9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 - Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
1/391
\CM EZÑ@BL_O@IO@]L
Dgsslcmicb`gatucb ic
mlr Gro`íhahbil
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
2/391
_imlsthcl [rlss G clw blclrgtihc he [ujais`icb
Yhu grl rlgmicb g euaa vlrsihc he t`is jhhn, ehr erll!
]`is jhhn is pgrt he t`l _imlsthcl l-aijrgry w`lrl dhst he
hur
pujaiogtihcs grl euaay goolssijal ehr erll. Ehr goolss th
dhrl
erll jhhns visit6 www.simlsthcl.ohd/aijrgry
Mhwcahgm Euaa [ME
Uisit t`l _imlsthcl l-aijrgry th jrhwsl hur l-jhhns. Ehr g
dicidga
ell yhu ogc puro`gsl g euaay eucotihcga [ME gcm jy mhicb sh,
yhu
`lap th nllp hur aijrgry ruccicb.
www.simlsthcl.ohd/aijrgry
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
3/391
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
4/391
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
5/391
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
6/391
[ujais`lm jy _imlsthcl [rlss, Alimlc www.simlsthcl.ohd
I_JC 920-9;-009;-?=5-<
Agy-hut & ohvlr mlsibc6 _imlsthcl [rlss [`hthbrgp` ohvlr6 ©
]lrlsg U | Mrlgdstidl.ohd
Guo` lr`íataio` gas6 l-juo` ([ME)6 I_JC
920-9;-009;-?=2-:
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
7/391
@gcs [ltlr @g`c
vlr`gatlcsblstõrtl Gro`íhahbil
Zgiducm Ngra
Gnnuduagtihc ist licl _uo`tnrgcn`lit, ucm Gro`íhahbil ist i`r
27
_ydpthd
Zlic`grm Jlrcjlon
Dit mlc Micblc rlo`clc. Nuaturlc-Ehrso`ucb ucm i`r Blslaal
9?
Ohdputlr
Ngtfg Zõsalr
–Zisngctl Vwiso`lcso`rittl. Gro`íhahbiso`l Ngrthbrgp`il ic
777
Mlutso`agcm zwiso`lc 702; ucm 79;;
_usgccl Brucwgam
Ist mgs Gro`íhahbil hmlr ngcc mgs wlb8 Vur Nhcvlrblcz vhc
7=?
Gro`íhahbil ucm Nucst
lt`chahbiso`lc _gddaucb ic mlr [lrehrdgcol Isgjlaag’s
Zhhd
(Fgc Aguwlrs & Cllmohdpgcy)
Dgbgzicdñaa8 Lctsgddlac ucm mil Dñaat`lhril Dio`gla ]`hdpshcs
702
Brltg Oivis
Vud `isthriso`lc [htlctiga mls Dgtlrilaalc. _o`rietaio`ls Ictlrvilw
vhc 792
Mhrllc Dõamlrs (GB ]imG)
Dgcerlm N. @. Lbblrt ucm _tlegcil _gdimg
Nrñbl ucm Ngt`lmlr. Lic –dgtlriga turc ic mlr mlutso`lc
[`iahshp`il :7<
mls erñ`lc :;. Fg`r`ucmlrts ucm slicl Jlmlutucb eñr licl
@lrdlclutin
dgtlrilaalr Nuatur
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
8/391
Micb-]`lhrilc
`hdgs Dlilr
Micbl gas `isthriso`l Wulaalc ic Zlvisihc. Dgtlrigaitít, _purlc ucm
:0?
Blso`io`tlc
Nlrstic [. @hedgcc
Mil Eibur mlr Oyjhrb ic mlr Ulrbgcblc`lit . [hst`udgcisdus
hmlr licl ?;9
clul shziga(lr)l Gro`íhahbil8
_tlegc _o`rlijlr
Dlcso`-Micb-Ulrealo`tucblc gus ur- ucm erñ`blso`io`taio`lr
??7
[lrsplntivl
Grciog NlØlalr
G ]htgaity he g ]`icb wit` Hjflots. Duatiegoltlm Jritis`-dgml
?5<
Jrhho`ls Gjrhgm
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
9/391
2
Uhrwhrt
Mil vhrailblcml [ujaingtihc ist gus liclr balio`cgdiblc gbucb
`lrvhrblbgcblc, mil wir gd :?.-:<. Dgi :;7? ic Jlraic
muro`bleñ`rt `gjlc.7 Mil Ulrgcstgatucb wurml vhc mlr GB
`lhrilc ic mlr Gro`íhahbil l. U. dit \ctlrstñtzucb mls @limlajlrblr
Lxzlaalczoaustlrs –Gsig gcm Lurhpl ic Bahjga Ohctlxt ucm mls
Jlraiclr Lxzlaalczoaustlrs –hphi. `l Ehrdgtihc gcm rgcsehrdgtihc he
_pgol gcm Nchwalmbl hrbgcisilrt.
Mlr Ergbl –Ist Gro`íhahbil Dgsslcmicb`gatucb ucm wlcc fg, wgrud8
bicblc ic 72 Uhrtríblc cio`t cur Gro`íhahbicclc ucm Gro`íhahblc
vlrso`ilmlclr Ego`rio`tucblc, shcmlrc guo` Ulrtrltlricclc ucm
Ulrtrltlr gus mlr Lt`chahbil,
_hzihahbil ucm `lgtlrwisslcso`get cgo`. Mlc Uhrtrgblcmlc ucm mlc
zg`arlio`lcliacl`dlricclc ucm liacl`dlrc mgcnlc wir bgcz `lrzaio`
eñr mil spgcclcmlc Misnussihclc. Mgrñjlr `icgus biat ucslr Mgcn
guo` mlc Dhmlrgthricclc Gadut _o`ñanl ucm Ngric Zlio`lcjgo` shwil
mlc Dhmlrgthrlc Cias Dñaalr-_o`llØla ucm _tlegc Jurdlistlr. Id
Zg`dlcprhbrgdd nhcctlc mil gbucbstliacl`dlricclc ucm -tliacl`dlr ic
Nalicbrupplc mgs Gro`íhahbiso`l Dgbgzic mls Dusluds eñr Uhr- ucm
Erñ`blso`io`tl Jlraic id _o`ahss O`grahttlcjurb shwil mgs
Rlrnjucmgro`iv Duslud mlr Micbl jlsuo`lc. Eñr mil spgcclcmlc
Licjaionl mgcnlc wir bgcz `lrzaio` Dgtt`igs Rld`hee, Gadut Gcmrlg
@heedgcc ucm Ciohag vhc Gajrlo`t.
7 Eñr licl Nurzjlso`rlijucb mlr gbucb ucm mgs [rhbrgdd dit
Gjstrgots sil`l ttp6//www.gbtimg.ml/
prhbrgdd-zur-tgbucb-dgsslcmicb`gatucb-ic-mlr-gro`ghahbil/.
Brupplcehth vhr mld ]H[HI-@gus Mg`ald ic Jlraic.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
10/391
0
Gjlr guo` eñr mil \ctlrstñtzucb jli mlr Hrbgcisgtihc mlr
gbucb dõo`tlc wir ucs jlmgcnlc. Blcgcct slilc ilr vhr gaald mil
stumlctiso`lc @iaesnríetl Cicg Mlcbb ucm hrstlc Zlcclr. Lrstlrl
lctwgre dit \ctlrstñtzucb vhc Jirbit Clccstila mgs [hstlr ucm mil
Eaylr eñr mil Ulrgcstgatucb.
Ls `gt ucs sl`r blerlut, mgss wir gaal Uhrtrgblcmlc eñr mil
Ulrso`rietaio`ucb
i`rlr Jlitríbl blwicclc nhcctlc, sh mgss wir mil Lrbljcissl ucslrlr
Misnussihclc`ilr cuc udegsslcm liclr `heelctaio` brhØlc Alslrso`get
príslctilrlc nõcclc. @ilrzu tríbt vhr gaald _imlsthcl [rlss dit
slicld icchvgtivlc Ulragbssystld jli. Eñr mil Guecg`dl ucslrls
_gddlajgcmls ucm mil butl Vusgddlcgrjlit mgcnlc wir mg`lr bgcz
`lrzaio` ucslrlc Ulralblrc, Ohrcé vgc Rhlrmlnhd ucm Ngrstlc
Rlcticn. Mil Eicgczilrucb mlr Mruonalbucb wurml
mgcnlcswlrtlrwlisl muro` mgs Lxzlaalczoaustlr –Gsig gcm Lurhpl ic
Bahjga Ohctlxt ucm mil GB `lhrilc ic mlr
Gro`íhahbil l. U. blwí`ralistlt. Mil rlmgntihclaal
Jlgrjlitucb mlr lxtl ñjlrcg`d Gccg Erlyg _o`climlr,
@limlajlrb, mlr wir ljlcegaas `lrzaio` mgcnlc. H`cl sil wírl licl
Mruonalbucb sh so`claa cio`t mlcnjgr blwlslc.
Nlrstic [. @hedgcc, `hdgs Dlilr, Mhrllc Dõamlrs, _tlegc
_o`rlijlr
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
11/391
Mhrllc Dõamlrs
It is g wimlay `lam hpicihc t`gt ohaalotihcs gcm gro`ivls he
hjflots he pgst ouaturls grl t`l pridgry shurol he nchwalmbl
wit`ic gro`glhahby. Getlr dhrl t`gt 7<; ylgrs he ohaaloticb
gro`glhahby sueelrs dhrl gcm dhrl erhd t`l s`llr dgss he hjflots
w`io` it `gs ic`lritlm
sicol its jlbiccicbs gs wlaa gs t`hsl w`io` it stiaa prhmuols ic
rlolct lxogvgtihcs. Ic hur hpicihc, it is gjhut tidl th hplc up t`l
misohursl hc –hjflot sthonpiaicb (Dgsslcmicb`gatucb) erhd wit`ic
t`l misoipaicl, imlgaay jlehrl gro`glhahby blts ohddissihclm gcy
phssijay ucsgtisegothry gotihcs jy euturl phaioils.
G eirst stlp ic t`is mirlotihc wgs ucmlrtgnlc muricb t`l
ohcelrlcol hc –Hjflot sthonpiaicb ic gro`glhahby. `l dgtlriga turc
gcm prl`isthrio gro`glhahby, w`io` wgs ohcmuotlm jy t`l Ohddittll
ehr `lhrils ic Gro`glhahby (GB imG) erhd :?rm th :<t`
Dgy :;7? ic Jlraic. `l 72 prlslctgtihcs grl pujais`lm ic t`l
vhaudl ic yhur `gcms gcm grl t`us gvgiagjal ehr ohaalgbuls wit`ic
t`l misoipaicl gs wlaa gs g jrhgmlr pujaio.
]l grtioals ic t`l rst pgrt he t`l vhaudl gpprhgo` t`l virualct
prhjald he hjflot
sthonpiaicb ic ohaalotihcs ic vgrihus wgys. ]ly rlbgrm jht` t`l
`isthry gcm psyo`hahby he ohaaloticb. Olctrga th t`l grbudlct is
t`l mlvlahpdlct erhd g pgssihcgtlay-sujflotivl –aust
ehr ohaaloticb thwgrms g rlbuagtlm-icstitutihcga –jurmlc he
ohaaloticb. Gash, t`l gut`hrs misouss gatlrcgtivls w`io` ohuam algm
thwgrms g mlaijlrgtl prgotiol he ml-ohaaloticb. Ic t`l slohcm pgrt
he t`l vhaudl wl oritiogaay misouss t`l lstgjais`lm
ldpirioga-gctiqugrigc
prgotiol ic gro`glhahby w`ial rlelrricb th t`l dgtlriga turc.
Eurt`lrdhrl, ht`lr, up uctia chw clbalotlm gsplots suo` gs t`l
ohdpalxity he t`l rlagtihcs`ip jltwllc hjflots gcm dlc, grl phictlm
hut. Agst jut cht algst t`is vhaudl is dlgct th jl g ohctrijutihc
th ictlrmisoipaicgry ucmlrstgcmicb gcm it is supphslm th s`hw t`gt
erhd gc gro`glhahbioga
plrsplotivl t`l ourrlct ucmlrstgcmicb he t`l hjflot is th jl
oritioislm.
_o`añsslajlbrieel6 Dgsslcmicb`gatucb> Gro`íhahbil> dgtlriga
turc> Lct-_gddlac> _gddlac
Nlywhrms6 hjflot sthonpiaicb> gro`glhahby> dgtlriga turc>
ml-ohaaloticb> ohaaloticb
7 Mlr vhrailblcml lxt ist licl ñjlrgrjlitltl Ulrsihc dlicls
Lrõcucbsvhrtrgbs zur gbucb –Dgsslcmicb`gatucb ic mlr Gro`íhahbil.
Mlr dgtlriga turc ucm mil \r- ucm Erñ`blso`io`tl vhd :?. jis
:<. Dgi :;7? ic Jlraic. lial mls lxtls bl`lc gue mgs Ogaa ehr
[gplrs zurñon, mgs zusgddlc dit Nlrstic [. @hedgcc,
]hdgs Dlilr ucm _tlegc _o`rlijlr lctstgcmlc ist ( altztlr
Vubri\ZA6
`ttp6//www.t`lhrilgb.ml/oep-dgsslcmicb`gatucb/ ^altztlr Vubri
77.;7.:;7<T). Gaalc mrlilc mgcnl io` eñr Misnussihclc,
nhcstruntivl Nhddlctgrl ucm Nhrrlnturlc gc mlr ñjlrgrjlitltlc
Egssucb.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
12/391
7;
[ridírls Lrnlcctcisdittla mlr Gro`íhahbil sicm i`rl _gddaucblc ucm
Gro`ivl gc Hjflntlc vlrbgcblclr Nuaturlc ucm Blslaaso`getlc, sh
flmlcegaas mil vlrjrlitltl Dlicucb. Cgo` dl`r gas 7<; Fg`rlc mls
_gddlacs alimlt mil Gro`íhahbil gjlr zucl`dlcm uctlr mlc Dgsslc gc
Hjflntlc, mil sil shwh`a gus mlc Gceícblc mlr
Gro`íhahbil bllrjt `gt, gas guo` wlitlr`ic muro` Brgjucblc
`lrvhrjricbt. Ls ist
sh dliclc wir õo`stl Vlit, mlc Misnurs mlr –Dgsslcmicb`gatucb vhc
icclc, gashgus mld Ego` `lrgus zu õeeclc, ucm zwgr jlvhr
dõbaio`lrwlisl ucjlerilmiblcml @gcmaucbsguetríbl gus mlr [haitin gc
mil Gro`íhahbil `lrgcbltrgblc wlrmlc.
Mlr itla mls vhrailblcmlc Jgcmls gaalrmicbs wgr, ist ucm jalijt
udstrittlc. Mgs mgric lct`gatlcl _o`agbwhrt Dgsslcmicb`gatucb ucm
mil mgdit vlrjucmlclc clbgtivlc Gsshzigtihclc wurmlc jlrlits jli
Ulrõlctaio`ucb mls balio`cgdiblc Ogaa ehr [gplrs dit
licld Zguclc quittilrt> lic Zguclc, mgs dgco`dga zud _tõ`clc
wurml, jiswlialc gjlr guo` ic Ago`lc ñjlrbicb. Hlcsio`taio` `gjlc
wir lic [rhjald gue mil _pitzl bltriljlc, mgs ic mlr Gro`íhahbil
gas shao`ls zwgr wg`rblchddlc, gjlr slatlc ic mlr vilaalio`t
chtwlcmiblc Zgmingaitít misnutilrt
wirm. Mil Gro`íhahbil alimlt shwh`a gas mlcndgaplblriso`l gas guo`
gas ucivlrsitírlucm duslgal Icstitutihc uctlr mlc Dlcblc gc Micblc,
mil sil liclrslits vhc erñ`lrlc Blclrgtihclc bllrjt `gt, mil sil
gcmlrlrslits cgo` wil vhr muro` Brgjucblc slajst `lrvhrjricbt. Ic
mlc altztlc Fg`rzl`ctlc ist mil Eaut gc gro`íhahbiso`lc Hjflntlc
zumld lxphclctilaa blstilblc6 zud liclc, wlia sio` mgs
_lajstvlrstícmcis mlr
Gro`íhahbil zu Bucstlc vhc Cluzlit- ucm Blblcwgrtsgro`íhahbil
blõclt `gt ucm zud gcmlrlc, wlia brhØío`ibl Jguicvlstitihclc vhr
gaald ic mlc clulc Jucmlsaícmlrc udegsslcml BrgjucbsdgØcg`dlc
chtwlcmib bldgo`t `gjlc. Mil Agcmlsídtlr eñr Gro`íhahbil jzw.
(Jhmlc-)Mlcndgaplbl sicm mg`lr so`hc slit aícblrlr Vlit blzwucblc,
i`rl Mlphts ucm Gro`ivl stícmib zu lrwlitlrc. Milsl
[rgxis ist guo` mlswlblc chtwlcmib, wlia Dittla zur nhctrhaailrtlc
ucm agcberistiblc Lr`gatucb vhc Jhmlcmlcndíalrc wil Gro`íhahbiso`l
_o`utzbljiltl ucm Zlslrvgtl zwgr vhr`gcmlc, gjlr cur slatlc
phaitiso` muro`blsltzt wlrmlc nõcclc. Ic mlr Nhcslqulcz duss mil
Gro`íhahbil sh ist i`r blslaaso`getsrlo`taio`lr Guetrgb mlc Micblc
@lrr wlrmlc, mil i`r agcbsgd ñjlr mlc Nhpe wgo`slc. I`rld
trgmitihclaalc _lajstvlrstícmcis cgo` tut sil mils jis`lr, icmld
sil mil dgtlrilaal Nuatur vlrbgcblclr Vlitlc cio`t cur vhr
mrh`lcmlr Vlrstõrucb rlttlt, m.`. mhnudlctilrt ucm gusbríjt,
shcmlrc guo` rlstgurilrt, lrehrso`t, gusstlaat ucm vhr gaald gue-
ucm vhr mld Ulregaa jlwg`rt.: Zucm lic`ucmlrt Fg`rl cgo`
Ltgjailrucb mlr Jhmlcmlcndgaplbl stõØt mil Gro`íhahbil ic
Mlutso`agcm dit milslr [rgxis cuc gjlr gc i`rl Brlczlc, guo`
wlia sil gas õlctaio`l Icstitutihc stícmib vhc Dittlastrlio`ucblc
jltrhlc ucm
: Uba. fñcbst Nuchw :;7= dit wlitlreñ`rlcmlr Aitlrgtur.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
13/391
77
mgdit zu Licspgrucblc blzwucblc ist.? Mil Ñjlrehrmlrucb zlibt
sio` gd l`lstlc mgmuro`, mgss mil wisslcso`getaio`l Guegrjlitucb
mlr Dgssl gc guszuwlrtlcmlc Wulaalc `ictlr`lr `icnt ucm mgs, hjwh`a
alistucbseí`ibl Mgtlcjgcnlc ucm _tgtistinprhbrgddl, dhmlrcstl
Mibitgaisilrucbs- ucm _ogctlo`cinlc zud Licsgtz nhddlc. Ls shaatl
mg`lr nlic jisso`lc ñjlrrgso`lc, wlcc gcblsio`ts
mls [agtzdgcblas, mls so`rudpelcmlc Ltgts, mls Idgbls licls
vlrzio`tjgrlc_tumilcbgcbs shwil mlr `h`lc Grjlitsjlagstucb lic
blwissls \cjl`gblc id Ego` spñrjgr ist ucm @gcmaucbshptihclc
licblehrmlrt wlrmlc.=
Mil lxtl id lrstlc lia mls Jgcmls jlso`íetiblc sio` mg`lr gue
vilaeíatibl Rlisl dit mld virualctlc [rhjald mlr
Dgsslcmicb`gatucb ic _gddaucblc, sli ls dit mld `ldg _gddlac gc
sio`, sli ls dit mlr `isthriso`lc Ulrso`iljucb vhc liclr
alimlcso`getaio`lc, mg sujflntiv vhaazhblclc _gddlaaust `ic zu
liclr blrlblatlc, mg icstitutihclaa jlstiddtlc _gddlaagst<
hmlr sli ls dit mlr Ergbl cgo` mlc Gatlrcgtivlc wil liclr [rgxis
mls Lct-_gddlacs. @gcs [ltlr @g`c (_. :?-=7) ucm Zgiducm Ngra (_.
=?-59) bl`lc ic i`rlc Jlitríblc uctlr gcmlrld
mlr Blso`io`tl ucm mlr lrnlcctcist`lhrltiso`lc Eucmilrucb
icstitutihcgaisilrtlr_gddaucblc cgo`. Jliml vlrwlislc lrclut
mgrgue, mgss mil @lrgusjiamucb ucm [rhelssihcgaisilrucb shwh`a mlr
Gro`íhahbil gas guo` mlr Lt`chahbil gas gngmldiso`l Eío`lr
brucmsítzaio` gue mlr privgtlc Gnnuduagtihc gctinlr ucm lxhtiso`lr
Micbl jgsilrt.5 Dgc nõcctl gjlr guo` sgblc, mgss dit milsld
Gnt mlr Brñcmucb vhc \civlrsitítssgddaucblc ucm Dusllc mlr pridír
lbhistiso`l Gclibcucbsgnt blslaaso`getseí`ib ucm mil
Lctmlonucbserluml zud bldlicso`getaio`lc Lrlibcis bldgo`t wurml.
Lrbljcis ist, mgss mil Micbl ic mlc õeelctaio`lc _gddaucblc
ucm
? Id Fg`r :;7? nñcmibtl mil Agcmlsrlbilrucb vhc Chrmr`lic-Rlstegalc
mil _trlio`ucb mlr
Agcmlszuso`ñssl eñr mil Gro`íhahbil ucm Mlcndgaplbl gc. Cgo`
[rhtlstlc ucm liclr lrehabrlio`lc[ltitihc vhc Dírz jis Fuci :;7?
dit rucm :2.;;; \ctlrso`rietlc egaalc mil Nñrzucblc eñr mlc
Mlcndgaso`utz blricblr gus gas jleñro`tlt. Flmlr Licso`citt gjlr
trit mil Mlcndgaplbl `grt, mil jlrlits vhr mlc Nñrzucblc gd Aidit
blgrjl itlt `gt. Rlitlrl Icehrdgtihclc id Jlrlio` [rlssl MB\E-
@hdlpgbl gjruejgr (\ZA6 www.mbue.ml ^altztlr Vubri ?;.77.:;7=T). Ic
liclr jlmrh`aio`lc _itugtihc jlcmlt sio` guo` mlr JG/DG-_tumilcbgcb
–Gro`íhahbil mlr Gatlc Rlat gc mlr \civlrsitít Alipzib. Mgs
Zlnthrgt so`aub gd :7. Fgcugr :;7= mld Dicistlriud ic Mrlsmlc vhr,
u.g. mgs Icstitut eñr Nagssiso`l Gro`íhahbil zu so`ailØlc. Rirm
milslr Uhrso`agb udblsltzt, ist guo` mlr JG/DG- _tumilcbgcb
Gro`íhahbil ic Alipzib wh`a cio`t dl`r zu `gatlc. Gaal
Icehrdgtihclc `ilrzu nõcclc gue mld vhd Ego`so`getsrgt
licblrio`tltlc Jahb gjblruelc wlrmlc (\ZA6 www.gusbrgjlc.whrmprlss.
ohd ^altztlr Vubri ?;.77.:;7=T). _lit Mlzldjlr :;7= ist õlctaio`
jlngcct, mgss guo` gc mlr \civlrsitít mls _ggragcmls mil
[rhelssurlc eñr Gatlrtudswisslcso`getlc cio`t clu jlsltzt wlrmlc
ucm mgs Ego` Gro`íhahbil ml egoth gjblso`gt wirm (\ZA6
`ttp6//www.mbue.ml/icmlx.p`p8im4?=9 ^altztlr
Vubri 77.;7.:;7<T). = Vualtzt `gt sio` mil Ego`bruppl
Gro`íhahbiso`l Dusllc mld ]ldg gcblchddlc ucm gue mld 0.
Mlutso`lc Gro`íhahbilnhcbrlss ic Jlraic vhd ;5. 7;. Hnthjlr :;7=
mgcgo` blergbt –Ril shaalc, whaalc, nõcclc wir sgddlac8
_gddaucbsstrgtlbilc gue mld [rñestgcm [hsitihclc.
< Mlr Mlutso`l Dusludsjucm vlrgcstgatltl vhd <. jis 0. Dgi
:;7? slicl Fg`rlstgbucb zu ljlc mld ]ldg –_gddlaaust ucm
_gddlaagst. O`gcolc ucm @lrgusehrmlrucblc vhc Dusludssgddaucblc.
UlrtrltlrIcclc vhc Dusllc ucm _gddaucblc vlrso`ilmlclr _pgrtlc wil
Cgturnucml, Gro`íhahbil, Nucst, Blso`io`tl lto. jlrio`tlc vhc bgcz
uctlrso`ilmaio`lc, zud lia ego`splziso`lc [rhjaldlc i`rlr
_gddaucbsgrjlit. Mil Jlitríbl sicm ic mlr Vlitso`riet Dusludsnucml
2:/:, :;7? pujaizilrt. Jlrlits :;77 vlrõlctaio`tl mlr Mlutso`l
Dusludsjucm liclc Alitegmlc eñr Cgo``gatibls _gddlac, ic mld vhr
gaald mgs Eñr ucm Rimlr ucm mil \dsltzucb mlr Gjbgjl vhc
_gddaucbsbut t`ldgtisilrt wirm6
`ttp6//www.dusludsjucm.ml/algmdic/blso`glets/mhnudlctl/AliteglmlcXucmX
gcmlrls/Cgo``gatibls_gddlacX:;7:.pme.
5 Vur Blso`io`tl mls gro`íhahbiso`lc _gddlacs sil`l6 Nrlilcjricn
:;7=, :<5 ucm \ZA6 www.grlg- gro`ivls.hrb.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
14/391
7:
Dusllc het cur cho` gat ucm erldm wirnlc, mg sil vhc mlc
Ehrso`lr*icclc muro` mgs [ridgt mls Ldpirisdus gue Mistgcz bl`gatlc
ucm vhc mlc Jlsuo`lr*icclc almibaio` id Uhrñjlrbl`lc eaño`tib
jltrgo`tlt wlrmlc. Ic milsld Nhctlxt sicm mil Hjflntl gaald vhrgc
_tlaavlrtrltlr eñr mil Lrnlcctcissl liclr Risslcso`get ucm lia
misnursivlr duslgalr ucm gngmldiso`lr Cgrrgtivl. Mlccho` ist
@g`c
jlizupeaio`tlc, mgss ls erliaio` nlic Vurñon `ictlr mil [rgxis mlr
rlpríslctgtivlcEucntihc vhc _gddaucblc ucm Dusllc bljlc ngcc, wlia
milsl Icstitutihclc cgtñraio` lia mlr nhaalntivlc Imlctitít
wlstaio`lr Nuatur sicm. _tgttmlsslc jiltlt @g`c gas Aõsucb liclc
[lrsplntivwlo`sla gc, mlr lrstlcs mgrgue jlru`t, mil –Uhrstlaaucb
vhd pgssivlc _gddaucbshjflnt (sil`l Jlitrgb @g`c ic milsld Jgcm,
?:) guezubljlc ucm cgo` mld zwlitlcs licl _gddaucb gas pagstiso`l
Lic`lit dit vgrigjalc Liblcso`getlc wg`rzucl`dlc ist. Uhrgussltzucb
eñr milslc vhc @g`c licblehrmlrtlc sujflntivlc \dbgcb dit
_gddaucblc ucm i`rlc Hjflntlc wírl cuc Ngra zuehabl, mgss mil
Gro`íhahbil i`rlc idpaizit clhphsitivistiso`lc Brucmagblcmisnurs
rlealntilrt. Mil Imll liclr udegsslcmlc Wulaalcsgddaucb
gas Jgsis eñr icmuntivl, wg`rl _o`aussehablrucblc sli eñr mil
Gro`íhahbil so`hcmuro` mil dgcbla`getl Wulaalclr`gatucb el`alr`get,
milcl gjlr gas Zlo`telrtibucb eñr –zwgcb`getls gro`íhahbiso`ls
@hrtlc, sh Ngra (Jlitrgb ic milsld Jgcm, =5). Mil Gro`íhahbil dñssl
sio` ic i`rlc lpistldhahbiso`lc Brucmagblc viladl`r clu
hrilctilrlc, wlb vhc licld phsitivistiso`-icmuntivlc Gcsgtz `ic zud
ldpiriso`lc Egasieingtihcspriczip. Lrst dit milslr
wisslcso`getst`lhrltiso`lc Nl`rtwlcml wírl mil Gro`íhahbil cio`t
dl`r blzwucblc, flmlc Eucm guezu`ljlc, slilc sil ic i`rld
Lrnlcctcisphtlctiga guo` cho` sh ergbwñrmib.
Rgs wírl gjlr, wlcc mil \rsgo`lc mlr Dgsslcmicb`gatucb
blslaaso`getaio` wlitgus tilelr aíblc gas ic mlr t`lhrltiso`lc
Gusrio`tucb licls Ego`ls ucm i`rlr
Ídtlr8 Rgs wírl, wlcc mgs _gddlac ucm mgdit guo` mil
_gddaucblc gas [rgxis liclr Micb-Gnnuduagtihc ic Gj`ícbibnlit zur
ngpitgaistiso`lc Rirtso`getsehrd zu sl`lc sicm8 _lajst wlcc dgc
milsld vhc Zlic`grm Jlrcjlon (_. 27-9:) ehrduailrtlc Gcsgtz ic
sliclr Zgmingaitít cio`t ehablc dõo`tl, sh ist slic
Grbudlct cio`t vhc mlr @gcm zu wlislc, mgss guo` Dusllc
ngpitgaistiso`lc Ulrwlrtucbspriczipilc uctlrailblc ucm liclc Dgrnt
jiamlc. Mlr Ulrwlis vhc @g`c (Jlitrgb ic milsld Jgcm, _. :5-?;) gue
mil [grgaalalc zwiso`lc _gddaucblc, Dusllc ucm Rgrlc`íuslrc
vlrali`t milslr Gussgbl licl blwissl [agusijiaitít. \cm dit
_io`lr`lit `gt ls Blslaaso`getlc blbljlc, mil wlciblr gue
Gnnuduagtihc vhc Micblc ucm Rlrtlc gas viladl`r gue nhaalntivlc
Jlsitz ucm shzigals @gcmlac
gusblrio`tlt wgrlc, wil Jlrcjlon dit sliclr Ictlrprltgtihc mlr
spítclhait`iso`lc _ilmaucb ha-l Jgs`i id _ñm-Vlctrgairgc cg`lalbt.
Cur wil ngcc [grtizipgtihc ucm lialc ic nhdpalxlc Blslaaso`getlc
gussl`lc8 Milsl Ergbl wurml gue mlr gbucb cur gd Zgcm misnutilrt,
hjwh`a mgs `ldg Dgsslcmicb`gatucb mil Ergbl cgo` mlr Õeecucb ucm
[ríslctgtihc vhc ucm mld Zlo`t gc _gddaucblc cgtñraio` tgcbilrt.
Mlcc cgo` wil vhr sltzt mil Gro`íhahbil lctblblc i`rlr
ldpiriso`-qugctitgtiv gusblrio`tltlc Ehrso`ucbsprgxis ic i`rlc
Gusstlaaucblc, icsjlshcmlrl mlc
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
15/391
7?
_hcmlrgusstlaaucblc gue Nagssl gcstlaal vhc Dgssl.2 Mhrt
eicmlt mil Inhcisilrucb cgo` wil vhr stgtt, mil ic mlc
Ehrso`ucbsríudlc vlrdlictaio` gjblalbt wurml. Mhrt wlrmlc guo`
`lutl cho` mil gttrgntivlc _tñonl zu _o`ítzlc stiaisilrt ucm
gusso`ailØaio` privialbilrtl Hjflntl gue Rgcmlrso`get blso`iont.
[rhdiclctl Jlispilal mlr [ríslctgtihc ucm Ulrwlrtucb
gro`íhahbiso`lr @ib`aib`ts sicm –Õtzi,
mlr Dgcc gus mld Lis ucm –mil @iddlasso`lijl vhc Cljrg. Jli mlr
õeelctaio`lc[ríslctgtihc shao`lr gro`íhahbiso`lc @ib`aib`ts stl`lc
gaalrmicbs wlciblr mil Micbl ucm i`rl Blso`io`tl(c) id Ehnus.
Uiladl`r bl`t ls ud mil Gro`íhahbil gas Risslcso`get slajst, mil
dit nridicgaistiso`ld Blspñr ucm uctlr mld Licsgtz licls Hro`lstlrs
gc cgturwisslcso`getaio`lc Gcgayslc Zítslac mlr Ulrbgcblc`lit gue
mil _pur zu nhddlc vlrsuo`t0 ucm mgjli balio` mld Dyt`hs vhd
Gjlctlulr
Risslcso`get hmlr mld Mltlntivjñrh mlr Ulrbgcblc`lit Uhrso`uj
alistlt.9
Uhc mlr gro`íhahbiso`lc Nírclrgrjlit, m.`. vhc mlr nagssiso`lc
typh- o`rhchahbiso`lc Wulaalcguegrjlitucb, i`rlr qugctitgtivlc ucm
gro`íhahbiso`- `isthriso`lc Guswlrtucb lreí`rt mil Õeelctaio`nlit
cur wlcib. Uilaalio`t guo`
mlswlblc, wlia wh`a slajst mlc dlistlc Gro`íhahb*icclc mil
Guswlrtucbvhc Diaaihclc Ehrso`ucbshjflntlc zu nhdpalx ist. Mg ngd
jli zucl`dlcmlr Mgtlcdlcbl mlr –Blslaal Ohdputlr, wil Ngtfg Zõsalr
(_. 9?-77;) i`c clcct, gas _gcitítlr ic mlr Cht blrgml rlo`t.
Zõsalr wlist ic i`rld lxt gjlr vhr gaald mgrgue `ic, wil sio` mil
Zhaal mlr Gro`íhahb*icclc ícmlrt, icmld milsl dit zucl`dlcmlr
Mibitgaisilrucb zu _hetwgrl- ucm _tgtistin-Lxplrt*icclc wlrmlc
(dñsslc), ud mil Risslcsprhmuntihc cio`t mlr _hetwgrl zu
ñjlragsslc. Jis zur Ltgjailrucb vhc Blhicehrdgtihcssystldlc (BI_)
wgr mil lalntrhciso`l Mgtlcvlrgrjlitucb vhr gaald Dittla eñr licl
zlitaio`l Hrmcucb vhc Hjflntlc. Mil Hrmcucb id Zgud wurml
trgmitihclaa id _o`uatlrso`auss dit mlr Ngrthbrgeil
rlgaisilrt. Dit milsld stlts slajstvlrstícmaio` gcblwlcmltlc
@iaesdittla sltzt sio` _usgccl Brucwgam (_. 777-7=:) nritiso`
guslicgcmlr ucm wliØt dit gaalr Mlutaio`nlit gue mil Ñjlrsltzucb
zwiso`lc mld Gueeicmlc ucm mld Ngrtilrlc gas _o`wgo`stlaalc jzw.
–risngctl Vwiso`lcso`rittl `ic (Brucwgam ic milsld Jgcm, 777). Mil
lreg`rucbsblalitltl Gussgbl vhc _gjicl Zilon`hee (_. 7=?-72;), mgss
mil
Gro`íhahbil muro` mil Gcgaysl vhc Wugctitítlc mlr
`isthriso`lc _hzigaitít nlic _tñon cí`lr blnhddlc ist,
uctlrstrlio`t mil _nlpsis vhc Zõsalr ucm Brucwgam gc mlr
VwlondíØibnlit mlr chrdgtivlc [rgxis gro`íhahbiso`lr
Risslcsprhmuntihc. \ctlr Ulrwlis gue mil Lctwionaucb mlr Nucst,
splzilaa slit mlr Ltgjailrucb mlr ohcolpt grt, gttlstilrt
Zilon`hee mlr gro`íhahbiso`lc Ehrso`ucb, mgss milsl
dittalrwlial gc mlr –Gjwlslc`lit mls Icmivimulaalc nrgcnt. _il
ehrmlrt stgttmlsslc licl @icwlcmucb zur –cgrrgtivl^cT Wugaitít mlr
Micbl (sil`l Jlitrgb Zilon`hee
2 Ic mlc gro`íhahbiso`lc Mgulrgusstlaaucblc ist dgc iczwiso`lc
zudicmlst pgrtilaa mgzu ñjlrblbgcblc, mlc Jlsuo`lr*icclc mil Dlcbl
gc _gddaucbs- ucm Gro`ivhjflntlc zu zliblc. Id Agcmlsduslud eñr
Uhrblso`io`tl @gaal jlispilaswlisl `ícblc dl`rlrl `ucmlrt
clhait`iso`l Elasblstlicjlial gc liclr Rgcm ucm id _tggt
aio`lc Duslud eñr Gro`íhahbil O`ldcitz sicm rucm 7?;;
Gaatgbsblblcstícml vhd Dittlagatlr jis ic mil Cluzlit ic liclr
=< Dltlr agcblc zusgddlc`ícblcmlc Uitriclcwgcm gusblstlaat.
Jliml Icszlcilrucblc vhc Dgssl sicm íst`ltiso` sl`r gcsprlo`lcm,
ñjlrehrmlrc mil Jltrgo`tlr*icclc gash cio`t dit typhahbiso`lr
Nalicgrjlit.
0 Vud Ulrbalio` vhc gro`íhahbiso`lr Grjlitswlisl ucm
nridicgaistiso`lr Dlt`hml6 Nñddla :;;? ucm
Dgctl :;;?. 9 Vud Jiam mlr Gro`íhahbil ic mlr Õlctaio`nlit
icsjlshcmlrl6 _gdimg :;7;g> :;7;j> :;7?.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
16/391
7=
ic milsld Jgcm, 75?) ucm zu liclr Gro`íhahbil, mil Blso`io`tl(c)
lrzí`at. Ls shaatl nagr slic, mgss Zilon`hee cio`t zur Gcgro`il
gueruet ucm Blso`io`tl cio`t gas jahØl Eintihc nagssilrt, hjwh`a
mgs wisslc wir iczwiso`lc gro`íhahbiso`l Micbl [rhflntihcseaío`l
eñr vilal Lrzí`aucblc sicm.
Lic so`õcls Jlispila eñr mil vhc Zilon`hee jlcgcctl –cgrrgtivl
Wugaitít mlr
Micbl ist mil `lgtlrplrehrdgcol –Isgjlaag’s Zhhd, mil Blblcstgcm
mls Jlitrgbsvhc Gstrim @gonla (_. 727-705) ist. Id Vlctrud mls
_tñons stl`lc zg`arlio`l lt`chahbiso`l ucm gro`íhahbiso`l Hjflntl
liclr privgtlc _gddaucb, dit mlclc mil _o`guspilalr*icclc –aivl hc
stgbl gbilrlc (@gonla ic milsld Jgcm, 72<). Cur `gcmlat ls
sio` pridír tgtsío`aio` cho` ud Hjflntl mlr Ngtlbhril lt`chahbiso`/
gro`íhahbiso`8 _icm mil Hjflntl, mil licst privgtl _gddalrstñonl
wgrlc, muro` mil \dmlutucb mls Lrjlc ucm Zlbisslurs Fgc Aguwlrs
cio`t iczwiso`lc zu Micblc mls `lgtlrs jzw. zu Zlquisitlc blwhrmlc8
Mgs Jlispila vhc @gonla, m.`. mil Blso`io`tl vhc –Isgjlaag’s Zhhd
ist gash guo` lic butls Lxldpla eñr mil Heelc`lit vhc Hjflntlc
blblcñjlr uctlrso`ilmaio`lc Jlmlutucbszuso`rlijucblc.
Brltg Oivis (_. 702-79<) sprio`t milsls `ldg ic i`rld lxt
lxpaizit gc. Oivislricclrt ucs mgrgc, mgss egst flmls Micb Dñaa
ist, jlvhr ls zud gro`íhahbiso`lc _gddaucbs- hmlr Ehrso`ucbsprhmunt
wirm. Id Gcso`auss gc mil Dñaat`lhril vhc Dio`gla `hdpshc ergbt
sil, wgrud _gddaucbsmicbl cio`t wilmlr Dñaa wlrmlc nõcclc ucm wlist
mgdit gue lic strunturlaals [rhjald mlr Gro`íhahbil gas
Lxplrt*icclcicstitutihc dit Gcbst vhr Jlmlutucbsvlraust `ic. Gjlr
bijt ls mlcc wirnaio` jlbrñcmltl Gczlio`lc mgeñr, mgss mgs
nhctrhaailrtl Lct-_gddlac ñjlreñaatlr Dgbgzicl zud nuaturlaalc
Jlmlutucbsvlraust mlr Gro`íhahbil hmlr bgr zu i`rld Icegrnt eñ`rlc
wñrml8 Io` mlcnl ngud. L`lr cho` mrl`t sio` mil
Gro`íhahbil i`rlc liblclc _trion, wlcc sil sio` cio`t
nritiso` dit gntulaalc
Misnurslc guslicgcmlrsltzt ucm i`rlc Jaion cio`t wilmlr vlrdl`rt
gue gcmlrl, vhr gaald blistlswisslcso`getaio`l Eío`lr rio`tlt.
Mlcc, slit liciblc Fg`rlc wirm mil
Gro`íhahbil eñr i`rlc Zlio`tud gc dgtlrilaalc
Ehrso`ucbshjflntlc jlclimlt ucm dgc õrt so`hc licdga liclc
Nuaturwisslcso`getalr (sio!) zu Gro`íhahb*icclc sgblc, –i`r `gjt
mho` mil Micbl ic Dgsslc, cgo` mlclc wir suo`lc.7; Milsl _uo`l
cgo` Hjflntlc gas Lrnlcctcisdittla mlr _hziga- shwil
Blistlswisslcso`getlc ucm ilr vhr gaald mlr
Blso`io`tswisslcso`getlc ist gcblsio`ts mls trgmitihclaa
nhdducizilrtlc [ridgts mlr _o`rietqulaalc muro`gus lrstgucaio`. Ls
ñjlrrgso`t mg`lr cio`t, mgss mil @icwlcmucb zud Dgtlrilaalc vhc mlc
tlxthrilctilrtlc Risslcso`getlc dituctlr gas blwgatiblr Licso`citt
ic licl agcbl blpealbtl Ehrso`ucbstrgmitihc
jlbrieelc wirm ucm vhd dgtlriga turc jzw.
dgtlriga-ouaturga-turc mil Zlml ist.77 \cm tgtsío`aio`
`gt mgs Ictlrlssl gc mlc Micblc ucm i`rlr Dgtlrigaitít gas
Ehrso`ucbsblblcstgcm eío`lrñjlrbrlielcm guo` id mlutso`sprgo`iblc
Zgud
7; _h blso`l`lc jli mlr Fg`rlstgbucb mlr Blslaaso`get eñr
Risslcso`gets- ucm lo`cinehrso`ucb :;7; zud ]ldg –Mil Rirnucb mlr
Micbl gas [rhjald ldpiriso`lr Ehrso`ucb (\ZA6 `ttp6//www.bwte.
ml/gro`iv/:;7;j-dgic.`tda ^altztlr Vubri 77.;7.:;7<T), gas
Fho`lc Baíslr mlc Uhrtrgb vhc _tlegc _o`rlijlr ucm gcfg Vlo` ñjlr
–JlMicbtl Ictlrvilws6 Gro`íhahbiso`l Blmgcnlc zu Dlt`hmlc mlr
Micbjlergbucb dit mld blcgcctlc Vitgt nhddlctilrtl (dñcma. @icwlis
_tlegc _o`rlijlr).
77 Vur Blso`io`tl mls dgtlriga-ouaturga-turc ucm mlr
nhczlptulaalc Ulrjicmucb zwiso`lc Gro`íhahbil ucm mlr
Nuaturgct`rhphahbil sil`l @ions :;7; dit wlitlreñ`rlcmlr Aitlrgtur.
Vud dgtlriga turc
ic mlr mlutso`lc Risslcso`get z.J. Jríucalic :;7: ucm Zlonwitz
:;7?. Nritiso` jlzñbaio` mls icgtihcírlc Bljrguo`s mls Rhrtls turc
ic Jlzub gue mlc dgtlriga turc sil`l @g`c lt ga . :;7=,
7.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
17/391
7<
zublchddlc.7: Hj dit milsld clulc Dgtlrigaitítsictlrlssl
vlrbalio`jgr mlc dgtlriga ouaturl stumils mls
gcbahgdlringciso`lc Zguds (vba. @ions/Jlgumry :;7;) guo` id
mlutso`sprgo`iblc Zgud licl Rlcml dgo`jgr ist, duss sio` lrst cho`
lrwlislc. Mgss mil Gro`íhahbil vhc licld dgtlriga turc
prheitilrlc wñrml, mgvhc sicm licibl Guthr*icclc milsls Jgcmls
ñjlrzlubt. Ls bijt gjlr guo` nritiso`l
_tiddlc, wil sio` zliblc wirm. Mho`, whvhc blcgu wirm blsprho`lc,
wlcc icgcmlrlc Eío`lrc vhc dgtlriga ouaturl jzw.
Dgtlrilaalr Nuatur mil Zlml ist8 Vucío`st wlislc mil clulc
Micblxplrtislc gue mil Ulrcgo`aíssibucb ucm
\ctlrso`ítzucb dgtlrilaalr Nuatur `ic. Mil [rídilrucb mls
Iddgtlrilaalc ic mlr lurhpíiso`lc Blistlsblso`io`tl `gjl zu liclr
Gsyddltril zwiso`lc mlc Dlcso`lc ucm mlc Micblc bleñ`rt, mil ls
ngud dõbaio` dgo`l, mil Jlmlutucb mlr Blblcstícml zu lrnlcclc, sh
so`hc vhr Fg`rlc mlr Lt`chahbl @gcs [ltlr @g`c (:;;<, 2). Ls
bl`t zulrst gash brucmsítzaio` ud mil _io`tjgrdgo`ucb vhc Micblc
ucm ud mlrlc Licjlttucb ic nhdpalxl Dlcso`-Micb-Jlzil`ucblc (vba.
_thon`gddlr :;77). Milsl Jlzil`ucblc wlrmlc gc`gcm mlr
Lxistlcz,
Dgtlrigaitít ucm Rgcmlajgrnlit vhc Micblc uctlrsuo`t, mil ñjlr mil
typiso`lcNgtlbhrisilrucblc vhc Hjflntlc `icgusbl`lc (vba. Icbham
:;;2> Diaalr :;;<). Gcblsio`ts milslr clulc
Gcsítzl so`lict ls, gas hj guo` mil Gro`íhahbil gas
licl guptsío`aio` gd Dlcso`lc gusblrio`tltl isthriso`l Risslcso`get
ñjlrmgo`t wlrmlc dñssl, mil mil Micbl gue i`rl Eucntihc gas
Ehrso`ucbshjflnt rlmuzilrt, dit Cuddlrc vlrsil`t, rlstgurilrt,
gcgaysilrt, jlso`rlijt, gjjiamlt, ic liciblc Eíaalc gusstlaat,
gcshcstlc ic gro`íhahbiso`lc Gro`ivlc agblrt. _hwh`a mil [haysldil
mlr Micbl gas guo` mil nhcstitutivl Ictlrgntihc mlr Dlcso`lc dit
mlc Micblc wlrmlc muro` milsl [rgxis systldgtiso` licblso`rícnt.
Uhc gro`íhahbiso`lr _litl gus shaatl mgs clul Ictlrlssl mlr
Cgo`jgrmiszipaiclc gc dgtlrilaalr Nuatur gash
gaaldga jlgo`tlcswlrt slic, cio`t cur wlia sio` mgrgus O`gcolc eñr
[rhflntl dit ictlrmiszipaicírlr Vusgddlcgrjlit jiltlc.7? Ic
lrstlr Aicil duss mgcgo` blergbt wlrmlc, wlao`l Guswirnucblc mil
blwlcmltl _io`twlisl gue mlc Lrnlcctciswlrt vhc _go`nuatur eñr
ucslr Ego` `gt ucm `gjlc ngcc (sil`l guo` @hedgcc ucm _o`rlijlr
:;77> :;7=> _thon`gddlr :;77). _h ist mgcgo` zu ergblc, wil
stgrn jlispilaswlisl mil `lsl vhc mlr Gblcoy mlr Micbl (Agthur 7990
^7997T> Blaa 7990> vba. Jilaelamt :;7=, 70) gc mlr
gro`íhahbiso`lc Blwh`c`lit, mil Micbl cgo` Gatlr ucm pridírlr
Eucntihc zu jlso`rlijlc ucm zu hrmclc rñttlat. Hmlr, wil cg` rñonlc
ucs mil nuaturlaa erldmlc Micbl muro` i`rlc Liblcsicc (@g`c
7: V.J. Jilaelamt :;7=> _gdimg lt ga . :;7=> iltdlylr lt
ga . :;7;> Jõ`dl :;;5> @g`c :;;<> Nõcib
:;;<> Ulit lt ga . :;;?> _laal 7992> Eausslr 799?.
Alxinggrtinla zu milsld ]ldg sicm iczwiso`lc ljlcegaas hcaicl6 z.J.
–Dgtlrilaal Nuatur vhc Gcmrlgs Aumwib (\ZA6 `ttp6//mhouplmig.ml/zb/
DgtlrilaalXNuatur ^altztlr Vubri :2.;7.:;7<T) hmlr mlr
lctsprlo`lcml Riniplmiglictrgb (\ZA6
`ttp6//ml.winiplmig.hrb/wini/DgtlrilaalXNuatur ^altztlr Vubri
:=.;7.:;7<T). @iczuwlislc ist guo` gue mil Dgtlrigaitítlctgbucb
ic Dgicz id Fg`r :;776 (\ZA6 `ttp6//www.dgtlrigaitgltlc.shoud.
uci-dgicz.ml/ ^altztlr Vubri :=.;7.:;7<T).
7? Mgs Jucmlsdicistlriud eñr Jiamucb ucm Ehrso`ucb (JDJE) `gt id
Fg`r :;7: lrstdgas lic Ehrso`ucbsprhbrgdd uctlr mld itla –Mil
_prgo`l mlr Hjflntl gusblruelc. Jlrlits bleõrmlrt wirm mgs [rhflnt
–_ian Zhgm Egs`ihc Nalimucb gas Nhdducingtihcsdittla id lrstlc
Fg`rtguslcm v. O`r. ic Hstzlctrgagsilc, mgs vhd Mlutso`lc
Gro`íhahbiso`lc Icstitut Jlraic [lnicb icitiilrt wurml. Guo`
mlr Ehnus id Brgmuilrtlcnhaalb –Rlrt & Íquivgalct gc mlr
Bhlt`l-\civlrsitít Ergcneurt ailbt gue dgtlrilaalr Nuatur. Dit mlr
Dgtlrigaitít vhc lxtnuaturlc jlso`íetibt sio` mlr
balio`cgdibl
_EJ gc mlr \civlrsitít @limlajlrb
(\ZA6`ttp6//www.dgtlrigal-tlxtnuaturlc.ml/ ^altztlr Vubri
:=.;7.:;7<T).
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
18/391
75
:;7?) gue mlc Alij8 Ril vila Dhmlrcl sl`lc wir, wlcc wir
`isthriso`l Hjflntl dinrhsnhpiso` blcgu jltrgo`tlc8 \cm wgs
jlmlutlt ls, ñjlr mil Jlmicbt`lit mls Aljlcs ucm mil Ulrwionaucblc
vhc Dlcso` ucm Micb ic Ulrbgcblc`lit, Blblcwgrt ucm Vunucet
cgo`zumlcnlc8 Ril gash nõcctl gro`íhahbiso`l Ehrso`ucb flcslits vhc
Micbtyphahbilc gas Jgsis mlr dlcso`aio`lc Blso`io`tl gussl`lc, wlcc
wir
ucs gc Jruch Agthurs Dgcielst vhc mlc Micblc gas Gntgctlc (Agthur
7990^7997T) hmlr @grtdut Jõ`dls (:;;5, 79) G`cucb vhc liclr
Blslaaso`get mlr Micbl hrilctilrlc ucm vhr mld @ictlrbrucm vhc
Micb-Lctwñrelc gas lxtlcmlm dicm (Oagrn/O`gadlrs 7990) hmlr
cuc wilmlr iddgtlrilaa Dgtlrigaitít gas Cltz vhc Jlmlutucblc
vlrstl`lc (@g`c :;;<)8
Id zwlitlc lia mls vhrailblcmlc _gddlajgcms wirm mg`lr misnutilrt,
wil gro`íhahbiso`l Hjflntl flcslits mlr ltgjailrtlc
ldpiriso`-gctiqugriso`lc [rgxis uctlrsuo`t wlrmlc nõcclc. Mil
Guthr*icclc sicm sio` mgjli nliclsegaas iddlr licib. _o`hc mgs
Ictlrvilw zwiso`lc Dgcerlm N. @. Lbblrt ucm _tlegcil _gdimg (_.
792-:7=) albt licibl Mieelrlczlc heelc, mil id Ego` jlzñbaio` mlr
clulc
Micbjlmlutsgdnlit `lrrso`lc. Mils jltrieet Ergblc cgo` mlc
Bldlicsgdnlitlcucm \ctlrso`ilmlc zwiso`lc mlr Gro`íhahbil gas
Risslcso`get dgtlrilaalr Wulaalc ucm mlc ljlcegaas gue Dgtlril
jlzhblclc Cgturwisslcso`getlc ljlcsh wil mil Zlzlptihc mlr
Gntlur-Cltzwlrn-`lhril vhc Agthur, ic mlr licibl liclc Zlttucbsricb
sl`lc, wh gcmlrl milsl Dhmllrso`licucb balio` ñjlr Jhrm wlrelc
whaalc. Cio`t slatlc wlrmlc gus mlr Nritin gc mlr imlgaistiso`lc
Rlatsio`t `lrgus gatl Micbvhrstlaaucblc wil flcl vhc Blhrb _iddla
(70<0-7970), Dgrtic @limlbblr (7009-7925) ucm Lrcst Jaho`
(700<-7922) `lrvhrbl`hat, wlcc ls ud mil _prgo`l mlr Micbl bl`t,
wil Dgtt`igs Fucb (_. :7<-:=;) ic slicld Jlitrgb nritiso`
gcdlrnt. Flmho` jiltlc milsl lxtl, sh Fucb, guo` `lutl nliclc
Gcrliz
eñr mil Gro`íhahbil, sio` dit i`clc gus @heecucb ud
Lrnlcctcisehrtso`ritt zu jlso`íetiblc.7= Fucb stlaat
stgttmlsslc mlc gdlringciso`lc [rgbdgtisdus gas vilavlrsprlo`lcml
dlt`hmiso`l Eucmilrucb eñr mil Gro`íhahbil zur Misnussihc ucm
sprio`t sio` mgdit eñr liclc Gcsgtz gus, mlr jis`lr nliclc Licbgcb
ic mil gro`íhahbiso`l `lhrilmljgttl bleucmlc `gt. Mil wuo`tibl
Nritin vhc `hdgs Dlilr (_. :=7-:0:) gd gntulaalc Dhmlnhczlpt
Dgtlrigaitít, mgs vhr gaald dit [`íchdlchahbil ucm phsitivistiso`lr
Lpistldhahbil @gcm ic @gcm bl`t, nhddt wilmlrud gus liclr bgcz
gcmlrlc Zio`tucb. Dlilr ist rlblarlo`t lctsltzt mgrñjlr, mgss mil
vlrdlictaio` clulc Micb-`lhrilc phsitivistiso`l Ñjlrzlubucblc gus
mld vhraltztlc Fg`r`ucmlrt jlmilclc ucm mgzu dgo`tstrunturlaa
rñonwírtsblwgcmt
sicm. Dlilr albt ic slicld Lssgy gus _io`t licls Nhcstruntivistlc
gjlr cio`t cur mil lrnlcctcist`lhrltiso`l Idpaingtihc ucm
wisslcs`isthriso`l _o`cittstlaalc mls (clh-)p`íchdlchahbiso`lc
Agblrs erli, shcmlrc bijt guo` zu jlmlcnlc, ic wlao`ld
blslaaso`getsphaitiso`lc Vusgddlc`gcb mgs Micbictlrlssl stl`t, vhc
mld licibl dliclc, ls wñrml mil Nuaturwisslcso`getlc gue mlc Nhpe
stlaalc.
7= Gjblsl`lc vhc milsld Grbudlct, ist @limlbblrs [`iahshp`il dit
mlc fñcbstlc Ulrõlctaio`ucblc mlr Blsgdtgusbgjl wlitlr ic Ulrrue
blrgtlc. @limlbblrs –_o`wgrzl @letl, mil zwiso`lc 79?7 ucm 79=7
lctstgcmlc sicm, so`ñrlc cio`t cur mlc Ulrmgo`t mls Gctislditisdus
jli @limlbblr, wil slajst mlr @lrgusbljlr [ltlr rgwcy zubijt (cgo`
Ugln :;7=, 2;), shcmlrc eñr ]hdgs Ugln (:;7=, 25) jlstítiblc sil
zumld mgs \rtlia, mgss @limlbblrs [`iahshp`il –id Nlrc
gcti-aijlrga, gcti-
mldhnrgtiso`, gcti-`udgcistiso`, gcti-rgtihcga ist. Rlr dõo`tl
gcblsio`ts milslr Elststlaaucb cho` dit @limlbblr mlcnlc8
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
19/391
72
Nlrstic [. @hedgcc (_. :0?-?;0) wilmlrud bijt id Gcso`auss gc
Uhan`grm Ncibbl zu jlmlcnlc, mgss guo` ic mlr Guslicgcmlrsltzucb
dit mlc Micblc gas Dgtlrilaal Nuatur cio`t vlrcgo`aíssibt wlrmlc
shaatl, mgss –Lrnlcctcisictlrlsslc, Ergblstlaaucblc ucm
Zlalvgczjlstidducblc shwil dhrgaiso`l ucm lt`iso`l @hrizhctl stlts
ic mil Jlmlutucb liclr Wulaal licbl`lc (@hedgcc ic milsld
Jgcm, :9<). Licl Blso`io`tsso`rlijucb, mil ls gue licl
hjflntivl, zlitaio` aiclgrlLrzí`aucb gjblsl`lc gt, ist gash guo`
dit Micblc cio`t zu gjlc. Gcstlaal iddlrzu milslajlc Ergblc cgo`
mlr Lctstl`ucb mlr Micbl, i`rld Gatlr, i`rlr @lrnucet ucm i`rlr
hjflntivlc Eucntihc zu stlaalc, paímilrt @hedgcc mgeñr, sio` id
\dbgcb dit mlc Micblc ealxijla zu zliblc ucm stlts mil
vlrso`ilmlclc, migo`rhclc Dlcso`- Micb-Nhcstlaagtihclc ic mlc Jaion
zu cl`dlc.
Ic mlc gcwlcmucbshrilctilrtlc Jlitríblc wlrmlc mil clulc Imllc zud
Ulrstícmcis vhd Micbslic wil sil ud `ilr cur licibl zu clcclc vhc
Agthur (z.J. :;7; ^:;;<T), Mgcila Diaalr (:;;<), Fgcl Jlccltt
(:;7;) hmlr Igc @hmmlr (:;7:) ehrduailrt whrmlc sicm, lxldpagriso`
gue mil gro`íhahbiso`l Ehrso`ucb
ñjlrtrgblc. Id Jlshcmlrlc gjlr eicmlt mgjli mlr
Gntlur-Cltzwlrn-`lhril (GC)Jlgo`tucb. Mlc Guthr*icclc zuehabl
õeeclt sil mlc Nuaturgct`rhphahbilc ucm Blso`io`tswisslcso`getlc
clul Ehrso`ucbsríudl, ic mlclc `ldlc misnutilrt wlrmlc nõcclc, mil
zuvhr dit _oilcol Eiotihc hmlr `õo`stlcs mlc lo`cin- ucm
Dlmilcwisslcso`getlc gsshziilrt whrmlc sicm. _tlegc _o`rlijlr (_.
?;9-??;) lrnaírt ucs ic milsld Vusgddlc`gcb wil Mhccg @grgwgys
Nhczlpt mlr Oyjhrbs guo` eñr mil gro`íhahbiso`l Ulrbgcblc`lit
cutzjgr ist. Mil Eibur mlr Oyjhrb `lael mgjli, sh _o`rlijlr, licl
udegsslcml _hzigagro`íhahbil zu jltrlijlc, icmld dit i`r mil Zhaal
mlr dgtlrilaa wirnsgdlc Gntlur*icclc rlealntilrt wlrmlc ngcc, mil
gd Lctstl`lc mls gro`íhahbiso`lc Jleucmls jltliaibt sicm.
Balio`zlitib sthØlc wir
ic mlr gro`íhahbiso`lc [rgxis iddlr wilmlr gc mil Brlczlc mls
Nhczlptls vhc Agthur. Id jlstlc Egaa agsslc sio` jlhjgo`tltl Dícbla
muro` liblcl t`lhrltiso`l, vhd gro`íhahbiso`lc Dgtlriga gjblalitltl
gjstrgntl Lrwlitlrucblc jl`ljlc wil [`iaipp _thon`gddlr (_.
??7-?=:) ic slicld Jlitrgb ñjlr –Dlcso`-Micb- Ulrlo`tucblc gus ur-
ucm erñ`blso`io`taio`lr [lrsplntivl zlibt. Blrgml mil `ilr ic mlc
Jaion blchddlclc Jlzil`ucblc zwiso`lc Dlcso` ucm Micb jlso`wõrt
licl _lcsijiaitít eñr mil Rgcmlajgrnlit mlr Micbl `lrgue, mil licl
gro`íhahbiso`l Wulaalcnritin jlrlio`lrc wñrml. Guo` eñr Grciog
NlØlalr (_. ?=?-?5?) ist mil rlccucb vhc _ujflnt ucm Hjflnt, wil
sil ic mlr wlstaio`lc Rlat vhr`lrrso`lcm ist,
Gusbgcbspucnt i`rlr Ñjlralbucblc zud Ictlrprltgtihcsspilargud
vhc Hjflntlc
flcslits i`rlr pridírlc Eucntihc. Ic Gcal`cucb gc mgs Nhczlpt
mlr Ghrmgcz ucm gd Jlispila vhc _piccwirtlac gus Dhcfunai Mlpl,
urndlcistgc vlrwlist sil gue licl clul gro`íhahbiso`l [rgxis
flcslits –liclr mltlrdicilrlcmlc Uhrmlutucb gro`íhahbiso`lr Wulaalc
(Jlitrgb NlØlalr ic milsld Jgcm, ?=<). Mil Gue`ljucb mls
Mugaisdus zwiso`lc _ujflnt ucm Hjflnt ist guo` eñr gtigcg Ivalvg
Gusbgcbspucnt i`rlr \ctlrsuo`ucb vhc – Duatiegoltlm
Jritis`-dgml Jrhho`ls Gjrhgm (_. ?5<-?05). _il
uctlrso`limlt viladl`r zwiso`lc Micbaio`nlit (t`icbaiclss ),
m.`. mlr Dgtlrigaitít licls Hjflntls liclrslits, ucm mlr
Hjflnt`getibnlit (hjflotclss ) licls [rhmunts, id _iccl mlr
Blblcstícmaio`nlit mlr Cgtur mls Dlcso`lc gcmlrlrslits. Mil
Hjflnt`getibnlit (hjflotclss-he-t`l-hjflot ) mrñont mgjli mil
Uilaso`io`tibnlit mls
Dlcso`slics `icsio`taio` Imlctitít, @gcmaucblc ucm Lreg`rucblc
dgtlrilaa, gash
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
20/391
70
sgo`aio` gus. \cm vilaalio`t ist milsl Uhrbl`lcswlisl lic Gcsgtz
eñr mil vhc Zilon`h ucm @hedgcc jlso`riljlcl Zñonnl`r zur
cgrrgtivl^cT Wugaitít mlr Micbl8
Ls dgb jiswlialc mlr Licmruon lctstgcmlc slic, mgss mil `ilr
vlrsgddlatlc Jlitríbl mgs Lcml mlr ldpiriso`lc Ehrso`ucb ic mlr
Gro`íhahbil gusruelc dõo`tlc. Mld ist cio`t sh. Rir, gash mil
@lrgusbljlr*icclc mlcnlc gjlr, mgss
mil Gro`íhahbil ic flmld Egaa but jlrgtlc ist, wlcc sil mil
blblcwírtibl O`gcolcutzt, ud ñjlr i`rl Lreg`rucblc id \dbgcb dit
mlc Micblc zu sprlo`lc. Blrgml Gro`íhahb*icclc nõcclc vhc
uczí`aiblc Ulrsuo`lc jlrio`tlc, Micbl vlreñb- ucm jlbrliejgr zu
dgo`lc. _il nõcclc vhc mlc @lrgusehrmlrucblc lrzí`alc, sio` mlc
Micblc dit i`rld Liblcsicc ucm i`rlr ñonl zu cí`lrc. Mho` alimlr
bicblc gus mlr mlutso`sprgo`iblc Gro`íhahbil jis`lr cur wlcibl
Idpuasl gus milslr Zio`tucb zu flclc Eío`lrc, mil zurzlit id
Jlbriee sicm, sio` mld Dgtlrilaalc vlrstírnt zuzuwlcmlc. Mgs ist
udsh jlmgulraio`lr, mg gus gro`íhahbiso`lr [lrsplntivl wil blzlibt
wurml muro`gus guo` Nritin gd blblcwírtiblc Ulrsuo` mls
Micbvlrstícmcissls zu ñjlc ist.
Aitlrgtur
Jlccltt :;7; Fgcl Jlccltt, Uijrgct Dgttlr. G [haitioga
Lohahby he `icbs (Mur`gd/Ahcmhc :;7;).
Jilaelamt :;7= Zut` Jilaelamt, Blblcwgrt ucm Ulrblblcwírtibucb6
mycgdiso`l Micbl id Gusbgcb vhc @hdlr. Ic6 Zut` Jilaelamt (@rsb.),
Micb ucm Dlcso` ic mlr Gctinl. Blblcwgrt ucm Ulrblblcwírtibucb
(@limlajlrb :;7=) 7<-=0.
Jõ`dl :;;5 @grtdut Jõ`dl, Eltiso`isdus ucm Nuatur. Licl gcmlrl
`lhril mlr Dhmlrcl (@gdjurb :;;5).
Jríucalic :;7: [ltlr Jríucalic, Dgtlriga urc. Ic6
Blhrb-Gubust-\civlrsitít (@rsb.), Micbl mls
Risslcs. Mil _gddaucblc, Dusllc ucm Bírtlc mlr \civlrsitít
Bõtticblc (Bõtticblc :;7:) ?;-==.
Oagrn/O`gadlrs 7990 Gcmy Oagrn/Mgvim F. O`gadlrs, `l Lxtlcmlm
Dicm. Gcgaysis <0, 7990, 2-79.
Eausslr 799? Uiaéd Eausslr, Micbl ucm \cmicbl6 [`íchdlchahbiso`l
_nizzlc (Dñco`lc 799?).
Blaa 7990 Gaerlm Blaa, Grt gcm Gblcoy. Gc Gct`rhphahbioga
`lhry (Hxehrm 7990).
@g`c :;;< @gcs [ltlr @g`c, Dgtlrilaal Nuatur. Licl Liceñ`rucb
(Jlraic :;;<).
@g`c :;7? @gcs [ltlr @g`c, Uhd Liblcsicc mlr Micbl. Jgylriso`ls
Fg`rjuo` eñr Uhansnucml :;7?, 7?-::.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
21/391
79
@g`c lt ga . :;7= @gcs [ltlr @g`c/Dgcerlm N. @.
Lbblrt/_tlegcil _gdimg, Licalitucb6 Dgtlrilaal Nuatur ic mlc
Nuatur- ucm _hzigawisslcso`getlc. Ic6 _tlegcil _gdimg/Dgcerlm N. @.
Lbblrt/@gcs [ltlr @g`c (@rsb.), @gcmjuo` Dgtlrilaal Nuatur.
Jlmlutucblc Nhczlptl Miszipaiclc (_tuttbgrt :;7=) 7-7:.
@ions :;7; Mgc @ions, `l Dgtlriga-Ouaturga urc6 Lvlct gcm Leelot.
Ic6 Mgc @ions/Dgry O. Jlgumry (@rsb.), `l Hxehrm @gcmjhhn he
Dgtlriga Ouaturl _tumils (Hxehrm :;7;) :<-90.
@ions/Jlgumry :;7; Mgc @ions/Dgry O. Jlgumry (@rsb.), `l Hxehrm
@gcmjhhn he Dgtlriga Ouaturl _tumils (Hxehrm :;7;).
@hmmlr :;7: Igc @hmmlr, Lctgcbalm. Gc Gro`glhahby he t`l
Zlagtihcs`ips jltwllc @udgcs gcm `icbs (Dgamlc DG :;7:).
@hedgcc/_o`rlijlr :;77 Nlrstic [. @hedgcc/_tlegc _o`rlijlr, Dit
Agczlttlc muro` mlc prgotioga turc. Vud Rlo`slaspila zwiso`lc
Dlcso` ucm Micb gus gro`íhahbiso`lr [lrsplntivl. Lt`chbrgp`iso
-Gro`íhahbiso`l Vlitso`riet <:/:, :;77, 75?-702.
@hedgcc/_o`rlijlr :;7= Nlrstic [. @hedgcc/_tlegc _o`rlijlr,
Dgtlrilaal Nuatur. Ic6 Mhrllc Dõamlrs/_gjicl
Rhaergd, _o`añsslajlbrieel mlr [rí`isthriso`lc Gro`íhahbil.
ñjicblr Gro`íhahbiso`l gso`lcjño`lr 77 (Dñcstlr :;7=)
729-70=.
Icbham :;;2
id Icbham, Dgtlrigas gbgicst Dgtlrigaity. Gro`glhahbioga Migahbuls
7=, :;;2, 7-75.
Nõcib :;;< Bumruc D. Nõcib (@rsb.), Gaatgbsmicbl. Lrnucmucblc
mlr dgtlrilaalc Nuatur. ñjicblr Nuaturwisslcso`getaio`l Blsprío`l 7
(ñjicblc :;;<).
Nrlilcjricn :;7= Ergunl Nrlilcjricn, _gddaucblc ucm Dusllc. Ic6
Mhrllc Dõamlrs/_gjicl Rhaergd (@rsb.), _o`añsslajlbrieel mlr
[rí`isthriso`lc Gro`íhahbil. ñjicblr Gro`íhahbiso`l gso`lcjño`lr 77
(Dñcstlr :;7=) :<<-:<9.
Nuchw :;7=
Fñrblc Nuchw, Jhmlcmlcndgapealbl. Ic6 Mhrllc Dõamlrs/_gjicl
Rhaergd (@rsb.), _o`añsslajlbrieel mlr [rí`isthriso`lc Gro`íhahbil.
ñjicblr Gro`íhahbiso`l gso`lcjño`lr 77 (Dñcstlr :;7=) 59-2=.
Nñddla :;;? O`risthp` Nñddla, Ril wlit tríbt lic Icmizilcjlwlis8
Vur gro`íhahbiso`lc Ñjlreñ`rucb vhc Brgjríujlrc. Ic6 \ario`
Ulit/hjigs A. Nilcaic/O`risthp` Nñddla/ _gso`g _o`dimt (@rsb.),
_purlc ucm Jhtso`getlc. Ictlrprltgtihclc dgtlrilaalr Nuatur.
ñjicblr Gro`íhahbiso`l gso`lcjño`lr = (Dñcstlr :;;?)
7?<-7<5.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
22/391
:;
Agthur 7990 ^7997T Jruch Agthur, Rir sicm cil dhmlrc blwlslc.
Ulrsuo` liclr syddltriso`lc
Gct`rhphahbil (Ergcneurt g.D. 7990) ^zulrst Chus cgvhcs
fgdgis été dhmlrcls lssgi mgct`rhphahbil sydétriqul ([gris
7997)T.
Agthur :;7; ^:;;<T
Jruch Agthur, Licl clul _hzihahbil eñr licl clul Blslaaso`get.
Liceñ`rucb ic mil Gntlur-Cltzwlrn-`lhril (Ergcneurt g.D.
:;7;) ^zulrst Zlgssldjaicb t`l shoiga Gc Ictrhmuotihc th
Gothr-Cltwhrn-`lhry (Hxehrm :;;<)T.
Dgctl :;;? Bgjrilal Dgctl, _purlc alslc6 Mil Zlalvgcz
nridicgaistiso`lr Dlt`hmlc eñr mil gro`íhahbiso`l Risslcso`get. Ic6
\ario` Ulit/hjigs Nilcaic/O`risthp` Nñddla/ _gso`g _o`dimt (@rsb.),
_purlc ucm Jhtso`getlc6 Ictlrprltgtihclc dgtlrilaalr Nuatur.
ñjicblr Gro`íhahbiso`l gso`lcjño`lr = (Dñcstlr :;;?)
7<2-72:.
Diaalr :;;< Mgcila Diaalr, Dgtlrigaity6 Gc Ictrhmuotihc. Ic6
Mgcila Diaalr (@rsb.), Dgtlrigaity
(Mur`gd/Ahcmhc :;;<) 7-<;.
Zlonwitz :;7? Gcmrlgs Zlonwitz, Mil Dgtlrigaisilrucb mlr
Nuaturt`lhrilc. Ic6 Zlic`grm Fh`alr (@rsb.), NuaturXNuatur. Mlcnlc
Ehrso`lc Mgrstlaalc. ?0. Nhcbrlss mlr Mlutso`lc Blslaaso`get eñr
Uhansnucml ic ñjicblc :;77 (Ergcneurt g.D. :;7?) :0-?2.
_gdimg :;7;g _tlegcil _gdimg, _o`aildgccs Lrjl8 [hpuaírl
Jiamlr vhc Gro`íhahbil ic mlr Õeelctaio`nlit. Ic6 @gcs-Fhgo`id
Bl`rnl/Dirigd _écéo`lgu (@rsb.), Blso`io`tl,
Gro`íhahbil, Õeelctaio`nlit. Eñr liclc clulc Migahb zwiso`lc
Risslcso`get ucm
Dlmilc (Jilalelam :;7;) ?7-=0. _gdimg :;7;j
_tlegcil _gdimg, Gusbríjlr ucm Lctmlonlr, Gjlctlurlr ucm @lam6
[hpuaírl Blso`io`tsvlrdittaucb ic gro`íhahbiso`lc
Elrcsl`mhnudlctgtihclc. Ic6 Nagus
Grcham/Rgatlr @õdjlrb/_usgccl Niccljrhon (@rsb.),
Blso`io`tsfhurcgaisdus. Vwiso`lc Icehrdgtihc ucm Icszlcilrucb.
Nhdducingtihcsblso`io`tl :7 (Dñcstlr :;7;) :79-:??.
_gdimg :;7? _tlegcil _gdimg, Gro`íhahbil ucm Õeelctaio`nlit. Vud
_tgcm mlr Zlealxihc. Ic6 Dgcerlm N. @. Lbblrt/\ario` Ulit (@rsb.),
`lhril ic mlr Gro`íhahbil6 Vur
mlutso`sprgo`iblc Misnussihc. ñjicblr Gro`íhahbiso`l gso`lcjño`lr
7; (Dñcstlr/ Clw Yhrn/Dñco`lc :;7?) ??2-?2=.
_gdimg lt ga . :;7= _tlegcil _gdimg/Dgcerlm N. @. Lbblrt/@gcs
[ltlr @g`c (@rsb.), @gcmjuo` Dgtlrilaal Nuatur. Jlmlutucblc
Nhczlptl Miszipaiclc (_tuttbgrt :;7=).
_laal 7992 Blrt _laal, _iljlcsgo`lc6 Lic Juo` ñjlr mil Micbl
(Ergcneurt g.D. 7992).
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
23/391
:7
_thon`gddlr :;77 [`iaipp R. _thon`gddlr, Uhc mlr [hstdhmlrcl zud
prgotiol turc. Eñr lic cluls Ulrstícmcis mls
Dlcso`-Micb-Ulr`íatcissls ic mlr Gro`íhahbil. Lt`chbrgp`iso`-
Gro`íhahbiso`l Vlitso`riet <:, :;77, 700-:7=.
iltdlylr lt ga . :;7;
Laisgjlt` ildlylr/Oagumig @irso`jlrblr/Ngrhaicl Chgon/Fgcl Zlmaic
(@rsb.), Mil _prgo`l mlr Micbl. Nuaturwisslcso`getaio`l
[lrsplntivlc gue mil dgtlrilaal Nuatur (Dñcstlr/Clw Yhrn/Dñco`lc
:;7;).
Ulit lt ga . :;;? \ario` Ulit/hjigs Nilcaic/O`risthp`
Nñddla/_gso`g _o`dimt (@rsb.), _purlc ucm Jhtso`getlc6
Ictlrprltgtihclc dgtlrilaalr Nuatur. ñjicblr Gro`íhahbiso`l
gso`lcjño`lr = (Dñcstlr :;;?).
Ugln :;7= `hdgs Ugln, Lic thtgaitírlr Mlcnlr. @h`l Auet ;5, :;7=,
59-25.
Ñjlr mil Guthric6
Mhrllc Dõamlrs ist slit :;7? wisslcso`getaio`l
Ditgrjlitlric/Nurgthric gd _tggtaio`lc Duslud eñr Gro`íhahbil
O`ldcitz. Vuvhr wgr sil eñce Fg`rl gas wisslcso`getaio`l
Ditgrjlitlric gd Al`rstu`a eñr \r- ucm Erñ`blso`io`tl mlr
\civlrsitít Alipzib jlso`íetibt. :;7? wurml sil dit mlr Grjlit –Uhd
bgaaiso`lc Dgrntpagtz zud clhaijlrgalc @gcmlaszlctrud. Mgs `ldg
Rirtso`get id Misnurs mlr Hppimgehrso`ucb prhdhvilrt. _il `gt \r-
ucm Erñ`blso`io`tl, Nagssiso`l Gro`íhahbil ucm Gatl Blso`io`tl ic
Alipzib ucm Erlijurb i. Jr. stumilrt. I`rl Ehrso`ucbsso`wlrpucntl
ailblc ic mlr Risslcso`getsblso`io`tl, mlr
Rirtso`getsgro`íhahbil ucm mlr Lislczlitehrso`ucb. Vualtzt
`gt sil zusgddlc dit _gjicl Rhaergd mlc Liceñ`rucbsjgcm
–_o`añsslajlbrieel mlr [rí`isthriso`lc
Gro`íhahbil `lrgusblbljlc (:;7=).
Mhrllc Dõamlrs _tggtaio`ls Duslud eñr Gro`íhahbil O`ldcitz
_tlegc-@lyd-[agtz 7 ;9777 O`ldcitz
mhrllc.dhlamlrsKaeg.sgo`slc.ml
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
24/391
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
25/391
@gcs [ltlr @g`c
Gat`hub` t`l imlg he ohaaloticb t`icbs dgy jl ohcsimlrlm g
ohcstgct ic `udgc jl`gvihr, t`l imlg he g ohaalotihc gs g thphs he
pujaio gcm rlprlslctgtihcga prhplrtils is duo` yhucblr. Ldlrbicb
erhd t`l –Rucmlrngddlrc he lgray dhmlrc tidls, t`l duslud gs wl
nchw
it thmgy wgs dlgct th jl gc ictlregol he nchwalmbl trgcselr,
phaitioga slae-rlprlslctgtihc gcm dlmig lvlcts gcm it wgs
lstgjais`lm cht uctia t`l 79t` olctury.
Ic spitl he its lxpaioit stgtldlcts t`l duslud clvlr suoollmlm ic
ogtlbhriogaay misticbuis`icb itslae erhd t`l mlpgrtdlct sthrl.
`icbs ic g ohaalotihc gawgys ohdprisl dhrl prhplrtils t`gc grl
mleiclm jy t`l buimicb pricoipals he t`l duslud’s ourgthrs. It is
hcl he t`l dhst idphrtgct hjflotivls he gcy duslud’s ohaalotihc th
ohctrijutl th t`l gmvgcoldlct he nchwalmbl ic t`l soilcols gcm ic
t`l pujaio. @hwlvlr, g oahslr ahhn gt t`l ohcmitihcs he t`l ohdicb
icth jlicb he ohaalotihcs gcm dusluds is gmgptlm th t`is hcay
pgrtigaay. Gs s`hwc ic t`is ohctrijutihc, slvlrga chc-soilctieio
elgturls erlqulctay gpplgr. `l rlstriotihcs he t`l stgcmgrm
misohursl wit` rlbgrm th t`l ohaalotihcs’ soilctieio
purphsl is t`l shurol he dgcy he t`l ourgthr’s prhjalds. It
is quitl disalgmicb t`l rlbgrm g ohaalotihc gs fust g pagol he
nchwalmbl prhmuotihc. `l hjsticgoy he t`icbs gawgys rlquirls clw
gcm icchvgtivl strgtlbils he mlgaicb wit` t`ld. [rholssls he
imlctieiogtihc, gcm t`l prlslcol he stricb ldhtihcs grl hcay shdl
he t`l phssijal o`gaalcbls th g jrhgmlr ucmlrstgcmicb he
ohaalotihcs.
Egoicb t`lsl prhjalds, t`is ohctrijutihc grbuls ic egvhr he gc
lcagrblm ohcolpt he ohaalotihcs t`gt icoaumls gaa t`l (o`gaalcbls)
issuls he ohdpalxity gcm gdjivgalct chtihcs he t`l t`icbs
ohaalotlm. [rhjalds he mleicicb hrmlr, he dgnicb slcsl he `ubl
qugctitils he t`icbs s`huam jl tgnlc slrihus. `ly grl cht dgrbicga
gcchygcols, jut rgt`lr g jgsio
prhplrty he t`icbs, gcm, tgnlc slrihusay, ogc ohctrijutl th g
jlttlr ucmlrstgcmicb he ohaalotihcs.
_o`añsslajlbrieel6 _gddaucbsblso`io`tl> Nhcslrvilrucb>
Dusludsblso`io`tl> shzigal Imlctitít> dhmlrcl
_gddaucbsehrdlc
Nlywhrms6 `isthry he ohaalotihcs> ohcslrvgtihc> `isthry he
dusluds> shoiga imlctity> dhmlrc ehrds he
ohaaloticb
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
26/391
:=
–]l chtihc t`gt bgt`lricb icvhavls t`l goouduagtihc he
phsslssihcs, t`l imlg t`gt imlctity is g nicm he wlgat` (he
hjflots, nchwalmbl, dldhrils, lxplrilcol), is surlay cht ucivlrsga.
^…T Ic t`l Rlst, hwlvlr, ohaaloticb gs ahcb jllc g strgtlby
ehr t`l mlpahydlct he g phsslssivl slae, ouaturl, gcm gut`lctioity
(Oaihrm 7900, :70).
Licalitucb
Gue mlc lrstlc Jaion zlibt sio` mgs _gddlac gas licl
Nhcstgctl dlcso`aio`lc @gcmlacs. Uhc mlc Juso`alutlc mlr Ngag`gri
(Rimahn 7999), mlrlc Ñjlraljlc vhd _gddlac `icrlio`lcmlr Dlcblc gc
Cñsslc gj`ícbt (Gjj. 7), jis zud Icmustrildgbcgtlc, mlr dit @iael
prhelssihclaalr Jlrgtucb licl Nucstsgddaucb guejgut. Iddlr ailbt
lic í`caio`ls @gcmaucbsdustlr zubrucml6 Mgs Vusgddlctrgblc vhc
Micblc, sli ls guebrucm i`rlr Í`caio`nlit hmlr, blrgml id Nhctrgst
mgzu, guebrucm i`rlr \ctlrso`ilmaio`nlit. Milsls Dustlr ist h`cl
Vwliela guo` jli jlstiddtlc Ulrtrltlrc mlr ilrwlat gczutrleelc
(Ugcmlr Rgaa 799;).
Rgatlr Brgssngdp (:;;9) `gt licdga vhd –_gddalrbañon
blsprho`lc, mgs muro` mil r`yt`diso`l Gclicgcmlrrli`ucb vhc Eicmlc,
Lrwlrjlc, Grrgcbilrlc ucm Vliblc lctstl`t. Mil Ldhtihcgaitít mlr
Jlzil`ucb zwiso`lc mlc _gddalrIcclc ucm sliclc hmlr i`rlc Hjflntlc
ist dit`ic cio`t vhc mlr @gcm zu wlislc. Mgs Vusgddlctrgblc vhc
Hjflntlc, mlrlc Ulrjicmucb uctlrlicgcmlr ic irblcmliclr
Rlisl vhrblbljlc so`lict, vlrdittlat mlc Licmruon mls
_icc`getlc ucm albitidilrt sio` so`hc muro` mgs lahs, cídaio` licl
Uhaastícmibnlit id @icjaion gue licl zuvhr slajst mleicilrtl
Gssldjagbl zu lrrlio`lc. Mgs ngcc licl vhaastícmibl _gddaucb
Gjjiamucb 76 Fíblr ucm _gddalr. Vud _gddlac bl`õrt mgs
Gusbrgjlc vhc Rurzlac, `ilr jli mlc @gmzg (]gcsgcig) (Ehth vhc
Gayssg Orilcmlc).
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
27/391
:<
gaalr _tliee-Nuso`latilrl licls jlbrlcztlc Vlitrguds slic, gjlr
blcgush but fl lic Nucstwlrn gaalr jlmlutlcmlc Nñcstalr liclr
jlstiddtlc Lpho`l. _h wlcib shao`l Nritlrilc hjflntivlc
Elstalbucblc lctsprlo`lc dñsslc, sh blricb sicm mil
Gussio`tlc, fldgas licl _gddaucb wirnaio` zu
vlrvhaastícmiblc. Mil Imll liclr _gddaucb bl`t zucío`st cur vhc
licld Jlbriee gus, gash vhc mlr Uhrstlaaucb liclr
Ngtlbhril vhc sgddaucbswñrmiblc Micblc (_hddlr :;7=, 77:). Vud
Bañon mlr_gddalrIc cídaio`, _icc ic mlr _gddaucb zu lrnlcclc bl`õrt
guo` mgs Alim, cídaio` licl _gddaucb cildgas vlrvhaastícmiblc zu
nõcclc. Mil vhaastícmibl _gddaucb ist licl O`idírl. Mil
Gttrgntivitít flmlr jlailjiblc _gddaucb lrnaírt sio` id Brucml
muro` i`rlc gdjivgalctlc _tgtus mls zwgr so`hc _l`r- \degsslcm-,
gjlr guo` Cho`-Cio`t-Uhaastícmib-_lics (Dulcstlrjlrblr 799<). Ic
milslr mhpplatlc Jicmucb blegcblc, `gt licl _gddaucb stlts mgs
[htlctiga, zur _uo`t hmlr bgr zud Alim zu wlrmlc, ucm dgco` licl
_gddalrIc `gt sio` ic mlr Jicmucb gc slicl Hjflntl ruicilrt. Mil
Eibur mls Dlssil, mlr [lrshc, mil zu vila gc Gaatgbsblblcstícmlc
sgddlat, ist aícbst zu licld wlit`ic gclrngcctlc
_ycmrhd blwhrmlc (Rlttstlic :;;<). Rgs jlmlutlc milsl
Brucmagblc eñr _gddaucblc `lutl8 Mgs Gcailblc milsls Jlitrgbs ist
ls, licibl nritiso`l, vilaalio`t irritilrlcml Gsplntl vhc
_gddaucblc heelczualblc. Mgjli wirm ls wlciblr ud Ego`brlczlc bl`lc
(gash cio`t ud \ctlrso`ilml zwiso`lc splzieiso` `isthriso`lc,
gro`íhahbiso`lc hmlr lt`chbrgeiso`lc _gddaucblc). Guo` mlr ehrdgal
_tgtus (wisslcso`getaio`l _gddaucb, Gro`iv) shaa cur gas
cgo`blhrmcltls [`íchdlc licl Zhaal spilalc. Milslr Jlitrgb ist
mgmuro` dhtivilrt, slajstvlrstícmaio`l Gueegssucblc ñjlr mil Zhaal
vhc _gddaucblc zu ictlrergblc ucm _io`lr`litlc ñjlr mil Guthrso`get
ucm Eucntihc vhc _gddaucblc ic Vwliela zu zil`lc. Lic lrstls Icmiz
eñr mil Chtwlcmibnlit,
shao`l so`licjgr sio`lrlc Brlczlc zu ñjlrwicmlc, ist mil ic mlc
altztlc Fg`rlc dl`rego` jlstítibtl Jlhjgo`tucb, mgss ls jis `lutl
cio`t dõbaio` ist, mlc yp mlr _gddaucb Hjflntl ic licld Ngue`gus
vhd ypus mlr Dusludssgddaucb licmlutib gjzubrlczlc.7
Milslr Jlitrgb vlrehabt gash mil _trgtlbil, licibl mlr
nhcvlctihclaa eñr duslgal ucm wisslcso`getaio`l _gddaucblc bñatiblc
Mleicitihclc vhrñjlrbl`lcm zu susplcmilrlc ucm muro` mlc Ulrzio`t
gue milsl so`licjgr slajstvlrstícmaio`lc Ngtlbhrilc licl clul,
lrwlitlrtl _io`t gue _gddaucblc zu lrdõbaio`lc. Milsls strgtlbiso`l
Uhrbl`lc shaa sio`tjgr wlrmlc agsslc, wlao`l Dgo`t _gddaucblc ñjlr
_lajstjiam ucm Lrnlcctcis id wisslcso`getaio`lc Grjlitlc `gjlc. Mil
shdit
gcblsprho`lcl Dgo`t mlr _gddaucblc jlru`t shwh`a gue i`rlr
Blso`io`taio`nlit gas guo` gue mlc nuaturlaa gclrngcctlc
Jlzil`ucblc, mil sil so`geelc. _gddaucblc sicm cio`t ltwg licego`
cur Gjjiamlr liclr Rlat (hmlr vhc Gusso`cittlc vhc i`r), shcmlrc
sil sicm gntivl liacl`dlr id [rhzlss mlr _o`geeucb vhc clulc Rlatlc
ucm Rlatjiamlrc.
Gusbl`lcm vhc liclr, wil lr ls clcct, erlumso`lc [lrsplntivl
`gt Fgoquls Mlrrimg (799<) vhr zwgczib Fg`rlc dit
licmruonsvhaalr [ríbcgcz mil Migalntin vhc _gddaucb ucm Lrnlcctcis
`lrgusblgrjlitlt. _licl nhcstruntivistiso`l _io`t jlso`rlijt licl
migalntiso`l Jlzil`ucb zwiso`lc Risslc, _lajstvlrblwisslrucb
ucm
7 Nalicmhrelr-Dgrx/Aõlr :;;;> Zhho` :;;7> Mucogc :;;:> vhc
Jhsl :;;0.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
28/391
:5
Gro`iv. Rlcc Mlrrimg vhd Gro`iv jlrio`tlt, nõcclc wir
mgructlr zubalio` mil _gddaucb gas lic Gro`iv vhc Micblc gueegsslc.
Mils ist nliclsegaas gas licl Nritin gc mlr _gddaucb gas Brucmagbl
wisslcso`getaio`lr Lrnlcctcis zu vlrstl`lc. Mil nhcstruntivistiso`l
_io`t ist viladl`r licl Guewlrtucb, icmld cídaio` flmls Gro`iv ucm
flml _gddaucb cio`t dl`r cur Blblcstgcm mlr Jlhjgo`tucb ist,
shcmlrc
zud Jltliaibtlc gc mlr Lrzlubucb vhc Misnurslc wirm. Gro`ivl ucm
_gddaucblclreg`rlc muro` milsl clul _io`twlisl licl Guewlrtucb,
icmld sil gas gntivl [grtclr ic misnursivlc Elamlrc vlrstgcmlc
wlrmlc.
Mlrrimgs nagssiso`l _tumil ist liclr mlr trlijlcmlc Egnthrlc eñr
mil gntulaal @icwlcmucb zu _gddaucblc ucm Gro`ivlc (Ljlaicb lt
ga. :;;9). Mgs ic mlc altztlc Fg`rlc blstilblcl Ictlrlssl gc
dgtlrilaalr Nuatur, wil guo` mil Eõrmlrucb vhc Ehrso`ucblc zu
\civlrsitítssgddaucblc, ist cio`t gcmlrs zu vlrstl`lc gas licl
agcberistibl Ehabl milsls clulc ucm irritilrlcmlc Gro`ivnhczlpts.
Ergblc, mil muro` milsls clul Nhczlpt ñjlr`gupt lrst dõbaio`
wurmlc, jltrleelc balio`lrdgØlc splzieiso` gro`íhahbiso`l [rhjaldl
wil mlr Zlo`tl ñjlr gro`íhahbiso`l Eucml
(_thlonlr lt ga. :;7?), wil guo` ñjlrblhrmcltl
gro`ivwisslcso`getaio`l Ergblc,zud Jlispila mil cgo` mld Ulr`íatcis
vhc gro`ivilrtld Hjflnt hmlr Mhnudlct ucm licld mibitgaisilrtlc
Ic`gat (_o`lcn :;;0). Id Gcso`auss gc Mlrrimg ucm mil gcmlrlc
blcgcctlc Guthrlc ist ls gash mgs zwlitl Gcailblc milsls Jlitrgbs,
mil Dgo`t mlr _gddaucblc ñjlr mlc Lrnlcctcisprhzlss
heelczualblc.
Mil ehablcmlc lial milsls lxtls jlstl`lc gus vilr guelicgcmlr
guejgulcmlc Gjso`cittlc, mil jlbrñcmlc, wgrud lic cluls
Ulrstícmcis vhc _gddaucblc, flcslits mlr Nhcchtgtihc vhc
Risslcssplio`lr hmlr Gjjiam mlr Rlat lrehrmlraio` ist. Mlr ilr
ucdittlajgr gcso`ailØlcml Gjso`citt ist mlr vlrjañeelcmlc
[grgaalaitít vhc _gddaucb ucm Rgrlc`gus blwimdlt. Id Rlitlrlc wirm
ls ud _gddaucb
ucm Imlctitít, _gddaucb ucm Ldhtihc ucm so`ailØaio` ud mlc
Liblcsicc vhc _gddaucblc bl`lc.
_gddaucb ucm Rgrlc`gus
Vu mlc bldlicsgdlc Brucmagblc vhc Gro`íhahbil ucm Lt`chahbil bl`õrt
mil `isthriso`l gtsgo`l, mgss sil i`rl gngmldiso`l Gclrnlccucb ñjlr
mlc \dwlb gas Gro`ivwisslcso`getlc egcmlc6 Ic jlimlc Eíaalc sicm ls
_gddaucblc vhc Micblc, mil gas wio`tibstls \ctlrsuo`ucbselam eñr
mil erñ`lc, cho` cio`t muro` lic ltgjailrtls gngmldiso`ls Ego`
gjblsio`lrtlc Blal`rtlc milctlc. Mgs
Jlraiclr Duslud eñr Uõanlrnucml wurml vhr 7?; Fg`rlc gas Gro`iv
blbrñcmlt.Mil _gddaucblc bgatlc gas lpistldiso`ls _ystld, gue
mlsslc Brucmagbl dgc lcmaio` licl systldgtiso`l Lt`chahbil
jltrlijlc nhcctl (Eiso`lr lt ga. :;;2). Mil rlbla`getl ucm
wilmlrnl`rlcml Muro`ehrstucb vhc _gddaucblc lrwils sio` gas
ldpiriso`l Jgsis eñr ñjlrbrlielcml `lslc ñjlr nuaturlaal
Vusgddlc`ícbl ucm Nuaturlctwionaucblc. Gclibcucb ucm altztaio` guo`
–Nhcsud lxhtiso`lr Micbl bicblc slit mlr erñ`lc Cluzlit @gcm ic
@gcm (rlctdgcc :;;9). Dusllc ucm i`rl Uhraíuelr sicm nlic
Blblcgsplnt mlr sio` guswlitlcmlc Rgrlcwlat, shcmlrc mldcgo` cio`ts
gcmlrls gas lia mlr Nhcsudblso`io`tl (Gjj. :).
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
29/391
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
30/391
:0
liclc wio`tiblc \ctlrso`ilm id @icjaion gue mil Mgulr mls
Ulrjalijs6 Rí`rlcm mgs Rgrlc`gus so`hc strunturlaa mgrgc
ictlrlssilrt slic duss, slic vlrníuio`ls Icvlctgr dõbaio`st rgso`
udzusltzlc, strljt mgs Duslud cgo` mld Imlga mlr mgulr`getlc
Ulrwg`rucb. Mgss milsl mgulr`getl Ulrwg`rucb flmho` ngud mlc
bícbiblc [rgntinlc lctsprio`t, `gt fñcbst Jlgtrix @hdgcc (@hdgcc
:;7:) gd
Jlispila lt`chbrgso`lr Dusllc blzlibt.Vu mld licso`climlcmlc Dhdlct
id Rlb licls flmlc Hjflnts, mld Ñjlrbgcb ic mgs Duslud hmlr ic mgs
Rgrlc`gus, bijt ls cho` dl`r zu lraíutlrc6 _hjgam cídaio` mil
Hjflntl mil _o`wlaal ñjlrso`rittlc `gjlc, wlrmlc i`clc cuc,
gas
Rgrlc hmlr _gddaucbsstñonl, mil zuvhr bñatiblc Nhctlxtl
wilmlr zublhrmclt. Mils blso`il`t flmho` `ho` slalntiv6 bgcz
jlstiddtl Nhctlxtl lrwlislc sio` gas licmlutib ucm wio`tib, gcmlrl
wlrmlc uctlrmrñont. Rlao`l Dlrndgal stgtusjiamlcm sicm, `ícbt vhc
mlr Grt mls Dusluds gj. Lic Hjflnt, mgs licdga zu licld
_gddaucbsstñon blwhrmlc ist, tríbt lic Ltinltt, mgs ls gas shao`ls
guswlist. Dit milsld clulc _tgtus ist licl Zli`l vhc
Licso`rícnucblc mlr Cutzucb vlrjucmlc,
mil milslc Blblcstgcm gusmrñonaio` gus gaalc mlcnjgrlc
@gcmaucbsnhctlxtlcgusso`ailØt (Mhlricb/@irso`gulr 7992). Bgcz
í`caio` ist mlr Vustgcm mlr Rgrl id Ngue`gus guo` i`r wirm
lic
Ltinltt zublhrmclt6 Mgs zubícbaio`l Risslc shaa sio` cio`t gus mld
Hjflnt slajst lrso`ailØlc, shcmlrc gus mld Alslc licls lxtls.
Jlstiddtl Liblcso`getlc wlrmlc mgjli `lrgusbl`hjlc, wil z.J. mil
@lrnucet ucm hetdgas guo` mgs Mgtud mls Ñjlrbgcbs ñjlr mil
_o`wlaal. Gcmlrl Liblcso`getlc wlrmlc systldgtiso` uctlrmrñont6
z.J. mlr Blruo` ucm mil Ehrd mlr Agblrucb. Mlr \dbgcb dit milslc
Micblc wirm shwh`a id Rgrlc`gus gas guo` id Duslud íuØlrst
rlstrintiv bl`gcmlat.
Gjjiamucb ?6 Uitricl dit Ncho`lc (Ehth vhc Agrissg
Eõrstlr).
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
31/391
:9
Liblctaio` bijt ls nliclc ucdittlajgrlc, p`ysiso`lc \dbgcb dit
milsld Rgrlc (mgs Gcprhjilrlc licdga gusblchddlc). Egst iddlr
wlrmlc mil \dbgcbswlislc, mil guØlr`gaj milslr Hrtl blatlc wñrmlc,
ngtlbhriso` gusblso`ahsslc.
Id Duslud wil id Ngue`gus spilalc Uitricl, _o`rgcn ucm Zlbga
zlctrgal Zhaalc> mlr visulaal Licmruon, Ehrdlc ucm Egrjlc sicm
wio`tiblr gas mgs Jlrñ`rlc
(Erllm 7997> Gdls 799:). Mlr `gptiso`l _icc, wil guo` mlr Blruo`
ucm gcmlrl,hetdgas lrst cgo` licibld Bljrguo` zu lrnlcclcml
Hjflntliblcso`getlc trltlc `icblblc ic mlc @ictlrbrucm (Gjj. ?).
Mlr Bagcz mlr Hjlreaío`l, milsl tile ic mlr Nhcsudwlat vlrgcnlrtl
Imll vhc Gttrgntivitít stl`t bgcz id Uhrmlrbrucm.
_gddaucblc ic Dusllc wlrmlc cgo` i`rlr BrõØl ucm Mivlrsitít
jlurtliat> sil `gjlc mil lcmlcz, jlstícmib zu wgo`slc. Í`caio`ls
biat gas alitlcmls [riczip ic mlr Ahbin mls Nhcsuds6 mil uclcmaio`l
Guswlitucb mlr Nhcsudsp`írl ucm mil iddlr brõØlrl Milrlczilrucb mlr
Rgrlcwlat sicm iddgclct eñr mil Gczil`ucbsnrget mlr Bñtlr. Mgs
liczibgrtibl Hjflnt ljt mil Jlmlutucb licls Dusluds icsblsgdt, sh
wil mil lxnausivstlc Rgrlc eñr mlc Zgcb licls Ngue`gusls gas Bgczls
stl`lc. _o`ailØaio`
bl`õrt ls zu mlc Zlblac mls Dusluds wil mls Ngue`gusls, gaalc
Ictlrlsslctlc h`cl Gcsl`lc mlr [lrshc (Ego`alutl wil
Mialttgctlc) Vutritt zu blwí`rlc. @ilr wil mhrt wirm nhcsudilrt, id
liclc Egaa sicm ls mil nhcnrltlc Micbl,
id gcmlrlc Egaa, id Duslud, bl`t ls cur ud mgs Lraljcis mlr
Blblcwgrt mlr Hjflntl. Mil gntulaal Guedlrnsgdnlit eñr mlc
Dusludss`hp ist lic Icmiz, mgss mil Imll mls Nhcsuds nliclswlbs
ngtlbhriga gus mld Duslud gusblso`ahsslc wirm (Brgssngdp 7992>
Niro`jlrb :;;;> Dgomhcgam :;77). Mil `isthriso`l [lrsplntivl ucm
mlr Ulrbalio` mlr milslc Icstitutihclc zubrucml ailblcmlc Nhczlptl
sprlo`lc mgeñr, Nhcsudbñtlr ucm Dusludssgddaucblc cio`t gas
licgcmlr lctblblcblsltztl [`íchdlcl zu jltrgo`tlc, shcmlrc viladl`r
gas _pilagrtlc
jlshcmlrlr \dbgcbswlislc, mil dõbaio`lrwlisl gas nuaturlaal
Icstitutihclc mlr sio` slajst gas Nhcsudblslaaso`getlc
jlzlio`clcmlc Cgtihclc zu sl`lc.
Milsl Licsio`tlc vlrjicmlc sio` zu licld lrstlc ñjlrblhrmcltlc
Grbudlct6 Duslud ucm Rgrlc`gus alistlc licl rgcsehrdgtihc mlr ic
i`clc vlrwg`rtlc Hjflntl. Mgs Vila milslr rgcsehrdgtihc ist ls, mil
\cdittlajgrnlit zu mlc Blblcstícmlc guezu`ljlc ucm gcstlaal mlsslc
licl nuaturlaal Mleicitihc ic i`r Zlo`t zu sltzlc (Mgcth 790=
^7907T). Milsl Mleicitihc stl`t eñr blslaaso`getaio` wlit`ic
gclrngcctl Chrdlc jlzñbaio` –blsgddlatlr Micbl. Gc mil _tlaal liclr
mirlntlc Jlzil`ucb zwiso`lc Dlcso` ucm Micb tritt jli Rgrl ucm
_gddaucbshjflnt lic blrlblatlr, chrdilrtlr ucm vhc guØlc
sgcntihcilrtlr \dbgcb, mlr gue liclr `ho`
splzieiso`lc Vuwlisucb vhc Jlmlutucb jlru`t. Mlr vhrgcblbgcblcl
Gjso`citt príslctilrtl liclc Ulrbalio` vhc Rgrlcsgddaucb
ucm Dusludssgddaucb. Eñr mlc Vwlon mls Grbudlcts, cídaio` mil
ñjlrrgso`lcmlc [grgaalalc guezuzliblc, wurmlc Í`caio`nlitlc
`lrvhrbl`hjlc. Ls shaatl flmho` nagr slic, mgss mgdit cio`t mil
[hsitihc liclr vhaanhddlclc hmlr guo` cur wlitbl`lcmlc
Ñjlrlicstidducb vlrtrltlc wirm. Id Blblctlia6 ic mlr Blsgdtso`gu
biat mil Elststlaaucb brucmalblcmlr \ctlrso`ilml zwiso`lc Duslud
ucm Rgrlc`gus. Mils ist vlrso`ilmlctaio` grbudlctgtiv jlbrñcmlt
whrmlc, z.J. muro` O`risthp` [hdigc, eñr mlc blrgml mil
Mistgczilrucb, mgs –@lrguszil`lc gus mlr Rgrlcwlat, mgs misticntivl
Dlrndga mlr Dusllc mgrstlaat ([hdigc 7900 ^7902T). Bgcz í`caio`
grbudlctilrt
Ibhr Nhpyth ic mld dittalrwlial nagssiso`lc lxt ñjlr mil vhc i`d sh
jlzlio`cltl
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
32/391
?;
nuaturlaal Jihbrgp`il vhc Micblc. Nhddhmizilrucb ucm
_ibuagrisilrucb, m.`., mlr Gusso`auss gus mlr Rgrlcwlat, sicm
mldcgo` licgcmlr lctblblcblsltztl lcmlczlc mls shziga
gusbl`gcmlatlc \dbgcbs dit Micblc (Nhpyth 7905).
_gddaucb ucm Imlctitít
Vlib dir, wgs Mu sgddlast ucm io` sgbl Mir wlr Mu jist. Milsl
licego`l Jlzil`ucb jricbt vilals vhc mlr Jlmlutucb mls _gddlacs eñr
mil Grtinuagtihc mls Io` zud Gusmruon. Flml _gddaucb mrñont licl
Dgo`tjlzil`ucb gus, icmld mlr _gddalr Nhctrhaal ñjlr mil
blsgddlatlc Micbl lrwirjt ucm milsl Micbl zubalio`
icstrudlctgaisilrt, ud slicl Imlctitít mgdit zu grtinuailrlc.
Ic mlr licego`stlc mlcnjgrlc Nhceiburgtihc `gt mils Mgcila Diaalr
ic mld phpuaírlc Juo` –Mlr rhst mlr Micbl mlutaio` bldgo`t (Diaalr
:;7; ^:;;9T). Mhrt bl`t ls ud Dícclr ucm Ergulc, mlrlc guseñ`raio`
blso`iamlrtlr _go`jlsitz zubalio` guo` gas licl _gddaucb gueblegsst
wlrmlc ngcc. Diaalr zlibt, wlao`l
lchrdl Rirnucb mlr _lajststgjiaisilrucb shao`l _gddaucblc `gjlc
nõcclc.Mgjli ist mgs Nritlriud mlr _gddaucb ñjlr`gupt cio`t ic
irblcmliclr Rlisl liczubrlczlc6 Ls nõcclc licego` Micbl liclr
jlstiddtlc Egrjl slic. Ls ngcc gjlr guo` mil nagssiso`l
Jriledgrnlcsgddaucb jltrleelc hmlr mil _gddaucb vhc rhsg
[añso`tilrlc. Ls bl`t ilr iddlr guo` ud lic Dittla mlr Misticntihc
id _iccl vhc [ilrrl Jhurmilu (790: ^7929T, 7;7).
Rio`tiblr eñr mil ehablcml Jltrgo`tucb ist gjlr mil Imll mlr
Zlpríslctgtihc liclr nhaalntivlc Imlctitít muro` licl
Dusludssgddaucb. Mgs ngcc mil cgtihcgal Imll hmlr mil ahngal
Bldlicso`get hmlr guo` mgs _lajstvlrstícmcis licls gngmldiso`lc
Ego`ls jltrleelc. Ic mlr Gro`íhahbil bijt ls zg`arlio`l Jlispilal,
`ilr sli cur mgs
Z`liciso`l Agcmlsduslud blcgcct6 Milsl Icstitutihc lct`íat ic i`rld
Cgdlclicl Agcmso`getsjlzlio`cucb, mil gas Ulrwlis gue licl
rlbihcgal Imlctitít blmlutlt wlrmlc duss. Vumld sltzt sil
wisslcso`getaio`l _tgcmgrms, wgs mlc blcgulc ucm dlt`hmhahbiso`
jlbrñcmltlc \dbgcb dit _gddaucblc jltrieet.
Gro`íhahbiso`l _gddaucblc sicm guo` vilaego` Clujlstidducblc
gusblsltzt6 Muro` licl blcgul \ctlrsuo`ucb mlr Hjflntl wirm mil
Vuhrmcucb zu liclr rlbihcga hmlr o`rhchahbiso` mleicilrtlc Bruppl
pagusijla ucm mldlctsprlo`lcm mil Aistl mlr Hjflntliblcso`getlc
lrbíczt. Guo` wlcc mil Micbl so`licjgr iclrt sicm, sio` gash cio`t
vlrícmlrc, wirm mho` muro` Ehrso`ucb aguelcm mil Dõbaio`nlit
lrõeeclt, clul Bruppilrucblc zu imlctieizilrlc ucm clul
Liblcso`getlc zuzuwlislc.
Dituctlr blcñbt eñr mil Cluhrmcucb liclr _gddaucb so`hc mlr Ulrdlrn
guemlr Ngrtlingrtl (hmlr ic mlr Mgtlcjgcn), mgss lic jlstiddtls
Hjflnt ic liclr jlstiddtlc Gusstlaaucb blzlibt wurml.
Uhc jlshcmlrlr Jlmlutucb gus lt`chahbiso`lr _io`t ist mil
nhaalntivl Erldmzuwlisucb mgs Duslud wirm zud Hrt mlr
Zlpríslctgtihc mls Gcmlrlc ic sliclr Gcmlrsgrtibnlit. Mgs _gddlac
ist cio`t licego` cur mgs _io`tjgrdgo`lc licls gcmlrlc, shcmlrc
mleicilrt mlc Guthr mlr _gddaucb clu. Cgo` Fgdls Oaieehrm (799;
7900T) sicm blrgml õeelctaio`l ucm wisslcso`getaio`l _gddaucblc
idpaizitl Icstrudlctl mlr _lajstjlstidducb. Mil vhrbljaio`l rlccucb
zwiso`lc mld Dusludsnusths `ilr ucm mlr _gddaucb mhrt, hmlr mld
Risslcso`getalr `ilr
ucm mlr Ehrso`ucbssgddaucb mhrt ist cildgas vhaastícmib. Mil
_gddaucb wirnt
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
33/391
?7
gue mlc Guthr zurñon, icmld mil vlrsgddlatlc Micbl i`c ucm slicl
nuaturlaal Imlctitít vlrícmlrc (Jga :;;: ^799=T, 7?;). Ls bijt, dit
licld _gtz, nlicl _gddaucb h`cl _ujflntivitít.
Lic `isthriso`lr Gusbgcbspucnt eñr milsls [`íchdlc ucm lic
gcso`guaio`ls Jlispila mgeñr sicm mil lt`chbrgeiso`lc _gddaucblc.
Bgcz heelcsio`taio` `gt
mil zlitaio`l Nhiczimlcz mls Nhahcigaisdus dit mld Guestilb mlr
Dusludsimllzur `lutiblc Blstgat vhc lt`chbrgeiso`lc _gddaucblc
wlslctaio` jlibltrgblc. Hjwh`a wio`tibl Brñcmucbseiburlc iddlr
wilmlr mgrgue go`tltlc, ic Mlutso`agcm nlicl Nhahcigadusllc
lctstl`lc zu agsslc (wil ls z.J. ic Ergcnrlio` mlr Egaa wgr), ist
mil Ulrjicmucb zwiso`lc mlr Jleñrwhrtucb vhc Nhahcilc, mlr
nhahcigalc Jlsitzlrbrlieucb ucm mld rgso`lc Gcwgo`slc mlr
_gddaucblc ic lt`chahbiso`lc Dusllc cio`t zu alubclc
(Bhsmlc/Nchwals :;;7). Guo` wlcc lt`chahbiso`l Dusllc ic flclr Vlit
muro`gus cio`t nhahcigal Imlhahbilc prhpgbilrt `gjlc, ist i`r
Jlitrgb zur Nhcstruntihc vhc Gatlritít ic flclr Vlit mho` cio`t vhc
mlr @gcm zu wlislc (@g`c :;7?, =?). Dusludssgddaucblc `gjlc mil
cio`t-lurhpíiso`lc
Nuaturlc ic i`rld Gcmlrsslic elstblso`riljlc mil _gddaucblc wurmlc
blalslcgas Mhnudlctl liclr Gcmlrsgrtibnlit, gus mlr ls nlic
Lctricclc bgj (Allj :;7?). Ergcâhisl Aihcclt (:;;7, <7) `gt mils
dit liclr jlmrñonlcmlc _zlcl gus
liclr Chvlaal vhc Dio`la Ehurcilr gcso`guaio` bldgo`t6 milsl
aitlrgriso` vlrmio`tltl _zlcl so`iamlrt mil Licmrñonl licls
jlrjlriso`lc @irtlcfucblc, mlr ic mil lt`chbrgeiso`l _gddaucb licls
Ehrso`ucbsicstituts ic [gris blrít ucm mhrt jlhjgo`tlt, wil
huristlc muro` mil _gddaucb, ucm muro` mil Gjtliaucb ñjlr mil
Nuatur mlr Jlrjlr bleñ`rt wlrmlc. Mil balio`l `õazlrcl _o`gal, mil
blrgml cho` lia mls dñttlraio`lc @gus`gats wgr, mil slicl vlrtrgutl
ucm gaatíbaio`l _plislso`gal wgr> sil wirm cuc zud _ydjhahjflnt
lr`õ`t ucm mlc huristlc gas mgs typiso`l Hjflnt
mlr jlrjlriso`lc Nuatur príslctilrt. Mil Lctlibcucb nõcctl cio`t
mrgstiso`lr slic. Mil liblcl Nuatur wirm duslgaisilrt ucm ist ic
mlr _gddaucb vlrstliclrt> sil wirm zur Vwgcbsfgonl, wlao`l nlicl
Ulrícmlrucb dl`r zuaísst.
Ulrso`ilmlcl Ulrjicmucblc vhc _gddaucblc ucm Imlctitít nõcclc muro`
lic Migbrgdd gus vilr Elamlrc gcso`guaio` mgrblstlaat wlrmlc (gj.
7). Mil vilr Elamlr jlzlio`clc mil icmivimulaal _lajst- ucm
Erldmjlstidducb shwil mil nhaalntivl _lajst- ucm Erldmjlstidducb.
Flmho` nõcclc guo` zulicgcmlr nhdpaldlctírl Nhcstlaagtihclc
vhrailblc, vilaego` h`cl licl mirlntl Jlzubcg`dl. Licl
gro`íhahbiso`l _gddaucb ngcc shwh`a Blblcstgcm mlr _lajstzuwlisucb
gas guo` Hjflnt liclr Erldmzuwlisucb slic.
Rírl licl _gddaucb guo` vhrstlaajgr, h`cl licl shao`l
rlpríslctgtihcgal Ulrwlisucbseucntihc8 gtsío`aio` wlrmlc ic mlr
clulrlc Aitlrgtur l`lr mil Dhdlctl mlr \dmlutucb vhc _gddaucblc
misnutilrt. Mil nagrl ucm jlstícmibl Vuhrmcucb,
icmivimulaal _lajstzuwlisucb (Nuso`latilr- hmlr
Jriledgrnlcsgddaucb)
icmivimulaal Erldmzuwlisucb nhaalntivl Erldmzuwlisucb
(Nhahcigaduslud)
]gjlaal 76 Gclibcucb ucm Gjbrlczucb gas Eiburlc mlr Imlctingtihc
dit _gddaucblc. Muro` mil Hjflntivilrucb (Ngtlbhrisilrucb liclr
_gddaucb) wirm gc mil _tlaal liclr ictricsiso`lc
Jlmlutucb mil Eucntihc mlr Zlpríslctgtihc blslt. _gddaucblc
so`liclc eñr ltwgs zu stl`lc. Mil _uddl mlr Micbl lrbijt licl clul
Jlmlutucb, mil lic Liczlastñon cio`t `gt.
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
34/391
?:
wil sil zucío`st z.J. id duslhahbiso`lc Nhctlxt id Uhrmlrbrucm zu
stl`lc so`lict, wirm mgmuro` ic Vwliela blzhblc (Cippg 7999). Ls
ist ic mlr Zlbla mil splziso`l Alistucb licls Gusstlaaucbsnurgthrs,
ic liclr _gddaucb clul Liblcso`getlc zu cmlc, mil jlispilaswlisl
gus mlr zuvhr slajstvlrstícmaio`lc Erldmzuwlisucb cuc muro` clul
Lrnlcctcis ucm clul Ictlrprltgtihc licl _lajstzuwlisucb zu
dgo`lc.
Mil [rgxis mls \dbgcbs dit _gddaucblc ucm i`rlr \dmlutucb dgo`t
Ñjlrbícblzwiso`lc _lajst- ucm Erldmrlpríslctgtihclc dõbaio`. Mgdit
ist lic wio`tibls Grbudlct blblc mil Uhrstlaaucb vhd pgssivlc
_gddaucbshjflnt ehrduailrt> Nhctlxtugaisilrucb ucm
Zl-Nhctlxtugaisilrucb nõcclc iddlr wilmlr mgzu eñ`rlc, mgss mlr
_tgtus liclr _gddaucb brucmalblcm clu jlstiddt wlrmlc duss.
Gaalrmicbs bijt ls ic milsld Zg`dlc nlic Vurñon blblc mgs so`hc
ehrduailrtl [riczip mlr rlpríslctgtihcgalc Eucntihc. _gddaucblc
stl`lc eñr ltwgs. Jlmlutucbsahsl _gddaucblc egaalc mld Ulrblsslc
gc`lid, sil wlrmlc erñ`lr hmlr spítlr vlrcio`tlt (wil mil
Nucstwlrnl gus Eltt vhc Fhslp` Jluys).
Rí`rlcm mil Micbl liclrslits Ergbdlctl sicm, Zuiclc, mlclc id
jlstlc Egaa cur
cho` Ñjlrrlstl licls Nhctlxtls zunhddlc, mlr, wil id altztlc
Gjso`citt blzlibt,dit mld Lictritt ic mil Icstitutihc so`hc licdga
wlitbl`lcm gjblstrliet wirm, sh `gjlc sil gcmlrlrslits muro` mil
Bruppilrucb gas Lcsldjal vhc Hjflntlc mho` wilmlr licl ñjlrdío`tibl
Jlmlutucb. _il lragcblc mlc _tgtus mlr Zlpríslctgtihc liclr
nhaalntivlc Imlctitít, ucgj`ícbib vhc mlr Ergbl, hj ls cuc mil
liblcl Imlctitít ist (Imll mls Cgtihcgadusluds) hmlr mil liclr
gcmlrlc Nuatur. Dit Bhtterilm Nhree (799<) wírl zu vlrdutlc,
mgss mil Micbl ic mlr _gddaucb, blrgml wlia sil id `ilr
jlso`riljlclc _iccl Ergbdlctl sicm, mlc Erlirgud eñr mil Gclibcucb
ucm Vuwlisucb ñjlrdío`tiblr Jlmlutucblc jiltlc.
Milslr _tgtus mls Ulreñbjgrlc, ucm mgdit mil Dõbaio`nlit liclr
Gclibcucb,
lctstl`t cio`t (cur) muro` mil Hjflntl gas shao`l, shcmlrc
wlcibstlcs ic balio`ld DgØl muro` mgs Risslc mlr Ego`alutl ucm
muro` mil lxtl, dit mlclc mil Micbl vlrjucmlc sicm. Mil Micbl sicm
zubalio` lctallrt ucm gueblagmlc, sil sicm heelc eñr mlc Nhcsud id
_iccl mlr Gclibcucb ucm rgcsehrdgtihc ic [rhflntihcseaío`lc
nhaalntivlr Imlctitítlc. _yjiaal Cilniso` (:;;:) gsshziilrt mil
lrzlubtlc Erliríudl mlr Gclibcucb vhc _gddaucblc ucm mil mgrgue
ehablcml Icgcspruo`cg`dl dit liclr clulc Ehrd mls Nhcsuds. Ls ist
mlr Nhcsud vhc Imlctitítsjiamclrc, mlr Nhcsud vhc Nuatur, mlr muro`
mil Ehrd mlr _gddaucb dõbaio` blwhrmlc ist.
_gddaucb ucm Ldhtihc
Mil Jlhjgo`tucb mlr Gueagmucb liclr _gddaucb gas Imlctitítsjiamclr
ist lic Gusbgcbspucnt eñr wlitlrbl`lcml Ñjlralbucblc zu mlc
Ldhtihclc, mil _gddaucblc gusaõslc ucm gas mlrlc
Nristgaaisgtihcspucnt sil blatlc nõcclc. Ic mlr mlcnjgr licego`stlc
Nhcstlaagtihc ist cho` licdga gue mil Lt`chbrgeil mls _go`jlsitzls
vhc Mgcila Diaalr zu vlrwlislc6 Mlr Jlsitzlr liclr _gddaucb ist
sthaz gue mil Micbl, mil i`d bl`õrlc. Mil _gddaucb mlr Micbl
vlrwlist gue slicl Imlctitít, mil Jlzil`ucb zwiso`lc mld Jlsitzlr
ucm sliclr _gddaucb vhc Micblc ist vhc phsitivlc Ldhtihclc blpríbt.
Milsl Jicmucb wilmlrud sltzt mil Lclrbil erli, mil Micbl zu
pealblc, dit i`clc shrbsgd udzubl`lc. Cio`t vila gcmlrs
vlr`íat
8/20/2019 9789088903465 - Hofmann et al (eds) 2016 -
Massendinghaltung in der archaologie - ebook.pdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/9789088903465-hofmann-et-al-eds-2016-massendinghaltung-in-der-archaologie
35/391
??
ls sio` gue mlc lrstlc Gublcso`lic dit mlc Hjflntlc liclr
wisslcso`getaio`lc _gddaucb6 _il wlrmlc blso`ítzt gas Vlubcissl
liclr Nuatur ucm mls`gaj guo` lctsprlo`lcm jl`gcmlat.
Gc milslr _tlaal sicm gjlr licl Zli`l vhc wlitlrbl`lcmlc
Jlzñblc zu clcclc, mil zur Ehabl `gjlc nõcclc, guo` bgcz gcmlrl
Ldhtihclc erlizusltzlc. Cljlc
Ailjl ucm Rlrtso`ítzucb nõcclc guo` Ldpeicmucblc vhc Lcterldmucb
ucmJlmrh`ucb trltlc (Milmlrio`slc :;7:). Mgs Guenhddlc shao`lr
lctblblcblsltztlr Ldhtihclc ngcc sl`r nhdpalxl Brucmagblc `gjlc.
Vud Jlispila eñ`rt mil Lctmlonucb vhc Eíaso`ucblc rlbladíØib zu
liclr sibcieingctlc \dnl`r mlr Jlwlrtucb. Ic shao`lc _itugtihc
nhddt dgc dituctlr zu mlr Lctso`limucb, mil heelcsio`taio`
bleíaso`tlc _tñonl cio`t gus mlr _gddaucb guszushcmlrc, shcmlrc sil
gas Al`rstñonl eñr lo`t ucm egaso` zu jlwg`rlc (Bgimg :;7;).
Cljlc milslc licego`lc Eíaalc mlr \dnl`rucb vhc Ldhtihclc bijt ls
guo` sl`r vila nhdpalxlrl [rhzlssl mlr Lctwlrtucb. Mgs jltrieet
dituctlr guo` lt`chbrgeiso`l _gddaucblc. @ilr ist cio`t vhc clulc
Lrnlcctcisslc ñjlr mil
Micbl slajst zu jlrio`tlc. Rgs võanlrnucmaio`l Dusllc `lutl sh
uclrtríbaio`dgo`t, ucm lt`chahbiso`l Nusthmlc vilaego` mgzu jricbt,
i`rl _gddaucblc prgntiso` vhaastícmib zu vlrstlonlc, ícblc viladl`r
dit liclr phaitiso` lrzlubtlc, gcmlrlc Rg`rcl`ducb mlr
guØlrlurhpíiso`lc Nuaturlc zusgddlc. Mgs Jiam, mgs dit`iael mlr
Hjflntl zu zliblc wírl, so`lict nlicl Zlshcgcz ic mlr õeelctaio`lc
Dlicucb dl`r zu gjlc ucm wirm mls`gaj uctlrmrñont (Chrris 7997).
Lctwlrtucb, mlr Ulraust vhc ldhtihcgalr Rlrtso`ítzucb, wirm muro`
ñjlrblhrmcltl Nhctlxtl ic mil Hjflntl `iclicblalbt.
Lic í`caio`lr [rhzlss mlr Lctwlrtucb ist gue splzieiso`l
Dusludsnhczlptl zurñonzueñ`rlc. Mil Blricbso`ítzucb vilalr Dusllc
eñr Mupaingtl eñ`rtl erñ`lr
shbgr zur [rgxis, shblcgcctl Mujalttlc dit gcmlrlc Dusllc zu
tguso`lc ( Fh`gcslc 799:). Mg`ictlr stgcm mil Uhrstlaaucb mlr
Dicmlrwlrtibnlit liclr _gddaucb dit Mujalttlc, wlia gcbljaio` flmls
zusítzaio`l Hjflnt mlr balio`lc Ngtlbhril cio`t dl`r zu wlitlrld
Lrnlcctciszuwgo`s eñ`rt, shcmlrc cur liclc uccõtiblc [agtzvlrjrguo`
jlmlutlt. Guo` wlcc sio` ic mlr Lt`chahbil mil clulrl Duslhahbil,
mil blrgml ic _lrilc vhc balio`grtiblc Micblc mil O`gcol gue
jlstiddtl Lrnlcctcissl sil`t, cho` cio`t wlit`ic muro`blsltzt gt,
sh wurmlc milsld Vubriee gue Mujalttlc ic altztlr Vlit mho` licibl
lxplridlctlaal Gusstlaaucblc blwimdlt (z.J. Gajlr :;7?> _o`lppl
:;7=). Ic milsld Rgcmla duslhahbiso`lr [riczipilc zlibt sio`, wil
clul, blstliblrtl Rlrtso`ítzucb muro` licl gcmlrl [lrsplntivl
dõbaio` wirm. Gc mlc Micblc ícmlrt sio` mgjli cio`ts. Lic altztls
Jlispila t`ldgtisilrt wilmlr l`lr mil Lctwlrtucb. Ogcmimg
@õelr
(:;;=) `gt ic liclr licmruonsvhaalc Ehthslril mgrblalbt, wil
splzieiso`l [rhjaldl, mil ic mlr dgtlrigalc Cgtur mlr Micbl ailblc
ucm mlc Nusthmlc mlr _gddaucblc cur gaazu but vlrtrgut sicm, zur
Lcterldmucb vhc mlc Micblc eñ`rt. _h dñsslc vilal Hjflntl gus
hrbgciso`lc Dgtlrigailc rlbladíØib dit Icslntizimlc jl`gcmlat
wlrmlc, wgs lctsprlo`lcml Uhrsio`tsdgØcg`dlc id \dbgcb dit milslc
Micblc cgo` sio` zil`t. Lic Jiam vhc @õelr (:;;=, 0<) zlibt mil
Dusludsd