Computer-supported simulations for urban planninginfar.architektur.uni-weimar.de/.../technical_reports/bauriedel.pdf · Allen, Peter M. (1997): Cities and Regions As Self -Organizing

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Computer-supported simulations for urban planning Model calculations for visualizing the dynamic processes of city-development

dipl. ing. architect Christian Bauriedel

[email protected] Chair computer science in architecture Bauhaus-university weimar Belvederer allee 1 D-99423 weimar Mentor: prof. dr.-ing. Dirk Donath

Abstract

In a simulation program four different, clearly defined developing paths are be calculated for the rebuilding of a shrinking town. With the help of self-organization principles, a complex-

system is created. The dynamic based on the action patterns of single actors, whose behaviours are depending again on the generated structure. Global influences, which control the development, are divided in a spatial, a socioeconomic, and an organizational-juridical

level. The simulation model should offer conclusions for planning strategies, especial for the procedural creation of rebuilding measures.

Conceptual formulation

The infrastructure issue is one of the most complicated in urban planning. Infrastructures in this case are e .g. all care institutions of a city like streets and public transportation-systems as well as supply networks for water, steam, gas, phone etc. In addition public access to

certain functions is also a part of this infrastructure. That might be public institutions like schools or hospitals, or shops that deliver goods, as well as enterprises, that provide workplaces. These supplying functions are defined as centres.

The systems infrastructure and the physical visualization of spatial unities are varying and are interwoven radically with the different levels of the whole structure. Every section got its

own, extremely individual problem that has to been taken into consideration (catchments area, profitability calculations, swells of dimension, etc.). Difficulties of gradual adaptation to the dynamically changing demographic and socioeconomic conditions arise. This happens in



datei: 07_technical_report christian bauriedel.doc bauhaus-universität weimar belvederer allee 1 InfAR 99421 weimar tel:+49(o)3643/5842o1 fax: +49(o)3643/5842o2


public as well as in private-economic infrastructure. Hence it seems advisable to

introduce a practically oriented, computer-supported urban simulation-model, which is capable of illustrating essential parameters of

urban development for a concrete case and therefore provides a basis for the simulation of different scenarios. For this the city has to

be abstracted in three essential levels: the spatial, the socioeconomic and the

organizational-juridical level. The complex relations between spaces, actors and instruments must not only be well human

readable, moreover the changes of the simulation in time must been traceable. Own attempts and experiments on generative, control-based structural processes (fig. 02) opened

multi-layered perspectives for the development of a new generation of complex city models.

fig. 02: The for levels of the city model. Computer-generated urban structures. [Bauriedel/König 2004]

parameters of controlling

parameters of order pattern, structure

enslavement

subsystems

generating

recognition

fig. 01: The principle of synergetic.

Bottom up und Top-down. [Wunderlin 1996]





Method

The basis of the work is a system-theoretical model, which divides the complex system of a city in its essential elements. These elements have different qualities according to the degree of abstraction, scale and working task. By defining those elements, both their relations and

the borders of the system have been fixed. Afterwards the principles of self-organization order the elements in a bottom-up procedure. This means that there are no given patterns, but the elements influence themselves (because of their own qualities and generated

behaviours) in a way that a complex structure was generated. For this reason not all urban processes can be simulated, so restrictions on different levels must been introduced, to

control the system on a global level, also known as top-down procedure (fig. 01). The different phenomena of an urban structure are implemented by using mathematical descriptions from urban theory. By the adaptable combination of both principles, top-down

and bottom-up, the process is simulated under changing conditions.

• spatial

• socioeconomic

• organizational-juridical

global influences can be controlled on different levels:

dynamic depends on:

• the behaviours of the acteurs• the generated structure

- stabilize the city

- no intervention

- renaturate the city

- strenghten the initiatives of the population

self-organization processes generate a complex city system

different scenarios:

conclusions for urban planning strategies fig. 02: method of simulating the development of the city





references Alexander, Christopher (1965): A city is not a tree. (Part I), Architectural Forum Vol 122, No 1, Apr 65, 58-62 (http://www.rudi.net/bookshelf/classics/city/alexander/alexander1.shtml) Allen, Peter M. (1997): Cities and Regions As Self-Organizing Systems: Models of Complexity (Environmental Problems and Social Dynamics): Taylor & Francis. Batty, Michael, Longley, Paul (1994): Fractal Cities, A Geometry of Form and Function. London: Academic Press.

Bauriedel, Christan; König, Reinhard (2004): Computergenerierte Stadtstrukturen. Veröffentlicht im Eigenverlag und unter: http://www.entwurfsforschung.de/compStadt/compStadt.htm, München. Benenson, Itzhak; Torrens, Paul M. (2004): Geosimulation. Automata-based modelling of urban phenomena.Wiley Franck, Georg; Wegener, Michael (2002): Die Dynamik Räumlicher Prozesse. In Raumzeitpolitik. Edited by Henckel, Dietrich and Eberling, Matthias, 145-162, Opladen: Leske + Budrich. Hillier, Bill (1996): Space is the Machine. Cambridge University Press.

Humpert, Klaus (1994): Das Phänomen der Stadt. Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre. Arbeitsbericht des Städtebaulichen Instituts der Universität Stuttgart. Portugali, Juval (2000): Self-Organization and the City. Edited by Hermann Haken, Springer Series in Synergetics. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer. Teichmann, Klaus; Wilke, Joachim (1996): Prozess und Form "Natürlicher Konstruktionen". Berlin: Ernst & Sohn. Weidlich, Wolfgang (2000): Sociodynamics. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic.

Wunderlin, Arne (1996): Problemstellungen Der Synergetik - Eine Einführung. In Prozess und Form "Natürlicher Konstruktionen" Editiert von Teichmann, Klaus and Wilke, Joachim; 202-209, Berlin: Ernst & Sohn.

Documents

Computer-supported simulations for urban planninginfar.architektur.uni-weimar.de/.../technical_reports/bauriedel.pdf · Allen, Peter M. (1997): Cities and Regions As Self -Organizing