1
Navigationshilfen in der Luftfahrt von heute und morgen
Dr. Helmut BlomenhoferThales ATM GmbH
2
Inhalt
Firmenvorstellung ThalesKonventionelle NavigationshilfenEntwicklung des Luftverkehrs und notwendige MaßnahmenÜberblick „Communication, Navigation, Surveillance“ (CNS)SatellitennavigationLuftraumüberwachung mit ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast)Zusammenfassung
2
3
Profile
Three core businessesAerospaceDefenceSecurity
A Worldwide Group68,000 employees worldwidePresence in 50 countries
World leader for mission-critical information systems
2007 outlook
More than €12bn annual revenues}
4
Three core businesses
2007 outlook
Aerospace Security
Air LandNavalJoint
50 %
25 %25 %
Defence
3
5
Main country headcounts
France: 35,200USA: 2,900
Australia: 3,300
Others: Saudi Arabia: 530 / South Africa: 330 / China: 300 / Switzerland: 280 / Norway: 227 / Austria: 170 / Singapore: 170 / Portugal: 160 / Poland: 110
Canada: 1,100UK: 8,800
Germany: 6,200
Spain: 2,600
Korea: 1,300
Netherlands: 2,000
Italy: 2,600
Belgium: 1,000
> 1,000 people
South America: 600
6
Innovation and technological excellence
R&D at Thales totals €2.2bn (18% of revenues)25,000 researchers on cutting-edge technologies300 inventions per yearOver 15,000 patentsOver 30 cooperation agreements with universities and publicresearch laboratories in Europe, the United States and Asia
Copyright © Nobel Web AB 2007Photo: Hans Mehlin
4
7
Aerospace
CapabilitiesAeronautical equipmentMission electronics for combat aircraftAirborne surveillance and mission systems
Main customersAir forces, aircraft manufacturers (AgustaWestland, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Dassault, Embraer, Eurocopter, Sikorsky, Sukhoi, etc.),airlines
Onboard all major civil and military aerospaceprogrammes.
8
Air Traffic Management fast facts
In the world, 1 in every 2 airplanes is brought to the ground safely thanks to Thales’ air traffic management systems or equipment,
Each week, 1 new Thales air traffic management radar is installed in the world,
Today, more than 100 Thales secondary radars Mode S are in service in the world,
Thales has 260 air traffic management systems EUROCAT installed in the world,
More than 100 Flight Information Regions (FIR) are controlled thanks to our EUROCAT installed systems,
Thales is trusted by 180 nations.
5
9
NAS provides all conventional and satellite based navigation and landing systems :
Instrument Landing Systems, Microwave Landing Systems,En-route navigation aids for civil usage,Tactical air navigation systems for military usage,Ground based Automatic Dependent Surveillance, Broadcast equipment (ADS-B Systems),Remote Monitoring & Maintenance,Systems to support satellite navigation.
NAS is also involved in solutions to improve safety and efficiency of airport surface traffic.
Navigation and Airport Solutions
With 10 000 navigation aids and landing systems in 180 countries, we are leading the Navaids market.
10
Thales Deutschland: Qualifizierte Arbeitsplätze
12 Standorte mit 6.200 Beschäftigten
Zentrale
Entwicklung / Produktion
Services
Joint Ventures
Pforzheim: 395
Kiel: 119Wilhelmshaven: 127
Stuttgart: 999Arnstadt: 383
Ulm: 435
Koblenz: 157
Berlin: 198
Stand: 1/2009Standorte mit mehr als 100 Beschäftigten.
6
11
1880-1931
1958
1987
1988
2001
Foundation of the world’s major Navaids companies
Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG/ SEL AG (Merger of C. Lorenz AG and
Standard Elektrik AG)
WILCOX Electric acquired byThomson-CSF
SEL AG taken over by Alcatel:SEL AG and Industrie FACE
Standard become ALCATEL entities
Thomson-CSF takes a new name: Thales
Airsys ATM becomes Thales ATM
1932 C. Lorenztaken over by ITT
1994Concentration of navaids activities
of Alcatel SEL and Alcatel Italia: Alcatel Air Navigation Systems
1997Strategic concentration of navaids activities of
Thomson-CSF, Alcatel and Wilcox under Airsys ATM
Acquisition of Racal Avionics Ltd
2000
Thales ATM History
12
Die Mission von Thales ATM Deutschland
ILS-GP
MAGS
DVOR/TACANNDB
Marker
GBAS
Solar-powered VOR
ILS-LOC
MLS
ILS-GP
DME
DVOR
DF TRC
Fully dedicated to Navaids ...Herausforderung: Bewältigung des Übergangs von
konventionellen zu Satelliten basierten Navigationssystemen
7
13
Landing Systems
14
ILS ensures smooth and safe landing from initial approach through to touchdown and roll-out
ILS allows for more fuel-efficient landings
Proven Cat. III landing experience –Thales has supplied more than 70 % of Instrument Landing Systems worldwide certified for Cat. II and III operations
ILS 420 Cat. I/II/III Instrument Landing SystemPrecision guidance information to landing aircraft
Instrument Landing Systems
8
15
A Milestone for Navaids
The MLS 480 Microwave Landing System is a precision landing aid for civil and military applications.
MLS can supplement or be an alternative to ILS.
MLS 480 Azimuth (AZ) Station integrated into localizer
MLS 480 Elevation (EL) Station near Glide Path
Microwave Landing Systems
16
London Heathrow Airport:
Capacity improvement programme with 4 MLS operational since 2007
CAT IIIB Certification achieved in March 2009
Microwave Landing Systems
http://www.flugrevue.de/de/zivilluftfahrt/airports/british-airways-fuehrt-mikrowellen-landesystem-in-heathrow-ein.9049.htm
9
17
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range
Provides enroute aircraft with azimuth direction to fixed ground reference point
VOR
431
18
CVOR 431 / DVOR 432The standard short-range navigation aid installed at airports and en-route locations providing the pilot with azimuth information.
En-Route Navigation Systems
10
19
DME 435 - Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) for En-Route navigation
Expertise from four generations with more than 3000 systems sold
Simultaneous handling of over 200 aircraftinterrogatorsEither as stand-alone or easy collocation with VOR Extremely accurate but simple to maintainHighly automatedReduced sensitivity to multipath effectsLow total cost of ownership
En-Route Navigation Systems
20
TACAN – Ground Beacon AN 453TACAN is a proven medium-range navigation aid primarily used by military aircraft for en-route and approach navigation. The system provides the pilot with bearing as well as distance information.
Military En-Route Navigation Systems
VORTAC TGO (TANGO, Germany) in d. Nähe von Aichtal, Germany. VORTACs sind eine Kombination ausVOR-DME und TACAN.
11
21
NDB 436 - Non Directional BeaconThe NDB provides bearing information for en-route and airport operations. NDB can also serve as a backup to VOR or satellite navigation systems.
Low cost navigation alternativeExtensive monitoring and control from either local or remoteSelf-diagnostic routines
En-Route Navigation Systems
22
Die Entwicklung des Luftverkehrs
Herausforderungen in der LuftfahrtWachstum des LuftverkehrsGestiegene Anforderungen an Safety und SecurityWirtschaftlicher DruckUmweltverträglichkeit
Notwendige Veränderungen desSystems “Luftverkehr”
Rolle und Verantwortlichkeiten derverschiedenen BeteiligtenOperationelles KonzeptStandards und RegularienCNS/ATM Infrastruktur (Communication-Navigation-Surveillance/Air Traffic Management)
EUROCONTROL DIVISION DED4 2020 DATE:04/11/97
2020 FORECASTMean IFR Flights per day
in 6’ by 10’ rectanglesFlights 150 OR MOREFlights 100 TO 150Flights 50 TO 100
TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION FORECAST ASSUMING FLIGHTS ON DIRECT ROUTES15 800 000 flights estimated - Based on STATFOR 97
CHART: DY_97_20
2025
EUROCONTROL DIVISION DED4 2000 DATE:04/11/97
2000 FORECASTMean IFR Flights per day
in 6’ by 10’ rectanglesFlights 150 OR MOREFlights 100 TO 150Flights 50 TO 100
TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION FORECAST ASSUMING FLIGHTS ON DIRECT ROUTES8 600 000 flights estimated - Based on STATFOR 97
CHART: DY_97_00
2000
2015
Source: Eurocontrol
16,1 Mio Flüge
8.4 Mio Flüge
Flüge p.h. 150 und mehrFlüge p.h. 100 bis 150Flüge p.h. 50 bis 100
12
23
SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research)
SESAR ZieleMit SESAR wird bis 2020 die europäische ATM Infrastruktur neu ausgerichtet und ein bedarfsgerechtes ATM-Netzwerk implementiertGanzheitlicher Common Approach, „user performance requirements driven“Entwicklung und Implementierung von 2008 bis 2020 Definitionsphase mit Beteiligung aller Stakeholder liefert Grundlagen
SESAR Main Programme Activities:Operational activitiesSystem development activitiesSystem Wide Information Management“Transverse activities”
24
ATM Stakeholders
UsersAirlines (passengers & cargo)
Military aviation
Business aviation
General aviation
Legal bodiesIntergovernmental organisations
National legislation
National authorities
Service providersANSPs / ATC service providers
C, N & S Infrastructure operators
AirportsStandardisation bodies
13
25
Air and Ground Integration
Verbesserungselemente- GNSS- ADS-B
26
Integrated CNS/ATM Approach
CommunicationVHF/HF radio; ACARS
VHF data link (VDL)
Mode-S, ATN, AMSS, CPDLC
Ground-Ground communication
NavigationConventional:
VOR/DME; NDB; ILS; MLS
Satellite NavigationGPS, Galileo and Augmentations
SurveillancePSR/SSR
ADS-BACAS
FANS 1/AADS-C
ICAO ATMCP:Global ATM Operational Concept
Eurocontrol: ATM 2000+
European Commission:Single European SkyFPs 5, 6; TEN-Ts
FAA: National Airspace Operational Evolution Plan
CANSO; IATA; AECMAAir Traffic AllianceSESARESA / ARTES-10 (IRIS)
14
27
ECAC Roadmap of NAVAID Infrastructure
Quelle: Eurocontrol
28
Rolle der Satellitennavigation in CNS/ATM
SatellitennavigationHeutige Nutzung: GPS für En-route bis Non-Precision Approach NavigationStarting-up:
Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS: US WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) für Anflüge mit Vertikalführung und Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) für Präzisionslandungen
Nahe Zukunft: Galileo wird die Systemleistung der Satellitennavigationweiter verbessern
Surveillance mit Hilfe von GNSS Zunehmende Nutzung von Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-B Prinzip basiert auf GPS Positions-und Zeitinformation
GPS / Galileo / SBAS
GBASGalileo Local Element
7 Fe
brua
ry, 2
008
FL300ADS-B &Radar
CourtesyAirservicesAustralia
15
29
Satellitenpositionierung
Vorteile der SatellitenpositionierungUniverselle Systemreferenz (unabhängig von Transportarten, Transportanwendungen und administrativen Rahmenbedingungen)Hohe Genauigkeit (bis zum Meterbereich oder besser, falls nötig)Globale AbdeckungHochgenaue Zeitreferenz
Existierende und zukünftige NavigationssatellitensystemeUS NAVSTAR GPS (Global Positioning System): das einzige voll-operationelle System mit derzeit 31 Satelliten Russian GLONASS : derzeit 20 SatellitenGalileo: im AufbauChinese projects : Beidou/Compass im Aufbau…
30
Added Value of Satellite Navigation
Safety Critical Positioning Services(GPS and GALILEO Integrated in a CNS/ATM Concept)
Low altitude continuous coverage (VOR/DME limited to line of sight)All Weather Landing CapabilityLanding Guidance at Regional Airports without ILS or MLSHomogenous and Continuous Global ServiceAirport Surface Movement Guidance and Control
“Gate - to- Gate” Satellite Navigation SolutionInteroperable, Global Coverage, High PrecisionSingle Navigation System for All Phases of Flight
EfficiencyTime and Fuel SavingsNoise Abatement, Parallel and Curved Approaches will be possible
16
31
Luftfahrttechnische Empfänger
A 319/320/321A330/340Boeing 737, 777, 747
MD 82
TSO C129a, C1ARINC 743-A
TSO C129a, C1ARINC 743-A
TOPSTAR 200TOPSTAR 200
MMR (TOPSTAR 2020)MMR (TOPSTAR 2020)
32
Regional Augmentation System of GPS/GLONASS Constellations
Regional Augmentation System of GPS/GLONASS Constellations
SBAS/EGNOS
Ziele:Flächennavigation und
vertikale Anflugführung
Signalintegrität
Verbesserung derGenauigkeit
Status :Operationell für nicht-sicherheitskritische Anwendungen
Betrieb für sicherheits-kritische Anwendungen voraussichtlich ab 2010
EGNOS is the 1st Step for Galileo
Ranging&IntegrityMonitoringStation Network
GLONASS24 Satellites
GPS24 Satellites
GEOSpace
Segment
NavigationLandEarthStation
MasterControlCenter
(European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service)
17
33
Galileo FOC Gesamtsystemüberblick
40
34
Enabled by Galileo
Open ServiceGalileo adds Additional Signals
Safety of Life ServiceGalileo offers Integrity
Commercial ServiceAuthentication & Guarantees
Public Regulated ServiceSignal Robustness
Search and RescueRapid Response & Notification
Intelligent Transport Systems Driven User Services
Source: GSA
18
35
Robuste Satellitennavigation mit GPS/EGNOS und Galileo
Source: ICAO GNSS-Panel No. 4, April 2003, WP17
GPS L1
L1 - Loss
For Comparison:Situation of today
36
GBAS Präzisionslandesysteme
Höchste Anforderungen für Präzisions-landesysteme bei
GenauigkeitKontinuitätIntegritätVerfügbarkeit
GBAS bietetHöhere Genauigkeit als ILS (Instrumenten-landesysteme)Erfüllt erforderliche Sicherheitsstandards Mehr KapazitätUmweltverträglichkeit
LocalLocalAugmentation SystemsAugmentation Systems--Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)
--GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)
GNSS
DGRS
TowerControl
GMS
PseudoliteGMS
Airport Network
LocalGBAS Präzisionslandesysteme
Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)
GNSS
DGRS
TowerControl
GMS
Airport Network
LocalLocalAugmentation SystemsAugmentation Systems--Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)
--GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)
GNSS
DGRS
TowerControl
GMS
PseudoliteGMS
Airport Network
LocalGBAS Präzisionslandesysteme
Differential GNSS Reference Station (DGRS)GNSS Monitor Station (GMS)
GNSS
DGRS
TowerControl
GMS
Airport Network
Satelliten basierte Präzisionslandesysteme werden zunehmend Instrumentenlandesysteme ergänzen und später ersetzen.
ICAO Term: Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS)
19
37
Automatic Dependent Surveillance –
Broadcast (ADS-B)
38
Basic ADS-B Terms and Applications
ADS-B Ground Stations
ADS-B Avionics
ADS-B Avionics
ADS-B OUT:Avionics broadcasts ADS-B Messages, e.g. Identity, Position, Intent, etc.Precondition for any ADS-B application, e.g. radar-like surveillance
ADS-B IN:Avionics receives other aircrafts´ADS-B OUT messagesRequired for air-to-air applications, e.g. improved situation awareness, airborne separation assurance, etc.
Air Surveillance Applications (ASA)
Ground Surveillance Applications (GSA)
20
39
Data SourceTransponder
Position, Velocity Vector, Identity, etc.Update Rate: 2 Hz Position+ Velocity, 0.2 Hz Identity
ATM System 1
Autonomous Ground Station
AsterixCat 021Output
Data SourceTransponder
Data SourceMosquito
Air to AirApplications
Air to GroundApplications
AsterixCat 021OutputADS-B Network
ATM System 2
Data SourceTransponderData SourceTransponder
Position, Velocity Vector, Identity, etc.Update Rate: 2 Hz Position+ Velocity, 0.2 Hz Identity
ATM System 1
Autonomous Ground Station
AsterixCat 021Output
Data SourceTransponderData SourceTransponder
Data SourceMosquito
Data SourceMosquito
Air to AirApplications
Air to GroundApplications
AsterixCat 021OutputADS-B Network
ATM System 2
Air Traffic Surveillance Using ADS-B
Automatic, periodic broadcast of existing onboard data, e.g. position, velocity, Identifier, altitude and destination. Reception of broadcast ADS-B data from other aircraft to provide situational awareness to thepilotReception of broadcast ADS-B data from ADS-B Ground Stations to provide situationalawareness about the complete air traffic within the covered region to Air Traffic Control.
ADS-B complements Radar SurveillanceICAO Term: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)
40
VHF Data Link Mode 4(VDL-4)
• Multi-Channel
• 108 - 137 MHz
• Timeslot Access
• Variable ADS-Breporting Rate
• New System
• ICAO Standards exist
• Test Equipment
Universal Access Transceiver
(UAT)
• Single Channel
• 978 MHz (Cont. US)
• Timeslot Access
• Fixed ADS-Breporting Rate
• New System
• No ICAO Standards
• Test Equipment
Three Candidate ADS-B Data Link Technologies
1090 MHz Mode SExtended Squitter
(1090 ES)
• Single Channel
• 1090 MHz
• Random Access
• Fixed ADS-Breporting Rate
• Extension to existing SSR Mode S
• ICAO Standards exist (Annex 10)
• Mandatory Equipment
Link Decision by ICAO:The ADS-B data link on global scale is 1090 ES. UAT and VDL-4 will be used on regional basis.
Required Avionics: Mode S Transponder, Position Source (e.g. GPS)
21
41
FL300Radar
Procedural ATC in non-Radar Airspace
Many VHF outlets available
- buildings, power, maintenance, links to ATC
Courtesy Airservices Australia
Air Services Australia - Upper Airspace Program Current ATC Radar Surveillance Coverage
42
FL300ADS-B &
Radar
Courtesy Airservices Australia
Air Services Australia - Upper Airspace Program ADS-B + Radar Coverage
22
43
US Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) Programm
Nationsweite Bedeckung des US Luftraums mit ADS-B Bodenstationen(Radios) als ersatz für eine Ebene von Sekundären BodenradarenKompletter Luftraum inklusive Flugplätze und TMAsAlle Bodenstationen mit dualen Radios ausgestattet:
1090 ES (Mode S, 1090 MHz) – für die kommerzielle LuftfahrtUniversal Access Transceiver (UAT, 978 MHz) – für die Allgemeine Luftfahrt
Kritische und essentielle Dienste Kritisch: Automatic Dependent Surveilance Broadcast (ADS-B)Kritisch: ADS-B Rebroadcast (ADS-R)
TX von UAT ADS-B via 1090 ES und vice versaEssentiell: Traffic Information Service Broadcast (TIS-B)
Uplink von anderen, validierten surveillance Daten (Radar) als ADS-B lookalikeEssentiell Flight Information Broadcast (FIS-B) (nur UAT)
Uplink von Wetter, Anflug, aktiver Landebahn, etc.
Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) ist Bestandteil des US Next Generation Air Traffic Control System (NGATS)
44
Planned ADS-B Coverage of US Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) Programme
Source: FAA website
23
45
SchlußbemerkungenSatellite Navigation
Beachtliches Potential zur Bereitstellung der notwendigen Navigationsleistung in einem integrierten CNS/ATM KonzeptGalileo wird wesentlicher Bestandteil in integriertem CNS/ATM Konzept Die Vorteile der Interoperabilität von GPS & Galileo sind bessere Navigations-Sicherheit, -Leistung und Service Levels
ADS-B Surveillance ImplementierungADS-B erfolgreich in Australien implementiertADS-B ist Bestandteil des US Next Generation Air Traffic Management Systems; Der Aufbau ist im Gang ADS-B startet weltweit
Effizienzsteigerung im Flugverkehr mit Satellitennavigation und ADS-B Surveillance
Zeit und Treibstoffeinsparung durch Direct RoutingsReduktion der EmissionenEffizientere Nutzung des Luftraums
Der Übergang von konventionellen zu Satelliten basierten Navigations-, Lande- und Surveillance Systemen hat begonnen.
Thank you for your attention