30

qeTevan qanTaria

Cvens samyaros iseTs, rogoric axlaa, msoflios xalxebi erTad qmnidnen – sxvadasxvagvari wvlili SehqondaT mis ganviTarebaSi: zogi xalxi, rogorc Cven, aTaswleulebi „idga iq“, sadac Seiqmna; iq icavda Tavis unikalurobas da Tavisuflebas da „sxvagvarad ar SeeZlo“, zogi – qvey-nierebis Secnobis, „axali zecis da axali miwis“ ZiebiT, axali samyaros, axali samarTlianobis, kanonebis Seqmnis wadiliT. „amerika erTaderTi qveyanaa, romelic ideebisgan iSva“, – Tqva am qveynis erT-erTma saukeTeso mweralma. da aq, ra Tqma unda, is „samuSao“ igulisxmeba, romelic amerikelebis araerTma Taobam demokratiisa da Tavisufali pirovnebis cnebaTa Camoyalibeba-Si, Semdeg ki sinamdviled qcevaSi Seasrula.

1933 wlis 20 aprils amerikis 26-e prezidentis, franklin delano ruzveltis meuRle, eleo-nor ruzvelti, TeTr saxlSi amelia erharts maspinZlobda, amerikis legendas – msoflioSi pirvel qalsa da meore mfrinavs, romelmac aviaciis, SeiZleba iTqvas, gariJraJze, 1932 wels, at-lantis okeanes gadaufrina. am orma qalma formaluri sadilis mdinareba spontanuri saqcie-liT daarRvia – erhartma ruzvelts baltimorSi gadafrena SesTavaza, iqve, imwuTas. maT saRa-mos kabebiT miaSures saaviacio bazas, gezi baltimorisken aiRes, mere ukan, vaSingtonSi, gad-mofrindnen da TeTr saxlSi iseT dros dabrundnen, roca stumrebs desertiT umaspinZlde-bodnen. es Zalian cnobili saRamoa amerikis, ufro ki – amerikeli qalebis istoriaSi. Tumca, el-eonor ruzvelti, romelmac, misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, qorwinebis pirveli 20 weli fexmZi-mobasa da bavSvebis movlaSi gaatara, TandaTanobiT gamoamJRavnebs yvela im Tvisebas, romelic mogvianebiT „msoflios pirveli ledis“ statuss SesZens.

qalebi

Eleanor Roosevelt

eleonor ruzvelti

Tu vinme eleonor ruzveltis cxovrebis wina wlebze am Tamami gamoxdomiT Seiqmnis warmod-genas, Secdeba. mis cxovrebaSi iyo bevri upiratesoba, rasac privilegirebul, kulturul da mdidar ojaxSi dabadeba TavisTavad gulisxmobs, magram iyo dabrkolebebic, travmebica da ara-erTi „sabrZoli“ sakiTxi, romelTa qomagobiT eleonor ruzvelti Tavis wil samuSaos Seasru-lebs axali amerikis istoriaSi.

eleonori daibada 1884 wels niu-iorkis sazogadoebaSi kargad cnobili, lamazi, SeZlebuli wyvilis ojaxSi. mas, wesiT, bednieri bavSvoba unda hqonoda, magram mamamiss, eliot ruzvelts, amerikis erT-erTi saukeTeso prezidentis Zmas, aRmosavleTis qveynebSi cxovrebisas SeZenilma mavne Cvevebma mouRo bolo. deda, ana holi, rogorc werdnen, „niu-iorkis salonebis mSveneba“, qmris alkoholizmisa da Tavawyvetili cxovrebi-sagan ise iyo gamofituli, rom mas bavSvebTan urTierTobis Tavi aR-ar hqonda. eleonors mamasTan werilebiT uwevda urTierToba. rva wlis asakSi eleonors difteriiT gardaecvala deda da umcrosi Zma, elioti, ori wlis Semdeg – „akrZaluli“ mama. mama, romelic xandaxan ZaRlebTan erTad aseirnebda, Semdeg ki saaTobiT alo-dinebda romelime gasarTobi dawesebulebis karTan. amis miuxedavad, Zalze Zvirfasi iyo igi eleono-risTvis, mis gardacvalebasTan erTad ki axal ga-remoSi mouwia gadasvla: jer dedis dedasTan – meri livingston ladlousTan, romlis warCi-nebul saxlSi ganaTlebuli, daxvewili garemo da lamis sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo cxovre-bis wesi daxvda: ojaxis qalebi mas enebsa da is-torias aswavlidnen, mamakacebi „dardimandu-li“ cxovrebiT cxovrobdnen da zogjer is-ec momxdara, romelime nasvam biZas sagva-reulo parkSi Semosuli stumrisTvis Tofidan usvria. amnairma bavSvobam mZime kvali datova gogonaze: mas mTeli cxovrebis manZilze axsen-ebda Tavs depresia.

amelia erharti (1897-1937) da eleonor ruzvelti

eleonor ruzvelti mamasTan, eliot ruzveltTan (1860-1894) erTad

eleonor ruzveltis deda ana holi (1863- 1892)

31

am politikurma dinastiam erTdroulad misca qveyanas araerTi gamorCeu-li figura, maT Soris, ori prezidenti, swored im xarisxis amerikelebi, romle-bic qveyanas ideebisa da Tavisufali adamianis msaxurebiT Zerwavdnen. roca 1876 wels Teodor ruzvelti, amerikis 26-e da usayvarlesi prezidenti, har-vardis unverisitetSi Sedioda, mamamisma, eleonoris babuam, ase daariga: „jer

Sens zneobaze izrune, Semdeg – janmr-Telobaze, mere – swavlaze“. bolos

da bolos swored Teodor ruzvel-ti iyo, visac pativi ergo maunt

15 wlis asakSi eleonori londonis sauke-Teso qalTa pansionSi, alensvudis akademiaSi, gagzavnes sami wliT. skolis frangi damaarse-beli da direqtori, mari suvestri, sruliad gansakuTrebuli, damoukideblad moazrovne, socialurad mgrZnobiare qali iyo da Tan ele-onoris mimarT did yuradRebas iCenda – albaT, is iyo eleonoris erT-erTi udidesi inspira-tori da avtoriteti, romelTanac Semdeg ram-denime weli xSiri mimowera SeinarCuna, suvest-ris gardacvalebis Semdegac ki swerda mas weri-lebs da fotosuraTTan uwyobda, romelic mu-dam sawer magidaze edga. eleonori suvestris mzrunvelobas droze adre moaSores bebiis daJi-nebiT: eleonori 18 wlis gaxda da, niu-iorkis ma-Rali wris wesisamebr, sazogadoebisaTvis (da, al-baT, potenciuri saqmrosaTvis) misi gacnobis dro dadga. Tumca, eleonorma da misma Soreulma naTesavma – franklin delano ruzveltma erTmaneTi momdevno wels aR-moaCines da dainiSnen. isini ruzveltebis erT Stos, magram sxva-

dasxva ganStoebas miekuTvnebodnen.

XVII saukuneSi evropidan amerikis kontinentisaken manamde arnaxuli raodenobis xalxi daiZra. eseni metwilad evropidan devnili an gamoqceuli protestantebi iyv-nen. holandielebi am nakadis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgendnen. maT didi roli Seas-rules niu-iorkis ganviTarebaSi. aq, manhetenze, dRevandeli Empire State Building-is adgilas SeiZines niderlandidan Camosulma ruzveltebma miwebi, Semdeg ki iq maTi

didi saxli idga. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ruzveltebi amerikis uZveles, pirvelmo-saxleTa aristokratias miekuTvnebodnen.

mari suvestri(1830-1905)

qalebi

eleonor ruzvelti alensvudis akademiaSi

32

raSmorze amerikis sami diadi „mamis“ – vaSin-gtonis, jefersonisa da linkolnis – gver-diT qvaSi amoekveTaT. rac Seexeba col-qmar ruzveltebs, amerikis istoriaSi isini erT-maneTs mniSvnelobiT ar Camouvardebian da Tu delano ruzveltis wvlili imTaviTve iyo gansazRvruli, rogorc prezidentisa, eleonor ruzveltis roli sruliad gamor-Ceulia.

safiqrebelia, rom col-qmars maTi STa-magonebeli erT-erTi figura ojaxSi egu-leboda – Teodor ruzvelti, qmediTi, mxne, patiosani da idealisti politikosi, nobe-lis premiis laureati mSvidobis dargSi, mwerali, odesRac – samxedro piric. ruz-velti, rogorc aSS-is mdidari elitis war-momadgeneli, Tavidan respublikuri parti-is wevri iyo, romelic istoriulad mdidari amerikelebis finansur interess icavs, mag-ram droTa ganmavlobaSi Teodorma gaacno-

biera, rom didi kapitalis zemoqmedeba politika-

ze TviT demokratiis principebs ewina-

eleonor da franklinruzveltebi

Teodor ruzvelti(1858-1919)

1912 wels Tedi ruzveltma respublikuri partia gaxliCa da mesame politikuri Zala daaarsa – progresuli/progresistuli partia, ro-melsac, samwuxarod, didxans ar uarsebia.progresistebis programa marTlac saocrad mo-winave iyo imdroindeli msofliosTvis, kerZod: muSaTaTvis profkavSirebSi gaerTianebis ufle-ba; saarCevno kampaniebisTvis Tanxebis SezRudva; qalebisTvis saarCevno uflebis miniWeba; rvasaa-Tiani samuSao dRe; sawarmoebSi mkurnalobis xarjebis anazRaureba, janmrTelobis dazRveva; umuSevrobis dazRveva; bavSvTa da qalTa socia-luri dacva; emigrantebis ufleba, „amerikisagan SesaZleblobebis kuTvnili wili mieRoT“. Tedi ruzveltis saxels dRemde erTdroulad iCemeb-en amerikeli konservatorebi da liberalebi, me-marjveneebi da memarcxeneebi.

33

eleonor ruzvelti

aRmdegeba – „Cveni saxelmwifoebriobis um-Tavresi mizani am uxilavi mTavrobis mospo-ba, uzneo biznesisa da uzneo politikis ar-awminda kavSiris aRkveTaa“.

1905 wlis martSi, eleonoris da frank-lin delano ruzveltis jvriswerisas, Zmis-Svili (raki mama, elioti, cocxali ar iyo) sakurTxevelTan swored Tedi ruzveltma miiyvana da moswrebulad aRniSna: „kargia, rom gvari ojaxSi rCeba“. ojaxSi mxolod gvari ar darCenila. brwyinvale wyvilma, romelic piradi cxovrebis qartexilebis miuxedavad, mudam inarCunebda megobrul, partniorul grZnobas, saerTo naTesavisgan memkvidreobiT miiRo idealebi – xalxis, ad-amianis, moqalaqis msaxurebis movaleoba, misdami socialuri pasuxismgebloba.

franklin delano ruzvelti TeTr saxl-Si 1933 wels Sevida, umZimes dros, rodesac qveyana didi depresiis pikze imyofeboda, inflaciis, umuSevrobis, ganuxreli ekono-mikuri vardnis mdgomareobaSi, romelmac erTnairad daTrguna qveynis mdidari da Ra-ribi mosaxleoba. Semdegi 6 wlis ganmavlo-baSi, socialuri da finansuri reformebis, proeqtebisa da saxelmwifo regulaciebis

franklin delano ruzveltis RonisZie-bebs Soris iyo bunebis konservaciis samoqa-laqo korpusi (Civilian Conservation Corps) – umuSevari mamakacebis dasasaqmeblad Semu-Savebuli programa, romelic „or kurd-Rels erTad iWerda“ – asaqmebda adamianebs da bunebrivi resursebis movla-patronobis masStabebsac aasmagebda. eleonor ruz-veltma gaacnobiera, rom samoqalaqo gare-mosdacviTi korpusi ar iTvaliswinebda qa-lebis problemebs da amave programis farg-lebSi umuSevar qalTa banakebis (She-She-She Camps) gaxsnis iniciatori gaxda.

ruzveltis prezidentobis 12-wlian pe-riodSi eleonorma 300-ze meti preskonfe-rencia gamarTa TeTr saxlSi qali Jurna-listebisaTvis, romelTac informaciaze xelovnurad, angariSgauwevlobiTa da upa-tivcemulo damokidebulebiT uzRudavd-nen wvdomas mamakaci politikosebi.

wyalobiT, ruzveltis (romelsac kidev sami vadiT airCevs amerikeli xalxi) administra-ciam viTarebas TandaTanobiT misca is kala-poti, romelic 40-ian wlebSi qveyanas mTli-anad gamoiyvans am krizisidan. am axal poli-tikas NEW DEAL – axali garigeba, sakuTar xalxTan axali SeTanxmebis dadeba ewoda. eleonor ruzvelti, rogorc qali da ro-gorc liberalurad da socialurad moaz-rovne pirovneba, axal garigebas sakuTar ganzomilebas hmatebda.

34

qalebi

umuSevarTa protestididi depresiis dros

Civilian Conservation Corps-is saagitacio posteri

1936 wels eleonori, pirveli ledi, ro-melic Jurnalistis profesias xSirad iye-nebda sakuTari ideebisa Tu qmris politi-kis mxardsaWerad, Jurnalistebis profkav-Siris wevri gaxda da advili warmosadgenia, rogor gaabraza amerikeli amomrCevlis konservatiuli nawili.

rac yvelaze sainteresoa, frensis per-kinzs, romelic franklin ruzveltma Sro-mis sakiTxebSi mdivnad daniSna da amgvarad, igi prezidentis kabinetis pirveli wevri qa-li gaxda, eleonori didad arasdros swya-lobda. Tumca rodesac ruzveltis gardac-valebis Semdeg igi am Tanamdebobidan gadaa-yenes, eleonorma misi wasvla qalTa saqmi-saTvis did danaklisad gamoacxada, Tavis tradiciul sagazeTo svetSi ki dawera: „qa-li yovelTvis ukeT gauZRveba im saqmes, ro-melsac xeli mohkida, vidre mamakaci. dRes ministrTa kabinetSi qali aRar gvyavs, mag-ram momavalSi aucileblad gveyoleba“.

1939 wels qalTa organizaciam, saxelwo-debiT „amerikuli revoluciis Svilebi“, Ta-vis RonisZiebaSi monawileobaze uari uTxra cnobil Savkanian amerikel kontraltos – merion andersons. eleonor ruzveltma aRSfoTebis Semcveli depeSa ar akmara or-ganizatorebs. male andersoni TeTr saxlSi miiwvia, gansakuTrebuli stumrebis – ingli-sis mefisa da dedoflis winaSe gamosasvle-

35

eleonor ruzvelti dafrensis perkinzi (1880-1965)

eleonor ruzvelti

eleonor ruzvelti umuSevar qalTa banakSi

lad, Semdeg ki qalTa am organizacias wev-robis baraTi ukan daubruna. Tavis yovel-kvireul sagazeTo svetSi „Cemi dRe“ ki mili-onobiT amerikel mkiTxvels, romlis didi nawilisTvis rasobrivi segregacia jerac yoveldRiurobis nawili iyo, ganucxada: „wevrad darCena momdxarze Tanxmobis niSani iqneboda, amitom organizaciidan wamovedi“.

„sruliad aSkaraa, rom Cvenze dabla mdgar adamianebTan qristianulad ar viqce-viT, – werda eleonor ruzvelti Tavis erT-erT wignSi, – aq vxedavT, rom demokratiis warmatebisTvis iseTi religiac ki Zalian mniSvnelovania, romelic gvavaldebulebs, moyvasis keTildReobis saWiroebebisadmi Rrma interesiT vicxovroT. Cven, ra Tqma unda, erTgvar revolucias gavdivarT axla da gacilebiT did azrs vdebT xalxis, ro-gorc erTianobis, mimarT socialur pasu-xismgeblobaSi. bevris miRweva moxerxda im-iT, rom Cvenma mTavrobam socialur piro-bebTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari pasuxismgeb-loba aRiara. magram jer kidev aRiarebas mo-iTxovs zogi fundamenturi faqti. aSkara unda iyos, rom demokratiaSi yvela bavSvs unda mieces usafrTxoebis minimaluri standarti – Tanabari SesaZleblobebis mi-saRwevad, rac demokratiis saZirkvelia. es iseTi ekonomikuri donis miRwevas gulisx-mobs, romlis dabla arc erTi adamiani ar unda daeSvas – am donesa da cxovrebis mini-malur xarjs Soris mudam samarTlianad da stabilurad unda iqnes wonasworoba dacu-li“.

36

1940 wels ruzveltis administraciam did industriul qalaqebSi milionobiT dolaris Cadeba daiwyo, magaliTad, detro-itSi, samanqano mrewvelobaSi. Zalian male ki amerika meore msoflio omSi CaerTveba da prezidenti evropeli mokavSireebis daxma-rebis aucileblobaze daiwyebs saubars. mi-si TqmiT, amerikis industriulma Zalmosi-lebam Tavisufali samyaro unda daicvas. iz-olacionistebi mas did winaaRmdegobas uwe-ven, magram prezidenti antihitleruli koa-liciis daxmarebas materialurad da iara-RiT upirebs da am didi sawarmoo Zalisxme-vis talRa milionobiT amerikels asaqmebs. arsebiTad, es didi depresiis ufskrulidan amosasvleladac mZlavri nabiji gamodga.

eleonor ruzveltis wigni `Cemi dRe~

qalebi

eleonor ruzvelti da merion andersoni

erTianad, 40-ian wlebSi, 1.5 milioni „Savi“ amerikeli daiZra samxreTis Statebidan Crdilo-eTis industriuli centrebisaken. Tumca, did qalaqebSi Casulebs, samsaxurebSic ki, maT kvlav diskriminacia da meorexarisxovani adamianebis roli ergoT. eleonor ruzveltis xma qveynis samoqalaqo aqtivistebis protests SeuerTdeba: nuTu saxelmwifo, romelic nacizmis dasamar-cxeblad evropaSi asobiT aTas Savkanians agzavnis, sakuTar qveyanaSi maT fundamentur ufle-bebs ver daicavs? arc evropaSi, sasaklaoze gagzavnilebs daxvdaT ukeTesi garemo – „mSieri, ganrisxebuli axlagazrda Savi jariskaci viyavi. vgrZnobdi, rom Cemi qveyana miyenebda, Tan Seu-racxmyofda da meubneboda, „leon, Rirsi ar xar, is sikeTeebi Seirgo, risTvisac aq ibrZvi!“ (le-on basi, omis veterani). „ra xarisxis demokratia gvaqvs? – kiTxulobs eleonori am periodSi da-weril eseSi, – an Cvens ekonomikur sistemas yvela adamianis saWiroebas movargebT, an ukidure-sad gagviWirdeba brZola... hitlers missave TamaSSi ver davamarcxebT“. da yvela Tavis radio Tu telegamosvlaSi, wignebSi, romlebsac dawers, namdvili amerikis Rirebulebebs qomagobs, imas, ris dasamkvidreblad, swored ideidan da ara gvartomobrivi erTobis safuZvelze, Seiqmna es diadi qveyana; amerikel xalxTan axali garigebis sikeTeebs – uflebas sacxovrisze, ganaTle-baze, samuSaoze – yvela jgufi erTnairad unda imkides – miaCnda eleonors.

meore msoflio omis dros samxedro warmoebad gadakeTebuli detroitis samanqano warmoeba

leon basi

filip rendolfi TeTr saxlSi, linkolnis qandakebasTan

37

eleonor ruzvelti

amave dros eleonors vinme s.b. eligzan-derisgan, tenesis Statidan, aseTi Sinaar-sis werilic miuRia: „Cven, samxreTelebi, vicnobT zangebs; viciT, rogor vakontro-loT es xalxi. ar gvZuls eseni. ise veqceviT, rogorc yvelgan eqcevian, sanam TavianTi adgili ician, magram yovelTvis unda gvax-

1940 wels amerikelma Savkanianma aqti-vistebma, filip rendolfis meTaurobiT, aTasobiT Savkaniani demonstranti miiyvanes TeTr saxlTan mas Semdeg, rac prezidentma ruzveltma uaryo maTi moTxovna, ukanonod gamocxadebuliyo kanis feriT diskrimina-cia Tavdacvis sferoSi samuSaoze miRebisas. maSin eleonorma mTel qveyanaSi daiwyo mog-zauroba Savkanian aqtivistebTan gasacno-bad da maTi ndobac moipova. maT dayolieba-sac Seecada qmris interesebis sasargeblod (cnobili iyo, rom vaSingtonSi 100 000-iani manifestaciis mowyoba da sxva amnairi Ro-nisZiebebi mzaddeboda), magram ukan dabru-nebulma erTaderTi is informacia Cautana frankln ruzvelts, rom mxolod antidis-kriminaciuli kanoni aaridebda qveyanas ar-eulobas. prezidentis brZaneba 8802 (qveynis Tavdacvis warmoebaSi rasobrivi diskrimi-naciis ukanonod gamocxadebis Sesaxeb) iyo precedenti, romelsac qveynis Semdegdro-indeli antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi dae-fuZna. „marSis saWiroebas veRar vxedavT“, miiRo eleonorma rendolfisgan samadlo-beli telegrama. sam weliwadSi sawarmoo Za-la Savkaniani moqalaqeebis xarjze eqvsi procentiT gaizarda, Savkanianebs pirvelad gaexsnaT gza maRalanazRaurebadi samuSa-osken.

1943 wlis quCis Setakebebi detroitSi

filip rendolfi da eleonor ruzvelti

franlkin ruzveltis mier xelmowerili #8802 brZaneba

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qalebi

eleonor ruzvelti da prezidenti hari trumenifranklin ruzveltis saflavTan

prezidentebi hari trumeni dafranklin ruzvelti

sovdes, rom arseboben meorexarisxovani, mdabali adamianebi, iseve, rogorc arian mdabali cxovelebi. Tqvenc iciT – arsebo-ben jiSiani ZaRlebi, jiSiani pirutyvi, ji-Siani Rori da a.S.“

detroitSi rasobriv niadagze dapirspi-reba ufro da ufro mZimdeboda. 1943 wels qalaqSi quCis Setakebebi daiwyo. policiisa Tu brbos sisastikem eleonors Tavzari dasca. „guli mtkiva, – werda igi. – radgan Cvenma xalxma Cveni Tavi nacistebs gauTanab-ra.“ – Semdeg ki – „mSvidobiani samyarosTvis mzadeba ver daiwyeba, Tu gonebas ar gavixs-niT, samarTlis saqmnelad Cvens qveyanaSi gambedaobas ar gamoviCenT, maSinac ki, Tu es Cveni tradiciuli azrovnebis Secvlis, zo-gi CvenganisTvis ki materialur intereseb-ze uaris Tqmis tolfasi iqneba“. pirad saub-rebSi ki nacnobebisaTvis eleonors uTq-vams, rom es saTqmelis is maqsimumi iyo, rac franklins misaRebad miaCnda, radgan omTan dakavSirebul kanonebSi samxreTeli kong-resmenebis mxardaWera esaWiroeboda.

1945 wlis 12 aprils franklin delano ruzvelti gardaicvala. qveyanam didi pati-viT dakrZala erTaderTi prezidenti, rome-

lic meoTxe vadiT darCa TeTr saxlSi. el-eonors misi gardacvalebis ambis gagebisas uTqvams: „Cems Tavze metad me Cvens qveyanas TanavugrZnob“. axla prezidenti hari tru-meni iyo, romelmac winamorbedis pativsac-emad ocdaaTi dRiT dauSva qveynis droSa TeTr saxlze, romelic manamde uxmaurod da mokrZalebulad datova eleonor ruz-veltma. Jurnalistebs interviuze uari uTxra: „is ambavi dasrulda“. mogvianebiT werda (arc franklinis arCevisas yofila aRfrTovanebuli sajaro cxovrebis pers-

39

eleonor ruzvelti

eleonori SedarebiT mSvidi cxovrebis dawyebas apirebda, magram TeTri saxlidan wasvlis momentSi, prezident ruzveltis me-uRlis rolisagan damoukideblad, ukve Zalze gavleniani politikuri figura iyo. eleonors moswonda prezidenti trumeni. maT miwer-moweraSi Cans, rom igi gakvirvebu-li iyo, Tu ra cota ram icoda Turme tru-menma sagareo politikaze, magram kritikis magier, misi daxmareba surda. axalma prezi-dentma icoda, rom Tu ruzveltis saqmis gamgrZeleblis saxels eZebda (man ki marT-lac gamoacxada Tavi misi politikis gamgr-Zeleblad), maSin eleonor ruzvelts advi-lad ar unda Seleoda, amitom dauyovnebliv daiTxova Tavisi mTavari TanaSemwe – edi mak-kimi, romelsac eleonoris rolis daknine-bis mcdeloba Seatyo: makkimma gankarguleba gasca, yofili pirveli ledisaTvis dagvia-nebiT gamogzavnili samZimris werilebisT-vis aRar epasuxaT. Tavad ki siamovnebiT da interesiT agrZelebda eleonor ruzvelt-Tan miwer-moweras da yuradRebiT ecnoboda mis gamocdilebas, romelic eleonors samo-qalaqo uflebebis damcvelis sarbielze, diplomatiuri da saerTaSoriso humanita-ruli misiebis aRsrulebisas dagroveboda. Zalian male yofili pirveli ledi im samSvi-dobo organizaciis yoveldRiur muSaobaSi CarTo, romlis Seqmnac ruzveltebs meore

msoflio omis dros surdaT. iaponiis qa-laqebSi atomuri bombebis afeTqebis

Semdeg eleonor ruzvelti werda: kacobriobam unda iswavlos sa-

erTaSoriso konfliqte-bis mSvidobianad mog-

peqtiviT, amaSi Tavisi pirovnuli ganviTa-rebisaTvis safrTxes xedavda): „adre iseTi gancda mqonda, TiTqos sadRac, Cems gareT, prezidentis colis figura myavda „aRmar-Tuli“... axla Cemsave TavSi davikarge“.

eleonor ruzvelti da rene kaseni

Carlz maliki

40

qalebi

vareba an unda Seeguos azrs, rom erTxelac veRar gaiRviZebs. imave 1945 wels trumenma mas ax-alSeqmnil gaeroSi aSS-is delegatoba SesTavaza. konservatiuli Zalebi ewinaaRmdegebodnen eleonorisaTvis – liberalis, qalis, SavkanianTa da seqsualur umciresobaTa qomagisaTvis as-eTi mniSvnelovani rolis miniWebas, magram 1948 wels is am organizaciaSi ukve adamianis uflebe-bis sayovelTao deklaraciis miRebas Tavmjdomareobda. deklaraciis teqstze kanadeli iuris-ti da mecnieri jon hemfri, frangi iuristi rene kaseni, libaneli filosofosi maliki da ramde-nime rusi diplomati muSaobdnen. eleonori maT samuSao process warmarTavda da formulire-bebs amartivebda. rogorc erT-erTi avtori wers, mas is Tvisebebi hqonda, romelTa erToblio-ba gacilebiT ukeTes muSakad aqcevda, vidre masze safuZvliani akademiuri ganaTlebis mqone komisiis wevrebs. aqve imis damatebac ar iqneba zedmeti, rom eleonori mudam sakuTari moralu-ri principebisamebr cdilobda samuSao procesis warmarTvas.

1959 wels gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom eleonor ruzvelti msoflios yvelaze aRiarebul da say-varel qalebs Soris pirvel adgilze iyo. mas asaxelebdnen XX saukunis yvelaze gavlenian ada-mianebs Soris. prezidentma trumenma franklin ruzveltis gardacvalebis Semdeg mas „mTeli msoflios pirveli ledi“ uwoda.

***

frenk sinatras misTvis ukiTxavs, erTi sityvis datoveba rom SegZlebodaT samyarosTvis, ra iqneboda es sityvao, „imedi, – sakmaod moulodnelad upasuxia ruzvelts, – Cvens samyaroSi yve-laze daviwyebuli sityva“. albaT – adamianis imedi, icxovros ufro dacul, ufro Rirseul da adamianur msoflioSi da mudam hqondes am winsvlis imedi. eleonor ruzvelti adamianebis msa-xuri iyo bednierebisa da Rirsebisaken maT marad swrafvaSi.

eleonoris danatovars Sorisaa 555 statia, 27 wigni da 8000 sagazeTo sveti – 1935-dan 1962 wlamde, anu mTeli darCenili cxovreba eleonori sxvadasxva gazeTSi TiTqmis yoveldRe werda svets „Cemi dRe“. manamde arcerT pirvel ledis ar gamouyenebia msgavsi xerxi sakuTari ideale-bis warmosaCenad. eleonors ki, safiqrebelia, ideebi, Sefasebebi, nafiqralic sxvebze gacile-biT meti hqonda da Tan ruzveltis „axali garigebis“ arsic xom es iyo – axali, axleburi xaris-xis urTierToba moqalaqeebTan.

frenk sinatrasTan erTad

41

eleonor ruzvelti