Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum -Rheinhessen-Nahe

1Dr. Heribert Koch

Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum -Rheinhessen Nahe Hunsrück-, Applikationstechnik

Implementing drift reduction technology into risk assessme ntand practical advice for farmers and growers

Dr. Heribert Koch

„Advancing Intelligent Mitigation“, Brussels 22.10.20 08

Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum

- Rheinhessen-Nahe-Hunsrück -

° Applikationstechnik °Bad Kreuznach

Bild: Lechler

2Dr. Heribert Koch


1.compact water volume + product

1. Machine

Application:

2. Plant - target2.Deposit formation on targets(Process: retention --> drying --> initial depos it)Parameter: coverage (%),

number of particles/cm², deposit (ng/cm²), variability (cv %)

(Atomisation - droplet formation, droplet transportatio n)

l/10 000m² * m * km/h l/min = ------------------------------

600

Calibration of sprayer independent of crop: calibrati on formula(delivery of an intended volume (l) to an area (10 000 m²) �� distribution)

3.Effects: Biological efficacy, phytotox, residues, ef fects to NTO, …

-> Losses: ground – air

3Dr. Heribert Koch


What is drift?

Acceptance on growers level - Information to grower

Implementing drift reduction technology into risk asses sment and practicaladvice for farmers and growers

Legal aspects- Drift classification, Buffer zones, use restriction s

§ § § §

4Dr. Heribert Koch


Drift: unintended contamination outside treated plot

Drift: occurs during application

What is drift?

Drift: losses do not contribute to efficacy

Drift is a concern: - environment: air, surface water, field edges- adjacent crops- housing areas

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Drift vines

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„Fog-like distribution ist required“ = very fine drople ts

Growers Journal, 1953

Fine droplets is a dogma,

Resulting from theoretical calculations

7Dr. Heribert Koch


nozzle: AirMix 110 04

Today: Drift reduction = reduction of fine drop vol ume

8Dr. Heribert Koch


Today: Drift reduction = reduction of fine drop vol ume

nozzle AVI 80 015

9Dr. Heribert Koch


Legal aspects

EU-Directive 91/414

§ Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC § Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides§ Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Coun cil

concerning the placing of plant protection products on t he market

Risk to surface water, NTO, terrestrial structures

National authorisation/registration:

- Drift is recognised as relevant pathway of contaminat ion- Risk mitigation measures:

- buffer zones, - use restrictions- technical measures- …….

10Dr. Heribert Koch


Orchard sprayer

[relevant for PPP registration in Germany] [relevant for sprayer/nozzle classification in Germany ] www.jki.bund.de

Candidatesprayer

„Basic Drift Values“ – Drift reduction classes: 50% - 7 5% - 90%

11Dr. Heribert Koch


NW605 Die Anwendung des Mittels auf Flächen in Nachbarsch aft von Oberflächen-gewässern - ausgenommen nur gelegentlich wasserführen de, aber einschließlich periodischwasserführender Oberflächengewässer - muss mit einem Gerät erfolgen, das in das Verzeichnis "Verlustmindernde Geräte" vom 14. Oktob er 1993 (Bundesanzeiger Nr. 205, S. 9780) in der jeweils geltenden Fassung eingetrag en ist. Dabei sind, in Abhängigkeit von den unten aufgeführten Abdriftminderungsklassen der verwendeten Geräte, die im Folgenden genannten Abstände zu Oberflächengewässer n einzuhalten. Für die mit "*" gekennzeichneten Abdriftminderungsk lassen ist, neben dem gemäßLänderrecht verbindlich vorgegebenen Mindestabstand zu Oberflächengewässern, § 6 Absatz 2 Satz 2 PflSchG zu beachten.

50% : 5m75% : 5m90% *

NW606 Ein Verzicht auf den Einsatz verlustmindernder Techn ik ist nur möglich, wenn bei der Anwendung des Mittels mindestens unten genannter Abstand zu Oberflächengewässern - ausgenommen nur gelegentlich wasserführende, aber einschließlich periodisch wasserführender Oberfläche ngewässer - eingehalten wird. Zuwiderhandlungen können mit einem Bußgeld bis zu e iner Höhe von 50.000 Euro geahndet werden.

Abstand: 10m

Label instructions – use restrictions (D)

12Dr. Heribert Koch


Registration of PPP:

risk assessment: TER-calculation

T: toxicity, product properties - effects on NTO

E: exposure, assessed for different application proced ures

Exposure is:

- highly variable at distinct positions in the field- manageable by technical means

Methodology Drift Measurement represents standardised a pplication scenarios- wind speed: 2-m/sec, - wind direction: +/- 30°rectangular to driving directi on, etc.- artificial collectors on cut meadow/bare ground- ………

SETAC

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Activities:

– information

– demonstration

– advice

– ……

14Dr. Heribert Koch


Application: wind = 8 m/sec

Visualisation of drift pattern

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Visualisation of drift patternMicropatchiness of drift deposits

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ID 120 015; 3,5 bar; 200 l/haXR 110 02; 1,9 bar; 200 l/ha

Spray application: no wind


ID 120 015; 3,5 bar; 200 l/ha

Fine drop volume: ~ 1%

XR 110 02; 1,9 bar; 200 l/ha

Fine drop volume: ~ 10%

Spray application: no wind


Koch, H., O. Strub u. P. Weißer (2004) The patchiness of pesticide drift deposition patter ns in plant canopies.Nachrichtenblatt Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 56, 25-29.

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Droplet spectrum

18Dr. Heribert Koch


Spray swath with high and low fine drop volume

AI – Injector nozzle 025(2,9 bar; 5,1 km/h; = 200 l/ha)

Flat fan nozzle XR 03(1,8 bar; 5,1 km/h; = 200 l/ha)

Vorbeifahrende Düsen

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20Dr. Heribert Koch


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 200 400 600 800 1000M VD

Wir

kung

%

XR 03, 2,8bar

Airmix 025,1,7barAirmix 025,3,6barIDN 025,1,7barIDN 025,3,6barAVI Twin025, 1,7barAVI Twin025, 3,6barTTI 025,1,7barTTI 025,3,6barID 02, 6,4bar

Airmix 02,

Effect of VMD on efficacy (Chenopodium album)Phenmedipham; 50% of nominal dose; very dry condition s

21Dr. Heribert Koch


visiblespray cloud

no spray cloud

Droplets < 100µmevaporation, drift100µm = 0,1 mm

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Ochard spraying

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TDJ TD 80-02Agrotop

-015Lechler ID (C) 90-

-02 -025 -03Agrotop AVI 80-

-015-01 -02 -03

Anti-drift-nozzles – pressure range (2-4 bar)check, if pressure valve works at 2-4 bar

Injector nozzles - pressure range = hollow cones (6-10 bar)

-02 -03 -04 -05Teejet DG 80-

-02 -03 -04Lechler AD (C) 90-

Drift Drift reducingreducing nozzlesnozzles (high (high cropscrops))

NozzlesNozzlesNozzlesNozzles todaytodaytodaytoday::::

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Demonstration to growers, test operators, advisors, …..

25Dr. Heribert Koch


Activities in 2007:

• Presentations: Scientific and to growers 52

• Papers: Scientific / Grower Journals 31

• AID-Video (DVD) „Orchard sprayers - technology and ha ndling“

• Training Test operators for mandatory sprayer inspectio n 4 (75 persons)

• Field demonstrations for growers 6

• Workshop for advisors 1 (20 persons)

• Personal advice on request (telefon, e-mail, on farm) 500

• Various leaflets, Dose calculator , (www.pflanzenschutz.rlp.de)

Activities: information to grower - acceptance from grower

26Dr. Heribert Koch


Drift = contamination outside treated plot= exposure to the environment (Water, NTO)

Registrator:- Evaluation of effects – realistic risk assessment- System of drift quantification and classification of spraying equipment- System of drift mitigation measures and label restric tion

Conclusion

Chemical Industry:- Information to grower- Formulation affects atomisation and drift potential

Machine Industry:- Availability and practicability of techniques (new spr ayers, retrofitting)

Grower:- Understanding of problem and solution- Change of behaviour and technique

27Dr. Heribert Koch


Why should a grower change behaviour and technique?

Problem – solutions - costs – benefits = awareness

How to gain acceptance from grower and applicator ??

Losses do not contribute to efficacy

Reduction of losses means: in tendency higher depositsin tendency higher efficacy

in accordance with legal requirements

no visible spray cloud above crop

less conflicts with neighbours

Conclusion

28Dr. Heribert Koch


Thank you for listening

Mäuseturm und Burg Ehrenfels bei Bingen am Rhein

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Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum -Rheinhessen-Nahe