An Overview of the Technologies and Concepts Involved in ...catedras-etsi.us.es/endesared/documentos/jornada...An Overview of the Technologies and Concepts Involved in the Development

Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und InformationstechnikLehrstuhl für Energiesysteme und Energiewirtschaft

technische universität dortmund

Prof.(em.) Dr.-Ing. Edmund Handschin, IEEE Life FellowUniversity of Technology, Dortmund, Germany

Email: [email protected]

An Overview of the Technologies and ConceptsInvolved in the Development of Smart Grids

Spanish IEEE/PES Chapter

©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin

Agenda

1. Introduction2. Framework issues3. Seven paths to the grid 20504. Conclusions


EU targets give a clear signal…

EU-leaders:

20% (30%) CO2 emission reduction in 2020 (compared to 1990)

20% increase in energy efficiency by 2020

20% renewable energy by 2020

Investing heavily in low carbon technology

Agreement to develop the single, interoperable EU energy market

Strengthening the EU’s carbon market

covers 50% of our energy emissions

market value over 20 billion Euros.


Energising Europe – a real market with secure supply

The 3rd EU package will ensure that all European citizens can take advantage of the numerous benefits provided by a truly competitive energy market.

Aims:1. to separate production and supply from transmission networks 2. to facilitate cross-border trade in energy 3. more effective national regulators 4. to promote cross-border collaboration and investment 5. greater market transparency on network operation and supply 6. increased solidarity among the EU countries


5

Bezugsquelle: IEA (Vigotti)

Solutions depend on:Region

Natural resourcesRequirements

OptionsMarketsTiming

Infrastructure

Innovative Technologies

Smart power electronicsSuperconductivity


Needed Investment 2030: 750 billion €

Demand

- Growth 2%/year = +1250 TWh until 2030

Generation

- Replacement and expansion of 900 GW needed until 2030

- RES 500 GWpeak needed until 2030

Transmission & Distribution

- Ageing assets, expansion and RES+DG integration

500 G€ until 2030 needed

Markets & Regulation

- Data + information need > 20 G€ investment

(based on 100€ per connection)


7

Seven paths to the grid 2050

1. Optimisation of operation and control

2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure

3. Integration of renewable energy sources

4. Active distribution networks

5. Information- und communication technologies

6. New market places and energy efficiency

7. Active participation of customers in the energy market


European Energy Systems


ENTSO-E System

450 million people served2530 TWh used

630 GW installed capacity @ 500 €/kW = 315 G€230.000 km HV network @ 400 000 €/km = 90 G€Approx. 5.000.000 km MV+LV network

1500 € investment per EU citizen

Largest and most complex man-made system


10

ENTSO-E control areas (2009)


11

International cooperatiom

South-West

South-Est Center

E

P

��

TP

50�H�


12

Innovations to handle network congestions

Stability- und Capacity Monitoring

Satellite based phasor measurement

Monitoring of conductor temperature


13

Stability monitoring

Inter-area oscillations in the ENTSO-E network

Identification of critical modes and their damping in order to avoid stability problems

Source: TU DO, ESW


Nov. 4, 2006 at 21:38

Both 380-kV-lines Conneford-Diele are intentionally disconnected

consequentlyOverloading and disconnection of additional lines between Amprion and Transpower lead to three network islands with different frequencies

22:10

Two lines Wehrendorf-Landesbergen and Bechterdissen-Elsen are automatically disconnected


Three network islands


16










Reasons for Network Congestions in Europe

Since the liberalisation of the electricity market:Increase of network congestions between EU countriesNetwork congestions are monitored by TSO, regulators and EU commission

Reasons for network congestions:Steady increase of electricity consumptionWide area optimisation of power plantsOptimisation of the supply portfolio with considerable international trading activitiesIncrease of the transit flows in EuropeIntegration of large wind park capacities


18

Innovation to handle network congestions: FACTS

Distributed coordinated power flow control

Conneforde

Maasbracht

Rommerskirchen

VigyUchtelfangen

Achene

Aubange

Moulaine

AvelinAvelgem

Deutschland(D)Belgien

(B)

Frankreich(F)

Gramme

380 kV220 kVPhasenschieber

Lux.

Monceau

Zandvliet

Conneforde

Rommerskirchen

VigyUchtelfangen

Achene

Aubange

Moulaine

AvelinAvelgem

Deutschland(D)

Niederlande

Belgien(B)

Frankreich(F)

Gramme

380 kV220 kVphase shifter

Lux.

Zandvliet

LonnyLonny

Monceau

Siersdorf

Maasbracht

Siersdorf

NiederlangenNiederlangen

HengeloHengelo

GronauGronau

Meeden

DieleNiederlande(NL) Zwolle

Meeden

Diele

(NL) Zwolle

p1, i1

is

MSC

TSR1 TSR2 TSR3TSCPST

i2

u1 u2uh

Dynamic power flow controller


19

HVDC Classic Transmission line

Innovation to handle network congestions

Udcin kV

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

00 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Power in MW

HVDC VSCwith

Polymercable

HVDC VSC Classic cable

HVDC VSC Transmission line

VSC: Voltage source converter


20

Innovation to handle network congestions

Value: 110 MUSD350 MW

Off-shore cable 75 kmOn-shore cable 30 km

Eastlink with HVDC Light-Reliable energy transport-Environmental friendly-Compact converter stations-Low energy price

HVDC-Polymer cable:< 1100 MW

HVDC-Transmission line:< 6400 MW


21










22

Innovations for off-shore wind integration

HVDC sea- and land cable

Longest cable application for wind integration:

Operation: 2009Power: 400 MW

HVDC voltage: +/- 150 kV

AC voltage: 170 kV offshore380 kV onshore (Diele)

Length: 128 km (sea) und 75 km (land)


23

Integration of wind parks and conventional generation

Congestion- and investment evaluation: Coupling of physical and contractual models

Coupled computation ofEnergy marketPower plant powerOperational probabilityNetworkSecurity requirements


24

Desertec Project

• Desertec-foundation (2008) coordinates all activities for the global realisation of the project• Initiated by Münchener Rück a MoU has been signed in July 2009 • Until 2050 up to 10–25 % of the European electric energy demand can be supplied by Desertec


Transgreen Project

• 43 Mediterranean states approve in May 2010 the solar plan for the Mediterranean region • Until 2020 up to 20 GW of solar power will be installed• The AC link in Gibraltar has an actual capacity of 1400 MW


26










27

Development in the distribution network

G GGeneration

Transmission

Distribution Demand

G G

Generation

Generation

Traditional Direction of Distribution

Generation

B�� S��


2828

Development in the distribution network

~

10 kV

0,4 kV

10 kV

PV

Yesterday

~

~

~

10 kV

0,4 kV

10 kV

PV

PVA

WET

Today

~~

~~

10 kV

0,4 kV

10 kV

~

~

~

PV

PV

FC

MT

FC

FC

WET

Tomorrow

CurrentHeat/ColdNatural gasWater

~MT


29










30

Active distribution networks

Topics:• Distribution• Quality• Renweables• Flexibility• Energy Management

Large currents,Low voltages

Energy Web

Mini and Micro turbines

Intelligent powerelectronics


31

Innovations with dispersed generation

ICT for integration of renewable sources and coordination of dispersed generation and load

Combined design of electric power, gas, and heat networks

Smart Metering

ICT- Gateway-

Customer applicationsLoad management

Control of decentralizedgeneration (CHP)

E-Energy Market

ProsumersVirtual power plantsEnergy service providerGrid operatorSmart meter management

via DSL, GPRS, PLC, ...


32

Information and communication technology

Unified technical, commercial and regulatory solutions

Bidirectional communication with customers

Central und decentralized generation with innovative technology

Harmonisation of standards, data formats and protocols

Enablers for better education and improved competence

Substantial R&D budgets required


33










34

Technological changes: Distributed generationNew energy sourcesControllable generation and load in the low voltage networkStorage technologies

Internet of Energy

Market opening: Many new stakeholdersCost pressure and efficiency increaseIncrease of competition

Societal changes: • Environmental friendly

generation• Market efficiency• E-Mobilitiy

Distributed and self organizing realisation of

control applications

Flexible and cost-effective

integration of all system components

Shifting some tasks from the transmission

system to the distribution networks

Internet technology for energy solutions


35

New energy market: Pilot projects

E-Energy market

ActiveCustomers:Prosumers

Gridoperator

Energytrader

New services

GenerationMeasurement

AccountingInteroperable, common electronic platform


Six model regions of E-Energy

Vom Leuchtturm in die Fläche


37










Active participation of customers

Transform these interests into incentives:1. for customers in the centre of all market activities2. socio-economic research for customers acceptance 3. data security and integrity

Increase the motivation for active participation1. variable tariffs2. new tariff structures3. incentives for increasing energy efficiency4. internet of energy offers transparency

Customers interest:• free choice of supplier• fair prices• clean energy • security of supply


Integration with other fields

Energy awareness Energy efficiency

Communication Entertainment

HouseholdSupply

Consumer electronicComfort

Health andHomecare

Full range of smart grids:Development and deployment

of enabling technologiesfor full integration of

all services


40

Conclusions

Infrastructure development is the key for reaching the goals of modern energy policy

New control and monitoring equipment and international cooperation

Internet of Energy opens new markets and supports the competition

Central und decentralized energy complement one another

New technologies for transmission and distribution systems

European harmonisation of regulation

Documents

An Overview of the Technologies and Concepts Involved in ...catedras-etsi.us.es/endesared/documentos/jornada...An Overview of the Technologies and Concepts Involved in the Development