Literaturverzeichnis

Im Literaturverzeichnis werden verschiedene Publikations- und Organisationsbezeichnungen wiederholt verwendet, weshalb Abkürzungen eingesetzt werden. Die Abkürzungen bedeuten:

ASCE BSSA EERC IGB/IGT NGI SN UCB DIN EPRI KTA NRC VDI

American Society of Civil Engineers Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley Institut für Geotechnik, ETH Zürich Norges Geotekniske Institut Schweizer Norm University of California, Berkeley Deutsches Institut für Normung Electric Power Research Institute (US Firmenvereinigung) Kerntechnischer Ausschuß (Deutsche Behörde) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US Behörde) Vereinigung Deutscher Ingenieure

Fachbücher

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Bachmann H (1995) Erdbebensicherung von Bauwerken. Birkhäuser, Basel Bachmann H, Ammann W (1987) Schwingungsprobleme bei Bauwerken. Structural

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lin Harris CM, Crede CE (Editors) (1976) Shock and vibration. Second Edition, McGraw-Hill

Book Company, New York Kramer SL (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Prentice Hall Lang H-J, Ruder J, Amann P ( 1996) Bodenmechanik und Grundbau. Springer Verlag, Berlin Madariaga R, Perrier G (1991) Les tremblements de terre. Presses du CNRS Newmark NM, Rosenblueth E ( 1971) Fundamentals of earthquake engineering. Prentice-Hall,

Inc Pecker A (1984) Dynamique des sols. Presses de l'ecole nationale des ponts et chaussees, Paris Prakash S (1981) Soil dynamics. McGraw-Hill, lnc

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Riebart FE Jr, Hall JR, Woods RD (1979) Vibrations of soils and foundations. Prentice-Hall, lnc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

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Normen Kopien der Normen sind bei den nationalen Normenvereinigungen erhältlich.

BS 6472 (1992} Evaluation ofhuman exposure to vibration in buildings (1 to 80Hz) British Standards Institutions

BS 6841 ( 1987} Measurement and evaluation ofhuman exposure to whole-body mechanical vi­bration and repeated shocks. British Standards Institutions

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EC 8 Eurocode 8- Bauten in Erdbebengebieten. Europäische Vornorm, ANY 1998-1-1, CEN, Europäisches Komitee für Normung, Brüssel, 1994

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SIA 160 (1989} Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke. Schweiz. Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein Zürich

SIA 181 (1988} Schallschutz im Wohnungsbau. Schweiz. Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein Zürich

SN 640 312 a (1992) Erschütterungseinwirkungen auf Bauwerke. Schweizerische Normenver­einigung SNV, Zürich

ISO 2631-2 (1989} Evaluation ofhuman exposure to whole-bodyvibration; Part 2: Continous and shock-induced vibration in buildings (1 to 80Hz). International Standard Organisa­tion

Sachverzeichnis

Abminderungsgesetz 191, 193-195 -, spektrales 193, 210 Abschiebung, normal fault 187 Abschirmwirkung 143- 145 Abstimmung, hohe 148 -, tiefe 147 Amplifikation 198, 199, 201, 203-206 Amplitudenreduktion im Bereich des

Empfängers 128 Anregung, harmonische 11 -, konstante 167 -, quadratische 11, 167 Antwortspektren 21, 193, 194, 213-216 -, intensitätsabhängige 216 -, Standard 216 -, standortspezifische 216 Aufschiebung, thrust fault 187 Auftretensrate, mittlere jährliche 210 Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit 45, 47, 49 Ausbreitung von Erschütterungen 121 Ausschwingversuch 85, 86, 98

Baugrund, Einfluß 193,194,196,250 Becker Penetration Test

(Becker-Hammer) 88, 101 Belastung, allgemeine 21 -, monotone 50 -, stoßartige 19 -, zyklische 50, 55, 74, 78, 82, 83, 147 Bemessungsantwortspektrum 215, 216,

277 Bemessungsbeben 237 Bemessungserdbeben 206, 210, 213, 237 Berechnung eines starren Fundamentes

mittels Impedanzfunktion 162, 167 - mittels Analogon 153-156 Beschleunigung, kritische 235, 237, 238 -,maximale 237 Bewegungsgleichung des Ein-Massen-

schwingers 8, 39, 41 - des starren Fundamentes 151 Biot-Theorie 47

Blockfundament 149 Boden, kohäsionsloser 78, 79 -, kohäsiver 59, 66, 82 Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion 153, 218,

220, 223, 225-227 -,kinematische 219, 220, 221 -, direkte Methode 221, 222 -, trägheits 221, 223 Bodenbeschleunigung, maximale 213, 216 Bodenkennziffer 4, 50, 52, 55, 56 Bodenmodell 50 -, elastisches 52 -, elasta-plastisches 52 Bodenverflüssigung 72, 73, 75, 76, 185,

242, 243, 246, 250 Bohrloch -Geophysik 86-88 Böschungsstabilität unter Erdbebenlast

233, 234 Boundary Element 161 Bruchverhalten 54, 55 BS 6472 (1992) 136, 137, 139, 140, 258

Cam-Clay-Modell 54 Coulomb-Dämpfung 27 Crosshole Seismik 85, 86-88, 94, 118 Cutoff-Frequenz 160, 175, 177

D'Alembert-Lösung 34 Dämpfung 27, 56, 59, 63, 69, 71, 72, 154,

159 - von Fels 72 -, äquivalente 226, 227 -, - viskose 27, 55, 110 Dämpfung -, geometrische 84, 87, 99, 125, 152, 160,

175, 181, 220, 225, 226 -, hysteretische 27 -, kritische 10, 17 -,Arten 26 -, Coulomb 27 Dämpfungskoeffizient 11, 17 4 -, äquivalenter 156

260

Dämpfungsverhältnis 11, 17, 66, 70, 71 - für Kies-Sand 65 - für Sand 64, 65 - für Ton 69, 70 - für Fels 12 Deformation eines Dammes, bleibende

239 Deformation, bleibende 234, 245 -, Kennziffer 56 -, Verhalten 54 Dezibel (dB) 123, 124 Dichte, relative 80, 81 Dilantanz 77-79 DIN 4150/2 (1992) 134, 137, 140, 258 Dirac-Stoß 21 Downhole 88 - -Gamma 88 - -Prozedur 87 - -Seismik 85, 96 - -Technik 87 Drucksondierung (CPT) 86, 88, 90 Druckwelle 35 Duhamel-Integral 23 Dynamic-Cone-Penetration-Test (DCPT)

88, 101

Eigenform 33 Eigenfrequenz 14, 17, 200 -, Reduktion 225, 227 Eigenkreisfrequenz 17, 33 Eigenschwingung 7 Einbettung 180, 181 Eindringversuch, dynamischer 86, 87, 88 Einfluß der Schichtung 44 - des Grundwasserspiegels 48 Einmassenschwinger 6, 7, 22, 24, 27, 154,

158, 159, 223, 224, 227 - -Analogon 155-157, 165, 167-171 -, gedämpfter 10, 13 -, mit Konstant Kraft-Anregung 12-15,

17 - mit quadratischer Anregung 15-17 -, ungedämpfter 8, 12 E-Modul 37 -, linear äquivalenter 110 EMS-Skala 186 Energieabstrahlung ins Unendliche 152,

153, 161, 225 Epizentraldistanz 191 Epizentrum 187, 208, 212 Erdbeben 28, 184-250 -,maximal denkbares 208-210 Erdbebenbemessungsgröße 207, 214 Erdbebenherd 185, 187, 191 Erddamm 240, 241

Sachverzeichnis

Erddruckkoeffizient, aktiver dynamischer 231

-, passiver dynamischer 232 Erdrutsch 185,248,249,250 Ersatzlastverfahren 240 Erschütterung 121 -, Ausbreitung 121, 124 -, Beurteilung der 129 -, -, Belästigung des Menschen 134 -, -, Schäden an Bauwerken 129 -, Reduktion 141 Explosion 28

Felduntersuchung 84-86, 88, 90, 100, 118, 250

Fels 70 Festigkeitseigenschaften 72-84 Festigkeitsverhalten von Sand 79 Finite-Element-Berechnung 244 Fließ-Dehnung, beschränkte 77 -, unbeschränkte 77 Fließfläche 53 Frequenz, dimensionslose 15, 152, 160 Fundament, kreisförmiges 152, 154, 172,

174-176, 180, 181 -,rechteckiges 172, 174, 178, 179 -,starres 155, 172, 174, 177 -, - eingebettetes 180 -, - kreisförmiges 152, 177 Fundation 228

Gefährdungsberechnung 207,212 -, deterministische 209- 210 -, probabilistische 211 - 214 Geologie, lokale, Einfluß 185, 200, 247, 250 Gesetz, hyperbolisches 52, 57 Gleitblock-Analyse von Newmark 232,

234, 236 G-Modul 37, 56, 59, 61-62 Grundeigenfrequenz 200 Grund-Schwingdauer 238

Halbraum, elastischer 151, 152, 153, 155, 159, 167, 172, 174, 175, 180, 182, 226

Horizontalschwingung 150, 155, 156, 162, 169, 174

Husid-Diagramm 217, 218 Hysterese 55, 110, 111, 160

Impedanz 196 Impedanzfunktion 154, 156, 158-160,

165, 166, 172, 173, 175-181,222 -,Berechnung 161 Impedanzsprung 196,201 Impedanzverhältnis 201

Sachverzeichnis

Intensität 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 209, 210, 247

ISO 2631-2 (1989) 134, 136, 137 Isolation 143

Kegelmodell 166, 167 Kies-Sand 63 Kippschwingung 150, 155, 156, 162, 170,

174 Kompressionswellen 28, 47 Konstant-Kraft-Anregung 11, 16 Körperschall 136, 140 Kraftübertragungsfunktion 18, 19 Kreisfundament, äquivalentes 17 4 Kreisplatte auf dem elastischen

Halbraum 152, 154 Kreuzsteifigkeit, dynamische 173, 182

Laborversuch 84-86, 104, 105, 113, 118, 250

Lagerungsdichte 80 Lockergesteinsüberdeckung 186, 192,

195-198,202,220,250 Lokal-Magnitude 190, 233 Longitudinalwellen 31, 42 Love-Welle 28, 29, 44 Luftschall, sekundärer 136, 140

Magnitude 186, 187, 190, 210, 211 -, Häufigkeitsbeziehung 211 Maschinen 15 Maschinenfundament 147 Masse-Feder-Dämpfer-Modell 166, 223 Materialdämpfung 84, 99, 152, 160, 161,

17 4, 177, 220, 225, 226 -,Wert 214 Maximal Credible Earthquake (MCE)

208-210 Methode, deterministische 208-210 -, direkte 221, 222 -, probabilistische 206, 211-214 -, pseudostatische 233 - von Nakamura 202 Mikrozonierung 185, 245, 246, 247, 249,

251 Modell von Duncan-Chang 52 -, seismotektonisches 207, 210 Moment, seismisches 191 - -Magnitude 190, 191 Mononobe-Okabe-Methode 229, 230 MSK-Intensität 186-188, 233

Newmark-Methode 25 Nicht-Linearität 199 Norm SN 640 312a 130-134

Oberflächen-Geophysik 86-88 Oberflächenwelle 28, 201 - -Magnitude 190, 191 ÖNORM S 9012 {1996) 134, 136, 140,

258

p'-q-Diagramm 54, 78, 116 Partikelgeschwindigkeit 36 Phasenverschiebung 16 Piezocone (CPTU) 88

261

Plastizitätsindex 56, 67, 68, 70, 71, 197, 199

Plattenversuch 85, 87, 88, 90 -, dynamischer 99 Porenwasserdruckverhältnis 74, 77 Pressiometer, selbstbohrender (SBPM)

88 Prinzip von D' Alembert 31 Provinz, seismotektonische 207, 209, 211 P-Wellen 28, 29, 42, 48, 152, 174, 195 - Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit 43, 49

Rammerschütterungen 127 Ränder, energieabsorbierende 3, 161,

222 Raumwellen 28 - -Magnitude 190, 191 Rayleighwelle 28, 29, 42-44, 152 Reflexion 35 - -Seismik 85, 86, 88, 90, 91 Refraktion 45 - -Seismik 85, 86, 88, 91 Resonant Column-Versuch 36, 37, 56, 85,

86, 105, 118 Resonanz 14, 147, 154, 177, 226 -, Frequenz 167, 177, 182 -,Kurve 14-16, 150, 155, 167-171 Richter-Magnitude 190 Rutschung 233 R-Wellenausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit 43

Sand 51, 56, 57,59,61,62 Sandvulkan 77 SASW-Methode 93, 104 Scherfestigkeit 73, 78, 83 Scherfestigkeitsverlust 77 Scherversuch 108 -, zyklischer 73, 74, 86, 105, 107, 108,

113, 116, 117 Scherwellen 28, 30, 42, 47, 174 Schicht konstanter Steifigkeit, elastische

174 - mit zunehmender Steifigkeit 177 - über starrer Felsunterlage, elastische

176, 177

262

Schubmodel 48, 56, 57, 59, 61, 63, 66, 67-71

- für Kies-Sand 65 - von Fels 72 Schubträger 30, 31, 237 Schüttettisch 85, 86 Schüttettischversuch 113 Schwinger 85, 86, 88, 93 Schwingungsisolation 17 Seiches 184 Seismic Piezocone 88 Seismizität, diffuser Gebiete 207, 209 -, historische 208, 213 SHAKE 200 SIA 181 140, 258 SN 640312a 258 Spannungs-Dehnungs-Diagramm 50, 55 - -Dehnungsgesetz, hyperbolisches 52 Spezialversuch 86 Spitzenbeschleunigung 199 Sprengerschütterung 127, 129 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) 87, 88,

101, 103, 104, 202 Standortwahl 228 Starkbebenphase, Dauer 214, 218 Steinschüttdamm 240, 241, 243 Stoß, rechteckförmiger 20 Stoßantwortspektrum 22 Stoßbelastung 21, 335 Stoßproblem 165 Stützkörper 228 Stützwand, Erdbebenmessung 229 Substruktur-Methode 221, 222, 223 S-Wellen 28, 29, 42, 48, 195 -, Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit 43, 49 System, gedämpftes 7 -, ungedämpftes 7 -, nichtlineares 24

Theorie von Westergaard 232 Tomographie, seismische 88, 98 Topographie, Einfluß 193, 203-205 Torsionsschwingung 31, 150, 155, 156,

162, 171, 174 Torsionsversuch, zyklischer 85, 86, 105,

111 Trägheitsinteraktion 221, 223

Sachverzeichnis

Triaxialversuch, dynamischer 80 -, zyklischer 85, 86, 105, 108, 109, 110,

111, 113-117, 243 Tsunamis 184

Übertragungsverluste 125 Ultraschall 85, 86 -,Messung 107 Uniform Risk Spectrum 216 Uphole-Seismik 85, 87, 96

Verflüssigung 73, 77-79, 103, 104, 118, 243, 245

Verflüssigungspotential 100, 101, 113 Verflüssigungsverhalten 103 Vergleich von Felddaten 118 - - Labordaten 118 Verluste beim Empfänger 124 - -Übergang Empfänger 127 - -Übergang Übertragungsmedium 127 - im Übertragungsmedium 124, 125 Verschiebung, lateral strike slip fault 187 Verstärkungen beim Empfänger 124 Verstärkungsfaktor 12, 14,17, 167 Vertikalschwingung 150, 155, 157, 162,

168, 174 Verwerfung 184, 207, 208, 228, 240, 241,

246, 249, 250 Vibrationsbereiche von Maschinen 183

Wasserkanone 86, 99, 100 Wellen im geschichteten Halbraum 44 Wellenausbreitung 28, 47, 161 - im elastischen Halbraum 42 - im elastischen Raum 39 - in Gemischen von Wasser und Fest-

substanz 45 - in nicht idealen Verhältnissen 44 - in porösen, gesättigten Materialien 46 -, eindimensionale 30 -, Geschwindigkeit 48 Wellengeschwindigkeit 31, 42, 48 Wellengleichung 34, 161 -, allgemeine 32 Wellenreflexion 45 Wellentypen 29 Wiederkehrperiode 208, 210, 211