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Accelerators COSY and HESR
March 15 2013 | Andreas Lehrach
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 2
Outline
Introduction
Cooler Synchrotron COSY Prototyping and Accelerator PhysicsPolarized BeamsPreparation for Storage Ring EDM
High-Energy Storage Ring HESRBeam Dynamics Simulations Design Work
SummaryOutlook
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 3
Ions (pol amp unpol) p and d
Momentum 300600 to 3700 MeVc for pd respectively
Circumference of the ring 184 m
Electron Cooling up to 550 MeVc
Stochastic Cooling above 15 GeVc
Cooler Synchrotron COSY
2MV Electron Cooler
Siberian Snake
Major Upgrades
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 4
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics
WASA
2 MeV e-Cooler (201213)
Barrier Bucket Cavity
Stochastic Cooling
Residual Gas Profile Monitor
Pellet Target
Siberian Snake (2013)
RF Solenoid
RF Dipole
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 5
Magnetized High-Energy Electron Cooling Development Steps
COSY from 01 MeV
to 2 MeV
HESR 45 MeV
Upgradable to 8 MeV
bull Technological challengebull Benchmarking of cooling forces Installation at COSY started
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 6
Example Beam Cooling with WASA Pellet Target
a) Injected beamb) Beam heated by targetc) + stochastic coolingd) + barrier bucket
0
1 10-7
2 10-7
3 10-7
4 10-7
5 10-7
6 10-7
15368 15369 1537 15371 15372 15373
Pa
rtic
le D
en
sity
(a
rb
units
)
f [GHz]
a) b)
d)
c)-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
00 05 10 15 20
Time micros
BB
Vol
tage
V
-01
-005
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
Pha
sem
onit
or a
u
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 7
Polarized Beams at COSY
Intrinsic resonances tune jumpsImperfection resonances vertical orbit excitation
P gt 75 at 33 GeVc
G=4
G=5
G=6
7-Qy
0+Qy
8-Qy
1+Qy
9-Qy
2+Qy
10-Qy
Polarization during accelerationTune-Jump
bull Length 06 mbull Max current plusmn3100 A bull Max gradient 045 Tm bull Rise time 10 μs
Qy
Qy
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 2
Outline
Introduction
Cooler Synchrotron COSY Prototyping and Accelerator PhysicsPolarized BeamsPreparation for Storage Ring EDM
High-Energy Storage Ring HESRBeam Dynamics Simulations Design Work
SummaryOutlook
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 3
Ions (pol amp unpol) p and d
Momentum 300600 to 3700 MeVc for pd respectively
Circumference of the ring 184 m
Electron Cooling up to 550 MeVc
Stochastic Cooling above 15 GeVc
Cooler Synchrotron COSY
2MV Electron Cooler
Siberian Snake
Major Upgrades
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 4
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics
WASA
2 MeV e-Cooler (201213)
Barrier Bucket Cavity
Stochastic Cooling
Residual Gas Profile Monitor
Pellet Target
Siberian Snake (2013)
RF Solenoid
RF Dipole
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 5
Magnetized High-Energy Electron Cooling Development Steps
COSY from 01 MeV
to 2 MeV
HESR 45 MeV
Upgradable to 8 MeV
bull Technological challengebull Benchmarking of cooling forces Installation at COSY started
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 6
Example Beam Cooling with WASA Pellet Target
a) Injected beamb) Beam heated by targetc) + stochastic coolingd) + barrier bucket
0
1 10-7
2 10-7
3 10-7
4 10-7
5 10-7
6 10-7
15368 15369 1537 15371 15372 15373
Pa
rtic
le D
en
sity
(a
rb
units
)
f [GHz]
a) b)
d)
c)-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
00 05 10 15 20
Time micros
BB
Vol
tage
V
-01
-005
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
Pha
sem
onit
or a
u
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 7
Polarized Beams at COSY
Intrinsic resonances tune jumpsImperfection resonances vertical orbit excitation
P gt 75 at 33 GeVc
G=4
G=5
G=6
7-Qy
0+Qy
8-Qy
1+Qy
9-Qy
2+Qy
10-Qy
Polarization during accelerationTune-Jump
bull Length 06 mbull Max current plusmn3100 A bull Max gradient 045 Tm bull Rise time 10 μs
Qy
Qy
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 3
Ions (pol amp unpol) p and d
Momentum 300600 to 3700 MeVc for pd respectively
Circumference of the ring 184 m
Electron Cooling up to 550 MeVc
Stochastic Cooling above 15 GeVc
Cooler Synchrotron COSY
2MV Electron Cooler
Siberian Snake
Major Upgrades
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 4
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics
WASA
2 MeV e-Cooler (201213)
Barrier Bucket Cavity
Stochastic Cooling
Residual Gas Profile Monitor
Pellet Target
Siberian Snake (2013)
RF Solenoid
RF Dipole
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 5
Magnetized High-Energy Electron Cooling Development Steps
COSY from 01 MeV
to 2 MeV
HESR 45 MeV
Upgradable to 8 MeV
bull Technological challengebull Benchmarking of cooling forces Installation at COSY started
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 6
Example Beam Cooling with WASA Pellet Target
a) Injected beamb) Beam heated by targetc) + stochastic coolingd) + barrier bucket
0
1 10-7
2 10-7
3 10-7
4 10-7
5 10-7
6 10-7
15368 15369 1537 15371 15372 15373
Pa
rtic
le D
en
sity
(a
rb
units
)
f [GHz]
a) b)
d)
c)-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
00 05 10 15 20
Time micros
BB
Vol
tage
V
-01
-005
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
Pha
sem
onit
or a
u
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 7
Polarized Beams at COSY
Intrinsic resonances tune jumpsImperfection resonances vertical orbit excitation
P gt 75 at 33 GeVc
G=4
G=5
G=6
7-Qy
0+Qy
8-Qy
1+Qy
9-Qy
2+Qy
10-Qy
Polarization during accelerationTune-Jump
bull Length 06 mbull Max current plusmn3100 A bull Max gradient 045 Tm bull Rise time 10 μs
Qy
Qy
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 4
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics
WASA
2 MeV e-Cooler (201213)
Barrier Bucket Cavity
Stochastic Cooling
Residual Gas Profile Monitor
Pellet Target
Siberian Snake (2013)
RF Solenoid
RF Dipole
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 5
Magnetized High-Energy Electron Cooling Development Steps
COSY from 01 MeV
to 2 MeV
HESR 45 MeV
Upgradable to 8 MeV
bull Technological challengebull Benchmarking of cooling forces Installation at COSY started
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 6
Example Beam Cooling with WASA Pellet Target
a) Injected beamb) Beam heated by targetc) + stochastic coolingd) + barrier bucket
0
1 10-7
2 10-7
3 10-7
4 10-7
5 10-7
6 10-7
15368 15369 1537 15371 15372 15373
Pa
rtic
le D
en
sity
(a
rb
units
)
f [GHz]
a) b)
d)
c)-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
00 05 10 15 20
Time micros
BB
Vol
tage
V
-01
-005
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
Pha
sem
onit
or a
u
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 7
Polarized Beams at COSY
Intrinsic resonances tune jumpsImperfection resonances vertical orbit excitation
P gt 75 at 33 GeVc
G=4
G=5
G=6
7-Qy
0+Qy
8-Qy
1+Qy
9-Qy
2+Qy
10-Qy
Polarization during accelerationTune-Jump
bull Length 06 mbull Max current plusmn3100 A bull Max gradient 045 Tm bull Rise time 10 μs
Qy
Qy
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 5
Magnetized High-Energy Electron Cooling Development Steps
COSY from 01 MeV
to 2 MeV
HESR 45 MeV
Upgradable to 8 MeV
bull Technological challengebull Benchmarking of cooling forces Installation at COSY started
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 6
Example Beam Cooling with WASA Pellet Target
a) Injected beamb) Beam heated by targetc) + stochastic coolingd) + barrier bucket
0
1 10-7
2 10-7
3 10-7
4 10-7
5 10-7
6 10-7
15368 15369 1537 15371 15372 15373
Pa
rtic
le D
en
sity
(a
rb
units
)
f [GHz]
a) b)
d)
c)-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
00 05 10 15 20
Time micros
BB
Vol
tage
V
-01
-005
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
Pha
sem
onit
or a
u
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 7
Polarized Beams at COSY
Intrinsic resonances tune jumpsImperfection resonances vertical orbit excitation
P gt 75 at 33 GeVc
G=4
G=5
G=6
7-Qy
0+Qy
8-Qy
1+Qy
9-Qy
2+Qy
10-Qy
Polarization during accelerationTune-Jump
bull Length 06 mbull Max current plusmn3100 A bull Max gradient 045 Tm bull Rise time 10 μs
Qy
Qy
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 6
Example Beam Cooling with WASA Pellet Target
a) Injected beamb) Beam heated by targetc) + stochastic coolingd) + barrier bucket
0
1 10-7
2 10-7
3 10-7
4 10-7
5 10-7
6 10-7
15368 15369 1537 15371 15372 15373
Pa
rtic
le D
en
sity
(a
rb
units
)
f [GHz]
a) b)
d)
c)-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
00 05 10 15 20
Time micros
BB
Vol
tage
V
-01
-005
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
Pha
sem
onit
or a
u
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 7
Polarized Beams at COSY
Intrinsic resonances tune jumpsImperfection resonances vertical orbit excitation
P gt 75 at 33 GeVc
G=4
G=5
G=6
7-Qy
0+Qy
8-Qy
1+Qy
9-Qy
2+Qy
10-Qy
Polarization during accelerationTune-Jump
bull Length 06 mbull Max current plusmn3100 A bull Max gradient 045 Tm bull Rise time 10 μs
Qy
Qy
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 7
Polarized Beams at COSY
Intrinsic resonances tune jumpsImperfection resonances vertical orbit excitation
P gt 75 at 33 GeVc
G=4
G=5
G=6
7-Qy
0+Qy
8-Qy
1+Qy
9-Qy
2+Qy
10-Qy
Polarization during accelerationTune-Jump
bull Length 06 mbull Max current plusmn3100 A bull Max gradient 045 Tm bull Rise time 10 μs
Qy
Qy
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 8
Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams Snake Concept
bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations
bull Fast ramping lt30s
bull Integral long field gt47 T m
bull Cryogen-free system
Bdl (Tm)
COSY Injection Energy 45 MeV 1103
pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV 3329
PAX at COSY 140 MeV 1994
PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090
Tmax at COSY 288 GeV 13887
ANKE
PAXPAX
ANKE
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 9
Siberian Snake at COSY
Superconducting 47 Tm solenoid is ordered Overall length 1 mRamping time 30 s
Spin dynamics and longitudinal polarized beams for experiments
Installation at COSYin summer 2013
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 10
Polarization of a Stored Beam by Spin-FilteringExperiment with COSY schematic
Spin-flipper
bull Stacking injection at 45 MeVbull Electron cooling onbull Acceleration to 493 MeV bull Start of spin-filter cycle at PAX 16 000 s bull PAX ABS offbull ANKE cluster target on bull Polarization measurement (2 500 s) at ANKE bull Spin flips with RF Solenoid bull New cycle different direction of target polarization
COSY Cycle Results
COSY Cycle schematic
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 11
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
p-Linac
HESR
SIS18SIS100
CRRESR
AntiprotonenProduction Target
Linac 70MeV protons 70mA le4Hz
SIS 18 5middot1012 protonscycle
SIS 100 4middot1013 protonscycle
29GeV protons
bunch compressed to 50nsec
Production target 2middot108 antiprotonscycle
3 momentum spread
CR bunch rotation and stochastic cooling at 38GeVc 10s
RESR accumulation at 38GeVc
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 12
HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler
Juumllich is the leading lab of the HESR ConsortiumGermany (Juumllich (90) GSI Mainz) Slovenia and Romania
HESR COSY
575 m Circumference 184 m
15 ndash 15 GeVc Momentum 03 ndash 37 GeVc
up to 9 GeVc Electron Cooling up to 05 GeVc
Full range Stochastic Cooling 15 ndash 37 GeVc
HESR
COSY
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 13
HESR design driven by the requirements of PANDA
bull Antiprotons with 15 GeVc le p le 15 GeVc
bull High luminosity 2middot1032 cm-2s-1
- Thick targets 4middot1015 cm-2
bull High momentum resolution Δpp le 4middot10-5
- Phase space cooling
bull Long beam life time gt30 min
Criteria for the Layout of the HESR
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 14
Beam Dynamics Simulations
Beam injection and accumulation stacking injection concept(Simulation codes by T Katayama and H Stockhorst)
Dynamic aperture calculations and closed-orbit correction steering and multipole correction concept
(MAD-X SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Beam losses at internal targets luminosity estimations particle losses (hadronic single Coulomb energy straggling single intra-beam)
(Analytic formulas)
Beam-cooling beam-target interaction intra-beam scattering beam equilibria(BetaCool MOCAC PTARGET Juumllich stochastic cooling code)
Ring impedance RF cavities kicker etc(SIMBAD based on ORBIT)
Trapped ions discontinuity of vacuum chamber clearing electrodes (Analytic codes)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 15
Injection and Accumulation
bull Barrier Bucket and stochastic cooling will be used to accumulate antiprotons in HESR
bull Proof of principle measurement
Beam accumulation in HESR required for modularized FAIR start version
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 16
Future HESR Upgrade Options
Spin FilteringAntiproton Polarizer (APR)Asymmetric Collider
15 GeVc ndash 35 GeVc
Polarized Proton-Antiprotons Collider
Linac
eSynchrotron
eRing (33GeV)
HESR(15GeVc
= 16)
SIS18
new 70MeV linac
P tune jump Quadspartial snake
eCool 82MVfull snake
spin rotatorsaround IR
e
Polarized Electron-Nucleon Collider ENC
Accelerator Working Group
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 17
Summary Outlook
Prototyping and Accelerator Physics at COSYDetector tests for PANDA and CBM
Preparation for HESRHigh-Energy Electron Cooling and High-Bandwidth Stochastic CoolingInternal Targets RF Manipulation techniques
COSY is essential to develop and establish these techniques for HESR
Polarized beams at COSY
Polarizing stored Antiprotons by spin-filtering
RampD work for storage ring EDM searches of charged particles
First direct EDM measurement ideal EDM injector COSY is essential to perform RampD work for PAX and EDM
HESR project status
New HESR beam accumulation scheme due to modularized start version of FAIR
Design work of the HESR is finalized and the construction phase started
Main HESR components are ordered (dipoles quadrupoles )
corresponds to roughly 30 of total project costs
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 18
Siberian Snake
bull Full snake χ = 180deg νsp = frac12
Spin tune independent of beam energy
No spin resonances except snake resonances
νsp = frac12 = k plusmn l∙Qx plusmn m∙Qy
bull Partial snake χ lt 180deg νsp ne kKeeps the spin tune away from integerNo imperfection resonances
χ spin- and particle motionspin rotation
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 19
Energy Range 0025 2 MeV High-Voltage Stability lt 10-4 Electron Current 01 3 A
BINP Novosibirsk
Installation at COSY started
New 2 MV Electron Cooler at COSY
Electron Beam Diameter 10 30 mm Cooling section length 2694 m Magnetic field (cooling section) 05 2 kG
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 20
Stochastic Cooling System
bull Cooling Bandwidth (2 ndash 4) GHzbull Pickup and Kicker Structures Circular Slot Type Couplers)bull Aperture 90 mmbull Length per cell 125 mmbull 88 pickup cells bull Total length 1100 mmbull Zero dispersion at pickup and kickerbull Noise temperature pickup plus
equivalent amplifier noise 40 K
bull Momentum range 15 GeVc to 15 GeVcbull Above 38 GeVc Filter Coolingbull Below 38 GeVc TOF Cooling R Stassen FZJ
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 21
Spin Manipulation in COSY
RF SolenoidWater-cooled copper coil in a copper box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 06 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm
RF Dipole8-turn water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box length 06 mbull Frequency range roughly 012 to 16 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 01 Tmm
Jump QuadrupoleAir coil length 06 mbull Current plusmn3100 A gradient 045 Tmbull Rise time 10 μs fall time 10 to 40 ms
Siberian Snake (ordered)Fast-Ramping Superconducting Solenoid length 098mbull Ramp time to maximum 30s bull Integrated field intBrms dl = 047 Tm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 22
COSY Upgrade
1 Improved closed-orbit control system for orbit correction in the micrometer range
Increasing the stability of correction-dipole power supplies
Increase number of correction dipoles and beam-position monitors (BPMs)
Improve BPM accuracy limited by electronic offset and amplifier linearity
Systematic errors of the orbit measurement (eg temperature drift)
2 Alignment of Magnets and BPMs
More precise alignment of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets
BPMs have to be aligned with respect to the magnetic axis of these magnets
3 Beam oscillations
Excited by vibrations of magnetic fields induced by the jitter of power supplies
Coherent beam oscillation
4 Longitudinal and transverse wake fields
Ring impedances
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 23
HESR Layout
Main machine parameterMomentum range 15 to 15 GeVcCircumference 574 m Magnetic bending power 50 TmDipole ramp 25 mTsAcceleration rate 02 (GeVc)s
Geometrical acceptances for βt = 2 m horizontal 49 mm mrad vertical 57 mm mradMomentum acceptance plusmn 25times10-3
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 24
DipolesNumber 44Magnetic length 42 mDeflection angle 8182degMax B-field 17 TMin B-field 017 TAperture 100 mm
QuadrupolesNumber 84Magnetic length 06 mIron length (arc) 058 mMax gradient 20 TmAperture 100 mm
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 25
Luminosity Considerations (Full FAIR version)
Relative Loss Rate
Scattering Process 15 GeVc 9 GeVc 15 GeVc
Hadronic Interaction 18middot10-4 12middot10-4 11middot10-4
Single Coulomb 29middot10-4 68middot10-6 24middot10-6
Energy Straggling 13middot10-4 41middot10-5 28middot10-5
Touschek (Single IBS) 49middot10-5 23middot10-7 49middot10-8
Total relatve loss rate 65middot10-4 17middot10-4 14middot10-4
1e Beam lifetime s ~ 1540 ~ 6000 ~ 7100
11 )( sloss
Antiproton production rate 2middot107 s
Pellet target nt=4middot1015 cm-2
Transverse beam emittance 1mmmiddotmradLongitudinal ring acceptance Δpp = plusmn10-3
Betatron amplitude at PANDA 1m Circulating antiprotons 1011
Cycle averaged luminosity- Momentum 15 GeVc 03 ndash 07 middot 1032 cm-2s-1
- Momentum 15 GeVc 15 ndash 16 middot 1032 cm-2s-1(Production rate 1 ndash 2 middot 107 s)
A Lehrach et al NIMA 561 (2006)
O Boine-Frankenheim et al 560 (2006)
F Hinterberger Juumll-4206 (2006)
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 26
Electron cooled beams
HR mode 79middot10-6 (15 GeVc) to 27middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 1middot10-4 (15 GeVc) HL mode lt10-4
Stochastic cooled beams
HR mode 51middot10-5 (38 GeVc) 54middot10-5 (89 GeVc) and 39middot10-5 (15 GeVc) HL mode ~10-4
Transverse stochastic cooling can be adjusted independently
Cooled Beam Equilibria
D Reistad et al Proc of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL2007 MOA2C05 44 (2007)O Boine-Frankenheim et al A 560 (2006) 245ndash255
Beam cooling beam-target interactions intra-beam scattering
H Stockhorst et al Proc of the European Accelerator Conference EPAC2008 THPP055 3491 (2008)
rms relative momentum spread pp
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 27
10E-10
10E-09
10E-08
10E-07
10E-06
10E-05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
pre
ssu
re
mb
ar
s m
Expected Pressure Distribution and Neutralization Factor
10E-04
10E-03
10E-02
10E-01
10E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
neu
tral
izat
ion
fac
tor
s m
Average distance of clearing electrodes of 10 m with a clearing voltage of 200 V
The mean time for residual gas ions in the antiproton beam Tc
(clearing time) in relation to the time of ion production Tp
c
p
T
T
Emittance Growth Incoherent Tune Shift Beam Instabilities
PANDA IP
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 28
Coherent Beam Instabilities
F Hinterberger Ion Trapping in the High-Energy Storage Ring HESR JUumlL-Report 4343 (2011)
Resonance frequencies
Bounce frequencies of transverse H+2 ion oscillations represented as tune numbers qxy
(8 minus Qx) = 04005 and (8 minus Qy) = 03784 (9 minus Qx) = 14005 and (9 minus Qy) = 13784
Estimates for beam instabilities
Beam momentump = 15 GeVc
horizontal vertical
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD
March 15 2013 | A Lehrach COSY amp HESR 29
Dynamic Aperture (Optimized)
Dynamic Aperture16 mm mrad
Orb
it d
iffu
sio
n c
oef
fici
ent
D
Orbit diffusion coefficient (eg after 1000 and 2000 turns)
2)1()2(2)1()2(10log yyxx QQQQD