Antigen Mkdu Ppds 2016

8/19/2019 Antigen Mkdu Ppds 2016

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microbe

antigen

epitope

phagocyte

Ag-binding site

Fab region

Fc region

Fc receptor

Antibody (Ab)

(Male, Brostoff, Roth, Roitt, 2006)

(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, 2011)


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acterial Pathogen

S. pneumoniae

!1"

collagen

region

!1r !1s

(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, 201#)


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Ag can bind in pockets orgrooves or on extended

surfaces in the binding sites ofAbs

(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, 2010)(Janeway, CA., 2001)(Janeway, CA., 2001)


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S. pneumoniae

$psoni%ation$psoni%ation!&b

!'$ !D

!1" !'P AP

PhagocytosisPhagocytosis

'eceptor *or

!'P AP

!&b'Fcϒ '

S. pneumoniae

(Yoes Prijatna a!hlan, 201")


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Ag 1

Ag 2

Ag &

Ab 1

Ab 2

Ab &

re+ognisi

epitope

A$D. '.!$/. .P$P.

(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, 2011)(Male, Brostoff, Roth, Roitt, 2006)


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Ag

cell

Plasma cellAgAb

Actiation

Ag

(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan 2011)

mmnogenicity, peci*icity

3

!lonal selection theory

cell cell

$. !.44 5 $. P.!F!Y


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#he Clonal $ele!tion

#heory

%n &enerati'e

lyhoi* or&ans

4ymphocyte clones matres

in the absence o* Ags

!lones o* matre

lymphocytes

speci*ic *or dierse Ags

A&s enter

lyhoi* tiss+es

Ag-speci*ic clones are

actiated (selected)

by Ags

Ag-speci*ic immne

responses occr

(Abbas, 2015)(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan,2015)


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Ag cell

Ag

'eceptor

AP!

Antigen

67!

molecle!'

cell

A/.

- Mole!+les that are

se!ifi!ally re!o&nie* /y

anti&en re!etors either B

!ells or # !ells

- Mole!+les that initiate

a*ati'e i+ne

resonses

(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, 2011) (Male, Brostoff, Roth, Roitt, 2006)


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(Abbas, 2010)(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan


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Peptide inding to !"# $olecules

Involved in inding to !"# $olecules

P1(Asp52)

P4(Ile55)

P6(Gln57)

P7(Ile5)P!("er60)

In recognition

% T cells

P2(#$r5%)

P5(&e56)

P(Asn5!)

(Abbas, 2010)(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan


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IMMUNOGEN

More recently, the term

immunogen has been

designated to refer to molecules that induce the

activation of T or B cellsin

the presence ofappropriate costimulatory

molecules

EPITOPE

• The B and T-cellantigen

receptors recognize a unique region of the

antigen

• = Antigenic

determinant

• Comple Ags contain

several epitopes(or!ynsi,R., 13 Clin %)


ANTIGEN are any substances that are capable, under appropriateconditions, of inducing the formation of antibodies and reactingspeci!cally "ith the antibodies so produced# They react "ith both T-cell recognition receptors and antibodies $%abris&ie,'B#, ())*+ ss Clinmm.


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Antigens/ mmunogenicity 0 Antigenicity

Immunogenicit! is theability to induce a humoraland1or CM immune

responses" 2 Ag 3 4-B 2 Memory B

5

6lasma cells 3 A#

T 2 Ag 3 4-T 2 Memory T

5

$T%& T'

Antigenicit! isthe ability to

combinespeci!cally "iththe !nal productof the immune

responses



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mmunogen 0immunogenicity

7# 6articular macromolecules of an infectious

agent / proteins or polysaccharides(# mmunogenicity rather depends on a

number of properties of the particularbiological system that the Ag encounters

8# 9ature / foreignness, chemicalcompleity, accessibility, susceptibility tothe Ag processing and presentation

:# The biological system / genotype, dosage

0 route administration, ad;uvants


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A Bo'ine ser+ al/+in

!o8

'abbit

ot immnogenic

trongly immnogenic

trongly immnogenic7man

4orei&nness



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Molecular size

7#The most potent immunogens aremacromolecular proteins "ithmolecular "eights ? 7)),))) @a

(# enerally, substances "ith a M


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Mode of contact

- An insuEcient $lo". dose of Ag 3Fo"-zone tolerance $immunologicunresponsiveness.

- cessive doses of Ag 3 Gigh-zone

tolerance- Boosters 3HH the clonal proliferation

of Ag-speci!c T and B cells

- Ioute of contact can inJuence thequalitative nature of a response$iv,id,sc,im,ip.



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Chemical compleity

- Gomopolymer / repeating units of a single amino acids KLKLKL 3 6oor immunogen

- Copolymers of ( or D even better D 8 AAs are moreimmunogenic

KL L N LK

- Aromatic AAs $e#g# tyrosine. contribute more toimmunogenicity than nonaromatic residues

- The protein organizational structure $conformational andlinear epitopes.



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Accessibility

OOOAAAAA AAAAAOOO

OOOAAAAA AAAAAOOO

OOOAAAAA AAAAAOOO

A-speci!c ( and E-speci!c antibodies antibodies



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The protein organizationalstructure $7.


(5+/y, 2006)


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The protein organizationalstructure $(.

(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan 2010)(5+/y, 2006)


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2010



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2010

Yoes Prijatna a!hlan 2010


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enetic constitution of the host

- T"o di4erent inbred strains of miceresponded very di4erently to

synthetic polypeptide immunogen- MGC gene products play a central

role in determining the degree to

"hich an animal responds to animmunogen



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A@'PQA9TR

- Ag persistence is prolonged

- Co-stimulatory signals are enhanced

- Focal inJammation is increased

- The non-speci!c proliferation oflymphocytes is stimulated



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The capacity of the drugs toinduce allergic reactions

n the body, formation of hapten ' carriercon;ugates is the basis of allergic responsesto drugs such as penicillin

6enicilloyl-protein derivative S G-C-Con;ugates



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5+/y, 2006



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Ags / 6rotein, 6olysaccharide, Fipids

T)dependent antigens

6articularly proteinantigens,

B cell activation occursonly

in the presence of T-cell

cyto&ines, and cognate

interaction "ithactivated T

cells

T)independent antigens

• 6olysaccharide molecules

can activate B cells in the

absence of T cell help• Type / 6neumococcal

polysacharide, non

mitogenic

• Type / F6R, a cell "all component ofn ram Dve

bacteria, mitogenic

(or!ynsi,R., 13 Clin %)(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan 2011)

Abs


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poro%oite!P

'AP

A'P

7epatic stage4A

A4A

'ing tropho%oite

'.A

chi%ontsP*.6P-1

'i*ins

.9$'

7'P-2

/ametocyte P*g2:

P*g2&0

P*g#;

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Antigen Mkdu Ppds 2016