4. Arbeitstreffen deutschsprachiger Echinodermenforscher

4. Arbeitstreffen deutschsprachiger

Echinodermenforscher

4th Workshop of German & Austrian

Echinoderm Research

24.-26. October 2008

ABSTRACTS

Andreas Kroh & Brigitta Schmid

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

4. Arbeitstreffen deutschsprachiger Echinodermenforscher 4th Workshop of German & Austrian Echinoderm Research

Ei

n.

Fü

Re

A-1010 Wien, Österreich (Austria)

Te

@nhm-wien.ac.at

e-

entwurf: Andreas Kroh

Ti

W

Impressum

gentümer, Herausgeber und Verleger:

© 2008 Natuhistorisches Museum Wien

Alle Rechte vorbehalte

r den Inhalt der Beiträge sind die Autoren verantwortlich.

daktion:

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

Burgring 7,

l.: +43 (1) 521 77 / 576 (Kroh); +43 (1) 521 77 / 564 (Schmid)

Fax: +43 (1) 521 77 / 459

e-mail: andreas.kroh

mail: [email protected]

Redaktionelle Bearbeitung (EDV, Layout, Grafik): Andreas Kroh

Umschlag

telbild: Coelopleurus (Keraiophorus) exquisitus COPPARD & SCHULTZ, 2006;

Neukaledonien (NHMW 2005z0277/0016; Photo von Alice SCHUMACHER, NHM

ien).

24.-26. October 2008 iii


Inhalt

Encrinus sp. cf. E. robustus (Crinoidea, Encrinidae) aus dem Unteren

M

Devonian) (Poster)

anisms and life style

(P

lkalk-Crinoide Encrinus liliiformis -

V

rschiedenen Seeigeln und ihr bionisches

Po

)

B

H.C. Hotchkiss & Alexander Glass..............................................23

In

Tithonian of the Klippenbelt (Jurassic, Austria) (Poster)

uschelkalk von Niedersachsen (Poster)

Ulrich Bielert, Friedrich Bielert & Hans Hagdorn...........................................1

Classification of pre- and postmortem ossicular modifications of the

Cupressocrinitid skeletons (Crinoidea,

Jan Bohatý ............................................................................................3

Dental insights into ophiuroids: Feeding mech

oster)

Karin Boos...........................................................................................14

Ökophänotypbildung der Musche

ergleich zweier Populationen aus Nord-Württemberg (Vortrag)

Janina F. Dynowski & James H. Nebelsick.................................................15

Stereomdifferenzierung in ve

tenzial (Vortrag)

Nils Großmann & James H. Nebelsick.......................................................17

Die Stereome diverser regulärer Seeigelstachel (Poster

Nils Großmann & James H. Nebelsick.......................................................19

30 Years of Research on Crinoids / 30 Jahre Crinoidenforschung

(Keynote)

Hans Hess ...........................................................................................20

Pattern formation in starfish: arm stumps, regeneration models, and

evolution (Poster)

Frederick H.C. Hotchkiss........................................................................21

dellacoma in the Hunsrück Slate (Lower Devonian, Germany):

reidentification of Urasterella verruculosa (Asteroidea, Bdellacomidae)

(Poster)

Frederick

dex of Living and Fossil Echinoids: 1971 - present (Poster)

Andreas Kroh.......................................................................................25

Crinoids from the

Andreas Kroh & Alexander Lukeneder......................................................26

iv 24.-26. October 2008


Temperature effect on feed consumption, absorption and assimilation

efficiencies and production in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus

in

son L.

oster)

..............................................30

M

mplexen Strukturen (Vortrag)

Ec

............................................................................36

Ph

equence data (Vortrag)

Marleen Perseke, Guido Fritzsch, Detlef Bernhard, Peter F. Stadler & Martin

Schlegel ..............................................................................................38

New insights into early diversification of sea cucumbers as inferred

from calcareous ring material (Ordovician/Silurian, Baltoscandia)

(Vortrag)

Mike Reich...........................................................................................39

A nearly articulated holothurian from the Santonian (Cretaceous) of

England (Poster)

Mike Reich...........................................................................................40

termedius (Poster)

John M. Lawrence, Xuebin Cao, Yaqing Chang, Ping Wang, Y. Yu, Addi

Lawrence, Stephen A. Watts ..................................................................28

Amount of arm loss and rate of arm regeneration by Luidia clathrata

(Echinodermata: Asteroidea) (P

J.M. Lawrence & C.M. Pomory ................................................................29

Seastars (Asteroidea) from Madagascar (Vortrag)

Horst Moosleitner ...................................

orphologie und Faziesverteilung des indo-pazifischen Seeigels

Jacksonaster depressum (Vortrag)

James Nebelsick & Atef Abd El-Hamied A. S. Elattaar.................................32

Taphonomie von Jacksonaster depressum (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)

aus dem Roten Meer (Poster)

James Nebelsick & Atef Abd El-Hamied A. S. Elattaar.................................33

Skelett-Endosymbionten fossiler und rezenter Echinodermen: Von

Bioklaustrationen zu ko

Christian Neumann ...............................................................................34

hinoids from the Neogene of Portugal mainland: Systematics,

Palaeoecology, Palaeobiogeography (Vortrag)

Pedro Pereira ...........

ylogenetic relationships within Echinodermata based on mitochondrial

s

24.-26. October 2008 v


Unusual holothurians (Echinodermata) from the Late Ordovician of

Sweden (Poster)

Mike Reich...........................................................................................42

Signs of predation on Middle Triassic crinoids form Poland (Poster)

Mariusz A. Salamon & Przemysław Gorzelak .............................................43

Are that sea urchins ???? - The strange morphology of the echinoid

family Pourtalesiidae (Vortrag)

Heinke Schultz .....................................................................................45

The early history of echinoderms: new insights from disarticulated early

and middle Cambrian ossicles (Keynote)

Andrew B Smith ...................................................................................48

Rhaetian ophiuroids from the Netherlands: a preliminary report (Poster)

Ben Thuy, Adiël A. Klompmaker & John W. M. Jagt....................................49

Irregular echinoids from the Turonian Seewen Limestone of the Allgäu

area (S. Germany) (Vortrag)

Frank Wiese & Nils Schlüter ...................................................................51

Antiquity and Longevity of a deep-sea oyster/crinoid association (Azores

Archipelago) (Vortrag)

Max Wisshak, Christian Neumann, Matthias López Correa, Serge Gofas,

Carmen Salas, Marco Taviani, Joachim Jakobsen, André Freiwald ................53

Bromierte Anthrachinon-Pigmente aus der rezenten Seelilie Proisocrinus

ruberrimus (Vortrag)

Klaus Wolkenstein, Wolfgang Schoefberger, Norbert Müller & Tatsuo Oji.......55

vi 24.-26. October 2008


24.-26. October 2008 vii


Encrinus sp. cf. E. robustus (Crinoidea, Encrinidae) aus dem

Unteren Muschelkalk von Niedersachsen

(Poster)

ULRICH BIELERT1, FRIEDRICH BIELERT2 & HANS HAGDORN3

1 Rheinblick 4, 69226 Nußloch, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

2 Am Goldgraben 21 37073 Göttingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

3 Muschelkalkmuseum, Schloss-Str. 11, 74653 Ingelfingen, Deutschland; e-mail: encrinus@t-

online.de

Auf zwei oolithischen Gesteinsstücken aus den Terebratelbänken (Unterer

Muschelkalk, Jena-Formation; Anisium, Pelsonium) von Königslutter am Elm

(Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover 50004 und 52040, aus Slg. O.

Klages) sind artikulierte Reste von Kronen

und Stielen eines großwüchsigen

erhalten. Die Gattung ist im Unteren

Muschelkalk mit mehreren nominalen Arten

vertreten, die jedoch ungenau diagno

sind, weshalb die Zuordnung von

Einzelfunden oft Schwierigkeiten bereite

drei vorliegenden Individuen (Kronenlänge

bis 50 mm) sind gekennzeichnet durch einen

stumpf kegelförmigen Kelch mit langen, mit

ca. 50o gegen die Längsachse geneigten

Seitenansicht sichtbaren Basalia (B), di

distal tief in die interradiale Sutur eingreifen.

Dorsal sind Basalia und Radialia (R) schw

gewölbt und zeigen keine Buckel

sonstige Ornamente; die Suturen liegen

vertieft. Die Artikulation der Kelchplatten

zygosynostosial. Die Arme sind proxima

relativ breit, werden nach distal jedoch ra

schmaler. Das erste Primibrachiale (IBr1)

relativ lang, flach quergewölbt und grenzt

Encrinus

stiziert

t. Die

, in

e

ach

oder

nicht

ist

l

sch

ist

24.-26. October 2008 1


mit langer Sutur gegen die Nachbarglieder. Auch das Primaxillare (IBr2Ax) ist

relativ lang und hat wie das IBr1 keine dorsalen Buckel. Zusammen mit den

sten Sekundibrachialia (IIBr1, IIBr2) wirken Kelch und proximale Arme

allonförmig aufgetrieben. Ab dem dritten Sekundibrachiale (IIBr3) setzt abrupt

eiligkeit der Armglieder ein. Die Armzweige sind zunächst dorsal noch

dorsal gerundet. Die Brachialia sind dorsal

nnähernd glatt und unornamentiert. Die Pinnularia sind schlecht erhalten. Am

ch schwankt, ist der

iagnostische Wert des Kelches mit den langen Basalia höher einzuschätzen als

) und E. robustus aus Oberschlesien

SSMANN 1926) und Thüringen (BIELERT & BIELERT 2000) haben einen

BEYRICH, E., 1857. Über die Crinoiden des Muschelkalks. – Abhandlungen der Akadademie

wei Arten der Gattung

Encrinus im Unteren Muschelkalk am Nordrand des Thüringer Beckens. – Beiträge

zur Geologie von Thüringen, Neue Folge 7: 137-145.

beiden er

b

echte Zweiz

schwach quergewölbt und haben scharf abgegrenzte Seitenflächen, werden ab

dem IIBr3 aber schmaler und

a

Stiel fällt auf, dass auch die proximalen, zirrenlosen Nodalia kaum länger und

dicker sind als die Internodalia und flache Seiten ohne Randwulst haben. Die

Nähte zwischen den durchweg runden Columnalia sind kaum vertieft. Wie bei

Populationen von E. liliiformis, wo die dorsale Ornamentierung von Kelch und

Armgliedern als ökophänotypisches Merkmal erhebli

d

die dorsale Ornamentierung von Kelch- und Armgliedern. Nur die altersgleichen

E. brahli aus Rüdersdorf (BEYRICH 1857

(A

flachkonischen Kelch und Armglieder ohne dorsale Skulptur. Den

halbkugelförmigen dorsalen Auftreibungen der Primaxillaria beim schlesischen

und thüringischen Material von E. robustus messen wir nur geringe

diagnostische, sondern ökophänotypische Bedeutung zu. Der Status von E.

brahli, dessen Typusmaterial (subadulte Individuen) verschollen ist, bedarf

weiterer Untersuchungen. Die hier vorgestellten Encriniden werden als Encrinus

sp. cf. E. robustus ASSMANN, 1925 bezeichnet.

Literatur

ASSMANN, P., 1926. Die Fauna der Wirbellosen und Diploporen der ober- schlesischen

Trias mit Ausnahme der Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten, Gastropoden und

Korallen. – Jahrbuch der preußischen Geologischen Landes-Anstalt für 1925, 46:

504-527.

der Wissenschaften Berlin, 1: 1-49.

BIELERT, U. & BIELERT, F., 2000. Gemeinsames Auftreten von z

2 24.-26. October 2008


Classification of pre- and postmortem ossicular modifications of

the Cupressocrinitid skeletons (Crinoidea, Devonian)

Poster)

ithout classifiable causes; 3, premortem ossicle anomalies as a

action of external interferences; 4, pre- and postmortem borings and bite

es without recognizable external influences –

generic" abnormalities (Figs. 1-2):

with regular grown

xial canals (~1500 skeletons analyzed). Further, individuals with additional or a

(

JAN BOHATÝ

Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Köln,

Germany; e-mail: [email protected]

Skeletal anomalies on Devonian cupressocrinitids (Crinoidea, Cladida) are herein

classified as: 1, growth anomalies without external influences; 2, growth

anomalies w

re

marks; and 5, pre- and postmortem epizoan encrusting.

1. Growth anomali

"

Growth anomalies without recognizable external influences are predominantly

distinguished by the reduction of thecal or brachial-ossicles respectively by

additional intermediary plates. These abnormalities could not be attributed to

injuries or involved regeneration and are obviously "genetically modified

anomalies" (BOHATÝ 2001). Most common are variances of the columnal axial

canal (Fig. 1), which occurs at the rate of ~1: 30 compared

a

reduced number of ossicles are recognized. Cupressocrinitids with a developed

quadrangular or hexagonal symmetry (Figs. 1-2) are relatively rare and occur at

several localities with an average rate of ~1: 70 compared with regularly

developed skeletons (~700 aboral cups and ~300 crowns analyzed). Due to the

abundance of anomalously grown axial canals or symmetry aberrations within

one fossil-horizon, the genetic basis of these interferences is assumed. In this

case, the appropiative rates of detectable growth anomalies compared with

normal individuals, could be higher than above-mentioned.

24.-26. October 2008 3


2. Growth anomalies without classifiable causes – without indications of

external influences (Fig. 3):

In some cases it is not possible to determine a cause for a growth anomaly. The

individuals with one additional or missing plate (Fig. 3), with an inexplicable

ossicular-swelling, or a modified exobrachial layer are not recognizable as

regeneration of the skeleton, "wound healings", or as documented "generic"

abnormalities. No direct evidence of predatory influences like borings or bite

marks can be recognized. Therefore, these modifications are summarized as

growth anomalies without classifiable causes – without indications of external

influences.

3. Premortem ossicular anomalies as a reaction of external interferences

– "wound healing" and skeletal regeneration of thecal or brachial

injuries (Figs. 4-5):

"Wound healing": Different sized anomalies in numerous small ossicles were

recognized on ~5 % of the studied cupressocrinitids (~700 aboral cups and

~300 crowns analyzed). These anomalies are obviously "wound healings" of

nonlethal injured individuals. Possible causes of these anomalies could be injuries

caused by predators or possibly by impact-injuries with suspended clastic

material. The affected regions may be small or large (Fig. 4). The maxim

observed injury affects up to 80 % of the surface of the cup.

Regeneration: Regenerations of echinoderm skeletons was recently reconsidered

by MOZZI et al. (2006), exemplified by the regenerative processes of the

editerranean Featherstar" Antedon mediterranea (LAMARCK, 1816). AMEMIYA &

JI (1992) described the crinoid regeneration processes. The regeneration in

1890. Direct interconnections between

"M

O

fossil crinoids was also discussed by GAHN & BAUMILLER (2005). For example, they

showed arm regeneration of Rhodocrinites kirbyi (WACHSMUTH & SPRINGER, 1889)

and Dichocrinus cinctus MILLER & GURLEY,

the increase of shell-breaking predators and the number of observed arm

regenerations of nonlethal injured crinoids were recognized (GAHN & BAUMILLER

4 24.-26. October 2008


2005, p. 151-164). Further, WEISSMÜLLER (1998) discussed arm regeneration of

the Muschelkalk-crinoid Encrinus liliiformis LAMARCK, 1801 as did MEYER & OJI

(1993) for several Eocene metacrinitids.

Arm regeneration in Devonian crinoids is recognized by the conditions

specified by GAHN & BAUMILLER. At the juncture of the injury, the regenerated

skeleton has either 1, the insertion of particularly small arms; or 2, the abrupt

change in the magnitude of the arm-ossicles (2005, p. 156). The arms

24.-26. October 2008 5


recognized as regenerated were all smaller than regularly developed arms (Fig.

5). Nevertheless, the arms of the relevant individuals are enclosed in the typical

prescu socrinitid-like resting or avoidance posture, whereas the adjoining, normal

longer arms closed about the smaller one and are tangent distally above the

regenerated arm.

4. Pre- and postmortem borings and bite marks (Figs. 6-7):

Postmortem multi-borings: Almost 90 % of ~50 analyzed skeletons of C.

elongatus were covered by borings (SIEVERTS-DORECK 1963; BOHATÝ 2001, p. 8;

20 pl. 10, figs. 1-3) [Fig. 6]. More infrequently, specimens with multiple

borings were identified on the crowns of C. crassus (2006, pl. 10, fig. 8b). Both

species are covered by a thin and monolamellar exoplacoid layer, which

apparently offered less resistance against boring organisms, in contrast to the

multilamellar layers of Abbreviatocrinites. Generally, these borings were

restricted to the non-embedded

06,

side of the relevant skeletons and trend in

ordinated lines from the cup (or also from the preserved stem) and over one or

nnot be verified.

in

several arms. Presumably, the borings occurred soon after death. The skeletons

are articulated and covered by the unsheared exoplacoid layer on the one hand,

but on the other, the borings are restricted to the non-embedded side of the

crown. Platyceratid gastropods were discussed as a possible causer of the

borings (SIEVERTS-DORECK 1963). This theory ca

Pre- and postmortem incurred single borings: Single borings are present on the

ssicles of A. abbreviatus abbreviatus, A. geminatus, and Robustocrinites n. sp.

d by a trepostome bryozoan

Eostenopora sp.). Because the boring is positioned on the non-embedded side

o

In abbreviatocrinitids, they are normally restricted to the plates with sheared

exoplacoid layers and, therefore, most likely occurred postmortem. The single

boring of an unknown organism at the surface of the monolamellar exoplacoid

layer, observed in one affected robustocrinitid, is fille

(?

of the crown and runs across several plate boundaries, it is assumed to have

occurred postmortem.

BAUMILLER & MACURDA (1995) and BAUMILLER (1990, 1993) documented

borings on Paleozoic blastoids and crinoids. Also in this case, platyceratid

gastropods were discussed as the possible borers. A significant bit of evidence for

6 24.-26. October 2008


this theory is perhaps documented in the combined fossil evidence of a borehole,

positioned next to a gastropod valve (BAUMILLER 1990).

SEM-observations of thin cross-sections of the multilamellar exoplacoid

layer of A. geminatus exhibits potentially premortem microendolithic borings.

These meandering single borings have an averag proportion of 20 µm in width to

al boring(?) on the basal plate of A.

bbreviatus. The visible stereomatic reaction in the form of an annulus-like

arks

300 µm length. They were presumably lined with biogenous matter and

ultimately resulted in a secondary sulphide-ion surplus. Through this, the borings

are lined with marcasite-crystal agglomerates (FeS2). Microendolithic borings

could be observed in ~70 % of the studied multilamellar exoplacoid layers, but in

less than 20 % of the basal, radial, or brachial plates (30 thin sections analyzed).

Fig. 7 presumably has a deep, ov

a

swelling indicates that the single-boring occurred most likely premortem. But

isolated placoderm teeth from the same location also permit the assumption that

this trace may to the bite of a larger predator instead of a boring organism, like a

gastropod with specialised radula.

Premortem bite m : Bite marks at cupressocrinitids are rare and could be

bserved in less than 3 % of the studied individuals (~1500 skeletons analyzed).

n the crown-ossicles of cupressocrinitids.

o

They are possibly attributed to cephalopods, placoderms or arthropods.

Premortem bite marks are recognized as nonlethal injuries, because the bite

marks are accompanied by "wound healings".

5. Pre- and postmortem incurred epizonal encrusting (Fig. 8):

The epibiontic encrusting of Devonian crinoids, exemplified by Upper Eifelian

columnals, was recently discussed by Gluchowski (2005). Bryozoa,

Microconchida, Crinoidea, Tabulata, Rugosa, and Stromatoporida are also

identified o

Bryozoa: "Cyclostome bryozoans" (Hederella sp.) apparently preferentially

encrusted the crown-ossicles of Abbreviatocrinites nodosus (Fig. 8). Unlike other

cupressocrinitids, nearly 95 % of the observed A. nodosus-skeletons from the

lausbach and Nims members bear encrustings (~80 skeletons analyzed). The

growth of the hederellids most likely occurred instantaneously postmortem,

K

24.-26. October 2008 7


because some articulated crowns retain unsheared exoplacoid layers. In contrast,

the "cyclostome bryozoans" settled beyond the primary movable ossicle

boundaries of the endoskeleton. Presumably, the hederellids had a rapid rate of

growth. Gluchowski (2005, figs. 4F-H) also documented the hederellid-encrusting

of Upper Eifelian crinoid columnals.

Hederella is presumably not a true bryozoan (A. Ernst, personal commun.;

as colonial,

also see WILSON & TAYLOR 2001). TAYLOR & WILSON (2007) favored a close

relationship with phoronids, tentatively interpreting hederelloids

phoronid-like invertebrates with retractable lophophores. Along with

microconchids and cornulitids, hederelloids may have been part of a mid-

Paleozoic acme of lophophorate "worms".

Trepostome bryozoans: One brachial of a completely preserved A. nodosus

rown, one cup of an also entire Abbreviatocrinites schreueri crown, and one c

theca of P. gracilis were encrusted postmortem by trepostome bryozoans

(?Eostenopora sp.). The boring trace of an affected Robustocrinites arm is also

populated by (?)Eostenopora sp.; in this case, the colony settled in a non-

exposed position.

Fenestrate bryozoans: Especially within the uppermost Ahbach Formation

(lowermost Lower Givetian) of the "Wotan" quarry (Hillesheim syncline, Eifel,

enis

eath the attached stem, allows the presumption of a premortem

ettlement (compare BOHATÝ 2005, fig. 3B). In contrast, some shorter stem

ted that the bryozoans lived

Rh h Massif, Germany), several longer stems of A. geminatus and P. gracilis

were found encrusted by fenestrate bryozoans. The length of the overgrown

columnals as well as some observed embedding patterns of bryozoans located

undern

s

fragments or other disarticulated cupressocrinitid-ossicles were usually encrusted

postmortem. This assumption is based on the entire enclosure of some skeletal

elements.

Similarly holdfasts of most likely rhomboporid bryozoans attached to the

columnals of Schyschcatocrinus creber DUBATOLOVA, 1975, as reported by

GLUCHOWSKI (2005, figs. 3A-B). Gluchowski indica

attached to the fragmented dead stems that lay horizontally on the sea floor.

8 24.-26. October 2008


Crinoidea: One observed cup of A. abbreviatus abbreviatus as well as ne

isolated radial and arm plate of A. geminatus were encrusted by the holdfasts of

other cladid crinoids (?P. gracilis). The roots settled postmortem on the shearing

of the multilamelar exoplacoid layer, at the interior of a radial plate, or at the

multilamellar exobrachial layer of an isolated brachial. This association was

observed on less than 3 % of the studied crinoids (~1500 skeletons analyzed).

GLUCHOWSKI (2005, p. 322) documented the postmortem encrusting of several

o

all

the columns of crinoid hosts, as well as dendritic

oldfasts distributed on all sides of the column were reported from Silurian strata

sm crinoid holdfasts attached to Upper Eifelian crinoid columnals.

Various attachments of crinoid juveniles to living or dead adults are known

from the Silurian to the Mississippian (see MEYER & AUSICH 1983). Coiling stems,

modified discoid holdfasts on

h

by FRANZÉN (1977) and PETERS & BORK (1998).

Lophophorata (?) - Microconchida (Fig. 8): Microconchids with unstructured or

ornamented valves encrusted the ossicles of nearly 40 % of the studied

cupressocrinitids (~1500 skeletons analyzed). It is remarkable, that larger

individuals are rare and isolated (compare Bohatý 2006, pl. 5, fig. 8), whereas

numerous smaller microconchids encrusted the crinoids. Supposeably, the

s encrusting of microconchids on the columnals of

antalocrinus scutellus LE MENN, 1985 and Schyschcatocrinus creber DUBATOLOVA,

colonization occurred immediately postmortem, before shearing of the exoplacoid

layers and ossicle disarticulation.

The single-specie

T

1975, represent additional settlement examples (GLUCHOWSKI 2005, p. 323, figs.

5I-L).

Anthozoa - Tabulata: The predominantly postmortem settlement of tabulate

orals was recognized on 5-10 % of the studied cupressocrinitids (~1500

zed). The most common epibiontic tabulates were auloporids like

s. serpens

of A. sus.

coral ( D RBIGNY, 1850) was found within the lower part

of the Loogh Formation (Lower Givetian) in the "Wotan" quarry (Hillesheim

c

skeletons analy

Aulopora cf. A. serpens minor (GOLDFUSS, 1829) and A. cf. A.

(GOLDFUSS, 1829), settling on isolated crown-ossicles, completely preserved cups

geminatus, and on the crowns of A. nodo

Furthermore, one cup of A. a. abbreviatus with an encrusting favositid

Favosites cf. F. goldfussi 'O

24.-26. October 2008 9


syncline). GLUCHOWSKI (2005) documented small colonies of Favosites sp.

hed to Pentagonostipes petaloides MOORE & JEFattac FORDS, 1968 and

the a

living crin orted from the Upper Silurian (HALLECK

1973; B

GALLE s (compare MEYER & AUSICH 1983).

assoc

(GLUC AUSICH 1983; POWERS & AUSICH 1990

Rugo

Tantalocrinus scutellus LE MENN, 1985 and discussed the possible growth along

xis of the upright stalk of a living host. Favositids that lived attached to

oid hosts have also been rep

RETT & ECKERT 1982; PETERS & BORK 1998), Lower Devonian (GALLE 1978;

& PROKOP 2000), and Lower Carboniferou

Other tabulate corals (e.g. Antholites, Cladochonus, and Emmonsia)

iated with living crinoids are known from Devonian–Mississippian strata

HOWSKI 2005, p. 319; also see MEYER &

and DONOVAN & LEWIS 1999).

sa: Within the Ahbach and Loogh formations (Eifelian/Givetian threshold) in

cupre

CHLÜTER, 95

additional s,

ings of

respo

Porife

the "Wotan" quarry (Hillesheim syncline), rugose corals settled on disarticulated

ssocrinitid stems and isolated ossicles, including Glossophyllum soetenicum

(S 18 ) and Thamnophyllum caespitosum (GOLDFUSS, 1826). The

recovery of a completely overgrown theca (stromatoporoid suffusion

see below) documents a further epibiontic settlement by an indeterminable

juvenile stadium of a rugose coral. All settlements occurred postmortem.

GLUCHOWSKI (2005, p. 317-319) detected the premortem encrust

the rugose coral (?)Adradosia sp. on Schyschcatocrinus creber by the stereomic

nse of the crinoid.

ra(?) - Stromatoporida: Some non-disarticulated cups of A. a. abbreviatus

pletely encrusted by indeterminable stromatopowere com roid suffusions. These

encrusting ose corals,

Refe

AMEM

BAUMI

BAUMI

thaia, 26: 41-47.

s could be settled again by chaetetids, tabulate and rug

microconchids, and bryozoans.

rences:

IYA, S. & OJI, T. 1992. Regeneration in sea lilies. Nature, 357: 546-547.

LLER, T.K. 1990. Non-predatory drilling of Mississippian crinoids by platyceratid

gastropods. Palaeontology, 33/3: 743-748.

LLER, T.K. 1993. Boreholes in Devonian blastoids and their implication for boring by

platyceratids. Le

10 24.-26. October 2008


BAUMILLER, T.K. & MACURDA, D.B. JR. 1995. Borings in Devonian and Mississippian Blastoids

(Echinodermata). Journal of Paleontology, 69/6: 1084-1089.

BOHATÝ, J. 2001. Wachstumsanomalien mitteldevonischer Crinoidenkelche aus den

Kalkmulden der Eifel (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Greifswalder

Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 9: 7-9.

Ý, J. 2005. Doppellagige Kronenplatten: Ein neues anatomisches Merkmal

paläozoischer Crinoiden und Revision der Familie Cupressocrinitidae (Devon).

Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 79/2: 201-225.

Ý, J. 2006. Neue Cupressocrinitidae (Crinoidea) aus den mitteldevo

BOHAT

BOHAT nischen

BRETT

DONO

FRANZ , 10: 219–234.

GALLE . Favositidae (Tabulata) from the Devonian of Bohemia. Sbornik

GALLE

ublic.

GLUCH

olonica, 50/2: 315-328.

nt iconibus et

rn GRAFEN

d

Co, Düsseldorf.

Kalkmulden der Eifel (linksrheinisches Schiefergebirge, Deutschland).

Senckenbergiana lethaea, 86/2: 151-189.

, C.E. & ECKERT, J.D. 1982. Paleoecology of a well-preserved crinoid colony from the

Silurian Rochester Shale in Ontario. Life Science Contribution, Royal Ontario

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VAN, S.K. & LEWIS, D.N. 1999. An epibiont and the functional morphology of the

column of a platycrinitid crinoid. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society,

52: 321-323.

DUBATOLOVA, YU. A. 1975. Devonian crinoids of the Minusin Basin [in Russian]. Trudy

Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki AN SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, 272: 1-58.

ÉN, C. 1977. Crinoid holdfasts from the Silurian of Gotland. Lethaia

GAHN, F.J. & BAUMILLER, T.K. 2005. Arm regeneration in Mississippian crinoids: evidence of

intense predation pressure in the Paleozoic?. Paleobiology, 31/1: 151-164.

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Geologických Věd, Paleontologie 20: 33-62.

, A. & PROKOP, R.J. 2000. Complex parasitism and symbiosis of crinoid, subepidermal

parasite, and tabulate coral. Lower Devonian (Pragian), Barrandian, Czech Rep

Věstnik Českého Geologického Ústavu, 75: 441-444.

OWSKI, E. 2005. Epibionts on upper Eifelian crinoid columnals from the Holy Cross

Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica P

GOLDFUSS, G.A. 1826-44. Petrefacta Germaniae tam ea, quae in museo universitatis

regiae Borussicae Fridericiae Wilhelmiae Rhenanae servantur, quam alia

quaecunque in Museis Hoeninghusiano, Muensteriano aliisque exta

descriptionibus illustrate (Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Petrefacten

Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Länder, unter Mitwirkung des Her

GEORG ZU MÜNSTER, herausgegeben von Dr. AUG. GOLDFUSS) – 1 (1826-33): Divisio

secunda: Radiariorum Reliquiae – Strahlenthiere der Vorwelt, p. 115-221. Arnz an

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HALLECK, M.S. 1973. Crinoids, hardgrounds, and community succession: The Silurian

Waldron−Laurel contact in southern Indiana. Lethaia, 6: 239-252.

CK, J.BLAMAR .P.A. de 1801. Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des

n de leurs rapports naturels et

LAMAR maux sans vertèbres, présentant les

enfin, l'exposition

des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie, Vol. 2. Verdière, Paris, 568 p.

LE MENN, J. 1985. Les Crinoides du Dévonien inferieur et moyen du Massif armoricain.

Mémoires de la Societé géologique et minéralogique de Bretagne, 30: 1-268.

MEYER, D.L. & AUSICH, W.I. 1983. Biotic interactions among recent and among fossil

crinoids, p. 377–427. In M.J.S. TEVESZ & P.L. MCCALL (eds.), Biotic Interactions in

Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities. Plenum Press, New York.

MEYER, D.L. & OJI, T. 1993. Eocene crinoids from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula:

paleobiogeographic and paleoecologic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 67/2:

250-257.

MILLER, S.A. & GURLEY, W.F.E. 1890. Description of some new genera and species of

Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana,

Missouri, and Iowa. Journal Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 13/1: 3-25.

MOORE, R.C. & JEFFORDS, R.M. (1968): Classification and nomenclature of fossil crinoids

based on studies of dissociated parts of their columns. The University of Kansas

Paleontological Contributions, 46: 1-86.

MOZZI, D., DOLMATOV, I.Y., BONASORO, F., & CARNEVALI, M.D.C. 2006. Visceral regeneration

in the crinoid Antedon mediterranea: basic mechanisms, tissues and cells involved

in gut regrowth. Central European Journal of Biology, 1/4: 609-635.

PETERS, S.E. & BORK, K.B. 1998. Secondary tiering on crinoids from the Waldron Shale

(Silurian: Wenlockian) of Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 72: 887-893.

POWERS, B.G. & AUSICH, W.I. 1990. Epizoan associations in a Lower Mississippian

Paleocommunity (Borden Group, Indiana, U.S.A.). Historical Biology, 4: 245-265.

classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; présentant leurs caractères

essentiels et leur distribution, d'après la considératio

de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum

d'Hist. Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; précédé du discours

d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d'Histoire

Naturelle l'an 8 de la République. Lamarck & Deterville, Paris, viii + 432 p.

CK, J.B.P.A. de 1816. Histoire naturelle des ani

caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes,

leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent;

précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de

l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels,

12 24.-26. October 2008


SCHLÜTER, C. 1885. Über einige neue Anthozoen aus dem Devon. Verhandlungen des

naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens, 44: 114-

151.

RTS-DORECK, H. 1963. Über Missbildungen bei Cupressocrinus elongatus aus dem

Mitteldevon der Eifel. Decheniana, 115/2: 239-244.

s",

McKinney (eds.), 14th Meeting of the

International Bryozoology Association, 02.-07.07.2007, Abstracts with Program.

SIEVE

TAYLOR, P.D.T. & WILSON, M.A. 2007. Morphology and affinities of hederelloid "bryozoan

p. 88. In: S. J. Hageman and F. K.

Boone, North Carolina, 2007, <http: //www.iba.appstate.edu/IBAfiles/

AbstrastWprogram.pdf> (IBA Website, p. 88).

WACHSMUTH, C. & SPRINGER, F. 1889. Crinoids. In S. A. MILLER (ed.), North American

geology and paleontology. Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, 664 p.

WILSON, M. A. & TAYLOR, P.D.T. 2001. "Pseudobryozoans" and the problem of encruster

diversity in the Paleozoic. PaleoBios, 21/ 2 addendum: 134-135.

24.-26. October 2008 13


Dental insights into ophiuroids: Feeding mechanisms and life style

(Poster)

KARIN BOOS

r and Marine Research, PO Box

g

ious studies have considered

phiuroids to be generally omnivorous macro- or microphageous feeders,

iuroids performing different lifestyles (epibenthic,

Biologische Anstalt Helgoland/ Alfred Wegener Institute for Pola

180, 27483 Helgoland; e-mail: [email protected]

Ophiuroid echinoderms are highly specific towards different habitats reflectin

lifestyles and feeding mechanisms. While prev

o

different feeding mechanisms have evolved according to an epibenthic or

infaunal lifestyle, e.g. predation, scavenging, deposit feeding or filter feeding.

Most ophiuroids have been reported to show more than one feeding mechanism

along with their main feeding habit. The presence and morphology of teeth, oral

and dental papillae from oph

infaunal or cryptic) was compared and discussed in relation to reported feeding

mechanisms and diets.

14 24.-26. October 2008


Ökophänotypbildung der Muschelkalk-Crinoide Encrinus liliiformis

- Vergleich zweier Populationen aus Nord-Württemberg

(Vortrag)

JANINA F. DYNOWSKI1 & JAMES H. NEBELSICK2

1 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Deutschland; e-


2 Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076

Tübingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Ökophänotypbildung von Encrinus liliiformis

aus dem süddeutschen Muschelkalk (Mitteltrias) von Nord-Württemberg. Wie

schon von früheren Bearbeitern beobachtet wurde, scheinen sich Kronen aus

flacheren Meeresbereichen in ihrer Morphologie von solchen aus tieferen

Bereichen zu unterscheiden.

Um diese Unterschiede in der Morphologie der Kronen zu erfassen, wurden

zwei Populationen von Encrinus liliiformis miteinander verglichen, die aus

unterschiedlichen Gebieten des Germanischen Beckens stammen: Crailsheim

stellt einen Lebensraum auf einer flach einfallenden Karbonatrampe in geringer

Wassertiefe dar, während die Population aus Neckarwestheim aus einem

Lebensraum in tieferen Beckenbereichen stammt.

Die Vermessung der Kronen und die darauf folgende statistische

Auswertung der Daten führte zu einer Differenzierung von zwei verschiedenen

Ökophänotypen:

1) Kronen mit kürzeren Armen und weniger stark ornamentierter Oberfläche aus

geringerer Wassertiefe;

2) Kronen mit längeren Armen und stärker ornamentierter Oberfläche aus

größeren Wassertiefen.

Diese Unterschiede können als Anpassungen an Prädationsdruck und

unterschiedliche Strömungsverhältnisse interpretiert werden.

Der Prädationsdruck ist im Allgemeinen im flacheren Wasser höher als in

größeren Tiefen, weswegen hier eine Verstärkung des Körperbaus als Schutz vor

Fressfeinden erwartet wird. Während die Encrinus-Kronen aus Crailsheim

allerdings eine weniger stark ausgeprägte Ornamentierung zeigen als die Kronen

24.-26. October 2008 15


aus Neckarwestheim, sind die Arme der Crinoiden in Crailsheim kürzer als in

Neckarwestheim. Letzteres kann demnach durchaus in Zusammenhang mit

erschied im Prädationsdruck stehen.

Die Länge der Arme kann auch ein Hinweis auf die Strömungsstärke sein,

ie Crailsheim höher ist als in tieferen

,

acheren Lebensräumen. Bei geringerer Strömungsenergie wären für Crinoiden

Nähe der

einem Unt

die in flacheren Meeresbereichen w

Regionen. Damit sind Unterschiede im Nahrungsangebot verbunden, das in

tieferen Bereichen mit weniger Strömung niedriger ist als in küstennahen

fl

als passive Suspensionsfresser längere Arme, und somit ein größerer

Filtrationsfächer, von Vorteil, um mehr Nahrungspartikel aus dem Wasser filtern

zu können. Hier könnte auch die stärkere Ornamentierung einen Einfluss haben,

zum Beispiel durch eine Änderung im Strömungsregime in direkter

Krone, um das Wasser effektiver zu filtern.

16 24.-26. October 2008


Stereomdifferenzierung in verschiedenen Seeigeln und ihr

bionisches Potenzial

(Vortrag)

NILS GROßMANN1 & JAMES H. NEBELSICK2

1, 2 Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076

Tübingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

für Textil- und

rfah

er Arten und der Gruppen) und bezüglich ihres Habitats, also

hinsichtlich Temperatur, Bewegungsverhalten, Größe und Funktionen der

Stacheln, miteinander verglichen.

Die Stacheln, wie auch die Schalen von Echinodermen weisen eine poröse

Mikrostruktur (Stereom) aus Mg-Calcit mit geringen Einlagerungen (unter 1%)

von organischem Material auf. Diese sehr feste und trotzdem leichte Struktur ist

außerordentlich stabil und charakteristisch für die Gruppe der Echinodermen. In

Verbindung mit den sehnigen Fasern an der Basis der Stachel wird eine

zusätzliche Stabilität erreicht.

Zur Durchführung des Projekts werden mehrere Seeigelarten aus den

Familien Echinidae, Echinometridae und Cidaridae in eigens dafür geschaffenen

Aquarien unter realen Umweltbedingungen (Salzgehalt 36‰; 25°C etc.)

gehalten.

Anhand von CT- und REM-Aufnahmen wird die Stereomstruktur in den Stacheln

dokumentiert, auch die Kritische-Punkt-Trocknung wird verwendet. Diese

Datensätze können inzwischen bei Druck- und Biegeversuchen zur Interpretation

des strukturellen Versagens herangezogen werden. In weiteren Untersuchungen

Die Biomimetik (Bionik), die als relativ junges interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet

gilt, beschäftigt sich mit der Nutzbarkeit biologischer Phänomene bzw.

Eigenschaften für eine alltägliche technische Umsetzung. Als Beispiel dient der

Lotus-Effekt, welcher u. a. in der Automobilbranche Anwendung findet.

Das Projekt „Neue Materialien für leichte, stoffdurchlässige

Einschlagschutzsysteme - Seeigel als Modellsystem”, unter finanzieller Leitung

der Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg, wird in Kooperation mit der AG

Angewandte Mineralogie (Universität Tübingen) und dem Institut

Ve renstechnik Denkendorf durchgeführt. Bisher wurden die morphologischen

Unterschiede in den Festigkeiten der einzelnen Stereomtypen untereinander

(innerhalb d

24.-26. October 2008 17


wurden die Magnesium- und Calciumgehalte an verschiedenen Positionen in den

gemessen und es zeigte sich, dass diese unterschiedlich sind.

Stacheln von Heterocentrotus mammillatus dienen dem Verkeilen im

Seeigeln, wie bspw. Eucidaris metularia

it

er Aufgabe der Stacheln steht, bleibt noch zu prüfen.

sten Bruchversuchen deutet

ich an

Stacheln

Riffgestein, während sie bei anderen

oder Plococidaris verticillata der Abwehr dienen. Ob die dabei festgestellte

Unterschiedlichkeit in der Mikrostruktur in einem direkten Zusammenhang m

d

Das Stereom ist im zentralen Bereich der Stacheln großporig und bei

Heterocentrotus mammillatus zusätzlich labyrinthisch, bei Plococidaris verticillata

gleichmäßig angeordnet. Die Kritische-Punkt-Trocknung zeigt innerhalb des

Stereoms eine geringe Anzahl von Weichteilen, die meist aus verschiedenen

Zelltypen und Fasern bestehen. Auch gibt es Hinweise, dass die Porenräume mit

einer dünnen organischen Schicht ausgekleidet sind. Anhand der

Computertomographie-Aufnahmen werden besonders bei Heterocentrotus

mammillatus die Wachstumsringe deutlich. Bei er

s , dass diese Verdickungen zur Stabilität beitragen können.

Im weiteren Projektverlauf werden auch etwaige Unterschiede in der

Morphologie der Stacheln bzw. Schalen zwischen Warm- und Kaltwasserarten

untersucht.

18 24.-26. October 2008


Die Stereome diverser regulärer Seeigelstachel

(Poster)

NILS GROßMANN1 & JAMES H. NEBELSICK2

, 72076

e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

der Riffrand- oder Riffdachbereiche bewohnen. Als

ethoden werden REM-Aufnahmen und zusätzlich das Verfahren Kritische-Punkt-

trukturen und keine

Wachstumsringe im Stereom besitzt.

Insgesamt weisen die Stacheln wie auch die Schalen von Echinodermen,

eine poröse Mikrostruktur (Stereom) aus Mg-Calcit mit geringen Einlagerungen

(unter 1%) von organischem Material auf.

Weiterhin erfolgen Untersuchungen in der Morphologie der Stacheln bzw.

Schalen zwischen Warm- und Kaltwasserarten.

1, 2 Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10

Tübingen, Deutschland;

Das Forschungsziel ist eine detaillierte Darstellung der Stereomstrukturen ganzer

Seeigelstachel. Es werden Stacheln von diversen Arten der Familien Echinidae,

Echinometridae und Cidaridae in Bezug auf ihre Mikrostrukturen untersucht und

Habitatsfaktoren wie Größe der Stacheln, Funktionsweise und

Umgebungstemperatur verglichen. Hierbei eignen sich besonders Vergleiche

zwischen Arten, die entwe

M

Trocknung sowie Computer-tomografie verwendet.

Unterschiede zeigen sich bisher nicht nur zwischen den einzelnen Familien,

sondern auch zwischen den Arten. So weisen Heterocentrotus mammillatus und

Echinometra mathaei unterschiedliche Ausprägungen von Wachstumsringen auf,

während Phyllacanthus imperialis trotz ähnlichem Habitat wie Heterocentrotus

mammillatus eher gleichmäßig angeordnete S

24.-26. October 2008 19


30 Years of Research on Crinoids / 30 Jahre Crinoidenforschung

(Keynote)

HANS HESS

; Im Gerstenacker 8, 4102 Binningen, Schweiz; e-mail:

978 erschienen die drei Bände von Part T, Echinodermata 3 (Crinoidea) des

Naturhistorisches Museum Basel

[email protected]

1

Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Die Revision unter Leitung von W. I.

AUSICH ist im Gang, und das Manuskript von Band 3 (Articulata, Mesozoikum -

heute) liegt nun vor. Die wesentlichen Fortschritte und Aenderungen in der

Systematik werden kurz vorgestellt und mit einigen Beispielen, insbesondere von

Trias-Crinoiden, illustriert.

The three volumes of Part T, Echinodermata 3 (Crinoidea) of the Treatise on

Invertebrate Paleontology were published in 1978. The revision under the

Editorship of W. I. AUSICH is ongoing, and the manuscript of the revised vol. 3

(Articulata, Mesozoic-Recent) is now available. Significant progress in

systematics has been made and the major changes are briefly presented,

illustrated by examples of Triassic crinoids and others.

20 24.-26. October 2008


Pattern formation in starfish: arm stumps, regeneration models,

and evolution

(Poster)

FREDERICK H.C. HOTCHKISS

Marine and Paleobiological Research Institute, PO Box 1016, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568 USA; e-


Objective: To interpret a Linckia laevigata and an Asterias rubens that have an

arm stump that healed and did not regenerate the missing arm (specimens from

nature). Method: Interpret using positional information theory and regeneration

models from amphibians, insects, and planarians. Observations: Wound closure

was by symmetrical midline joining through distal folding of both sides of the

arms. In contrast, in specimens that regenerate the arm, wound closure is by

downward sliding of the aboral surface. First finding: Failure of these arm stumps

to regenerate indicates symmetrical positional information in the starfish arm

nd indicates wound closure and healing along the line of symmetry. Thereby no a

positional value gaps/confrontations were formed, and intercalary gap-filling

regeneration was not stimulated. Second finding: The best fit model for starfish

arm regeneration is the distalization followed by intercalation model of AGATA et

al. (2003, 2007).

Proposals: It is proposed that arm regeneration is initiated by formation of a

istalized signaling center just behind the regenerated terminal plate. The signal

duces distal intercalary regeneration. It is further proposed that distal

tercalary gap-filling growth is the normal growth mechanism of the arm; thus

reestablishes the growth mechanism of intact arms. According to

and d the terminal plate; this

d

in

in

regeneration

this idea, there is always a positional gap between the last-formed section of arm

the distalized signaling center located just behin

gap is never bridged, and arm growth is indeterminate. Evo-Devo Extrapolation:

could cause the signaling center behind the terminal plate to induce Mutations

formation of additional or fewer series of plates in the arm. This may help to

explain the sudden origins and losses of novel plate series such as the sublateral

podial plates of Paleozoic Eopentaroida. Once the organism possesses this type

24.-26. October 2008 21


of signaling mechanism, then mutations could cause it to function in more places

than just behind the terminal plate. Thus plate series that intercalate in other

parts of the body wall could have this type of origin (such as asteroid actinal

intermediate plates, intermarginal plates, dorsolateral plates, etc.). Mosaic

evolution and recurrent appearance/loss of intercalary plates within and between

echinoderm lineages are expected under this proposal.

References

AGATA, K., T. TANAKA, C. KOBAYASHI, K. KATO & Y. SAITOH, 2003. Intercalary regeneration in

planarians. Developmental Dynamics 226: 308-316.

AGATA, K., Y. SAITO & E. NAKAJIMA, 2007. Unifying principles of regeneration I:

Epimorphosis versus morphallaxis. Development, Growth and Differentiation 49:

73-78.

22 24.-26. October 2008


Bdellacoma in the Hunsrück Slate (Lower Devonian, Germany):

reidentification of Urasterella verruculosa (Asteroidea,

Bdellacomidae)

(Poster)

FREDERICK H.C. HOTCHKISS1 & ALEXANDER GLASS2

1 Marine and Paleobiological Research Institute, PO Box 1016, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568 USA; e-

Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Box 90227, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

list on the fauna of the Hunsrück Slate has listed Bdellacoma. The

olution: In the Natural History Museum, London, are specimens BMNH E13627

rom the Hunsrück Slate labeled Bdellacoma. The specimens have

Bdell H specimens also match the Hunsrück

of the holotype of U. verruculosa confirmed the presence of bursulella-type

pedicella

is of with madreporiform

Bdell ea, Bdellacomidae). The fossil record

of Bdellacoma, including isolated pedicellariae reported as “Bursulella” ostracod

microfossils, ranges from Early Silurian to Early Carboniferous, with localities in

England, Gotland, Poland, Germany and USA. Improved understanding of

Bdellacoma (especially SUTTON et al. 2005) permits identifying specimens that do

not have pedicellariae, namely unpublished Bdellacomidae sp. collected by

THAYER (1972) from the Upper Devonian Genesee Group, Cortland County, New

York: Yale Peabody Museum 5-rayed YPM 211365 with bursulella-type

pedicellariae evident; YPM 204172-204186 with pedicellariae not evident but

otherwise resembling YPM 211365; and the remarkable YPM 211610 with 16 or

17 rays and preserving at least one bursulella-type pedicellaria. Occurrence of

Bdellacoma in the Lower Silurian (Llandovery) Gutterford Burn Starfish Bed,


2

27708

The Problem: Occurrence of Bdellacoma SALTER, 1857, in the Hunsrück Slate was

mentioned by W. K. SPENCER (1940), but no specimens were cited. On the other

hand, no specia

S

and E13630 f

highly distinctive bursulella-type pedicellariae that confirm identification as

acoma sp. Next Problem: The BMN

Slate asteroid Urasterella verruculosa LEHMANN, 1957. The Solution: Examination

riae and establishes that it is a species of Bdellacoma. The madreporite

asteroid type: aboral, interradial, convex, large, and

markings. The Hunsrück Slate asteroid Urasterella verruculosa is reidentified as

acoma verruculosa n. comb. (Asteroid

24.-26. October 2008 23


Pentland Hills, Scotland, was mentioned by SPENCER (1940: 529), but no

s were cited. Significance: Bdellacoma is confirmed present in the

unsrück Slate. Assignment of Bdellacoma to the Asteroidea by SUTTON et al.

rted, except that future research should investigate the sublateral

gements: The importance of papers by

OCZAROWSKI (2001) and by SUTTON et al. (2005) cannot be overstated. We thank

starfish with three-dimensionally preserved soft parts from the Silurian of England.

specimen

H

(2005) is suppo

plates described by SPENCER (1940) in Bd. vermiformis; sublaterals are not yet

recognized in Bd. verruculosa. Acknowled

B

D. N. LEWIS (BMNH), C. MACCLINTOCK (YPM), M. SANDER (Institute for

Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn), and A. B. SMITH

(BMNH) for loans/visits; D. CLAIN, M. CLAIN, A. P. HOTCHKISS, M. SGAN and G.

SGAN for support; and D. NICHOLLS for composing the poster. The poster was

prepared for the 12th IEC, August 2006, Durham, New Hampshire; contribution

No. 23 of Project Nahecaris; contribution No. 2 of MPRI; this abstract is new for

this workshop.

References

BOCZAROWSKI, A. 2001. Isolated sclerites of Devonian non-pelmatozoan echinoderms.

Palaeontologia Polonica No. 59: 1-219.

SPENCER, W. K. 1940. A monograph of the British Palaeozoic Asterozoa, Part. X, pp.

495-540, pls. 33-37, Palaeontographical Society for 1940.

SUTTON, M. D, D. E. G. BRIGGS, DAVID J. SIVETER, DEREK J. SIVETER, & D. J. GLADWELL. 2005. A

Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 272: 1001-1006.

THAYER, C. W. 1972. Marine paleoecology of the Upper Devonian Genesee Group of New

York. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University.

24 24.-26. October 2008


Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids: 1971 - present

(Poster)

ANDREAS KROH

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Geologisch-Paläontologische Abteilung, Burgring 7, 1010 Wien,

Österreich; e-mail: [email protected]

In 1978 Porter M. KIER & Mary H. LAWSON published their "Index of Living and

Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970" which listed all species- and genus-level taxa

erected since the publication of the “Essai de Nomenclature Raisonnée des

Echinides” by Jules LAMBERT & Paul THIÉRY (1909-25). Both books have been an

outstanding resource for taxonomic and (palaeo-)biodiversity research and are

among the most consulted volumes by echinoid specialists. KIER & LAWSON (1978)

in the introduction of their Index announced a supplement for the years 1971-75

but this, apparently, has never been published.

rature for new taxa and by cross checking this list with the

e Paleobiology Database, the need for published indices

ay s

Data collection for such an supplement was started in 1999 by the present

author, while doing research on the biogeography of Cenozoic echinoids, but

soon was extended to include all epochs. The list was prepared by culling the

recent echinoderm lite

Zoological Record and various other offline and online sources. Each paper

included was consulted in the original. Citations and taxa before 1971 were

included if they were absent in LAMBERT & THIÉRY (1909-25) and KIER & LAWSON

(1978). In contrast to KIER & LAWSON (1978) the present index also includes

detailed locality data and repository of the types.

With the increasing availability of taxonomic databases such as the

Zoological Record or th

m eem obsolete. Many of these resources, however, are incomplete and/or

accessible for subscribers only. Despite the benefits of an online database, there

are many instances where an old-fashioned catalogue is quite handy, be it in the

storage area of a museum or during field work in remote places.

KIER, P.M. & LAWSON, M.H. 1978. Index of living and fossil echinoids 1924-1970. –

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 34: 1-182.

LAMBERT, J. & THIÉRY, P. 1909-1925. Essai de Nomenclature Raisonnée des Echinides. –

iii+607 pp. Chaumont (L. Ferrière).

24.-26. October 2008 25


Crinoids from the Tithonian of the Klippenbelt (Jurassic, Austria)

(Poster)

ANDREAS KROH1 & ALEXANDER LUKENEDER2

1, 2 rhistorisches Museum Wien, Geologisch-Paläontologische Abteilung, Burgring 7, 1010 Wien,

Österreich; e-mail: [email protected]

Natu

f strongly tilted, inverse, well-bedded marls and limestones of the

Blassenstein Formation. At the base marls and marly limestone bands dominate,

being replaced by increasingly pure limestones towards the top. Based on

preliminary data from ammonites, palaeomagnetics, nannofossils and

calpionellids (LUKENEDER, in press; PRUNER et al., in press; REHÁKOVÁ et al., in

press) the section comprises a continuous succession of Lower Tithonian to

Middle Berriasian strata.

Microfacies analysis of the more strongly lithified parts of the section

revealed high abundances of crinoidal remains, particularly in the lower part.

Based on cross section shape these fragments could be tentatively assigned to

saccocomid crinoids.

In order to obtain three-dimensional specimens of the crinoids, as well as

other microfossils commonly observed in the thin sections (namely foraminifera,

ostracods, rhyncholiths, small aptychi, ophiuroid remains, etc.) the marly parts

of the succession (i.e. the lower 8 m) were sampled intensely. Employing a

combination of traditional (hydrogene-superoxide) as well as specialized agents

(the tenside Rewoquat) it was possible to disaggregate the bulk samples and

clean the microfossils.

A first survey of the residues shows high abundances of the pelagic crinoid

Saccocoma tenella (GOLDFUSS, 1831) in the lower 6 metres of the section. The

crinoids are represented by isolated radial and brachial ossicles mainly. The

former being characterized by their arrow-head like shape with serrated edges

and coarse reticulate sculpture, the latter by its disc-like wings (in the proximal

brachials). Above, calyxes of the cyrtocriid Phyllocrinus belbekenis ARENDT, 1974

appear, while saccocomid remains become rare and vanish. Additionally, juvenile

columnals tentatively referred to the Margocrinus/Balanocrinus-group

sporadically occur in the lower part of the succession.

1, [email protected] 2

The Nutzhof section, 5 km north of Hainfeld, comprises an 18 metre long

succession o

26 24.-26. October 2008


In the upper part of the section bulk sampling was unsuccessful due to low clay

content and high lithification of the rocks. Thin sections, however, show that the

saccocomid-rich microfacies is replaced by pure calpionellid limestone, that can

eted as more distally situated pelagic facies.

Similar successions have been documented from other parts of Austria,

related to changes of current patterns, possibly

caused by geodynamically induced palaeogeographic changes and basinal

be interpr

Czech Republic and Poland as well. It is likely that the observed changes in

lithology and microfauna are

deepening.

24.-26. October 2008 27


Temperature effect on feed consumption, absorption and

assimilation efficiencies and production in the sea urchin

locentrotus intermedius

oster)

ON L.

WATTS4

ail:

[email protected]

ood or absorption

efficiency. Temperature had little effect on assimilation efficiency except for a

significant decrease at 22 °C. The gonad index was consistently least at 22 °C.

Organic matter production in the gonads was greatest and earliest (April) at 12

and 17 °C. Because S. intermedius has a great ability to acclimate to

temperature, temperature should not be a great concern in land aquaculture.

Under the conditions of this experiment, S. intermedius in culture produced

gonads of marketable size (gonad index >15) within one month.

Strongy

(P

JOHN M. LAWRENCE1,*, XUEBIN CAO2, YAQING CHANG2, PING WANG2, Y. YU2, ADDIS

LAWRENCE3, STEPHEN A.

1 Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa Florida 33620, U.S.A; e-m

la

2 Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Biotechnology, Dalian Fisheries University, 52 Heishijiao Street,

Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, People’s Republic of China

3 Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M System, 1300 Port Street, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, U.S.A.

4 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,

U.S.A.

Strongylocentrotus intermedius is one of the most economically important

species of sea urchins and has great potential for aquaculture. It is essential to

understand how temperature affects utilization of nutrients and production as

controlled temperature may be an important expense in land aquaculture and

affect optimization of production. We maintained large (5 cm test diameter) S.

intermedius in the laboratory and fed them a formulated feed from 28 February

when the gonads were small (gonad index, GI, ~10) and sea water temperature

was low (7 °C) until 27 June when sea water temperature was high (24 °C)

under five temperature treatments (environmental temperature, 7, 12, 17 and

22 °C. Temperature had little effect on rate of consumption of f

28 24.-26. October 2008


Amount of arm loss and rate of arm regeneration by Luidia

(Echinodermata: Asteroidea)

Poster)

logy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, U.S.A.; e-mail:

[email protected]

.38 ± 1.97 mm.

l regenerated arms had mean lengths (±SE) of 10.96 ± 0.90,

t phase

f intact arms and of arms regenerating

clathrata

(

J.M. LAWRENCE1 & C.M. POMORY2

1 Department of Bio

la

2 Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, U.S.A.

Three contiguous arms of Luidia. clathrata were amputated. The initial mean

lengths (±SE) of the two intact arms were 57.36 ± 2.13 and 57

The initial mean lengths of the amputated arm stumps were 12.18 ± 0.59

(proximal), 25.91 ± 1.67 (medial) and 42.25 ± 1.37 (distal) mm. Buds appeared

on all amputated arms after approximately 8 days. After 54 days proximal,

medial and dista

7.69 ± 0.61 and 3.99 ± 0.38 mm, mean dry weights (±SE) of 41.75 ± 6.79,

20.95 ± 3.18, 8.07 ± 1.13 mg, and mean amounts of organic matter (pooled

samples) of 6, 3 and 1 mg, respectively. All three arm positions are statistically

different from one another (P<0.001). Appearance of arm buds is the firs

of arm regeneration and is independent of level of amputation. Growth of

regeneration is the second phase and is dependent on level of amputation.

Studies have reported rate of growth o

from the disc also declines as the asymptotic length of the arm is reached. This

suggests similar mechanisms of control of growth occur in all three situations, all

depending on the relative position of the regenerating arm tip.

24.-26. October 2008 29


Seastars (Asteroidea) from Madagascar

(Vortrag)

HORST MOOSLEITNER

Organismische Biologie, Universität Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; e-mail:

[email protected]

About a small collection of shallow water seastars from NW-Madagascar

The inspection of a small collection of seastars, Mr. Hinterkircher (Munich) had

sampled 2007 in NW-Madagascar, showed astonishing results:

The collection included not only seastars known from that region (LORIOL 1885),

like Protoreaster linckii (DE BLAINVILLE, 1834), Fromia milleporella (LAMARCK,

1816) and Monachaster sanderi (MEISSNER, 1892), but some species not known

from there, too.

One of them was Fromia indica (PERRIER, 1869). Its discovery is

this species was hitherto known only from places east of the

aldives and the Lakkadives (CLARK & ROWE 1971, MOOSLEITNER 1997, SASTRY

ese islands lie more than 3000 km away from Madagascar.

One spe

confirm to any species known. It was sent to Mr. O’L (Australia), a

specialist for tha

as the discovery of the seastar Ophidiaster

seast n from the Indian

arma of the two species was

applicable. The seastar from Madagascar fits not only to the key for that species,

but also in all important details to O. granifer. Exact details are given in the

presentation. O. granifer was hitherto known from the easternmost part of the

Indian Ozean and from the western–central Pacific (to Japan und to the island of

the South Pacific). This finding expands the range of occurrence across the whole

Indian Ocean to western Madagascar.

astonishing because

M

2007), and th

cimen of Aquilonastra sp. could not be classified as it did not

OUGHLYN

t genus, for inspection.

The most astonishing result w

granifer, LÜTKEN 1872. The determination first seemed to be impossible, as the

ar did not confirm to the description of any species know

Ocean. Frank ROWE gave me the crucial tip to include Ophidiaster granifer and O.

tus into my investigations. He was right, the first

30 24.-26. October 2008


Ophidiaster granifer

References

C , A.M. & F.W.E. R , 1971. Monograph of Shallow-Water Indo-West Pacific LARK OWE

Echinoderms. Trusteet of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London. 238 pp.

DE LORIOL P., 1885. Catalogue Raisonne des Echinodermes recueillis par M.V.de ROBILLARD

a l’ile Maurice, II Stellerides. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire

Naturelle de Genève 29/4: 1-84.

MOOSLEITNER, H., 1997. Shallow water Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the coral reefs of

the Maldive Islands. Revue française d'Aquariologie 24: 3-14.

SASTRY, D.R.K., 2007. Echinodermata of India: An annotated list. Records of the

Zoological Survey India, Occassional Paper 271: 1-387.

24.-26. October 2008 31


Morphologie und Faziesverteilung des indo-pazifischen Seeigels

Jacksonaster depressum

(Vortrag)

d. Diese Seeigel sind kaum untersucht worden und

pikalsystem, Petalodium, Lage und Ausmaß des Peristoms

JAMES NEBELSICK1 & ATEF ABD EL-HAMIED A. S. ELATTAAR2

1 Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72076

Tübingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Geology Department, Sohag Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, P. O.

Box 82524, Egypt; e-mail: [email protected]

Jacksonaster depressum ist ein irregulärer indopazifischer Seeigel der Ordnung

Clypeasteroida. Das bearbeitete Material stammt aus der Nördlichen Bucht von

Safaga, Rotes Meer, Ägypten, wo dieser Seeigel am häufigsten in schlammigen

Sanden in Tiefen von 20 – 50 Meter anzutreffen ist. Der Seeigel erreicht Größen

von bis zu 3 cm und zeigt die für diese Ordnung charakteristische abgeflachte

Schale mit internen Stützelementen, die in dieser Gattung auf den äußeren Rand

des Tieres beschränkt sin

leben wahrscheinlich infaunal als Detritivor.

Wir haben die Skelettmorphologie, Taphonomie und ökologische Verteilung von

zahlreichen Exemplaren innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebietes studiert. Hierbei

wurden sowohl lebende wie auch tote Schalen inkludiert, die durch verschiedene

Methoden aufgesammelt worden sind. Vermessungen von spezifischen

morphologischen Merkmalen wurden durchgeführt, z.B. die allgemeinen

Schalenparameter, A

und Periprokts usw.. Außerdem wurden REM - Aufnahmen von Stacheln,

Pedicellarien, Tuberkeln wie auch von den Poren gemacht. Zusätzlich wurden

Differenzierungen im Stereom notiert. Die Variation dieser morphologische

Parameter zwischen lebenden und toten Tiere wurde analysiert, und zwar

innerhalb der Gesamtpopulation, wie auch zwischen unterschiedlichen

Probenpunkten und Faziestypen.

32 24.-26. October 2008


Taphonomie von Jacksonaster depressum (Echinoidea:

Clypeasteroida) aus dem Roten Meer

(Poster)

JAMES NEBELSICK1 & ATEF ABD EL-HAMIED A. S. ELATTAAR2

2076

gen.de

Geology Department, Sohag Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, P. O.

e Zerstörung der Schale könnte sowohl an „kompletten“

au

rozesse

1 Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, 7

Tübingen, Deutschland; e-mail: nebelsick@uni-tuebin2

Box 82524, Egypt; e-mail: [email protected]

Jacksonaster depressum ist ein irregulärer indopazifischer Seeigel der Ordnung

Clypeasteroida. Das bearbeitete Material stammt aus der Nördlichen Bucht von

Safaga, Rotes Meer, Ägypten, wo dieser Seeigel am häufigsten in schlammigen

Sanden in Tiefen von 20 – 50 Meter anzutreffen ist. Dieser Seeigel zeigt die für

diese Ordnung charakteristische abgeflachte Schale mit internen Stützelementen,

die für die Erhaltung signifikant sind. Die Taphonomie dieser Seeigel ist bis jetzt

kaum untersucht worden.

Die taphonomisch

als ch an Fragmenten erfolgen. Die taphonomische Merkmale können anhand

von der Veränderungen von Oberflächenmerkmalen wie Tuberkulation oder

Stereomtypen charakterisiert werden. Eine Vielzahl von taphonomischen

Prozessen konnte beobachtet werden, u.a. Disartikulation, Fragmentation,

Inkrustation wie auch Bioerosion. Angriffe durch Räuber spielen auch eine

wichtige Rolle bei der Zerstörung der Schale und der Produktion von

Schalenfragmenten.

Eine Reihe von Fragen stellen sich bezüglich der Taphonomie von

Jacksonaster: 1) Wie beeinflusst die Morphologie von Jacksonaster die

beobachteten taphonomischen Signaturen? 2) Welche taphonomischen P

sind für die Zerstörung wie auch Erhaltung dieser Gattung von Bedeutung, und

3) wie ist das Erhaltungspotential dise Seeigel in Vergleich zu anderen

Clypeasteroiden des Roten Meeres, wie Clypeaster, Echinodiscus, Fibularia und

Echinocyamus? Charakteristisch für Jacksonaster ist z.B. ihre Erhaltung als

ringförmige Schalenreste, ein Erhaltungsform, die bei den anderen oben

aufgeführten Seeigeln kaum in Erscheinung tritt.

24.-26. October 2008 33


Skelett-Endosymbionten fossiler und rezenter Echinodermen: Von

Bioklaustrationen zu komplexen Strukturen

(Vortrag)

CHRISTIAN NEUMANN

Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin,

Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

Als Symbiose wird das Zusammenleben von Organismen unterschiedlicher

Artzugehörigkeit bezeichnet. Evolutionsbiologisch sind Symbiosen sehr

interessant, denn sie erfordern in der Regel einen hohen Grad an Spezialisierung

mindestens bei einem der beiden Partner. Verschiedene Fragen tun sich auf: Wie

sind diese oft komplexen Wirt/Symbiont-Systeme entstanden? Wie haben sich

Symbiosen über geologische Zeiträume verändert? Inwiefern sind dabei Prozesse

der Koevolution beteiligt? Fragen, die bisher schwer zu beantworten waren, denn

Symbiosen sind im Fossilbericht kaum überliefert. Ausnahmen sind solche

Interaktionen, die Spuren an den erhaltungsfähigen Hartteilen (Schalen,

Skelette) hinterließen.

auf ihrer

Körperoberfläche festgesetzt haben, mit ihrem Skelettgewebe zu überwachsen

(Neoplasie, Callus-Bildung). Diese Abwehrreaktion machen sich manche

Symbionten zu Nutze: Das „Überwuchert-werden“ durch das Kalzitskelett des

Wirtes bietet Vorteile, wie etwa einen besseren Schutz vor Fressfeinden.

So sind Crinoiden bevorzugte Wirte von Symbionten. Als passive Filtrierer

besitzen sie einen Stiel, der eine günstige Position des Fressapparates innerhalb

der Wasserströmung gewährleistet. Für andere filtrierende Organismen bilden die

Stiele eine willkommene Struktur, um sich darauf festzusetzen und so

„kostenlos“ in die Meeresströmung zu gelangen(„secondary tiering“). Als

Abwehrreaktion versucht die Seelilie oftmals, die unerwünschten Untermieter mit

ihrem Skelett geschwulstartig zu überwachsen. Bereits im Paläozoikum passen

Echinodermen bieten sich modellhaft für die Untersuchung fossiler

Symbiosen an, denn bei ihrem Innenskelett handelt es sich um ein lebendes

Gewebe, welches direkt und plastisch auf Irritationen (wie etwa einen

Parasitenbefall) reagieren kann. Diese Gewebeveränderungen sind fossil

erhaltungsfähig und somit vom Paläontologen interpretierbar. So versuchen

Stachelhäuter oft, unerwünschte Fremdorganismen, die sich

34 24.-26. October 2008


sich Vertreter unterschiedlichster taxonomischer Zugehörigkeit an diese

Wirtsreaktion an und gehen zu einer endosymbiontischen Lebensweise über. Um

ändige Einkapselung durch das Wirtsgewebe zu verhindern, bedarf es

ewisser Anpassungen von Seiten des Symbionten. So entstanden schließlich aus

ett-Einbettungen (Bioklaustrationen) hochkomplexe gallenartige

zen.

und Funktionsweise solcher Gallen lässt sich beispielhaft an

allen parasitischer Schnecken (Fam. Eulimidae) in den Stacheln von

icht überlieferten

eine vollst

g

einfachen Skel

Strukturen, welche physiologischen Prozesse des Symbionten unterstüt

Die Bildungs-

G

Lanzenseeigeln(Cidaroida) untersuchen: Hier nimmt der Parasit wesentlichen

Einfluss auf die Art und Weise der Gewebereaktion seines Wirtes. Je nach

Schneckenart sind die Gallen in ihrer Struktur höchst unterschiedlich und oftmals

hochkomplex. Es ist anzunehmen, dass die Morphologie der Gallen vom Genom

der Schnecken kontrolliert wird, obwohl die Galle selbst eine Bildung des Wirtes

ist („extended phenotype“). Sollte diese Hypothese zutreffen, offenbart sich darin

die Chance, anhand fossiler Gallen die Phylogenie ihrer n

Bewohner zu rekonstruieren und schließlich durch den Vergleich mit der

Phylogenie ihrer Wirte koevolutionäre Prozesse (z.B. Kospeziation)

nachzuweisen.

Mit Hilfe Computer-tomographischer Methoden wurden dreidimensionale

Einblicke in die Internstruktur des Skeletts befallener fossiler und rezenter

Echinodermen gewonnen, ohne dass dabei die Objekte zerstört werden mussten.

Dabei wurde sowohl Neutronen- als auch hochauflösende Synchrotronstrahlung

eingesetzt und spektakuläre Einblicke in das verborgene Innenleben längst

vergangener Lebensgemeinschaften gewonnen.

24.-26. October 2008 35


Echinoids from the Neogene of Portugal mainland: Systematics,

Palaeoecology, Palaeobiogeography

(Vortrag)

PEDRO PEREIRA

Universidade Aberta, Rua Fernão Lopez, 9, 1° Esa, 1000-132 Lisboa, Portugal; e-mail:

[email protected]

The Portuguese Neogene echinoid fauna is reviewed in order to establish a

taxonomically standardised echinoid database. 41 taxa, including one new genus

and new species, from the Burdigalian and Middle Miocene of the Lower Tagus

Basin and Middle Miocene of Algarve and two taxa from the Middle Pliocene of

Mondego Basin are described. 25 taxa are reported for the first time from

Portugal mainland, while 23 of the previously reported Miocene species were

excluded (for different reasons) from the accepted species list.

This study uses echinoid diversity and the present geographic distribution

of genera that already existed during Neogene to assess climatic changes in the

Neogene of Portugal.

The presently available data suggest tropical conditions for the Burdigalian

(Neogene Cycle I) and Lower Langhian (Early Neogene Cycle II) of the Lower

Tagus Basin, followed by a temperature drop, coincident with the end of the

Upper Burdigalian-Lower Langhian Climatic Optimum. This temperature drop is

reflected by the reduction of the echinoid diversity, the disappearance of several

species, particularly among clypeasteroids and cassiduloids, and by the

appearance and following dominance of euechinoids (mainly, Psammechinus)

and Echinocyamus.

In Algarve the echinoid data suggest, for the Middle Miocene (Neogene

Cycle II), tropical conditions for that region and, for the Upper Tortonian

(Neogene Cycle III), probably subtropical conditions.

During the Neogene Cycle II there was a clear temperature gradient between

Algarve (warmer) and Lower Tagus Basin (less warm) which is obviously related

to the more southerly position of Algarve.

For the Middle Pliocene (Neogene Cycle III) of the in Mondego Basin the

echinoid data are two few to allow a palaeoclimate interpretation, but gastropod

data suggest subtropical conditions.

36 24.-26. October 2008


The echinoid fauna of Portugal mainland is closely related to that of the

Mediterranean region. In fact, the biogeographic investigation of the Portuguese

una shows that a major part of the Portuguese species is composed by

migrants from the Mediterranean area (42.9% of the fauna in the Burdigalian

ecies not exceeding 25% of total Portuguese echinoid fauna.

echinoid fa

im

and 60.9% in the Middle Miocene). Endemism is low during Miocene, with

endemic sp

24.-26. October 2008 37


Phylogenetic relationships within Echinodermata based on

mitochondrial sequence data

(Vortrag)

MARLEEN PERSEKE1, GUIDO FRITZSCH2, DETLEF BERNHARD1, PETER F. STADLER2 & MARTIN

Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107

the ophiuroids are strongly

idea becomes

extended dataset for phylogenetic

analyses, the Echinodermata and all five echinoderm groups are clearly

recovered as monophyletic groups. Within the Echinodermata only the

relationships between Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea are unstable

depending on the analyses method used. Most analyses show Holothuroidea as

sistergoup of a clade consisting of Echinoidea and Asteroidea. However, the basal

branching of Ophiuroidea within echinoderms persists in all analyses with strong

support and keeps the main problem within the mitochondrial dataset.

SCHLEGEL1

1 Institute of Biology II, Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig,

Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

2

Leipzig, Deutschland

Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within Echinodermata seems to be

difficult using mitochondrial datasets. Especially

different compared to the other echinoderm groups. However, only two complete

mitochondrial gene orders of ophiuroids are known. In our analyses this dataset

was expanded to a total of six mitochondrial genomes of ophiuroids with 3 new

families: Ophiocomidae, Amphiuridae and Gorgonocephalidae. With these new

mitochondrial gene orders, a consensus gene order of Ophiuro

apparent with only moderate rearrangement events within this group.

Additionally, new complete mitochondrial genomes from other echinoderm

groups were determined: an irregular echinoid and a further holothuroid. Both

mitochondrial genomes show no gene order rearrangements compared to the

known gene order of echinoids.

Using the amino acid sequences of this

38 24.-26. October 2008


New insights into early diversification of sea cucumbers as

inferred from calcareous ring material (Ordovician/Silurian,

ndia)

Vortrag)

n & Geopark,

oldschmidtstr. 1-5, 37077 Göttingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

g tissue.

as stem group representatives.

well as providing

Baltosca

(

MIKE REICH

Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Museum, Sammlunge

G

Compared to other modern Echinodermata, the early evolutionary history of

holothurians is poorly understood. In part, this is due to their disjunct

endoskeleton with ossicles and calcareous ring elements, which are released

following decomposition of the surroundin

Newly sampled Silurian sections on Gotland, Sweden, yield well-preserved

echinozoan echinoderms, including more than 1000 isolated calcareous ring

elements. The studied material is Telychian to Ludfordian (Early to Late Silurian)

in age and reveals the presence of several new taxa of arthrochirotid (extinct)

and apodid sea cucumbers as well

The calcareous pharyngeal ring (CR) is a defining feature of sea cucumbers

and is possessed by nearly all extant species. The CR supports the pharynx, the

water vascular system and tentacle ampullae in part, as

insertion points for the muscles. Therefore calcareous rings are distinct for

systematics and phylogeny, and important evolutionary structures.

The new material shows, that the Holothuroidea diversified significantly

through Late Ordovician and Silurian times.

24.-26. October 2008 39


A nearly articulated holothurian from the Santonian (Cretaceous)

of England

(Poster)

M EICH

Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Museum, Sammlungen & Geopark,

Goldschmidtstr. 1-5, 37077 Göttingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

With the exception of the Maa

IKE R

strichtian, only scarce data exist on fossil

ontsec area, Spain; both referred to the

podida and Dendrochirotida.

port the discovery of a nearly articulated holothuroid specimen

exac

ossic

likely to the family Holothuriidae.

ristic (Mertensiothuria), H.

(Microthele), and H. (Semperothuria) and H. (Theelothuria).

According to the decomposition of the surrounding tissue after death of the

animal, only a part of the former body skeleton is preserved; the anterior part of

the skeleton (calcareous ring) is missing. Due to the well-preserved body-wall

ossicles and the formation of the ossicles of the new find, I can exclude a

digestion and excretion of the sea cucumber by any predator.

After comparison with modern members of the Holothuriidae, we can

probably speculate that the body of our new Santonian species was also

cylindrical, elongate and scattered with numerous podia over the entire body,

dorsally as papillae, ventrally as cylindrical tube feet.

A wider distribution of the new genus / species can also be assumed,

because comparable long button-shaped sclerites were also known from Early

and Late Maastrichtian chalk sediments of the islands of Møn (Denmark) and

Rügen (NE Germany) as well as the Baltic Sea.

holothurians from the Upper Cretaceous, especially the Santonian. Up to now,

only two records have been mentioned worldwide: (1) from the Münsterland

area, Germany, and (2) from the M

A

Here I re

from the “Upper Chalk” (Santonian; BMNH E 48764) of England (unfortunately

t locality unknown). The unique specimen shows two different types of

les: (A) tables and (B) buttons, demonstrating aspidochirote affinities, very

Concerning the morphology of the buttons the new find share characte-

s with tube feet and papillae ossicles of Holothuria

40 24.-26. October 2008


Holothuriid sea cucumbers are globally distributed and primarily deposit-feeders.

Modern members of the Holothuriidae inhabit the tropical eulittoral, usually coral

adjacent sandy areas; only a few species were known from temperate

hallows and deeper waters (bathyal depths).

dering how important aspidochirote sea cucumbers are today (nearly

y

tly investigated

y KERR et al. (2005) and SAMYN et al. (2005), unfortunately without detailed

SAMYN, Y., APPELTANS, W. & KERR, A.M., 2005. Phylogeny of Labidodemas and the

irotida) as inferred from morphology.

Z

reefs and

s

Consi

¼ of all known modern species), their fossil record is meagre and poorl

understood. The phylogeny of the family Holothuriidae was recen

b

consideration to the fossil record.

The origin and early diversification of the Holothuriidae can be located in

the Late Palaeozoic. There is still a hidden Mesozoic diversity since detailed

investigations are missing or sparse.

References

KERR, A.M., JANIES, D.A., CLOUSE, R.M., SAMYN, Y., KUSZAK, J. & KIM, Junhyong, 2005.

Molecular Phylogeny of Coral-Reef Sea Cucumbers (Holothuriidae: Aspidochirotida)

Based on 16S Mitochondrial Ribosomal DNA Sequence. Marine Biotechnology 7/1:

53-60.

Holothuriidae (Holothuroidea: Aspidoch

oological Journal of the Linnean Society 144/1: 103-120.

24.-26. October 2008 41


Unusual holothurians (Echinodermata) from the Late Ordovician of

oster)

Geopark,

gen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

his study shows that the Holothuroidea diversified significantly through Late

rdovician times.

Sweden

(P

MIKE REICH

Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Museum, Sammlungen &

Goldschmidtstr. 1-5, 37077 Göttin

Compared to other modern echinoderms, the early evolutionary history of sea

cucumbers is poorly understood. In part, this is due to their disjunct

endoskeleton with ossicles and calcareous ring elements, which are released

following decomposition of the surrounding tissue.

Newly sampled öjlemyr flints from the northwestern part of Gotland,

Sweden, yield well-preserved echinozoan echinoderms, including holothurian

ossicles. The studied material is Ashgill (upper Pirgu stage) in age and reveals

the presence of several new or poorly known taxa of elasipodid, aspidochirote,

and apodid holothurians or stem group representatives. The minute ossicles,

around 70–400 µm in length / diameter, exhibit an impressive morphology with

arms, spires, perforations, teeth etc.

The new material differs from previous described Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and

modern material by unusual symmetry.

T

O

42 24.-26. October 2008


Signs of predation on Middle Triassic crinoids form Poland

(Poster)

MARIUSZ A. SALAMON1 & PRZEMYSŁAW GORZELAK2

1, 2 University of Silesia, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department of Palaeontology & Biostratigraphy,

Bedzinska Str. 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] ,

[email protected]

Observations of both extant and fossil crinoids indicate that the range of their

natural predators includes fishes, arthropods, asteroids and echinoids (Baumiller

et al., 2008 and the references cited therein). Using large samples of

disarticulated fossil crinoids from numerous Middle Triassic localities, we looked

for evidence of bite marks produced by predators. A large proportion of

columnals possessed characteristic scratches and pits imprinted in stereom.

Some of these signs are very similar to those found on Late Jurassic and Late

Cretaceous crinoids and ascribed to predation (comp. JAGT 1999, pl. 35, figs. 5,

10; JAGT & SALAMON 2007, pl. 3, fig. 4; GORZELAK & SALAMON in press, fig. 2).

These scratches are relatively shallow (0.1-1.3 mm deep), but clean, cuts in the

tereom of the ossicle surface. They are 0.1-1.1 mm wide and up to 2.1 mm

are usually perpendicular to the surface of the ossicle and their

s

long. The pits

outline is circular or slightly oval. Their diameter varies form 0.15 to 0.7 mm.

A,B – bite marks (dotted line) and C – traces of regeneration (arrow) on Middle

Triassic crinoids from Poland [Gogolin Beds (Lower Anisian, Muschelkalk); Upper

Silesia area). Scale bars equal 1mm.

24.-26. October 2008 43


They are relatively shallow (0.2-1.4 mm) and taper towards the bottom. In most

ossicles these marks occur on the external part of the lateral faces of well

columnals/pluricolumnals which are distict from abrasion suggesting

at the crinoid material was fresh and probably live, when the marks were made

s evidence of predation. This is also consistent with the fact that

hological

nomalies and regeneration traces.

e crinoids that

ds and holocrinids),

34/1: 22-34.

s

he southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium – Part 2: Crinoids. -

Scripta Geologica, 116: 59-255.

id crinoids from

southern Poland – preliminary observations. - Scripta Geologica, 134: 61-76.

preserved

th

and we treat it a

certain ossicles, which possess bite marks, comprise also some pat

a

It has been argued that predation increases over geological time should

result in increases in defensive adaptations in prey taxa. It seems that most of

the major functional "experiments" in post-Paleozoic articulat

occurred during the Triassic can be described in terms of predation including

planktonic microcrinoids (roveacrinids), pseudoplanktonic stalked crinoids

(traumatocrinids and pentacrinids), strongly anti-predatory specialised

cyrtocrinids, stalk and arm shedding benthic crinoids (isocrini

free moving crinoids (paracomatulids). The high bite mark frequency on Early

Mesozoic crinoids from Poland proves that the evolution of morphologies and

behaviors of the above mentioned groups was stimulated by their interactions

with predators.

References

BAUMILLER, T.K., MOOI, R. & MESSING, C.G. (2008): Urchins in the meadow: paleobiological

and evolutionary implications of cidaroid predation on crinoids. - Paleobiology,

GORZELAK, P. & SALAMON, M.A. (in press): Signs of benthic predation on Late Jurassic

talked crinoids; preliminary data. - Palaios.

JAGT, J.W.M. (1999): Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene echinoderms and the K/T

boundary in t

JAGT, J.W.M. & SALAMON, M.A. (2007): Late Cretaceous bourgueticrin

44 24.-26. October 2008


Are that sea urchins ???? - The strange morphology of the echinoid

e deep-sea.

During the Challenger-Expedition 1873 – 1876 most of them were dredged

The typical features for all species are a deep peristomial groove

expressed in juveniles, but

ecome progressively more and more obvious during ontogeny. These changing

made explanations on plate homologies rather problematic.

ry (EAT) by MOOI et al. (1994), DAVID & MOOI

for new

interpretations.

family Pourtalesiidae

(Vortrag)

HEINKE SCHULTZ

Dorfstr. 32, 25485 Hemdingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

The family consists of species with very strangely transformed architectures

looking like a bottle or a vase rather than a pentameral echinoid. At least seven

extant genera belong to the pourtalesiids, living in th

for the first time and were described by A. AGASSIZ (1881). LOVÉN (1883) and

MORTENSEN (1907, 1950) covered the pourtalesiids exhaustively – and all studies

based on a very small number or even on a single specimen.

Russian research expeditions have brought new specimens of abyssal

species, which were described by A. MIRONOV in the seventies and nineties. This

year (2008) he wrote a publication on echinoids from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,

which were dredged at depths of about 620 to 3460 m.

anteriorly, a disjunct apical system and on the oral side an interrupted

interambulacrum IA 5. The strange shapes are not

b

plate patterns

The Extraxial-axial Theo

(1996, 1998), including the Ocular Plate Rule, was the base

Two areas on the surface of pourtalesiids are of special interest:

1. The apical system on the aboral side: The holasteroid apical system is typically

ated, but compact. Behielong nd the single ocular plate OIII follow towards the

OII), sterior oculars (OI

posterior two genital plates (G2 + G3), then the two anterior oculars (OIV and

the two posterior genital plates (G1 + G4) and the po

and OV).

24.-26. October 2008 45


scheme is modified in the members of the pourtalesiids:

e genus Echinosigra there are only gonopores

This

In th in the two anterior genital

perfo y stay in contact with the posterior oculars.

apica

two perforating the following ocular plates. The posterior genital plates are

separated and without function, and the posterior ocular plates are again

separated from the genitals and from each other.

2. The plastron on the oral side

plates, but the posterior genitals shift towards the posterior. They are not

rated by a pore and the

In the genus Pourtalesia the adult specimens display another “model” of

l pattern: There are four gonopores, two in the anterior genital plates and

: The holasteroid plastron (interambulacrum IA 5)

is usually composed by a labral plate, followed by a single sternal plate and then

two episternal plates. In very young pourtalesiids this pattern is still present, but

during ontogeny the adjacent ambulacral plates shift towards the midline

separating the sternum from the labrum. In adult Pourtalesia (and Cystocrepis)

the ambulacral plates of each column are positioned one in front of the other

pushing the labrum towards the anterior into the peristomial groove.

Detailed and illustrated descriptions of the pourtalesiid species will be displayed

in the book: Sea urchins of the deep-sea (in prep.).

References

(more references in the book)

AGASSIZ, A., 1881. Report on the Challenger-Expedition. Zool. 3(9): 1-321.

DAVID, B. 1987. Dynamics of plate growth in the deep-sea echinoid Pourtalesia miranda

Agassiz: a new architectural interpretation. Bulletin of Marine Science 40(1): 29-

47.

LOVÉN, S., 1883. On Pourtalesia. A genus of Echinoidea. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-

Akademiens Handlingar 19/7: 1-95.

MIRONOV, A.N., 2008. Pourtalesiid sea urchins of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine

Biology Research 4: 3-24.

MOOI, R. & DAVID, B., 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of extreme morphologies: deep-sea

holasteroid echinoids. Journal of Natural History 30: 913-953.

MOOI, R. & DAVID, B. 1998. Evolution within a bizarre phylum: Homologies of the first

echinoderms. American Zoologist 38: 965-974

46 24.-26. October 2008


MOOI, R., DAVID, B. & MARCHAND, D., 1994. Echinoderm skeletal homologies.: Classical

morphology meets modern phylogenetics. Proc. 18th Intern. Echinoderm

, Dijon 1994. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

MORTENSEN, T., 1907. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Vol. IV Echinoidea (Part II). - 200

pp., Copenhagen.

. A Monograph of the Echinoidea. V, 1. Spatangoida I. Protosternata,

eridæ, Hemiasteridæ. – 432 pp., Copenhagen (C. A. Reitzel).

Conference

MORTENSEN, T., 1950

Meridosternata, Amphisternata I. Palæopneustidæ, Palæostomatidæ, Aëropsidæ,

Toxasteridæ, Micrast

24.-26. October 2008 47


The early history of echinoderms: new insights from disarticulated

d middle Cambrian ossicles.

eynote)

eum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;

ur current view of the early history of echinoderms is based largely on

early an

(K

ANDREW B SMITH

Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Mus

e-mail: [email protected]

O

articulate specimens from Cambrian deposits of North America and Europe.

However, Cambrian deposits in Australia and North Africa that are rich in

echinoderm debris suggests this is a very incomplete picture and provide

important glimpses into an unseen diversity. Furthermore this material is often

exquisitely preserved, allowing the detailed study of skeletal histology and

reconstruction of the soft-tissue anatomy of primitive echinoderms. Middle

Cambrian columnals show unexpected diversity and provide information on the

ligamental structure of the stem, while Australian material includes various

elements of a pelmatozoan with uniserial arms. These finds are leading to a

reinterpretation of distinction between Crinozoa and Blastozoa and the earliest

history of the Pelmatozoa.

48 24.-26. October 2008


Rhaetian ophiuroids from the Netherlands: a preliminary report

(Poster)

BEN THUY1, ADIËL A. KLOMPMAKER2 & JOHN W. M. JAGT3

eowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076

3 Natuurhistorisch Museu

Nethe

For the first t

Winterswijk, eastern Netherlands. Strata excavated at the quarry comprise

mainl

their body fossils and traces. Recently, a subrosion pipe fill

early

in prep.). Also, similar, early to middle Rhaetian dark shales occur in situ in the

prep ollected from both shale

appearances of the quarry by splitting the soft slabs. Specimens generally are

rare and occur individually or in groups of three to four individuals.

The material consists of more than 15 complete and articulated specimens

and disc fragments, plus some 30 arm fragments. Specimen size (disc diameter)

ranges from about 1 to 6 mm. Most specimens are at least partially pyritised.

Compaction and recrystallisation, however, tend to blur morphological details of

many specimens. To make matters worse, small gypsum needles and

encrustations formed some weeks after recovery of the slabs, preferably on the

ophiuroid remains. However, in thoroughly pyritised specimens, brief exposure to

a 20% H2O2-solution turned out to be succesfull - disc and arm fragments could

be freed from the matrix and from thin clayey encrustations. This preparation

method leaves specimens prone to fragmentation but it does render them

perfectly exposed and suitable for SEM-examination.

The prepared specimens exhibit enough morphological detail to be

taxonomically assessed. First observations suggest that the faunule is

monospecific. There are affinities with species of the genus Aplocoma D’ORBIGNY,

1852, and ongoing investigations aim at a precise taxonomic assignment and

1, 2 Institut für G

Tübingen, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

m Maastricht, de Bosquetplein 6-7, NL-6200 AW Maastricht, The

rlands; e-mail: [email protected]

ime, ophiuroids are recorded from the quarry complex at

y Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian, Middle Triassic) limestones, renowned for

abundant vertebrate

in the Muschelkalk (OOSTERINK et al. 2006) yielded dark shales being dated as

to middle Rhaetian on bivalve and palynological evidence (KLOMPMAKER et al.

northern part of the quarry complex (HERNGREEN et al. 2005; KLOMPMAKER et al. in

.). The ophiuroid faunule presented herein was c

24.-26. October 2008 49


comparison with other Rhaetian ophiuroids from Europe and especially from the

lithologically comparable Penarth Group in Britain (HESS 1965; SWIFT & MARTILL

, G.F.W., V K - C , J.H.A. & O , H.W., 2005. New

quarry, the eastern Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84: 409-413.

Mitteilungen aus der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische

1999).

References

HERNGREEN AN ONIJNENBURG VAN ITTERT OSTERINK

geological data (Middle Triassic, Rhaetian-Liassic and Oligocene) of the Winterswijk

HESS, H., 1965. Trias-Ophiuren aus Deutschland, England, Italien und Spanien.

Geologie 5: 151-177.

KLOMPMAKER, A.A., HERNGREEN, G.F.W. & OOSTERINK, H., (in prep.). Uppermost Triassic

(Rhaetic) sediments and subrosion pipe age and stratigraphy at Winterswijk, the

eastern Netherlands.

OOSTERINK, H.W., SIMON, T., HAGDORN, H. & WINKELHORST, H., 2006. A subrosion pipe fill in

the Lower Muschelkalk, Winterswijk Quarry, Eastern Netherlands. Netherlands

Journal of Geosciences 85: 293-297.

SWIFT, A. & MARTILL, D. M., 1999. Fossils of the Rhaetian Penarth Group. Palaeontological

Association, Field Guides to Fossils, 9, 312 pp. London.

50 24.-26. October 2008


Irregular echinoids from the Turonian Seewen Limestone of the

Allgäu area (S. Germany)

(Vortrag)

FRANK WIESE1 & NILS SCHLÜTER2

str. 74-

00, Gebäude Haus D, 12249 Berlin, Deutschland; e-mail: [email protected]

area

dinoc

macro

7 sp

strat

inter Echinoid Level, EL, 1), where Infulaster excentricus FORBES and

(COT hinocorys gravesi (DESOR)

occur. EL 2 consists of two Micraster leseki (DESMOULINS), and M. ex gr.

precursor/normanniae have collected from the top of the exposed rocks (EL 3).

δ13C stratigraphy dates EL 1 as terminal Mid-Turonian to lowermost Upper

Turonian, EL 2 as middle Upper Turonian (level Hitchwood Event = reussianum

Fauna of England & Germany) and EL 3 as Lower Coniacian, also confirmed by

associated inoceramids. Specifically the assemblage of AL 1 consist of taxa which

are characristic of more Boreal areas such as the Anglo Paris Basin, NW Germany

or – in parts – intermediate regions like northern Spain. Although single

elements of the assemblage are known to occur in southern areas (e.g.

Infulaster: Calcareous Alps, Austria: KROH & WAGREICH 2007; Scaglia, Italy; Betic

Cordillera, Spain) the assemblage as a whole spreads a decent flair of Boreal

influence on the distal south Tethyan shelf. Although southward migration of

northern faunas in the course of ocean water cooling is recorded from the Upper

Turonian onwards (WIESE & VOIGT 2002), the Middle Turonian shows still well-

developed biogeographic units among ammonites and echinoids of the Central

European shelf seas and a clear N-S temperature gradient (HART 2007). Thus,

the somehow disjunct position of AL 1 from the areas of its main occurrence may

not be expression of a cooler water zone in the Helvetian shelf seas. Given the

1, 2 Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Fachrichtung Paläontologie, FU Berlin, Malteser

1

The pelagic Seewen Limestone of the Burgberg quarry near Sonthofen, Allgäu

(Turonian-?Middle Coniacian, Alpide Helvetic Zone = north Tethyan shelf; c-

yst dominated biosedmentary system) is generally regarded as poorly

fossiliferous. Nevertheless ca. 30 specimens of irregular echinoids

belonging to ecies were collected during a field campaign for isotope

igraphic studies. Most of the taxa come from a stratigraphically limited

val (

Sternotaxis plana (MANTELL) are dominant. In addition, (?)Sternotaxis icaunensis

TEAU), Conulus subrotundus (MANTELL) and Ec

24.-26. October 2008 51


variable facies types in which the representatives of AL 2 occur (e.g.Chalk,

Pläner Limestones of NW Germany, marl/limestone alternations, marls), it may

argued that nutrient suppy in context with a distinct diet may have

iggered the development of this assemblage.

mens.

,

YWOOD, A.M., GREGORY, F.J. & SCHMIDT, D.N. (eds), Deep-Time Perspectives on

Climate Change: Marrying the Signal from Computer Models and Biological Proxies,

The Micropalaeontological Society, Special Publications. The Geological Society,

of the Northern Calcareous Alps. - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 100: 154-

rather be

tr

AL 2 & 3 cannot be interpreted due to the very low number of speci

References

HART, M. B. 2007. Late Cretaceous climates and foraminiferid distributions. In: WILLIAMS

M., HA

London, 235-250.

KROH, M. & WAGREICH, M. 2007. Infulaster (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from the Turonian

161.

WIESE, F. & VOIGT, S. 2002. Late Turonian (Cretaceous) climate cooling in Europe: faunal

response and possible causes. – Geobios 35: 65-77.

52 24.-26. October 2008


Antiquity and Longevity of a deep-sea oyster/crinoid association

(Azores Archipelago)

(V ag)

MAX WISSHAK

ortr

Rebikoff-Niggeler Foundation, Rocha Vermelha, 9900-451 Horta, Faial, Azores, Portugal

edrock overhangs in

420-500 m water depth under stable environmental conditions.

Radiocarbon dating of multi-generation oyster stacks (an effective

measure to optimise shell stability with minimal biomineralisation effort) reveals

that individuals reach an impressive lifespan of one to more than four centuries,

placing them among the longest-lived molluscs known to date. This pronounced

longevity in concert with a distinct incremental growth pattern, exhibiting a

proposed reproductive cyclicity of few years (conchiolin-rich growth breaks), and

an annual cyclicity potentially triggered by seasonal varying nutrient flux (distinct

Mg and S fluctuations in the shell calcite), make N. zibrowii a promising

geochemical archive (stable isotopes and trace element signatures) for the upper

bathyal.

Submersible investigations showed that the direct association of C. foresti

and N. zibrowii is not obligatory but that the crinoid is preferentially settling on

oysters, which provide benefits for the crinoid in terms of substrate availability

and/or participation in the oysters’ active feeding current. The upside down

1, CHRISTIAN NEUMANN2, MATTHIAS LÓPEZ CORREA1, SERGE GOFAS3,

CARMEN SALAS3, MARCO TAVIANI4, JOACHIM JAKOBSEN5, ANDRÉ FREIWALD1

1 GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Erlangen University, Loewenichstr. 28, D-91054 Erlangen, Deutschland,

e-mail: [email protected]

2 Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin,

Deutschland

3 Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain

4 CNR-Istituto di Scienze Marine, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.

5

From the steep submarine slope of the southern Faial Channel (Azores

Archipelago), a conspicuous archibenthic community of two ‘living fossils’,

comprising the up to 30 cm sized deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte zibrowii and

the sessile cyrtocrinid Cyathidium foresti, is reported. Both taxa thrive in

particularly high densities concealed underneath volcanic b

24.-26. October 2008 53


position of both species provides protection from background sedimentation and

possibly shelter from predators.

ely related ancestors of both species are also found as fossils more

an 60 million years old in the Danian (Paleocene) of Faxe in Denmark –

und

Azorean occurrence, on pycnodontine

ryptic habitat preference was already established in the early Palaeogene. This

tion’. Sessile crinoids almost completely

nish

Clos

th

associated with deep-water coral limestone. There Cyathidium holopus is fo

settling in impressive numbers settling on various substrata, such as

scleractinian corals or, analogous to the

oysters. This remarkable resemblance suggests that this association and semi-

c

stands in contrast to the Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian) records of

Cyathidium which were exclusively reported from shallow-water

palaeoenvironments. We thus assume a habitat-shift of these cyrtocrinids toward

deeper waters during the transition of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic erathems. This

reflects the escape from enhanced predation pressure (particularly teleost fishes)

during the ‘Mesozoic Marine Revolu

va ed from shallow waters and were replaced by mobile and often strictly

nocturnal comatulids. The Cyathidium/(Neo)pycnodonte-association did not only

survive the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction, but the whole Cenozoic and

can today be appreciated as a ‘living-fossil community’.

54 24.-26. October 2008


Bromierte Anthrachinon-Pigmente aus der rezenten Seelilie

socrinus ruberrimus

rag)

Proi

(Vort

KLAU 1

1 Insti tät Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040

Linz, Österreich; e-mail: [email protected]

4 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Die rezente Seelilie Proisocrinus ruberrimus ist für ihre intensive orangerote

Färbung bekannt (CLARK 1910). Bis heute gab es über die chemische Natur ihrer

Pigmente jedoch keine Informationen. Die Entdeckung von P. ruberrimus in etwa

1800 m Meerestiefe im Okinawa-Trog (Japan) mit dem Tauchboot „Shinkai 6500“

(OJI & KITAZAWA 2008) ermöglichte nun die chemische Untersuchung eines

Rohextrakts dieser seltenen Seelilie.

Die färbenden Verbindungen eines wässrigen Extrakts von P. ruberrimus

konnten durch Festphasenextraktion aufkonzentriert und gereinigt und die

Hauptverbindungen durch semipräparative Hochleistungsflüssigkeits-

chromatographie (HPLC) isoliert werden. Mittels hochauflösender

Massenspektrometrie konnten die Summenformeln der Pigmente bestimmt

werden (C18H12Br3NaO9S bis C20H15Br4NaO9S). Die charakteristischen

Isotopenmuster der Verbindungen bestätigten dabei das Vorkommen von drei

bzw. vier Bromatomen. Die vollständige Aufklärung der Strukturen durch ein-

und zweidimensionale Kernresonanzspektroskopie ermöglichte schließlich die

Zuordnung der neuen Verbindungen zur Gruppe der Anthrachinon-Pigmente.

Anthrachinone wurden bisher in zahlreichen Comatuliden nachgewiesen, nicht

jedoch bei Seelilien. Soweit bekannt, handelt es sich bei den Pigmenten um die

ersten bromierten Anthrachinone natürlicher Herkunft. Zudem besteht eine

Verwandtschaft der Pigmente aus P. ruberrimus mit den ebenfalls bromierten

Gymnochromen (Phenanthroperylenchinon-Pigmente) aus der Cyrtocrinide

Gymnocrinus richeri (DE RICCARDIS et al. 1991).

Literatur

CLARK, A.H., 1910. Proisocrinus, a new genus of recent crinoids. Proceedings of the

United States National Museum 38: 387-390.

S WOLKENSTEIN , WOLFGANG SCHOEFBERGER1, NORBERT MÜLLER1 & TATSUO OJI2

tut für Analytische Chemie, Johannes Kepler Universi

24.-26. October 2008 55


56 24.-26. October 2008

DE RICCARDIS, F., IORIZZI, M., MINALE, L., RICCIO, R., RICHER DE FORGES, B. & DEBITUS, C.,

1991. The gymnochromes: Novel marine brominated phenanthroperylenequinone

pigments from the stalked crinoid Gymnocrinus richeri. Journal of Organic

Chemistry 56: 6781-6787.

OJI, T. & KITAZAWA, K., 2008. Discovery of two rare species of stalked crinoids from

Okinawa Trough, southwestern Japan, and their systematic and biogeographic

implications. Zoological Science 25: 115-121.

Documents

4. Arbeitstreffen deutschsprachiger Echinodermenforscher