IMPRINT

FORSCHUNGSFORUM provides information on selected projects within a bmvit program focusing on “Sustainable Development”. Published by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit), Division for Energy and Environment Technologies; Director: Dipl.Ing. M. Paula; Renngasse 5, A-1010 Vienna. Photos and diagrams: Salzburg AG. Edited by: Projektfabrik Waldhör KG, A-1180 Wien, Währinger Straße 121/3. Layout: Wolfgang Bledl. Printed by: AV+Astoria Druckzentrum GmbH, A-1030 Wien, Faradaygasse 6.

P.b.b. Erscheinungsort Wien, Verlagspostamt A-1010 Wien.

3

3

http://wwwFORSCHUNGSFORUM on the Internet:www.NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

in German and English

FI

GU

RE

S/

DA

TA

/F

AC

TS

FORSCHUNGSFORUM is published at least four times a year and is available for free on this website.

for the future. Integrated planningmakes it possible to exploit synergiesand to coordinate plans to expand or contract individual sectors better. Integrated planning is intended to linkup the various fields of activity, fromclimate and energy policy via strategicnetwork expansion planning rightthrough to operating and maintainingequipment.

The program is being implemented on three levels. First, new (tentative)customer-oriented solutions for currentheadaches in real grid sectors are triedout in practice. Next, the findings fromthe various subprojects in the showcaseregion are to be amalgamated. Syner-gies, dependences and reciprocal re-lationships can be revealed when indi-vidual effects are overlapped; theyshould be viewed in terms of horizontaland vertical integration (see diagrambelow). Finally, it is intended to set uplighthouse facilities to demonstrate theintegrated approach visibly and com-prehensibly.

■ Salzburg has based its overall pro-gram for smart infrastructure on anumber of preliminary scientific studiesin which the physical foundations, thetechnical feasibility and the economicand ecological impacts of smart gridswere analysed. The program encompas-ses a wide range of new activities, to beimplemented within the framework of”Neue Energien 2020“, the AustrianClimate and Energy Fund’s third call forproposals. Here Salzburg AG is colla-borating with an interdisciplinary teamof scientists and partners in industry.

Salzburg AG, the energy supplier forthe province of Salzburg, is a multi-utility firm covering the fields of electri-city supply, natural gas, district heating,water, telecommunications and trans-port. The vision of smart infrastructurefor the showcase region of Salzburgrequires convenient, intelligent, re-source-conserving and integrated infra-structure, i.e. all subsystems, technolo-gies and domains are integrated into acomprehensive system. The programlinks together and clusters all aspectsthat contribute to providing the energyservice in demand. Alongside the tech-nical issues, this approach includes theprocess of reaching decisions, planning,streamlining operation, defining theframework for action, asset manage-ment and analysing consumer beha-viour. Here benefits to customers, anddesigning and managing the customerinterfaces, are regarded as vital assets

PROJECT PARTNERS

Contact Salzburg AGDI Mag. Michael Strebl (Head of Grid Infrastructure)michael.strebl@salzburgnetz.atDI Thomas Rieder MBA (Head of Electrical Grids)thomas.rieder@salzburgnetz.atwww.salzburg-ag.at

Involved as partnersSiemens ÖsterreichSalzburg WohnbauAustrian Institut of Technology (AIT)Fichtner IT ConsultingEnergy Economics Group at the Vienna University of TechnologyInstitute for Computer Technology at the Vienna Vienna University of TechnologyCenter for Usability Research & Engineering(CURE)

INFORMATIONPUBLICATIONS

Final reports on the projects have been pub-lished by bmvit (in German) in the series ”Berichte aus Energie- und Umweltforschung“.

These reports can be downloaded fromwww.NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

MORE MODULES TO TURN SALZBURG INTO A SHOWCASE REGION

HEAT

COMMUNICATION

FORSCHUNGSFORUM2/2010

SMART GRIDS SHOWCASE REGION: SALZBURG

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SALZBURG

Implementing the various lines of development is intended toachieve the following results:■ Convenient, flexible, efficient

infrastructure matched to customer interests

■ Large-scale use of renewablesources of energy

■ Reduced peak loads■ Accumulating solid field expe-

rience, resulting in leadership ininnovation for Austria and thusimproved export opportunities

■ Reduced CO2 emissions and resource consumption

The core team in the project initia-tive is coordinated by Salzburg AG;it also includes the research institu-tes of Vienna Engineering Univer-sity, plus the Energy EconomicsGroup and the Institute of Compu-ter Technology, the Austrian Insti-tute of Technology and CURE (the Center for Usability Research & Engineering), with Siemens, Salzburg Wohnbau and Fichtner as partners from industry. Withtheir excellent connexions withinthe Austrian research network,Salzburg AG utilize a variety ofplatforms for cooperation andexchanging know-how: these in-clude national platforms such asSmart Grids Austria, for technology,or eConnected, and internationalcooperative link-ups such as SmartGrids D-A-CH, the multilateral European program network ERA-Net Smart Grids, and the Inter-national Energy Agency’s ResearchAgreement.

S T R A T E G Y

SMART HEAT NETWORKS

Until now smart-grids have been ana-lysed and developed mainly in con-nexion with electrical grids. This projectis intended to evaluate the potential ofthis approach for large and small-scaledistrict heating grids as exemplified inthe showcase region of Salzburg. To reduce peak loads, an intelligentgrid management system for large-scale district heating grids will be developed, using a selected small-scaledistrict heating grid operated by Salzburg AG in the province of Salz-burg as a test case. Various operatingand control strategies can be tested

by means of hydraulic and thermo-dynamic grid simulation tools, so as tonarrow down the choice of measuresthat may help to improve ecologicaland economic performance. The nextstep will be to evaluate how well thesestrategies can be applied to the districtheating grid in the city of Salzburg. As output, guidelines for implementingoptimized operating strategies will be developed, approaches that make economic and ecological sense workedout and the simulation results verifiedpoint by point.

SMARTSYNERGY – POTENTIAL FOR ICT SYNERGIES

For smart-grid and electric-poweredmobility applications many differentforms of data and information must be collected over a wide area and distributed to the right addresses. Every single application involves itsown special technical requirements,e.g. as regards the volume of data,real-time capability, data security, etc.These requirements have a consider-able effect on the details technicalimplementation and thus on the cost of the requisite ICT infrastructure. TheSmart Synergy project is concerned

with working out ways of installing the ICT infrastructure for several appli-cations cost-effectively and utilizing itfor synergies, and with validating thepotential actually available for syner-gies. The ICT requirements of thesmart-grid and electric-powered mobi-lity applications will be derived fromthe results of projects which SalzburgAG have completed or are now carry-ing out in various areas of relevance(geographical distribution, and quali-tative and quantitative technical re-quirements). The next step will be to

aggregate the various requirementsand compare them with the existingtelecommunications infrastructure inthe showcase region. Then the poten-tial for synergies between individualapplications, and the extent to whichthe existing ICT infrastructure can be used, will be evaluated. The aim isto derive strategies for the expansionof ICT infrastructure needed in theshowcase region of Salzburg.

VISION

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATIONall sources of energy and infrastructure elements –

integrated approach

Pow

er g

ener

atio

n

VERTICAL INTEGRATIONall levels of decision and action

Tran

spor

t

Dis

trib

utio

n

Cons

umpt

ion

tech

nolo

gies

Human needs

Equipment levelasset management

OperationExpansion & conversion

Energypolicy

Source: Salzburg AG

Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology

THE SALZBURG APPROACH – AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM

POWERGRIDS

MOBILITY

PEOPLEBUILDINGS

MODULES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SHOWCASE REGION OF SALZBURG

The issue of reliable, efficient energy

supply to provide services and products

(both essential and convenient) is critical

for a sustainable economy.

The aim of the BMVIT subprogram

”Energy Systems of Tomorrow“ is to

develop technologies and strategies for

an efficient, flexible energy supply system

based on exploiting renewable sources

of energy and capable of meeting our

energy needs indefinitely.

Deploying a wide range of technology-

related modules and concomitant

activities is intended to provide impetus

to this sector, and thus open up new

opportunities for Austrian business.

dustry’s management and monitoringsystems. Going further, implementingsmart grids means extensively restruc-turing the electricity supply system,which will affect each and every stake-holder. In this sense smart grids are aprerequisite for the politically manda-ted strategy of making more use ofrenewable energy. For Austria the issueis not whether, but on what scale, howrapidly and with what priorities smartgrids can and should be implementedin showcase regions. Identifying marketsegments, and developing businessmodels that can be put into commercialpractice within a narrow time frame,play a key part here. New servicesbased on energy and instrumentation

technology and designed to make theuse of energy and material more effi-cient provide starting-points for this.Where local suppliers feed a fair amount of power in at varying rates,smart grids can help with operating astable, reliable network, e.g. if demandis adjusted to match the supply of re-newables and the network capacityavailable. Innovative mobility servicesare already laying the foundation forexpanding electric-powered mobility infuture. Rapid development of smartgrids and electric-powered mobilityprovides an opportunity for Austrianfirms to occupy related market niches.Obviously of interest here: environ-mental and efficiency technologies,automation engineering, instrumen-tation, sensor technology and linkingreal-world and ICT applicationstogether: “Internet of Things”.

A report published by The ClimateGroup (”Smart 2020“) estimates that,worldwide, smart technologies willdeliver around 600 billion Euro of costsavings and around 7.8 billion t of CO2

emission savings in 2020. The Britishgovernment’s Stern Review estimatedemployment in the low-carbon energysector at around 25 million worldwidefor 2050; the Rocky Mountain Instituteanticipated emission reduction provi-ding around 3.2 million new jobs in theUSA for 2020. While a comparison withAustria is not easy, because the initialsituations in the various countries differso much, all authors reach the samegeneral conclusion, that the potentialfor cost savings and employment isconsiderable; this has indicative signi-ficance for Austria, too. In their brochure “Internet of Energy” the BDI –Federation of German Industries – anticipate massive market penetrationby smart grids and electric-poweredmobility by 2020. Meanwhile numerousstakeholders and authors are takingthis road map seriously. At the sametime there is strong competition forleadership in innovation; in particular,the topics ”electric-powered mobility“and ”smart metering“ are currentlyattracting keen interest, with China and the USA each investing more than7 billion US dollars in these areas. Given this worldwide competition andthe pace of developments, it is essentialto form effective alliances and to focusall the resources available.

The showcase region of Salzburg hasexcellent links both within Austria andabroad. It can pioneer the way forother parts of Austria, and speed upthe development of smart grids and theassociated market segments in Austria.With the know-how on hand, a strongposition in renewable sources ofenergy, an infrastructure already ingood shape, high standards of energyand resource efficiency, and innovativefirms, Austria is in excellent shape tostart with.

■ Austria’s energy and environmentalpolicy targets include reducing CO2

emissions by 16% and increasing theshare of gross end-use energy consump-tion accounted for by renewable sources to 34% by 2020. By that daterenewable sources should cover 10% ofconsumption in the transport sector. In the case of buildings no materials orgases at all relevant to global warmingshould be emitted by 2050. The deve-lopment of smart grids in the enginee-ring sense involves automating energysupply infrastructure to a greater extent: this applies particularly to thedistribution networks and to integra-ting end users’ energy-consumingequipment into the energy supply in-

■ The research, development and demonstration projects for the ”SmartGrids Showcase Region Salzburg“ aremainly focussed on the topics activedistribution grids, new technologiesand intelligent strategic approaches(e.g. in district heating), electric-powe-

Smart grids are designed to accomo-date both conventional large-scalepower plants and a variety of decentra-lized suppliers using renewable sourcesof energy, especially small-scale hydro-power, but also wind power, photovol-taics and biomass. To take full advan-tage of such decentralized suppliers,distribution grids need new and im-proved control and optimization philo-sophies. In individual sections of thegrid, e.g. in Lungau (part of the pro-vince of Salzburg), bottlenecks arealready developing today as decentra-lized suppliers feed more power in. The two projects ZUQDE (central vol-tage(U) and power factor(Q) controlwith local feeds in) and DG Demo-Network Validation (an AIT ”AustrianInstitute of Technology“ project, withSalzburg Netz GmbH as project part-ner) implement a centralized and aregional approach to intelligent controlof a medium-voltage grid, respectively;these are tested in practice and theresults compared. A further step will bea project to develop approaches tosmart-grid system integration in low-voltage grids.

In the ZUQDE project the existing gridmanagement system being enhancedwith new online applications. Centralcontrol of voltage and power factor isto be implemented in two phases: in open-loop mode the operators checkthe setpoints worked out by the vol-tage and power factor control systemfor plausibility, before passing them tothe controllers by hand, in closed-loop

Smart Grids connect people and tech-nology together intelligently. Two pro-jects investigate the role of consumersas active participants (”Human in theLoop“) and that of buildings as active,load-optimizing components in an intelligent energy system. The mainaims are to find out how informationfor consumers should be presented(energy feedback) and what technolo-gies can be employed in buildings topermit consumers to play an active partin an intelligent energy system andmake the most efficient use of energy.In addition, the potential and benefitsof smart metering are to be analysed.

Consumer2Grids analyses the role andbehaviour of electricity consumers as active participants in a smart-grid environment. Various methods of feed-back (established and experimental),combined with smart metering, providethe basis for this project, which is in-tended to identify practical ways of

encouraging consumers to use energymore efficiently without any loss inconvenience.

Building2Grids has as its starting-pointbuildings involving a substantial elec-trical load that have until now beenmanaged so as to achieve an optimumfrom the perspective of the building inquestion (regardless of the current stateof the power supply system). Here theaim is to take advantage of degrees offreedom that were previously unused inthese buildings (such as retiming loads,load shedding or turndown), so as tooptimize grid functioning. For instance,a building’s thermal inertia can be uti-lized by cooling the building in advancewhen the grid is not operating at capa-city, so that less power is needed attimes of peak demand (e.g. at midday,when all air-conditioning systems arerunning). In this way, with the aid ofintelligent, communicative buildingcontrol systems, buildings are tied into

SMART GRIDS – AIMS AND POTENTIAL

the smart grid interactively and gridoptimization coupled to buildingoptimization. In actual fact selectedbuildings are concentrated into aload aggregate by means of buil-ding control systems and coopera-tive telecontrol. Load models to bedeveloped for these load aggre-gates’ specific local characteristicsare intended to make it possible toanticipate future needs for controlpurposes, and to exploit potentialthat has been ignored until now.Results expected from this projectinclude: generic load models, atested and verified IT representa-tion of the buildings compatiblewith smart grids, and well-foundedstatements (backed up by experi-ments) about the potential andusefulness of ”active“ buildings in a smart grid.

T O P I C P R O J E C T S

CONSUMER2GRID AND BUILDING2GRID – LOAD AND DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT

As more electric-powered vehicles come into use, there will be considera-ble opportunities to improve energyefficiency and reduce CO2 emissions inthe transport sector. Electric-poweredmobility involves tough challenges forgrid operators, but also opens up newperspectives. If a large number of elec-tric-powered vehicles are simply connec-ted to the grid and recharged withoutany form of coordination, this can leadto more extreme spikes in demand andto excessive grid loading. Smart-gridtechnologies could be employed formanaging charging (by retiming loads)and to use the batteries for storage(with reverse flow to the grid), though,which would open up new optimizationoptions. Here the aim is to integrateelectric-powered mobility into the over-all system intelligently and in a grid-oriented way, while accommodatingmobility customers’ future requirementsand making the best possible use of theexisting grid infrastructure. Startingfrom the experience gained in SalzburgAG’s ElectroDrive program (which

began providing complete electric-powered mobility packages in April2009), the project Vehicle to Grid (V2G)Interfaces is to develop interactive portals for electric-powered mobilitycustomers in the showcase region ofSalzburg. Here the first step is to iden-tify the data flows required and suitablebusiness models within Salzburg AG.The communications systems already inuse will be enhanced by means of newfacilities (e.g. for administering andcharging for energy services for electric-powered mobility customers). Togetherwith the ElectroDrive program an im-plementation plan will be drawn up, to form the basis for a demonstrationproject planned in the showcase regionof Salzburg. In the study Studie Vehicleto Grid (V2G) Strategies, to be carriedout by the Institute for Electrical Equip-ment and Power Management atVienna Engineering University and bySalzburg Netz GmbH, technological,economic and ecological consequencesof massive penetration of the Austrianelectricity system by electric-powered

mobility (up to 2050) are to beinvestigated and strategies for actively integrating it in the griddeveloped. The following outputsare anticipated: ■ Scenarios for developing electric-

powered mobility in selectedurban (Salzburg) and rural regions (Salzburg, Vorarlberg,Upper Austria) and throughoutAustria up to 2050

■ Customized strategies for charging and decharging, takingpatterns of mobility, the gridcharacteristics of the charginginfrastructure provided and themix of generating sources intoaccount

■ Technology impact assessmentsfor urban and rural distributiongrids, employing new strategiesof active integration in grids for G2V (Grid to Vehicle) andV2G (Vehicle to Grid)

■ Cost/benefit analysis of severaldifferent nationwide businessmodels

V2G (VEHICLE TO GRID) STRATEGIES AND INTERFACES

Converting private transportto electric power

Electric-poweredmobility

Small-scalecogeneration plant

Load managementStorage service

Metering service

Biomass

Geothermal energy

Biogas

Wind power

Solar heat

Photovoltaics

SMARTGRIDS

Reduction inCO2 emission

MobilityserviceEnergy service

Prerequisite forIntegrating renewablesources of energy

Driver forEnergy efficiencyat end users’ level

Prerequisite forElectric-powered mobility

Benefits of smart grids

red mobility and load and demand-sidemanagement. The results can be trans-ferred to other showcase regions, andare synergetically coordinated withinternational activities in the smart-gridcontext. Scientific exchange with the D-A-CH countries is particularly close.

mode the setpoints are passed to thecontrollers by the grid managementsystem directly, making fully automa-ted operation possible. Implementingthis intelligent centralized controlsetup for local suppliers makes it pos-sible to take full advantage of sparecapacity in the existing grid infrastruc-ture, and thus for the grid to accommo-date additional local suppliers moreeasily.

The approaches to voltage controldeveloped in the two projects ”DG Demo-Network“ and BAVIS (cf. FF 5/2006) are to be implementedfor real in selected sections of the gridin Vorarlberg und Salzburg, within theframework of DG Demo-Network Validation; the approaches in questionwill thus be subjected to a field test.The main aim of the project is to makeit possible to integrate the maximumdensity of local suppliers using renew-able sources of energy in the powerdistribution grid, without power linesneeding to be made thicker. And withthe new approaches to voltage controlin use local power suppliers can, apartfrom generating electricity, providegrid services in the field of voltagestability that had been left to largepower stations up till now.

ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION GRIDS IN MEDIUM AND LOW-VOLTAGE GRIDS

Sou

rce:

Sal

zbu

rg A

G

IMPRINT

FORSCHUNGSFORUM provides information on selected projects within a bmvit program focusing on “Sustainable Development”. Published by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit), Division for Energy and Environment Technologies; Director: Dipl.Ing. M. Paula; Renngasse 5, A-1010 Vienna. Photos and diagrams: Salzburg AG. Edited by: Projektfabrik Waldhör KG, A-1180 Wien, Währinger Straße 121/3. Layout: Wolfgang Bledl. Printed by: AV+Astoria Druckzentrum GmbH, A-1030 Wien, Faradaygasse 6.

P.b.b. Erscheinungsort Wien, Verlagspostamt A-1010 Wien.

3

3

http://wwwFORSCHUNGSFORUM on the Internet:www.NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

in German and English

FI

GU

RE

S/

DA

TA

/F

AC

TS

FORSCHUNGSFORUM is published at least four times a year and is available for free on this website.

for the future. Integrated planningmakes it possible to exploit synergiesand to coordinate plans to expand or contract individual sectors better. Integrated planning is intended to linkup the various fields of activity, fromclimate and energy policy via strategicnetwork expansion planning rightthrough to operating and maintainingequipment.

The program is being implemented on three levels. First, new (tentative)customer-oriented solutions for currentheadaches in real grid sectors are triedout in practice. Next, the findings fromthe various subprojects in the showcaseregion are to be amalgamated. Syner-gies, dependences and reciprocal re-lationships can be revealed when indi-vidual effects are overlapped; theyshould be viewed in terms of horizontaland vertical integration (see diagrambelow). Finally, it is intended to set uplighthouse facilities to demonstrate theintegrated approach visibly and com-prehensibly.

■ Salzburg has based its overall pro-gram for smart infrastructure on anumber of preliminary scientific studiesin which the physical foundations, thetechnical feasibility and the economicand ecological impacts of smart gridswere analysed. The program encompas-ses a wide range of new activities, to beimplemented within the framework of”Neue Energien 2020“, the AustrianClimate and Energy Fund’s third call forproposals. Here Salzburg AG is colla-borating with an interdisciplinary teamof scientists and partners in industry.

Salzburg AG, the energy supplier forthe province of Salzburg, is a multi-utility firm covering the fields of electri-city supply, natural gas, district heating,water, telecommunications and trans-port. The vision of smart infrastructurefor the showcase region of Salzburgrequires convenient, intelligent, re-source-conserving and integrated infra-structure, i.e. all subsystems, technolo-gies and domains are integrated into acomprehensive system. The programlinks together and clusters all aspectsthat contribute to providing the energyservice in demand. Alongside the tech-nical issues, this approach includes theprocess of reaching decisions, planning,streamlining operation, defining theframework for action, asset manage-ment and analysing consumer beha-viour. Here benefits to customers, anddesigning and managing the customerinterfaces, are regarded as vital assets

PROJECT PARTNERS

Contact Salzburg AGDI Mag. Michael Strebl (Head of Grid Infrastructure)michael.strebl@salzburgnetz.atDI Thomas Rieder MBA (Head of Electrical Grids)thomas.rieder@salzburgnetz.atwww.salzburg-ag.at

Involved as partnersSiemens ÖsterreichSalzburg WohnbauAustrian Institut of Technology (AIT)Fichtner IT ConsultingEnergy Economics Group at the Vienna University of TechnologyInstitute for Computer Technology at the Vienna Vienna University of TechnologyCenter for Usability Research & Engineering(CURE)

INFORMATIONPUBLICATIONS

Final reports on the projects have been pub-lished by bmvit (in German) in the series ”Berichte aus Energie- und Umweltforschung“.

These reports can be downloaded fromwww.NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

MORE MODULES TO TURN SALZBURG INTO A SHOWCASE REGION

HEAT

COMMUNICATION

FORSCHUNGSFORUM2/2010

SMART GRIDS SHOWCASE REGION: SALZBURG

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SALZBURG

Implementing the various lines of development is intended toachieve the following results:■ Convenient, flexible, efficient

infrastructure matched to customer interests

■ Large-scale use of renewablesources of energy

■ Reduced peak loads■ Accumulating solid field expe-

rience, resulting in leadership ininnovation for Austria and thusimproved export opportunities

■ Reduced CO2 emissions and resource consumption

The core team in the project initia-tive is coordinated by Salzburg AG;it also includes the research institu-tes of Vienna Engineering Univer-sity, plus the Energy EconomicsGroup and the Institute of Compu-ter Technology, the Austrian Insti-tute of Technology and CURE (the Center for Usability Research & Engineering), with Siemens, Salzburg Wohnbau and Fichtner as partners from industry. Withtheir excellent connexions withinthe Austrian research network,Salzburg AG utilize a variety ofplatforms for cooperation andexchanging know-how: these in-clude national platforms such asSmart Grids Austria, for technology,or eConnected, and internationalcooperative link-ups such as SmartGrids D-A-CH, the multilateral European program network ERA-Net Smart Grids, and the Inter-national Energy Agency’s ResearchAgreement.

S T R A T E G Y

SMART HEAT NETWORKS

Until now smart-grids have been ana-lysed and developed mainly in con-nexion with electrical grids. This projectis intended to evaluate the potential ofthis approach for large and small-scaledistrict heating grids as exemplified inthe showcase region of Salzburg. To reduce peak loads, an intelligentgrid management system for large-scale district heating grids will be developed, using a selected small-scaledistrict heating grid operated by Salzburg AG in the province of Salz-burg as a test case. Various operatingand control strategies can be tested

by means of hydraulic and thermo-dynamic grid simulation tools, so as tonarrow down the choice of measuresthat may help to improve ecologicaland economic performance. The nextstep will be to evaluate how well thesestrategies can be applied to the districtheating grid in the city of Salzburg. As output, guidelines for implementingoptimized operating strategies will be developed, approaches that make economic and ecological sense workedout and the simulation results verifiedpoint by point.

SMARTSYNERGY – POTENTIAL FOR ICT SYNERGIES

For smart-grid and electric-poweredmobility applications many differentforms of data and information must be collected over a wide area and distributed to the right addresses. Every single application involves itsown special technical requirements,e.g. as regards the volume of data,real-time capability, data security, etc.These requirements have a consider-able effect on the details technicalimplementation and thus on the cost of the requisite ICT infrastructure. TheSmart Synergy project is concerned

with working out ways of installing the ICT infrastructure for several appli-cations cost-effectively and utilizing itfor synergies, and with validating thepotential actually available for syner-gies. The ICT requirements of thesmart-grid and electric-powered mobi-lity applications will be derived fromthe results of projects which SalzburgAG have completed or are now carry-ing out in various areas of relevance(geographical distribution, and quali-tative and quantitative technical re-quirements). The next step will be to

aggregate the various requirementsand compare them with the existingtelecommunications infrastructure inthe showcase region. Then the poten-tial for synergies between individualapplications, and the extent to whichthe existing ICT infrastructure can be used, will be evaluated. The aim isto derive strategies for the expansionof ICT infrastructure needed in theshowcase region of Salzburg.

VISION

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATIONall sources of energy and infrastructure elements –

integrated approach

Pow

er g

ener

atio

n

VERTICAL INTEGRATIONall levels of decision and action

Tran

spor

t

Dis

trib

utio

n

Cons

umpt

ion

tech

nolo

gies

Human needs

Equipment levelasset management

OperationExpansion & conversion

Energypolicy

Source: Salzburg AG

Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology

THE SALZBURG APPROACH – AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM

POWERGRIDS

MOBILITY

PEOPLEBUILDINGS

MODULES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SHOWCASE REGION OF SALZBURG

The issue of reliable, efficient energy

supply to provide services and products

(both essential and convenient) is critical

for a sustainable economy.

The aim of the BMVIT subprogram

”Energy Systems of Tomorrow“ is to

develop technologies and strategies for

an efficient, flexible energy supply system

based on exploiting renewable sources

of energy and capable of meeting our

energy needs indefinitely.

Deploying a wide range of technology-

related modules and concomitant

activities is intended to provide impetus

to this sector, and thus open up new

opportunities for Austrian business.

dustry’s management and monitoringsystems. Going further, implementingsmart grids means extensively restruc-turing the electricity supply system,which will affect each and every stake-holder. In this sense smart grids are aprerequisite for the politically manda-ted strategy of making more use ofrenewable energy. For Austria the issueis not whether, but on what scale, howrapidly and with what priorities smartgrids can and should be implementedin showcase regions. Identifying marketsegments, and developing businessmodels that can be put into commercialpractice within a narrow time frame,play a key part here. New servicesbased on energy and instrumentation

technology and designed to make theuse of energy and material more effi-cient provide starting-points for this.Where local suppliers feed a fair amount of power in at varying rates,smart grids can help with operating astable, reliable network, e.g. if demandis adjusted to match the supply of re-newables and the network capacityavailable. Innovative mobility servicesare already laying the foundation forexpanding electric-powered mobility infuture. Rapid development of smartgrids and electric-powered mobilityprovides an opportunity for Austrianfirms to occupy related market niches.Obviously of interest here: environ-mental and efficiency technologies,automation engineering, instrumen-tation, sensor technology and linkingreal-world and ICT applicationstogether: “Internet of Things”.

A report published by The ClimateGroup (”Smart 2020“) estimates that,worldwide, smart technologies willdeliver around 600 billion Euro of costsavings and around 7.8 billion t of CO2

emission savings in 2020. The Britishgovernment’s Stern Review estimatedemployment in the low-carbon energysector at around 25 million worldwidefor 2050; the Rocky Mountain Instituteanticipated emission reduction provi-ding around 3.2 million new jobs in theUSA for 2020. While a comparison withAustria is not easy, because the initialsituations in the various countries differso much, all authors reach the samegeneral conclusion, that the potentialfor cost savings and employment isconsiderable; this has indicative signi-ficance for Austria, too. In their brochure “Internet of Energy” the BDI –Federation of German Industries – anticipate massive market penetrationby smart grids and electric-poweredmobility by 2020. Meanwhile numerousstakeholders and authors are takingthis road map seriously. At the sametime there is strong competition forleadership in innovation; in particular,the topics ”electric-powered mobility“and ”smart metering“ are currentlyattracting keen interest, with China and the USA each investing more than7 billion US dollars in these areas. Given this worldwide competition andthe pace of developments, it is essentialto form effective alliances and to focusall the resources available.

The showcase region of Salzburg hasexcellent links both within Austria andabroad. It can pioneer the way forother parts of Austria, and speed upthe development of smart grids and theassociated market segments in Austria.With the know-how on hand, a strongposition in renewable sources ofenergy, an infrastructure already ingood shape, high standards of energyand resource efficiency, and innovativefirms, Austria is in excellent shape tostart with.

■ Austria’s energy and environmentalpolicy targets include reducing CO2

emissions by 16% and increasing theshare of gross end-use energy consump-tion accounted for by renewable sources to 34% by 2020. By that daterenewable sources should cover 10% ofconsumption in the transport sector. In the case of buildings no materials orgases at all relevant to global warmingshould be emitted by 2050. The deve-lopment of smart grids in the enginee-ring sense involves automating energysupply infrastructure to a greater extent: this applies particularly to thedistribution networks and to integra-ting end users’ energy-consumingequipment into the energy supply in-

■ The research, development and demonstration projects for the ”SmartGrids Showcase Region Salzburg“ aremainly focussed on the topics activedistribution grids, new technologiesand intelligent strategic approaches(e.g. in district heating), electric-powe-

Smart grids are designed to accomo-date both conventional large-scalepower plants and a variety of decentra-lized suppliers using renewable sourcesof energy, especially small-scale hydro-power, but also wind power, photovol-taics and biomass. To take full advan-tage of such decentralized suppliers,distribution grids need new and im-proved control and optimization philo-sophies. In individual sections of thegrid, e.g. in Lungau (part of the pro-vince of Salzburg), bottlenecks arealready developing today as decentra-lized suppliers feed more power in. The two projects ZUQDE (central vol-tage(U) and power factor(Q) controlwith local feeds in) and DG Demo-Network Validation (an AIT ”AustrianInstitute of Technology“ project, withSalzburg Netz GmbH as project part-ner) implement a centralized and aregional approach to intelligent controlof a medium-voltage grid, respectively;these are tested in practice and theresults compared. A further step will bea project to develop approaches tosmart-grid system integration in low-voltage grids.

In the ZUQDE project the existing gridmanagement system being enhancedwith new online applications. Centralcontrol of voltage and power factor isto be implemented in two phases: in open-loop mode the operators checkthe setpoints worked out by the vol-tage and power factor control systemfor plausibility, before passing them tothe controllers by hand, in closed-loop

Smart Grids connect people and tech-nology together intelligently. Two pro-jects investigate the role of consumersas active participants (”Human in theLoop“) and that of buildings as active,load-optimizing components in an intelligent energy system. The mainaims are to find out how informationfor consumers should be presented(energy feedback) and what technolo-gies can be employed in buildings topermit consumers to play an active partin an intelligent energy system andmake the most efficient use of energy.In addition, the potential and benefitsof smart metering are to be analysed.

Consumer2Grids analyses the role andbehaviour of electricity consumers as active participants in a smart-grid environment. Various methods of feed-back (established and experimental),combined with smart metering, providethe basis for this project, which is in-tended to identify practical ways of

encouraging consumers to use energymore efficiently without any loss inconvenience.

Building2Grids has as its starting-pointbuildings involving a substantial elec-trical load that have until now beenmanaged so as to achieve an optimumfrom the perspective of the building inquestion (regardless of the current stateof the power supply system). Here theaim is to take advantage of degrees offreedom that were previously unused inthese buildings (such as retiming loads,load shedding or turndown), so as tooptimize grid functioning. For instance,a building’s thermal inertia can be uti-lized by cooling the building in advancewhen the grid is not operating at capa-city, so that less power is needed attimes of peak demand (e.g. at midday,when all air-conditioning systems arerunning). In this way, with the aid ofintelligent, communicative buildingcontrol systems, buildings are tied into

SMART GRIDS – AIMS AND POTENTIAL

the smart grid interactively and gridoptimization coupled to buildingoptimization. In actual fact selectedbuildings are concentrated into aload aggregate by means of buil-ding control systems and coopera-tive telecontrol. Load models to bedeveloped for these load aggre-gates’ specific local characteristicsare intended to make it possible toanticipate future needs for controlpurposes, and to exploit potentialthat has been ignored until now.Results expected from this projectinclude: generic load models, atested and verified IT representa-tion of the buildings compatiblewith smart grids, and well-foundedstatements (backed up by experi-ments) about the potential andusefulness of ”active“ buildings in a smart grid.

T O P I C P R O J E C T S

CONSUMER2GRID AND BUILDING2GRID – LOAD AND DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT

As more electric-powered vehicles come into use, there will be considera-ble opportunities to improve energyefficiency and reduce CO2 emissions inthe transport sector. Electric-poweredmobility involves tough challenges forgrid operators, but also opens up newperspectives. If a large number of elec-tric-powered vehicles are simply connec-ted to the grid and recharged withoutany form of coordination, this can leadto more extreme spikes in demand andto excessive grid loading. Smart-gridtechnologies could be employed formanaging charging (by retiming loads)and to use the batteries for storage(with reverse flow to the grid), though,which would open up new optimizationoptions. Here the aim is to integrateelectric-powered mobility into the over-all system intelligently and in a grid-oriented way, while accommodatingmobility customers’ future requirementsand making the best possible use of theexisting grid infrastructure. Startingfrom the experience gained in SalzburgAG’s ElectroDrive program (which

began providing complete electric-powered mobility packages in April2009), the project Vehicle to Grid (V2G)Interfaces is to develop interactive portals for electric-powered mobilitycustomers in the showcase region ofSalzburg. Here the first step is to iden-tify the data flows required and suitablebusiness models within Salzburg AG.The communications systems already inuse will be enhanced by means of newfacilities (e.g. for administering andcharging for energy services for electric-powered mobility customers). Togetherwith the ElectroDrive program an im-plementation plan will be drawn up, to form the basis for a demonstrationproject planned in the showcase regionof Salzburg. In the study Studie Vehicleto Grid (V2G) Strategies, to be carriedout by the Institute for Electrical Equip-ment and Power Management atVienna Engineering University and bySalzburg Netz GmbH, technological,economic and ecological consequencesof massive penetration of the Austrianelectricity system by electric-powered

mobility (up to 2050) are to beinvestigated and strategies for actively integrating it in the griddeveloped. The following outputsare anticipated: ■ Scenarios for developing electric-

powered mobility in selectedurban (Salzburg) and rural regions (Salzburg, Vorarlberg,Upper Austria) and throughoutAustria up to 2050

■ Customized strategies for charging and decharging, takingpatterns of mobility, the gridcharacteristics of the charginginfrastructure provided and themix of generating sources intoaccount

■ Technology impact assessmentsfor urban and rural distributiongrids, employing new strategiesof active integration in grids for G2V (Grid to Vehicle) andV2G (Vehicle to Grid)

■ Cost/benefit analysis of severaldifferent nationwide businessmodels

V2G (VEHICLE TO GRID) STRATEGIES AND INTERFACES

Converting private transportto electric power

Electric-poweredmobility

Small-scalecogeneration plant

Load managementStorage service

Metering service

Biomass

Geothermal energy

Biogas

Wind power

Solar heat

Photovoltaics

SMARTGRIDS

Reduction inCO2 emission

MobilityserviceEnergy service

Prerequisite forIntegrating renewablesources of energy

Driver forEnergy efficiencyat end users’ level

Prerequisite forElectric-powered mobility

Benefits of smart grids

red mobility and load and demand-sidemanagement. The results can be trans-ferred to other showcase regions, andare synergetically coordinated withinternational activities in the smart-gridcontext. Scientific exchange with the D-A-CH countries is particularly close.

mode the setpoints are passed to thecontrollers by the grid managementsystem directly, making fully automa-ted operation possible. Implementingthis intelligent centralized controlsetup for local suppliers makes it pos-sible to take full advantage of sparecapacity in the existing grid infrastruc-ture, and thus for the grid to accommo-date additional local suppliers moreeasily.

The approaches to voltage controldeveloped in the two projects ”DG Demo-Network“ and BAVIS (cf. FF 5/2006) are to be implementedfor real in selected sections of the gridin Vorarlberg und Salzburg, within theframework of DG Demo-Network Validation; the approaches in questionwill thus be subjected to a field test.The main aim of the project is to makeit possible to integrate the maximumdensity of local suppliers using renew-able sources of energy in the powerdistribution grid, without power linesneeding to be made thicker. And withthe new approaches to voltage controlin use local power suppliers can, apartfrom generating electricity, providegrid services in the field of voltagestability that had been left to largepower stations up till now.

ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION GRIDS IN MEDIUM AND LOW-VOLTAGE GRIDS

Sou

rce:

Sal

zbu

rg A

G

POWERGRIDS

MOBILITY

PEOPLEBUILDINGS

MODULES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SHOWCASE REGION OF SALZBURG

The issue of reliable, efficient energy

supply to provide services and products

(both essential and convenient) is critical

for a sustainable economy.

The aim of the BMVIT subprogram

”Energy Systems of Tomorrow“ is to

develop technologies and strategies for

an efficient, flexible energy supply system

based on exploiting renewable sources

of energy and capable of meeting our

energy needs indefinitely.

Deploying a wide range of technology-

related modules and concomitant

activities is intended to provide impetus

to this sector, and thus open up new

opportunities for Austrian business.

dustry’s management and monitoringsystems. Going further, implementingsmart grids means extensively restruc-turing the electricity supply system,which will affect each and every stake-holder. In this sense smart grids are aprerequisite for the politically manda-ted strategy of making more use ofrenewable energy. For Austria the issueis not whether, but on what scale, howrapidly and with what priorities smartgrids can and should be implementedin showcase regions. Identifying marketsegments, and developing businessmodels that can be put into commercialpractice within a narrow time frame,play a key part here. New servicesbased on energy and instrumentation

technology and designed to make theuse of energy and material more effi-cient provide starting-points for this.Where local suppliers feed a fair amount of power in at varying rates,smart grids can help with operating astable, reliable network, e.g. if demandis adjusted to match the supply of re-newables and the network capacityavailable. Innovative mobility servicesare already laying the foundation forexpanding electric-powered mobility infuture. Rapid development of smartgrids and electric-powered mobilityprovides an opportunity for Austrianfirms to occupy related market niches.Obviously of interest here: environ-mental and efficiency technologies,automation engineering, instrumen-tation, sensor technology and linkingreal-world and ICT applicationstogether: “Internet of Things”.

A report published by The ClimateGroup (”Smart 2020“) estimates that,worldwide, smart technologies willdeliver around 600 billion Euro of costsavings and around 7.8 billion t of CO2

emission savings in 2020. The Britishgovernment’s Stern Review estimatedemployment in the low-carbon energysector at around 25 million worldwidefor 2050; the Rocky Mountain Instituteanticipated emission reduction provi-ding around 3.2 million new jobs in theUSA for 2020. While a comparison withAustria is not easy, because the initialsituations in the various countries differso much, all authors reach the samegeneral conclusion, that the potentialfor cost savings and employment isconsiderable; this has indicative signi-ficance for Austria, too. In their brochure “Internet of Energy” the BDI –Federation of German Industries – anticipate massive market penetrationby smart grids and electric-poweredmobility by 2020. Meanwhile numerousstakeholders and authors are takingthis road map seriously. At the sametime there is strong competition forleadership in innovation; in particular,the topics ”electric-powered mobility“and ”smart metering“ are currentlyattracting keen interest, with China and the USA each investing more than7 billion US dollars in these areas. Given this worldwide competition andthe pace of developments, it is essentialto form effective alliances and to focusall the resources available.

The showcase region of Salzburg hasexcellent links both within Austria andabroad. It can pioneer the way forother parts of Austria, and speed upthe development of smart grids and theassociated market segments in Austria.With the know-how on hand, a strongposition in renewable sources ofenergy, an infrastructure already ingood shape, high standards of energyand resource efficiency, and innovativefirms, Austria is in excellent shape tostart with.

■ Austria’s energy and environmentalpolicy targets include reducing CO2

emissions by 16% and increasing theshare of gross end-use energy consump-tion accounted for by renewable sources to 34% by 2020. By that daterenewable sources should cover 10% ofconsumption in the transport sector. In the case of buildings no materials orgases at all relevant to global warmingshould be emitted by 2050. The deve-lopment of smart grids in the enginee-ring sense involves automating energysupply infrastructure to a greater extent: this applies particularly to thedistribution networks and to integra-ting end users’ energy-consumingequipment into the energy supply in-

■ The research, development and demonstration projects for the ”SmartGrids Showcase Region Salzburg“ aremainly focussed on the topics activedistribution grids, new technologiesand intelligent strategic approaches(e.g. in district heating), electric-powe-

Smart grids are designed to accomo-date both conventional large-scalepower plants and a variety of decentra-lized suppliers using renewable sourcesof energy, especially small-scale hydro-power, but also wind power, photovol-taics and biomass. To take full advan-tage of such decentralized suppliers,distribution grids need new and im-proved control and optimization philo-sophies. In individual sections of thegrid, e.g. in Lungau (part of the pro-vince of Salzburg), bottlenecks arealready developing today as decentra-lized suppliers feed more power in. The two projects ZUQDE (central vol-tage(U) and power factor(Q) controlwith local feeds in) and DG Demo-Network Validation (an AIT ”AustrianInstitute of Technology“ project, withSalzburg Netz GmbH as project part-ner) implement a centralized and aregional approach to intelligent controlof a medium-voltage grid, respectively;these are tested in practice and theresults compared. A further step will bea project to develop approaches tosmart-grid system integration in low-voltage grids.

In the ZUQDE project the existing gridmanagement system being enhancedwith new online applications. Centralcontrol of voltage and power factor isto be implemented in two phases: in open-loop mode the operators checkthe setpoints worked out by the vol-tage and power factor control systemfor plausibility, before passing them tothe controllers by hand, in closed-loop

Smart Grids connect people and tech-nology together intelligently. Two pro-jects investigate the role of consumersas active participants (”Human in theLoop“) and that of buildings as active,load-optimizing components in an intelligent energy system. The mainaims are to find out how informationfor consumers should be presented(energy feedback) and what technolo-gies can be employed in buildings topermit consumers to play an active partin an intelligent energy system andmake the most efficient use of energy.In addition, the potential and benefitsof smart metering are to be analysed.

Consumer2Grids analyses the role andbehaviour of electricity consumers as active participants in a smart-grid environment. Various methods of feed-back (established and experimental),combined with smart metering, providethe basis for this project, which is in-tended to identify practical ways of

encouraging consumers to use energymore efficiently without any loss inconvenience.

Building2Grids has as its starting-pointbuildings involving a substantial elec-trical load that have until now beenmanaged so as to achieve an optimumfrom the perspective of the building inquestion (regardless of the current stateof the power supply system). Here theaim is to take advantage of degrees offreedom that were previously unused inthese buildings (such as retiming loads,load shedding or turndown), so as tooptimize grid functioning. For instance,a building’s thermal inertia can be uti-lized by cooling the building in advancewhen the grid is not operating at capa-city, so that less power is needed attimes of peak demand (e.g. at midday,when all air-conditioning systems arerunning). In this way, with the aid ofintelligent, communicative buildingcontrol systems, buildings are tied into

SMART GRIDS – AIMS AND POTENTIAL

the smart grid interactively and gridoptimization coupled to buildingoptimization. In actual fact selectedbuildings are concentrated into aload aggregate by means of buil-ding control systems and coopera-tive telecontrol. Load models to bedeveloped for these load aggre-gates’ specific local characteristicsare intended to make it possible toanticipate future needs for controlpurposes, and to exploit potentialthat has been ignored until now.Results expected from this projectinclude: generic load models, atested and verified IT representa-tion of the buildings compatiblewith smart grids, and well-foundedstatements (backed up by experi-ments) about the potential andusefulness of ”active“ buildings in a smart grid.

T O P I C P R O J E C T S

CONSUMER2GRID AND BUILDING2GRID – LOAD AND DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT

As more electric-powered vehicles come into use, there will be considera-ble opportunities to improve energyefficiency and reduce CO2 emissions inthe transport sector. Electric-poweredmobility involves tough challenges forgrid operators, but also opens up newperspectives. If a large number of elec-tric-powered vehicles are simply connec-ted to the grid and recharged withoutany form of coordination, this can leadto more extreme spikes in demand andto excessive grid loading. Smart-gridtechnologies could be employed formanaging charging (by retiming loads)and to use the batteries for storage(with reverse flow to the grid), though,which would open up new optimizationoptions. Here the aim is to integrateelectric-powered mobility into the over-all system intelligently and in a grid-oriented way, while accommodatingmobility customers’ future requirementsand making the best possible use of theexisting grid infrastructure. Startingfrom the experience gained in SalzburgAG’s ElectroDrive program (which

began providing complete electric-powered mobility packages in April2009), the project Vehicle to Grid (V2G)Interfaces is to develop interactive portals for electric-powered mobilitycustomers in the showcase region ofSalzburg. Here the first step is to iden-tify the data flows required and suitablebusiness models within Salzburg AG.The communications systems already inuse will be enhanced by means of newfacilities (e.g. for administering andcharging for energy services for electric-powered mobility customers). Togetherwith the ElectroDrive program an im-plementation plan will be drawn up, to form the basis for a demonstrationproject planned in the showcase regionof Salzburg. In the study Studie Vehicleto Grid (V2G) Strategies, to be carriedout by the Institute for Electrical Equip-ment and Power Management atVienna Engineering University and bySalzburg Netz GmbH, technological,economic and ecological consequencesof massive penetration of the Austrianelectricity system by electric-powered

mobility (up to 2050) are to beinvestigated and strategies for actively integrating it in the griddeveloped. The following outputsare anticipated: ■ Scenarios for developing electric-

powered mobility in selectedurban (Salzburg) and rural regions (Salzburg, Vorarlberg,Upper Austria) and throughoutAustria up to 2050

■ Customized strategies for charging and decharging, takingpatterns of mobility, the gridcharacteristics of the charginginfrastructure provided and themix of generating sources intoaccount

■ Technology impact assessmentsfor urban and rural distributiongrids, employing new strategiesof active integration in grids for G2V (Grid to Vehicle) andV2G (Vehicle to Grid)

■ Cost/benefit analysis of severaldifferent nationwide businessmodels

V2G (VEHICLE TO GRID) STRATEGIES AND INTERFACES

Converting private transportto electric power

Electric-poweredmobility

Small-scalecogeneration plant

Load managementStorage service

Metering service

Biomass

Geothermal energy

Biogas

Wind power

Solar heat

Photovoltaics

SMARTGRIDS

Reduction inCO2 emission

MobilityserviceEnergy service

Prerequisite forIntegrating renewablesources of energy

Driver forEnergy efficiencyat end users’ level

Prerequisite forElectric-powered mobility

Benefits of smart grids

red mobility and load and demand-sidemanagement. The results can be trans-ferred to other showcase regions, andare synergetically coordinated withinternational activities in the smart-gridcontext. Scientific exchange with the D-A-CH countries is particularly close.

mode the setpoints are passed to thecontrollers by the grid managementsystem directly, making fully automa-ted operation possible. Implementingthis intelligent centralized controlsetup for local suppliers makes it pos-sible to take full advantage of sparecapacity in the existing grid infrastruc-ture, and thus for the grid to accommo-date additional local suppliers moreeasily.

The approaches to voltage controldeveloped in the two projects ”DG Demo-Network“ and BAVIS (cf. FF 5/2006) are to be implementedfor real in selected sections of the gridin Vorarlberg und Salzburg, within theframework of DG Demo-Network Validation; the approaches in questionwill thus be subjected to a field test.The main aim of the project is to makeit possible to integrate the maximumdensity of local suppliers using renew-able sources of energy in the powerdistribution grid, without power linesneeding to be made thicker. And withthe new approaches to voltage controlin use local power suppliers can, apartfrom generating electricity, providegrid services in the field of voltagestability that had been left to largepower stations up till now.

ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION GRIDS IN MEDIUM AND LOW-VOLTAGE GRIDS

Sou

rce:

Sal

zbu

rg A

G

IMPRINT

FORSCHUNGSFORUM provides information on selected projects within a bmvit program focusing on “Sustainable Development”. Published by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit), Division for Energy and Environment Technologies; Director: Dipl.Ing. M. Paula; Renngasse 5, A-1010 Vienna. Photos and diagrams: Salzburg AG. Edited by: Projektfabrik Waldhör KG, A-1180 Wien, Währinger Straße 121/3. Layout: Wolfgang Bledl. Printed by: Schreier & Braune.

P.b.b. Erscheinungsort Wien, Verlagspostamt A-1010 Wien.

3

3

http://wwwFORSCHUNGSFORUM on the Internet:www.NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

in German and English

FI

GU

RE

S/

DA

TA

/F

AC

TS

FORSCHUNGSFORUM is published at least four times a year and is available for free on this website.

for the future. Integrated planningmakes it possible to exploit synergiesand to coordinate plans to expand or contract individual sectors better. Integrated planning is intended to linkup the various fields of activity, fromclimate and energy policy via strategicnetwork expansion planning rightthrough to operating and maintainingequipment.

The program is being implemented on three levels. First, new (tentative)customer-oriented solutions for currentheadaches in real grid sectors are triedout in practice. Next, the findings fromthe various subprojects in the showcaseregion are to be amalgamated. Syner-gies, dependences and reciprocal re-lationships can be revealed when indi-vidual effects are overlapped; theyshould be viewed in terms of horizontaland vertical integration (see diagrambelow). Finally, it is intended to set uplighthouse facilities to demonstrate theintegrated approach visibly and com-prehensibly.

■ Salzburg has based its overall pro-gram for smart infrastructure on anumber of preliminary scientific studiesin which the physical foundations, thetechnical feasibility and the economicand ecological impacts of smart gridswere analysed. The program encompas-ses a wide range of new activities, to beimplemented within the framework of”Neue Energien 2020“, the AustrianClimate and Energy Fund’s third call forproposals. Here Salzburg AG is colla-borating with an interdisciplinary teamof scientists and partners in industry.

Salzburg AG, the energy supplier forthe province of Salzburg, is a multi-utility firm covering the fields of electri-city supply, natural gas, district heating,water, telecommunications and trans-port. The vision of smart infrastructurefor the showcase region of Salzburgrequires convenient, intelligent, re-source-conserving and integrated infra-structure, i.e. all subsystems, technolo-gies and domains are integrated into acomprehensive system. The programlinks together and clusters all aspectsthat contribute to providing the energyservice in demand. Alongside the tech-nical issues, this approach includes theprocess of reaching decisions, planning,streamlining operation, defining theframework for action, asset manage-ment and analysing consumer beha-viour. Here benefits to customers, anddesigning and managing the customerinterfaces, are regarded as vital assets

PROJECT PARTNERS

Contact Salzburg AGDI Mag. Michael Strebl (Head of Grid Infrastructure)michael.strebl@salzburgnetz.atDI Thomas Rieder MBA (Head of Electrical Grids)thomas.rieder@salzburgnetz.atwww.salzburg-ag.at

Involved as partnersSiemens ÖsterreichSalzburg WohnbauAustrian Institut of Technology (AIT)Fichtner IT ConsultingEnergy Economics Group at the Vienna University of TechnologyInstitute for Computer Technology at the Vienna Vienna University of TechnologyCenter for Usability Research & Engineering(CURE)

INFORMATIONPUBLICATIONS

Final reports on the projects have been pub-lished by bmvit (in German) in the series ”Berichte aus Energie- und Umweltforschung“.

These reports can be downloaded fromwww.NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

MORE MODULES TO TURN SALZBURG INTO A SHOWCASE REGION

HEAT

COMMUNICATION

FORSCHUNGSFORUM2/2010

SMART GRIDS SHOWCASE REGION: SALZBURG

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SALZBURG

Implementing the various lines of development is intended toachieve the following results:■ Convenient, flexible, efficient

infrastructure matched to customer interests

■ Large-scale use of renewablesources of energy

■ Reduced peak loads■ Accumulating solid field expe-

rience, resulting in leadership ininnovation for Austria and thusimproved export opportunities

■ Reduced CO2 emissions and resource consumption

The core team in the project initia-tive is coordinated by Salzburg AG;it also includes the research institu-tes of Vienna Engineering Univer-sity, plus the Energy EconomicsGroup and the Institute of Compu-ter Technology, the Austrian Insti-tute of Technology and CURE (the Center for Usability Research & Engineering), with Siemens, Salzburg Wohnbau and Fichtner as partners from industry. Withtheir excellent connexions withinthe Austrian research network,Salzburg AG utilize a variety ofplatforms for cooperation andexchanging know-how: these in-clude national platforms such asSmart Grids Austria, for technology,or eConnected, and internationalcooperative link-ups such as SmartGrids D-A-CH, the multilateral European program network ERA-Net Smart Grids, and the Inter-national Energy Agency’s ResearchAgreement.

S T R A T E G Y

SMART HEAT NETWORKS

Until now smart-grids have been ana-lysed and developed mainly in con-nexion with electrical grids. This projectis intended to evaluate the potential ofthis approach for large and small-scaledistrict heating grids as exemplified inthe showcase region of Salzburg. To reduce peak loads, an intelligentgrid management system for large-scale district heating grids will be developed, using a selected small-scaledistrict heating grid operated by Salzburg AG in the province of Salz-burg as a test case. Various operatingand control strategies can be tested

by means of hydraulic and thermo-dynamic grid simulation tools, so as tonarrow down the choice of measuresthat may help to improve ecologicaland economic performance. The nextstep will be to evaluate how well thesestrategies can be applied to the districtheating grid in the city of Salzburg. As output, guidelines for implementingoptimized operating strategies will be developed, approaches that make economic and ecological sense workedout and the simulation results verifiedpoint by point.

SMARTSYNERGY – POTENTIAL FOR ICT SYNERGIES

For smart-grid and electric-poweredmobility applications many differentforms of data and information must be collected over a wide area and distributed to the right addresses. Every single application involves itsown special technical requirements,e.g. as regards the volume of data,real-time capability, data security, etc.These requirements have a consider-able effect on the details technicalimplementation and thus on the cost of the requisite ICT infrastructure. TheSmart Synergy project is concerned

with working out ways of installing the ICT infrastructure for several appli-cations cost-effectively and utilizing itfor synergies, and with validating thepotential actually available for syner-gies. The ICT requirements of thesmart-grid and electric-powered mobi-lity applications will be derived fromthe results of projects which SalzburgAG have completed or are now carry-ing out in various areas of relevance(geographical distribution, and quali-tative and quantitative technical re-quirements). The next step will be to

aggregate the various requirementsand compare them with the existingtelecommunications infrastructure inthe showcase region. Then the poten-tial for synergies between individualapplications, and the extent to whichthe existing ICT infrastructure can be used, will be evaluated. The aim isto derive strategies for the expansionof ICT infrastructure needed in theshowcase region of Salzburg.

VISION

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATIONall sources of energy and infrastructure elements –

integrated approach

Pow

er g

ener

atio

n

VERTICAL INTEGRATIONall levels of decision and action

Tran

spor

t

Dis

trib

utio

n

Cons

umpt

ion

tech

nolo

gies

Human needs

Equipment levelasset management

OperationExpansion & conversion

Energypolicy

Source: Salzburg AG

Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology

THE SALZBURG APPROACH – AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM

Folder_2-10_en_Ausf 30.06.2010 17:22 Uhr Seite 1