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Navigationshilfen in der Luftfahrt von heute und morgen

Dr. Helmut BlomenhoferThales ATM GmbH

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Inhalt

Firmenvorstellung ThalesKonventionelle NavigationshilfenEntwicklung des Luftverkehrs und notwendige MaßnahmenÜberblick „Communication, Navigation, Surveillance“ (CNS)SatellitennavigationLuftraumüberwachung mit ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast)Zusammenfassung

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Profile

Three core businessesAerospaceDefenceSecurity

A Worldwide Group68,000 employees worldwidePresence in 50 countries

World leader for mission-critical information systems

2007 outlook

More than €12bn annual revenues}

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Three core businesses

2007 outlook

Aerospace Security

Air LandNavalJoint

50 %

25 %25 %

Defence

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Main country headcounts

France: 35,200USA: 2,900

Australia: 3,300

Others: Saudi Arabia: 530 / South Africa: 330 / China: 300 / Switzerland: 280 / Norway: 227 / Austria: 170 / Singapore: 170 / Portugal: 160 / Poland: 110

Canada: 1,100UK: 8,800

Germany: 6,200

Spain: 2,600

Korea: 1,300

Netherlands: 2,000

Italy: 2,600

Belgium: 1,000

> 1,000 people

South America: 600

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Innovation and technological excellence

R&D at Thales totals €2.2bn (18% of revenues)25,000 researchers on cutting-edge technologies300 inventions per yearOver 15,000 patentsOver 30 cooperation agreements with universities and publicresearch laboratories in Europe, the United States and Asia

Copyright © Nobel Web AB 2007Photo: Hans Mehlin

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Aerospace

CapabilitiesAeronautical equipmentMission electronics for combat aircraftAirborne surveillance and mission systems

Main customersAir forces, aircraft manufacturers (AgustaWestland, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Dassault, Embraer, Eurocopter, Sikorsky, Sukhoi, etc.),airlines

Onboard all major civil and military aerospaceprogrammes.

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Air Traffic Management fast facts

In the world, 1 in every 2 airplanes is brought to the ground safely thanks to Thales’ air traffic management systems or equipment,

Each week, 1 new Thales air traffic management radar is installed in the world,

Today, more than 100 Thales secondary radars Mode S are in service in the world,

Thales has 260 air traffic management systems EUROCAT installed in the world,

More than 100 Flight Information Regions (FIR) are controlled thanks to our EUROCAT installed systems,

Thales is trusted by 180 nations.

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NAS provides all conventional and satellite based navigation and landing systems :

Instrument Landing Systems, Microwave Landing Systems,En-route navigation aids for civil usage,Tactical air navigation systems for military usage,Ground based Automatic Dependent Surveillance, Broadcast equipment (ADS-B Systems),Remote Monitoring & Maintenance,Systems to support satellite navigation.

NAS is also involved in solutions to improve safety and efficiency of airport surface traffic.

Navigation and Airport Solutions

With 10 000 navigation aids and landing systems in 180 countries, we are leading the Navaids market.

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Thales Deutschland: Qualifizierte Arbeitsplätze

12 Standorte mit 6.200 Beschäftigten

Zentrale

Entwicklung / Produktion

Services

Joint Ventures

Pforzheim: 395

Kiel: 119Wilhelmshaven: 127

Stuttgart: 999Arnstadt: 383

Ulm: 435

Koblenz: 157

Berlin: 198

Stand: 1/2009Standorte mit mehr als 100 Beschäftigten.

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1880-1931

1958

1987

1988

2001

Foundation of the world’s major Navaids companies

Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG/ SEL AG (Merger of C. Lorenz AG and

Standard Elektrik AG)

WILCOX Electric acquired byThomson-CSF

SEL AG taken over by Alcatel:SEL AG and Industrie FACE

Standard become ALCATEL entities

Thomson-CSF takes a new name: Thales

Airsys ATM becomes Thales ATM

1932 C. Lorenztaken over by ITT

1994Concentration of navaids activities

of Alcatel SEL and Alcatel Italia: Alcatel Air Navigation Systems

1997Strategic concentration of navaids activities of

Thomson-CSF, Alcatel and Wilcox under Airsys ATM

Acquisition of Racal Avionics Ltd

2000

Thales ATM History

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Die Mission von Thales ATM Deutschland

ILS-GP

MAGS

DVOR/TACANNDB

Marker

GBAS

Solar-powered VOR

ILS-LOC

MLS

ILS-GP

DME

DVOR

DF TRC

Fully dedicated to Navaids ...Herausforderung: Bewältigung des Übergangs von

konventionellen zu Satelliten basierten Navigationssystemen

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Landing Systems

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ILS ensures smooth and safe landing from initial approach through to touchdown and roll-out

ILS allows for more fuel-efficient landings

Proven Cat. III landing experience –Thales has supplied more than 70 % of Instrument Landing Systems worldwide certified for Cat. II and III operations

ILS 420 Cat. I/II/III Instrument Landing SystemPrecision guidance information to landing aircraft

Instrument Landing Systems

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A Milestone for Navaids

The MLS 480 Microwave Landing System is a precision landing aid for civil and military applications.

MLS can supplement or be an alternative to ILS.

MLS 480 Azimuth (AZ) Station integrated into localizer

MLS 480 Elevation (EL) Station near Glide Path

Microwave Landing Systems

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London Heathrow Airport:

Capacity improvement programme with 4 MLS operational since 2007

CAT IIIB Certification achieved in March 2009

Microwave Landing Systems

http://www.flugrevue.de/de/zivilluftfahrt/airports/british-airways-fuehrt-mikrowellen-landesystem-in-heathrow-ein.9049.htm

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Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range

Provides enroute aircraft with azimuth direction to fixed ground reference point

VOR

431

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CVOR 431 / DVOR 432The standard short-range navigation aid installed at airports and en-route locations providing the pilot with azimuth information.

En-Route Navigation Systems

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DME 435 - Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) for En-Route navigation

Expertise from four generations with more than 3000 systems sold

Simultaneous handling of over 200 aircraftinterrogatorsEither as stand-alone or easy collocation with VOR Extremely accurate but simple to maintainHighly automatedReduced sensitivity to multipath effectsLow total cost of ownership

En-Route Navigation Systems

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TACAN – Ground Beacon AN 453TACAN is a proven medium-range navigation aid primarily used by military aircraft for en-route and approach navigation. The system provides the pilot with bearing as well as distance information.

Military En-Route Navigation Systems

VORTAC TGO (TANGO, Germany) in d. Nähe von Aichtal, Germany. VORTACs sind eine Kombination ausVOR-DME und TACAN.

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NDB 436 - Non Directional BeaconThe NDB provides bearing information for en-route and airport operations. NDB can also serve as a backup to VOR or satellite navigation systems.

Low cost navigation alternativeExtensive monitoring and control from either local or remoteSelf-diagnostic routines

En-Route Navigation Systems

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Die Entwicklung des Luftverkehrs

Herausforderungen in der LuftfahrtWachstum des LuftverkehrsGestiegene Anforderungen an Safety und SecurityWirtschaftlicher DruckUmweltverträglichkeit

Notwendige Veränderungen desSystems “Luftverkehr”

Rolle und Verantwortlichkeiten derverschiedenen BeteiligtenOperationelles KonzeptStandards und RegularienCNS/ATM Infrastruktur (Communication-Navigation-Surveillance/Air Traffic Management)

EUROCONTROL DIVISION DED4 2020 DATE:04/11/97

2020 FORECASTMean IFR Flights per day

in 6’ by 10’ rectanglesFlights 150 OR MOREFlights 100 TO 150Flights 50 TO 100

TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION FORECAST ASSUMING FLIGHTS ON DIRECT ROUTES15 800 000 flights estimated - Based on STATFOR 97

CHART: DY_97_20

2025

EUROCONTROL DIVISION DED4 2000 DATE:04/11/97

2000 FORECASTMean IFR Flights per day

in 6’ by 10’ rectanglesFlights 150 OR MOREFlights 100 TO 150Flights 50 TO 100

TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION FORECAST ASSUMING FLIGHTS ON DIRECT ROUTES8 600 000 flights estimated - Based on STATFOR 97

CHART: DY_97_00

2000

2015

Source: Eurocontrol

16,1 Mio Flüge

8.4 Mio Flüge

Flüge p.h. 150 und mehrFlüge p.h. 100 bis 150Flüge p.h. 50 bis 100

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SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research)

SESAR ZieleMit SESAR wird bis 2020 die europäische ATM Infrastruktur neu ausgerichtet und ein bedarfsgerechtes ATM-Netzwerk implementiertGanzheitlicher Common Approach, „user performance requirements driven“Entwicklung und Implementierung von 2008 bis 2020 Definitionsphase mit Beteiligung aller Stakeholder liefert Grundlagen

SESAR Main Programme Activities:Operational activitiesSystem development activitiesSystem Wide Information Management“Transverse activities”

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ATM Stakeholders

UsersAirlines (passengers & cargo)

Military aviation

Business aviation

General aviation

Legal bodiesIntergovernmental organisations

National legislation

National authorities

Service providersANSPs / ATC service providers

C, N & S Infrastructure operators

AirportsStandardisation bodies

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Air and Ground Integration

Verbesserungselemente- GNSS- ADS-B

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Integrated CNS/ATM Approach

CommunicationVHF/HF radio; ACARS

VHF data link (VDL)

Mode-S, ATN, AMSS, CPDLC

Ground-Ground communication

NavigationConventional:

VOR/DME; NDB; ILS; MLS

Satellite NavigationGPS, Galileo and Augmentations

SurveillancePSR/SSR

ADS-BACAS

FANS 1/AADS-C

ICAO ATMCP:Global ATM Operational Concept

Eurocontrol: ATM 2000+

European Commission:Single European SkyFPs 5, 6; TEN-Ts

FAA: National Airspace Operational Evolution Plan

CANSO; IATA; AECMAAir Traffic AllianceSESARESA / ARTES-10 (IRIS)

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ECAC Roadmap of NAVAID Infrastructure

Quelle: Eurocontrol

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Rolle der Satellitennavigation in CNS/ATM

SatellitennavigationHeutige Nutzung: GPS für En-route bis Non-Precision Approach NavigationStarting-up:

Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS: US WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) für Anflüge mit Vertikalführung und Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) für Präzisionslandungen

Nahe Zukunft: Galileo wird die Systemleistung der Satellitennavigationweiter verbessern

Surveillance mit Hilfe von GNSS Zunehmende Nutzung von Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-B Prinzip basiert auf GPS Positions-und Zeitinformation

GPS / Galileo / SBAS

GBASGalileo Local Element

7 Fe

brua

ry, 2

008

FL300ADS-B &Radar

CourtesyAirservicesAustralia

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Satellitenpositionierung

Vorteile der SatellitenpositionierungUniverselle Systemreferenz (unabhängig von Transportarten, Transportanwendungen und administrativen Rahmenbedingungen)Hohe Genauigkeit (bis zum Meterbereich oder besser, falls nötig)Globale AbdeckungHochgenaue Zeitreferenz

Existierende und zukünftige NavigationssatellitensystemeUS NAVSTAR GPS (Global Positioning System): das einzige voll-operationelle System mit derzeit 31 Satelliten Russian GLONASS : derzeit 20 SatellitenGalileo: im AufbauChinese projects : Beidou/Compass im Aufbau…

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Added Value of Satellite Navigation

Safety Critical Positioning Services(GPS and GALILEO Integrated in a CNS/ATM Concept)

Low altitude continuous coverage (VOR/DME limited to line of sight)All Weather Landing CapabilityLanding Guidance at Regional Airports without ILS or MLSHomogenous and Continuous Global ServiceAirport Surface Movement Guidance and Control

“Gate - to- Gate” Satellite Navigation SolutionInteroperable, Global Coverage, High PrecisionSingle Navigation System for All Phases of Flight

EfficiencyTime and Fuel SavingsNoise Abatement, Parallel and Curved Approaches will be possible

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Luftfahrttechnische Empfänger

A 319/320/321A330/340Boeing 737, 777, 747

MD 82

TSO C129a, C1ARINC 743-A

TSO C129a, C1ARINC 743-A

TOPSTAR 200TOPSTAR 200

MMR (TOPSTAR 2020)MMR (TOPSTAR 2020)

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Regional Augmentation System of GPS/GLONASS Constellations

Regional Augmentation System of GPS/GLONASS Constellations

SBAS/EGNOS

Ziele:Flächennavigation und

vertikale Anflugführung

Signalintegrität

Verbesserung derGenauigkeit

Status :Operationell für nicht-sicherheitskritische Anwendungen

Betrieb für sicherheits-kritische Anwendungen voraussichtlich ab 2010

EGNOS is the 1st Step for Galileo

Ranging&IntegrityMonitoringStation Network

GLONASS24 Satellites

GPS24 Satellites

GEOSpace

Segment

NavigationLandEarthStation

MasterControlCenter

(European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service)

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Galileo FOC Gesamtsystemüberblick

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Enabled by Galileo

Open ServiceGalileo adds Additional Signals

Safety of Life ServiceGalileo offers Integrity

Commercial ServiceAuthentication & Guarantees

Public Regulated ServiceSignal Robustness

Search and RescueRapid Response & Notification

Intelligent Transport Systems Driven User Services

Source: GSA

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Robuste Satellitennavigation mit GPS/EGNOS und Galileo

Source: ICAO GNSS-Panel No. 4, April 2003, WP17

GPS L1

L1 - Loss

For Comparison:Situation of today

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GBAS Präzisionslandesysteme

Höchste Anforderungen für Präzisions-landesysteme bei

GenauigkeitKontinuitätIntegritätVerfügbarkeit

GBAS bietetHöhere Genauigkeit als ILS (Instrumenten-landesysteme)Erfüllt erforderliche Sicherheitsstandards Mehr KapazitätUmweltverträglichkeit

LocalLocalAugmentation SystemsAugmentation Systems--Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)

--GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)

GNSS

DGRS

TowerControl

GMS

PseudoliteGMS

Airport Network

LocalGBAS Präzisionslandesysteme

Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)

GNSS

DGRS

TowerControl

GMS

Airport Network

LocalLocalAugmentation SystemsAugmentation Systems--Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)

--GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)

GNSS

DGRS

TowerControl

GMS

PseudoliteGMS

Airport Network

LocalGBAS Präzisionslandesysteme

Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)

GNSS

DGRS

TowerControl

GMS

Airport Network

Satelliten basierte Präzisionslandesysteme werden zunehmend Instrumentenlandesysteme ergänzen und später ersetzen.

ICAO Term: Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS)

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Automatic Dependent Surveillance –

Broadcast (ADS-B)

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Basic ADS-B Terms and Applications

ADS-B Ground Stations

ADS-B Avionics

ADS-B Avionics

ADS-B OUT:Avionics broadcasts ADS-B Messages, e.g. Identity, Position, Intent, etc.Precondition for any ADS-B application, e.g. radar-like surveillance

ADS-B IN:Avionics receives other aircrafts´ADS-B OUT messagesRequired for air-to-air applications, e.g. improved situation awareness, airborne separation assurance, etc.

Air Surveillance Applications (ASA)

Ground Surveillance Applications (GSA)

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Data SourceTransponder

Position, Velocity Vector, Identity, etc.Update Rate: 2 Hz Position+ Velocity, 0.2 Hz Identity

ATM System 1

Autonomous Ground Station

AsterixCat 021Output

Data SourceTransponder

Data SourceMosquito

Air to AirApplications

Air to GroundApplications

AsterixCat 021OutputADS-B Network

ATM System 2

Data SourceTransponderData SourceTransponder

Position, Velocity Vector, Identity, etc.Update Rate: 2 Hz Position+ Velocity, 0.2 Hz Identity

ATM System 1

Autonomous Ground Station

AsterixCat 021Output

Data SourceTransponderData SourceTransponder

Data SourceMosquito

Data SourceMosquito

Air to AirApplications

Air to GroundApplications

AsterixCat 021OutputADS-B Network

ATM System 2

Air Traffic Surveillance Using ADS-B

Automatic, periodic broadcast of existing onboard data, e.g. position, velocity, Identifier, altitude and destination. Reception of broadcast ADS-B data from other aircraft to provide situational awareness to thepilotReception of broadcast ADS-B data from ADS-B Ground Stations to provide situationalawareness about the complete air traffic within the covered region to Air Traffic Control.

ADS-B complements Radar SurveillanceICAO Term: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)

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VHF Data Link Mode 4(VDL-4)

• Multi-Channel

• 108 - 137 MHz

• Timeslot Access

• Variable ADS-Breporting Rate

• New System

• ICAO Standards exist

• Test Equipment

Universal Access Transceiver

(UAT)

• Single Channel

• 978 MHz (Cont. US)

• Timeslot Access

• Fixed ADS-Breporting Rate

• New System

• No ICAO Standards

• Test Equipment

Three Candidate ADS-B Data Link Technologies

1090 MHz Mode SExtended Squitter

(1090 ES)

• Single Channel

• 1090 MHz

• Random Access

• Fixed ADS-Breporting Rate

• Extension to existing SSR Mode S

• ICAO Standards exist (Annex 10)

• Mandatory Equipment

Link Decision by ICAO:The ADS-B data link on global scale is 1090 ES. UAT and VDL-4 will be used on regional basis.

Required Avionics: Mode S Transponder, Position Source (e.g. GPS)

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FL300Radar

Procedural ATC in non-Radar Airspace

Many VHF outlets available

- buildings, power, maintenance, links to ATC

Courtesy Airservices Australia

Air Services Australia - Upper Airspace Program Current ATC Radar Surveillance Coverage

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FL300ADS-B &

Radar

Courtesy Airservices Australia

Air Services Australia - Upper Airspace Program ADS-B + Radar Coverage

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US Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) Programm

Nationsweite Bedeckung des US Luftraums mit ADS-B Bodenstationen(Radios) als ersatz für eine Ebene von Sekundären BodenradarenKompletter Luftraum inklusive Flugplätze und TMAsAlle Bodenstationen mit dualen Radios ausgestattet:

1090 ES (Mode S, 1090 MHz) – für die kommerzielle LuftfahrtUniversal Access Transceiver (UAT, 978 MHz) – für die Allgemeine Luftfahrt

Kritische und essentielle Dienste Kritisch: Automatic Dependent Surveilance Broadcast (ADS-B)Kritisch: ADS-B Rebroadcast (ADS-R)

TX von UAT ADS-B via 1090 ES und vice versaEssentiell: Traffic Information Service Broadcast (TIS-B)

Uplink von anderen, validierten surveillance Daten (Radar) als ADS-B lookalikeEssentiell Flight Information Broadcast (FIS-B) (nur UAT)

Uplink von Wetter, Anflug, aktiver Landebahn, etc.

Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) ist Bestandteil des US Next Generation Air Traffic Control System (NGATS)

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Planned ADS-B Coverage of US Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) Programme

Source: FAA website

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SchlußbemerkungenSatellite Navigation

Beachtliches Potential zur Bereitstellung der notwendigen Navigationsleistung in einem integrierten CNS/ATM KonzeptGalileo wird wesentlicher Bestandteil in integriertem CNS/ATM Konzept Die Vorteile der Interoperabilität von GPS & Galileo sind bessere Navigations-Sicherheit, -Leistung und Service Levels

ADS-B Surveillance ImplementierungADS-B erfolgreich in Australien implementiertADS-B ist Bestandteil des US Next Generation Air Traffic Management Systems; Der Aufbau ist im Gang ADS-B startet weltweit

Effizienzsteigerung im Flugverkehr mit Satellitennavigation und ADS-B Surveillance

Zeit und Treibstoffeinsparung durch Direct RoutingsReduktion der EmissionenEffizientere Nutzung des Luftraums

Der Übergang von konventionellen zu Satelliten basierten Navigations-, Lande- und Surveillance Systemen hat begonnen.

Thank you for your attention