Philosophical Review

Einleitung in die Philosophie by Wilhelm JerusalemReview by: Ellen Bliss TalbotThe Philosophical Review, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Mar., 1901), pp. 218-219Published by: Duke University Press on behalf of Philosophical ReviewStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2176523 .

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2I8 THE PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW. [VOL. X.

analytical part of the text is put in small type while the synthetical part is in large type. The book is, on the whole, well adapted to supersede Guizot's History of Civilization by reason of greater depth of view, and better adaptation to the spirit of democracy.

Although it is difficult to give a brief characterization of so comprehensive a work, we may note a few leading thoughts. The logos doctrine is viewed historically as man becoming God and God becoming man, the two pro- cesses finding their synthesis in Jesus. In Him history becomes I Christo- centric'; or, putting the thought more exactly, history leads us to anthropo- logical monism. Here we discover both ourselves and reality, our dignity and our end. Christ is also the synthesis of all our thinking about God and the world. As with Trendelenberg and von Ihering, the principle of all interpretation is teleological, allowing no antithesis of efficient and final causes. These thoughts are worked out through an elaborate scheme of ethnology, and with copious references to modern philosophers and scien- tists. The work certainly deserves the careful attention of all who are in- terested in the philosophy of history.

MATTOON M. CURTIS. ADELBERT COLLEGE.

Enliei/ung in die Pkiiosof5hie. Von WILHELM JERUSALEM. Wien u. Leipzig, W. Braumidler, i899.-pp. vi, i89. This book is an attempt to clear the way for that new solution of the

problems of philosophy which is demanded by the present age. In order to meet the needs of contemporary thought, philosophy must fulfill three requirements. First, it must take account of the results that have already been gained in the field of scientific investigation, and of the methods by which these results have been reached. The attempt " to construct a system of concepts after the manner of Hegel" does not appeal to the thought of to-day. We must build from below, not from above. This does not mean that we are to neglect inner experience; it means simply that our philosophy must rest upon facts-be they facts of inner or of outer experience. The attempt to reduce matter to mind, and the attempt to reduce mind to matter, are both hostile to the scientific empiricism which we demand of a strictly modern philosophy. The second requirement, leading to the same regard for facts, is that we shall return to the point of view of the healthy human understanding. Philosophy has learned the folly of striving for the unat- tainable in knowledge; but within the sphere of the attainable, it should cultivate a spirit of confidence in the powers of the human mind. The third requirement is that the various philosophical disciplines shall be studied from the genetic, biological, and social points of view. In psy- chology, ethics, aesthetics, and epistemology, much light will be thrown upon the various problems by the adoption of these new methods of inves- tigation.

Using these three requirements as his guiding principles, Dr. Jerusalem takes up one by one the various philosophical disciplines, discusses their

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No. 2.] NJOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 2I9

problems, methods, and tendencies, and notes their relations to one another. His treatment of psychological, epistemological, and metaphysical questions recalls his earlier books. The discussions of ethics and aesthetics are new, and contain much that is suggestive and interesting. Dr. Jerusalem's readers will look with eagerness for the fuller treatment which he hopes to give these subjects at a future time.

The demand that philosophy shall be imbued with the scientific spirit and shall make use of scientific methods does not, in the author's opinion, involve the doctrine of the uselessness of metaphysical speculation. The interest in metaphysical inquiry is beginning to revive. Philosophy must return to its old task, must seek once more to become Wel/anschauungs- lehre. But the metaphysics of the future, in searching for a satisfactory conception of the whole, must use those methods which science has em- ployed in the investigation of particulars. Acting upon this belief, the author seeks to gain his Weltanschauung by the aid of his doctrine of judgment, " which is found true in the realm of experience." In this way he reaches the conception of the universe as the expression of a powerful will, which manifests itself both in physical and in psychical changes. God is the postulate, "I not of the practical, but of the theoretical reason."

One cannot conclude even so brief a notice as this without pausing to comment upon the orderly arrangement of the book, and the great clearness and vigor of expression. Whatever may be one's attitude toward Dr. Jerusalem's theories, one cannot but admire his methods of exposition. The book is provided with two carefully compiled indexes, and at the close of each chapter a number of references for further reading is given.

ELLEN BLISS TALBOT.

Memory: an Inductive Study. By F. W. COLEGROVE. With an Intro- duction by G. STANLEY HALL. New York, Henry Holt & Co., I900. -pp. vli, 369.

There is no doubt ample room at the present day, not merely for general works dealing with the whole range of psychology, but for special treatises which present exhaustively the facts of some limited field of mental phe- nomena. The subject of memory lends itself well to the latter mode of treatment, owing not merely to the comparative definiteness of the subject- matter, but also to the wealth of scientific observations which have been accumulated. It has been the aim of Dr. Colegrove to give in this volume a broad, many-sided study of the subject, including both the scientific and the practical aspects.

The work shows praiseworthy industry in the gathering of facts, whether observed by the author or by others, and in the citation of authorities, and there are valuable observations scattered throughout the volume. The plan of the work is conceived in a large and tolerant spirit. But as a whole, the study is not successful. It is wanting in clearness and in logical connec- tion and system. The material presented, as well as the style of presenta-

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