Buddhist Ethics In Daily Life - unthol.files.wordpress.com · Title: Microsoft Word - Buddhist Ethics In Daily Life.doc Author: CHAMROEN Created Date: 9/14/2007 12:27:52 AM

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Buddhist Ethics In Daily Life

By Venerable Dr. Dhammapiya Translated by Bhikkhu S.K.©āÓajoti

First Edition

Bodhi Monastery/ Preahvihear

Sponsored By Malaysian Buddhist Friends

B.E 2551 C.E 2007

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BinitüEksRmYlxøwmsar nigGkçraviruT§eday -RBHmha esOg vuT§I vin½yFrGnuKNRsuksVayerog ¬smN nisSitfñak;GnubNÐit ITBMU rgÁÚn shPaBmIya:n;ma:¦ -Pikçú b‘ut supl GnubNÐit BI MCU ¬)agkk¦ RbeTséf -Pikçú G‘u¿ stßa sBØaabRtCan;x<s; ITBMU rgÁÚn -elak em:A va:n TIRbwkSasßanTUtkm<úCa RbcaMshPaBmIya:n;ma: -GñkRsI Fn; sMbUr ¬CaPriya¦ karIkMuBüÚT½reday -Pikçú )a:l; cMerIn ¬FmµbriBaØabRt¦ ITBMU rgÁÚn mIya:n;ma -elak em:A sIufa ¬GnubNÐit¦ ITBMU rgÁÚn mIya:n;ma rcnaRkbmux nigTMB½reday -Pikçú siun Kg;

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snTUtefrvaTGnþrCati naTIRkugrgÁÚn shPaBmIya:n;ma: ´)anGan esovePAenHcb;ehIy ´)anyl;fa esovePAenH)anrYmviPaKTanya:g eRcInsRmab;sgÁmbc©úb,nñ CaBiesselIEpñkGPismacar nigsIlFm’ sgÁm Ep¥kelIRTwsþIBuT§sasnaTaMgRsug. eRBaHehtuenaH ´k¾mankar cab;GarmµN_ya:gxøaMg kñúgkarbkERbesovePAenH eTACaPasaExµr sRmab;BuT§sasnikExµrTUeTA EdlBMuGacGanCaPasaGg;eKøs)an. bu:EnþeTaHCaya:genHkIþ ´KiteXIjfa eBlenH´kMBugsikSaeRkbyk cMeNHdwgya:gmmajwk KYrEtBnüarhUtdl;bBa©b;karsikSasin. ÉtgEt)anTTYlGnusasn_l¥² EdlCakarelIkTwkcitþGMBIsMNak; RBHmha dYg suKn§vDÆn_ nigRBHmha nYn efag Cajwkjab;fa ebIeTaHbICaeyIgkMBugsikSak¾BitEmn bu:EnþRbsinebIGaceqøóteBleFIV karNamYy edIm,I)anCaRbeyaCn_dl;BhuCnenaH CakarRbesIréRk Elg. eday)anTTYlGnusasn_l¥² nigkarelIkTwkcitþGMBIsMNak; elakTaMgBIrGgÁehIy dUcenH´k¾seRmccitþbkERbesovePAenH tam karKYrdl;eBlevlaEdlTMenrbnþicbnþÜcBIkarsikSa.

´)ancab;epþImbkERbBIéf¶ 27 Ex FñÚ qñaM2005 rhUtdl; éf¶TI 4 Ex kBaØa qñaM2006 eTIbcb;sBVRKb;. luHeBlcb;ehIy ´k¾ )anyksMeNAedIm¬sresréd¦ eTARbeKnRBHPikçú bu‘t supl

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nigRBHmha esOg vuT§I [elakCYyBinitü nigEksRmYlxøwmsar esckIþehIy eTIbykeTARbeKnPikçú )a:l; cMerIn nigelak em:A sIufa edIm,IvaykuMBüÚT½r. luHeBlvaybBa©Úlma:sIuneRscehIy ´k¾RBIn ¬Print¦ecj ykeTACUnelak em:A va:n TIRbwkSasßan TUtkm<úCa RbcaMenAshPaBmIya:n;ma: nigGñkRsI Fn; sMbUr CaPriya [CYyBinitünigEksRmYlGkçraviruT§bEnßmeTot.

enAéf¶TI09 Exmina qñaM2007 ´)anCYbRBHetCKuNbNÐit Fmµbiy³ kñúg»kasEdlelaknimnþmkcUlrYmsnñisiTsþIGMBIsakl viTüal½yBuT§sasnaefrvaTGnþrCati enA ITBMU naRkugrgÁÚnenaH ´)anTTYlkarGnuBaØatBIelak [e)aHBum<pSayEckCaFmµTanedIm,I CaRbeyaCn_dl;BhuCnTUeTA.

´dwgfa karbkERbBIPasamYyeTAPasamYyeTot EtgEtman kMhusqÁaMqÁgedayGectna b¤k¾bNþalmkBIkaryl;GtßesckIþmin )anc,as;las; edayRbkarNamYyenaH GaRs½yehtuenH ´sUm GP½yeTasBIsMNak;GñkGanTaMgGs; nigsUmsVaKmn_cMeBaHkarriHKn; kñúgn½ysßabna EklMG edaysuT§citþBIelakGñkR)aCJTaMgGs;.

CamYyKñaenHEdr ´sUmEføgGMNrKuNya:gRCaleRCA dl; RBHmha niigelakGñkman]bkar³TaMgGs;. CaBiess RBHmha dYg suKn§vDÆn_ nigRBHmha nYn efag EdlEtgEtCYyelIkTwkcitþ ´rhUtdl;karbkERbesovePAenH )ancb;sBVRKb;smtambMNg. eqøótkñúg»kasenH sUmEføgGMNrKuNya:gRCaleRCA cMeBaH])asika

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Kim sIuemOn nig])asika evC¢bNÐit eLg ecglag enA BuT§mNÐlvibsSnaFur³km<úCa ¬]dþúgÁ¦ EdlEtgEtykcitþCYy]btßmÖ nigCYyelIkTwkcitþcMeBaHsmNnisSitExµrTaMgGs; EdlkMBugsikSaenA ITBMU. elIsBIenHeTot ´sUmsEmþgnUvkardwgKuNd¾x<g;x<s;cMeBaH Ék]tþm hu‘l panI ÉkGKÁraCTUtkm<úCa nigelakCMTav elak em:A va:n TIRbwkSa nigPriya RBmTaMgshkarIsßanTUtTaMg Gs; EdlEtgEtyk citþTukdak; nigTMnukbMrug TaMgsµartI nigsmÖar³ dl;smNnisSitExµrTaMgGs; EdlkMBugsikSaenAshPaBmIya:n;ma:.

fVIt,itEtkarbkERbenH RtUv)anbBa©b;CasßaBrk¾BitEmn bu:Enþ vaminTan;)ane)aHBum<ecjCaesovePAenAeLIyeT BIeRBaHxVHxat fvika. CaP½BVsMNag enAéf¶esAr_TI8 ExkBaØa 2007 ´)anTTYl E-mail rbs;elak yU )an ¬Yu Ban¦ BIRbeTsma:eLsuI eday Kat;mansT§aRCHføa kñúgkarCYye)aHBum<esovePA {GPismacar BuT§sasna kñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶ } enH CaelIkTI1 kñúgeKalbMNgEck CaFmµTandl;saFarNCn GñkmanesckIþRsLaj;kñúgkarGan kar eQVgyl;GMBIBuT§sasna enAkñúgRsukExµr CaBiesscMeBaHyuvsisS nisSitTUeTA. kñúgnamCaGñkbkERbpÞal; ´manesckIþesckIþeRtkGr ya:gxøaMg eday)anTTYlkar]btßmÖfvika kñúgkare)aHBum<esovePAenH BIeRBaH´)anTnÞwgrg;caM»kasenHCayUrmkehIy.

´sUmCUnnUvsBÞsaFukarBr cMeBaHelakGñkm©as;TanTaMgGs; Edl)ancMNaykmøaMgFnFan eRCamERCgkare)aHBum<esovePAenH

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CaBiesselak yU )an nigRBHetCKuN CYn bu‘n sIum Edl)an xñHExñgkñúgkic©karFmµTanenH kñúgeKalbMNgBRgIk pSBVpSayRBHBuT§- »vaT [manesckIþrIkceRmInrugerOgteTA.

edayGMNacplanisgSenH sUm[RbCaCnkm<úCaTaMgGs; TaMgbBVCit TaMgRKhsß namWunsBVmuxm®nþI )anCYbRbsBVEtesckIþsux ekSmkSanþterogeTAkMubIkøayCaRbkardéTeLIy.

ITBMU rgÁÚn éf¶TI 11 ExkBaØa qñaM2007 Pikçú suin Kg; GñkbkERb FmµbriBaØabRt

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GarmÖkfa bc©úb,nñenH TaMgenAbc©imnigbUBa’RbeTs )andak;esckIþsMxan;

epþateTAelIRkmsIlFm’ nigbBaðasgÁmya:gxøaMgkøa. GPismacar BuT§sasna CaRbePTénsmacarmYy EdlTak;Tgya:gsMxan;CamYy sIlFm’ nigTidæPaBénCIvitRbcaMéf¶enAkñúgsgÁm ehIyTak;TgeTAnwg maK’aCIvit nigkarGPivDÆEpñksµartI nigsgÁmFm’pgEdr. bu:EnþBuT§sa- snikCaeRcIn mindwgBIrebobGnuvtþRTwsIþGPismacarBuT§sasna cMeBaH TidæPaBenAkñúgsgÁmeLIy eRBaHehtuenaH ´sresresovePAenHkñúg eKalbMNgedIm,IBRgIkesckIþsuxs¶b; sRmab;buKÁlEdlmanbMNg cg;GnuvtþGPismacarBuT§sasna[RbRBwtþeTAkñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶. cab;taMgBIeBlEdleK)anEtgtaMg´ CaTIRbwkSaRbcaMenAmCÄ mNÐlsmaFitfaKtnaTIRkugsancUes rdækalIhV:jamk ´)anbeRgon BIrebobGnuvtþRTwsIþGPismacarBuT§sasna dl;buKÁlEdlmanbBaða nigbuKÁlEdl)anmkCYbédIm,IsUmkarRbwkSa. kñúgbu:nµanqñaMfIµ²enH ´ )ankt;RtaTuknUvkrNICaeRcIn EdlTak;TgnwgbBaðasgÁm. ´)anpþl; RTwsIþGPismacarBuT§sasna dl;BYkeKedIm,ICYydl;buKÁlenaH² [ edaHRsaycMeBaHbBaðaenaH ehIynaMpøÚv[BYkeKecHrs;enA kñúgesckIþ suxs¶b; edayGnuelamtamBuT§»vaT¬RBHFm’¦ dUecñHesovePA {GPismacarBuT§sasnakñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶ }enH mansar³sMxan;Nas; sRmab;GnuvtþedaHRsaybBaða sgÁm.

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cMeBaHkare)aHBum<pSayesovePAenH ´sUmEføgGMNrKuN ya:gRCaleRCAdl;RBHetCKuN ] bNÐit Kg;enAbNÐitaram enAkñúg shPaBmIya:n;ma:¬PUma¦ nigRBHetCKuNbNÐit sIlannÞaPivgS Kg; enAFmµnnÞvihar RkughalmUn)ay rdækalIhV:ja shrdæGaemrik cMeBaHesckIþemtþarbs;elak Edl)anpþl;Gnusasn_dl;́ nigelak sa®sþacarübNÐit RKisþTan cUCIm ¬Christian Jochim¦ enAsakl viTüal½yRkugsancUes cMeBaHbBaØad¾evogévrbs;elak Edl)anpþl; eyabl;enAeBlEdl´kMBugeFIVkarRsavRCav nigkarBarniekçbbTfñak; GnubNÐit nigelakGF½r cUhin ¬Arthur Cohen¦ cMeBaH\riyabf RbkbedaykþIBüayam Edl)anCYypþl;GMNHGMNag Tak;TgnwgGtß bTRsavRCavrbs;´. CaBiess ´sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;sb,úrsCn TaMgGs; Edl)ancUlviPaKTankñúgkare)aHBum<pSayelIkenH nigCacug eRkaydl;smaCikén S.B.V.M.Society TaMgGs; Edl)anTTYlxus RtUvkñúgkare)aHBum<esovePAenH. éf¶TI 18 Ex]sPa qñaM 1998 bNÐit Fmµbiy³ mCÄmNÐlsmaFitfaKt RkugsancUes rdækalIhV:ja Gaemrik

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matika GtßbT elxTMB½r buBVkfaGñkbkERb 5 GarmÖkfa 9 esckIþepþIm GPismacarBuT§sasna nigbBaðaCamUldæan 14 \riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ 17 BuT§sasna nigRTwsþItb³ 20 mUldæanénGPismacarBuT§sasna 21 karGnuvtþGPismacarBuT§sasnakñúgsgÁm 22 CMBUk1 GPismacar nigkareFIVviPaKTan 24 karBicarNaGMBIRTBüsm,tþi nigPaBRkIRk 25 \riyabfrbs;BuT§sasnikcMeBaHRTBüsm,tiþ nigPaBRkIRk 28 etIBuT§sasnaeqøIytbcMeBaHbBaðaesdækic©edayrebobNa? 30 \riyabfkñúgkar[nigkarTTYl 32 TMnak;TMngrvagRBHsgÇ nigRKhsß 34 viPaKTan - TsSn³smÖarniym 36 CMBUk2 karb®Ba¢abcUlkmµTsSn³eTAkñúgsgÁm 39 BuT§sasnikCnrs;enAedaykmøaMgsµgrbs;xøÜn 41

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CMenOelIkmµ nigkarTIBwgxøÜnÉg 43 rebobénkar[plrbs;kmµ 44 kmµ - sgSar - niBaVn 47 TsSn³énvi)ak 51 TsSn³kmµ nigplvi)ak¬kmµpl¦ 52 CMBUk3 sIlFm’BuT§sasna nigsgÁmsm½yTMenIb 55 sgÁm nigtémøsIlFm’ 56 karGb;rMKWCatémørbs;sIlFm’ 58 sIlFm’mUldæansRmab;RKhsß 59 sIlFm’ nign½ymUldæanrbs;mnusSCati 63 BuT§sasna nigTMnYlxusRtUvsgÁm 64 RkmsIlFm’ nigTsSn³kmµ 72 CMBUk4 RBHFm’ ¬maK’aénCIvit¦ 76 buKÁlCaTIBwgxøÜnÉg 77 KuNFm’rbs;éRtsrNKmn_ 80 \riyabfBuT§sasnik cMeBaHesrIPaBsasna 83 BuT§sasna nigmaK’akNþal 85 pøÚvGmnaMmknUvbBaðasgÁm 92 Gtßn½yrbs;maK’akNþal 94

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CMBUk5 sIlFm’naMeTArkPaBeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’nigsµartI 99 esckIþsuxCIvitenApÞH¬RKhsß¦ 101 karkarBar]Rkidækmµtamry³karBicarNatamEbbBuT§sasna 103 RBHsmµasm<úT§nigTMnak;TMngsgÁm 106 \riyabfBuT§sasnacMeBaHesckIþsux snþiPaB nigesrIPaB 100 CIvitEdlmin)anBinitüCakarrs;enAedayminmantémø 112 kartaMgcitþcugeRkayénCIvitBuT§sasnik 116

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esckIþepþIm

GPismacarBuT§sasna nig bBaðaCamUldæan BuT§sasnaCasasnamYy EdlepþatsMxan;eTAelIrebobrs;

enAsRmab;mnusSTUeTA edaymincMeBaHEtRBHsgÇeT b:uEnþEfmTaMg RKhsßpgEdr. eBlbc©úb,nñenH kñúgbc©wmRbeTs GPismacarBuT§sasna RtUv)aneKelIkykmkBiPakSay:agpuspul nigTUlMTUlaybMput esIÞrEtRKb;TIkEnøg dUcCa enAGWur:ub Gaemrik nig GU®sþalICaedIm BIeRBaHGPismacarBuT§sasna eRbobdUcCapÞaMgKMnitfµIRsLagsRmab; BYkelakxaglic. eTaHbICay:agenHk¾eday Cajwkjab;BuT§sasna RtUv)anmnusSPaKeRcInyl;xus. ehIyrebobrs;enA nigkarRbtibtþi rbs;BuT§sasnik manRBHsgÇ nigdUnCI ¬nun¦pgenaH RtUv)anTTYl karriHKn;y:agxøaMgBIsMNak;mnusSPaKeRcIn. GñkriHKn;TaMgenaH rab; bBa©ÚlTaMgBYkGñk Edl)anTTYlyknikayfIµrbs;BuT§sasnapg Edl eKsÁal;fa :BuT§sasnamhayan : mnusSEdleBjcitþcMeBaHTsSn³ RBHeBaFistV ¬buKÁlR)afñaCaRBHBuT§kñúgeBlGnaKt¦ nigBYkbBaØvnþ RBmTaMgGñkbkRsayCatixaglicmYycMnYnpgEdr.

RTwsIþBuT§sasnaxagedIm EdleKsÁal;fa {BuT§sasnaefrvaT b¤ hInyan : KWCamaK’arbs;RBHmhaefr. edayeyagtamkarbk Rsayrbs;buKÁlmYycMnYnenaHfa BuT§sasna)anRBegIykenþIycMeBaH esvakic©sgÁm. ehIyBaküRbmaffa :hInyan : mann½yfayantUc

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enH KWeKsMedAykBuT§sasnaefrvaTenHÉg. TaMgGs;enH BIeRBaHkar bkRsayRbvtiþBuT§sasnaxus tamBitkñúgRbvtiþsa®sþrbs;BuT§sasna efrvaT manlkçN³xusKñaRsLHrvaghInyan. ebIeyagtamRbvtiþ sa®sþ mhasgÇik ehIyeRkaymk )ankøayCaBuT§sasnanikay mhayanenaH KWCanikaybeNþaHGasnñmYy CamYynikayefrvaT Edr enAeBleFIVsgÁaynaelIkTI2. sgÁaynaenH R)arB§eFIVRbEhl Ca100qñaMeRkaymhabriniBaVn kñúgrvagqñaM483munRKisþskraC. KW eFIVeLIgedIm,IseRmcBIeyabl;xusKña kñúgcMeNamKN³sgÇ enAkñúg RbeTs\NÐa. tamkarCak;Esþg karcab;epIþmBuT§sasna KWmannikay EtmYyKt;EdleKehAfaBuT§sasnaxagedIm b¤RtUv)aneKsÁal;CaTUeTA fa :BuT§sasnaefrvaT : enaHÉg. enAsm½yeFIVsgÁaynaelIkTI3 eRkamRBHraCUbtßmÖrbs;RBH )aT GesakFmµraC R)arB§eFVIenA235qñaMeRkayBuT§briniBaVn nikay mhasgÇik )ancab;epIþmrIksuHsay ehIyCayfaehtu)anEckecj CaeRcInsaxarYmTaMg eKakulik nigÉekaeBüaharik. luHeRkayBI enaHmk mhasgÇik)an køayeTACaRTg;RTay b¤manTRmg;fµIrbs; BuT§sasna EdlmaneQµaHsBVéf¶fa {mhayan}enaHÉg. eBlEdl mhayan)ansßabnal¥ehIy eK)anEckRBHéRtbidkCaBIrRkum enAkñúg salarbs;xøÜnKW RBHéRtbidkxagmhayan nigRBHéRtbidkxag hInyan. TsSn³xusKñarvagnikayTaMgBIrenaH KWfamhayanepþat elIkarCYyse®gÁaHCasakl )andl; RBHeBaFistVniym ¬eBaFistþ¦ . cMENknikayhInyan )andl; RBHGrhnþniym EdlmnusSeRcIn

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yl;minc,as; ehIyeBalfaCa buKÁlniym eTAvij. eRBaHehtuenH BuT§sasnikmhayaneBalfa nikayepSg² EdlminRbtibtiþtam maK’aeBaFistVdUcxøÜn CanikayhInyan ¬vRCyan b¤t®nþyan Edl RtUv)aneKsÁal;fa BuT§sasnaTIeb BMuTan;)anbegIáteLIgenAeLIy eTeBlenaH¦. luHdl;500qñaM bnÞab;BIBuT§briniBaVneTA BuT§sasnaefrvaT min manPaBsißtesßr enAPaKkNþalénRbeTs\NÐateTAeToteLIy b:uEnþ RtUv)anpSayeTAPaKxagt,ÚgénRbeTs\NÐarYmman RsIlgáa PuUma éf nigkm<úCaCaedIm. CakarBit BMumannikayhInyaneLIy enAkñúgRbvtiþ sa®sþBuT§sasna enHRKan;EtCaBakübnþúHbg¥ab; rbs;BYkmhayan cMeBaHnikayepSg²Etb:ueNÑaH dUcenH eXIjfaCakarRtwmRtUvNas; kñúgkarniyayfa BuT§sasnaefrvaT ¬KµanGIVBak;B½n§CamYyhInyan enaH¦ . srubmk vaxusKñaRsLHrvagBaküTaMgBIrenH b:uEnþeTaHCa y:agenHkIþ sBVéf¶mnusSPaKeRcIn)aneRbIBakü{hInyan }enH kñúgkar smÁal;faCa efrvaT edayyl;RcLMeTAvij. sBVéf¶enH mnusSPaKeRcInenAEteRbIBaküxusfa : hInyan : ehIysMedAdl;BuT§sasnaefrvaT. mYycMnYneTot )aneRbIBaküenH edayectna enHBIeRBaHfa eKalbMNgBIeRkaykareRbIBaküenH rbs; BYkmhayan KWfaBYkeKxøÜnÉg manGarmµN_fa]tþmCagBYkefrvaT ehIyeKeCOfaeKaledArbs;eBaFistV RbesIrCageKaledArbs;RBH Grhnþ. BYkeKsnµt;fa BYkefrvaTedIrtammaKa’tUcceg¥ót eday sMedAykTsSn³RBHGrhnþ . tamBit manEtBYkefrvaTeT Edldwg

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nUvGVICaeKaledABitR)akdenaH. BuT§sasnikefrvaT eFVI[sµartImYy kñúgcMeNamBIrKW eBaFistV nigGrhnþ GnuelameTACarbs;xøÜn EteTaHCaya:genHkþI cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;bris½Tmhayan nigBYkbc©im RbeTsmYycMnYn CasMxan;epþatelIeyabl;minRsbKña sþIBIGrhnþ ¬karRtas;dwgkñúgCatiCabc©úb,nñ¦. BYkeKyl;eXIjfa buKÁlEdl EsVgrkPaBCaRBHGrhnþ RbtibtþiedIm,IeRsacRsg;xøÜnÉgenaH BuMxVay xVl;BIsuxumalPaBsmgÁmeLIy. BYkeKk¾yl;RcLMpgEdr cMeBaH TsSn³tb³niym edaysMedAfakarRbtibtþirbs;BYkefrvaT EdlBYk eKeCOfa BMuskþismeTAnwgelakxaglicd¾TMenIbeLIy. BYkeKKitfa buKÁl EdlR)afñakarseRmcGrhnþkñúgCatienH nwgRBegIycMeBaHsgÁm ehIybuKÁl EdlRbtibtþitb³KWCabuKÁlGataµniym dUecñHBYkeKGHGag famaKa’BuT§sasna )ankat;pþac;ecjBIsuxumalPaBsgÁmTaMgRsug edayBit .

\riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ CakarBit GPismacarBuT§sasnaefrvaTenH KWTak;TgeTAnwg

suxumalPaBsgÁm RBmTaMgGakb,kiriyarbs;xøÜnÉgpÞal;pgEdr. dUecñH eXIjfamansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkareQVgyl;nUvCMenO nigkar RbRBwtþrbs;BuT§sasnikefrvaT . ´sUmniyayfa BitNas;buKÁl RtUvBwgBak;elIxøÜnÉg ¬ Gtþa hi Gtþena naefa ¦ b:uEnþbuKÁlk¾RtUveFVI edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;GñkdéTpgEdr. \riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþTaMg Lay KWedIm,IsuxumalPaB nigesckþIsuxrbs;GñkdéT BIeRBaHelak

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eBjcitþcMeBaH\riyabfrbs;RBHBuT§ RBmTaMgeBaFistVpgEdr. eTaH bICaya:genHkþI BuT§sasnikefrvaTmanCMenOfa edIm,ICYydl;GñkdéT mincaM)ac;taMgcitþtammaKa’eBaFistVeLIy BIeRBaHfaRbsinebIBYkeK GacmanlT§PaBeFVI[seRmceKaledA nigbnÞM)armIkñúgCatienHpÞal; BYkeKk¾GacCYyGñkdéT kñúgCatienH)anpgEdr ehIyPaBeCaKC½y xagsµartIrbs;elak k¾nwg)anCaRbeyaCn_sRmab;GñkdéT . dUecñH BuT§sasnikmYycMnYnenaH BMucg;rg;caMry³eBlyUr rhUtdl;CatieRkay sRmab;karEsVgrkkarRtas;dwg¬seRmcFm’¦enaHeLIy BYkeKman CMenOfa vamanlkçN³l¥RKb;RKan; sRmab;PaBeCaKC½y ¬karRtas; dwg ¦ pÞal;xøÜnkñúgCatiCabc©úb,nñ edIm,ICYydl;GñkdéT nigCaRbeyaCn_ cMeBaHsuxumalPaBsgÁmpgEdr . RBHGrhnþBüayamGs;BIkmøaMgkaycitþ edIm,IceRmInesckþIl¥ ceRmIn)armInigbBaØa. karGPivDÆEbbenH CakarBit kalebIbuKÁl )aneXIj\riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ tYya:gdUcRBHGannÞ elak)ankøay Ca]bdæak ¬GñkbeRmI¦ pÞal;rbs;RBHsm<úT§. enAeBlEdlRBHBuT§ RTg;Kg;FrmanenAeLIy RBHGannÞ elakRKan;EtCaesatabnñbuKÁl bu:eNÑaH. elakCab;rvl;xVl;xVay cMeBaHsuxumalPaBrbs;GñkdéT EdlCaehtuueFIV[elakBMumaneBlRKb;RKan; sRmab;seRmcmKÁpl bEnßmeTot rhUtdl;RBHBuT§RTg;cUlRBHbriniBaVn. kñúg]TahrN_enH BuT§sasnikeCOfa enAeBlbuKÁlkan;Etyl;c,as;nUvsPavFm’Bit R)akd buKÁlenaHkan;Etmanemtþa kruNacMeBaHGñkdéT.

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buKÁlnwgmanemtÁaFm’d¾BitR)akd BMuEmnCaemtÁa EdlCab; CMBak;edaytNðaRBmTaMgkruNaBitR)akd BuMEmnCakruNaRbkbeday esckIÁesAhµg ehIybuKÁlenaHnwgykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHesckIÁsux nigsuxumalPaBrbs;GñkdéT edaymeFüa)ayepSg². enHBIeRBaH buKÁlenaHÉg)anyl;c,as;nUvTukçsc©³ EdlmnusSTaMgGs;P½yxøac BMu h‘anRbQm nigyl;c,as;nUvesckIþsuxd¾éRkElg EdlmnusSRKb; rUbEtgeBjcitþ. ´h‘ansnµt;fa RBHGrhnþTaMgLaymancitþesam- nsSrIkray cMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm eRBaHelakeBareBjeday kruNa RBmTaMgcUlcitþcMNayeBlpÞal;xøÜn edIm,IesckIþsuxrbs; stVelak. b:uEnþman]eTÞskfamYy hak;dUcCamanTuTidæiniym )anriH Kn; nigvinicä½ycMeBaHbuKÁl EdlBüayameFIV[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHFm’ ¬karRtas;dwg¦edayxøÜnÉgenaH. GñkniBn§CnCati\NÐamñak; eQµaH FI r vI murti (T.R.V Murti) )anniyayfa : RBHGrhnþtMkl;citþmaMcMeBaH EtkarseRmcxøÜnÉgb:ueNÑaH elakBMuEdlskmµedIm,ICaRbeyaCn_ RBm TaMgsuxumalPaBrbs;GñkdéTeLIy. ]tþmKtirbs;RBHGrhnþ eBar eBjedayPaBGatµaniym ehIymanEtkarlak;xøÜnbMBYnGatµa eday elakxøacfa BiPBelakenHnwgTb;elakTuk RbsinebIelaksßitenA ry³eBlyUr 1 :. ´sUmniyayfaesckIþEføgkarN_enH KWBMuGacTTYl

1 T.R.V Murti said that “The Arhant rests satisfied with achieving his own private salvation. He is not necessarily and actively interested in the welfare of others. The ideal of theArhant smacks of selfish; and there is even a lurking fear that the world would take hold of him if he tarried here too long.”

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yk)aneLIy sRmab;buKÁlEdlsÁal;BI\riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ cMeBaHesckIþsuxrbs;stVelakBitR)akd.

BuT§sasna nig RTwsþItb³ elIsBIenHeTAeTot BuT§sasnak¾RtUv)aneKriHKn;faCasasna

tb³ tamBitBuT§sasna BuMEmnCasasnadUcBMenalxagelIeLIy. tb³niym KWCakarRbtibtþieFVIxøÜn[lM)ak Cavin½yrbs;sasna. enA eBlEdlbuKÁlkøayxøÜnCatabs CaTUeTAeRcInEtRBegIycMeBaHBiPB elak ehIyRbtibtþitammaKa’twgrwg dUcCaeFVIxøÜnÉg[lM)ak [QW cab;CaedIm. eTaHbICaRBHsiT§tß )anRbtibtþitammaKa’enaHedayesay Gahartic nigrhUtdl;Gt;esayesaH muneBlRBHGgÁ)anRtas;dwg CaRBHBuT§kþI. Casrubmk RBHGgÁ)anRcanecalkarRbRBwtþenaH bnÞab; BIRBHGgÁ)anRtas;dwg faminEmnCamaKa’naMeTArkkarrMlt;TukçeLIy. eRkayBIRBHsiT§tß)ankøayCaRBHBuT§ehIy RBHGgÁ)anRtas;fa maKa’ rbs;RBHGgÁKWmaKa’kNþal¬Middle Way¦EdlTak;TgnwgmUldæan énesckþIsuxrbs;sgÁm. tamry³maKa’enH KWRBHGgÁ)anRcanecal pøÚvGmsgxagBIrKW³ Fm’NaEdleFVI[Cab;CMBak;edaykam ¬kamsux løikanueyaK =Self-Indulgence) nigFm’NaEdlRbkberOy² edayesckIþlM)akdl;xøÜn¬GtþkilmfanueyaK =Self-Mortificat-

ion). dUecñH maKa’CamUldæanrbs;RBHBuT§sasna KWCamaKa’kNþal EdlnaMeTAkan;esckþIsux nigsnþiPaB RBmTaMgkarGPivDÆeq<aHeTArk esckþIsuxxagkñúg ¬pøÚvcitþ¦ enaHÉg .

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mUldæanénGPismacarBuT§sasna edIm,Iecosvagkaryl;xus cMeBaHkarRbtibtþiBuT§sasnaenaH

caM)ac;Nas; kñúgkareQVgyl;RTwsþImaKa’kNþal¬mCÄimmKÁ ¦ niglkç x½NÐmunrbs;va. buKÁlnwgyl;kan;Etc,as; GMBIRbB½n§GPismacar rbs;BuT§sasnaTaMgmUlenH KWBwgEp¥keTAelIGdægÁikmKÁ nigl½kçx½NÐ rbs;vaenaHÉg.

maKa’GgÁR)aMbId¾RbesIrenH ńwgelIkykmkBiPakSalMGitenA eBleRkay bu:EnþGVIEdlCalkç½x½NÐedImrbs;vaenaH ? enHCaBakürbs; RBHsm<úT§ : mñalPikçúTaMgLay¡ manlkçx½NÐBIr sRmab;;karekIteLIg énsmµaTidiæ . BIrenaHKWGVI ? karpþl;eyabl;l¥dl;Gñkd¾éT ¬breta eXaesa¦ nig eyaniesamnsikar . ktþadMbUgmann½yfa buKÁlKYr esBKb;CamYysb,úrs nigklüaNmitþ/ TIBIrKWkarBicarNaeday ])ayd¾RbéB b¤KitGVIEdlCarbs;viC¢man ]TahrN_fa ekµgRbusmñak; )aneFVI[EbkEkvedayécdnü ¬Gectna¦ eRBaH®sþICamþayenaHRbkb edayGPismacarBuT§sasnax<s; mþayekµgenaH )anniyayeLIgfa kMuxVl;ma:k;nwgTijfµImYyeTot. karN_enH nagniyayedIm,IlYgelam ekµgEdlkMBugEtPitP½y eRBaHxøÜn)aneFVIeGay EkvEbkedaykar eFVsRbEhs. kñúgcMeNamktþaTaMgBIrenH ktþaTImYycat;TukCa briyakasxageRkA cMENkÉktþaTIBIr KWCal½kçx½NÐxagkñúg. RBH- d¾manRBHPaKRTg;manbnÞÚlfa ktþaTaMgBIrenHKWCaehtu b¤RbFanén

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maKa’GgÁR)aMbId¾RbesIr eRbobdUcCaeBlRBwkRBham EtgEtedIrmun RBHGaTitürHeLIgdUecñHEdr .

karGnuvtþGPismacarBuT§sasnakñúgsgÁm GPismacarCaEpñkmYyénTsSn³viC¢a EdlTak;TgnwgsIlFm’ kñúgsgÁm. eyagtamsMdIelak )arUC eR)aDI ¬Baruch Brody¦

)anniyayfa : sasnaKWCavis½yd¾sMxan;mYyepSgeTot sRmab;CIvit mnusS EdlCajwkjab;Tak;TgnwgTsSn³viC¢a. mnusSPaKeRcInEtg RtUv)anTTYlkarGb;rMtamEbbCMenOsasnad¾Cak;lak; ehIyCMenOenH manGVI²d¾sMxan;CaeRcIn sRmab;rebobrbbrs;enArbs;mnusS. kal edImeLIy CMenOsasnaBMuEmnCaRbFanbT sRmab;saksYreRcIneBk eT BIeRBaHmnusSesÞIrEtTaMgGs;kñúgsgÁm kan;CMenOdUcKña. krNIdUc enH minmanteTAeToteT : sgÁmmnusSbc©úb,nñ pÞúyeTAedayCMenO sasna nigkarRbtibtþiepSg²Kña dUecñHsMnYrCaeRcInGacRtUv)aneKdak; sRmab; CaRbeyaCn_dl;sgÁmTaMgmUl. TIenHeyIgsUmbgðajsMnYr dUcCafa ³ etIGPismacaCYydl; ¬TidæiPaB¦ énCIvitkñúgsgÁm dUc emþcxøH? GPismacarBuT§sasna CYydl;sgÁmdUc)anBiBN’naenATMB½r xagedImrYcmkehIy. GPismacarenH KWmanTMnak;TMngCamYybuKÁl sgÁm nigsIlFm’ . enAkñúgesovePAenH RKbdNþb;edayGPisma car5EpñkdUcCa³ 1-TsSn³Tak;TgnwgkareFVIviPaKTanRTBü nig smÖar³niym 2-c,ab;kmµpl 3- sIlFm’BuT§sasna nigsgÁm

23

sm½yTMenIb 4-rebobrs;enA¬mKÁúeTsn_CIvit¦ 5- smiT§iplsgÁm nigsµartI . CadMbUg ńwgBiPakSaGMBICMenOkñúgBuT§sasna EdlTak; TgnwgkareFVIviPaKTanRTBüsm,tþidl;GñkdéT kñúgRbeTsGñkkan; BuT§sasna .

24

CMBUk1

GPismacar nigkareFIVviPaKTan enAkñúgRbeTsénGñkkan;BuT§sasna RKb;CMhandMbUgénkar

Rbtibtiþ KWkarbric©aKTan. BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa kar[Tanman \T§iBl eFIV[mnusSecHrs;enAcuHsRmugKñaenAkñúgsgÁm. tamTidæPaB xagsasna planisgSénkar[Tan sRmab;buKÁlEdl)aneFIVenaH CaKuNUbkar³d¾elIslb;. ehIykuslenHÉg nwgnaMbuKÁlenaHceRmIn eLIgnUv)armI¬esckIþl¥¦ RBmTaMg)aneTAekItkñúgTId¾x<g;x<s; mansßan sYK’CaedIm. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday vamansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkar [TanCaRbRktInigRtwmRtUv ebImindUecñHeT kar[enaHnwgeTACamin manPaBsuRkit RBmTaMgGacTTYlnUvkarriHKn;pgEdr ]TahrN_fa manekµgmñak;cg;eFIVTan bu:EnþvaKµanGIVTal;EtesaH sRmab;RbeKnRBH sgÇ ehIyvaeTAlYcRTBürbs;GñkdéT edIm,IykmkRbeKnRBHsgÇ . kñúgkrNIenH TegVIrbs;ekµgenaHCaTegVImaneTasKYrriHKn; ebIeTaHCa vamanectnaCakuslk¾eday. maK’aénkarRbtibtþi KWkar[TanenH KWTak;TgedaypÞal;CamYytémø nigesckþIsuxrbs;sgÁm edayEp¥k elIsIlFm’ GPismacar b¤jaNsm,yutþ. eyIgCaRBHsgÇ KYrelIkTwkcitþdl;RKhsß kñúgkar[TanenH ehIyeyIgeCOCak;fa kar[TanmanRbeyaCn_ nigsar³sMxan;y:ag rs;revIkcMeBaHBuT§sasna. TsSn³énkar[TanenH sMedAdl;lkçN³

25

Biessrbs;sIl b¤faCaRbePTénTegVI EdlGaceFVI[buKÁlkat;bnßy PaBGatµaniym. TidæPaBénkarminRbkan;xøÜn nigminCab;CMBak;eday RTBüsm,tþi bNþal[buKÁlrwtEtmanesckþIsux CamYyRTBüTaMgenaH ehIyGac)anseRmcFm’Can;x<s; enATIbMputeTotpg. kar[TanenH nwgpþl;planisgS EdlCakuslkmµrbs;xøÜn dUcCakarrs;enAbribUN’ edayRTBüsm,tþi nigPaBCaGñkmanPBVvasnal¥ TaMgkñúgbc©úb,nñnig GnaKtCati.

karBicarNaGMBIRTBüsm,tþi nigPaBRkIRk enAkñúgRBHBuT§sasna karmanRTBüsm,tþi b¤PaBRkIRkrbs; buKÁlmñak;² KwGaRs½yeTAelIkmµBIGtItkal nigbc©úb,nñrbs;buKÁl enaH² edayxøÜnÉgpÞal;. BuT§sasnikmanPaBP½yxøac cMeBaHkar ekItCa mnusSRkIRkkMst;TuK’t dUecñHeTIbeKxitxMeFVITanKµansÞak;esÞIr kñúgcitþ cMeBaHkareFIVTanenaH edaymansT§aeCOCak;y:agcas;køafa sb,úrisTanEdlxøÜn)aneFVIehIy man\T§anuPaB[BYkeKmanPaB cMrugceRmInrugerOg nigeCaKC½ykñúgCIvitrbs;xøÜn. karEckrMElk RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn KwCakarbMeBjnUvTan)armI EdlCakarsnSM nUvesckþIl¥ ehIykarsnSMenHÉg eFVI[mnusSeyIgGackat;bnßy )annUvelaP³ KwesckþICab;CMBak; elaPln;Bn;RbmaNkñúgRTBü sm,tþirbs;xøÜn minEtb:ueNÑaH Gac[xøÜnTTYl)annUvCatikMeNIt d¾RbesIreTotpg. edaykarsnSMnUvTan)armIenHCaerOy² enATI bMputnwgnaM[buKÁlenaH )anseRmcnUvkarRtas;dwg. BuT§sasnik

26

k¾manCMenOEdrfa karEckrMElkRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn eTA[GñkdéT KWCaesckþIl¥¬kusl¦ EdlGaceFVI[ ekItmanesckþIesamnsS suxsnþiPaB TaMgGñk[TaMgGñkTTYl ¬bdiKÁahk³¦ ehIypla- nisgSénkareFVITanenHeTotesat k¾CaesckþIsuxdumrmna nigkar ÉkPaBKñakñúgsgÁmmnusSeTotpg. GPismacarBuT§sasna CMruj[mnusSmanRTBüsm,tþi tam smµaGaCIBKWkarciBa©wmCIvitRtUv R)ascakkarlYcbøn; qe)akedaysMdI CaedIm. kalebImanRTBüsm,tþiehIy buKÁlGacnwgpþl;b¤pÁt;pÁg; smaCikRKYsar nigmatabita edayvtßúcaM)ac;RtUvGaRs½ydUcCa Gahar eRKOgesøókBak; TICRmk nigfñaMEkeraK RBmTaMgfvikasRmab;karGb;rM dl;buRtFItaCaedIm. eyIgBMucaM)ac;mankarelaPln; cMeBaHRTBü sm,tiþeBkenaHeT BIeRBaHvasßitenAeRkamGnic©taFm’ nigRbQm cMeBaHGnþray5y:agKW³ TwkCMnn;1 ePøIgeqH1 karrwbGUsykeday raCkar1 ecarlYcbøn;1 nigkaresBKb;)abmitþ1 . ehtuenH vaCa karRbesIrNas; sRmab;buKÁlEdlR)afñaeFIVTan xN³eBlEdlRTBü rbs;xøÜnsßitenAkñúgéd. BuT§sasnikRKb;rUb EtgEtbeBa©jTsSn³Ebb enH dUecñHehIyeTIbBYkeKxitxMsgVat»hat edayBMuxøacenOyht;kñúg karbMeBjkgkarkuslTaMgLay mankar[TanenHCaedIm. kar[GMeNaydl;buKÁlEdlRtUvkar KWCakarRbtibtiþd¾]tþúgÁ ]tþm kñúgBuT§sasnaefrvaT. kar[RKb;RTg;RTayTaMgGs; RtUv)an TTYlkarsresIr edayPkIþPaBy:agRCaleRCA ehIymanply:ag éRkElg EdlminGacnwgKNnaTukCamun)an. karminCab;CMBak;

27

énGñk[RtUv)ansEmþgecj nigGnuvtþ ehIyesckIþl¥rbs;Gñk[nwg rwtrwgEtceRmIneLIg EdlnwgGaceFIV[buKÁlenaH rwtEtrIkrayCamYy RTBüsm,tiþkñúgCatiCaGnaKtpg. tamRbéBNIBuT§sasnaefrvaT eKaledAd¾sMxan;énkarbric©aK Tan KWkarpÁt;pÁg;dl;PikçúsgÇ edayBYkTayk-Tayika. enHBMuEmn mann½yfa ])ask-])asika GaceFIVkusl)anEtkñúgvtþGaramenaH eT. CakarBit kar[TaneKGaceFIV)anRKb;TIkEnøgTaMgGs; dUcCa enAmnÞIreBTü salaeron mCÄmNÐlekµgkMRBa b¤dl;CnTuK’tCaedIm .l. b:uEnþeTaHCay:agNak¾eday enAkñúgGtItkalvtþGaram CakEnøg sikSaGb;rM CakEnøgbNþúHbNþalCMnajepSg² dUcCaCag sil,³ k,ac;cmøak;CaedIm nigCakEnøgEdl])ask ])asikaBiPakSa nigsþab; Fm’Gaf’-l. dUecñH vtþGaramhak;dUcCakEnøgEtmYyKt; EdlmnusS TUeTAeFIVkgkarkuslepSg²mankar[TanenHCaedIm. enAmanTsSn³ mYyeTot EdlEtgEtsßitenAkñúgcitþrbs;BuT§sasnikKW RbsinebIBYk eK[RTBüsm,tiþrbs;xøÜndl;buKÁlmansIl BYkeKnwgrwtEtTTYl)an planisgS y:agRbesIreBalKWesckIþsuxenHÉg. ehtuenH CaTUeTA BuT§sasnik kan;EtykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkar[Tan sRmab;karsag sg;vtþGaram nigkapÁt;pÁg;RBHPikçúsgÇ BIeRBaHeKeCOfaRBHsgÇman sIlFm’x<g;x<s;CagGñkdéTTaMgGs;. b:uEnþeTaHCaya:genHk¾eday k¾ BYkeKeRtkGrcMeBaHkareFIVTandl;CnkMst;TuK’t BIeRBaHBYkeKman karGaNitGasUr nigmanesckIþkruNadl;CnTaMgenaH. BitNas; kruNaFm’CasIlFm’RKwHrbs;BuT§sasna.

28

\riyabfrbs;BuT§sasnikcMeBaHRTBüsm,tiþ nigPaBRkIRk ´sUmniyayfaPaBRkIRk nigPaBsm,Úrsb,ayedayRTBü sm,tiþ manPaBpÞúyKñadac;RsLHtamEpñkesdækic© b:uEnþmanTMnak; TMngKñaedayRTwsIþvij KWCnRkIRkEtgEtmancMNg;cg;)anRTBüsm,tiþ t,itxøÜnBMumanlT§PaBEsVgrkbc©½y CaeRKOgGaRs½y)andUcCaGahar semøókbMBak; TICRmk nigfñaMsgáÚvsRmab;EkeraK.l. tamn½y BuT§sasna )ancat;TukvtßúTaMgbYny:agenH CatRmUvkarcaM)ac;sRmab; CIvit. CnRkIRkRtUvkarRTBüsm,tiþ eRBaHPaBxVHxat b:uEnþGñkman RTBüsþúksþmÖ k¾RtUvkarRTBüEfmeTot dUcCaLan TMenIb viLasáwmésá RBmTaMgcg;)anPriyad¾Rss;s¥at1rUbpgEdr. BYkeKBMusáb;sál;cMeBaH RTBüsm,tiþEdlxøÜnmaneLIy dUecñHGñkRknigGñkmannwgenAEtBMuman tulüPaBnwgKñadEdl. sBVéf¶ PaBeRskXøankMBugEtekIneLIgya:gxøaMg. tamkar RsavRCavxagEpñkesdækic© BIrPaKbIénGRtaRbCaCnBiPBelak kMBug rgTukçBIkgVHxatGaharUbtßmÖ edaysarPaBRkIRk nigrgTukçya:gKYr[ GaeNacGaFm BIeRBaHEtGtulüPaBkñuúgviPaKTanRTBüsm,tþi nig RbPBFnFan. BYkeKkMBugEtxVHxatnUvbc½©y CatRmUvkarsRmab;kar pÁt;pÁg;rs;enA ehIyBYkeKrs;enAeRkambnÞat;PaBRkIRk enAkñúgxN³ eBlEdlGñkmanmYycMnYntUc rs;enAkñúgRbNItPaB eBareBjeday GaharUbtßmÖd¾elIslb;. dUecñHkarbeRmIbRmas;tichYs nigeRcInhYs RbmaN )ankøayCabBaðasRmab;sgÁmnaeBlbc©úb,nñenH.

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tamFmµCati tRmUvkarrbs;mnusSmñak; KWKµanTIbBa©b;enaHeT . CalT§pl vahak;dUcCaBi)akNas; kñúgkareFIV[mantulüPaBrvag Gñkman nigGñkRk eRBaHehtuenH´sUmniyayfa BuT§sasnaminGac edaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH[)anCak;lak;eT. BuT§sasnikCn min)an BüayamkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaenH[eBjeljeT eRBaHBYkeKeCOfa erOgenHKWmkBIkmµ ¬KWkarRbRBwtþrbs;buKÁlmñak;²¦ kñúgGtItkal nig bc©úb,nñenH. dUecñH vamankarBi)akkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaenH eBalKW karbegáIt[mantulüPaBrvagGñkRknigGñkman. b:uEnþBuT§sasnikCn )anBüayamCYydl;CnRkIRk kñúgkarbMeBjnUvtRmUvkarrbs;BYkeK ehIyBüayamEckrMElknUvRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜndl;CnTaMgenaH. kar RbRBwtþEbbenH RtUv)anTTYlkarsresIrya:gxøaMg BIsMNak;BuT§sas nikCnTUeTA. BuT§sasnikCn )anGnuvtþkar[TanenH taMgBIeBlEdlRBH BuT§RTg; Kg;RBHFrmanenAeLIyem:øH. eyageTAtamRbvtþisa®srbs; BuT§sasna enAstvtSTI5munRKisþskraC CMnYjnigBaNiC¢kmµman karGPivDÆya:gsem,ImenAkñúgRbeTs\NÐa. BYkGñkeFIVdMeNIrtam reTHFM² )aneFIVdMeNIrBIkEnøgmYyeTAkEnøgmYy BIRbeTsmYyeTA RbeTsmYyeTot manBYkBaNiC¢kr BYkGñk[cgkarR)ak;CaedIm. RbsinebIbuKÁlNa)andwgBIrebobrkR)ak;enaH eKnwgkøayCaesdæICa minxan. sav½krbs;RBHBuT§mñak; EdlCaGñksagvtþeCtBnCaTIkEnøg EdlRBHBuT§GgÁRTg;Kg;caMvsSaeRcInCagkEnøgdéT KWCaRKhsßman eQµaHfa suTtþ . Kat;EtgEt[Tandl;CnTuK’t CnGnafa CaedIm

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eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbmnusSRKb;KñaEtgEtehAKat;fa {GnafbiNÐik{ mann½yfaGñkciBa©wmCnRkIRkGnafa. eTaHbICaBuT§sasna BMu)anCMruj[eyIgCab;CMBak;kñúgRTBü- sm,tþik¾eday EtBuT§sasna)anGb;rMeyIg[rlas;xøÜnecjBIPaBRkIRk BIeRBaHfaPaBRkIRkenHehIy eFIV[eyIgCYbRbTHnUvbBaðalM)akCaeRcIn kñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶. enAeBlEdlbuKÁlFøak;xøÜnRkIRk buKÁlBMuGacpÁt; pÁg;RKYsarrbs;xøÜn manGahar eRKOgesøókBak; TICRmk nigfñaM sRmab;EkeraKCaedIm)aneLIy b¤[kUnTTYl)ankarGb;rMl¥ RKYsar TaMgmUlTTYlrgTukçedayRbkarepSg² rhUtdl;manCMBak;bMNuleK k¾man. RTBüsm,tþikan;EtfycuH CIvitkan;EtCYbbBaðalM)akeRcIn eLIg² ehIyxN³eBlm©as;bMNulTar ehIyBMuMmanlT§PaBsgeK tameBlkMNt;enaH m©as;bMNulnwgtamyayIkñúgTIsaFarN_. dUecñH BuT§sasnik)ancat;Tukfa PaBRkIRkCaRbPBénesckIþTukç TaMgpøÚvkay nigpøÚvcitþkñúgCIvit b¤faCaRbPBénesckIþGaRkk;RKb;ya:g. etIBuT§sasnaeqøIytbcMeBaHbBaðaesdækic©edayrebobNa?

BuT§sasna)ansgát;F¶n;fa caM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarEsVgrkRTBü sm,tþi ehIyeRbIR)as;tamsmKYr RBmTaMgkarEckrMElkdl;GñkdéT pgEdr. EteTaHCaya:gNa RTBüsm,tþienaH² RtUvEtrk)anmkeday Rsbc,ab; enHmann½yfa)anmkedayminqe)ak KMramkMEhg eRbI GMNacrMelaPbMBanCaedIm. BuT§sasna )aneqøIytbcMeBaHbBaðaesdæ kic© edaykaremIleXIjbBaðaPaBRkIRknigPaBsm,ÚrhUrehor enHKW eRBaHEtFnFanesdækic©minesµIPaBKña. edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkard¾xøaMgkøa

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rbs;xøÜn mnusSmñak;²)anykcitþTukdak;Et cMeBaHRbeyaCn_rbs; xøÜnpÞal; ehIyeRbIviFIepSg²TaMgRsbc,ab;xøH minRsbc,ab;xøH edIm,I TTYl)anRbeyaCn_enaH². edaysarRbB½n§esdækic© BMumantulüPaB enHehIy eTIbGRtaRbCaCnGt;Xøan ecHEtekIneLIgkñúgBiPBelak sBVéf¶enH. BuT§sasnaCanimitþrUbmFüm¬kNþal¦ )anbeRgonmnusS[ sÁal;RbmaNkñúgkareRbIR)as;RTBü nigRbB½n§énkarEckrMElkFnFan esdækic©dl;KñaeTAvijeTAmk. edIm,I[kan;Etc,as; ´sUmelIkerOg mkCUnCabTBicarNadUcxageRkamenH - sm½ymYy RBHraCanam besnTiekasl )aneTAKal;RBHd¾manRBHPaK eRkayBIesayePaCn ya:geRcIn ehIymanGarmµN_gguypÞMú BMuRsYlRBHkaypg kñúgxN³ EdlKg;enAQmnwgRBHP½®kþCamYyRBHsasþa. RKaenaH RBHsm<úT§RTg; )anRbTan»vaT GMBIRbeyaCn_énkardwg nigsÁal;RbmaN kñúgkar briePaK ehIyRBHGgÁk¾)anTUnµandl;RBHraCapgEdr kñúgkarkat;bnßy GahartamsmKYr nigEckrMElkGaharenaH² RBmTaMgRBHraCRTBü dl;CnRkIRkkMst;TuK’tpg. eRkayBI)ansþab;BueT§avaTenHehIy RBH raCamanGarmµN_l¥Rss;føa RsYlRBHkayeLIgvij. TIbMputRBH GgÁ)anEckrMElkRBHraCRTBüdl;GñkkMst;TuK’t CnGnafa kñúgRBH nKrrbs;RBHGgÁ tamBuT§»vaTRbkbedayesckIþRCHføa rIkrayCaBn; RbmaN. eyIgeCOfaRTBüsm,tþienH Kwmin)anbBa©b;nUvkarbMeBjesckIþ RtUvkarrbs;xøÜn)anedayÉkÉgenaHeLIy KµannrNamñak;GacbMeBj

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tRmUvkarrbs;xøÜnedayFmµCati)aneLIy. buKÁlenaH² eRbIR)as;nUv RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜnya:gQøasév edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_xøÜnnigGñkdéT. dUecñHBuT§sasnikCn EtgEtniyayfa karEsVgrkRTBüsm,tþiKW edIm,I pÁt;pÁg;RkumRKYsar[rs;enARsYlpg nigecHCYyGñkdéTpg RbsinebI GaceFIVeTA)an enAeBlcaM)ac;NamYy ehIyRtUvecHbMeBjnUvkatBV kic©sgÁmnigsasnapgEdr. eyagtamBuT§sasna buKÁlEdlman bMNgEsVgrkRTBüsm,tþi KYrRtab;tamstVXµúMEdlEsVgrkpáa ehIy eRkbyklm¥gpáamkeFIVCasMbukbnþicmþg² rhUtdl;sMbukenaHRtUv )aneFIVehIyrYcral;. enAeBlEdlRTBürbs;buKÁlekIneLIg buKÁl KYrEteRbIR)as;vaCabYnPaKKw BIrPaKsRmab;eFIVvinieyaK eBalKWkar sagsg;pÞH karGb;rMdl;buRtFIta nigsRmab;karFanara:b;rgesva suxPaBCaedIm mYyPaKeTotKWsRmab;Gahar eRKOgesøókBak; ehIy mYyPaKcugeRkay KwsRmab;snSMTukkñúgFnaKarCakEnøgmansuvtßiPaB sRmab;TukkarBareRKaHGasnñ EdlnwgGacekItmaneLIgeTAéf¶mux2.

\riyabfkñúgkar[ nigkarTTYl BYkBuT§sasnikCn)anniyayfa kar[TanenHKWminRtwmEt[

b:ueNÑaHeTEtk¾TTYlpgEdr. enHmann½yfa RKhsß)anRbeKnnUv smÖar³epSg² CaGamisTandl;RBHsgÇ ehIyedayELk RBHsgÇ

2/ eyagtamesovePAGanisgS30fa ³ 1/ edaHbMNulcas;KWciBa©wmmatabita 2/ bulbMNulfIµKWciBa©wmbuRt 3/ kb;TukkñúgEpndIKWeFIVTan 4/ bg;kñúgeRCaHKWbg; kñúgTVarTaMg6 manTVarmat;CaedIm.

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k¾)an[TanKWFmµTan dl;BYkRKhsßvijEdr. kñúgTidæPaBEbbenH BYk RKhsßk¾manesckIþrIkray kñúgkarGnuvtþ[TanenH BIeRBaHBYkeKKit fa enHCa»kasmYyya:gRbesIr sRmab;BYkeKkñúgkarsEmþgnUvkar eKarBbUCacMeBaHRBHsgÇ CabuKÁlmanKuNFm’KYrbUCa. eRBaHCMenOenH ehIy eTIbBYkeKnaMKñasagGMeBICakusl mankar[TanenHCaedIm. BitNas; TaMgRKhsß nigRBHsgÇ)anTTYlRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk sRmab;karRbtibtþiKWkar[TannigkarTTYlTan enH. TanmanBIrya:gCamUldæanKW TI1 GamisTan )andl;kar[ smÖar³eRbIR)as;dUcCaGahar semøókbMBak; pÞHsEm,g ¬esnasn³¦ nigfñaMEkeraK.l. CaTUeTATanenHKWBYkRKhsßCaGñkRbtibtþi. TI2 KwFmµTan )andl;kar[Fm’CaTan mandUcCakarsMEdgFmµeTsna kar e)aHBum<esovePAFm’ EckCaFmµTan .l. TanTaMgBIrenH RtUv)an eKGnuvtþya:gTUlMTUlayenAkñúgBuT§sasna. enAeBlBuT§sasnikCn[Tan BYkeKmaneKalbMNgepSg² GaRs½yeTAtamlkçN³rbs;buKÁlerog²xøÜn. CatYya:g KMrUénkar[ TanBIrya:g xusKñaEdl)anGnuvtþedaybuKÁlBIrrUbKW GnafbiNÐik Edl)ansagvtþeCtBn;fVayRBHbrmsasþa nigRBH)aTevsSnþrEdl )anbric©aKnUvRBHraCRTBü GKÁmehsI buRtabuRtI nigdMrIsbc©½ynaeKn KWedIm,IbMeBjnUvTan)armI. kñúgcMeNambuKÁlTaMgBIrenH GnafbiNÐik [Tan edIm,I)ankMeNItd¾RbesIr nigR)afña[)anseRmcFm’Can;x<s; Etb:ueNÁaH. cMENkÉRBH)aTevsSnþrvij [TanedIm,IbMeBj)armIkñúg kar)anRtas;CaRBHsBVBaØÚBuT§ nigdwknaMstVelak[rlas;xøÜnecjput

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BIesckIþTukçTaMgLay edayGMNacénmhakruNaTiKuNd¾RCaleRCA rbs;RBHGgÁ.

TMnak;TMngrvagRBHsgÇ nigRKhsß eyagtamvin½ybidk RBHsgÇBwgBak;RKhsßedaybc©½ybYn man cIvr biNÐ)aRt esnasn³ nig KilanePsC¢³ RBmTaMgbrikçar caM)ac;epSg²eTot. RBHsgÇTTYlcgðan;BITayk-Tayika enAeBl RBwkedaykarRtac;edIrbiNÐ)aRt b:uEnþCYnkalelak)anTTYlkarnimnþ eTAtampÞH edIm,ITTYlsgÇTanpgEdr. enHCaTMenomTmøab;rbs; BuT§sasnikCnefrvaT kñúgkarRbeKncgðan;biNÐ)aRt dl;RBHsgÇenA tampÞHrbs;xøÜn¬sgÇTan¦ b¤BYk])ask nig ])asikaGacnwgyk cgðan;eTARbeKnelakenAÉvtþGaram.l. karRbtibtþiEbbenH )an bgðaj[eXIjBIrebob EdlRBHsgÇmanTMnak;TMngKñaCamYyRKhsß CaRbcaMéf¶. ehIyenHCakarcaM)ac;Nas; sRmab;RBHsgÇkñúgkaryk citþTukdak;cMeBaHsb,úrsTan nigkarpÁt;pÁg;RbcaMéf¶rbs;BYkBuT§bris½T . RBHsgÇkan;EtxitxMBüayamceRmInnUvKuNFm’ CaesckIþl¥rbs;xøÜn edIm,IesckIþRCHføarbs;BuT§bris½T. dUecñH karnimnþRtac;edIrbiNÐ)aRt RbcaMéf¶ nigsb,úrsTanrbs;RKhsß )anqøúHbBa©aMgBITMnak;TMngKña eTAvijeTAmkrvagRBHsgÇnigBuT§bris½T. eyIgCasgÇmanTMnYlxusRtUvcMeBaHPaBsucrit esckIþéføfñÚr kñúgsgÁm CakartbsñgcMeBaHkarpÁt;pÁg;rbs;BuT§bris½T. TMnYlxus RtUvd¾Cak;lak;rbs;sgÇKWkareRbonRbedA karpþl;Gnusasn_dl;BuT§

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bris½T BIrebobrs;enARbkbedayPaBsucriteTogRtg; rs;enAkñúgPaB éføfñÚr smCasmaCikl¥mYyrUbrbs;sgÁm. karRbtibtþitamry³kar RbwkSarbs;BuT§bris½T GñkdwknaM Gñkrdæ)al GñkRKb;RKg nigsUm,Iesþc edIm,ICYyBYkeK[kan;EtmanKuNFm’ nigkarRbRBwtþedIm,ICaRbeyaCn_ dl;CnanuCnTaMgLay. {GñkRKb;RKgrdæ)al mankatBVkic©dak;KuN Fm’ nigtYnaTIedaysgÇwmfaxøÜnGnuvtþCak;Esþg sRmab;CaRbeyaCn_ dl;saFarNCn nigedIm,IkarGPivDÆ esckIþl¥rbs;buKÁlmñak;² nig sgÁmCatiTaMgmUl. BuT§sasna min)anCMruj[mnusSCab;Bak;B½n§nwgclnaneya )ayeT b:uEnþeTaHCaya:genHkIþRBHsgÇ BMu)anRBegIykenþIycMeBaHkar RbwkSadl;GñkdwknaMneya)ayeLIy dUcCaRBHraCa m®nþIrdæ)al CaedIm . eyagtamBuT§sasna RBHraCaRtUvRbkbedayFm’10ya:g b¤ehAfa TsBiFraCFm’ KW³ Tan1 sIl1 bric©aK³1 GaCöv³1 mTÞv³1 tb³1 GekáaF³1 GvihwgSa1 xnþI1 GvieraFn³1 3. ebIeTaHbICa TsBiFraCFm’enH sMedAykcMeBaHEtRBHraCa k¾eday b:uEnþFm’enHk¾KWsRmab;GñkdwknaMGnuvtþtamEdr dUecñHmann½y fam®nþIrdæ)alsaFarN³ k¾RtUvGnuvtþFm’enHpgEdr. Rtg;cMNucFm’ 10ya:genH TsSn³énkarEckrMElk¬bric©aK¦FnFan[GñkdéT Gac manTsSn³epSgKña rvagbUB’anigbc©wmRbeTs.

3/ TsBiFraCFm’TaMg10enH cUremIlesckIþBnül;enAkñúgesovePA RBH)aTFmµik rbs; FmµbNÐit ehg mNIcinþa eTotcuH.

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viPaKTan - TsSn³smÖarniym kñúgTsSn³bc©wmRbeTs BYksmÖarniymmanCMenOfa RTBü sm,tþi KYrEtRtUveRbIR)as;edIm,IbMeBj tRmUvkarrbs;mnusS. BYkeK KitfadMeNaHRsayd¾RtwmRtUvcMeBaHbBaðaKW edIm,IbMeBjesckIþRtUvkar rbs;mnusS. eyagtamsMdIelak Baruch Brody {smÖarniym KWCaRTwsþIGPismacarEdlBMuGacpøas;bþÚr)aneLIy }. mann½yfa vaTak;TgCamYynwgkarbegáItplitpl CaGtibrimasRmab;karbMeBj tRmUvkarrbs;mnusS. cMeBaHBYksmÖarniymenH sMnYrminEmnCa sMnYrényutþiFm’ smFm’ b¤siTi§mnusSeLIy pÞúyeTAvijvaCarebob ya:gsamBaØ kñúgkareFIVviPaKTanRTBüsm,tþicMeBaHsgÁm kñúgmeFüa )ayEdlbegáInGtibrma edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarrbs;mnusS. eKalkarN_CaesckIþsuxd¾elIslb; rbs;BYksmÖarniym KW edIm,ICYy[¬mnusS¦ seRmc)annUvesckIþsuxd¾elIslb; kñúgcMnYn ya:gsem,Im . eKeCOfabuKÁlEdlmanRTBüsm,tþieRcInmhasal KYrEtmankarEckrMElk dl;CnGñkmanRTBütictYcsþÜcesþIg. eTaHbI CaviPaKTand¾tictYck¾ Kg;)anCaCMnYydl;CnRkIRk edIm,IbegáInnUvesc kIþsuxrbs;BYkeK)anxøH²Edr. ]TahrN_ famanmnusSBIrnak;Edl manFnFanxusKña dUcCafabuKÁlmñak;manRTBümhasal EdlGac niyay)anrab;rylanduløar_ cMENkmñak;eTot manRTBütictYcNas; ¬mYyryduløar_¦. dUecñH ebIGñkmanenaH )an[R)ak;mYycMnYndl; GñkRkenaH buKÁlGñk[RKan;EtGs;R)ak;tictYcbMput b:uEnþGñkRk

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enaHvij TTYl)anR)ak;cMnYnd¾elIslb; EdleKGacbMeBjnUvtRmUv karrbs;xøÜn)anedaygay. ehtuenHelak Baruch Brody

eBalfa {RbsinebIkareFIVviPaKenaH TajykesckIþsniñdæan[)ansm ehtusmplenaH vanwgbgðajfa sgÁmKYrEtEbgEckRTBüsaCafIµ rhUtdl;mnusSRKb;Kña mancMnYnR)ak;esIµkñúgbrimaNCak;lak;NamYy enaH } b:uEnþBYksmÖarniymtictYcNas; Edl)anTTYlykesckIþ snñidæanenH. edayELk BuT§sasna )anelIkTwkcitþdl;GñkmanRTBüsþúk sþmÖ [EckrMElkRTBürbs;xøÜn [dl;CnRkIRkpg eRBaHfaTanCaTegVI EdlGac begáItplmanesckIþsux manRBHniBaVnCaTIbMput. b:uEnþeTaH Caya:genHkþI KµankarGHGagNamYyfa CnGñkmanRTBüsþúksþmÖGac nwgEckrMElkRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn rhUtdl;RKb;KñamancMnYnesIµKñaenaH eLIy. BuT§sasnikCneCOfa kmµrbs;buKÁlmñak;² Edl)aneFIVkñúg kalmun nwg[plepSg²Kña tYya:gmnusSmñak;CaGñk manpÞHsáwmésá nigRTBüsm,tþimhasal kñúgxN³EdlmnusSdéTCaeRcIn manpÞH tUcdUcxÞm ehIyKµanRTBüGIVTal;EtesaH. ýl;RsbCamYybuKÁl EdlxVl;xVaycMeBaHRTBürbs;xøÜn faetIKYrEteFIVkarbric©aK b¤TukCa sm,tþirbs;xøÜnEtmñak;Égdac;mux enHCaCeRmIsrbs;BYkeK. dUecñH eXIjfaBMuGaceFIVeTA)aneT kñúgkareFIV[mnusSRKb;KñamanRTBüsm,tþi esIµKña b¤Rbhak;RbEhlKñaenaH. sßanPaBrbs;buKÁlmñak;² BIGtIt Cati GacbNþal[BYkeKmansßanPaBxus²KñaEdr. TsSn³BuT§sa- snaRtg;cMNucenH RtUv)aneKsÁal;fa {kmµ { enHKWTsSn³kmµpl.

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dUecñH eTaHbICa\riyabfBuT§sasnikCn manlkçN³Rbhak;RbEhl KñaeTAnwgBYksmÖarniymk¾eday b:uEnþGPismacarrbs;BuT§sasna xusKñadac;RsLHBI\riyabfrbs;BYksmÖarniymedayBit.

cb;CMBUk1

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CMBUk2

karb®Ba¢abkmµTsSn³eTAkñúgsgÁm karbBa©ÚlTsSn³kmµpleTAkñúgsgÁm KWmanRbsiT§iPaB nig manRbeyaCn_ya:gsem,Im sRmab;BYkBuT§sasnikCnTUeTA RbsinebI buKÁl)anyl;GMBIrcnasm<½n§rbs;c,ab;kmµenH [)anRCaleRCA vanwg CYypþl;nUvcMeNHdwg kareQVgyl;GMBIBuT§»vaT sIþBIPaBRkRkInig PaB sMbUrrugerOg edayRTBüsm,tþikan;Etc,as;eLIgEfmeTot. eyag tams½BÞkñúgBuT§sasna kmµ CaPasa)alI b¤km’ CaPasasM®sáit esIµnwgBaküfa TegIV CaPasaExµr. TsSn³kmµplenH KWedAykTegIV RKb;ya:g EdlRbkbedayectna ehIyvanwghucpldl;GñkeFIVtam pøÚvNamYyCaR)akd. vi)ak¬pl¦exSayb¤xøaMg KWGaRs½yelITegIVedIm EdlRbkbedayectnaenaH. ebIRbsinectnarbs;buKÁlGñkeFIV man kmøaMgxøaMgkøa bnÞab;mkectnaenaH nwgbegIátnUvskmµPaBya:gxøaMgkøa ehIyskmµPaBenaH nwg[plekIneLIgxøaMgEdr. elIsBIenHeTAeTot eyIgeFIVkmµedaykay vaca citþ. CakarBit kmµCac,ab;ehtupl ¬Cause and Effect¦ b¤skmµPaB nigRbtikmµ. dUecñHRTwsIþkmµ plmanlkçN³xusKñaBIRTwsIþyutþiFm’ ¬Moral justice¦ b¤kar RbTanBr nigkardak;eTas ¬Reward and Punishment¦ EdlCab;Tak;Tg CamYyGaTieTB ¬God¦4. 4 RTwsþIEdlmanniyayenAkñúgsasnaRKIsþ ¬minEmnyutþiFm’kñúgRbB½n§tulakareLIy¦.

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RTwsIþényutþiFm’Tak;TgnwgTsSn³GaTieTB mnusSCaeRcIneCO fa RBHGaTieTBCaGñkbegIátc,ab; ehIyenAcaMkat;kIþvinicä½y faGIVRtUv GIVxus-l. TsSn³énkarRbTanBrnigkardak;eTas KWGaRs½yelIRBH GaTieTB. pÞúyeTAvij kmµCac,ab;;FmµCati Cab;CamYykmµenH KWCa skþanuBlénkar[plrbs;kmµ eBalKWmanehturEmgmanpl enHCa c,ab;rbs;FmµCati. kmµeRbob)annwgRKab;BUCEdlEtgpþl;Epø eRBaH ehtuenH kmµCac,ab;FmµCatimYy ehIyKµanGIVCab;Bak;B½n§CamYy TsSn³yutþiFm’ EdlRKb;RKgedayRBHGaTieTB b¤vtßúskþisiT§idéTenaH eLIy. ehtuenH cMeBaHBuT§sasnikCnTaMgLayvij karsÁal;fa nrNaCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHTegIVrbs;xøÜn eTIbCakarsMxan;Nas; RbesIrCagkardwgfanrNaCaGñkbegIátelak ehIyelakenHekIt eLIgenAeBlNa? eK)ansYreyIgjwkjab;fa etIehtuGIVmnusSxøHmanRTBüsþúk sþmÖ mnusSxøHTIT½lRk? ehtuGIVGñkxøH manrUbs¥at mansuxPaBl¥ mankIþsux kñúgxN³EdlGñkdéTmanrUbGaRkk; bribUN’edayBüaFi RbkbedaykIþTukç lM)akeTAvij? ehtuGIV)anCaFmµCatitRmUv[man lkçN³xus²KñadUecñH? cMeBaHsMnYrTaMgenH RTwsIþrbs;BuT§sasnaRtg; TsSn³kmµpl)anlatRtdagya:gBisþar. BuT§sasnasMEdgfa Kµan nrNamñak;GacekItmkedayKµanbuBVehtu nigvtþmanénbc½©ysMxan; mYycMnYnenaH)aneT. dUecñH Civitbc©úb,nñ KwCab;Tak;TgnwgCIvitkñúg GtIt edaymanehtuenHehIy eTIbmanCatifIµbnÞab;BIlHelakenH eTA. ehtubc©½yenH RtUv)aneKsÁal;tamRTwsþI {bdic©smub,aT }.

41

BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfa GaRkk; l¥ s exµArbs;buKÁlNamYy KW)anmkBIkarsageLIgrbs;buKÁlenaHedaypÞal; mann½yfabuKÁl sagsYK’ sagnrkedayxøÜnÉgya:gBitR)akd. eRBaHehtuenH sgÁm BuT§sasnik )andak;TsSn³kmµenH ya:gTUlMTUlaycUleTAkñúgkar gar BaNiC¢kmµ karGb;rM bBaðasgÁm nigkardMkl;xøÜnCaedIm.l.

BuT§sasnikCnrs;enAedaykmøaMgsµgrbs;xøÜn edIm,ITTYlykTsSn³kmµplenH KWRtUvrs;enAedaykmøaMg sµgrbs;xøÜn. enAeBlBYkBuT§sasnik cab;epIþmGaCIvkmµFuntUcb¤FM eKEtgEtnwkeXIjdl;GaTiPaBBIrya:gKW³ CadMbUg KWedIm,IeFIV[)an TTYleCaKC½yenaH KWm©as;GaCIvkmµenaH RtUvBwgEp¥kelIkarxitxMRbwg ERbg nigbTBiesaFn_rbs;xøÜn. TIBIr BaNiC¢krRtUvBwgeTAelIkmµrbs; xøÜnpgEdr. TsSn³enH nwgCYybuKÁl[rs;enAkñúgPaBs¶b;suxCamYy smaCikRKYsarrbs;xøÜn BIeRBaHfa RbsinebIBaNiC¢kmµ)anTTYleCaK C½y buKÁlnwgminmancitþRkGWtRkTmcMeBaHxøÜnÉg ehIyebIBaNiC¢ enaHmin)anTTYlPaBeCaKC½yvij buKÁlnwgminman karbenÞasxøÜnÉg b¤GñkdéTeLIy. GPismacar)anpþl;nUvmKÁúeTsk_y:agc,as;famantRmUvkar4ya:g sRmab;buKÁlEdlxVl;xVay kñúgkic©kareFIV[seRmceCaKC½y edayxøÜnÉgenaHKWTI1 buKÁlRtUvmanmrtkKWkmµkñúgGtIt nigbc©úb,nñ ¬bueBVktbuBaØta¦ ]TahrN_ ebIRbsinbuKÁlekItmkCaCnBikar dUcCa xVak;EPñkCaedIm eXIjfamanPaBlM)aksRmab;buKÁlenaH kñúgkarEsVg

42

rkPaBeCaKC½yEpñkGb;rM b¤BaNiC¢kmµ. edayeyagtamTsSn³BuT§- sasna BikarPaBEpñkragkay enHbNþalmkBIkmµkñúgbuBVCati. TI2 buKÁlRtUvrs;enAkñúgTId¾smKYr ¬bdirUbeTsvas¦ ]TahrN_ ebIRbsin buKÁlminman»kasrs;enAkµñúgTId¾smKYr sRmab;karGb;rM b¤eFIVGaCIv kmµepSg²enaH eXIjfavamankarlM)akNas; kñúgkarkøayxøÜnCabuKÁl eCaKC½y. TI3 buKÁlRtUvman»kasesBKb;mitþl¥ ¬sb,úrisUb- nisSy¦ ]TahrN_ ebIRbsinbuKÁlBMuman»kas)anesBKb;mitþl¥eT man«Bukmþay elakRKUGñkRKU jatisac;saelahitEdlecH TMnuk bMrugsRmab;kareFIVBaNiC¢kmµ karsikSaGb;rMCaedImenaHeT vamankar lM)akeRcInsRmab;buKÁl kñúgkarkøayxøÜnCaGñkmaneCaKC½ykñúgGaCIB rbs;xøÜn. cugeRkay buKÁlRtUvmankmøaMgcitþ edIm,Idmál;xøÜneday RbéB ¬GtþsmµabNIFi¦.

tamTsSn³BuT§sasna kardmál;xøÜn b¤mKÁúeTsn_xøÜnmansar³ ya:grs;revIk edIm,IPaBeCaKC½ykñúgkarGIVmYy BIeRBaHebIKµankar dmál;xøÜn KWkartaMgcitþenaHeT BitCaBi)akkñúgkareFIVxøÜn[eCaKC½y ebI eTaHCamankarKaMRTBI«Bukmþay sac;jati mitþPkiþya:gNak¾eday. BuT§sasnikCnPaKeRcIn )anyl;RsbKñafacMNuccugeRkayenH man sar³sMxan;bMputkñúgcMeNammKÁúeTsn_TaMg4enH. karyl;BITsSn³ enH BuT§sasnikCnmanbMNgrs;enAedaykmøaMgsµgrbs;xøÜn sRmab; dMeNIrd¾Evgq¶ayenH.

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CMenOelIkmµ nig karTIBwgxøÜnÉg kareCOelIkmµenHmann½yfa buKÁlRtUvrs;enAedaykarTIBwg

xøÜnÉg bu:EnþmanbBaðamYyya:gF¶n;F¶r Edl)andak;mkelIBuT§sasna edayBYkbBaØvnþCatielakxaglic EdlKYr[kt;smÁal;bMputenaHKW elak ma:kS evbW ¬ Max Weber ¦. Kat;)anniyayfa } eRBaH EtmUldæanRKwHénBuT§»vaT nigkarepþatCakNþalGMBIeKalelakutþr³ KW RBHniBaVn eTIbBuT§sasnaminmanGPismacarsgÁm nigesdækic©Na mYyKYrkt;smÁal;eLIy }. ´BMuyl;RsbnwgKat;eT eRBaHéCOfaKat; BMu)anyl;Gtßn½yrbs;BakükmµenH [)anRtwmRtUvenaHeT. BuT§sas nikCnBit minEdlePøcGMBIc,ab;kmµeT enaHKWTMnak;TMngrbs;kmµkñúg GtIt nigbc©úb,nñ. dUecñH Kat;kan;EtxitxMedIm,IbegáInFnFan sRmab; karrs;enACamYysmaCikRKYsar kñúgCIvPaBmYyd¾RbesIr Rbkbeday suxsnþiPaB. maK’asuxsnþiPaBkñúgTIenH mann½yfaBuT§sasnikCn minmanbMNg edIm,I)anRTBütamry³xusc,ab; nigmeFüa)ayGyutþi Fm’enaHeLIy eRBaHEtBYkeKmanCMenOelIc,ab;kmµenaHÉg. BuT§sas nikCnmanCMenOfaTegIVl¥ EdlRbkbedaykarxitxMRbwgERbgrbs;xøÜn GacbegáIt b¤rkSanUvTegIVl¥rbs;xøÜnGs;kalrkTIbMputKµan. BuT§sasnikCn manPaBRbugRby½tñkñúgkarrs;enARbkbeday PaBrugerOg nigesckIþsux edayBYkeKdwgfa edIm,IeFIVkar[)anxøaMg køaenaH KWminRtwmEtedIm,IEsVgrkcMNUlTwkR)ak;d¾sn§wksn§ab;enaHeT bu:EnþRtUvrs;enAedaysuxsnþiPaBCamYysmaCikRKYsarrbs;xøÜnpgEdr

44

. GPismacarBuT§sasna )ancg¥úlbgðajfa >>>>>>>>> bMNgkñúgkar begáInRTBüsm,tiþrbs;xøÜnedayxusc,ab; nigedaymeFüa)ayGyutiþ- Fm’enaH vaR)akdCanwgbgábBaðaCaeRcIncUleTAkñúgRKYsar. ehtuenH BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfatémøRKYsarBitR)akdekIt eLIgedayc,ab; nigTegIVyutþiFm’ KWkarrs;enAkñúgsnþiPaB suxdumrmna PaBman)an rbs;RKYsar mansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;BuT§sasnikCn bu:Enþvamin caM)ac;niyayfaPaBman)anenH EtgEtbegIátesckIþsux sniþPaBenaH eT. dUecñH vaminEmnCakarBiteT kñúgkarniyayfa kñúgGPismacar BuT§sasna{ mhicätakmµepþateTAelIkIþsgÇwménkarceRmInsmÖar³ nig RTBüsm,tþi}. CakarBit TsSn³kmµminmanbc©½yRKb;RKan;enAeLIy eT pÞúyeTAvij KWepþateTAelIKMniténkarTIBwgxøÜnÉg.

kar[plrbs;kmµ BuT§sasna)anpþl;nUvTsSnkmµ CamYynwgdMbUnµanya:gc,as;

las;. CakarBit kmµKWCaRTwsIþmUldæanRKwHrbs;BuT§sasna ebIRbsin buKÁlminmanCMenOkñúgkmµ nigkar[plrbs;kmµ eXIjfamankar lM)akkñúgkarGnuvtþ¬Rbtibtiþ¦BuT§sasna dUcCakar[Tan rkSasIl nigkatBVkic©sgÁmCaedIm. sgÁmnigvb,Fm’rbs;BuT§sasnikCn KWBwg Ep¥keTAelIRTwsIþkmµenaHTaMgmUl. ]TahrN_ enAeBleyIgeXIj kumarmñak;manbMNgcg;smøab;stVbkSI eyIgnwgniyayfa }ehtu GIV)anb¥Ún b¤kµÜyÉgeFIVdUecñH? ebIkµÜyÉgeFIVdUecñH KWCakarRbRBwtþ Gkuslkmµ ehIyR)akdCanwgTTYlpldUcKña EdlCaGkusl

45

vi)akminxan. eday)ansþab;nUv»vaTl¥BIeyIgdUecñHehIy ekµgenaH GacnwgedaHElgstVbkSIenaHBIkarQWcab;Pøam BIeRBaHvaxøacpl rbs;kmµCaGviC¢man. ehtuenH eyIgeXIjfa mansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkareQVgyl;BItYnaTIrbs;kmµ kñúgkar[plkñúgkal³eTs³ epSg²Kña.

eyagtamBuT§sasna kmµnwg[pledayviFIbYnya:gdUcxag eRkam³

1¦ kmµ[plPøam²Tan;nigEPñk ¬TidæFmµevTnIykmµ¦ kmµ enH[plPøam² kñúgCIvitCabc©úb,nñ. ]TahrN_fa mankUnRsImñak; )anRcanmþayrbs;nagBIelIpÞHCan;TI5 ehIyCaplvij k¾maneKeFIV dUecñHcMeBaHnagvij b¤k¾RtUvCab;KukCaedIm.

2¦ kmµ[plkñúgeBlxagmux ¬]bbC¢evTnIykmµ¦ KWkmµ EdlmanplkñúgCatiCabnþbnÞab;eTA. ]TahrN_fa evC¢bNÐitmñak; )aneFIV[GñkCm¶Wmñak;xVak;EPñkedaykar[fñaMxus eRBaHKat;xwgsm,aCa mYyGñkCm¶WenaH ehIyenACatiCabnÞab; Kat;nwgxVak;EPñk edayeBor tamsñg.

3¦ kmµ[plminmankalkMNt; ¬GbrabrevTnIykmµ¦ KWkmµ[plkñúgCatiNamYy bnÞab;BIlH elakenHeTA.

4¦ Gehasikmµ KWkmµEdlplminmanGMNac[pl b¤)at; bg;nUvskþanuBlPaBrbs;xøÜn dUc]TahrN_faCaRKab;BUCeRkommin GacnwgbegáItCakUneQIteTAeTot ya:gNamij kmµTaMgLayrbs;

46

RBHGrhnþ minGacnwg[plteTAeToteLIy ebIeTaHCaelakeFIVkmµ CakuslCaeRcInya:gNak¾eday.

eyagtamBuT§sasna kmµ ¬TegIV¦enH nwg[plRbesIr ebI Rbsinectnarbs;buKÁlenaHl¥ EdlmindUcCasmÖar³niym ¬RTwsIþEdl l¥ ebIRbsinplénkmµenaH nwgbegáItsuPmgÁld¾elIslb;dl;mnusS mancMnYnya:gsn§wksn§ab;¦. pÞúyrTAvij BuT§sasna)anepþatkar ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkarbegáItectnal¥ RbesIrCaCagkarbegIátnUv suPmgÁld¾elIslb;éncMnYnmnusSya:gsn§wksn§ab;enaH¦ BIeRBaHfa tamFmµCati ectnaCakuslnwg[plya:gl¥edayBitR)akd. dUecñH BuT§sasnikCnEtgEtykcitþ Tukdak;cMeBaHectnamunnwgeFIVnUvTegVI epSg². BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa BMucaM)ac;eFIVkarRbwgERbg sRmab; RbeyaCn_éntémø nigekrþ×eQµaHrbs;buKÁlxøÜnÉgeLIy pÞúyeTAvij buKÁlKYreFIVnUvTegIV EdlRbkbedayectnaCakusl nigRbkbeday GMeBIminmaneTas nig\riyabfEdlKµanKuNvibtþi. CalT§pl KuN témø nigkitþiysrbs;buKÁl nwgcUlmkrkbuKÁlenaHedaysV½yRbvtþi BIeRBaHTegIVrbs;buKÁlenaH CaTegIVEdlKµaneTas nigKYr[sJb;EsJg eBareBjedaykitþiysBit².

enAeBlbBaðakan;EtsµúKsµaj nigminGacedaHRsay)anenaH BuT§sasnikCn nwgkan;EtykcitþTukdak;CamYyTidæPaBsIlFm’ Ca CagTidæPaBepSg²eTot. cUreyIgRkeLkemIl bBaðarbs;burskMst; mñak; EdlmanRbBn§ejonfñaMemIl_. ]bmafaRbBn§Kat;nwgsøab; Rbsin ebInagmin)ansarFatufñaMejonbEnßmeTotenaH dUecñHbursenaHKµan

47

CeRmIsGIVeRkABIeTAlYcfñaMejon eRBaHKat;BuMmanlT§PaB nwgTijfñaM enaH)aneLIy. Tak;TgnwgbBaðaenH BuT§sasnikCnmñak;nwgeqøIyfa {RbesIrNas; ńwgmineFIVdUecñaHeT ¬enaHmann½yfaKat;nwgminlYcfñaM edIm,IRbBn§Kat;eLIy¦}. ´KitfaenAmanviFIepSgeTot eRkABIkar lYcenaH ]TarN_faKat;GaceTAx©I b¤cg;karR)ak;eKCaedIm. bursenaH R)akdCaminlYceK ehIyRbBn§rbs;Kat;GacrYcputBImrN³eRKaHpg Edr. ebIRbsinKat;lYceK Kat;GacCYyse®gÁaHRbBn§Kat;)an EtKat; R)akdCaRtUvcUlKuk ehIyRbBn§Kat;nwgmanCm¶WenaHeLIgvij enAeBl EdlnagBMuGacTTYlfñaMeTot eRBaHehtuenH viFId¾RbesIrKWkarEsVgrk meFüa)ayepSg²kñúgkarrkluyedayBMucaM)ac;eTAlYceK.

kmµ - sMsar³ - niBaVn BuT§sasna)anpþl;nUvbJsKl;énsµartI nigsgÁmdl;mnusS

TUeTAeBalKWsmiT§isgÁm nigsmiT§isµartIhñwgÉg. smiT§isgÁm )andl; esckIþeBjcitþrbs;buKÁlCamYynwgRTBüsm,tiþ. ]TahrN_faenA eBlbuKÁlmanCMenOelIkmµ køayCaGñkmanRTBüsþúksþmÖ buKÁlenaH nwgmanectnal¥ kñúgkarEckrMElknUvRTBüsm,tiþrbs;xøÜndl;GñkdéT t,it RTBüTaMgGs;enaH RbkbedayGnþray5ya:g dUcCa TwkCMnn; ePøIgeqH RtUvrwbGUsykedayraCkar ecarlYc nigGnþrayeday karesBKb;)abmitþ. enAeBlbuKÁlCamnusSRkIRkvij buKÁlenaH nwgminbenÞasGñkdéT ehIyminRcENnCamYYyGñkdéT EdlmanCag xøÜneLIy. pÞúyeTAvij buKÁl)anyl;BIbc©½ytak;EtgBIGtItCati

48

nigbc©úb,nñ EdlCaplrbs;kmµ eRBaHehtuenH buKÁlGacTTYl)an esckIþeBjcitþxagsgÁm )anyl;GMBIc,ab;kmµya:gc,as; ehIyKµan bBaðaeLIy ebIeTaHCaBYkeKmanb¤Rkya:gNak¾eday.

smiT§ixagsµartI KWCasmiT§iEdlTak;TgeTAnwgesckIþeBjcitþ EpñksµartIedayBit. ]TahrN_ enAeBlbuKÁl)anyl;c,as;GMBI c,ab;kmµenH eTIbbuKÁlenaHnwgeBjcitþCamYyGIVEdlKat;man. Kat; nwgKitfa vaCakarRbesIrehIy kñúgkarmanbc©½yTaMgLay dUcCa Gahar eRKOgesøókBak; TICRmk nigfñaMsgáÚv sRmab;EkeraK. buKÁl nwgBicarNafadrabNaeKmanvtßúTaMgenH enaHRbesIrNas;sRmab; BYkKat;. karsáb;sál;RbePTenH RtUv)ancat;TukCaesckIþeBjcitþxag sµartI²enHnaMmknUvsuxsnþiPaB. CakarBit esckIþeBjcitþRbePTenH nwgmandl;buKÁleBjeljTaMgRsug)an enAeBlbuKÁlenaH²)an seRmcFm’ eBalKWkarRtas;dwg.

RbsinebI buKÁl)anyl;BITsSn³kmµBitR)akd buKÁlnwgman karRbugRby½tñya:gxøaMg cMeBaHTegIVrbs;xøÜn eRBaHfabuKÁlyl;fa mnusSnigstVmanCIvitTaMgLay EtgEtmanGnÞak;dEdl² eBalKWTukç eRBaHkarekIt. CMenOya:gsamBaØrbs;mnusSenAelIBiPBelakenH KW faviBaØaNsßitenAxageRkAbnÞab;BIlHelakenHeTA viBaØaNrbs;mnusS b¤stVnwgbnþrs;enAtamGakas Twk b¤kñúgTIepSg²eTot edIm,InwgEsVg rklMenAfµI sRmab;viBaØaNmnusS b¤stVenaHCaedIm tamBitKµanviBaØaN EbbenHenAbnþmanenAkñúgelakenHeT. tamTsSn³BuT§sasnaefr- vaTEdlehAfa viBaØaN enaH)andl;citþenaHÉg ehIycitþminmanenA

49

xageRkAeLIy vaRKan;EtCadMeNIrénectsik EdlCab;Tak;Tgeday ehtubc©½yBImYyeTAmYybu:eNÑaH.

RbePTéndMeNIrenH maneQµaHfa {sgSar³{ CaPasa)alI mann½yfa {vdþ karvilvl;ekItsøab; } b¤ }GenÞaleTAmkmþgehIy mþgeTot }. dMeNIrrbs;namrUb¬citþnigkay¦ ecHEtbnþekIteLIgmþg ehIymþgeTot eBalKw ekItehIyeFIVdMeNIreTACacas;Cra BüaFi søab;. dMeNIrenHeQµaHfa {vdþCIvit { ¬life cycle¦. niyay[kan;Et segçbenaH {sgSar³} KWxn§R)aMEdlminGacbMEbk¬Rkum5 KW rUb evTna sBaØa sgçar viBaØaN¦ EdlEtgEtERbRbYlBImYyxN³eTAmYyxN³. vdþynþkarénkarekItsøab;enHRtUv)an RKbdNþb;kñúgcRkvaLEdlCa kmµvtßúénkarrlt;vinas nigekItCafµI. tamBuT§sasna dMeNIrénvdþ CIvitenH nwgRbRBwtþeTAedayKµanTIbBa©b;eT,Iy luHRtaEtbuKÁl)an seRmcniBaVn.

BuT§sasnikCn)anRbtibtþicMeBaHTsSn³kmµ nig sMsar³enH CaRbcaMéf¶ya:gTUlMTUlay. BuT§sasna )anpþl;nUvGnusasn_dl; mnusS[dwgBIrebobGnuvtþtamTsSn³enH BuT§sasnikCn)ansRmb xøÜnnwgCIvitRbcaMéf¶CamYynwgTsSn³kmµ sMsar³Canic©. ]TahrN_ kalebImnusSCaTIRsLaj;Føak; xøÜnQWF¶n;edayCm¶WEdlGacbNþal [søab;)andUcCm¶WmharIkCaedIm dUecñHedaykaremIleXIjGñkCm¶W mankarQWcab; buKÁlenaHk¾BicarNaya:gRCaleRCAfa {CIvitKWCaTukç} CaCagt¥ÚjEt¥rBIPaBlM)aklMbin esckIþTukçenH. GñkCm¶WEtgEt BicarNaBIkmµrbs;xøÜnÉgpÞal; ehtuenHcitþrbs;buKÁlenaHk¾nwgs¶b;

50

manesßrPaB. karyl;BITsSn³kmµ nigsMsar³enHmansar³ RbeyaCn_xøaMgNas;dl;BuT§sasnikCn.

CakarBit bBaða nigsMNagGaRkk;CaeRcIn EdleyIgminnwk sµandl; GacnwgekIteLIgcMeBaHeyIgRKb;eBlevla. BuT§sasnik CnmanCMenOfa bBaðaRbePTenH eBalKWCaEpñkmYyénesckþITukçkñúg sMsar. CaTIbMput BYkeKR)afñaedIm,I)anseRmcnUvRBHniBaVn EdlCa kEnøgbBa©b;TukçTaMgGs; tamry³GdægÁikmKÁ eBalKWpøÚvd¾RbesIr bu:Enþ BuT§sasniikCnmanbMNg kñúgkarbegáItesckIþsuxs¶b;CaRbcaMéf¶ tam ry³karecHsáb;sál;cMeBaHsmÖar³kñúgsgÁm b¤edaykarceRmInsmaFi muneBlBYkeK)anseRmcFm’cugeRkayeBal KWkareFIV[Cak;c,as;nUv RBHniBVan.

edayemIleXIjcMeBaHesckIþTukçrbs;GñkdéT b¤manPaBP½y xøaccMeBaHTukçrbs;xøÜnpÞal;BuT§sasnikCn )anxitxMEsVgrkPav³minecH søab;eBalKWRBHniBaVn. Bakü)alI {niBaVn { b¤ {niva’n { CaPasa sM®sáit mann½yfa {sabsUnü } pøúMrMlt; eBalKWpøúMBnøt;ePIøg ¬ePIøg elaP³ eTas³ nigemah³¦. niBaVnenH CaTsSn³BuT§sasna Edl mann½yfakarrMedaHecjputBIsMsar³. RBHBuT§)anbeRgonBITsSn³Gntþa ¬minEmnxøÜn¦ niBaVnCasPav³Et mYyKt; EdlKYrCabTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜn cMeBaHbuKÁlEdlkMcat;bg;nUv skáayTidæi. xN³EdlmnusSRKb;KñamanbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnkñúgCIvit EtniBaVnCasPav³mYyepSgBIBakü b¤TsSn³samBaØ.

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buKÁlGacnwgsYrfa { etIcMNucsMxan;énTsSn³kmµ sMsar³ nigniBaVnCaGIV? eyagtamRTwsIþBuT§sasna cMNucsMxan;enaHKWfaRbsin ebIbuKÁlyl;BIc,ab;FmµCati yl;ehtunigplenH)anya:gc,as; buKÁl nwgBinitüya:gm:t;ct;cMeBaHTegIVrbs;xøÜnpÞal; ehIybuKÁlkan;EtxitxM bMeBjkusl niglHGMeBICaGkusl [Gs;BIsmtßPaBEdlxøÜneFIV )an. CalT§plvij eBlenaHnwgmanmnusSl¥kan;EteRcIneLIgenA kñúgsgÁm EdlkñúgenaHbBaðakñúgRKYsarRtUv)ankat;bnßy suxPaB RKYsarkan;EtRbesIreLIg kñúgcMeNamsmaCikRKYsarTaMgGs;. mnusS manCMenOelIkmµ nigyl;BIkmµBitR)akd nwgrs;enAl¥RbkbedaykIþ suxsnþiPaBrugerOg eRBaHehtuenH BYkeKk¾nwgeBjcitþrIkrayeday sIlFm’Canic©.

TsSn³énvi)ak

RKwHénTsSn³kmµ manlkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwgTsSn³vi)ak luHRtaEteyIgBinitüBic©½y[kan;Etl¥itl¥n;EfmeTot. RKwHénTsSn³ enHKWedAdl;PaBxusRtUvrbs;TegIV EdlmanmUldæanenAelIplvi)ak énTegIVenaH TegIVRtwmRtUvnaMmknUvplKYrKab;RbesIr. etIGñklT§ipl vi)akniym )anseRmccitþfa erOgGIVEdleKeFIVRtUv? BYkeKEtgEsVgrk edIm,IebþCJacitþcMeBaHCeRmIs EdlGacnwgeFIVTaMgGs; EdlEp¥kelIpl vi)akd¾Kab;RbesIr. {TegIVEdlskþismeTAnwgpld¾Kab;citþenaH KWCa TegIVEdleKcat;faCaTegIVRtwmRtUvKYreFIV. dUecñH niekçbbTmUldæanRKwH

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énlT§iplvi)akedAdl;TegIVRtwmRtUv Edlkñúgkal³eTs³eKpþl;[ KWCa TegIVEdlnwgnaMmknUvpld¾RbesIrsRmab;kal³eTs³enaH² {.

etIkMritsRmab;karvaytémøplrbs;GIVEdlRtUv nigxusenaHKW CaGIV? {karEbgEckénkMrit sRmab;karvaytémøplvi)akenaH KWCa niekçbbTénkarRbkan;ykPaBsb,ay¬teRmkniym¦ edAdl;CMenO Edlfapld¾RbesIr KWplEdlKYrrIkrayeRtkRtGalenaHÉg. bu:Enþ müa:geTot niekçbbTénGñkRbkan;ykkarsb,ayenaH KWCavtþman énkamKuN ¬PaBrIyray¦ nigGvtþmanénTukç karQWcab;begIátCa kMrit sRmab;karvaytémøplénTegIVrbs;eyIg. srubmk PaBrIkray eRtkRtGalmanlkçN³l¥ EdleKalénsIlFm’)anbegIát{. ehtu enH s[eXIjc,as;fa kMriténkarvaytémøplKWPaBrIkray EdlCa lT§pl)anBITegIV nigCaplénkarbMeBjtRmUvkar¬tNða¦ enaHÉg.

TsSn³kmµ nigplvi)ak eyIgyl;GMBIkmµedayRkeLkemIlnUvTegIV EdlRbkbeday

ectna bu:EnþminRkeLkemIleTAelIplvi)akénkarrIkray EdlCalT§ plrbs;TegIVenaHeLIy. ´sUmniyayfa RbsinebITegIVrbs;buKÁl Cakusl nigminmaneTasenaH eyIgnwgvaytémøfaCaTegIVl¥ ehIy plk¾Cakusl¬l¥¦Edr bu:EnþmincaM)ac;niyay faplRtUvEtCaPaB rIkray¬RbkbedaykamKuN¦. ]TahrN_ maþymanbMNgl¥cg; bBa©b;TukçkUnrbs;Kat; dUecñH Kat;b®Ba©kfñaMmanrsCatilVIgdl;kUnEdl manCm¶W xN³enaHkUnenaHÉgnwgminmanGarmµN_rIkray eBjcitþ

53

eLIy bu:Enþectnarbs;mþayenaHRbkbedaykusl ehIyplrbs;TegVI enaHk¾l¥Edr ehtuenaH TegIVrbs;Kat;enaHcat;Cakuslkmµ¬GMeBIl¥¦. ]TahrN_epSgmYyeTot RbsinebImþay)an[fñaMBulmYyEBgdl;kUn rbs;Kat; RBmTaMgrUbKat;pgedaymanbMNg faCIvitBYkKat;Kµantémø KYr[rs;enAteTAeToteLIy enaHs[eXIjfaGMeBIrbs;Kat;enaH BMu EmnGMeBICakusleLIy eRBaHfaebIeTaHCaectnarbs;Kat;RtUv)aneK cat;fal¥edaykarniyayCaTUeTAenaH EttamBit vaminEmnCaectna CakusleLIy ehIyplEdlhuc[enaHGaRkk;éRkElg. ehtuenaH ectnacat;TukCaGkuslectna ¬Gkuslkmµ¦. CakarBitNas; BuT§sasna maneKalpþl;tulüPaBrvagkuslkmµ nigplrbs;kmµ RKb;TegIVTaMgGs;.

enHGacniyay)anfa vamanPaBxusKña rvagkmµnigvi)ak. TsSn³kmµebþCJafatYnaTIrbs;kmµ KWCa karvaytémøGMeBIbc©úb,nñ Edl RbkbedayectnakñúgkareFIVGMeBI xN³EdllT§ivi)ak RtUv)aneKvay témøedayPaBrIkray nigbMeBjtNða EdlCapl)anmkBIGMeBI² dUcenH TsSn³mUldæanrbs;kmµniglT§ivi)akenaHmindUcKñaedayBit.

BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfa kmµrbs;BYkeKR)akdCakmµCa kusl RbsinebIkmµenaHRbkbedaysIlFm’nigGPismacarl¥. enA kñúgbBVCitGPiNðasURt RBHsm<úT§RTg;Rtas;fa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay Gñk Kb,Itmál;citþdUecñHfa GatµaGjCaGñkdwgkmµCarbs;xøÜn kmµGIVk¾eday EdlGatµaGjnwgeFIVeTaHCakuslkþI GkuslkþI enaHGatµaGjnwg TTYlplenaH² }. vacaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarbgðajBICMenO rbs;buKÁleTA

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elIkmµ edaykardak;[GnuvtþsIlFm’ GPismacarl¥ nigedaykar bgðajBIGakb,kiriyaEdleBareBjedaysIlFm’l¥. karGnuvtþsIl Fm’l¥ KWCakareqøIytbeTAnigbBaðasgÁm dUcCabBaðaRKYsar bBaða kargar nigbBaðasgÁmepSg²eTotCaeRcIn edaykarGPivDÆRTwsIþsIl Fm’. RTwsIþenHRtUvRbkbedayGPismacar karGb;rMsIlFm’ nigkar tmál;xøÜnkñúgsikçabT dUecñHeXIjfa vamansar³ya:grs;revIkkñúgkar eQVgyl;BIrebobRbtibtþiBuT§sasnaCamYysgÁm edIm,ICMruj[man karBRgwgsuxumalPaBsgÁm nigedIm,IRbtibtþitamRTwsIþ edayGnu- elamtamsgÁm nigRkmsIlFm’Cak;Esþg. CalT§pl TMnak;TMng sgÁmkan;EtRbesIreLIgnigrwgmaMpg. eyIgnwgepþatya:gmaM cMeBaH BuT§sasna RkmsIlFm’KWCalkçN³vinicä½y edIm,IebþCJafaetIGMeBINa xusGMeBINaRtUv.

cb;CMBUk2

55

CMBUk3

sIlFm’BuT§sasna nigsgÁmsm½yTMenIb sBVéf¶enH mnusSCaeRcInKitfaGPismacar sIlFm’sm½y buraNBMusmnigsgÁmTMenIbeLIy BIeRBaHRkmsIlFm’buraNsRmab; EtmnusSburaNbu:eNÑaH. ýl;RsbCamYynwgTsSn³sm½yTMenIb enH RbsinebIsgÁmTMenIbenH bMePøcecal[Gs;nUvTMenomTmøab;buraN bu:EnþeKmin)ane)aHbg;ecalnUvTMenomTmøab;buraNenHeT ehIymnusS TMenIbRKan;EtmanbMNg edIm,InwgeFIVTMenIbPavUbnIykmµ cMeBaHRkm sIlFm’buraNeTACaRkmsIlFm’ nigGPismacarTMenIbbu:eNÑaH. ´ manCMenOfaGPismacarburaNenAEtman \T§iBlmkelIsgÁmTMenIb edayviFINamYydEdl. ]TahrN_ dUcCa«BukmþayKitfaBYkKat; mankarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkarEfTaMbuRtFItarbs;xøÜnrhUtdl;BYkeKFM eBjv½ydUcCamnusSburaNeFIVEdr. karsmøab;mnusS cat;CaGMeBIxus c,ab; dUcc,ab;rbs;mnusSburaN Edl)aneFIVc,ab;rdæFmµnuBaØsRmab; RKb;RKgmnusSsm½yenaHEdr. CakarBit GPismacar nigRkmsIl Fm’buraN enAEtbnþmanenAkñúgsgÁmsm½yTMenIbenH ehIyeyIg KYrEtpþl;témø cMeBaHTMenomTmøab; nigvb,Fm’buraNrbs;eyIgeTIb RbesIr. kñúgCMBUkenH esµrnwgBiPakSaBIrebob EdlBuT§sasnikCn sMLwgemIlCIvitEdlRbkbedaysIlFm’ edayepþatsMxan;eTAelItY- naTI RkmsIlFm’sgÁm nigkatBVkic© .l.

56

tamBit GPismacarBuT§sasna KWBwgEp¥keTAelIRkmsIlFm’ buraNesIÞrEtTaMgRsug ebIeTaHCaeBlevlaRtUv)anpøas;bþÚrk¾eday. BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfa buKÁlRKb;rUbKYrEttMkl;xøÜn edIm,I[køay xøÜnCamnusSl¥ eRBaHfakalNamanmnusSl¥kan;EteRcIn sgÁmk¾l¥ eTAtamenaHEdr. karesBKb;CamYysb,úrs RtUv)ancat;CabuBVehtud¾ RbesIrsRmab;CIvit. sb,úrsTaMgLaydUcCa «Bukmþay RKU)aGacarü klüaNmitþ GacnwgnaMbuKÁl[rs;enAkñúgsgÁmmYy EdleBareBj edaysuxsnþiPaB.

mnusSkñúgsgÁmTMenIb ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHtémøsIlFm’tic tYcNas; BYkeKmanectnaedaHRsay bBaðaedaykareKcevsBIRTwsIþ c,ab; RkitüRkmEdlEp¥kelIeKalkarN_sIlFm’. BuT§sasna)anrk eXIjbBaðaKnøwHkñúgsgÁm CaTUeTAbBaðaenHKWmnusS)anbENþtbeNþay xøÜn BYkeK[témøénsmÖar³niymGUsTaj)an dUecñHBYkeKRtUv)an e)akR)asedaykarRsLaj;s¥b; edayehtuenaH eFIV[CIvitrbs;BYk eKKµantulüPaB ehIyBuMGacnwgRbRBwtþeTAtamsIlFm’)aneLIy. ehtuenH BuT§sasna)anTTUcfa vacaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarTTYlnUvkar Gb;rM[)anR)akdRbCa edIm,I)anCamnusSl¥ sRmab;karGPivDÆsgÁm nigkarceRmInlUtlas;EpñkR)aCJasµartI.

sgÁm nigtémøsIlFm’ etIvaCakarcaM)ac;Nas;b¤ EdlmnusSRtUvEtmansIlFm’?

cemøIyKWfasMxan;nigcaM)ac;Nas; mnusSkñúgsgÁmBitCa[témøcMeBaH

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\riyabfrbs;buKÁlmñak;² siT§imnusS snþiPaB esckIþsux ehIykar rs;enAkñúgPaBéføfñÚrCaR)akd minEmnfaBMucaM)ac;enaHeT. cUreyIgsYr sMnYrd¾samBaØfa { ebImanRKYsarRkRkImYy Edlman«BukRbmwkmñak; etInwgmanbBaðaGIVxøHkñúgRKYsar? etIbBaðafa RKYsarRkIRkedaysarPaB Rbmwkrbs;«Buk b¤«BukkøayCaGñkRbmwkedaysarEtPaBRkIRkrbs; RKYsar? cMeBaHsMnYrenH etIeyIgKYrsþIbenÞasGñkNa? eyagtam BuT§sasna eyIgminKYrsþIbenÞasGñkNamñak;eLIy. pÞúyeTAvij eyIg KYrGb;rMdl;«BukenaH RBmTaMgsmaCikRKYsarenaHpgEdr. eRBaHfa ebIeyIgcg;pÁt;pÁg; nigpþl;GIV²EdlRKYsarenaHRtUvkar edayKµankar Gb;rMdl;BYkeKeTenaH eXIjfakargarenaH² nwgminseRmceCaKC½y eLIy.

bc©úb,nñenH mnusSeyIggaynwgecaTRbkan; eQøaHRbEkkKña Nas;edaybBaðatictYcbu:eNÑaH dUcCabBaðapÞal;xøÜn PaBminesµaHRtg; karRbEkkKñaedaykarsþIbenÞasKñaRbkbedaykMhwg EdlCaehtueFIV [BYkeKeQøaHKña eRBaHEtbBaðad¾tictYcenHehIy. kalebIsßanPaB EbbenH ekIteLIgehIy BYkeKEtgRBegIykenþIycMeBaHmitþPaB témø sIlFm’ nigtémøRKYsarCaedIm. bu:EnþebIeyagtamBuT§sasna{ BYkeK emIlmineXIjehtuBit maneQµaHfaxVHsIlFm’ ]TahrN_fa ebIeTaHbI CamankardwknaMneya)ayl¥ehIy RbsinebIRbCaCnxVHsIlFm’enaH eXIjfa¬GñkdwknaM¦Bi)aknwgRtYtRta GIV²TaMgGs;nwgminGacRKb;RKg )an ehIyvaR)akdCaminmankarrIkceRmIneLIy } . BuT§sasnik CnmanCMenOfa {sIlFm’mantémørbs;va ehIysIlFm’BIFmµCati man

58

n½yfaCasIlFm’ EdlRtwmRtUvl¥enaHnwgCaKuNRbeyaCn_d¾GnueRKaH ehIysIlFm’enH eBalKWPaBBiténRBHFm’ EdlkMBugdMeNIrkarkñúg sgÁm }. pÞúyeTAvij GMNacénsIlFm’EdlGacvaytémø)an cMeBaHbuKÁlEdl[témødl;kargar eBareBjedaysIlFm’rbs;xøÜn hñwgÉg.

karGb;rMKWCatémørbs;sIlFm’ BuT§sasna)ansagsgÁmmYy RbkbedaysIlFm’d¾rwgmaM

ehIyBuT§sasna)anGb;rMdl;buKÁl [rs;enARbkbedaysuvtßiPaB esßrPaB EdleBareBjedaysIlFm’ edayehtuenaH eyIgeXIjfa caM)ac;Nas; kñúgkareQVgyl;faetIkarGb;rMEbbBuT§sasna CaGIVenaH eBalKW GFisIlsikça KWkarsikSaGb;rMsIlFm’Can;x<s;1 GFicitþsikça KWkarGb;rMxMceRmIncitþCan;x<s;1 nigGFibBaØa karGb;rMedIm,IPaBlUt las;EpñkstibBaØasµartICan;x<s;1. karGb;rM¬sikça¦TaMg3enH eday cMeBaHPikçúsgÇ nigPikçúnIEdlTTYlbc©½y eRKOgGaRs½yBIRKhsß nig CaGñkmanbMNg edIm,IceRmInstibBaØa eBalKWkarRtas;dwg b:uEnþBYk RKhsßk¾GacRbtibtþi ceRmInnUvsikçaTaMg3enH)andUcKña sRmab;Ca mUldæanénsgÁm nigEpñksµartIpgEdr. ticb¤eRcIn sikçaTaMg3enH ebIbuKÁl)anRbtibtþiehIy dUcKñaeTAnwgmaK’amanGgÁR)aMbIEdr.

sRmab;RKhsßsikçaxageRkamenH maneQµaHfabuBaØkiriyavtßú KWman Tan sIl Pavna. vak¾GacehAmüa:geTotfaéRtsikça rbs;RKhsß BYkBuT§sasnik mankareBjcitþcMeBaHkarTTYlkarGb;rM

59

tamEbbCIvPaBsasna eRBaHBYkeKmanCMenOfa karGb;rMd¾RtwmRtUv enaH KWCakarGb;rMEpñktémøstibBaØasµartIenHÉg.

CakarBit éRtsikçaenH k¾rYmbBa©ÚlbuBaØkiriyavtßúTaMg 10ya:g mandUcxageRkamenHKW ³ 1>Tan 2>sIl 3>Pavna 4>Gbcayn³ 5>evyüavc©³ 6>btþiTan 7>btþanuemaTna 8>Fmµsvna 9>FmµeTsna nig10>TidæiCukmµ . TidæPaBTaMg10ya:genH RtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCa mUldæanRKwHénsIlFm’BuT§sasna b¤buBaØkiriyavtßú.

eTaHbICaya:gNak¾eday eyIgKYrEteQVgyl;BIPaBxusKña rvagRBHsgÇ nigRKhsßpgEdr eTIbCakarRbesIr. {PaBxusKñarvag RkumTaMgBIrénsikçaenH tamEbbBuT§sasnasißtenAkñúgcMNucepþat }. enAkñúgsikçarbs;RBHsgÇ karepþatenHKWsMedAeTAelIesckIþl¥rbs; buKÁlpÞal; cMENkÉCIvitrbs;BYkRKhsßvij RtUv)aneKpþl;PaBsMxan; eTAelITidæPaBénCIvitkñúgsgÁmCag BIeRBaHfaRKhsßRtUv)aneKrMBwg ya:geRcInTak;TgCamYyTMnak;TMngl¥ nigkargarl¥rbs;sgÁm}. tamBit buBaØkiriya vtßúTaMg10ya:genH RtUv)ansnµt;faCaGPismacar sRmab;Gnuvtþkñúg CIvitRbcaMéf¶edayBit.

sIlFm’mUldæansRmab;RKhsß BaküeRbonRbedArbs;RBHsmµasm<úT§TaMgLay Tak;TgeTA

nwgcMNucbIya:genHCamUldæan KWkarhamR)ammin[eFIVGMeBIGaRkk; RKb;ya:g1 [BüayambMeBjesckIþl¥1 nig[xitxMdusxatCRmH sMGatcitþrbs;xøÜn [l¥pUrpg;R)ascakeRKOgesAhµgTaMgLay1.

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karmineFIVGMeBI)abTaMgLay CaCMhandMbUg EdlTak;TgedaypÞal; eTAnwgkarrkSasIl edaymanvin½ybTbBaØtþiCaeRcIn sRmab;RBHsgÇ nigRKhsßkñúgRBHBuT§sasna. karbeRgon[Rbtibtþirbs;Pikçú nigPikçúnI manEcgenAkñúgvin½ybidk. edayELk vin½ysRmab;RKhsßBuMman karcgRkgCaBiessNamYyeLIy bu:EnþmanbBa©sIl¬sIl5¦eBalKW kiriyaevorcakkarsmøab;stV evorcakkarlYcRTBüsm,tþiGñkdéT kar minRbRBwtþxuskñúgkam karmineBalBakükuhk nigkarminpwkTwkRsvwg nigeRKOgejonepSg² TaMgGs;enHcat;faCamUldæanénsIlFm’rbs; RKhsßTaMgLay sRmab;RbtibtþiCaRbcaMéf¶.

BYkBuT§sasnikCnmYycMnYn KitfaBYkeKsmaTannUvbBa©sIl eRBaHfaBYkeKCaBuT§sasnik ehIyRtUvEtRbtibtþiedayGnuelameTA tamGPismacarBuT§sasna tamBitBMudUecñHeLIy sikçabTenHKWBMuEmn Carbs;BuT§sasnikEtmñak;eT bu:EnþCarbs;mnusSCatiRKb;rUb CaGñk EdleFIVxøÜn[ceRmIn nigrs;enAkñúgesckIþsuxsnþiPaB. dUcenH buKÁl NaEdlcg;køayCamnusSminmaneTas b¤CamnusSRbkbedayemtþa enaHKW RtUvkarRbtibtþitamsikçabTsaklenHÉg. sasnaTaMgGs; )an[témøeTAelIRTwsþIsIlFm’ nigkarGnuvtþsIlFm’enaH² eday GnuelameTAtamkareRbonRbedAénemsasnarbs;xøÜn. bu:EnþCYnkal TsSn³sIlFm’sRmab;mnusSmYyRkum EtgxusBIsIlFm’rbs;Rkum déT eRBaHEtPaBxusKñarvagRbéBNI vb,Fm’CaedIm. ]TahrN_ kar smøab;CIvitmnusS RtUv)ancat;CaGMeBI)ab¬sin¦kñúgsasnaRKisþ Ékar smøab;stVk¾cat;CaGMeBIGkusl¬unwholsome¦kñúgBuT§sasna.

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Tak;TgeTAnwgsIl5enH ´)anpþl;RbwkSaCamYybuKÁlCaeRcIn enAkñúgshKmn_BuT§sasnikenAmCÄmNÐlsmaFitfaKt enAkñúgrdæ sancUes ¬San Jose¦. ]TahrN_ dUcCakñúgkrNI x)aNati)at enHCaedIm. enHCakrNImYykñúgcMeNamkrNICaeRcIn Edl´)anpþl; RbwkSa kalBICag2ExknøgeTAenH man])askmñak;)anbUCaya:gmaM kñúgBueT§avaT )anmkCYbédIm,IsMuGnusasn_. Kat;)anniyayR)ab;´fa {Kat;manbBaðamYyedaymþayrbs;Kat;manCm¶W>>>>>>ya:gF¶n;. mþay rbs;Kat;mankarQWcab;ya:gxøaMg eRBaHkardac;srésQam nig CalikaRTuDeRTamkñúgeCIgmçag lT§pleXIjfa eCIgrbs;Kat;RtUvEt kat; ebImindUecñaHeT karQWcab;nwgekIneLIg ehIyGacnwgbNþal [Kat;søab;Pøam². eyagtamsMdIelakevC¢bNÐit viFIEdll¥bMput KWsmrN_ ¬karpþac;CIvitedIm,IkMu[QWcab;¦ dUecñHevC¢bNÐit)anpþl; Gnusasn_fa Kat;nigbgRbusb¥ÚnRsITaMg4nak; KYrEtcuHhtßelxaelI RkdasRsbc,ab; edIm,IFanaelIkarcak;fñaMsmøab; sRmab;Ca RbeyaCn_dl;mþayrbs;Kat; eRBaHfa»kassRmab;rs;rbs;mþayKat; mantictYcNas; ehIyNamYy karQWcab;ecHEtekIneLIIgCalMdab; pg. cMENkÉbgb¥ÚnKat;TaMgGs; )anyl;RsbCamYyeyabl;rbs;; evC¢bNÐit bu:EnþcMeBaHrUbKat;vij mindwgRtUveFIVya:gNaeLIy eRBaH faKat;dwgfaenAkñúgsikçabT¬sIl¦ minGnuBaØati[smøab;CIviteLIy. Kat;)anR)ab;´fa {´xøacela ´)aneFIV)abkmµd¾F¶n;F¶r¬Gnnþriykmµ¦ mann½yfa kmµd¾manGMNacenH minGacnwgCMnYsedaykmµNadéT eTot edIm,Inwg)anekItkñúgTId¾RbesIrenaHeT eRBaHkaryl;RBmkñúgkar

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cak;fñaMsmøab;mþayrbs;xøÜnenaH ´mincg;RbRBwtþkmµd¾F¶n;edaykaryl; RsbnwgbBaðaenH ehtudUecñH ´BitCamindwgfaRtUveFIVya:gdUcemþc enaHeT}.

kñúgBuT§sasna manEcgGMBIGMeBI)abF¶n;5ya:g ¬bBa©annþri- ykmµ¦ EdlCakmµd¾GaRkk; nigF¶n;F¶rbMputeBalKW karsmøab;mata xøÜn1 karsmøab;bitaxøÜn1 karsmøab;RBHGrhnþ1 jaMugBuT§elahit [hUrecj1 nigkarbMEbksgÇ¬sgÇePT¦1. ehtuenH eTIb])ask rUbenH mankarsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkaryl;RBmcMeBaHerOgenaH. ´)anR)ab; Kat;fa {kñúgkrNIenH eXIjfaBi)akxøaMgNas; eyIgmindwgR)akdfa etIbMNgrbs;BYkeKRbkbedaykuslb¤Gt; BIeRBaHkrNImþayrbs; Gñk sßitenAeRkam\Ti§BlCak;lak; EdlGacfaTak;TgeTAnwgbBaða fvika b¤k¾minmancitþemtþakruNa. tameyabl;´pÞal; GñkminKYreFIV karseRmccitþNamYy EdlTak;TgfaetIKYreFIVb¤Gt;enaH. erOgEdl RbesIrbMput KWsuM[RKUeBTüxitxMemIlCm¶Wrbs;mþayGñk [Gs;BI smtßPaBrbs;Kat;cuH ehIyebIsßanPaBecHEtF¶n;F¶reTA² caMsuM[RKU eBTüeFIVGIV²eTAtamviFIeBTü ebImindUecñaHeT Gñknwgmanvib,disarI cMeBaHTegVIrbs;xøÜnkñúgeBlGnaKt rhUtdl;GñksMu[RKUeBTü eFIVGIV EdlTak;TgnwgkarGnuvtþtamevC¢sa®sþ[smKYr eRBaHehtuenaH Gñk nwgmin)armÖcMeBaHkarseRmccitþrbs;bgb¥ÚnGñk b¤k¾xøÜnGñkpÞal;eLIy }. bnÞab;mk ´k¾bBa©b;dMbUnµanenH ehIyKat;hak;dUcCarIkraybnþic ehIyKat;niyayfa {ńwgeFIVtameyabl;rbs;RBHetCKuN }. enA kñúgBuT§sasna karGnuvtþkñúgkarcak;fñaMsmøab;enH KWxusnwgsIlFm’

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edayBit BIeRBaHfavaCakarRbRBwtþelµIsnUvRkmsIlFm’TaMgRsug ehIyRtUv)aneKcat;Tukfakarsmøab;CIvitmnusSstVenH CaGMeBIeXar eXAbMputeTotpg.

sIlFm’ nign½ymUldæanrbs;mnusSCati sIlFm’Cac,ab;sakl ehIysIlFm’enH minEmnCakmµsiT§i

rbs;sasnaNamYydac;edayELkeLIy. eRBaHehtuenHehIy eTIb BYkBuT§sasnikBuMEdleBalGHGagfa sIlFm’CabTbBaØtþiEdlbegáIt eLIgedayRBHsmµasm<úT§ ehIyfasikçabTTaMgenH KWCaBaküeRbon RbedArbs;RBHBuT§TaMgGs;eLIy. CakarBit sIlFm’enHekIteLIg BItémømUldæanrbs;mnusS ]bmafaeyIgcg;ebotebonGñkdéT eRBaH EtKMnuM esckIþRcENnQñanIs sMGb;CaedIm ehIyebIeyIgtaMgxøÜneyIg CabuKÁlenaHvij muneBleyIgeFIVkarebotebonbuKÁlenaH ehIyeyIg BicarNaedayRtwmRtUvfa TegVIEdleyIgmanKMeragbMrugnwgeFIVenaH etI smRsbEdrb¤eT Pøam²enaHeyIgnwgeqøIyedayxøÜnÉgfa { eT´min cg;[TegIVenaHekIteLIgcMeBaHéLIy GMeBIenaHeXareXANas; Ca GMeBIGmnusSFm’ nigminyutþiFm’eLIy }. RbsinebIeyIgman GarmµN_ya:genH cMeBaHTegVImYycMnYnEdleyIgeRKagnwgeFIVenaH Ca karBit eyIgGacemIleXIjTegIVenaHfaCaGMeBIGyutþiFm’ nigGkusl Fm’. eRBaHehtuenaH sIlFm’KWCaPaBCak;EsþgéntémøEtmYyKt; rbs;eyIg nigGñkdéT. cMeBaHTsSn³enH RBHsm<úT§RTg;Rtas;fa {stVmanCIvitTaMgGs;EtgEtxøacdMbgb¤GaCJa nigP½yxøaccMeBaHesckIþ

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søab;RKb;²Kña }. eday)aneFIVxøÜnCaTI]bmaeTAnwgGñkdéTdUecñH ehIybuKÁlenaHBitCaminebotebon b¤smøab;stVmanCIviteLIy. etI manGñkNamñak;kñúgelakenH EdlminxøacesckIþsøab;eT? ehtuenH ´h‘anniyayfa sIlFm’KWCatémørbs;mnusSCatimYyRbePT Edldwk naMeyIg[rs;enAkñúgsnþiPaBenaH.

BuT§sasnikrkSasIlenH BMuEmnRKan;EtedaysareKKitfa enH CakarRbtibtþitamEbbsasnaEtmüa:gbu:eNÑaHeT bu:EnþeKEfmTaMg[ témødl;mnusSecHKitKUrdl;GñkdéT dUcCabuKÁlxøÜnÉgpÞal;Edr . BuT§sasnikCnBicarNcMeBaHsikçabTrbs;xøÜn nigKitya:geRCAeTAelI TegVIrbs;xøÜn muneBlBYkeKRbRBwtþelµIssikçabTenaH². GñkxøHGac niyayfa karRbtibtþiBuT§sasnaKWBitCaGtþTtßPaB BIeRBaHBYkeK rkSasIl edIm,ITTYlbuNükuslsRmab;buKÁlxøÜnÉg. tamBit kar niyaydUecñHBMuRtwmRtUveT karrkSasIlenH eFIV[GñkTaMgGs;rs;enA kñúgsnþiPaBnigsuxdumrmnaCamYymnusSCatiTaMgGs; edayBMumanGMeBI hwgSa. GPismacarGHGagfa{ sIlFm’RtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCakMNb; RTBüd¾mantémørbs;sgÁmmnusSCati nigCamUldæanénkarGPivDÆEpñk bBaØasµartI }.

BuT§sasna nigkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm sgÁmmnusSRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaymanrcnasm<½n§énGriy

Fm’ya:gx<g;x<s; ehIyrcnasm<½n§enH manPaBsµúKsµajCagrcna sm<½n§énstVmanCIvitdéT²eTot edaysarstibBaØarbs;mnusS nig

65

RTwsþITsSnviC¢a. dUcenH enAeBlmnusSbegáItrcnasm<½n§ kan;Etx<g; x<s;eLIgenaH mnusSnwgkan;EtmanbTbBaØtþi nigc,ab;Tmøab;kan;Et sµúKsµajeLIg²Edr. sIlFm’BuT§sasna mankarykcitþTukdak; ya:gxøaMgcMeBaHsuxumalPaBsgÁm nigPaBéføfñÚrrbs;smaCiksgÁm enaHpgEdr. BYkBuT§sasnikEtgBicarNafa vaBMuRKb;RKan;enaHeT edayRKan;EtrkSasIlR)aM edIm,I[mnusSrs;enA b¤edIm,IbegáItsgÁm EdlRbkbedaysnþiPaBmYYyenaH dUecñHsIlFm’BuT§sasna)anTTYl sÁal;faKYrEtmanc,ab;Tmøab; nigbTbBaØtþiepSg² kan;EteRcInsRmab; sgÁmeTIbCakarRbesIr.

enAkñúgBuT§sasna RkmsIlFm’ nigGPismacarsgÁm ekIt ecjBIsigÁaelavaTsURt kñúgKm<IrTIXnikayswgEtTaMgGs; cMENk ÉRkmsIlFm’xøHeTot )anRtUvdkRsg;ecjBInikayepSg²eTot man mCÄimnikayCaedIm ehIysIlFm’xøHeTot enAkñúgsigÁaelavaTsURt enH mansRmab;RBHsgÇpg nigxøHeTotsRmab;RKhsßpg bu:EnþeTaH Caya:genHkIþ k¾sIlFm’enHBMumanlkçN³dUcsikçabT EdlCaGana)ati emakç sRmab;PikçúsgÇEdlmanEcgenAkñúgvin½ybidkenaHeLIy. vaCa karRbesIr sRmab;RKhsßkñúgkarRbtibtþinUvsIlFm’enH edIm,ICa RbeyaCn_dl;buKÁlxøÜnpÞal; nigsgÁmpgenaH. rcnasm<½n§énsIl Fm’enH )andl;sgÁhFm’5ya:grbs;matabita katBVkic©5ya:grbs; buRtFIta tYnaTI5ya:grbs;RKhsßcMeBaHRBHsgÇ nigtYnaTI6ya:g rbs;RBHsgÇcMeBaHRKhsßCaedIm.

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enAkñúgsgÁmmnusS RKYsarRtUv)aneKcat;TukCasgÁmtUcmYy edayGnuelamtamTsSn³vis½yBuT§sasna. enAkñúgRKYsar «Buk mþayRtUv)ansnµt;faCaGñkdwknaM ehIykUnecACaRbCara®sþ dUecñHBYk Kat;RtUvmankatBVkic©cMeBaHkUnecA ebIBMudUecñaHeT eXIjfavamanlM)ak eRcInkñúgkarrkSatémøRKYsar [manesckIþsuxsuPmgÁlNas;. sIl Fm’BuT§sasna )anKUsbnÞat;rvag«BukmþaynigbuRtFIta² cMeBaH«Buk mþay eXIjfacaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkarbMeBjTMnYlxusRtUvrbs;xøÜncMeBaH KñaeTAvijeTAmk. katBVkic©5ya:grbs;matabita cMeBaHbuRtFIta enaHKW 1> hamR)amkUnmin[eFIVGMeBIGaRkk;RKb;ya:g 2> ENnaMnig elIkTwkcitþkUn[eFIVGMeBIl¥ 3> pþl;»kas[kUn)anTTYlkarGb;rMl¥ 4> EckrMElkekrmt’kdl;kUntamsmKYrdl;RTBüsm,tþi nig5> erob cMGaBah_BiBah_ [kUnsmKYrdl;eBlevla.

cMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;matabitaenH eXIjfasBVéf¶enH mata bitaxøH)anRBegIykenþIy BMu)anykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn ehIyEbrmkcab;GarmµN_cMeBaHesckIþsb,ayrbs;xøÜneTAvij. ´man karesaksþayNas; cMeBaHmatabitaEdlBMu)anbMeBjkatBVkic©rbs; xøÜn. ´)anpþl;eyabl;dl;narImñak; EdlmanCm¶WpøÚvcitþ eRBaHEtnag )aneFIVkMhusmYykñúgCIivit . kalBIR)aMqñaMmun nag)anElglHsVamI ehIyerobkarCamYybursmñak;eTot enAeBlenaHnag)anTukkUnRsI Gayu6qñaM [enACamYy«Buk ehIyBMu)anykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkUnenaH eLIy. R)aMmYyExmunenH bþIeRkay)anElglHCamYynag dUecñHnag manGarmµN_faÉeka ehIycg;Tak;TgCamYykUnRsInagvij bu:EnþkUn

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nag bdiesFBMuRBmCYbCamYynag edayniyayfanags¥b;mþaynag Nas; eRBaHCamþaycitþGaRkk; BMuEmnCamþaybegáItrbs;nageLIy. ®sþICamþayk¾manTukçya:gxøaMg edayBMudwgfaRtUveFIVya:gem:c cMeBaH kMhusrbs;xøÜn. nag)anyMenAcMeBaHmux´ dUecñHeTIb´)anR)ab;nagfa { buKÁlmankmµCarbs;xøÜn kmµKWTegIVRKb;ya:g EdlxøÜn)aneFIVehIy eTaHl¥kIþ GaRkk;kIþ buKÁlenaHnwgkøayCaTayaTKW Gñksñgplrbs; kmµenaH. dUcenH RbsinebIGñkcg;)anesckIþRsLaj;rbs;kUnRsI enaHmkvij GñkRtUvbgðajesckIþRsLaj;rbs;xøÜn cMeBaHkUnenaHCamun sineTIb)an}. RBHsm<úT§RTg;manbnÞÚlfa { matabitanwgCabuKÁl EdlBMuGaceRbobeFob)ancMeBaHbuRtFItarbs;xøÜn RbsinebIBYkeKman sm,tþi4ya:genHKW emtþa esckIþRsLaj;edayesµaH/ kruNa esckIþ GaNitGasUredayesµaH/ muTita PaBCaGñkmancitþeTarTn;eTArkkUn nig ]ebkça PaBCaGñkmancitþCakNþal }. ´manCMenOfa RbsinebI Gñk)anbMeBjkatBVkic©KWtYnaTIrbs;matabitaenaH Gñknwg)anTTYl GIV²BIkUnRsIenaHvij Cakartbsñgrbs;nagmkelIGñkCaminxan. eTaH Caya:gNa GñkKYrcgcaMfaGIV²RtUvkareBlevla. ´R)akdkñúfcitþfa Gñknwg)anTTYlnUvkIþRsLaj;rbs;kUnRsIenaHvij enAeBlNamYymin xan. enAeBl´Bnül;BIsßanPaBenaH ®sþICamþay)andwgBIkMhus rbs;xøÜn ehIy)anniyayR)ab´fa {nagnwgrg;caMcMeBaHkþIRsLaj; rbs;kUnenaH TnÞwmKñaenHEdr nagnwgbMeBjnUvRBhµviharFm’TaMg4 ya:grbs;matabitapgEdr}.

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sgÁmRKYsarnwgminGacmantulüPaBeLIy drabNabuRtFIta BMusUvmanTMnYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn ehtuenH eXIjfacaM )ac;Nas; sRmab;buRtFIta kñúgkarbMeBjnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;xøÜn cMeBaHmatabita edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_énsuxumalPaBsgÁmRKYsar nig esckIþsuxrbs;sgÁmmnusSTaMgmUl. katBVkic©5ya:g sRmab;buRt FItaRbtibtþicMeBaHmatabitarbs;;xøÜnKW 1> TMnukbMrugmatabitaeday bc©½yTaMgbYn 2> CYyeFIVkic©karpÞHCMnYs«Bukmþay 3> rkSaekrþ×vgS RtkUl 4> RbRBwtþxøÜn[smKYrnwgTTYlmt’k nig5> eFIVTkçiNanub,Tan edIm,IEckrMElkbuNükusl dl;matabitaEdlEckzaneTAehIy. CakarBit RkmsIlFm’enHBMuEmnsRmab;RKb;RKgsgÁmeT bu:EnþsRmab; CaviPaKTanén esckIþsuxekSmkSanþdl;mnusSCatiedayBit.

´BitCamankaresaksþayya:gxøaMgcMeBaHbuKÁl Edl)aneFIV RBegIykenþIyBMutbsñgKuNcMeBaHmatabitarbs;xøÜn. enAeBlmYy ´ )anCYbbursv½yekµgmñak;Edl)anniyayfa { BYkeyIgBitCaBMumankar dwgKuNcMeBaH«BukmþayeLIy BIeRBaHBYkKat;BMumanbMNgl¥ kñúgkar EfrkSakUnrbs;xøÜneLIy pÞúyeTAvij BYkKat;RKan;EtbMeBjnUvesckIþ sb,ayEpñkkamKuNCamYyKñaKat;Etbu:eNÑaH dUcenHBMucaM)ac;eFIVkar tbsñgsgKuNdl;BYkKat;GIVeLIy}. ´mankarPJak;ep¥Ilya:gxøaMg cMeBaHGIVEdlbursenaH)anniyay. dUecñH ´k¾)anR)ab;Kat;fa { RbesIr Nas; enHRKan;EtCaTsSn³¬karbkRsay¦ rbs;GñkcMeBaHkartb sñgsgbMNulén«Bukmþayrbs;GñkEtbu:eNÑaH bu:Enþćg;sYrfaetI«Buk mþayrbs;Gñk)anRBegIykenþIy BMu)anbMeBjtYnaTIrbs;Kat; cMeBaH

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kUn² b¤ya:gNa?} bursenaHniyayfa { Kat;BMu)ane)aHbg;ecalnUv PaBTMnYlxusRtUv nigkarbMeBjtYnaTIrbs;Kat;cMeBaHeyIgeLIy }. ´k¾R)ab;Kat;eTotfa { GñkKYrEteQVgyl;BIkþIRsLaj;rbs;«Bukmþay Gñk[)anc,as;. EmnBit BYkKat;BMuEdlxVl;faetIkUn² yl;BIesckIþ RsLaj;rbs;BYkKat; b¤minyl;enaHeT BIeRBaHBYkKat;mankIþRsLaj; cMeBaHkUn²rbs;xøÜnedayBMumanl½kçx½NÐeLIy. bu:EnþRbsinebIGñkyl; BIkþIRsLaj; EdlminGacKNnanigKµanRBMEdncMeBaHGñk bnÞab;BIBYk Kat;EckzaneTAehIyenaH eXIjfavahYseBleTAehIy dUcenH´sUm rMlwkGñkfa ebIeTaHCaGñkmincg;EfrkSaBYkKat;k¾eday sUmEtkMueFIV [BYkKat;Bi)akcitþtamry³karRbRBwtþGaRkk;edaykay vaca citþ nig minbnÞabbenßakkIþRsLaj;rbs;BYkKat; tamkarRbRBwtþTegIVminsm rmü ebIBMuenaHeT «BukmþayGñknwgBMumanesckIþsuxeLIy}. eTaHbI Caya:genHkþI bursenaHBMu)anbgðajBIkaryl;RsbCamYyeyabl; rbs;éLIyenAeBlenaH ehIyCaGkusl mþayrbs;Kat;)aneFIV Gnic©kmµeTAedayCm¶WsYt. BIrbIExknøgeTAenH Kat;)anmkCYb´ ehIyyMsþaycMeBaHkar)at;bg;mþayrbs;xøÜn Kat;)anniyayR)ab;́ faKat;mankaresaksþaycMeBaHmþayKat;xøaMgNas; ehIyCakarBit ´k¾mankaresaksþaypgEdr.

enAkñúgsgÁm enAmanRkumEdlsMxan;mYyepSgeTot Edlrs; enAya:gCitsñiT§nwgGñk Edl)anykcitþTukdak;emIlEfRkumdéTeTot edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;karGPivDÆsgÁmFm’nigsµartI enaHKW)andl;Rkum RBHsgÇ nigRKhsßenaHÉg. RBHsgÇ)anTTYlbc©½ycaM)ac; dUcCa

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Gahar ¬biNÐ)at¦ sMelokbMBak;¬cIvr¦ TICMrk ¬esnasn³¦ nig fñaMEkeraK ¬KilanePsC¢³¦BIRKhsß dUcenHCakartbsñg RBHsgÇ elak)anpþl;»vaTCaFmµTan CakareRbonRbedAtamEbbsasnadl; BYkRKhsßvij. eRBaHEtBYkeKRtUvBwgBak;KñaeTAvijeTAmk eTIbkatBV kic©sgÁmRtUvFøak;eTAelIKñaeTAvijeTAmkEdr. enAkñúgBuT§sasnaman katBVkic©5ya:g sRmab;RKhsßRbtibtþicMeBaHRBHsgÇKW ³ 1> eday kaykmµRbkbedayemtþa 2> edayvcIkmµRbkbedayemtþa 3> eday menakmµRbkbedayemtþa 4> CaGñkminbiTTVarpÞH5 5> edaykiiriya [nUvGamIsTan.

shKmn_BuT§sasnikenAEtRbtibtþikatBVkic©enH ebIeTaHbICa BYkeKrs;enARbeTselakxaglic dUcCa Gaemrik kaNada Gg;eKøs nigGU®sþalIk¾eday ehIyeyIgCaRBHsgÇ Etg)anTTYlkarnimnþeTA eFIVsgÇTan enApÞHrbs;RKhsßCajwkjab; ehIyPaKeRcInenAéf¶ esAr_nigéf¶GaTitüCaedIm. enAeBleyIgeTAdl;pÞH BYkeKTTYl sVaKmn_ya:gkk;ekþA ehIyRbeKncgðan;nigsmÖar³caM)ac;epSg²eTot dUcCacIvr fñaMEkeraK rYmCamYybc©½ysRmab;sagsg;kudi TIesnasn³ epSg² RBmTaMgvtßúCaTItRmUvkardéTeTot sRmab;CIvitRbcaMéf¶ man RTnab;eCIg esovePA b‘ícCaedIm. BYkRKhsßTaMgenHmanbMNgkñúgkar rkSaRbéBNI vb,Fm’GasIurbs;xøÜn eTaHbICaBYkeKrs;enAkñúgshrdæ

5 elaksMedAykkarebIkTVarsVaKmn_cMeBaHRBHsgÇ ¬minbiTTVarpÞHeBleXIjelak nimnþRtac; biNÐ)aRtenAeBlRBwkCaedIm¦.

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ehIyk¾eday. edaysarEtTegIVCasb,úrs eyIgCaRBHsgÇmankar sb,ayrIkray nigeBareBjedaypasukPaBkñúgCIvitCasgÇ.

enAkñúgsgÁm CaFmµtaeKEtgEtmanPaBTTYlxusRtUv kñúg enaHenAeBlbuKÁlkan;EtmanGP½yÉksiT§ieRcIn buKÁlkan;Etmankar TTYlxusRtUvx<s;.dUcenHTaMgPikçú nigPikçúnIminGacgakmuxecjBIbuKÁl GñkTMnukbMrug edaysarPaBTMnYlxusRtUvsgÁm )anpSarP¢ab;RBHsgÇ CamYynwgRKhsß. TMnYlxusRtUvenH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCatémøsgÁm mYYy EdlniyayBITMnak;TMngrvagbuKÁlBIrRkumKW RBHsgÇnigRKhsß enHÉg. RBHsgÇmantYnaTI 6 ya:gsRmab;tbsñgdl;RKhsßvijKW 1> hamR)amRKhsßmin[eFIVGMeBIGaRkk; 2> pþl;»vaTdl;BYkeK [xMeFIVGMeBIl¥ 3> RsLaj;BYkeKedayesµaHsminEmnCakIþRsLaj; Cab;CMBak;edaytNða 4> eRbonRbedAnUvGIVEdlBYkKat;BMuEdl)anlWBI munmk 5> EktRmg;nigeFIV[c,as;nUvGIVEdlKat;Føab;)anlWmkehIy 6> bgðajBIpøÚveTAkan;sßansYK’ . ´manCMenOya:gmutmaMfakarTTYl xusRtUvrbs;RBHsgÇ nwg)anRbeyaCn_ya:gBitR)akd dl;BYkBuT§- bris½TkñúgkarGPivDÆEpñkstibBaØasµartIrbs;xøÜn.

PikçúnigPikçúnI caM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarbMeBjkatBVkic©sasna edIm,I eFIV[RKhsßGacceRmInnUvplanisgSerog²xøÜn EdlGaceFIV[BYkeK rlas;xøÜnputBIesckIþTukçkñúgsgSarvdþ. ]bmafaĆaecAGFikar nigCa TIRbwkSaenAmCÄmNÐlsmaFitfaKt dUecñH ´mankic©karCaeRcInEdl RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHmCÄmNÐl ehIykic©karsMxan;²KW kardwknaM kareFIVsmaFi begáItkmµviFIGb;rMsRmab;yuvv½yekµg² RKb;RKgskmµ

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PaBrbs;mCÄmNÐl TTYlsVaKmn_ePJóvmkdl;fµI pþl;RbwkSadl;buKÁl EdlRtUvkarelIkTwkcitþ nigpþl;dMbUnµandl;buKÁl EdlCYbbBaðaepSg² kñúgsgÁm edayGnuelameTAtamBaküeRbonRbedArbs;RBHBuT§brm RKU dUecñHebIeTaHCaeyIgBMu)anecjeTAeFIVkarxageRkA edIm,IciBa©wmCIvit k¾eday EteyIgmankarmmajwkya:gsem,Im kñúgkarbMeBjkatBVkic© sasna CaBiessenAéf¶esAr_nigéf¶GaTitü. enAkñúgéf¶TaMgenH BYk RKhsßCaTUeTAnaMKñaeTARbtibtþiFm’ eFIVsmaFi RbeKncgðan;dl;RBH sgÇ nigeFIVkic©karepSg² eTotenAkñúgmCÄmNÐlsmaFienH.

enAmankareRbonRbedACaeRcIneTot EdlmansEmþgenAkñúg sigÁaelavaTsURt dUcCatYnaTIrbs;bþIRbBn§sRmab;RkumRKYsar tYnaTI RKUnigsisS nigtYnaTImitþPkiþCaedIm. tYnaTIdUc)aneBalmkxagelI enH KWCakarTTYlxusRtUveRcInCaRkmsIlFm’. sIlFm’BuT§sasna RtUv)anepþatya:gsMxan;eTAelIkar smaTansIlR)aM¬nic©sIl¦ edIm,I CakarCMruj[buKÁlmansIlFm’l¥ edIm,IeFIV[sgÁmsßitenAkñúgsnþiPaB nigPaBsuxdumrmna bu:EnþtYnaTIenH KYrEtRtUv)anbMeBjedayRkum buKÁlnImYy². CalT§pl témøRKYsarnigsgÁmekIneLIg ehIy mnusSkñúgsgÁm nwgrs;enAeBareBjedayesckIþsuxekSmkSanþ.

RkmsIlFm’ nig TsSn³kmµ enAkñúgRkmsIlFm’ kmµTsSn³manlkçN³xusBIplniym

edayEp¥kelITsSn³kmµ { sIlFm’ EdlEp¥kelIRkitüRkm)andak;n½y faTegIVEdlRtwmRtUvenaH RbsinebIvaRsbCamYyRkitüRkmEdlRtwm

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RtUv ¬EdlfaRkitüRkmEdlRtwmRtUvenaH mincaM)ac;eyageTAelIpl énTegVIenaHeLIy¦ ehIyfaTegIVenaHxus enAeBlEdlTegIVenaHRtUv )anRbRBwtþelµIsRkitüRkmenaH² }. enAkñúgTsSn³TaMgBIrenH Rkm sIlFm’mansar³sMxan;Nas; cMeBaHsIlFm’ minRKan;EtCaTMB½r én RkmEdlmanRbeyaCn_bu:eNÑaHeT. enHmann½yfaRkitüRkmnImYy² KYrEtman { RbB½n§sIlFm’EdlEp¥kelIRkitmYy } BIeRBaHfaRbB½n§ sIlFm’enHpÞúkeTAedayRkitüRkmya:geRcInpgEdr. bu:EnþGñkpl niym)anCECkfa RkitüRkmmYy caM)ac;RtUvEteyageTAelIplrbs; kmµ EdlbegáItplya:gl¥RbesIr.

Ca]TahrN_Tak;TgerOgsmøab;CIvit TsSn³kmµ)anpþl;viPaK famnusSRKb;rUbmansiT§i edIm,Irs;ranmanCIvit ehIybuKÁldéTman karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkatBVkic©enaHKW minrMelaPbMBanelIsiT§ienaH edaysmøab;buKÁlNamYy dUecñHRkmsIlFm’ EdlhamR)ammin[ smøab;enaH )ankarBarsiT§irs;ranrbs;buKÁldéT. dUcKñaenHEdr vaRtUv)aneKyl;Rsbya:gTUlMTUlayfa mnusSRKb;rUbmansiT§irYcput BIkarrMelaPbMBan eRBaHehtuenaH buKÁldéTmantYnaTIminRtUveRCot ERCkrMelaPbMBansiT§ÉkCnenaHeLIy ehIyRkmsIlFm’mantYnaTI RbqaMgcMeBaHkarrMelaPbMBansiT§iÉkCn eBalKWsiT§irYcputBIkarrMelaP bMBanenaH. eRBaHehtuenaH eyIgeXIjya:gc,as;fa RkmsIlFm’ rbs;GñkkmµTsSn³ manlkçN³xusKña BIRkmsIlFm’rbs;Gñkpl niym.

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RkmsIlFm’énkmµTsSn³enH PaKeRcInRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; edayGPismacarBuT§sasna. ]TahrN_ebIeTaHbICaGñksmÖar³niym Gacnwgniyayfa vaGacmanpll¥RbesIrcMeBaHkmµNamYy Rbsin ebIectnaRbkbedaykuslectna bu:EnþGPismacarBuT§sasna kan; ykfa vaminGacGnuBaØati[eFIVGMeBI EdlGacebotebondl;Cnrg eRKaH ebIeTaHCaGMeBIenaHGac[pll¥k¾eday. enHBIeRBaHfa Rkm sIlFm’enH KYrRtUvEtCaRbeyaCn_dl;mnusSRKb;rUb )andl;buKÁlTI1 buKÁlTI2 nigbuKÁlTI3. ]bmafamanGñkdwknaMpþac;karEdleFIV[ RbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTsrgTukçKµanTIbBa©b; eBleXIjsßanPaBdUecñH buKÁlTI1cg;smøab;Cnpþac;karenaH¬buKÁlTI2¦. Ep¥kelIGPismacar BuT§sasna GMeBIenaHminRtUv)anGnuBaØati[eFVIeLIy bu:Enþeyagtam c,ab;kmµRbsinebIKat;smøab;Cnpþac;karenaH BIeRBaHEtkarRBYy)armÖ ya:gxøaMg cMeBaHesckIþsuxrbs;mnusSTUeTA ¬buKÁlTI3¦ RkitüRkm enaHGacnwgRsaleLIg eRBaHKat;)anse®gÁaHmnusSCaeRcIn ecjBI esckIþTukç. bu:EnþebIbuKÁlGacrkmeFüa)ay EdlRbesIrCagenH eday Kµankarkab;smøab;enaH eXIjfaCakarRbesIrNas; meFüa)ayenH GacnwgTTYlyk)anya:gTUlMTUlaybMputenAkñúgTsSn³BuT§sasna.

Casegçb GPismacarBuT§sasna KWepþatCaKnøwHeTAelIRkm sIlFm’ BuT§sasnikeBalfaRkmsIlFm’KWCaRkm EdldwknaMeTA kan;TegIVEdlKµaneTas nigKµankarebotebon mindUcCaGñksmÖar³ niym nigGñkplniymeLIy GPismacarBuT§sasna )anpþl;kar BicarNasRmab;TegIVRKb;ya:g. ectnaCakusl kan;Etmansar³

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sMxan;Cagpl ]bmafaKµanectnanwgRbRBwtþxus TegIVenaHmin)ancat; faCaGMeBIGaRkk;eLIy eRBaHfaTegIVenaHxVHGkuslectna eday ]TahrN_famanbursxVak;mñak; edIreTAtampøÚvrbs;Kat; CYnCaécdnü Kat;CMBb;eCIgeTAelIekµgtUcEdlGgÁúyenAelIpøÚvenaH ehIyekµgenaH k¾søab;eTA. Ep¥kelIGPismacarBuT§sasna bursxVak;enaHKµaneTaseT eRBaHKat;KµanGkuslectnanwgsmøab;ekµgenaHeLIy ebIeTaHCaTegIV enaH)an[plGaRkk;k¾eday dUecñHBuT§sasnikmanCMenOya:gmaMfa kuslectnamansar³sMxan;Cagpl eRBaHfakuslectna rEmg[ pll¥kñúgkalCaTIbMput.

eyIgBüayameQVgyl;BImnusS kñúgGPismacarBuT§sasna edaykarKUsbnÞat; ]TahrN_fa GPismacarBuT§sasna KWCaRkm sIlFm’EdlRbkbedayRkitüRkml¥. RkmsIlFm’enHCaRkitüRkm Ep¥kelIn½ysIlFm’. ]TahrN_ TegIVEdlbuKÁleFIVedayeyagtam RkmsIlFm’cat;Tukfal¥ BIeRBaHTegIVenaHKµaneTas nigKµankarebot ebon. müa:gvijeTot RkmsIlFm’enHCaRbePTRkm Edldak;kar TTYlxusRtUvelIGñkeFIV cMeBaHTegIVnigplrbs;xøÜn. dUecñH eyIgeBal favaCakarcaM)ac;Nas;sMrab;buKÁlmñak;² kñúgkareFIVGIV²RsbtameKal Fm’ ¬maK’aCIvit¦ edIm,IkarBarxøÜnBIkardak;eTasTNÐBIGaCJaFr nig edIm,IeFIV[GñkdéTrYcputBIPaBP½yxøac. edaykareFIVdUecñH eyIgeCO faTegIVrbs;buKÁlnwg[pll¥ edIm,IesckIþsuxdl;stVelakTUeTA.

cb;CMBUk3

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CMBUk4

RBHFm’ maKa’énCIvit enAkñúgBuT§sasana ktþaEdlsMxan;bMputKW RBHFm’ eBalKW maK’aénCIvit. maKa’TaMgenH rYmTaMgkarceRmInsgÁmFm’ nigsµartI EdlRtUv)aneKsÁal;fa GdægÁikmKÁ ¬maKa’GgÁR)aMbI¦. BYkBuT§sasnik manCMenOfa ebIKµanRBHFm’eT CIvitrbs;BYkeKnwgxVHnUvtémøénsgÁm Fm’ nigsµartICaR)akd .

kartmál;xøÜn KWCalkçN³Biesséntémørbs;buKÁlmñak;² ehIydwknaMbuKÁleTAkan;snþiPaB suxdumrmnadl;buKÁlxøÜnÉg nigGñk déTpg. BYkBuT§sasnikeBalfa BYkeKeKarBya:gRCaleRCA nigedIr tamKnøgénRBHFm’ ¬BueT§avaT¦ nigkarbeRgonrbs;RBHsgÇ BIeRBaH elakCaGñkdwknaMEpñksµartIenAkñúgsgÁm ehIydwknaMRbCabris½TeTA kan;karGPivDÆ EpñksgÁmFm’ nigEpñksµartI edayGnuelameTAtam RBHFm’ EdlGaceFVIeGayBuT§bris½TmantulüPaB cMeBaHTegVIrbs;xøÜn tamry³kay vaca citþ . karhVwkhat;enH )anbeRgon[buKÁl ecosvag\viyabfGm ¬GnþFm’¦ eRBaHehtuenH sIlFm’BuT§sasna CMruj[buKÁleFVIÉtTKÁkmµ kñúgkarykéRtsrNKmn_CaTIBwgTIrlwk enAkñúgCIvPaBsasna. éRtsrNKmn_enH )andl;RBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ ehIyBuT§sasnikykéRtr½tñenHCaTIBwgTIrlwk kñúgCIvitRbcaM éf¶ . tamRbéBNImk eyIgEtgniyayfa { ´sUmdl;nUvRBHBuT§ Ca

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TIBwgTIrlwk/ ´sUmdl;nUvRBHFm’CaTIBwgTIrlwk/ ´sUmdl;nUvRBHsgÇ CaTIBwgTIrlwk } . buKÁlGacnwgsYrńUvsMnYrmYyfa } ehtuGVI)anCaeyIgRtUvyk RBHéRtsrNKmn_CaTIBwg? etImankarBi)ak kñúgkarTTYl)aneCaK C½yépñksµartIedayBuM)andl;nUvéRtr½tñCaTIBwgb¤? cMelIyrbs;´KWfa {BitCaBi)ak} BIeRBaHeKalbMNgénkarykéRtsrNKmn_ KWedIm,I taMgcitþya:gmaMcMeBaHéRtr½tñ. enHmann½yfa buKÁlnwgedIrtammKÁú- eTsn_ EdlENnaMedayRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ . b:uEnþRBHBuT§GgÁ Rtas;bBa¢ak;fa { KµankarFanapÞal;xøÜneT cMeBaHkar)andl;eKaledA enaH edayELkRBHGgÁRTg;manbnÞÚlfa { GñkxøÜnÉgKYrEtBüayam edayxøÜnÉg tfaKtRKan;EtCaRKUGñkEdlbgðajpøÚvEtb:ueNÑaH . buKÁl EdlcUleTAkan;maKa’ ¬mKÁ¦ ehIyRbtibtþismf nigvibsSna nwg)an rYccakputGasvkiels }.

buKÁlCaTIBwgxøÜnÉg enHhak;bIdUcCamanPaBpÞúyKña rvagRBHbnÞÚlrbs;RBHBuT§GgÁ nigkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg enHBIeRBaHRBHBuT§RTg;sMEdgfa { buKÁCaTIBwg xøÜnÉg ¬ Gtaþ hi Gtþena naefa ¦ nigfaetIGñkdéTGacCa TIBwgdl;xøÜndUcemþc)an ¬eka hi naefa bera siya ¦?.

tamBit BMumanPaBpÞúyKñaeT rvagbT)alITaMgBIrXøaxagelI enH. bT)alITaMgenH mann½yfa buKÁlKYrEtCaTIBwgxøÜnÉgkñúgkar RbtibtþiFm’ sRmab;PaBeCaKC½yrbs;xøÜn edayGnuelamtam

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BueT§avaT. enHBIeRBaHfa KµannrNaGacceRmInsgÁmFm’ nigsaµrtI CMnYsnrNa)aneLIy buKÁlRtUvEtCYyxøÜnÉg. kñúgkrNIenH RBHBuT§ RTg;manRBHbnÞÚlya:gc,as;fa { CakarBit GMeBIGaRkk;RtUv)aneFVI edayxøÜnÉg buKÁlbegáItkielsedayxøÜnÉg brisuT§b¤minbrisuT§ KWGaRs½yelIxøÜnÉg KµannrNaGacbnSúT§[eK)aneLIy}. RBHBuT§ bnÞÚlenH manCIvitrs;revIkkñúgBuT§sasna . CaTUeTA RbCaCnEtgEt Cab;CMBak;cMeBaHxøÜnrbs;BYkeK eRBaHehtuenH BYkeKrEmgekItTukç Ca mYyGñkdéTkñúgxN³enH nigeBlxagmux . BYkeKBMueBjcitþcMeBaH buKÁlepSg² dUcCakUnecA/ mitþPkþi nigjatisac;saelahiteLIy . BIrbIs)þah_knøgeTAenH man])asikamñak;EdlenA San Jose

)anmkCYbédIm,IsMueyabl;. Kat;manesckIþTukçya:gxøaMgcMeBaHkUn² enHBIeRBaHKat;sgÇwmfakUn²rbs;Kat; nwgrs;enACamYyKat;RBmTaMg sVamIenAkñúgpÞHEtmYy nwgCYybg;R)ak;km©I¬x©I¦CamYyKñadUecñH eTIbKat; GacsnSMR)ak;xøHsRmab;RKYsar. edaykþIrMBwgenH Kat;nigsaVmI)an TijpÞHFMfµI edaymanbnÞb;sMranþR)aMbnÞb; b:uEnþkUnTaMgbInak;rbs;Kat; )ancakecjeTAkan;kEnøgepSg kñúgry³eBlbu:naµnExeRkaymkenH edIm,IEsVgrkesrIPaBerog²xøÜn ehIyCalT§pl RsþICamþayRtUvEtlk; pÞHedaysarkarlM)akEpñkfvika dUecñHKat;ekItTukçBMusb,aycitþcMeBaH kUn² ehIysþIbenÞasBYkeKGMBITegVIGktþBaØÚrbs;BYkeKenH . ´)anpþl; Gnusasn_fa { cUrcgcaMnUvRBHbnÞÚlrbs;RBHsm<úT§³ buKÁlCaTIBwgén xøÜnÉg buKÁldéTetIGñkNahñ+ nwgCaTIBwg)an . CakarBit maneBl xøH sUm,IEtbuKÁlxøÜnÉg k¾minGaceBjcitþCamYynwgxøÜnÉgpg etIGac

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[GñkdéTeBjcitþCamYyeyIgemþcekIt? ehIy´R)ab;Kat;fa {Rbsin ebIKat;cg;rs;enAedaysuxsnþiPaB Kat;RtUvdwgBIrebobsRmbsRmYl cMeBaHkal³eTs³ EdlERbRbYlkñúgCIvit edayrYmTaMgkUnecA jati saelahit nigmitþPkþi RTBüsm,tþiCaedIm .l. ´manCMenOfa CIvit nwgminEdlmanyutþiFm’sRmab;Gñkral;KñaeLIy BIeRBaHmnusSesÞIrEt RKb;Kña rEmgcg;)anplRbeyaCn_BIGñkdéTCanic© dUecñHkaryl;BI FmµCatiénCIvitnwgnaMmknUvsuxs¶b;. ´sgÇwmfa GñkGacbegáItsnþi- PaB nigesßrPaBkñúgCIvitrbs;Gñk)an tamry³kareQVgyl;RBH Fm’}. CalT§pl Kat;TTYlykeyabl;rbs;ýa:grIkray ehIy niyayeTAkan;xøÜnKat;fa {CIvitnwgminEdlmanyutþiFm’eLIy} . kñúgcMeNaméRtr½tñenH RBHFm’mansar³sMxan;Cagrtn³déTBIr eTot BIeRBaHRBHFm’ b¤BueTa§vaTdUcCak,Únb¤TUk ehIykarRbtibtþiRBH Fm’ eRbobdUcCakarEcvTUkeTAkan;eRtIyxagnay¬esrIPaB¦ b¤q¶ay cakkielsTaMgBYg . buKÁlEdlykTICRmkenAelITUkénRBHFm’ KW CabuKÁlenABuMTan;manesrIPaBenAeLIy }. b:uEnþCaRbéBNI BuT§sas- nikykéRtsrNKmn_CaTICRmk. CakarBit BYkeKykxøÜnÉgCaTIBwg TIrlwk edIm,IRbtibtþiRBHFm’ . GPismacarBuT§sasna)ansgát;F¶n;fa BuT§sasnikKYrEtdl; nUvRBHFm’CaTIBwg eRBaHRBHFm’CamaKa’ sRmab;rs;enAkñúgCIvitrbs;xøÜn CamaKa’edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðasgÁm . enAkñúgXøaxagelIenH RBHFm’ RsedogKñaeTAnwgevC¢bBa¢arbs;RKUeBTüEdr. ]TahrN_fa GñkCm¶WGan evC¢bBa¢aedayRbugRby½tþ ehIyelbfñaM[RtUvtamkarENnaMenaH Ca

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lT§pleXIjfa Cm¶WEdlrauMér:enaH GacnwgRtUv)anBüa)al[CasH es,Iy dUecñHKat;nwgmanesckþIsb,ayeRtkGr\t]bma RBmTaMg niyayBaküfaGrKuNdl;elakRKUeBTü Edl)anrkeXIj»sfd¾skþi siT§ ehIyKat;k¾nwgEføgGMNrKuNmþgehIymþgeTot dl;RKUeBTü Edl)anCYyBüa)alCm¶Wrbs;Kat; . CabnþeTAeTot lkçN³BiessRsedogKñaenH BYkBuT§sasnik )aneBalfa RBHBuT§eRbobdUcCaRKUeBTüd¾cMNanenaHÉg ehIyRBH sgÇeRbobeTAnwgRKUeBTüGaCIvFmµta EdldwgBIrebobBüa)ald¾sm KYrdl;Cm¶W. GñkCm¶WeRbobeTAnwgGñkkan;BuT§sasnaenHÉg ¬stV elak¦ ehIyCm¶WraMuér:enaHKWCm¶WénbBaðasgÁm nigPaBclaclpøÚvcitþ PaBTn;exSayxagR)aCaJsµartI nigkgVHsIlFm’ . CakarBitNas; EdlfaRBHFm’eRbob)annwgevC¢bBa¢a BYkBuT§sasnikEtgman CMenOfa RbsinebIbuKÁlRKan;EtGanEtRTwsþIénRBHFm’ bu:EnþBuMEdl)anhVwkhat; b¤Rbtibtþi[)anRtwmRtUv buKÁlnwgminRCHføaeRtkGrCamYynwgRBHBuT§ KuN RBHFmµKuN RBHsgÇKuNeLIy . pÞúyeTAvij buKÁlEdlRCHføa cMeBaHFmµKuN nwgGacdl;nUvRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇCaTIBwgTI rlwkedayBit .

KuNFm’rbs;éRtsrNKmn_ BuT§sasniksMedAykRBHBuT§smNeKatm faCaRBHBuT§kñúg RbvtþisaRsþ EdlCaGñkbegáItRBHBuT§sasna . RBHGgÁBMuEmnCaRBH GaTieTBeT b:uuEnþRBHGgÁCamnusSGs©arü nigCaRKUbeRgonsµartIEdl

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RbkbedaykurNanigbBaØajaN RBHGgÁmaneQaµHfaRBHBuT§ eRBaH }RBHGgÁCaGñkRtas;dwg CaGñkPJak;rlwk }. RBHBuT§)anrkeXIjnUv FmµCatiBiténRBHFm’¬Griysc©³bYneBalKWesckþIBitCasakl¦ tam ry³karRbtibtþi RbkbeTAedayPaBeCaKC½y RBmTaMgbBaØad¾kMBUl rbs;RBHGgÁ. CakarBitFmµCatienH mansßitenAkñúgelakenHCayUr mkehIy KWtaMgEtBImunRBHBuT§)anRtas;mkem:øH. RBHGgÁ)anbeRgon sav½krbs;RBHGgÁ BIrebobGnuvtþRBHFm’sRmab;karGPivDÆ¬ceRmIn¦ sµartInigsgÁmFm’ nigsRmab;sßabnasuxsnþiPaB. RBHGgÁk¾RtUv)an eKsÁal;pgEdrfaCaRBHsBVBaØÚBuT§} ¬buKÁldwgRKb;ya:gkñúgelak¦ b¤ EdlRbkbedaysBVBaØútBaØaN²enH manlkçN³BiessbIya:gKW³ smtßPaBGacdwgsc©PaBRKb;ya:genAkñúgcRkvaLenH1 jaNGac dwgBIrebobeTsnad¾smKYrdl;eBlevla Fm’NasmnwgbuKÁlEbb Na1 nigjaNGacdwgfaetI R)aCaJjaNrbs;buKÁlNamYycas;køa b¤Gt;1. edaymanlkçN³Biess R)aCaJjaNd¾kMBUlenHehIy eTIb RBHGgÁRtas;edayxøÜnÉgehIy eFVI[GñkdéTRtas;dwgpgR)ascak BIGviC¢a¬emah³¦ eRBaHehtuenH eTIbBYkBuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa RBH BuT§CabuKÁlTTYlnUvkareKarBbUCaya:gGs;BIebHdUg cMeBaHesckþI kruNanigbBaØajaNrbs;RBHGgÁ . srNKmn_TI2KWRBHFm’ Baküfa Fm’ b¤Fmµ mann½yeRcIn ya:gdUcCa sc©PaB bTdæan c,ab; RTwsþI yutþiFm’ sucritFm’ rebobrs; enA GarmµN_rbs;citþ nig)atuPUtCaedIm . RBHFm’enHpÞúkkñúgRBHéRt bidkKW vin½ybidk ¬keBa¢IEdlpÞúkedayc,ab;RkitüRkmbTbBØatþi

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sRmab;sgÇ¦ sutþnþbidk ¬keBa¢IpÞúkedayRBHsURt¦ nigGPiFmµbidk ¬keBa¢IpÞúkedayTsSn³viCa¢nigcitþviC¢a¦. BuT§sasnik)anGnuvtþBueT§a vaT enAkñúgsgÁmbc©úb,nñtamrebobbIya:gKW³ eFVIeGaymanyutþiFm’ kñúgsgÁm nigceRmInsaµrtICamYynwgPaBeCaKC½yrbs;xøÜn nigsux snþiPaBkñúgCIvit1 eFVIeGaysgÁmkøayCakEnøgsMbUrsb,ay ÉkPaB Kña1 nigedIm,IseRmc)andl;eKaledAcugeRkayeBalKW RBHniBaVn enaHÉg . srNKmn_TIbIKWRBHsgÇ EdlrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgPikçúnigPikçúnI. kñúg BuT§sasnamnusSRKb;Kñaman»kas edIm,IbYsCasgÇ manPikçú PikçúnI edayKµankarerIseGIgcMeBaHCnCati sBa¢ati vNÑ³ ePT b¤Gayu eLIy. mansgÇBIrya:gkñúgKN³sgÇenHKW smµtisgÇ nigGriysgÇ . KN³sgÇTIBIr eBalKWbuKÁlEdl)anseRmcmKÁpl¬karRtas;dwg¦ buKÁlBYkenHRtUv)an[eQµaHfa GriysgÇ . BuT§sasnikyksgÇ CaTIBwgTIrlwkedayrYmTaMgsmµtisgÇ nigGriysgÇenH. RBHGtßkfa carüeBalfa GriysgÇenaH rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgsgÇ nigRKhsßEdl)an seRmcmKÁplrYcehIypgEdr . enAkñúgsgÁmBuT§sasnik BMumankarykéRtsrNKmn_CaFMdMu enaHeT KWBuT§sasnikdl;nUvRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ CaTIBwgTIrlwk ya:gsamBaØ b:uEnþenAkñúgcMeNamBuT§sasnikTaMgGs; kMriténkaryl; dwgcMBaHKuNéRtr½tñ KWmankMritxusKñarvagmnusSmñak; eTAmnusS mñak;eTot. mnusSmYycMnYn Gacdl;nUvéRtsrNKmn_ CaTIBwgkñúg eKaledAsasna kñúgxN³EdlGñkxøHdl;nUvéRtr½tñCaTIBwgTIrlwk kñúg

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eKalbMNgrkSaRbéBNIEtb:ueNÑaH. dUecñH eKalbMNgrbs;BYkeK eXIjfaepSg²BIKña . ehIyxøHeTot cab;ykéRtsrNKmn_ edIm,I CaRbeyaCn_kñúgkarGPivDÆsaµrtI xøHeTotsRmab;PaBeCaKC½ykñúg elakIy_enH xøHeTotsRmab;CaeRKOgkarBarCIvitnwgRTBüsm,tþirbs; BYkeK. kñúgbBaðaBitR)akdenaH enAeBlEdlbuKÁleRtkGrcMeBaH RBHBuT§KuN RBHFmµKuN RBHsgÇKuN ehIybuKÁlnwgdl;nUvéRtr½tñCa TIBwgRbkbedaysT§a edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_sRmab;PaBeCaKC½yépñk sµartI nigsgÁmFm’ .

\riyabfBuT§sasnik cMeBaHesrIPaBsasna

maKa’rbs;BuT§sasnik KWedIm,Irs;enAkñúgPaBsuxdumrmna nig snþiPaBedayeCosvascMNg;¬tNða¦d¾maM nigesckþIsuxelakIy_RKb; ya:g. BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa karcMerInsIlFm’ nigsµartIrbs;xøÜn nwgpþl;plCaEpøpáaya:gsMbUr dUcCaesckþIsuxxagkñúg¬pøÚvcitþ¦ snþi- PaB nigCYyeGaybuKÁlxøÜnÉg seRmc)anesrIPaBsRmab;mnusS RKb;Kña . edIm,ITTYl)annUvKuNsm,tþiTaMgenH smaCikRKb;KñaRtUv ecosvagkarbgçitbgçM PaBRBehInyg;Xñg nigGMeBIhwgSadak;Gñk déT . vaCakarcaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkarecosvagkarbMepøIsBITegVIrbs;xøÜn sRmab;RbeyaCn_dl;sasnaxøÜnpÞal; eRBaH\riyabfEbbenH GacnaM [manCemøaHrvagsmaCiksgÁmTaMgGs; . buKÁlGacsYrfa³ etIRBH BuT§)aneqøIytbya:gdUcemþccMeBaHbBaðaenH?

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eyagtamkalamsURt sm½ymYy RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg; yageTAkan;RkugeksbutþCamYyPikçúsgÇeRcInrUbCabrivar. kalam Ca buKÁlmñak;Edlrs;enAkñúgRkug)ancUlmkKal;RBHsm<úT§. TIRkugenaH sßitenARtg;RckcUléRBRkasmYy sRmab;buKÁlEdlcg;qøgkat;éRB enH RtUvEtQb;sRmakenAkñúgRkugmYyyb;b¤BIryb;sin . kñúgcMeNam buKÁlTaMgenaHxøHCaRBahµN_xøHCatabs BYkeKBüayambBa©úHbBa©Úl RbCaCnenATIenaH [edIrtamkareRbonRbedArbs;sasnaerog²xøÜn. BYkeKniyayfa RTwsþIrbs;xøÜnl¥RtwmRtUvRbesIrsRmab;Gnuvtþ ehIy RTwsþIsasnadéTBuMl¥RtwmRtUv KµanxøwmsarBMuKYrGnuvtþeLIy ehIyxøH eTotriHKn;cMeBaHsasnadéT eRBaHbBaðaenH eTIbkalammancm¶l; BYkKat;BMuGacvinicä½yfaRTwsþINaxus RTwsþINaRtUv)aneLIy . eRBaH ehtuenHehIy BYkKat;cUleTAKal;RBHd¾manRBHPaK eTIbRBHGgÁ Rtas;fa ³

{ mñalkalam¡ kuMTTYlnUvGVIEdlRKan;EtB¤eKniyay kMueCO nUvGVIEdlRKan;EtCaRbéBNI kMueCOnUvGVIEdlRKan;EtCaBaküccamGa- ram kMueCOnUvGVIEdlRKan;EtCacMNar kMueCOnUvGVIedayRKan;EtCakar sµan kMueCOnUvGVIedayRKan;EtCakarsnñidæan kMueCOedaysarEtvaRsb eTAnwgkarKitTukCamunrbs;Gñk kMueCOnUvGVIedayRKan;EtfaeRBaHvaKYr nwgTTYlyk)an kMueCOnUvGVIedayKitfatabsenHCabuKÁlKYreKarB bu:uEnþenAeBlEdlGñkdwgedayxøÚnGñkpÞal; faGVI²TaMgGs;enHminl¥ ¬Gkusl¦ KYrsþIbenÞas nigbnþúHbg¥ab; edayGñkR)aCaJ . GVI²TaMgenH ebIeyIgeFVIehIy nwgnaMeTArkPaBvinas nigesckþITukçenaH GñkKYre)aH

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bg;ecal . enAeBlGñkdwgedayxøÜnÉgfa TaMgenHCakusl Kµan karsþIbenÞas nigsresIredayGñkR)aCJ enAeBleyIgeFVIehIy naMeTA rkesckþIsux cUrGñkTTYlyknigGnuvtþcuH }.

RBHbnÞÚlrbs;RBHd¾manRBHPaK sIþBIesrIPaBCMenOsasna enaHeBalKW RbsinebIbuKÁlbB©úaHbBa©Úl GñkdéT[eCOsasnarbs; xøÜnedaybgçitbgçM edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;sgÁmrbs;xøÜnenaH \riyabf EbbenHnwgmin)anesckþIsuxsnþiPaBdl;sgÁmeLIy . enHmann½yfa eRBaHEtsasnaEtmüa:g GacnwgbegáItesckþIsuxs¶b; ¬snþiPaB¦ sRmab;sgÁm)antamry³karyl;BItémømnusS nigmaKa’eTAkan;sux snþiPaB. ebIsinCaskmµPaBbuKÁlCakusl minRbkbedayeTas enaH TegVIenHnwgnaMeTArkkþIsuxsnþiPaBdl;mnusSTUeTA nigkøayCa RbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmkdl;mnusSRKb;Kña eRBaHehtuenHbuKÁlEdl rs;enAkñúgsgÁmedaysuxsnþiPaB edayKµankarRbqaMgCamYysasna déT RtUv)aneKcat;Tukfa)anrs;enAkñúgsgÁm EdleBareBjeday esrIPaBCMenOsasna .

BuT§sasna nigmaKa’kNþal kñúgBuT§sasna mankarbriyayCamUldæaénkarRbtibtþi Edl

eKsÁal;fa {Fmµckáb,vtþnsURt }. FmµeTsnaenH CaFm’dMbUgbg¥s; rbs;RBHsm<úT§brmRKUéneyIg. RBHGgÁRTg;sEmþgfa buKÁlEdlcg; ceRmIntulüPaBrbs;citþ cg;rs;enAkñúgesckIþsuxsnþiPaB nigcg; seRmcPaBeCaKC½yEpñksaµrtI KYrEtecosvagGnþFm’ ¬pøÚvGmBIr¦

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eBalKW kareFVIxøÜn[rIkraykñúgkam ¬kamsuxløikanueyaK¦ nigkar eFVIxøÜn[lM)ak¬GtþkilmfanueyaK¦. buKÁlKYredIrtammaKa’kNþal ¬mCÄimbdibTa¦enH. BitNas; RBHFmµeTsnaenH CacMNucKnøwHrbs; BuT§sasna .

xøwmsarénFmµeTsnaenH KWedIm,IseRmcPaBeCaKC½y Epñk saµrtIeBalKW {niBaVn } bu:EnþBuT§sasniikGnuvtþRTwsþIenH kñúgeKalbMNg [seRmcsuxumalPaBsgÁm eRBaHBYkBuT§sasnikmanCMenOfaFm’enH mansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;CIvitRbcaMéf¶. ´sUmniyayCa ]TahrN_fa bursmñak;Edl)aneCaKC½ykñúgsgÁm esdækic© neya)ay enaH CakarBit KWbuKÁlEdl)anRKb;RKgxøÜn [R)ascakBIGnþFm’ eBalKWkareFVIxøÜn[Cab;edaykamnigkareFVIxøÜn[lM)ak. RbsinebI buKÁlGb;rMxøÜnÉg min[gubgulkñúgkamKuN b¤Qøk;vegVgkñúgkamtNða nigminRbRBwtþRCYsRCulkñúgsgÁm ehIyRbtibtþitamRkwtüRkmsIlFm’ ¬kardmál;xøÜnmaM¦ buKÁlnwgTTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yesÞIrEtRKb;vis½y kñúgCIvitCak;Caminxan. eRBaHehtuenH BuT§sasnikrEmgecosvag GnþFm’TaMgBIrenHCanic© edayGnþFm’TImYy GacnwgbNþal[man bBaðadl;sgÁm nigeFVI[témømnusSFøak;cuH ehIyTIBIr GacbegáItPaB QWcukcab;KµanRbeyaCn_ nigeFVIeGaybBaØaTn;exSay. eRBaHehtuenaH BuT§sasnikeCOfa karRbtibtþiGnþFm’enHKYr EtecosvagkñúgCIvit rbs;xøÜn .

BuT§sasnikcUlcitþrIkray kñúgCIvitedayRTBüxøÜn nigPaBrIk rayepSg²eTot b:uEnþBYkeKmin)an BüayameTAeGayhYsRBMEdn

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eLIy mann½yfaRBMEdnénsgÁmkarTTYlxusRtUvRKYsar mitþPkþi CaedIm. edIm,IsßitenAkñúgRkbx½NÐ)an eXIjfacaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkar dmál;xøÜnmaM ¬karGnuvtþdak;xøÜnkñúgvin½yRkwtüRkm¦. Rtg;cMNucenH RTwsþIénkardmál;xøÜnmanlkçN³xusKñaBIkarRKb;RKgxøÜn . karGnuvtþ nUvkardmál;xøÜn KWCa\riyabfviC¢manmYysRmab;xøÜnÉg nigsgÁm bu:EnþkarRKb;RKgxøÜn CYnkalGacCa\riyabfGviC¢mandl;xøÜn nigsgÁm eTAvij. elIsBIenHkardmál;xøÜnenH EtgRbkbedayRkmsIlFm’ nigkatBVkic©sgÁm kñúgxN³EdlkarRKb;RKgxøÜnenaH GacCakarRbkb edaykardak;sMBaFsgÁm¬tMrUvkar¦. dUecñH vaCakarRbesIrNas; sRmab;RKb;KñakñúgkarmanGMNacpøÜvcitþsRmab;dmál;xøÜn .

edIm,IRbtibtþitamGdægÁikmKÁ¬maKa’GgÁR)aMbI¦ eXIjfacMa)ac; Nas;kñúgkarseRmcedayeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’ nigsaµrtI. tamBit tulüPaBpøÜvcitþCasBaØaénPaBcas;køa nigesßrPaBpøÚvcitþ nigRbkb edaysnþiPaBEdlnaMbuKÁleTAdl;eKaledArbs;xøÜn. dUecñH vtßúbMNg énkarRbtibtþitammaKa’GgÁR)aMbI KWedIm,IeFIV[citþsßitenAkñúgtulüPaB enAeBlEdlcMNg;elakIy_ nigskmµPaBRbTUsþra:ynanaekIteLIg ¬b:HTgÁic¦ CamYybuKÁlenaH. enAkñúg GtßbTPasa)alI 6 )anEck GdægÁikmKÁ CabIEpñkKW ³ sIl smaFi nigbBaØa Edlmankñúgtarag dUcxageRkamenH

6 / elaksMedAyk RBHéRtbidk PaKeRcIneRbICaPasaGg;eKøsfa { Pāli text } dUecñH

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sIl smaFi bBaØa

bc©úb,nñenH BuT§sasnikCn)aneFVIkargarRbcaMéf¶ tammaKa’ kNþalenHya:gTUlMTUlay. skmµPaBTaMgGs;enH rYmmanCIvPaB sgÁm TMnak;TMngRKYsar mitþPaB BaNiC¢kmµ karGb;rM nigskmµPaB epSg²eTot . BuT§sasnik)aneBalya:gmutmaMfa maKa’kNþal mansar³RbeyaCn_ minRtwmEtsRmab;smiT§iplsgÁmb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþ EfmTaMgsRmab;tulüPaBsgÁmpgEdr. ´k¾manCMenOya:genHEdr eRBaHenAkñúgsIlxn§ manvacaRtUv kargarRtUv nigkarciBa©wmCIvitRtUv. enAkñúgsgÁmnImYy² mnusSRtUv)aneKsgÇwmfa mnusSnwgeFVIskmµPaB RbkbedayPaBesµaHRtg; enHCakarsMxan;Nas; sRmab;BuT§sasnik Cn kñúgkarBüayamEdlminmaneTasedIm,IEsVgrkcMNUl edIm,InwgEf

karyl;RtUv ¬smµaTidæI¦ karKitRtUv ¬smµasgáb,¦

karBüayamRtUv ¬smµavayam¦ karrlwkRtUv ¬smµasti¦ kardMkl;citþRtUv ¬smµasmaFi¦

karniyayRtUv ¬smµavaca¦ kareFVIRtUv ¬smµakmµnþa¦ karrs;enARtUv ¬smµaGaCIeva¦

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TaMRkumRKYsarrbs;xøÜn. BYkBuT§sasnikedayBit EtgEtykcitþTuk dak;cMeBaHkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;xøÜnRsbtamRkmsIlFm’ . sIl KWCamUldæandMbUgbMputenAkñúgmaKa’TaMgbIenH ebIKµansIl Fm’kñúgxøÜneTenaH témøénCIvitnwgBMumanGtßn½yeLIy dUecñHeyIg)an elwkTwkcitþya:gxøaMgkøadl;BYkRKhsß edIm,I[xitxMGb;rMxøÜn[sßitenA kñúgsIlFm’¬kardmál;xøÜn¦. enAeBlmYy ´)anCYbGñkensaTmñak; enAkñúgRbeTsPUma EdlciBa©wmCIvitedaykarensaTRtI ehIylk;enA elITIpSar . CakarBit Kat;CaGñkbUCaxøÜncMeBaHBuT§sasna nigRBHsgÇ ya:gBitR)akd. edayeXIjsßanPaBdUcenH ´)anniyayCamYyKat; fa { ])ask¡ GatµaPaBdwgfaejammanTUkensaTbYnb¤R)aM nigRTBü sm,tþimYycMnYneTot dUcCadIERsCaeRcInhikta nighagtUc²BIrb¤bI eTot enAkñúgpSar. BitNas; ejamdwgc,as;BIGaCIvrbs;xøÜnCagGatµa EdlRbkbedayTegVIhak;dUcCaeXareXA éRBépS KµankþIemtþakñúgcitþ esaHeLIy. ´)anelIkykerOgniTanmYy mkniTanR)ab;Kat;CabT BicarNa faetIejamdwgeT kñúgsm½ymYy RBHeBaFistV)aneyan eyaKkMeNItCakUnRbusnayensaTmñak; ehIymanesckþIesamnsS rIkrayCamYymatabitarbs;xøÜn EdlEtgEteFVITaruNkmµ b¤smøab; stVRtI . enHmann½yfa ebIeTaHCaRBHeBaFistV BMu)ancUlrYmCamYy nwgGaCIBrbs;matabita kñúgkarsmøab;RtIenHk¾eday b:uEnþelakman ectnaKaMRTcMeBaHTegVIxusrbs;matabitaenaHEdr. dUecñHCalT§pl ebI eTaHRBHGgÁ)anRtas;CaRBHBuT§ehIyk¾eday k¾RBHGgÁenAmanCm¶WQW RBHeksraMuér:Canic©. Gkuslkmµ BitCaKYr[xøacEmnETn } .

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bnÞab;mk´Qb;niyaybnþic ehIyRkeLkemIlmuxrbs;Kat; eXIjhak;dUcCaeLIgsøaMgesøk ehIyKat;niyaymk´fa { etIéFVI ya:gNa cMeBaHmuxrbrrbs;énH ´KµanCMnajNaepSg edIm,Irs;eRkABI karensaTenHeT } eRBaHehtuenH ´)an[Gnusasn_fa { RbesIr ehIy GñkeXIjeT GñkmanTUk nigRTBüsm,itþmYycMnYneTot dUecñH GñkGacbþÚrmuxrbrBIkarensaTenH)an. GñkGacCYlTUk[GñkEdl RtUvkar sRmab;RbkbGaCIvkmµ ehIyeKGaceFVIGVI² EdleKcg;eFVIdUc CadwkTMnij b¤cMlgGñkdMeNIrBIeRtIymçageTAmçageTot. ehIyGñk nigRKYsarGaclk;eRKOgeTsn_kñúghagrbs;Gñk)an CalT§pl éCO Cak;faGñk nigRKYsarGacnwgrIkrayCamYynwgGaCIB EdlRbkbeday smµaGaCIevarbs;xøÜn } Kat;k¾RBmTTYlykeyabl;rbs;´ ehIy fµI²enH ´)anTTYlsMbuRtBIRKYsarenaH edayniyayfaBYkeKsux sb,ay ehIyrIkrayCamYynwgPaBeCaKC½ykñúgGaCIBfµIrbs;xøÜn . edIm,IkøayxøÜnCabuKÁlKYrTTYlnUvkarsresIr kñúgsmµaGaCIeva rbs;xøÜn sIlFm’BuT§sasna)anelIkTwkcitþ mnusS[rkR)ak;cMNUl edayGnuelamtamRkmsIl ehIylk;TMnijrbs;xøÜn edayBwgEp¥kelI GPismacar sIlFm’pgEdr. enAkñúgBuT§sasna BYkRKhsßBMuRtUv )anGnuBaØati[eFVICMnYjR)aMRbkar dUcxageRkamenHeLIyeBalKW³ 1-karCYjs®sþavuF/ 2-lk;mnusS 3-smøab;stVCaGahar 4-Rsa nigeRKOgejónepSg² nig5-fñaMBul. BIeRBaHCMnYjRbePTenH RtUv)an cat;TukfaGMeBIGmnuusSFm’ eXareXA éRBépS ehIyeRKOgRsvwgvij RtUv)anTTYlCaTUeTAkñúgvis½yCMnYj eRBaHmnusScat;TukvtßúenHfaRsb

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c,ab;. b:uEnþBuT§sasnikeCOfa Gñklk;TMnijRbePTenHRtUvEtbBa©úH bBa©ÚlmnusS ehIybNþal[GñkeRbIR)as;Lb;b¤)at;bg;sµartI edIm,ICa RbeyaCn_dl;xøÜn. ectnarbs;buKÁlBYkenH GacBuMEmnl¥eLIycMeBaH GñkdéT eRBaHm©as;CMnYjGacdwknaMGñkeRbIR)as; [køayCaGñkRbmwk ehIyxUcsuxPaBeTotpg. eRBaHehtuenH eTIbBYkBuT§sasnikEtgEt BüayamecosvagBICMnYjRbePTenHtamlT§PaBrbs;xøÜn . b:unµanExknøgeTAenH bursmñak;eFVIkarkñúg)ar Gs;ry³eBl15 qñaMkñúgrdæ Los Angeles )anmkeFVIsmaFienAkñúgmCÄmNÐlrbs;´ ehIy)anniyayR)ab;´fa { ´)anmkeFVIkarkñúg)areBlyb; Gs;ry³ eBl15qñaM eTaHbI´dwgfakarRbkbrbrciBa©wmCIvitrbs;´ minRbkb edaysmµaGaCIevak¾eday vaBi)aknwgcakecjBI)areBkNas; BIeRBaH ´GacrkR)ak;cMNUl)anedaygay enAeBl´kan;EtGacbBa©úHbBa©Úl GñkRsvwgTaMgenaH ´kan;EtGacrkcMNUl)aneRcIn. eBleXIjGñk RsvwgxøaMgxøH CYnkalk¾eQøaHKña ehIyCYnkalk¾mankar)aj;e)aHKña pgEdr ehIy´BMurIkrayCamYynwgkargarenHeT b:uEnþ´BMuGaccakecj )an edaysaréFVIkarenATIenaHGs;15qñaMmkehIy. ´dwgfaCIvit rbs;́ minl¥eLIysRmab;GñkdéT dUecñHeBlenH´RtUvbgçMcitþcakecj BITIenaH ehIyEsVgrkkargarepSgeTot . \LÚvenH´kMBugeroncak; m¢úlviTüasa®sþBüa)alCm¶Wtamk,Üncin edaysg,wmfańwgGacrIk rayCamYymuxGaCIBenH }. ´manesckþIsb,ayEmnETn edaydwg fakarseRmccitþrbs;Kat;BitCakarRtwmRtUv ehtuenHehIy´)anR)ab; Kat;fa { GñkRtUvEtBüayamCamYykargarGaCIBfµIenH ebImindUcenaH

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eT GñkGacnwgvilRtLb;eTArkkargarcas;vijminxan } Kat;)an niyayfa { ´sUmsnüafanwgmineFVIkargarenaHeToteLIy} . kñúgkar RbtibtþiBuT§sasna smµaGaCIeva¬karcBa©wmCIvitRtUv¦ manRbeyaCn_ ya:grs;revIk edIm,ICMrujesckIþsux[ekIteLIg nigbegáItkarrIkceRmIn EpñksµartIEfmeTot. CakarBitkarciBa©wmCIvitRtUvCaEpñkmYykñúgmaKa’ kNþal .

pøÚvGmnaMmknUvbBaðasgÁm pÞúyeTAvijpøÚvGm GacnaMmknUvPaBtantwg b¤bBaðasgÁm

edaymnusSGacCYbRbTHbBaðaCaeRcIn rYmTaMgvibtþineya)ay kS½yTun nigPaBRkIRkkñúgRbeTsCaedIm . cab;epþImBIcMNucenH mnusSmYycMnYn EdleKarBcMeBaHRKIsþsasna EtgEteBalfaRbeTsBuT§sasnaCa RbeTsRkIRk eRBaHEteKalneya)ayrbs;RbeTs BwgEp¥keTAelI TsSn³BuT§sasna. éCOfakarriHKn;rbs;BYkeK KWBMuEp¥kelIehtupl [)ansmrmüeLIy BYkeKBMu)anyl;c,as;BIPaBxusKñarvag\riyabf BuT§sasna nigneya)ayTal;EtesaH. BuT§sasnik GnuvtþeKal karN_GhwgSa nigmaKa’snþiPaB cMENkÉGñkdwknaMneya)aybgçitbgçM hwgSanigmaKa’bgás®gÁamvij dUecñHBIFmµCatibuKÁlGñkkan;sasna BMu cg;Bak;B½n§kñúgskmµPaBneya)ayeLIy. ehIyCalT§pl Gñkdwk naMneya)ay)aneqøótykRbeyaCn_ cab;kan;GMNacedIm,IRKb;RKg RbeTsrhUtdl;Gs;CIvit. ´sUmniyayfa enAkñúgRbeTsGñkkan; BuT§sasna enAGasIuPaKeRcInénGñkdwknaMneya)ay KWCaCnpþac;kar

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nigkumµnisþniym BYkeKBMu)anGnuvtþtammaKa’BuT§sasna eBalKWmaKa’ kNþalenaH BitR)akdedaysuT§citþeLIy. pÞúyeTAvij BYkeKGnuvtþ tampøÚvGm kñúgRbeTsrbs;xøÜnenaH ehIyBMucaM)ac;q¶l;eLIy eRBaH maKa’GmenH EtgnaMmknUvbBaðasgÁm neya)aykñúgRbeTs. Rbsin ebIKµanrebobrbbneya)ayRtwmRtUv KµanesßrPaBkñúgRbeTseLIy ehIyéCOfa sßanPaBenaH nwgnaMRbeTsQaneTArkPaBRkIRk nig karrMeCIbrMCYl PaBvwkvrCaminxan .

´minyl;RsbeLIy EdlfabBaðaRKwHéns®gÁam CemøaHkñúg sgÁmPaB\tsNþab;Fñab; nigPaBRkIRk KWbNþalmkBIsasnaCa mUleLIy b:uEnþ́ manCMenOya:gmaMfa bBaðaCamUldæanEdlbgás®gÁamKW neya)ay . Gñkneya)ay manbMNgkñúgkarGnumtieKalneya)ay d¾mhs©arürbs;xøÜnsRmab; CatimYyedIm,IBRgwgGMNacrbs;xøÜn eday kNþab;édEdk. CakarBit sIlFm’BuT§sasnaBMu)anelIkTwkcitþmnusS [GnuvtþeKalneya)ayhwgSa QøanBan bgçitbgçMeLIy. enHBIeRBaH \riyabfrbs;BuT§sasnik cUlcitþrs;enAkñúgsuxsnþiPaB. bEnßmBIenH eTot BuT§sasnikcg;køayCaGñkman RbsinebIRTBüenaH Ep¥kelImUl dæanénkargarRbkbedaysIlFm’ EdlRbkbedaysucrit nigKµan eTas . ebImindUecñaHeT vamincaM)ac;eLIy sRmab;BYkeKkñúgkarkøay CaGñkman BYkeKcg;rs;enAedaysnþiPaBRbesIrCag eRBaHehtuenH BuT§sasnikeBalfa FmµCatiéns®gÁamKWpÞúyBIFmµCatiénsnþiPaB nig esckþIsuxkñúgsgÁm . dUecñH RbsinebImansnþiPaB nigsuxumalPaB

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sgÁm enaHnigKµans®gÁameLIy CakarBit s®gÁam nigsnþiPaB EtgEtpÞúyKñaCanic© .

Gtßn½yrbs;maKa’kNþal

eKalbMNgd¾sMxan; kñúgkarRbtibtþitammaKa’kNþal ¬mCÄim mKÁ¦ KWedIm,IeFVI[CIvitrbs;buKÁlmantulüPaBRbkbedaysnþiPaB. BuT§sasnikBüayamRbRBwtþ [køayxøÜnCabuKÁl RbkbedayRkmsIl Fm’ kñúgRKb;sßanPaB dUcCaeFVICMnYj karEsVgrkR)ak;cMNUl nigeFVI karsMrab;GñkdéTCaedIm. edaykareFVIdUecñH BYkeKmanTMnukcitþxøÜnÉg cMeBaHsIlFm’EbbFmµCatipÞal;rbs;xøÜn. enAeBlmYy manBuT§sas nikmñak;)aneBalfa muneBlEdlKat;)ankøayCaBuT§sasnik d¾Cak; lak;enaH Kat;manbMNgcg;begáInkMérCMnYjrbs;Kat; edayminxVl; cMeBaHGtifiCneLIy ehIyCalT§pl Kat;manbBaðaCaeRcInenAeBl eFVICMnYjenaH. Kat;TTYlkarKabsgát; karrGU‘rTaM sþIbenÞasCaeRcIn BI GtifiCnrbs;xøÜn ehIyKat;k¾TTYl)ankMérticpgEdr kñúgry³eBl dMeNIrkarya:gyUr nigmankarGs;sgÇwm cMeBaHBaNiC¢kmµrbs;xøÜn. eRkaymk Kat;)anpøas;bþÚr\riyabf cMeBaHBaNiC¢kmµrbs;xøÜn eday Ep¥kelIRkmsIlFm’BuT§sasna. enAeBlKat;lk;TMnij Kat;ykcitþ Tukdak; cMeBaHGtifiCnrbs;Kat; edIm,I[)anTTYlRbeyaCn_eTAvij eTAmk CalT§pl KWfaKat;manesckIþrIkrayCagmun. Gtßn½yén \riyabfrbs;Kat; KWfaKat;kan;EtmanTMnukcitþ kñúgkareFVIBaNiC¢kmµ

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edaysßitkñúgPaBs¶b;¬snþi¦CamYyGaCIvkmµenaH. dUecñH BuT§sasnik manbMNg kñúgkarGnuvtþmaKa’kNþalenH sUm,IEtkñúgskmµPaBCIvit RbcaMéf¶ nigkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm elImaKa’énPaBeCaKC½yrbs; buKÁlmñak;².

BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa ebIeTaHbICaRkmsIlFm’ sßitenAKWCa mUldæanRKwHrbs;BuT§sasnak¾eday GPismacarBuT§sasna manbJs eTAelIcMeNHdwg ¬enaHeBalKWcMeNHdwgsþIBIkmµ nigcMeNHdwgEpñkRBH Fm’¦. BuT§sasnikmin)aneCOelIGVI EdlekIteLIgedayécdnü b¤ eRBgvasnaeLIy bu:EnþmankarBwgBak;xøÜnÉg edIm,I)andl;eKaledA rbs;xøÜn eRBaHehtuenaH bBaØasikçaRtUvcat;TukCacMNucKnøwH nigCa mKÁúeTsn_d¾Cak;lak;mYy. enAelImaKa’kNþalenH smaFisikçaman karGb;rMsµartI ¬sti¦ sm,tiþpøÚvcitþ nigesßrPaB EdlnwgTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHkaredaHRsayCamYyGviC¢a¬emah³¦ nigPaBvivtþ\tQb;Qr kñúgkaredIrelImaKa’ RbkbedaysIlFm’¬GPismacar¦. dUecñH buKÁl EdldwgBIviFIGnuvtþtammaKa’kNþal edIm,ICIvitenAkñúgsgÁm GacCa RbeyaCn_dl;xøÜnÉgnigGñkdéTpgEdr.

edaysegçb edIm,IeFIV[maK’akNþalenH kan;EtmanRbeyaCn_ Cak;EsþgenaH sIlFm’BuT§sasna sEmþgfacaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkar RbtibtþiCMhandMbUg eBalKWkaresBKb;CamYysb,úrsCn klüaN mitþ CamYysb,úrsCnKWCaRbeyaCn_ nwgGacCaCMnYydl;buKÁl kñúg karceRmInGdægÁikmKÁ CalT§pl buKÁlGaceFVIcitþrbs;xøÜn [sßitenA kñúgtulüPaBya:gCMnaj nigRbsiT§iPaB kñúgkarbegáItesckþIl¥¬)armI¦

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kñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶. BuT§sasnikeBalfa xøwmsarénmaKa’kNþal KW edIm,InaMbuKÁleTAkan;PaBeCaKC½yEpñksµartI nigesckþIsuxkñúgsgÁm RbkbedaymaK’asnþiPaB. elIsBIenHeTAeTot maK’akNþalCa GPismacarsakl EdlEckrMElknUvtémørbs;xøÜn CamYymnusSRKb; KñaEdlmansT§a kñúgkarRbtibtþimaKa’enaHedayBitR)akd . enHCaerOgCak;Esþg edIm,IbgðajfamaKa’kNþalnaMbuKÁleTA kan;esckþIsuxkñúgsgÁmya:gNa. enAkñúgmCÄmNÐlrbs;eyIg man yayCICnCatievotNamcMNas;mñak; Edl)anbYsedayGnuelamtam RbéBNImhayan. Kat;)anrs;enAkñúgmCÄmNÐlrbs;eyIg CagbI qñaMmkehIy² ceRmInsmaFienAeBlKat;maneBl ehIyKat;k¾emIlEf BYkeyaKavcr Edlmkkan;mCÄmNÐlrbs;eyIg edIm,IceRmInsmaFi mþgmáalpgEdr. CalT§pl CIvitrbs;Kat;hak;dUcCamanesckþIsux nigs¶b;es¶ómNas; b:uEnþBIrExknøgeTAenH Kat;nigkUnRsIeBArbs;Kat; mñak;)anmkCYb´ ehIyniyayGMBIsßanPaBRKYsarrbs;Kat;R)ab;´.

Kat;)anR)ab;ĆaPasaevotNam ¬kUnRsIrbs;Kat;bkERbCa PasaGg;eKøsR)ab;´¦ faBYkkUnrbs;Kat; nwgmkkan;mCÄmNÐlrbs; eyIg kñúgeKalbMNgeFVITan enAGaTitüeRkay. Kat;)ansMu[´sEmþg FmµkfaxøImYy . ehtuplsRmab;sMeNIenH KWKat;cg;rs;enAkñúg mCÄmNÐl nigrIkraykñúgCIvitCadUnCI b:uEnþkUn²rbs;Kat;TaMgGs; ¬elIkElgkUnRsIeBA¦ minyl;RsbcMeBaHkarrs;enA kñúgmCÄmNÐl. ´)ansYrKat;fa { ehtuGVI)anCaBYkeKminyl;Rsb?} Kat;niyayfa { eRBaHBYkeKcg;[Kat;rs;enACamYy } ehIy´)anniyayeTAkan;Kat;

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eTotfa { ńwgCYy b:uEnþ´minGacFanafa etIBYkeKnwgRBmTTYlyk Gnusasn_rbs;´b¤Gt; } enaHeT . mYys)þah_eRkaymk dUnCIrUbenaHRBmTaMgkUnTaMgR)aMBIrnak; rbs;Kat;)anmkCYb´. ´)ansYrBYkKat;fa { etIGñkmaneBlxøH sRmab;sþab;Fmµkfab¤eT?}. BYkeKtbfa }kruNa BYkeyIgman }. bnÞab;´manbMNgBnül;BYkeKBI { CIvit nigsiT§i } edayR)ab;BYkeKfa { mnusSRKb;KñaKYrEtmansiT§Ikñúgkarrs;enA } bu:EnþCYnkaleyIgbk RsayBIGtßn½yrbs;siT§ienHepSg²BIKña ehIyeBlxøHkarbkRsay rbs;eyIgRtUv ehIyeBlxøHxusRsLH. enHBIeRBaHbTBiesaFn_CIvit rbs;eyIgEtgEtmanlkçN³xus²Kña. ´manCMenOfabTBiesaFn_CIvit rbs;Gñkral;KñaBMuTan;cas;køaeT ebIeRbobeTAnwgmþayrbs;Gñk enH eRBaHGñkral;KñaenAekµg ¬eRbobnwgdUnCIenaH¦. dUecñHGñkTaMgGs;Kña TamTarfamþayrbs;xøÜn RtUvEtrs;enAÉpÞHCamYYy. CakarRbesIrehIy sRmab;Kat; b:uEnþminEmnGñkeLIy. cUreyIgniyayfamþayrbs;Gñk Gacnwgsñak;enACamYyGñkral;Kña edIm,ICYybMeBjtRmUvkarrbs;Gñk. Cakartbsñg mþayrbs;Gñkcg;[Gñkral;Kña rs;enAkñúgpÞHEtmYy CamYyKat; etIGacRbRBwtþeTA)aneT? l¥Nas;RbsinebIGñkTaMgGs;Kña nwgyl;RBmCamYytRmUvkarrbs;Kat; ehIyKat;k¾minKYryl;RBmCa mYybMNgrbs;GñkdUcKñaEdr. bMNgrbs;Kat;KWfa Kat;mincg;[Gñk rs;enApÞHepSg²BIKña b¤kEnøgepSg²Kña etIRbRBwtþeTArYceTsRmab;Gñk TaMgGs;Kña edIm,Iyl;RsbCamYybMNgrbs;mþayGñk? } ´)ansYrBYk eKerog²xøÜn ehIyBYkeKeqøIyfa { eT BMuGaceTArYceT } .

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´)anniyaybgðajfa { GñkTaMgGs;KñaFMFat;lµmehIy ehIy \LÚvenH GñkTaMgGs;eFVIkargarpg karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;mþayGñk cMeBaHkUn² hYsnigcb;sBVRKb;ehIyEdr dUecñHGñkTaMgGs;KñaKYrEt yl;BIsiT§irbs;Kat;pg. ´dwgfaKat;RsLaj;Gñkral;KñaxøaMgNas; b:uEnþbMNgrbs;Kat;KWcg;rs;enAkñúgGaramCadUnCI CakEnøgEdlKat; GacceRmInkmµdæan)an eBlNaEdlKat;TMenr. dUcGñkral;Kñadwg Rsab;ehIyfa Kat;manbTBiesaFn_CIviteRcIn manTaMgPaBrMePIb Tukç sb,ay PaBsþayeRkay TYjyM nigkarjjwm eBlEdlKat;ecj BIevotNammkkan;shrdæenH. Kat;dwgBIrebobrIkray kñúgCivitEdl enAsl;cugeRkayrbs;Kat;. cUryl;BIsiT§iénkarrs;enArbs;Kat;pg ehIycUrrIkraysb,ayCamYyKat; kñúgzan³Camþayrbs;Gñk nigCadUn CI EdlfVayCIvitrbs;Kat; kñúgnamBuT§sasnikBitR)akdmYyrUb. ´ yl;favaBuMCabBaðaeTfaetIGñkral;Kña sb,ayrIkrayCamYyKat;b¤Gt; EtKat;nwgyl;BIGñk ehIyrIkrayCamYyGñk kñúgzan³CakUnrbs;Kat; } ´)anbBa©b;Fmµkfa ehIymñak;kñúgcMeNamBYkeKTaMgGs; )anEføg GMNrKuNcMeBaH´ Edl)anBnül;BICIvitnigsiT§I dl;BYkeK ehIyCa yfaehtu BYkeKyl;RBmCamYYybMNgrbs;mþayxøÜnya:grIkray. Ca kareqøIytb dUnCIrUbenaH)anyl;RBmrs;enApÞHCamYyBYkkUn² kñúg ry³eBlbIEx. enAdMNac;ExTIbI Kat;nwgvilRtLb;mkmCÄmNÐl kñúgbMNgcMNayCIvitEdlenAsl; bUCacMeBaHPaBeCaKC½yEpñksµartI rbs;Kat;. b:uEnþýl;eXIjfa eBlxøHCIvitrbs;eyIg begþIttRmUv karCaeRcInmkelIeyIg.

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sIlFm’naMeTArkPaBeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’nigsµartI

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enHRtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCasIlFm’rbs;mnusS. dUecñHBuT§sasnikman bMNgedIm,IbMeBjnUvsIlFm’ EdlRbkbCamYynigbrikmµTaMgbYnenH. etIsT§aCaGIV ? sT§aKWCabBaØanigCMenOkñúgRBHBuT§KuN RBHFmµ KuN RBHsgÇKuN nigc,ab;kmµ. kñúgGPismacarBuT§sasna sT§aenH manlkçN³xusKñaBICMenO¬Tidæi¦ sT§aenHmanlkçN³énCMenOTukcitþkñúg mKÁ cMENkÉCMenOdéTeTot KWCaRbBn§½énkarTTYlyksasnaeTv kfa¬GaTieTB¦CaedIm. edayeyagtamRBHGPiFmµ sT§aBitR)akd KWRbkbedaykuslectsik kñúgxN³eBlEdlCMenOdéTRbkbeday kuslpgnigGkuslectsikpg dUecñHBuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa ebIKµan sT§amutmaMeT BYkeKminGacnwgeFIVkarRbtibtiþ b¤ceRmInstibBaØasµartI EfmeTot)aneLIy.

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esckIþsuxedayKµanbMNul nig4/GnvC¢sux- esckIþsuxekItBIkargar minmaneTasdUcCakay vaca citþ nigsmµaGaCIv³. xJúMeCOfaGñk TaMgGs;Kña nwgeBjcitþcMeBaHPaBeCaKC½y énesckIþsuxbYny:agenH eBlEdl BYkeKkMBugrs;enACamYyRKYsarrbs;xøÜn. RbsinebICakar BitenaH buKÁlGacnwgeFIVva RbkbedaysIlFm’ nigkarBüayamRtUv ¬smµa vayam¦ rhUtdl;PaBeCaKC½yekIteLIgdl;buKÁledayBit. edIm,ITTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yEpñksµartI nigsgÁmFm’kñúgCIvitCa RKhsß esßrPaBxagesdækic© nigPaBrIklUtlas;RtUv)ancat;Tukfa CamUldæanEdlRbkbedayxwømsary:ag]tþúgÁ]tþm. RbsinebIRTBü sm,tiþTaMgenaH )anmkedayRsbc,ab; nigsmµaGaCIB ¬karRbkb GaCIBRtUv¦ RTBüenaHnwgnaMmknUvPaBrIkraydl;xøÜn nigsmaCik RKYsar ehIyelIsBIenHeTot buKÁlGaceRbIR)as;RTBüenHkñúgeKal bMNgCakuslepSg². karminCMBak;bMNuleK nigkarminmaneTas rbs;buKÁlmñak;² CaRbPBénesckIþsux. kñúgesckIþenH buKÁlnImYy² GacCECk)anfa CIvitkúñgsm½yTMenIbenaH minmanmaK’aNaedIm,IeKc ecjBIsßanPaB énkarminCMBak;bMNuleKeLIy eRBaHmnusSTaMgenaH RtUvEtx©IbMNulBIrdæaPi)al b¤FnaKaredIm,Isagsg;TICRmk¬pÞH¦ CMnYj karGb;rMCaedIm. kñúgbBaðaenH GPismacarBuT§sasna CMruj[eQVg yl;BIbBaðaedaykarBicarNafa ebIxøÜnGacmanlT§PaBsgR)ak;km©I kñúgry³eBlkMnt;NamYy tamry³smµaGaCIBenaH lkçx½NÐenHcat; TukfaminmanCMBak;bMNuleKeLIy b:uEnþBuT§sasnikmanGarmµN_faebI BYkeKGacmanlT§PaBTijpÞHmYy LanmYy nigrbs;rbrepSg²eTot

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edaymincaM)ac;x©IbMNuleKenaH BYkeKBitCanwgrIkraysb,ayCamYy sßanPaBminmanCMBak;bMNuleKy:agBitR)akd. xJúMsUmniyayfaesckIþsuxxagsµartI nigsgÁmFm’enH RtUv)an eKcat;Tukfa Catémørbs;mnusSCatimYy y:agx<g;x<s;bMput ehIy témøenH GacCab;Tak;TgCamYyPaBeCaKC½yxagsgÁmFm’ RBmTaMg esckIþsuxpøÚvcitþpgEdr. BuT§sasnikeCOfa BYkeKGacTTYl)an esckIþsuxTaMgBIrEpñkenH edayEp¥kelImUldæansIlFm’enH. Cakar BitEdlfa RTBüsm,tiþnaMmknUvesckIþsux nigPaBrIkray b:uEnþebI RTBüenaHCab;Bak;B½n§edayGMeBICaGkusl xusc,ab;vijenaH esckIþ suxrbs;eyIgenaHÉg nwgERbRtLb;eTACaesckIþTukç karesaksþay kñúgeBlminyUrminqab;eLIy. dUecñHehIy BuT§sasnikmanbMNgcg; eRkbrsénesckIþsux nigesßrPaBxagesdækic© tamry³sIlFm’vij. CakarCak;Esþg BYkeKnwgsb,ayEtCamYyRTBüsm,tiþ nigrbs;Edl man RbsinebIRTBüenaH² )anmkedayRsbc,ab; nigmUldæansIlFm’ b:uEnþBYkeKnwgrwtEtmanesckIþsux d¾elIslb;eTAeTot enAeBlEdl BYkeK)anseRmckarRtas;dwg¬seRmcFm’¦ EdlmanGMNacedIm,IeFIV [sáb;sál;nUvesckIþR)afñarbs;mnusSelak. karkarBar]Rkidækmµtamry³karBicarNatamEbbBuT§sasna

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cUlcitþesckIþTukçeLIy ehIymnusSRKb;²Kña EsVgrkesckIþsuxkñúg CIvit. eKeCOfa]RkidækmµCaGMeBIGkusl EdlbegáItbBaðaCaeRcInenA kñúgsgÁm minRtwmEtbuKÁlxøÜnÉgb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMgGñkdéTpg Edr CaBiesssmaCikRKYsar sac;jati mitþPkiþrbs;buKÁlenaHEt mþg. dUecñHBYkeKEsVgrkmaK’a sRmab;karrs;enAkñúgsuxsniþPaB tam ry³GMeBICakusl nigkaryl;c,as;BIRkmsIlFm’enaH. edIm,IecosvagkarRbRBitþ]RkidækmµepSg² BYkBuT§sasnik EtgEtsBa¢wgKitdl;PaBP½yxøacbYn y:agedayeyagtamRBHBueT§a vaTrbs;RBHbrmRKUéneyIg. BYkeKeCOfa RbsinebIBYkeKmin)an sBa¢wgKitBIGMeBIepSg²eTenaH BYkeKGacnwgRbRBitþ]Rkidækmµ d¾KYr[ tk;søút)any:aggay dUecñHkarsBa¢wgKitdl;PaBP½yxøacbYny:agenaH CaKuNRbeyaCn_ya:gsMxan; sRmab;buKÁlEdlmanesckIþP½yxøac cMeBaHGnþrayTaMgLay. PaBP½yxøacTaMgbYnenaHKW³ 1/P½yxøac cMeBaHkarriHKn;dl;xøÜnÉg ¬GtþanuvaTPy¦ 2/P½yxøaccMeBaHkarriHKn; BIsMNak;GñkdéT ¬branuvaTPy¦ 3/P½yxøaccMeBaHTNÐkmµ ¬TNÐ Py¦ 4/P½yxøaccMeBaHkarFøak;eTAekItkñúgG)ayPUmi ¬TuKÁtiPy¦. BYkBuT§sasniksnµt;fa BYkeKGackarBarxøÜneKBIGnþrayTaMgenH)an RbsinebIBYkeKEtgEtxitxMBüayam cgcaMnUvesckIþP½yxøac EdlGac bNþal[RKYsarTaMgmUlTTYlrgTukçenaH. edIm,IkarBar]RkidækmµkñúgCIvitenaH BYkBuT§sasnikmankar RbugRby½tñya:gxøaMg cMeBaHkmµNaCaGkusl nigehtuén]RkidæepSg² eRBaHehtuenH RkmsIlFm’EdleKsÁal;favin½yenaH RtUvrwtbnþwg

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sRmab;CIvitbBVCit. RBHsgÇ nigdUnCI ¬PikçúnI¦RtUvEtedIrtamRkwtü RkmenHya:gtwgrwgedIm,IkarBarnUv]Rkidæ kmµTaMgLayEdlRbkb edaykayTuc©rit vcITuc©rit nigmenaTuc©rit. sRmab;Pikçú vin½yman pÞúkedaysikçabTBIrryémÖR)aMBIr ¬227¦ cMENkÉPikçúnImansikçabT bIrydb;mYy¬311¦. PikçúnigPikçúnIRtUvEt Gb;rMxøÜnCamYynwgvin½y enH edIm,ITTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yTaMgsgÁmFm’nigsµartI RBmTaMgesc kIþsux sniþPaB sRmab;CIvitd¾yUrGEgVgteTA. CalT§pl BYkeKrYc putBIPaBP½yxøac ehIyGacpþl;CamKÁúeTsn_d¾RtwmRtUv dl;BYkRKhsß Tak;TgnwgPaBP½yxøac cMeBaHGMeBIGaRkk;TaMgLay. edayELk BYkRKhsßmanesckIþrIkrayCaBn;eBk kñúgkarTTYlyknUv»vaTsIþBI sµartInigsIlFm’BIPikçúsgÇnigPikçúnI edayBYkeKeKarBRBHsgÇkñúgnam CaGñkdwknaMsasna ehIyeKarBtam»vaTrbs;elakedaysuT§citþ. eKyl;fa eKGacTTYlsar³RbeyaCn_BIKñaeTAvijeTAmk edaykar RbtibtiþGPismacarBuT§sasna ehIyTTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yEpñk sgÁmFm’ nigsµartIenAkñúgCIvitCabc©úb,nñ. dUecñHehIy karRbtibtiþ rbs;BYkeKmanPaBCab;lab; R)akdniym CamYykareRbonRbedArbs; RBHsmµasm<úT§brmRKUéneyIg. RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;fa {bNÐitKYrtmál; xøÜnÉg [taMgenAkñúgKuNFm’d¾smKYrCamunsin caMRbedAGñkdéTCa xageRkaynwgminlM)ak }. cMeBaHTsSn³rbs;´pÞal; eXIjfamincaM )ac; manbMNgedIm,InwgeKcBIkarriHKn;rbs;GñkdéTeLIy pÞúyeTAvij buKÁlKYrEtmanbMNg kñúgkarbegáItnUvCIvitRbkbedaysIlFm’ kñúgxøÜn edaykareFIVkmµCakuslepSg².

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RBHsmµasm<úT§nigTMnak;TMngsgÁm BuT§sasnikEtgEteBaly:agmaMfa RBHsm<úT§brmRKUCabuKÁl

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7 / cMeBaHTegIVrbs;RBHGrhnþTaMgLaymanRBHBuT§CaRbFan min)aneQµaHfakmµeLIy EtehAfa Cakiriyavij. 8 / Baküfa KN³sgÇenH CaPasaGg;eKøsfa The order

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TUeTA dUcCakarrs;enAkñúgvtþGaram nigedaykarRbtibtiþRkwtüRkm sIlFm’ya:gBiess b:uEnþelakmin)anRBegIycMeBaHsuxumalPaB nig TMnak;TMngsgÁmCamYyRKhsßeLIy. RBHsgÇEtg[»vaTdl;BYk RKhsß GMBIpøÚveTAkan;PaBeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’ esckIþsux nigsnþi PaB. tYy:adUceyIgxitxMBüayambeRgondl;RKhsß GMBIl½kçx½NÐCIvit dUcCatRmUvkarénCIvit eRBaHcMNg;kñúgkarTTYl nigPaBrIkrayénCIvit edaykar)anbMeBjbMNg. eyIgmancMNg;BIry:agKW edIm,IbegáIn nUvcMNg;rbs;eyIg tamry³PaBsb,ayrIkrayd¾elIslb; b¤edIm,I kat;bnßycMNg; tamry³karecHsáb;sál;. RbsinebIeyIgcg;kat; bnßycMNg;rbs;eyIg EdlRbkbedayesckIþR)afñad¾elIslb; RBm TaMgesckIþTukçd¾hYsRbmaNenaH eyIgnwg)aneronemeronGMBItRmUvkar rbs;eyIgkñúgCIvitdUcCacMNg; edIm,IeFIV[xøÜnrIkrayd¾elIslb; ehIy sgÇwmfamannrNamñak; b¤GIVmYyEtgEtcaMbMeBjcitþeyIg b:uEnþebIsin eyIgcg;Gb;rMxøÜnÉgkñúgsuxsnþiPaBenaH eyIgnwgrIkrayCamYymnusS TUeTA smÖar³b¤FmµCatitamyfaPUt tamry³karyl;RBHFm’. enH mann½yfa eyIgminGacbnþxitxMedIm,ItRmUvkar rbs;eyIgdrabNa eyIgmanvtßúbMNgNamYyehIyenaH. enAkñúgelakenH KµanRbePT buKÁlEdlcMNg;pgxøÜnEtgEtRtUv)anbMeBjeLIy eRBaHehtuenHeTIb eBlxøHeyIg)anlaPeBlxøH)at;bg; dUecñHeyIgKYrEtsRmbsRmYl xøÜneyIgCamYylkçx½NÐCIvit ¬elakFm’¦ EdlEtgEtRbkbCamYy Kña. TMnYlxusRtUvd¾Cak;lak;dUcCakarTTYllaP kar[laP GlaP

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CaedIm. CalT§pleyIgnwgseRmc)anesckIþsux snþiPaBtamry³ maK’akNþal. dUecñHehIy eTIbRBHsgÇkñúgCMhandMbUgbMput KWTTYlkar Gb;rMedIm,IesßrPaBpøÚvcitþ tamry³maK’akNþalenH. edIm,ITTYlyk karGb;rM ¬smaFi¦ enH[)anRsYl elaknwgmanÉksiT§imYycMnYn kñúg CIvitrbs;xøÜn b:uEnþsgÁmBuT§sasnik min)ancgelakeTAnwgCivitkúñg vtþGaram sRmab;EtkarTTYlKuNRbeyaCn_ BIBYkRKhsßenaHeT. dUecñH RbsinebIelakminmanlT§PaB sRmab;karrs;enAkñúgCIvitCa bBVCit KµanlT§PaBedIm,IBüayam sRmab;karrlas;xøÜn ¬esrIPaB¦ tamry³karceRmInsmaFiteTAeTot elakGacswkcakpñÜs ecjBI KN³sgÇ)an ehIyvilRtLb;eTApÞHvij edIm,IEfTaMsmaCikRKYsar rbs;xøÜn edayGnuelamtamRkmsIlFm’. eRBaHehtuenH ´sUm niyayfaBuT§sasna )anGnuBaØati[mnusSmanesrIPaBCMenOsasna kñúgsgÁmrbs;xøÜn ]bmafamnusScg;cUlrYmkñúgkic©karsasna BYkeK GaceFIVdUecñaH)an b:uEnþKµannrNamñak; b¤c,ab;NamYybgçitbgçM[eFIV dUecñaHeLIy. RBHsgÇmanesrIPaBxagsasna kñúgCIvitrbs;xøÜny:ag Na BYkRKhsßk¾manesrIPaBxagsasnay:agenaHEdr b¤Gacniyay )anfa BYkeKCaGñkeFIVkic©karsµ½RKcitþ sRmab;shKmn_sasnarbs; xøÜnedayesrI dUecñHkarcakecj b¤k¾sñak;enAkñúgvtþGaram KWGaRs½y edaybuKÁlxøÜnpÞal;.

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\riyabfBuT§sasnacMeBaHesckIþsux snþiPaB nigesrIPaB enAeBlbc©úb,nñenH mnusSCaeRcInmancMNg;cg;enA eday esrIPaB eBalKWR)ascakBIGIV²RKb;ya:g rYmTaMgRkmsIlFm’ GPismacar nigkarRKb;RKgsgÁmCaedIm. enAkñúgsgÁmTaMgGs; mnusSEtgR)afñaeFIVGIV² EdlxøÜncg;eFIVedayesrIRbsinebIGac eRBaH ehtuenH TsSn³énskmµPaBedayesrIenaH RtUv)aneKelIkmk BiPakSaya:gTUlMTUlay. skmµPaBesrIenH KWCaskmµPaBmYymin EmnCaRbFanbTcMeBaHGIV EdlCakMhit karbgÁab;bBa¢a b¤karbgçitbgçM CaedIm. KµanGIVmYy b¤nrNamñak;GacmkbgçM [buKÁlNamYyeFIV b¤hamXat;min[eFIVGIVmYy EdlxøÜnyl;faepSgBIxøÜnenaH)aneLIy. esrIPaBCabBaðamUldæanmYy sIþBIkareFIVGIVmYyEdlxøÜncg;eFIV. eTaHCa ya:gNak¾eday BuT§sasnikeCOfaesrIPaBenHCakarl¥ bu:EnþminEmn RKb;kal³eTsenaHeT dUecñHBYkeKBüayamdak;kMrit énesrIPaBrbs; buKÁlCamYynwgTMnYlxusRtUv énRkmsIlFm’nigmaK’akNþal. maK’a enHnwgpþl;nUvkaryl;eXIjRtUv ¬smµaTidæi¦ edIm,I[buKÁlenaHGacrYc putBIesckIþlM)ak¬Tukç¦RKb;ya:g. esrIPaBRbePTenH maneQµaHfa {sniþPaB {. mnusSbc©úb,nñenH EtgKitfa {PaBeCaKC½yénesdækic© } nwg naMRbCaCati b¤BiPBelakeTAkan;suxsniþPaB tamBitesdækic© KWCa mUldæanénPaBGatµaniym ¬nigsmÖarniymhYsRbmaN¦. Cajwk jab; PaBeCaKC½yxagesdækic© EdlKµankardak;RBMEdn edayRkm sIlFm’enaH EtgelIkTwkcitþmnusS [BuHBaredIm,IPaBman)anbEnßm

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eTot ehIybMpøajGñkdéT ¬RTBüsm,tiþrbs;GñkdéT¦ sRmab;Et RbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnb:ueNÑaH. dUecñHbuKÁlÉkCn nigrdæaPi)alRtUvEt bNþúHKuNsm,tiþ sIlFm’ edIm,ICYyeFIV[PaBeCaKC½y xagesdækic© enHCYy[mansniþPaB. dUecñHCMhandMbUgbMput KWkareRCIserIsmnusS RtUv[dwknaMRbeTs. buKÁlenaHKYrCaGñkmankarGb;rM GacCaTIBwgBak; manRkmsIlFm’ nigmankarTTYlxusRtUv CabuKÁlEdlecHeFIV[man tulüPaB rvageKalneya)ayrdæaPi)al nigRbB½n§esdækic© edIm,I sßabnasnþiPaB nigkIþRsLaj;enAkñúgsgÁm. BuT§sasnikeBalfa RbB½n§neya)ay nigesdækic©EdlRtwmRtUv GacRtUv)anbegáIteLIg sRmab;RbeTs edayeyaltamRBHFm’ RbsinebIRbeTsrbs;xøÜnCa RbeTsmanlT§iRbCaFibetyüenaH TaMgGñkmannigGñkRk nwgman »kasGaceFIVkarCamYyKña edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCatiTaMgmUl eRBaHehutenH ´sUmniyayfa \riyabfBuT§sasnaKWCab;Tak;Tg edaylT§iRbCaFibetyüCaglT§ipþac;karniym. BuT§sasnik)aneBalfa BuT§sasna)anpþl;nUvRkmsIlFm’ EdlRbkbedaysnþiPaBmYydl;mnusSCatiTaMgmUl nigCYy[BYkeK ecHRtiHriHkñúgkareRCIserIsrdæaPi)al nigRbB½n§neya)aymYyya:g smRsb. RTwsIþmaK’akNþalenH GaceFIV[BYkeKriHKit niyay)an RtwmRtUv nigeFIVkargarRbkbedayRkmsIlFm’. PaBsucrit nigRkm sIlFm’enHCamUldæan sRmab;TaMgxøÜnÉgpg nigsgÁmCatipg. kar RbtibtiþtammaK’amanGgÁR)aMbIenH Ca]bkrN_mYysRmab;edaHRsay bBaðasgÁm nigedIm,IsßabnanUvvDÆnPaBsgÁm nigsµartI eRBaHehtuenH

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´sUmniyayfa bc©½yénsniþPaBBiPBelak nigesckIþsuxrbs;mnusS KWGaRs½yedaykarGb;rMl¥ nigbuKÁlRbkbedaysIlFm’x<s; RBmTaMg yutþiFm’sgÁm nigrdæaPi)alsucrit. CIvitEdlmin)anBinitüCakarrs;enAedayminmantémø

karRkeLkemIlxagkñúg nigBinitüemIlxøÜnÉg mansar³ya:g rs;revIksRmab;kareQVgyl;RBHFm’ ¬sc©Fm’¦. karRkeLkemIl cMeBaHdMeNIrén)atuPUtxagkñúg eBalKWCIvitxagkñúg buKÁlGaceXIj sPav³BittamyfaPUt9. BuT§sasnikeBalfa karRkeLkemIlxag kñúg mann½yfakaremIlcitþ EdlCaehturbs;kmµTaMgLay eTaHCa kmµl¥kIþkmµGaRkk;kIþ. CakarlM)akNas; kñúgkaremIlkic© ¬tYnaTI¦ rbs;citþ nigectsikTaMgLay ¬dUcCa tNða-karelaPln; eTas-esckIþeRkveRkaF karcgKMnMuKMuKYn kars¥b;exI<m karRcENnQñanIs karRbkan;Tidæixus nigkarRbkan;xøÜnfaGjCaedIm¦ enAeBlNaEdl buKÁlmineRbIviFIBiess eBlenaHbuKÁlminGacemIleRCAeTAkñúg)an eLIy. enAkñúgBuT§sasna viFIBiessenH maneQµaHfakarceRmIn smaFi b¤niyay[Cak;lak;CagenHKW {karceRmInvibsSna {. vibsSnaenHCaRbePTmYyénkareFIVsmaFi EdlykmKÁmanGgÁR)aMbI mkeFIVCakmµdæan ehIyvibsSnaenHGaccak;FøúH¬yl;dwg¦ nUvsamBaØ lkçN³bIya:gKW³ sPav³mineTogTat;1 sPav³CaTukç1 nigsPav³

9 One can see things as they really are ,but not as they come to be.

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minEmnCarbs;xøÜn1 eBalKWGIV²RKb;ya:gkñúgsaklenH EdlhYsBI karRKb;RKgrbs;xøÜn. kic©rbs;mKÁGgÁR)aMbI KWedIm,InaMbuKÁl[yl;nUvPaBxusKñarvag esckIþsuxelakIy_ ¬kamsux¦ nigesckIþsuxd¾li¥tsuxum ¬Fmµsux b¤sniþsux¦. esckIþsuxelakIy_enH Gacrk)anenAkñúgCIvPaBRKYsar nigekIteLIgBIPaBCaRKhsß karse®gÁaHbuRtFIta nigkarbMeBjkatBV kic©sgÁmCaedIm. cMENkÉFmµsux KWesckIþsuxkñúgFm’ KWCavDÆnPaB xagsµartI EdlekItecjBIkarceRmInsmaFi ehIybTBiesaFn_én smaFienH maneQµaHfa {Griysc©³bYn nigesckIþs¶b;suxd¾éRkElg rbs;RBHniBaVn}. Griysc©³bYnenH RtUv)aneKelIkykmkBiPakSa ya:gTUlM TUlaybMput enAkñúgBuT§sasna eRBaHvamansar³d¾sMxan; kñúgkareQVg yl;cMeBaHBiPBxagkñúgrbs;buKÁlmñak;. Griysc©³bYnenHKW 1/ CIvitCaTukç eBalKWesckIþesakseRggxSwkxSÜl TukçeTamnsSCaedIm ¬Tukçsc©¦ 2/ TukçbNþalmkBItNða b¤])aTanEdlRbkbedayGviC¢a ¬smuTysc©¦ 3/ TukçGacRtUv)anlubbM)at;ecj edaykarlubbM)at; nUvtNðanig])aTan ¬nieraFsc©¦ nig4/ maK’aedIm,IlubbM)at;tNðanig ])aTan¬mKÁsc©¦. BYkBuT§sasnikeCOfa eKGaclubbM)at;nUvesckIþ TukçRKb;ya:g)an edaykaredIrtammaK’akNþal. karyl;nUvcturarIy sc©enH RBmedaykareFIV [Cak;c,as;nUvesckIþsux rbs;RBHniBaVncat; famanvDÆnPaBxagsµartI RBmTaMg)anseRmc eKaledAcugeRkay rbs;BuT§sasnapgEdr.

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mnusSCaeRcIn min)anyl;esckIþBiténCIvitEdlCaTukç ¬Tukç sc©¦eLIy. BYkeK)aneBalya:gmuWgma:t;fa esckIþBitdUceBalmk enHGacCaGIVEdleKrkeXIjeRkay minEmnCasc©PaBBit²enaHeT dUecñHehIyeKGacnwge)aHbg;ecal BIeRBaHEtBYkeKeCOfasc©PaBBit R)akd RtUvEtykmkeFIVksiNsakSI nigRtYtBinitüCasmµtikmµ)an dUcCaviFIsa®sþénviTüasa®sþCaedIm. éCOfasc©PaBEbbenH KWCa sc©elakIy_ EdlKµanGIVeTAeRbobnigsc©Fm’ nigkareFIV[Cak;c,as; nUvRBHniBaVn)aneLIy. sc©PaBkñúgbuKÁlxøÜnÉg EtgEtminERbRbYl eLIy. buKÁlGaceFIV[Cak;c,as;nUvbrmtßsc©³ tamry³karceRmIn smaFi)an ehIykarceRmInsmaFienH GacEjk[dac;BIKñarvag sPav³CaTukç nigkarecjcakTukç. CakarBit tulüPaBnigvDÆnPaB rbs;citþ KWGacemIleXIjkñúgCIvitbuKÁlxøÜnÉgenH EtgRbkbeday Tukç dUcCaTukçeRBaHcas;Cra BüaFi nigmrN³CaedIm. GMNacénmc©ú EtgbMEbkmnusSRKb;²rUbBIGñkCaTIRsLaj; eRBaHehtuenHehIyeTIb BuT§sasnikeBalfaCIvitCaTukç. BYkeKeCOfa niBaVnKWCasPav³énesc kIþs¶b;suxEtmüa:g ¬Éknþbrmsux¦ BIeRBaHEtKµankarekIt Kµankar søab;. BuT§sasna RtUv)anTTYlkarriHKn;fa CasasnaRbkbeday TuTidiæniym edaysarEtTsSn³Edlfa {CIvitCaTukç } enHBIeRBaHfa BuT§sasna hak;dUcCapÞúyeTAnwgTsSn³BiPBelak Edl)ansnµt; faCIvitCaPaBrIkray suxesamnsS. RBHsmµasm<úT§ RTg;k¾)anyl; RsbEdlfaCIvitKWPaBrIkray b:uEnþRBHGgÁRTg;)anRtas;fa PaBrIk

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rayénCIvit KWBitCasþÜcesþIgNas; ebIeRbobeTAnigesckIþTukçkñúgCIvit enaH. eyIgGaceXIj)an cMeBaHbrisßanCMuvijxøÜneyIg dUcCaGñkCm¶W kñúgmnÞIreBTü CnkMst;Gt;Xøan enABaseBjBiPBelak saksBRKb dNþb;EpnRbfBIkñúgTIsmrPUmi nigQammanenARKb;TIkEnøg. eyIgCa mnusSCati minGacRkeLkemIlRbCaCatiEtmYy b¤RtwmEtxøÜnÉg)an eT BIeRBaHeyIgTaMgGs;CamnusSCati eyIgKYrEtBicarNafa mnusS RKb;KñaCacMENkmYy énshKmn_TaMgmUl RbsinebInrNamñak;rs;enA CitpÞHrbs;eyIg Cab;RbeTsrbs;eyIg b¤enAelIEpndIdUcKña KYrEtRtUv )ancat;TukCaÉktþamYy énsmaCikRKYsarrbs;eyIg enaHeyIgnwg manesckIþGaNitGasUr cMeBaHTukçrbs;buKÁlenaH² eyIgnwgyl;kan; Etc,as;nUvesckIþTukçrbs;xøÜnÉgpgEdr ehIyesckIþTukçrbs;buKÁl enaH² KWBitCaesckIþTukçrbs;eyIg. RbsinebIeyIg)ansabeRBaH kmøaMgsµartI ¬\T§i)aTFm’¦ enAkñúgdYghb¤T½yrYcral;ehIy eyIgniwg emIleXIjnUvesckIþTukç EdlKµanTIbBa©b;kñúgCivit tamry³kruNaFm’ ebIeyIgsþab;BiPBelak eyIgnwgB¤sMelgénkarTYjyMrbs;mþay Edl kUnRbusrbs;xøÜnsøab;kñúgs®gÁam sERmkbursRbkbedaykMhwgBuH ke®Ba¢aleLIgdl;kMritkMBUl nigsMelgf¶Úrrbs;mþay EdlkUnRsIkMBug EtelIkédsMuGahardUecñH enaHehIyEdlfa CIvitCaTukç. CakarBitNas; karemIleXIjGIV²tamyfaPUt KWminEmnCa TuTidæiniymeLIy b:uEnþCasuTidæiniymvij eRBaHehtuenHeTIb BYkBuT§- sasnikeBalTsSn³fa {buKÁleXIjGIVbuKÁlEtgeCOenaH { KWminGac TTYlyk)anTaMgGs;enaHeT eRBaHCYnkaleyIgminGaceCOnUvGIVEdl

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eyIgeXIjpgdUcCamnþGaKm sil,³esokCaedIm dUcKñaenHEdr CYn kaleyIgGacemIleXIjedayxøÜnÉg kñúgviFIbMPan;EPñk tYya:geyIg GacnwgKit faCIvitEtgsißtesßr nigGacBwgBak;)an fIVebIkarBitenaH KWvaEtgEtERbRbYl nigminGacBwgBak;)ank¾eday. ]bmaeyIgQr enAmuxkBa©k; eyIgnwgeXIjxøÜnrbs;eyIg ehIysnµt;faxøÜnenaH Ca bursb¤®sþI b:uEnþkñúgn½ybrmtßvij KWKµanbursb¤®sþIenAkñúgxøÜnenaHeLIy vaRKan;EtCakarpSMcUlKñarvagnamrUb EdlmnusSRKb;Kñamanb:ueNÑaH. kñúgcMeNamBIrenH eyIgGacemIleXIjEtrUbeT b:uEnþminEmnnam¬citþ¦ eLIy luHRtaEteyIgBinitüemIlxøÜnÉg tamry³kareFIVsmaFi eRBaH ehtuenH eyIgminGacTTYlykbBaØtþi ¬TsSn³¦ {eyIgeXIjGIVeCO enaH } TaMgRsug)anenaHeT. b:uEnþBYkeKBuT§sasnikGHGagfa kar eFIV[Cak;c,as;nUvGriysc©³bYn RBmTaMgmKÁjaNnigpljaN tamry³ vibsSna RtUv)ancat;Tukfa)anseRmcvDÆnPaBxagsµartI nigelakutþr sux.

kartaMgcitþcugeRkayénCIvitBuT§sasnik BYkBuT§sasnikCn EdlmansT§amaM )aneFIVGFidæancMeBaHPaB eCaKC½yxagsasnarbs;xøÜn edaykarbMeBjnUvkgkarCakuslTaMg Lay. karebþCJacugeRkay rbs;BYkBuT§sasnik KWKµanGIVeRkABIkar seRmcniBaVn nigkarrlas;xøÜnecjBITukçkñúgsgSarvdþenaHeT. BuT§sa- snikR)afñacg;)anvtßúCaeRcIn dUcCaRTBüsm,tiþ karGb;rM CIvitRKYsar eBareBjedaykIþsux nigPaBeCaKC½yRKb;muxnaTI. tamBit TaMgGs;

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enHminEmnCaeKaledAcugeRkayeT b:uEnþCatRmUvkarelakIy_ sRmab; CIvitbu:eNÑaH. BuT§sasnikPaKeRcInyl;fa tRmUvkarrbs;mnusSmin EdlmanTIbBa©b;eLIy BIeRBaHfamnusSelak EtgEteRskXøan cMeBaHPaBeRtkRtGalkñúgpøÚvelakIy_ nigPaBrIkrayd¾elIslb;kñúg CIvit. b:uEnþBYkeKdwgfatRmUvkard¾elIslb;enH GacbNþaleTACaTukç dl;CIvit\tQb;Qr. drabNacitþbuKÁlminmantulüPaB KµanstiKW esckIþrlwkRtUv drabenaH buKÁlenaHÉgrEmgRKbdNþb;edaycMNg; ¬tNða¦ ehIynwgCYbnUvbBaðaEdlminGacedaHRsay)an nigPaB lM)akCaeRcIn EdleBareBjedayesckIþTukçKµanTIbBa©b;. BuT§sasnikyl;fa vaBi)akNas;kñúgkarrlas;xøÜnecjBItNða nig])aTanKWkarRbkan;maM cMeBaHelakIy_sux luHRtaEtBYkeKRbtibtiþ ceRmInPavna. bc©úb,nñenH manmnusSCaeRcIn EdleCOfaebI BYkeKbgçMxøÜneKpÞal; kñúgkarbdiesFecalnUvelakIy_sux kñúgCIvit BYkeKnwgFujfb;pøÚvcitþ ehIynigRtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCaGñk manbBaða sgÁmCamYymnusSCMuvij. CalT§pl BYkeKBüayamTajxøÜneK[cUl eTArkCIvitkñúgsgÁm edIm,IeRtkRtGalkñúgesckIþsuxelakIy_enaH. éCOfaBaküsMGagrbs;BYkeKenH BwgEp¥kTaMgRsugeTAelItNaðrbs; xøÜn Edlcg;)anPaBeRtkRtGalnwgkamKuNya:gxøaMg. ]TahrN_dUc CnejonfñaM EtgEtcg;)anfñaMbEnßmeTot ehIyeBalfaxøÜnGacnwg søab; luHRtaeK)anfñaMejoneTot. kareQVgyl;cMeBaHsßanPaBenH BuT§sasnikBüayamGb;rMxøÜn edIm,Ikat;bnßynUvcMNg;rbs;xøÜnmYy

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CMhanmþg² tamry³ Tan sIl Pavna . BYkeKeCOfa éf¶NamYy eKnwg)anseRmcnUveKaledAcugeRkay eBalKWkarseRmc RBHniBaVn. enAkñúgvKÁGb;rMEbbBuT§sasna vacaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkaredIrtam maK’aCamUldæanCaCMhandMbUg. enHmann½yfa buKÁlEdleCOCak;kñúg RBHFm’nwgBüayam edIm,IeFIVcitþ[mantulüPaBCamun tamry³kar GnuvtþviFIsa®sþénGriymKÁGgÁR)aMbI edIm,ITTYl)anesßrPaBxagsgÁm Fm’nigsµartI. eRBaHehtuenH buKÁlKYrBüayam edIm,I[)anseRmc PaBeCaKC½yxagsgÁmFm’ nigsµartIRBmedaysuxsniþPaBpg. edIm,I eFIV[seRmc)an nUvesckIþeBjcitþTaMgxagkamKuN nigsmÖar³enaH GPismacarBuT§sasna pþl;Gnusasn_fatémøsIlFm’ nigGPisma carRtUv)aneKBicarNafa CaEpñkmYyénCIvitRbcaMéf¶ ehIyemtþaFm’ nigkruNaFm’CaEpñkmYy énkarRbtibtiþsasna. RbsinebIbuKÁl)an seRmcerOgenH KW)anesckIþfa buKÁlkMBugEtcUleTArkesckIþsux sniþPaBkñúgCIvit Cabc©úb,nñehIy. kñúgesckIþsnñidæanenH GPismacarBuT§sasna KWmaK’aRbtibtiþ CacMbg RbkbedaymaK’aburaNenaH KWGdægÁikmKÁ ¬pøÚvmanGgÁR)aMbI¦ hñwgÉg. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday maK’aenHk¾GacTTYlyksRmab; mnusSnigsgÁmsm½yfIµpgEdr. enHBIeRBaH maK’aenH minRtwmEtCa RbeyaCn_ sRmab;BuT§sasniksm½yburaNb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþvak¾Ca RbeyaCn_sRmab;mnusSsm½yfµIpgEdr. maK’aenHnwgdwknaMBuT§sasnik eq<aHeTArkesckIþsux sniþsuxsgÁm nigsniþPaB nigeKaledAcug eRkay EdlCaesckIþsuxs¶b; eBalKWRBHniBaVn. eRBaHehtuenH

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eKalbMNgrbs;BuT§sasnik kñúgkarRbtibtiþRbcaMéf¶ KWedIm,IRtYtBinitü eLIgvij cMeBaHRkmsIlFm’ nigkarRbRBwtþrbs;xøÜn ¬kmµGaRkk;kIþ kmµ l¥kIþ¦ tamry³maK’akNþal edIm,IeFIV[skmµPaBsgÁmmantulüPaB ehIyCayfapl)andl;RBHniBaVn ¬karrlas;xøÜncugeRkay¦. xJúMmanCMenOfa ebIeTaHCaBuT§sasnik min)andl;eKaledAkñúg CatiCabc©úb,nñenHk¾eday BYkeKenAEtrkSakarebþCJarbs;xøÜn kñúgkar seRmceKaledA tamry³karRbtibtiþtammaK’akNþalenH. TnÞwm nwgenHEdr BYkeKnwgbnþkñúgkarbegáItnUvesckIþsux sniþPaBsRmab; CIvitkñúgsgÁm. CacugeRkay xJMúsUmniyayfa BuT§sasnikGacGnuvtþ tamGPismacarBuT§sasna edaysT§aya:gmaM edIm,ITidæPaBsgÁm sm½yfIµ CakarbegáItesckIþsux sRmab;mnusSCatiTUeTA.

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RbsinebIGñkmanGnusasn_ sMnYr b¤sMNMuBr sUmTMnak;TMngtamry³ E-Mail : [email protected] [email protected] www.dhamma-gems.blogspot.com

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Buddhist Ethics In Daily Life - unthol.files.wordpress.com · Title: Microsoft Word - Buddhist Ethics In Daily Life.doc Author: CHAMROEN Created Date: 9/14/2007 12:27:52 AM