G27. Tagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Forstgenetik, Austria 2007

Institut für Waldbau I Univ. Ass. DFw. Dr. Raphael T. KLUMPP

Universität für Bodenkultur WienDepartment für Wald- und Boden-wissenschaften

16.04.10 1

On the genetic variation of English yew throughout the eastern Alps(Untersuchungen zur genetischen Variation der Eibe (Taxus baccata L.) im Ostalpenraum)

Raphael Th. Klumpp & Amalesh Dhar

Institut für Waldbau I Ass.Prof. DFw Dr. Raphael T. KLUMPP & MSc. Amalesh Dhar16.04.10 2

KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe

Inhalt / contents

1. Einleitung / introduction

2. Material & Methoden

3. Ergebnisse u. Diskussion / results and discussion :

3.1 Variation innerhalb (within) Populationen

3.2 Variation zwischen (among) Populationen

3.3 Allelische Strukturen / allelic structures

4. Schlußfolgerungen / consequences

5. Zusammenfassung / summary

6. Danksagung / acknowledgements


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe

. F ig The circumpolar distribution of Taxus baccata and other Taxus species from Hultén & Fries (1986). + indicates interglacial records; indicates isolated occurrences; hatched areas indicate regions of common or fairly common occurrence. Broken lines outline the distribution of Taxus species other than T. baccata.

Thomas P.A., Polwart A. 2003. Taxus baccata L. biological flora of the British Isles 229. Journal Ecology 91: 489–524


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe - Einleitung

Introduction

Yew (Taxus baccata) – an endangered species

- over use in historical time

- ungulates (wild, domesticated)

- hunters (Austria only?)

- lack of knowledge (management)


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – österr. Genreservate

Austrian map indicating the geographic location of gene conservation forests

1

1112

1013

9

8

765

43

2

Hans et al. 2005. Das Eibenvorkommen in den österreichischen Generhaltungswäldern Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft 1140 Wien, Hauptstraße 7. http://bfw.ac.at


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – Material und Methode

Material

5 stands: Austrian gene conservation program

tissue: buds

Method

STAGE, 6 enzyme systems

laboratory procedure according to: Hertel 1996

data evaluation: GSED (Gillet 1998)


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe - untersuchte Bestände

Name of the site Total area

[ha]

Altitude

[m]

Population size

Sample size

4. Pichlwald 2.6 480 – 530 244 95

5. Almtal 3.2 460 – 490 > 2000 59

6. Losenstein 39.6 540 – 680 1815 122

8. Stiwollgraben 4.6 580 – 700 2236 109

13. Leininger Riese 18.5 900 - 1300 828 75

The investigated Austrian gene conservation forests


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe - Methode

Enzyme Gene locus Allele no E. C. number

Aspartate-aminotransferase AAT- AAAT- B(AAT-C)

23

(3)

2.6.1.1

Isocitrate-dehydrogenase IDH-AIDH-B

44

1.1.1.42

Leucine-aminopeptidase LAP-ALAP-B

33

3.4.11.1

Phosphoglucomutase PGM - A

(PGM- B)

5

(2)

2.7.5.1

6-Phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase 6-PGDH- A 3 1.1.1.44

Shikimate-dehydrogenase SKDH-A 3 1.1.1.25

Enzyme systems used for electrophoretic analysis of the yew population


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – optimale Verjüngung (Almtal)

Yew: optimal recruitment


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe - Ergebnisse

Allele Stiwoll Almtal Losenstein Leininger Riese

0.826 1.00 1.00 1.00

AAT-A 1 2 0.174 -- -- --

0.147 -- -- -- 0.849 1.00 1.00 1.00

LAP-A 1 2 3 0.005 -- -- --

0.064 0.017 0.057 0.007 0.931 0.958 0.852 0.947 0.005 0.025 0.061 0.047

SKDH-A 1 2 3 4 -- -- 0.029 --

Allele frequencies: monomorphic loci


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – Variation innerhalb der Populationen

Location Parameters Hypoth. gametic diversityP 95 (%) A/L Ne Ho He

Almtal 85.7 3.0 1.44 0.247 0.309 15.12

Losenstein 100 3.43 1.65 0.340 0.396 38.41

Stiwollgraben 100 3.28 1.38 0.237 0.275 9.99

Leininger Riese 85.7 3.57 1.42 0.198 0.298 13.07

Average 92.9 3.32 1.47 0.256 0.319 19.15

Estimates of genetic variation parameters for Austrian yew populations (7 loci)


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe - Literaturvergleich

Species

No of gene loci

Parameters Hypo. gametic diversity

Different studiesP 95 (%) A/L Ne Ho He

Taxus baccata

7 92,9 3.32 1.47 0.256 0.319 19.15 KLUMPP & DHAR

18 61.11 2.83 1.37 0.429(poly. loci)

0.419(poly. loci)

-- Lewandowski et al. (1995)

6 (80,6) 2.62 1.48 0.340 0.316 -- Cao et at. (2003)

5 -- -- 1.45

0.302 0.308 7.839 Tröber et al. (2004)

Taxus cuspidata

23 45.0 1.78 -- 0.154 0.192 -- Chung et al. (1999)

14 45.7 1.70 -- 0.172 0.168 -- Lee et at. (2000)

Estimates of genetic variation parameters for different studies on Taxus species


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – abgedecktes Stangenholz

managed pole stage


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – Genetische Distanzen / Differenzierung

GENE POOL DISTANCE (7 Loci) Sample

Stiwoll Almtal Losenstein Leininger Riese

Stiwoll 0.000

Almtal 0.195 0.000

Losenstein 0.213 0.156 0.000

Leininger Riese 0.226 0.073 0.145 0.000

Population Differentiation (delta=0,153)

Dj 0,204 0,117 0,125 0,152


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – allelische Strukturen


0.165 0.153 0.451 0.120 0.835 0.831 0.549 0.860

AAT-B 1 2 3 -- 0.017 -- 0.020

0.009 -- -- -- 0.064 0.729 0.443 0.760 0.835 0.254 0.455 0.240

LAP-B 0 1 2 3 0.092 0.017 0.102 --

0.683 0.424 0.361 0.287

-- 0.085 -- 0.053

6-PGDH-A 1 2 3 0.317 0.492 0.639 0.660

Allele frequencies of major polymorphic loci


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe – allelische Strukturen


0.170 0.161 0.086 0.120 0.789 0.839 0.828 0.787 0.041 -- 0.082 0.053

IDH-A 1 2 3 4 -- -- 0.004 0.040

-- 0.169 0.119 0.120

0.023 -- 0.078 0.087 0.922 0.0831 0.770 0.780

IDH-B 1 2 3 4 0.055 -- 0.033 0.013

0.156 -- 0.016 0.007 0.009 0.068 0.111 0.013

-- 0.051 0.025 0.047 0.826 0.864 0.848 0.920

PGM-A 1 2 3 4 5 0.009 0.017 -- 0.013

Allele frequencies minor polymorphic loci


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe

Conclusions

A) The expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity 0.319 and 0.256

B) Average population differentiation 0.153

C) Average Hypothetical gametic diversity 19.15

D)English yew populations in Austria showed a high level of genetic variation with a medium level of inbreeding effect

E) Level of expected heterozygosity (He) is within the European range of observations, which means that the probability for local yew decline is low due to high genetic variation


KLUMPP & DHAR: Eibe

Acknowledgements / Danksagung

for technical support / für technische Unterstützung

DI Herwig Ruprecht, Ing. Monika Lex,

Ing. Thomas Schuster, DI Ercan Oktan, sowie

HR DI C. Jasser.

for financial support / für finanzielle Unterstützung

Landesregierung Steiermark

Institut für Waldbau I Univ. Ass. DFw. Dr. Raphael T. KLUMPP

Universität für Bodenkultur WienDepartment für Wald- und Boden-wissenschaften

16.04.10 19

Universität für Bodenkultur Wien

Department für Wald und BodenwissenschaftenInstitut für Waldbau

Ass. Prof. Dr. Raphael Thomas KLUMPP MSc. Amalesh Dhar

Peter Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 WienTel.: +43 1 47654-4063, Fax: +43 1 [email protected] , www.boku.ac.at

Education

G27. Tagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Forstgenetik, Austria 2007