TRAFFIC AND GRANULAR FLOW '01

TRAFFIC AND GRANULAR FLOW '01

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

M. Fukui Y. Sugiyama M. Schreckenberg D. E. Wolf Editors

TRAFFIC AND GRANULAR FLOW'01

With 368 Figures, 32 in Colour

Springer

Editors

Minoru Fukui Nakanihon Automative College Fukagaya, Sakahogi-cho, Gifu-ken, 505-0077, Japan e-mail: fukui3@cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Yuki Sugiyama School of Informatics and Sciences Nagoya University Furouchou, Chikusaku Nagoya 464-8601, Japan e-mail: genbey@eken.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Michael Schreckenberg Universitat Duisburg-Essen Physik von Transport und Verkehr LotharstraBe 1 47048 Duisburg, Germany e-mail: schreckenberg@uni-duisburg.de

Dietrich E. Wolf Universitat Duisburg-Essen Theoretische Physik LotharstraBe 1 47048 Duisburg, Germany e-mail: wolf@comphys.uni-duisburg.de

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000):

90Bxx, 60K30, 76T25, 65Cxx, 68M20, 37MIO, 60H35

Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de>.

ISBN 978-3-642-07304-5 ISBN 978-3-662-10583-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10583-2

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2003

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Printed on acid-free paper 46/3143LK - 5 43210

Welcome Address

Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen!

Welcome to Nagoya and Nagoya University.

It is my great pleasure to say some words at the opening of this conference on behalf of the host institute of this conference, Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering of Nagoya University. The Center is organized as an in­stitute to serve collaborating research and education on the new frontiers of mate­rials science, energy science and global environment science.

I am the coordinator of the project entitled "Traffic simulator based on mathe­matical models and data base of highway traffic flow" which is one of the inter­disciplinary projects of the Center proposed by those outside of the Center but still within Nagoya University. The organizers of this conference include the principal members of the project, and they planned to have an international workshop "Traffic and Granular Flow '01" in Nagoya University. I am certainly glad to have the fourth of an international series of conferences for traffic and granular flow dynamics within the period of the project.

Now, I should mention that this time is the hottest time ever of Nagoya Univer­sity, since as many of you probably know, last week one of our colleagues of Na­goya University, Professor Noyori, got a Nobel prize of chemistry for the ftrst time in the 21 st century. This conference is actually the ftrst conference in the campus after the Nobel prize fever at Nagoya University.

I understand that the traffic problem is one of the most urgent problems to be solved in the 21st century. I hope this conference, the ftrst one in the Century, will be looked back in future as that held in the right place and at the right time.

I wish you a great success of the conference and to enjoy Nagoya and Nagoya University.

Thank you.

y oshito Itoh Professor, Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering Director of University Library University Senator Nagoya University

Preface

The biannual international conference Traffic and Granular Flow has become an indispensable forum for researchers in this interdisciplinary field, which is rapidly evolving and addresses some of the most urgent scientific and technological chal­lenges. After Jiilich, Duisburg and Stuttgart, the fourth conference in this series was the first one to take place outside Germany. Nagoya (Japan) provided a per­fect setting to host the 96 participants from 11 nations. Again, many new ideas and developments were discussed.

One highlight of the conference was certainly the dispute between Boris Kerner and Dirk Helbing, which touched upon the very basics of traffic modeling. Boris Kerner passionately promoted his idea that a two dimensional continuum of ho­mogeneous synchronized states in the flow-density plane must be at the core of any realistic traffic model (three phase traffic theory). Obviously the dynamics, in particular the response to perturbations like an on-ramp or to noise, is bound to be fundamentally different in such a model compared to the usual models (propa­gated by Dirk Helbing) with a fundamental diagram, where the homogeneous states lie on a curve in the flow-density plane.

Unforgettable also the video record of an experiment performed by the project team of Japanese researchers (which is reported in the talk by Makoto Kikuchi), where some 20-30 cars were driving one behind the other in a large round-about until [mally a strong enough fluctuation occurred to trigger a jam.

Further topics in the focus of this conference were pedestrian traffic and scale­free networks like the internet. The flow of granular media was not so much at the focus this time, but there were excellent posters discussing new phenomena like the clustering during avalanches or segregation of ellipsoids upon shaking. An im­pressive account of the complex physics of grains falling through a vertical pipe was given by Mitsugu Matsushita.

Weare very grateful for the generous support of several sponsors, first of all the DaimlerChrysler AG, but also the Ford Motor Company, the Center for Inte­grated Research in Science and Engineering in Nagoya University, the Research Foundation for the Electrotechnology of Chubu, and the Daiko foundation. With­out this funding the conference would not have been such a success.

We like to thank the conference secretaries: Atsushi Honda, Takahisa Kaji­moto, Namiko Mitarai, Masayo Miyano, Shizuka Nishiura, and Akiko Okumura, as well as the technical and organizational staff: Y oshihiro Ishibashi, Makoto Ki­kuchi, Katsuhiro Nishinari, Akihiro Nakayama, Shin-ichi Tadaki, Satoshi Yu­kawa, Tamaki Fukui, and Katsuya Hasebe for the internet service. The manu­scripts were prepared for publication by Andreas KeBel, Hubert Kliipfel, Torsten

VIII Preface

Huisinga, Robert Barlovic, Matthias W oltering, Andreas Pottmeier, Roland Chrobok, Guido Bartels, Stephan Dammer, Zeno Farkas, Dirk Kadau, Kwangho Park, Jochen Werth, and Frank Westerhoff. Special thanks go to Birgit Dahm­Courths, who compiled all the manuscripts of the conference proceedings into this book.

The next conference Traffic and Granular Flow 2003 will take place in Delft (Netherlands), and we hope to see many of you again there.

Duisburg / Nagoya, July 2002 Yuki Sugiyama Minoru Fukui

MichaelSchreckenberg Dietrich E. Wolf

Contents

Welcome Address ................................................................................................. V

Preface ................................................................................................................. VII

Contents ............................................................................................................... IX

List of Participants ................ ............................................................................ XV

Traffic Models: Theory

Euler and Lagrange Representation of Traffic Models ........................................... 3 K. Nishinari

Three-Phase Traffic Theory .................................................................................. 13 B.S. Kerner

Spacing-Oriented Analytical Approach to a Middle Traffic Flow CA Model Between FI-Type and NS-Type ........................................................... 51

B.-H Wang, D. Mao, L. Wang, and P.M. Hui Continuum Traffic Equations from Microscopic Car-Following Models ............. 65

H-W Lee, HK. Lee, H Y. Lee, and D. Kim Metastable Flows in an Extended Burgers Cellular Automaton Traffic Model ........................................................................................................ 79

M. Fukui, K. Nishinari, D. Takahashi, and Y. Ishibashi Existence and Classification of Travelling Wave Solutions to Second Order Highway Traffic Models ................................................................ 85

R.E. Wilson and P. Berg Improved Optimal Velocity Model for Traffic ..................................................... 91

A. Shibata Microscopic Modeling of Synchronized Traffic ................................................... 97

W Knospe, L. San ten, A. Schadschneider, and M. Schreckenberg Limit Sets and the Rate of Convergence for One-Dimensional Cellular Automata Traffic Models ...................................................................... 103

T Namiki Localized Defects in a Cellular Automaton Model for Traffic Flow with Phase Separation ......................................................................................... 109

A. Pottmeier, R. Barlovic, W Knospe, A. Schadschneider, and M. Schreckenberg

Asymmetric Optimal Velocity Mode1.. ............................................................... 115 A. Okumura and S. Tadaki

X Contents

Chaos and Multifractality in a Time-Delay Car-Following Traffic Model ...................................................................................................... 119

L.A. Safonov, E. Tomer, V. V. Strygin, Y. Ashkenazy, and S. Havlin

Traffic Models: Application

Optimal Velocity Model and its Applications ..................................................... 127 A. Nakayama, K. Hasebe, and Y. Sugiyama

Breakdown and Recovery in Traffic Flow Models ............................................. 141 K. Nagel, C. Kayatz, and P. Wagner

Kinetic Theory of Traffic Flows ......................................................................... 155 E. Ben-Naim and P.L. Krapivsky

The Generalized Fundamental Diagram of Traffic and Possible Applications ........................................................................................................ 169

E. Tomer, L.A. Safonov, and S. Havlin Stochastic Resonance Towards Traffic Models .................................................. 187

T. Ohira An Interpretation of a Traffic Engineer on Vehicular Traffic Flow .................... 199

M Koshi Congestion Induced by Bottlenecks in Two-Lane Optimal Velocity Traffic Flow Model ............................................................................................. 211

S. Tadaki, M Kikuchi, K. Nishinari, Y. Sugiyama, and S. Yukawa Widely Extended Optimal Velocity Model of Traffic Flow and their Linear Stability ..................................................................................... 221

K. Hasebe, A. Nakayama, and Y. Sugiyama Stability of Multi-Lane Traffic Flow .................................................................. 227

A. Sasoh 8-Figured Hysteresis Loop ofOV Model ........................................................... 235

T. Nishi and D. Takahashi

Empirical Traffic Data

Observational Aspects of Japanese Highway Traffic .......................................... 243 S. Yukawa, M Kikuchi, A. Nakayama, K. Nishinari, Y. Sugiyama, and S. Tadaki

Long-Term Traffic Data from Japanese Expressway .......................................... 257 M Kikuchi, A. Nakayama, K. Nishinari, Y. Sugiyama, S. Tadaki, and S. Yukawa

The Local Occupation Probability Method for Evaluating Traffic Flows .......... 263 Y. Ishibashi and M Fukui

Contents XI

Telematics and Drivers' Behaviour

Cooperative Driving: Taking Telematics to the Next Level ............................... 271 R.G. Herrtwich and G. Noecker

Modeling of Vehicular Behavior from Road Traffic Engineering Perspectives ......................................................................................................... 281

H. Ozaki ITS and the Revolution of Automobiles .............................................................. 293

Y Noguchi Modelling the Impact of ACC-Systems on the Traffic Flow at Macroscopic Modelling Level.. ....................................................................... 305

C. Demir A Cellular Automaton Model for Dynamic Route Choice Behavior in Urban Roads .................................................................................................... 319

M. Fukui, T. Yosida, and H. Oikawa Experimental Investigation of Day-to-Day Route Choice Behaviour ................. 325

R. Selten, M. Schreckenberg, T. Pitz, T. Chmura, and J. Wahle Optimal Traffic States in a Cellular Automaton Model for City Traffic ............. 331

R. Barlovic, E. Brockfeld, A. Schadschneider, and M. Schreckenberg Traffic Flow Analysis Based on Multiagent ....................................................... 337

H. Tsunashima, Y Nishi, T. Honjyo, and T. Sakai Traffic Forecast Using a Combination of On-Line Simulation and Traffic Data .................................................................................................. 345

R. Chrobok, A. Pottmeier, J. Wahle, and M. Schreckenberg On-Ramp Control ................................................................................................ 351

D. Huang The Influence of Tollbooths on Highway Traffic ............................................... 357

D. Huang and W. Huang

Networks / Internet

Packet Transport and Load Distribution in Scale-Free Networks ....................... 365 K.-J. Goh, B. Kahng, and D. Kim

Phase Transition of Three-Directional Traffic-Flow in 2D Network .................. 377 Y Honda

Analysis of Minimal Model ofIntemet Traffic ................................................... 389 K. Fukuda, M. Takayasu, and H. Takayasu

Microscopic Modeling of Packet Transport in the Internet ................................. 401 T. Huisinga, R. Barlovic, W. Knospe, A. Schadschneider, and M. Schreckenberg

XII Contents

Granular

Avalanches and Flow Dynamics of a Collapsing Granular Pile ......................... 409 L. C Jia, P. -Y. Lai, and CK. Chan

Note on a Micropolar Gas-Kinetic Theory .......................................................... 421 H. Hayakawa

Dynamics and Structure of Granular Flow Through a Vertical Pipe .................. 437 0. Moriyama, N. Kuroiwa, T. Isoda, T. Arai, S. Tateda, Y. Yamazaki, and M. Matsushita

Asymmetric Random Average Process: Aggregation and Fragmentation on Continuous State Space .................................................................................. 449

F. Zielen and A. Schadschneider Shape Segregation for Bidisperse Mixtures of Ellipses in Two Dimensions ............................................................................................. 455

H.-G. Matuttis, N. Ito, and H. Watanabe Bifurcations of a Driven Granular System under Gravity ................................... 461

M. Isobe Simulation of the Impact of an Elastic Disk. ....................................................... 467

H. Kuninaka and H. Hayakawa Granular Flow in Vertical Pipes: Transition from Dilute to Dense ..................... 473

M. Hou, W. Chen, T. Zhang, and K. Lu Spatial Structure of lIfNoise in Granular Flow Through a Pipe ........................ 479

A. Nakahara and M. Nakahara Collisional Granular Flow on a Rough Slope and its Instability ......................... 485

N. Mitarai, H. Nakanishi, and H. Hayakawa The Nature of Occurrence of Queued Flow at Capacity Bottleneck of Ordinary Section ............................................................................................. 491

T. Oguchi

Pedestrian Dynamics

Bionics-Inspired Cellular Automaton Model for Pedestrian Dynamics .............. 499 A. Schadschneider

Critical Discussion of "Synchronized Flow", Simulation of Pedestrian Evacuation, and Optimization of Production Processes ...................................... 511

D. Helbing, I.J. Farkas, D. Fasold, M. Treiber, and T. Vicsek Cellular Automaton Simulations of Pedestrian Dynamics and Evacuation Processes ................................................................................... 531

A. Kirchner and A. Schadschneider Modeling Pedestrians and Granular Flow in 2-Dimensional Optimal Velocity Models .................................................................................... 537

Y. Sugiyama, A. Nakayama, and K. Hasebe

Contents XIII

Evacuation Analysis of Ship by Multi-Agent Simulation Using Model of Group Psychology ............................................................................... 543

M Katuhara, H. Matsukura, and S. Ota Comparison of an Evacuation Exercise in a Primary School to Simulation Results .............................................................................................. 549

H. Klilpfel, T. Meyer-Konig, and M Schreckenberg Simulations of Evacuation Using Small World Network .................................... 555

N. Ohi, M Ikai, and K. Nishinari

Biology

Oscillation Patterns in Cytoplasmic Networks of the Physarum Plasmodium ......................................................................................................... 563

H. Yamada and T. Nakagaki Jamming Bacterial Traffic: Bioconvection ......................................................... 569

J.M Jimosi, A. Czir6k, D. Silhavy, and A. Holczinger Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Lubricating Films ....................................... 575

T. Murakami, S. Yukawa, and N. Ito

List of Participants

1. Masako Bando, Aichi University, Miyoshi-cho Kurozasa, Aichi-ken Nishi­kamo-gun, 470-0796, Japan, bando@vega.aichi-u.ac.jp

2. Yih-Yuh Chen, Physics Department, National Taiwan University, NO.1, Sec­tion 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China, yychen@phys.ntu.edu.tw

3. Stuart Clement, Transport System Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, stuart.clement@unisa.edu.au

4. Cesim Demir, DaimlerChrysler AG, Calwer Strafie, 71059 Sindelfmgen, Germany, cesim.demir@daimlerchrysler.com

5. Kensuke Fukuda, NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, 3-9-11, midori-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8585, Japan, fukuda@t.onlab.ntt.co.jp

6. Minoru Fukui, Nakanihon Automotive College, Fukagaya, Sakahogi-cho, Gifu-ken, 505-0077, Japan, fukui3@cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp

7. Tamaki Fukui, Aichi University, Miyoshi-cho Kurozasa, Aichi-ken Nishi­kamo-gun, 470-0796, Japan

8. Katsuya Hasebe, Aichi University, Miyoshi-cho Kurozasa, Aichi-ken Nishi­kamo-gun, 470-0796, Japan, hasebe@vega.aichi-u.ac.jp

9. Mami Hashizume, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3-4-1, Sinjukuku Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan, g9810613@mn.waseda.ac.jp

10. Shlomo Havlin, Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Han Univer­sity, 52900 Rarnat-Gan, Israel, havlin@ophir.ph.biu.ac.il

11. Hisao Hayakawa, Graduate School ofHurnan and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan, hisao@yuragi.jinkan.kyoto-u.ac.jp

12. Dirk Helbing, Institute for Economics and Traffic, Dresden University of Technology, Andreas-Schubert-Str. 23, 01062 Dresden, Germany, helbing@rcs.urz.tu-dresden.de

13. Ralf Guido Herrtwich, Director Telernatics Research, DaimlerChrysler AG, FT3/T, Alt Moabit 96a, 10559 Berlin, Germany, ralf.herrtwich@daimlerchrysler.com

14. Yosuke Hirata, Toshiba Corporation, 4-1 Ukishirna-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Ka­wasaki, 210-0826, Japan, yosuke.hirata@toshiba.co.jp

15. Atsushi Honda, Ryukoku University, Misoratyo 2-13-105, Ootsu­shi/Shigaken, 520-0223, Japan, atsushi@bird.rnath.ryukoku.ac.jp

16. Yasushi Honda, Departement Computer Science and System Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan, honda@csse.muroran-it.ac.jp

17. Takashi Honjyo, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izurni-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan, cOI260@cit.nihon-u.ac.jp

18. Meiying Hou, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8, Zhong­Guan-Cun South third Street, Beijing, 100080, China, rnayhou@aphy.iphy.ac.cn

XVI List of Participants

19. Ding-wei Huang, Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Ii, 32023, Taiwan, dwhuang@Phys.cycu.edu.tw

20. Torsten Huisinga, Physics of Transport and Traffic, Gerhard-Mercator­University Duisburg, Lotharstr. 1,47048 Duisburg, Germany, huisinga@traffic.uni-duisburg.de

21. Miho lkai, Ryukoku University, 2-22-17 nomura, Kusatsu Shiga, 525-0027, Japan, t980006q@ryukoku.seikyou.ne.jp

22. Teruko Ikegami, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1 Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 471-8571, Japan, teru@mail.toyota.co.jp

23. Shuuichi Ikeno, Japan Highway P.C., 2-18-19, Nishiki, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0003, Japan, Shuuichi.Ikeno@jhnet.go.jp

24. Yoshihiro Ishibasi, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute-Katahira 9, Naga­kute-cho, Aichi Prefecture, 480-1197, Japan, yishi@asu.aasa.ac.jp

25. Masaharu Isobe, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Ja­pan, isobe@cphys.s.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

26. Yoshito Itoh, CIRSE, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan

27. Imre M. Janosi, Department of Physics of Com pIe x Systems, Eotvos Univer­sity, Pazmany Peter setany 1, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary, janosi@lecso.elte.hu

28. Byungnam Kahng, School of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea, kahng@Phya.snu.ac.kr

29. Takahisa Kajimoto, Ryukoku University, 1-16-5 Akanedai, Haibaratyou Udagun Nara, 633-0256, Japan, tOOm002y@ryukoku.seikyou.ne.jp

30. Makoto Kanagawa, SANYO Electric Co. Ltd., 180, Ohmori, Anpachi-Cho, Anpachi-Gun, Gifu, 503-195, Japan, kana@gf.hm.rd.sanyo.co.jp

31. Mitujirou Katuhara, National Maritime Research Institute, Shinkawa, 6-38-1, Mitaka City, 181-0004, Japan, kat@srimot.go.jp

32. Boris S. Kerner, Research Institute, DairnlerChrysler AG, E224, 70546 Stutt­gart, Germany, boris.kemer@dairnlerchrysler.com

33. Macoto Kikuchi, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan, kikuchi@phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp

34. Doochul Kim, Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea, dkim@phya.snu.ac.kr

35. Ansgar Kirchner, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Ziilpicher Str. 77, 50937 K6ln, Germany, aki@thp.uni-koeln.de

36. Hubert Kliipfel, Physics of Transport and Traffic, Gerhard-Mercator­University Duisburg, Lotharstr. 1,47048 Duisburg, Germany, kluepfel@traffic.uni-duisburg.de

37. Masaki Koshi, Department of Transportation Engineering and Socio­Technology, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Narashi­nodai, Hunabashi, 274-8501, Japan, koshi@trpt.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp

38. Paul L. Krapivsky, Center for Polymer studies and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA, paulk@sid.bu.edu

39. Hiroshi Kumon, NBC, 1-14-1308, Koyo-cho Naka, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0032, Japan, hkumon@nbcom.co.jp

List of Participants XVII

40. Hiroto Kuninaka, Kyoto University, YoshidaNihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto city, 606-8501, Japan, kuninaka@yuragi.jinkan.kyoto-u.ac.jp

41. Itigoro Kuroki, Beingcorp inc, Higasisakura2, Nagoya-si Higasi-ku, 461-0005, Japan, kuroki@beingcorp.co.jp

42. Pik-Yin Lai, Department of Physics, National Central University, Chung-Li, 320, Taiwan, R.O.C., pylai@phy.ncu.edu.tw

43. Hyun Keun Lee, School of Physics, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea, hklee@phya.snu.ac.kr

44. Hyun-Woo Lee, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 207-43 Cheongryangri­dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-012, Korea, hwlee@kias.re.kr

45. Masanori Mano, Japan Highway P.e., 2-18-19, Nishiki, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0003, Japan

46. Mitsugu Matsushita, Department of Physics, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan, matusita@phys.chuo-u.ac.jp

47. Hans-Georg Matuttis, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineer­ing, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8565, Ja­pan, ha@acolyte.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

48. Hisashi Mitani, Fukuoka University of Education, 729 Akama, Munaka-city, Fukuoka, 811-4192, Japan, mitanih@fukuoka-edu.ac.jp

49. Namiko Mitarai, Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hako­zaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan, namiko@stat.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp

50. Masayo Miyano, Ryukoku University, 2-5-5 Nagayoshi Nagahara Hirano-ku, Osaka, 547-0016, Japan, mamiyano@ryukoku.seikyou.ne.jp

51. Teruyoshi Murakami, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138656, Japan, murakami@acolyte.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

52. Takashi Nagatani, College of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan, tmtnaga@epc.shizuoka.ac.jp

53. Kai Nagel, Institute of Scientific Computing, ETH Zentrum / D-INFK, 8092 ZUrich, Switzerland, nagel@in£ethz.ch

54. Masahide Nakae, Ryukoku University, 10-1 nishihongoutyouhigashi, oumihachimanshi shiga, 523-0818, Japan, t980088i@ryukoku.seikyou.ne.jp

55. Midori Nakahara, Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, I-I­I Ten-noudai, Tsukuba/Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan, nakahara@kf6.so-net.ne.jp

56.Akio Nakahara, Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon Univer­sity, 7-24-1, Narashino-dai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8501, Japan, nakahara@phys.ge.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp

57. Kenichi Nakanishi, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 1515, Kami­hama-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan, nakanisi@bio.mie-u.ac.jp

58. Akihiro Nakayama, Gifu Keizai University, Kitakata-cho 5-50, Ohgaki, Gifu, 503-8550, Japan, g44153g@cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp

59. Shoichiro Nakayama, Kanazawa University, 2-40-20 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 920-8667, Japan, snakayama@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

60. Takao Namiki, Division of Mathematics, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nisi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan, nami@math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp

XVIII List of Participants

61. Takayuki Nishi, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3-4-1, Sinjukuku Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan, takayuki@mpdt.math.waseda.ac.jp

62. Yasukazu Nishi, Nihon University, 1-2-1, Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, 275-8575, Chiba, Japan, tetsu@me.cit.nihon-u.ac.jp

63. Katsuhiro Nishinari, Ryukoku University, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Ja­pan, knishi@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp

64. Shizuka Nishiura, Ryukoku University, 1-5 setaohetyouyokotani, Ohtsu, 5202194, Japan, t01m003j@ryukoku.seikyou.ne.jp

65. Yoshikazu Noguchi, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1 Toyota-cho, Toyota city, Aichi Pref., 471-8571, Japan, ynoguchi@mail.toyota.co.jp

66. Takashi Oguchi, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Civil Engi­neering, Minarniosawa 1-1, Hachiouji, 192-0397, Japan, oguchi­takashi@c.metro-u.ac.jp

67. Noriko Ohi, Ryukoku University, 2-324-15 Kunirnityou, Narashi Saidaiji Nara, 631-0823, Japan, ohi@pearl.ocn.ne.jp

68. Toru Ohira, Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan, ohira@csl.sony.co.jp

69. Hirokazu Oikawa, Nakanihon Automotive College, Fukagaya, Sakahogi-cho, Gifu-ken, 505-0077, Japan, oikawa@nakanihon.ac.jp

70. Akiko Okumura, Saga University, Onimaru 9-5, Saga, 840-0021, Japan, akiko@ai.is.saga-u.ac.jp

71. Haruo Ozaki, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Toyo University, Ka­wagoe, 350-8585, Japan, ozaki@eng.toyo.ac.jp

72. Andreas Pottmeier, Physics of Transport and Traffic, Gerhard-Mercator­University Duisburg, Lotharstr. 1,47048 Duisburg, Germany, pottmeier@traffic.uni-duisburg.de

73. Akihiro Sasoh, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan, sasoh@ifs.tohoku.ac.jp

74. Shiro Sawada, Takuma National College of Technology, 551 Kohda, Mitoyo, Kagawa, 769-1192, Japan, sawada@dttakuma-ct.ac.jp

75. Andreas Schadschneider, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Co­logne, Ziilpicher Str. 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany, as@thp.uni-koeln.de

76. Michael Schreckenberg, Physics of Transport and Traffic, Gerhard-Mercator­University Duisburg, Lotharstr. 1,47048 Duisburg, Germany, schreckenberg@uni-duisburg.de

77. Akihiro Shibata, Computing Research Center, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan, akihiro.shibata@kek.jp

78. Takahiro Shiga, Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc., 41-1, Yokornichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan, t-shiga@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp

79. Yuki Sugiyama, Division of Mathematical Science, City College ofMie, Ishinden Nakano 157, Tsu, Mie, 514-0112, Japan, genbey@eken.phys.nagoya­u.ac.jp

80. Shin-ichi Tadaki, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan, tadaki@cc.saga-u.ac.jp

81. Daisuke Takahashi, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan, daisuke@rnse.waseda.ac.jp

List of Participants XIX

82. Misako Takayasu, Future University - Hakodate, 116-2 Kameda-nakano-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8655, Japan, takayasu@fun.ac.jp

83. Ki-Wing To, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ericto@gate.sinica.edu.tw

84. Elad Tomer, Bar-l1an University, Rarnat-Gan, 52900, Israel, tomer@a1on.cc.biu.ac.i1

85. Sadayuki Tsugawa, ITS Research Group, AIST, Namiki 1-2-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-8564, Japan, tsugawa.s@aist.go.jp

86. Hitoshi Tsunashima, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan, tsuna@me.cit.nihon-u.ac.jp

87. Motohiro Usami, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3-4-1, Sinjukuku Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan, usami@gm.rnath.waseda.ac.jp

88. Bing-Hong Wang, Department of Modem Physics and Nonlinear Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China, bhwang@ustc.edu.cn

89. Eddie Wilson, University of Bristol, Department of Engineering Maths, Queens Building, Bristol, BS8 1 TR, United Kingdom, RE.Wilson@bristol.ac.uk

90. Dietrich E. Wolf, Department of Physics, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duis­burg, Lotharstr. 1,47048 Duisburg, Germany, wolf@comphys.uni-duisburg.de

91. Hiroyasu Yamada, Haruki-dai 5-1-2, Togo-cho, 470-0161, Japan, hyarnada@allegro.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp

92. Koichi Yamawaki, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan

93. Taturu Yosida, NakanihonAutomotive College, Fukagaya, Sakahogi-cho, Kamo-gun, Gifu-ken, 505-0077, Japan, yosida-t@nakanihon.ac.jp

94. Insuk Yu, Seoul National University, San 56, Sin Rim, Kwan Ak, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, isyu@snu.ac.kr

95. Satoshi Yukawa, Dept. of Appl. Phys., School of Eng., Univ. of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan, yukawa@ap.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

96. Frank Zielen, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Ztilpicher Str. 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany, fz@thp.uni-koeln.de