Final Update booklet CEDAW Jun 27 Khm 8 Tk 3 - SILAKA · 2015. 5. 18. · sIlkar CaGgÁkarkñúgRsukmYy Edlminmanninñakarneya)ay b¤sasna NamYyeT,Iy ehIy)ancuHeQμaHCamYyRksYgmhaépÞ

sar³sMxan;énGnusBaØasIu-d (CEDAW)

{mnusSRKb;rUbekItmkmanesrIPaB nigsmPaBxagsiT§inigesckþIéføfñÚrdUc²Kña} esckþIRbkasCasklsþIGMBIsiT§imnusS

TsSnb,BaØtþisRmab; shsSvtSr_fμI

etIGnusBaØaenHGnuvtþdUcemþckñúgbribTkm

kUnesovePAenH RtÚv)ansresreT,IgkñúgkarCYypþl;nUvKMnitsMxan;² edIm,IbegáIn karyl;dwgGMBIGnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati sþIGMBIkarlubbM)at;ral;TRmg;én karerIseGIgRbqaMgnwgnarIePT . eyIgmankþIsgÇwmfaesovePAenHnwgCYyCMrujkarQan eTAmux Cak;Esþgkñúgvis½yKuNPaBénCIvPaBrs;enArbs;®sþIExμr . eyIgmaneKalbMNg begáInkarPJak;rlwkGMBIsiT§iTaMgT,ayEdl®sþIRKb;rUbmansiT§iTTYl)an GnuelameTAtam GnusBaØasuI-d .

eyIgsgÇwmfakUnesovePAenHnigkøayCaFnFanmYysRmab;m®nþIrdæaPi)al nig Gñkr:ab;rgParkic©déTeTot Pñak;gartulakar Pñak;garGnuvtþc,ab; GgÁkarminEmn rdæaPi)al nigGñktMNagsikçaviTU GñkmanviC¢aCIv³EpñkGb;rMnigsikSaFikarRBmTaMgsisS nisSitTaMgT,ay .

kare)aHBumÖpSayenHCakmμviFIrbs; UNIFEM CEDAW Southeast Asian Program .

TsSn³TaMgGs;kñúgkUnesovePAenHKWCaTsSn³rbs;GñkeroberogpÞal; ehIymin EmnCaTsSn³rbs; UNIFEM GgÁkarshRbCaCati b¤GgÁkarsaxaNamYyeLIy .

eroberog nigEksMrYleday

san;DI hVInhiSk Nakaháav:a kas‘UmI nig v:arI XwH

rcna¼KMnUrRBageday GaM rsμ I

e)aHBum

sar³sMxan;énGnusBaØasIu-d

i

UNIFEM, Cambodia Office Phnom Penh, Cambodia Tel: 023 996 467; Fax: 023 994 932 Website: www.unifem.org

SILAKA # 6S, Street 21, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Tel: (855) 23 210 902; Fax: (855) 23 213 108 Website: www.silaka.org

UNIFEM CamUlniFisRmab;®sþIenAGgÁkarshRbCaCati . UNIFEM pþl;CMnYy bec©keTs nighirBaØvtßú dl;kmμviFI nigyuT§sa®sþTaMgT,ayEdlCYyelIksÞÜysiT§imnusS nigkarcUlrYmrbs;®sþIkñúgvis½yneya)ay nigsnþisuxEpñk esdækic©rbs;RsIþ . UNIFEM eFVIkarCaédKUCamYyGgÁPaBepSgeTot énGgÁkar shRbCaCati CamYyrdæaPi)al nig GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al (NGOs) RBmTaMgbNþajTaMgT,ay edIm,IelIkkm


ii

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN kUnesovePAenH CaplseRmcBIviPaKTanrbs;mnusSeRcInrUb Edl)anxitxM

RbwgERbgy:agxøaMg edIm,IsmasPaKbBa©Úlrbs;xøÜn kñúgkareFVI[kUnesovePAenH tRmYveTAnigsßanPaBsiT§mnusS nigkarGPivDÆn_bc©úb,nñrbs;eyIg .

´sUmGrKuN dl;GñkBieRKaHeyabl; UNIFEM SEAP bIrUb man GñkRsI san;DI hVInhiSk GñkRsI Nakaháav:a kas‘UmI nig GñkRsI m:aDh‘U emra cMeBaH viPaKTanEpñkc,ab; nigbec©keTsdéT²eTotdl;kUnesovePAenH . matikakUnesov ePAenH)andkRsg;y:ageRcIn ecjBIÉksarplitedayGñkRsI m:aDh‘U emra nig Partners for Law in Development EdlmaneQμaHfa “CEDAW: Restoring Rights to Women” . ´k¾sUmGrKuN edayeyIgGacRsg;xøwmsarxøH² CaTunsRmab;tak; EtgÉksarenHeLIg bnSúIGnusBaØasIu-d eTAkñúgbribTkm


iii

JICA UNFPA, World Education, CLEC, GAD/C, DISUF, NGOs Committee on

CEDAW, PADV, Youth Star, RACHA Edl)anpþl;karseRmccitþCaGaTiPaBRtwm RtUvelImatika nigbBaðaGaTiPaBmYyPaKFM eFVI[kUnesovePAenH)anBak;B½n§sIuCeRmA eTAnwgbribTkm


iv

matika TMB½r esckþIEføgGMNrKuN ........................................................................... ii Bakükat; ......................................................................................... vi Éksareyag nigeKhTMBr½ .................................................................. vii buBVkfa ......................................................................................... viii 1-tamry³GnusBaØasIu-d ³ siT§i®sþI KWCasiT§imnusS ................................ 1

- PaBCab;Tak;TinKñarvagsiT§imnusS nigsiT§iRsþI ..................................... 1 - TsSn³ (concept) CamUldæanGMBIsiT§imnusS .................................... 3

2-esckþIepþImGMBIGnusBaØasIu-d ............................................................ 6 - karyl;dwgGMBIRkbxNÐkargarénGnusBaØasIu-d ..................................... 7

- smPaBsMxan; ........................................................................... 8 - karerIseGIg¼karminerIseGIg ........................................................ 12 - katBVkic©rdæPaKI ....................................................................... 19

3-RkbxNÐkargar nigc,ab;TaMgLay .................................................. 24 - TMnak;TMngrvagsiT§i®sþI nigrdæFmμnuBaØkm


v

- TMnak;TMngrvageKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sakl eKaledAGPivDÆn_ shsSvtSr_km1 EpñksmPaBsMxan; ............................................... 9 • rUbPaB2>2 etIenAeBlNaEdlPaBxusKña nig RbRBwtþikmμxusKñaxag

EpñkeynD½r bgá[mankarerIseGIg tamGnusBaØasIu-d ? ................ 15 • rUbPaB 2>3 katBVkic©rbs;rdæPaKIcMeBaHGnusBaØasIu-d .................. 21 • tarag 3>1 tarageRbobeFob rdæFmμnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm


vi

Bakükat; Abbreviation

Bakükat;Gg;eKøs BaküeBjCaExμr BaküeBjGg;eKøs

ASEAN smaKménCatiGasIuGaeKñy_ ¬Gas‘an¦ Association of South-East Asia Nations

BPFA Epnkarskm μPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg Beijing Platform for Action

CEDAW GnusBaØasþIBIkarbM)at;ecalral;TRmg; én karerIseGIgRbqaMgnarIePT ¬GnusBaØasIu-d¦

Convention on the Elimination of All the Forms of Discrimination Against Women

CMDG eKaledAGPivDÆn_shvtSr_km


vii

Éksareyag Women and the Law, CLEC, 1998

Roberta Clark, Regional Program Director, UNIFEM, Caribbean, 2001

Madhu Mehra and the Partners for Law in Development materials as well as materials developed by IWRAW Asia Pacific.

Pathway to Gender Equality, CEDAW, Beijing and the MDGs, UNIFEM, GTZ and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development

Achieving the CMDGs 2005 Update, Ministry of Planning, Royal Government of Cambodian, October 2005

A Fair Share for Women, Cambodia Gender Assessment, UNIFEM, World Bank, ADB, and DFID/UK and the MOWA, April 2004:

Original picture adopted from, ,CEDAW, Restoring Rights to Women, New Delhi, 2004

Royal Government of Cambodia, National Strategic Development Plan, 2006-2010

Messengers of the CMDGs, UNIFEM, UNDP and Japan Official Development Assistance LINKS

Additional Information on CEDAW and Women’s Rights United Nations, Division for the Advancement of Women (CEDAW) http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/ IWRAW Asia Pacific A wealth of information on CEDAW application http://iwraw-ap.org Women’s Human Rights Net An expansive source of information and analysis on global women’s rights issues http://www.whrnet.org Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD) http://www.apwld.org Asian-Pacific Resource & Research Centre for Women (ARROW) http://www.arrow.org.my Committee for Asian Women (CAW) http://www.cawinfo.org UN Division of Advancement of Women http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/ Women Watch UN Internet Gateway on the advancement and empowerment of women http://www.un.org/womenwatch UNDP Gender in Development http://www.undp.org/gender United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights http://www.unhchr.ch/women/ UNESCAP Gender and Development Section http://www.unescap.org/esid/GAD/index.asp


viii

buBVkfa

sar³sMxan; edIm,IQaneTAdl;karyl;dwgGMBIGnusBaØasIu-d viFIkñúgkar ykmkGnuvtþ enAkñúgbribTénRbeTskm


ix

eBlkMBugbegáItesovePAenH KWkarEdlRtUvRtYtBinitüemIlsMeNACaPasaGgeKøsCa munsin eRkaymkeTIbbkERbvaedIm,I)anecjCaesovePAPasaExμrmYyk,al .

eyIgcat;TukfaesovePAenHKWCaFnFansRmab;kareronsURtmYy Edlbgðaj y:agc,as;fa GnusBaØasIu-d (CEDAW)EpnkarskmμPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg (BPFA) nig eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ (MDGs)TaMgGs;enH KWCa]bkrN_CYydl;karbNþúH bNþalrbs;RKUbNþúHbNþalrbs;kmμviFI UNIFEM CEDAW SEAP enAkñúgRbeTs km

1 sar³sMxan;énGnusBaØasIu-d

1 tamry³GnusBaØasuI-d ³ siT§i®sþI KWCasiT§imnusS

PaBCab;Tak;TinKñarvagsiT§imnusS nigsiT§iRsþI

eRkayBIs®gÁamsuIvilGs;BIrTsSvtSr_mk ®sþIenATUTaMgRbeTsTTYlrgnUvsm


manzan³esμ IKñaxagsgÁm esdækic© vb,Fm’ Blrdæ nigxagneya)ay sRmab;®sþI k¾dYcCasRmab;burs . ®sþIenAkm


rbs;xøÜn kñúgnamCasmaCikéncMeNamGñkpþl;viPaKTandl;sgÁmkm


mtineya)ayb¤mtidéTeTot edImkMeNIt sBa¢ati b¤sgÁmeT,Iy . mnusSeyIgral;rUbekItmkmanesrIPaBrYmTaMgmansiT§i nigesckþIéføfñÚr es μ I²Kña .

siT§imnusSminGacEbgEck)an ³ RbCaCnTaMgT,ayRtÚvrs;enAkñúgesckþI éføfñÚr . mnusSTaMgGs;KñamansiT§iTTYl)anesrIPaB snþisux nigkRmitCIvPaBrs;enAsmrmü kñúgeBlCamYyKña . KμansiT§i mnusSmYyNasMxan;tic b¤ eRcIn CagsiT§iNamYyeToteT . siT§iTaMg enaHCab;CMBak; nigTak;TgKñaeTAvijeTAmk . cUrKitGMBIeKalkarN_ énPaBminGacEck)an ]bmabIdUcCapÞH\dæ . duM\dænImYy² enAkñúgpÞHenaHmanRbeyaCn_ nigtémøes μ I²Kña ehIy\dæTaMgGs; suT§EtRTRTg;pÞHTaMgmUl.

siT§imnusSminRtÚvGacdkhUt)an ³ siT§imnusS minGacRtÚv)aneKdkhUt b¤lk;dUr)aneLIy . KμanCnNamñak;mansiT§idkhUtsiT§ibuKÁlmñak;eTot edaymUlehtuNamYyeT,Iy . RbCaCnenAEtmansiT§imnusS eTaHCac,ab;énRbeTsrbs;eKminTTYlsÁal; b¤RbeTseK)an rMelaPelIsiT§iTaMgenaHkþI . Ca]TahrN_ enAeBlEdlmankarRbRBwtþ Taskm μ TaskrTaMgT,ayenAEtmansiT§i sUm,IEtsiT§iTaMgenH RtuUv)aneKrMelaPbMBankþI .


siT§imnusSGacEckecjCa 3 RbePT ³ siT§isIuvil nig neya)ay ³ KW { sMedAeTArk \sSrPaB } ehIyrYm

mansiT§ikúñgkarrs;enAkñúg\sSrPaB nigsnþisuxrbs;buKÁl esrIPaBcak putBIkareFVITaruNkm μnigTasPaB esrIPaBcUlrYmkúñgkic©karneya)ay esrIPaBkúñgkarbeBa©jmti kúñgkarsEmþg kúñgkarKit kúñgkarbeBa©j mnsikar nigkúñgCMenOsasna RBmTaMgesrIPaBkúñgkarcYlrYmCa smaKmnigkarRbmUlpþMú .

siT§iesdækic© nig sgÁm ³ { sMedAeTArk snþisux } . Ca]TahrN_ siT§iman kargar siT§iTTYl)ankarGb;rM siT§irs;enAkñúgkRmitCIvPaBsmrmü siT§iTTYl)anes,óg Gahar TICRmk nigkarKaMBarsuxPaB .

siT§ibrisßan vb,Fm’ GPivDÆn_ ³ siT§ienaHrYmman siT§irs;enAkúñgbrisßanmYys¥at nigkarBarBIkarbMpøicbMpøaj siT§iTTYl)annUvkarGPivDÆ Epñkvb,Fm’ neya)ay nigesdækic© .

cMeBaHsiT§imnusSCamUldæanTaMgGs;Edl)anBiPakSamkxagelIenH KWmanEcgkñúg

{ c,ab;sþIGMBIsiT§imnusS } EdlkúñgenaHrYmmanGnusBaØa ktikasBaØa sn§isBaØa nigBiFIsar Edl)antak;EtgeLIgCaeRcInqñaM edayGgÁkarshRbCaCati nigsßab½nGnþrCati déTeTot dUcCasmaKmRbCaCatiGasIuGaeKñy_CaedIm (ASEAN) .


2 esckþIepþImGMBIGnusBaØasuI-d ³


karyl;dwgGMBIRkbxNÐkargarénGnusBaØasuI-d etIGVIeTACaGnusBaØasIþGMBIkarlb;bM)at;ral;TRmg;én karerIseGIgRbqaMgnarI¬sIu-d¦?

suI-d (CEDAW) KWCasn§isBaØaGnþrCati EdlCaEpñkmYyénRbB½n§ c,ab;siT§imnusSénshRbCaCati. eBlxøH eyIgsMedAelIGnusBaØasuI-d faCa {GnusBaØarbs;®sþI (Women’s Convention) b¤ {kRmgsiT§i®sþI } (Women’s Bill of Rights”). CaTUeTAGnusBaØasuI-d KWCakic©RBmeRBogGnþrCatiTUlMTUlaymYy EdlmanbMNgcg;Eklm¥sßanPaB®sþI . GnusBaØasuI-d elIk km1 kic©snüasgÁm nig]bkrN_

xN³Edlkm


eKalkarN_sñÚlTaMgbIénGnusBaØa sIu-d GnusBaØasIu-d Ep¥kelImUldæanRkbxNÐkargarEdlQrelIeKalkarN_sñÚl3 KW ³

• smPaBsMxan;² • karerIseGIg nigkarminerIseGIg • katBVkic©rdæ

eKalkarN_TaMgenaH manlkçN³BiessnigKμandUc manEtkñúgGnusBaØasIu-d eT Edlpþl;nUvGtßn½yBiess dl;siT§iTaMgT,ayrbs;®sþI .

kñúgEpñkenH eyIgnwgeronGMBIeKalkarN_sñÚlTaMgenH . b:uEnþeKalkarN_TaMgenaH RtÚvEtmanvtþmanCanic©enAeBlNaEdleyIgKitGMBI b¤BüayamGnuvtþbTb,BaØtiþBit²én GnusBaØasIu-d . eKalkarN_TI1 smPaBsMxan;²

TsSn³énsmPaB manelIsq¶ayBIRbRBwtiþkm μdUcKñacMeBaH ÉktþCn TaMgGs; . Ca]TahrN_ enAkñúgsßanPaBminesμIKña smPaBénRbRBwtiþkm μ CakarbnþnUvPaBGyutþiFm’ eRcInCagkarbM)at;nUvPaBGyutþiFm’ . edaymankarRbwgERbg y:agx¢ab;x¢ÜnepþatcMeBaH nigEktRmÚvGtulüPaBTaMgenH enAeBlhñwgehIyEdleyIgnwgbMBit(eFVI[Bit) nUvsm PaBBitR)akd)an .

smPaBsMxan;²manEpñkcaM)ac; 3 . rUbPaBxageRkambgðajfaetIEpñkcaM)ac; TaMgT,ayenHTak;TinKñay:agNa ehIyfasmPaBGac seRmc)an y:agdUcemþc.


CMhanTI1 ³ smPaBénkalanuvtþPaB ³ RsþIRtÚv)anpþl;kalanuvtþPaBdUcbursEdr b:uEnþeFVIrebobenH enAminTan;RKb;RKan;eT ebIsinBYkeKKμanmeFüa)ay edImI,TTYl)an nUvkalanuvtþPaBenaHeT.

rUbPaB 2>1 ³ EpñkcaM)ac;énsmPaB

rUbPaBxageRkamenHbgðajGMBIeKalkarN_énsmPaBTaMgbI ³ manmaK’abIxus²KñaedIm,IEktRmÚvGtulüPaBTaMgT,ayenaH maK’aTaMgenHKW ³

1> maK’aEbbsNæanénsmPaB (Formal Approach of Equality)

CMhanTI3 ³ smPaBénlT§pl rdæRtÚvFana[bMBitnUvkarRbtibtþi siT§i dUecñHrdæRtÚv EtbgðajnUvlT§pl TaMg T,ay minEmnenARtwmEtRkbxNÐkargar smFm’EdlmanEcgl¥EtelIRkdas b:ueNÑaHeT .

CMhanTI2 ³ smPaBTTYl)annUvkalanuvtþPaB ³ KWfa®sþITaMgT,aymansiT§iTTYl)ankareRbI R)as;FnFan rbs;RsukeTsdUc²Kñanwgburs Edr EfmTaMgmanRkbxNÐkargar EdlFana kic©karBar edayc,ab;TaMgT,ay nigKaMRT edaysßab½nTaMgT,ay .


maK’aénsmPaBenHEp¥kelITsSnTanb,BaØtiþ Edlfabursnig®sþITaMgGs;dUcKña

ehIykarEdlemIleTAeXIjfaCaxusKñanignaMmknUvvismPaB . dUecñHehIy eKRtÚvEtRbRBwtþcMeBaHburs nignarI[dUc²Kña edayKμankarEbgEck .

tamKMrUenH esckþIRtÚvkarCaBiessrbs;®sþITaMgT,ayRtÚv)aneKemIlrMlgehIy ®sþIRtÚv)andak;[rgeRKaHfñak; CaerOy²minGacnwgTTYl)an»kasl¥ edaysar GmitþPaBénbriyakasCuMvijxøÜn BYkeKpg .

2> maK’akarBarniyménsmPaB (Protectionist Approach to Equality)


maK’akarBarniyménsmPaB TTYlsÁal;nUvPaBxusKñarvagbursnig®sþI mandUcCa PaBxusKñaxagCIvsa®sþ¬srIragÁ¦EtemIlPaBxusKñaTaMgenHeXIj faCaPaBTn;exSay . edaymancgcaMTukkñúgcitþ minePøcnUvPaBxusKñaTaMgLayeenH eKesñI[manRbRBwtþi km μxus²Kña edayRtÜtRtaelI®sþI EtminEktRmÚvbriyakaseT b¤k¾pþl;karKaMRTdl;®sþI [GacTb;Tl;nwgbriyakasEdlKμansuvtißPaBenaHeT . CaCageFVI[mankarbMElg sgÁm maK’aenHrwtbnþwg nigrwtt,itkarmin[TTYl)ankalanuvtþPaBes μ I²KñaeTAvij .

3> maK’aEktRmUvénsmPaB (The Corrective Approach to Equality)

maK’aEktRmÚvénsmPaBenH TTYlsÁal;famanPaBxusKñarvagbursnig®sþI eday

ecaTsYrGMBImUldæanénPaBxus²Kñarvagbursnig®sþI ehIyeqøIytbedayRbRBwtþikmμxus² Kña EdltRmg;eTArkkarEktRmÚvPaBrNb ¬sßanPaBTab¦ rbs;®sþI .

maK’aenHeGabRkesabnUvRKb;;KMnitpþÜcepþImGMBIc,ab; eKalneya)ay km μviFI nigesvaTaMgT,ayEdlnwgnaMeTArksmPaBénkalanub,vtþPaB karTTYl)an rYmTaMg lT§plpg . maK’aenHdwgfaRbRBwtþikmμ b¤cemøIyTaMgLayNa Edlmin)anykPaB


xusKñamkKitKUpg nigTTYl)annUvlT§plminesμIKñasRmab;bursnig®sþI. GnusBaØasuI-delIkkm


EdlGnuvtþ)an eTAelIPaBxusKñakñúgRbRBwtþikm μNamYyk¾)an .

rdæFmμnuBaØkm


TsSn³énkarminerIseGIg GnuvtþeTAelI ³ • kic©edayectna ³ KWCakic©Edl)aneRKagTukCamun eFVIeLIgeday

esckþIbMNgNamYy ehIyEdlminEmnekItedayécdnü Edl)anrMéBKitTukCamun .

• kic©edayGectna ³ KWkic©Edl)anekIteLIgedayKμankareRKagTuk minekIteLIgedayqnÞ³ KμankarrMéBKitTukCamun nigeFVIeday KμanesckþIbMNg .

• GñkedIrtYsaFarN³ ³ rYmmanm®nþIrdæaPi)al GñkbeRmIkarsIuvil Gñkman Parkic©déTeTot .

• GñkedIrtYÉkCn ³ mann½yfaCaGgÁPaBminEmnrdæ rYmmanGgÁkar minEmn rdæaPi)al saCIvkm μ nigBlrdæTaMgT,ay.

tamnItin½y (De jure) eFobnwg tamRBwtþn½y (De facto)

niyay[gayyl;vaküsBÞ :tamnItin½y : (de jure) nig :tamRBwtþn½y : (de facto)RtUv)anykmkCMnYs :tamc,ab; : nig : tamkarBit : . Ca]TahrN_énkarerIseGIg tamnItin½y RbsinebImanc,ab;EdlhamXat; RsþImin[e)aHeqñatenAeBlEdlburs RtUv)anGnuBaØat[e)aH . kñúgkrNIenHKwc,ab;xøÜnÉgEdlerIseGIgRbqaMgnigRsþI . c,ab;begáItnUvkarerIseGIgEbbrcnasm


karbdiesFsiT§iNamYy edayEp¥kelIkarEbgEck karpat ;ecj b¤karritt,it

Ep¥kelIePT .

karbdiesFsiT§iNamYYy eTaHCamanectnafaeFVIdUecñaH

b¤mineFVIdUecñaHk¾eday .

karbdiesFsiT§iNamYYy eTaH CatamviFankar tamnItin½y

b¤tamviFankartam ®Bwtþn½y.

karbdiesFsiT§iNamYy eTaHCaeFVIeLIgedayGñk edIrtYCasaFarN³ b¤Gñk

edIrtY CaÉkCnkþI.

karbdiesFkarTTYlsÁal; karGaRs½ypl b¤

kareRbIR)as ;siT§i NamYy RtÚv)aneFVI[xUcxatb¤emaX³.

karerIseGIg

kñúgsgÁm . Ca]TahrN_énkarerIseGIgtamRBwtþn½y RbsinebIRsþInigbursGac QreQμaH[eKe)aHeqñatenAeBlEdltMNag[RsþIePTmanRtwmEt 12° enAkm


]TahrN_ ³ • edaysarnag FarI CakumarI nagminmansuvtßiPaBeTAcUleron .

dUecñHeKminGnuBaØat[nageTA salaeroneT,Iy . • edaysarnag cnÞnI CakumarI nagminGaceTAsalaeronTan;eBlevla

BIeRBaHnagrvl;emIlEfbgb¥ÚnenApÞH . • nag FarI KμansgÇwmfanagnwgGac)aneTAeronsURteT,Iy . • v:anñI minRtÚv)anGnuBaØat[eRbIR)as;salaeronenAkñúgXuMrbs;nageT,Iy .

FatupSMTaMgLayEdlbegIátkarerIseGIg

eyagtamGnusBaØasuI-d karerIseGIgekIteT,IgtamlMdab;énRBwtiþkarN_dUcxag eRkam ³

• menaKmn_viC¢a ³ karsn μtnanakñúgvis½yeynD½rGMBItYnaTI niigsmtßPaBrbs;burs nig®sþI Edlmanrab;bBa©Úl minRtwmEtRbRBwtþikmμxusKña edayEp¥kelIePT b:ueNÑaHeT k¾b:uEnþlatsn§wgdl;karsnμtnana kñúgvis½ysgÁm vb,Fm’ EdlP¢ab;eTAnwgPav³énxøÜnCa®sþIpgEdr .

• kic© ³ RbRBwtiþkm μxusKña karrwtt,wt b¤pat;ecj EdlGacman\T§iBlGviC¢man dl;siT§i nigesrIPaB .


• lT§pl ³ kareFVI[xUcxat b¤kareFVI[emaX³ nUvkarTTYlsÁal; karGaRs½ypl b¤kareRbIR)as;siT§i b¤esrIPaB TaMgT,ay .

karerIseGIgedaypÞal;lT§plecjBIkic©EdleKéqñRbDit

daymanbMNgRbRBwtþxusEbøk BImuncMeBaHRsIþ

karerIseGIgedayRbeyal lT§pl EdlecjmkBIlkçxNÐEdlemIl

eTAeXIjdUcCaGBüaRkwt b¤kartRmÚv Edlman\T§iBlerIseGIgelI®sþI

edayKμanectna


RbRBwtþikm μxusKña cltPaBCasaFarN³edayesrIcMeBaH

burs esøókBak;y:agemck¾)anEt cMeBaH ®sþIvij esøókBak; )anEttamEbbRbéBNI

karrwtt,wtcltPaBCasaFarN³edayesrIcMeBaH ®sþI)an EtenAeBléf¶ EtKμankarrwtt,wt

EbbenaHeTcMeBaHburs .


dUcEdlelakGñkGacdwg)anfa GnusBaØasuI-dGMBavnav[mankarbM)at;ecalral;

sNæanénkarerIseGIgTaMgT,ay edayEp¥kelIniymn½yTUlMTUlayenHCamUldæan . GnusBaØaenHsgát;F¶n;elIkarminerIseGIg ehIyedayrYmpSMCamYynwgeKalkarN_ smPaBBit² Edlpþl;[GnusBaØaenHnUvmaK’ad¾TUlMTUlaymYy . karrYmbBa©Úl nUvktþananaxagelIenH nwg)aneTACaRkbxNÐkargar d¾man\T§iBlmYy edIm,IbMBit siT§iTaMgLayrbs;®sþI .

eKalkarN_TI3 ³ katBVkic©rdæPaKI

GnuelamtamGnusBaØasIu-d katBVkic©rbs;rdæPaKI cgP¢ab;Cac,ab;[Rbtibtiþtam .

karpat;ecj ³ cltPaBCasaFarN³cMeBaH®sþI)an

luHRtaEtmanbursGmdMeNIrpg


maRta 26 énGnusBaØaTIRkugvIEy:n sþIGMBIc,ab;énsn§isBaØa ¬qñaM 1969¦ Ecgfa ³ { ral;sn§isBaØaEdlcUlCaFrman cgP¢ab;Cac,ab;;[RbtibtþitamedayPaKWTaMgLay

énsn§isBaØaTaMgenaH ehIyRtÚvEt)anykeTARbtibtþitam kñúgCMenOd¾l¥RbéB }

maRta 27 Ecgfa ³ { PaKImYyminGacelwkeLIgBIbTb,BaØtþiTaMgLayénc,ab;kúñgRbeTsrbs;xøÜn mkeFVICa

karGHGag [xøÜnRtÚv kñúgxN³mankarxkxanmin)anGnuvtþsn§isBaØaeLIy } enHmann½yfardæPaKI mankarTTYlxusRtÚvtampøÚvc,ab;edIm,IRbtibtiþtameKal

karN_ nigmaRta TaMgLayénc,ab;GnþrCati EdlxøÜn)anpþl;sc©ab½n . km


rUbPaB 2> 3 katBVkic©rbs;rdæPaKIcMeBaHGnusBaØasIu-d

etIkm


katBVkic©viC¢man rbs;rd¢RtÚv)ankMNt;smÁal; RBmCamYynwgkarerobcMsßab½nnana. Ca]TahrN_ c,ab;CatiCaeRcIndUcCac,ab;kargarqñaM 1997 manFanabEnßmGMBIsiT§I

rbs; ®sþIkúñgvis½ydac;edayELkTaMgLaypgEdr . katBVkic©TaMgT,ayrbs;rdæ rYmmankarCMrujsmPaB nigbM)at;karerIseGIg .

GnusBaØasIu-d TTYlsÁal;fatamRbvtþisa®sþ RsþI)anTTYlkarerIseGIg nigCaGñkcaj;eRbobkñúgsgÁm . meFüa)ayedIm,IdkecjnUvPaBCaGñkcaj;eRbob enH KWmanEtkarGnuvtþnUv { viC¢mankic© } b¤k¾dUcEdlmaneyagkñúg GnusBaØasIu-d EdlehAfaCa { viFankarBiess }. TaMgBIrenH CaEpñkBiessénkmμviFI edIm,IseRmc)annUvsmPaBBit² sRmab;®sþIeRkamGnusBaØasIu-d .

TIlanRbECgmines μIKña


GnusBaØasIu-d bBa©ÚlnUvrebobBiesssRmab;kMNt;niymn½yénkarerIseGIg nigsmPaB . GnusBaØa sIu-d EdlCaRkbxNÐc,ab;viC¢manmYysRmab;siT§i®sþI minRbKl;siT§idl;®sþICasV½yRbvtþienaHeT . karts‘UmtisRmab;karGnuvtþbTb,BaØtþi GnusBaØa sIu-d RtÚvpSaP¢ab;eTAnwgGaNtþiGnþrCatisRmab;smPaB nig karminerIseGIgenAkRmitmUldæan .

viC¢mankic© ³ eFVI[lanRbECgesI μKañsRmab;TaMgGs;Kña

karyl;dwgGMBITsSnTanb,BaØtiþCamUldæanTaMgLayenH CaGñknaMsarmk munkarbegáItRkbxNÐkargarénkarTTYlxusRtÚvsiT§i bTb,BaØtþi KNenyüPaB nigeKalbMNgnana . bEnßmelIkarrkSaCMhrÉkraCüCaTsSnTanb,BaØtiiþmYyeday ET,kc,as;las; . eTaHCay:agNak¾eday TsSnTanb,BaØtiiþnimYy² k¾enAEt Cab;Tak;TgKñaCamYyTsSnTanb,BaØtþidéTeTot edayBRgwgKñaeTAvijeTAmkedIm,I ksagmUldæanRKwH énGnusBaØa sIu-d .


3 RkbxNÐkargar nig c,ab;TaMgLay ³ TMnak;TMngrvagsiT§iRsþI nigrdæFm μnuuBaØkm eLIgvij Ep¥kelIRbB½n§ RbCaFietyü esrIBhubkS FanasiT§imnusS eKarBc,ab;TTYlxusRtUvx


m:üageTot c,ab;kMBUlenHEfmTaMgeRCIstaMgGñkrkSa¼karBarsiT§iEdlminGac dkhUt)an ehIyEdl)anCUn eTARbCaBlrdæTaMgGs; dUcmanEføgkúñg ³ maRta 8 ³ {RBHmhakSRt RTg;CaGñkFanaÉkraCüCati GFibetyü

nigbUrNPaBTwkdIén RBHraCaNacRkkm


tarag 3>1 ³ tarageRbobeFob rdæFm μnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm


{RbCaBlrdæExμrminGacRtUv )andksBa¢ati >>> eTAvij eTAmk .} ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

{rdæPaKIRtUuvpþl;[RsþInUvsiT§ies μ IKñanwgburs kúñgkarTTYl pøas;bþÚr b¤rkSanUvsBa¢atirbs;xøÜn . >>>rbs;bþIeLIy . } ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

maRta 35 ³ {RbCaBlrdæExμrTaMgBIr ePT mansiT§icUlrYmy:ag skm μkúñgCIvPaBneya)ay esdækic© sgÁmkic© nigvb,Fm’rbs; RbeTs Cati .} ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

maRta 7 ³ siT§iman smPaBkúñgvis½yneya)ay nigsaFarNénCIvit {rdæPaKIRtUvRbkan;ykviFankarsmRsb edIm,Ilubecal ral;karerIseGIg RbqaMgnwgRsþIkúñgCIvPaBneya)ay nigsaFarN³ rbs;RbeTs nigCaBiess RtUvFanadl; RsþInUvl½kçx½NÐesμ IPaB CamYybursnUvsiT§i ³ ¬x¦ cUlrYmtak;EtgeKalneya)ayrbs;rdæ nig

karGnuvtþ eKalneya)ay kan;muxgarsaFarN³ enARKb;kRmit Can;fñak;rbs;rdæaPi)al . ¬ cMNuc x¦

¬K¦ cUlrYmkúñgGgÁkar nigsmaKm minEmnrdæaPi)al EdlBak;B½n§nwgCIvPaB saFarN³ nigneya)ay rbs;RbeTsCati .} ¬ cMNuc K¦

maRta 36 ³ {RbCaBlrdæExμrTaMgBIr ePT man siT§ieRCIserIs muxrbr smRsbtam smtßPaB rbs;xøÜn

maRta 11 ³ siT§iman smPaBkúñgsiiiT§iTTYl)ankarbMerI kargar nigsiT§ikargar { rdæPaKI RtUvcat;viFankarsmRsbTaMgGs; edIm,IbM)at; karerIseGIg RbqaMgRsþIkúñgvis½ykargar edIm,IFana edayEp¥kelImUldæansmPaBrvag burs nigRsþI


tamesckþIRtUvkar rbs;sgÁm .} ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

nUvsiT§idUcKña nigCaBiess ³ ¬k¦siT§ieFVIkargar EdlCasiT§iminGaclk;dUr epÞr

b¤dkhUt)an rbs; mnusSCatiRKb;rUb . ¬ cMNuc k¦ ¬x¦siT§iman»kaseFVIkargardUcKña >>> [eFVIkargar

dUcKña. ¬ cMNuc x¦ ¬K¦siT§ieRCIserIsedayesrI nUvviCa¢CIv³ nigkargar >>>

CaGciéRnþy_pg. ¬ cMNuc K¦ ¬X¦siT§ikúñgkarTTYl)anR)ak;bMNac;esμ IKña >>>

KuNPaBkargar.} ¬ cMNuc X¦ maRta 38 ³

{CnRKb;rUbmansiT§ikarBarxøÜn tampøÚvtulakar . } ¬kfaxNÐ 8¦

maRta 15 ³ siT§imansmPaBkúñgerOgc,ab; nigsIuvil ¬2¦{ rdæPaKIRtUvpþl;[RsþIkúñgbBaðardæb,evNI nUvzan³

nItüanukUl dUcKñanwgburs nigman»kasdUcKña edIm,I eRbI»kasenH . CaBiess rdæPaKI RtUvpþl;[RsþI nUv siT§iesμ IKñakúñgkarcuHkic©snüa nigRKb;RKgRTBü nigRtUv mankarRbRBwtþi mkelIRsþIdUcKña kúñgRKb;dMNak;kalén nItiviFIrbs;tulakar nigsalaCMrH kþI .} ¬ cMNuc TI 2¦

maRta 40 ³ {esrIPaB kúñgkaredIrehIr q¶ay Cit nigtaMgTIlMenAkúñgsßanPaB Rsbc,ab;rbs;RbCaBlrdæ RtUv )aneKarB.} ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

maRta 15 ³ siT§imansmPaBkúñgerOgc,ab; nigsIuvil ¬4¦ {rdæPaKIRtUv[bursnigRsþImansiT§idUcKñacMeBaHmux c,ab; EdlTak;Tg dl;siT§iedIrehIrrbs;buKÁl nigesrIPaB eRCIserIsnievsndæan niglMenAdæan .} ¬cMNuc TI 4¦


maRta 41 ³ { RbCaBlrdæExμrman esIPaBxagkarbeBa©j mtirbs;xøÜn esrIPaBxag sarB½t’man esrIPaBxag kare)aHBum< pSay esrIPaBkúñgkarRbCMu . CnNa >>> snþisuxCati)an eLIy .} ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

maRta 7 ³ siT§iman smPaBkúñgvis½yneya)ay nigsaFarNénCIvit { rdæPaKIRtUvRbkan;ykviFankarsmRsb>>>Fanadl;RsþInUv l½kçx½NÐesμ IPaBCamYyburs nUvsiT§i ³ ¬K¦cUlrYmkúñgGgÁkar nigsmaKm eRkArdæaPi)al

EdlBak;B½n§nwgCIvPaB saFarN³ nigneya)ayrbs; RbeTsCati .} ¬cMNuc K¦

maRta 13 ³ CIvPaBesdækic© kILa nigvb,Fm’ {rdæPaKI RtUvcat;viFankarsmRsb >>> edIm,IFana edayEp¥kelImUldæan smPaBrvagbursnig RsþInUvsiT§i dUcKña CaBiess ³ ¬K¦ siT§icUlrYmkúñgskm μPaBkMsanþ kILa nigRKb;TidæPaB

énCIvPaBvb,Fm’ .} ¬cMNuc K¦ maRta 43 ³

{RbCaBlrdæExμrTaMgBIr ePTmansiT§ieBjTIxag CMenO . } ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

maRta 13 ³ vis½yesdækic© kILa nigvb,Fm’énCIvit {rdæPaKI RtUvcat;viFankarsmRsb edIm,IbM)at; karerIseGIg RbqaMgnwgRsþI kúñgvis½yCIvPaB esdækic© nigsgÁmepSgeTot edIm,I Fana edayEp¥kelI mUldæan smPaBrvagburs nigRsþI nUvsiT§idUcKña CaBiess ³ ¬K¦siT§i cUlrYmkúñgskm μPaB kMsanþ kILa nigRKb;

TidæPaBénCIvPaBvb,Fm’ .} ¬cMNuc K¦


maRta 44 ³ {CnNak¾eday eTaHCa buKÁlkþI CasmUhPaBkþI mansiT§i Cam©as;kmμsiT§i . manEt rUbvnþbuKÁl>>> siT§ielIdIFøI . } ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

maRta 15 ³ siT§Iman smPaBkúñgerOgc,ab; nigsIuvil 2¦{rdæPaKIRtUvpþl;[RsþIkúñgbBaðardæb,evNI nUvzan³

nItüanukUl dUcKña nwgburs nigman»kasdUcKñaedIm,I eRbI»kasenH . CaBiess rdæPaKIRtUvpþl;[RsþInUv siT§iesμ IKñakúñgkarcuHkic©snüa nigkarRKb;RKgRTBü nigRtUv[mankar RbRBwtþimkelIRsþIdUcKña kúñgRKb; dMNak;kalénnItiviFIrbs;tulakar nigsala CMrHkþI .} ¬cMNuc TI 2¦

maRta 16 ³ siT§iman smPaBkúñgc,ab;RKYsar 1> {rdæPaKIRtUvcat;viFankar>>>RtUvFana[RsþInUv ³ C¦ siT§idUcKñasRmab;TaMgBIrnak;bþIRbBn§cMeBaHkmμsiT§i

karTij kar cat;Ecg karRKb;RKg karGaRs½ypl nigkarRbKl;RTBüsm,tþi eTaHeday minKitéføkþI b¤KitéføkþI .} ¬EpñkTI 1 cMNuc C¦

maRta 45 ³ {karerIseGIgRKb;RbePT RbqaMgnwgRsþIePT RtUvbM)at; ecal . } ¬kfaxNÐ 1¦

maRta 2³ katBVkic©rdæ CaTUeTA maRta 2 elIkeLIgBIkatBVkic©rbs;rdæGnuelam tamGnusBaØa nig eKalneya)ay EdlGnuBaØat[man karlubbM)at;karerIseGIgRbqaMgnwgRsþI . QrelImUldæan énkarlubbM)at;PaBerIseGIg rdæRtUveFVIkarBinitüeLIgvij nUvc,ab; rdæb,evNI c,ab;RBhμTNÐ nigc,ab;kargar . maRta7-kfaxNÐ 1


rdæPaKIRtUvRbkan;ykviFankarsmRsb edIm,Ilubecal ral; karerIseGIg RbqaMgnwgRsþIkúñgCIvPaBneya)ay nigsaFarN³ rbs;RbeTs nigCaBiess RtUvFanadl; RsþInUv l½kçx½NÐesμ IPaB CamYybursnUvsiT§i maRta10 -kfaxNÐ 1 – siT§iesμ IKñaCamYyburs kúñgvis½yénkarGb;rM { rdæPaKI

RtUv Rbkan;viFankar >>> edIm,IFana[RsþImansiT§iesμ IKña nwg burskúñgvis½y Gb;rM nigCaBiess edIm,IFanadl; RsþI edayEp¥kelImUldæanénsmPaB rvagbursnwg RsþInUv>>> }

maRta11-kfaxNÐ 1 – karTTYl)ankargar kúñgeKalbMNgFanaGMBImUldæan

énsmPaBrvag burs-RsþI { rdæPaKI RtUvcat;viFankar smRsbTaMgGs; edIm,I bM)at;karerIseGIgRbqaMgRsþI kúñgvis½ykargar edayEp¥kelImUldæan énsmPaBrvag bursnwgRsþI nUvsiT§idUcKña nigCaBiess ³>>>}

maRta12-kfaxNÐ 1 – siT§iesμ IKñarvagburs-RsþI kúñgkarTTYl)anesvasuxPaB

rYmmankar niyaydl;EpnkarRKYsar { rdæPaKIRtUvcat; viFankarsmRsbTaMgGs; edIm,IbM)at;karerIseGIg RbqaMg RsþIkúñgvis½yEfTaMsuxPaB edIm,IFana eday


Ep¥kelI mUldæanénsmPaBrvagbursnwgRsþInUvsiT§i TTYl)anesva suxaPi)al rYmmanmeFüa)ayTak;Tg nwgEpnkarRKYsarpg .}

maRta14-kfaxNÐ 2 – siT§iesμ IKñarvagburs-RsþI kúñgkarTTYl)annUvpl

RbeyaCn_BIkar GPivDÆCnbT { rdæPaKI RtUvRbkan; viFankar>>>edIm,IFana edayEp¥kelImUldæansmPaB rvagbursnwigRsþInUvkarcUlrYmrbs;RsþIkúñgkar GPivDÆn_ CnbT nigTTYl)anGtßRbeyaCn_BI karGPivDÆn_ CnbT>>> }

maRta16-kfaxNÐ 1 – ral;erOgr:avTaMgLayTak;TgnwgTMnak;TMngGaBah_

BiBah_ nigRKYsar BiessenaHRtUvmankarFanaGMBI mUldæan énsmPaBrvagburs nigRsþI {rdæPaKIRtUv cat;viFankar smRsbTaMgGs; edIm,IbM)at;karerIseGIg RbqaMgRsþIelI ral;bBaðaEdlTak;nwgGaBah_BiBah_ nigTMnak;TMngRKYsar nigCaBiess edayEp¥kelI mUldæan énsmPaB rvagburs nigRsþIRtUv Fana >>>}

maRta 65 ³ siT§iesμ IKña kúñgkarGb;rMsRmab; RbCaBlrdæRKb;rUb RtUv)an

maRta 10 ³ siT§imansmPaBkúñgkarGb;rM { rdæPaKIRtUvRbkan;ykviFankarsmRsbTaMgGs; edIm,I lubbM)at;karerIs eGIgRbqMagnwgRsþI edIm,IFana[RsþIman


TTYlsÁal; . { rdæRtUvkarBar nigelIksÞÜy siT§irbs;RbCaBlrdæ kúñgkar TTYlkarGb;rM RbkbedayKuN PaB >>> edIm,I[kar Gb;rMenH)an eTAdl;RbCaBl rdæRKb; rUb. } ¬maRta65-kfaxNÐ1¦

siT§iesμ IKñanwgburs kúñgvis½y Gb;rM>>>}. ¬ kfaxNÐ 1 ¦

maRta 72 ³ {suxPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ RtUv)anFana. rdæykcitþ Tukdak; >>>nigmnÞIrsmÖB saFarN³ . } ¬maRta72-kfaxNÐ 1 ¦

maRta 12 ³ siT§imansmPaBkúñgkarTTYl)anesva suxPaB { rdæPaKI RtUvRbkan;ykviFankarsmRsbTaMgGs; edIm,IlubbM)at;karerIs eGIgRbqMagnwgRsþI edIm,IFana edayEp¥kelI mUldæansmPaB rvagburs nigRsþInUvsiT§i TTYlesva suxaPi)al rYmmanmeFüa)ayTak;Tgnwg Epnkar RKYsarpg . } ¬ kfaxNÐ 1 ¦


bTb,BaØtþiTaMgLaysRmab;siT§iRsþI ³ c,ab;énRBHraCaNacRkkm


maRta 106 ³ {cMeBaHkargar Edlmanl½kçx½NÐdUcKña PaBbuinRbsb;xag viC¢aCIv³nigplEdleFVI )anes μ IKña R)ak;QñÜlRtUv[esμ IKñadl;kmμkrnignieyaCikTaMgGs;RtUvsßitenAeRkam»vaTén c,ab;enH eTaHmanedImkMeNItePT b¤Gayub:unμank¾eday } . maRta 182 ³

: >>> RtUvhamXat;min[nieyaCkbBaÄb;RsþI BIkargarenAeBlQb;qøgTenø b¤enA éf¶cugeRkaykúñgeBlQb;sMralkUn eTaH[dMNwgkñúgeBlQb;sMrakk¾eday} .

maRta 219 ³

{kalebIcMkarNamYyeRbIkm μkr nieyaCikCab;lab;CaePTRsI mancMnYnBImYyrynak; eLIgeTA GFikarkargarGaccat;bgÁab;[nieyaCk sg; erobcM b¤ EfTaM TarkdæanmYy enACiteKsñak;enA tamkarENnaMBIRkumGnam½y nigGPi)alextþ-Rkug >>> . c,ab;GaBah_BiBah_ nig RKYsar ¬1989¦ c,ab;GaBah_BiBah_ nigRKYsarRtUv)anGnum½t edayrdæsPaCati BIéf¶17 Exkkáda 1989 kúñgkic©RbCMusamBaØelIkTI 17 énGaNtþiTI 1 rbs;rdæsPaCatiénrdækmú


maRta 1 )anEcgfa ³

{c,ab;sþIBIGaBah_BiBah_ nigRKYsar edayEp¥kelImaRta7 nigmaRta8 énrdæFm μnuBaØ énrdækm


maRta 33 ³ bTrMelaPesBsnßv 1³ CnNak¾edayEdlrMelaPesBsnßv³ b¤ b:unb:gsMelaPesBsnßv³elICnmñak;

eTot eTaHePTdUcKña b¤mindUcKñak¾eday RtUvmaneTasBIbTesBsnßv³ ehIypþnÞaeTas dak;KukCabT]RkidæBI 5qñaM eTA 10qñaM .

2³ bTrMelaPesBsnßv³ KwRKb;GMeBIbBa©ÚlGgÁCatieday eXareXA edaybgçM b¤ edaymindwgxøÜnCamun . RbsinebIkarrMelaPesBsnßv³)anRtUvRbRBwtþeLIg edaykarKMramkMEhgnwgGavuFeTAelIRsþImanépÞeBaH elICnmanCMgw b¤ Cnmanstivibløas b¤ CnBikarragkay b¤eFVIeLIgedaymanGñkRbRBWtþBIrnak; b¤eRcInnak; b¤edaymanGñksmKMnit b¤ebIkaresBsnßv³enaHRtUvRbRBWtþeLIg edayCnEdlmanGMNacelIGñkrgeRKaHTNÐkmμEdlRtUvGnuvtþdak;KukCabT]RkidæBI 10qñaM eTA 15qñaM . maRta 41 ³ GMeBIbgárbYsedayectna

1³ CnNavaytb; bNþaleGaymanrbYs EdlnaMeGayBikarCaGciéRnþy_ b¤ BikarbeNþaHGasnñ kñúgry³eBlelIsBI 6Ex edayectna RtUvmaneTasBIbTbgárbYs edayectna ehIyRtUvpþnÞaeTasdak;KukBI 1qñaM eTA 5qñaM .

2³ ebIBikarPaBbeNþaHGasnñenaHBicCag 6Ex RtUvpþnÞaeTasdak;KukCnenaHBI 6Ex eTAdl; 2qñaM .

3³ ebIKμanBikarPaBeT eTasEdlRtUvkMNt;pþnÞaKwdak;KukBI 2Ex eTA 1qñaM . 4³ ebIkarvaytb;enaH eFVIeLIgedayeRbIGavuFRbePTNamYy kMriteTasRtUveTVmYy

CaBIr .


maRta 42 ³ GMeBIebotebondl;ekrá×xμas; 1³ CnNaEdlebotebondl;ekrá×xμas;énCnNamñak;eTot EdlmanePTdUcKña

b¤mindUcKñaedayRbRBWtþeTAelICnenaH tamkarsÞabGEg¥l b¤GMeBIepSgeTotTak;Tg nwgerOgePT b:EnþBMu)andl;TICeRmA RtUvmaneTasBIbTebotebondl;ekrá×x μas; ehIyRtUvpþnÞaeTasdak; KukBI 1qñaM eTA 3qñaM .

2³ ebIkarebotebondl;ekrþ×xμas;enaH eFVIeLIgedaykarbnøM edayGMeBIhwgSa edaykarKMramkMEhg ebIGñkrgeRKaHmanGayuticCag 16qñaM b¤ GñkRbRBWtþGMeBIenaH CaGñkmanGMNacelICnrgeRKaH kMritpþnÞaeTasRtUveTVmYyCaBIr .

3³ nWgRtUvpþnÞaeTasdak;KukBI 2qñaM eTA 6qñaMEdr cMeBaHCnNaEdl)anl,Üg GUsTaj b¤ bEgVgKMnitGnItiCnedIm,IeFVIeBsüacar b¤eFVIGaCivkmμeBsüacarelIGnItiCn eTaHbImankarRBmeRBogk¾eday .

rIÉcMeBaH]Rkidækm μrMelaPpøÚvePTvij kardak;eTasdl;GñkRbRBwtþbTelμ IsRtUv)an temøIg[F¶n;enAkñúgc,ab; :sþIBIkrNIF¶n;F¶rénbT]Rkidæ : ¬viesaFnkm μénc,ab;G‘untak;¦ mandUcteTA ³ maRta 5 ³

1³ CnNak¾edayEdlrMelaPesBsnßv³ b¤ b:unb:gsMelaPesBsnßv³elI Cnmñak;eTot eTaHePTdUcKña b¤mindUcKñak¾eday RtUvmaneTasBIbTesBsnßv³ ehIypþnÞaeTasdak;KukCabT]RkidæBI 10qñaM eTA 15qñaM .

2³ bTrMelaPesBsnßv³ KwRKb;GMeBIbBa©ÚlGgÁCatieday eXareXA edaybgçM b¤ edaymindwgxøÜnCamun . RbsinebIkarrMelaPesBsnßv³)anRtUvRbRBwtþeLIg


edaykarKMramkMEhgnwgGavuFeTAelIRsþImanépÞeBaH elICnmanCMgw b¤ Cnman stivibløas b¤ CnBikarragkay b¤GnItiCnGayuticCag 14qñaM eFVIeLIgedayman GñkRbRBWtþBIrnak; b¤eRcInnak; b¤edaymanGñksmKMnit b¤ebIkaresBsnßv³enaHRtUv RbRBWtþeLIgedayCnEdlmanGMNacelIGñkrgeRKaH TNÐkmμEdlRtUvGnuvtþdak; KukCabT]RkidæBI 15qñaM eTA 20qñaM .

k¾b:uEnþc,ab;enH enAEtminRKb;RKan;edIm,Ipþl;karkarBars½kþisiT§sRmab;siT§iRsþI [rYc

putBIGMeBIhwgSa dUecñHcaM)ac;RtUvEtmanc,ab;d¾éTeTot . karb®gáabGMeBIBRgt;niglk;dUrmnusS nigGMeBIeFVIGaCIvkm μelImnusS ¬1996¦ kñúgesckþIb:gedIm,IkarBarRsþIBIkarCYjdUrsRmab;kareFVIGaCIvkm μpøÚvePT c,ab;sþI BI: karb®gáabGMeBIBRgt;niglk;dUrmnusS nigGMeBIeFVIGaCIvkmμelImnusS RtUv)anGnum½t kñúgqñaM 1996 . c,ab;enHRKbdNþb;minRtwmEtelIkarlk;dUrb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgeTAelI karhamXat; GñkBBaynaylk;pøÚvePT GMeBIGasGaPas b¤Gnacar pgEdr . maRta 3 ³

CnNaGUsTajmnusS eTaHbICaRsIb¤Rbus GnItiCnb¤nItiCn mansBa¢atiGVIk¾eday edayviFIlYgelam snüa[R)ak;kasb¤eRKOgGlgáarb¤tamviFINak¾eday eTaHbIsamIxøÜn suxcitþb¤minsuxcitþ edayviFIbgçitbgçM KMramkMEhgb¤eRbIfñaMsNþMsμartInigstiGarmμN_


edIm,IBRgt;ykeTAlk;b¤ykeTAeFVIeBsüacar CnenaHRtUvpþnÞaeTasdak;Bn§naKarBI 10qñaM dl; 15qñaM . ebICnrgeRKaHCaGnItiCnGayuticCag 15qñaM RtUvpþnÞaeTasdak;Bn§naKarBI 15qñaM dl; 20qñaM .

GñksmKMnit Gñklk; GñkTTYlTijb¤TTYlyk RtUvmaneTasdUcGñkRbRBWtþEdr . RtUvcat;TukCaGñksmKMnitEdr GñkEdlpþl;R)ak;b¤pþl;meFüa)ayepSg²sRmab;

RbRBWtþbTelμ Is . meFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún smÖar³nigRTBüsm,tþieRbIR)as; kñúgeBlRbRBWtþbTel μ IsRtUvrWb

GUsCasm,tþirdæ . maRta 7 ³

CnNaEdlebIkkEnøgsRmab;RbRBWtþGMeBIGnacarb¤GMeBIGasGaPasepSg² RtUvpþnÞa eTasdak;Bn§naKarBI 1qñaM dl; 5qñaM nigBin½yCaR)ak;BI 5>000>000erol : R)aMlanerol : dl; 30>000>000erol : samsiblanerol : . kñúgkrNIminragcal RtUvpþnÞaeTas eTVCaBIr . maRta 8 ³

CnNaEdl)anRbRBWtþGnacar elIGnItiCnGayueRkam 15qñaM eTaHbIGnItiCnenaH s μ ½RKcitþkþIb¤edayTijekμgenaHBIGñkdéTkþIb¤TijBICnCaemeBsüakþI CnenaHRtUvpþnÞaeTas dak;Bn§naKarBI 10qñaM dl; 20qñaM . kñúgkrNIminragcal RtUvykGtibrmaéneTas mkGnuvtþ .


tulakarGacykGnueTasRtg;sßanbnßysiT§isIuvil nighamsñak;GaRs½ymkpþnÞa bEnßmelImUleTasxagelIenaH)an .

c,ab;enHRtUv)aneRbIkñúgtulakar edIm,IykGñkRbRBwtþbTelμ IseTAvinicä½y nigdak; eTasBI]Rkidækm μTaMgLayEdlmankMNt;enAkñúgc,ab;enH . k¾b:uEnþc,ab;enHenAmancenøaH RbehageRcIn . Ca]TahrN_ Kμanniymn½ysRmab; vaküs½BÞKnøwHnana K μanniymn½y sRmab;vaküs½BÞ karlk;dUr . BRgagc,ab;edIm,ICMnYsc,ab;bc©úb,nñ RtUv)anTTYlkar BiPakSaGs;ry³CitmYyTsSvtþmkehIy ehIyenAEtminTan;RtUv)anbBa¢ÜneTAsPa CatienAeLIyeT. c,ab;Tb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakúñgRKYsar nig kic©karBarCnrgeRKaH

kñúgqñaM 2005 c,ab;Tb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakúñgRKYsar nig kic©karBarCnrgeRKaH RtUv)anGnum½t . c,ab;enHENnaM[sÁal;ynþkarN_f μI² sRmab;GñkrgeRKaHBIGMeBI hwgSakñúgRKYsar . maRta 1 )anEcgfa ³

{c,ab;enHmaneKalbMNgTb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakúñgRKYsar karBarCnrgeRKaHnigBRgwg vb,Fm’GhigSa nigPaBsuxdumrmnakúñgRKsarkúñgsgÁmenARBHraCaNacRkkm


c,ab;enHRtUv)anGnum½t bnÞab;BImankarCECkedjedalKñaGs;ry³mYyTsSvtþ kñúgbNþasgÁmsIuvil rYmTaMgenArdæsPapg . karGnum½tc,ab;enHRtUv)anTTYl sÁal;faCaCMhanmYyd¾sMxan;kñúkarkarBarRsþI fVIt,itEtc,ab;enHminEmnRKan;Et karBarRsþI BIGMeBIhwgSab:ueNÑaHeT kumark_RtUv)ankarBar sUm,IEtbursk_RtUv)ankarBarpgEdr . k¾b:uEnþkarGnuvtþenAmankMritenAeLIy dUecñHehIykarRbwgERbgbEnßmeTot enAEtRtUvkar kñúgbNþamRnþIGnuvtþc,ab; GaCJaFrEdndI nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilnana . ehtuGVI)anCa karecHdwgBIbTb,BaØtþiTaMgGs;enaH mansar³sMxan;?

enAeBlEdlGñkeFVIxøÜnGñk[sÁal;c,as;BImatikaénc,ab;Catikm


manPaBeCOnelOnKYr[kt;smÁal; kúñgkarbegáIt[manTIRbECgCasßab½nes μ IKña rvagRsþI nigburs . sßanPaBenH ebIkpøÚv[manbriyakasEdl[plcMeBaH karkarBarsiT§ies μ IKña rbs;RsþI . CaGkusl karBitKWxusEbøk BIenHy:agxøaMg . karritbnþwgBIsgÁmvb,Fm’ nigGsmtßPaB kúñgkarGnuvtþc,ab; enHmann½yfa karBitc,ab;TaMgenaHmankarGnuvtþtictYcNas; ehIyyuT§saRsþk¾minTan;)anGnuvtþ eBjeljeTot . karRbwgERbgBRgwg smtßPaBGnuvtþc,ab;énPñak;gartulakar nigrdæ)almansar³sMxan;caM)ac;dac;xat ebIsinCaeyIgcg;sMerc)ansmPaBeynD½r kúñgsiT§iCamUldæan .

GnusBaØasIu-d

karBarRsþITUTaMg RbeTs nUvral;sßanPaBénCIvit kñúgRKYsar nigsgÁmRBm

TaMgnUv ral;sßanPaBkargar .


4

ynþkarsMrab; rebobvar³ smPaBeynD½rRbcaM shsSvtSr_

xN³EdlkarlUtlas;GacekItmanedayKμankarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk Etkarkat;bnßy PaBRkIRk minGacekItmanedayKμankarlUtlas;enaHeT . karlUtlas;KWCaGavuFd¾ BUEkbMputkñúgkarRbyuT§ nwgPaBRkIRk .

yuT§sa®sþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk

eKaledAGPivDÆn_RbcaMshsSvtSr_

eKaledAGPivDÆn_RbcaMshsSvtSr_ RbsURtecjmkBIesckþIRbkasshsSvtSr_ EdlCakaryl;RBmrYmCasakl tamEbbkugsg;s‘us RBmeRBogKñakñúgqñaM2000 edayRbeTsCasmaCikcMnYn189 énGgÁkarshRbCaCati . esckþIRbkasenH )anelIkeT,IgnUvTsSnb,BaØtþi énBiPBelakmYy GMBIlkçxNÐEdlRtÚv)anEklm¥ sRmab;mnusSRKb;rUb rYmmankarlubbM)at;PaBRkIRk snþiPaB nigsnþisux kic©karBarbrisßan siT§imnusS nigRbCaFibetyü . bBaðaGnþrvis½ymYyenARKb; eKaledATaMgenaH KWsiT§irbs;®sþIdUcEdleK)anTTYlsÁal;Casaklfa kareFVI[ zan³rbs;RsþI nigCIvitrbs;BYkeKRbesIreT,Ig KWCakUnesasRmab;ebIkTVar[karGPivDÆ kMritCIvPaBrs;enAkan;Etx


EtEdlCaGkusl cMnYnRbEhl 70° éncMnYnBYkeK CaGñkRkkúñgsaklelak BYkeKRtUv Et)anrab;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgdMeNIrkareFVI[seRmceKalbMNgGPivDÆn_ shsSvtSr_enH . eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_man ³

1- lubbM)at;PaBRkIRknigPaBGt;Xøan 2- seRmcnUvkarGb;rMbzmsikSaCasakl 3- elIksÞÜysmPaBeynD½r nigpþl;GMNacdl;®sþI 4- kat;bnßymrN³rbs;kumar 5- BRgwgsuxPaBrbs;mata 6- RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCMgWeGds_ CMgWRKuncaj; nigCMgWdéTeTot 7- FanaecrPaBbrisßan 8- BRgIkPaBCaédKUCasakl sRmab;kic©GPivDÆ

¬dkRsg;ecjBIesovePA maK’aeq8¦

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km


enA elIRbmaN 12° éncMnYndIPUmirbs;Exμr dUecñHkm


nigneya)ay . eKalkarN_ bursEckrMElkGMNac nigkarTTYlxusRtÚvTaMgT,ay Kb,IeFVIeT,IgCamYy®sþIenAtampÞH kEnøgeFVIkargar shKmn_Cati nigGnþrCati [ )ankan;EtTUlMTUlay . smPaBrvagRsþI nigburs KWCaerOgsiT§imnusS nigCalkçxNÐ mYysRmab;yutþiFm’sgÁm ehIyk¾CaktþamUldæan caM)ac;EdlRtUvbMeBjCabzm sRmab;smPaB vDÆnPaB nigsnþiPaB . PaBCaédKUEdl)anbMElg Ep¥kelI mUldæansmPaB rvagRsþI nig burs KWCalkçxNÐmYysRmab; GPivDÆn_Rbkbeday ecrPaB EdlmanmCÄdæankñúgRbCaBlrdæ . kñúgkarebþCJacitþRbkb edayecrPaB nigry³eBlEvg mansar³sMxan;edIm,IeFVI[RsþI nigbursGaceFVIkargarCamYyKña edIm,IBYkeKTaMgGs;Kña kUnecArbs;eK nigsRmab;sgÁmeK edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða RbQmRbECg enAstvtS TI21 .

vis½ysMxan;bMput cMnYn12 énevTikaeb:kaMgsRmab;kic© man ³

• ®sþI nigPaBRkIRk • karGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalrbs;®sþI • suxPaB®sþI • higSaelI®sþI • ®sþInigCemøaHRbdab;GavuF • ®sþInigesdækic© • ®sþIenAkñúgGMNac nigkareFVIesckþI

seRmccitþ

• ynþkarsßab½nedIm,IeFVI[ceRmIn eTAmuxsRmab;®sþI

• siT§imnusSrbs;®sþI • ®sþI nigRbB½n§pSBVpSay • ®sþI nigbrisßan • kumarI


TMnak;TMngrvageKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sakl eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km


kat;bnßynUvPaBRkIRkF¶n;F¶r nigPaBGt;Xøan

eKaledArYm ³ sMrab; qñaM 2015 kat;bnßyBak;kNþal nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlmancMNUlticCag

1 duløa kñúgmYyéf¶ kat;bnßyBak;kNþal nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlmankarGt;Xøan

GnusBaØsIu-dmaRta 11 ³ karbMerIkargar - rdæaPi)alFanasmPaBCUncMeBaHRsþIenA

RKb;muxénkarbMerIkargar CaBiess Bak;B½n§ nwg»kasesμ IKña kareRCIserIs viC¢aCIv³edayesrI bMNac;nana lkçxNÐ énesvakargar karTTYl)ankarbNþúH bNþalviC¢aCIv³ nig karTTYl)anéfø QñÜles μ IKña sMrab;kargar mantMél esμ IKña .

maRta 13 ³ vis½yesdækic© kILa nigvb,Fm’énCIvit

- rdæaPi)alRtUvFanafaRsþIRtUvTTYl)an nUvPaBesμ IKña kúñgvis½yesdækic© nigsgÁm

- RsþIRtUvTTYl)anPaBesμ IKñakúñgkarTTYl

EpnkarskmμPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ A.2 ³ - BinitüeLIgvijnUvc,ab; nigkarGnuvtþ

rdæ)al edIm,IFanasiT§iesμ IKñarbs;RsþI nig»kasTTYl)annUvFnFanesdækic© .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ A.3 ³ - pþl;[RsþITTYlnUvkarsnSMR)ak; ynþkar

\NTan nigkarbegáItsßab½n kúñgvis½y enH .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ A. 4 ³ - GPivDÆviFIsaRsþEp¥kelI eynD½r nig

eFVIkarRsavRCav edIm,IedaHRsay PaBRkIRkrbs;RsþI .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ F.1 ³ - elIksÞÜynUvsiT§iesdækic© nigÉkraCPaB

rbs;RsþIrYmTaMg»kasTTYlkargar lkçxNÐkargarsmrmü nigkarRKb;RKg

1 eKaledATI


bMNac;sRmab;RKYsarkarx©IR)ak; nigral; sNæanén\NTan

maRta 14 ³ RsþICnbT - rdæaPi)alRtUvFana[tRmUvkareday

ELkrbs;RsþIenACnbTRtUv)anedaH RsayrYmmankarTTYl)anesva »kas bNþúHbNþal nigkarbMerIkargarRBm TaMgkmμviFIsmFm’sgÁm ehIyGnum½t c,ab; edIm,IlubbM)at;karerIseGIg RbqaMgnwgBYkeK .

maRta 15 ³ smPaBcMeBaHmuxc,ab; - rdæaPi)alRtUvpþl;cMeBaHRsþI nUvsmPaB

CamYynwgburscMeBaHmuxc,ab; rYmman siT§i cUlrYmkúñgkarcuHkic©snüakúñgkar GPi)al RTBüsm,tþi kúñgkarkat;kþIkúñg tulakar b¤salakþI nigkúñgkareRCIserIs lMenAsßan nigTIkEnøgrs;enA .

maRta 16 ³ GaBah_BiBah_ nig c,ab; - rdæaPi)alRtUvFanafaRsþI nigbursman

siT§iesμ IKñakúñgGaBah_BiBah_ nigkúñgCIvit RKYsar .

- CaBiessman siT§idUcKñarvagbþIRbBn§kúñg karTTYlxusRtUv km μsiT§iRTBüsm,tþi

FnFanesdækic© .eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ F.2 ³ - sRmYldl;»kasesμ IKñarbs;RsþI kúñgkar

TTYlnUv FnFan kargarTIpSar nigBaNiC¢kmμ .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ F.3 ³ - pþl;esvakm μCMnYj karbNþúHbNþal

nig»kas TIpSar B½t’man nigbec©kviTüa CaBiess cMeBaH RsþIEdlmanR)ak; cMNUlTab .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ F.4 ³ - BRgwgsmtßPaBesdækic© nigbNþaj

BaNiC¢kmμ rbs;RsþI. eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ F.5 ³ - lubbM)at;ral;karEbgEckvNÑ³kúñg

kargar nig karerIseGIgkargarRKb; rUbPaB .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ F.6 ³ - elIksÞÜyPaBsuxdumrmnaénkargar

nigkarTTYl xusRtUvcMeBaHRKYsarRsþI nigburs .

sUcnakrrbs; yUT§saRsþGPivvDÆn_Cati y>G>C


kúñg GaBah_BiBah_nigkarElglHRBmTaMgmansiT§iesμ IKña enAmuxerOgTak;Tg nwgkMeNItkUn karsMukUnmkciBa©wm

- RBmTaMgkarciBa©wmbI)ac;kUn .

cMnucedAsUcnakr 2004 2010 kMrwtRkIRk % én RbCaBlrdÐsrub

34.7% 25%

seRmckarGb;rM cb;fñak;bzmsikSaTUeTA eKaledArYm ³ sMrab; qñaM 2015

Fana[kumarTaMgGs; )anbBa©b;karbzmsikSakúñgqñaM 2010 nig)anbBa©b; karsikSa9qñaM CamUldæanenAqñaM 2015 .

GnusBaØasIu-dmaRta 10 ³ siT§iesμ IKñakúñgkarGb;rM - rdæaPi)alRtUvGnum½tc,ab; edIm,IlubbM)at;

karerIseGIgRbqaMgnignarIePTkúñgkarGb;rM. krNIenH rYmTaMgpþl;[RsþI nigburs[ TTYl)an ³

karGb;rM nigkarENnaMGMBIviC¢aCIv³ muxvC¢aeronnigbTdæandUcKña karGb;rMmnusSFM nig

EpnkarskmμPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ B.1 ³ - Fana»kasTTYl)ankarGb;rMesμ IKña eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ L.4 ³ - lubbM)at;karerIseGIg elIekμgRsIkúñg

karGb;rMBRgIkCMnaj nigkar bNþúHbNþal .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ B.4 ³ - GPivDÆkarGb;rM nigkarbNþúHbNþal

2 eKaledATI


B½t’manBIEpnkarRKYsar maRta 14 ³ RsþICnbT - rdæaPi)alRtUvFana[tRmUvkaredayELk

rbs;RsþIenACnbT RtUv)anedaHRsay Tak;Tg nwgkarTTYl)an esvanana karbNþúHbNþal nigkarGb;rM .

Gnusasn_TUeTA TI 19 - Rbkan;ykPaBRtwmRtUvtampøÚvc,ab; nig

viFankardéT eTot edIm,Ipþl;karkarBar RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB RbqaMgcMeBaH GMeBIhigSaTak;Tg nwgeynD½r .

EdlKμankarerIseGIg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ B.5 ³ - EsVgrkkarKaMRTEpñkFnFan[)an

RKb;RKan; sRmab;RtYtBinitü karGnuvtþ nigkarEkTRmg;vis½y Gb;rM .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ L.7. ³ - lubbM)at;GMeBIhigSaelIkumarI .

sUcnakrrbs;

yUT§saRsþGPivvDÆn_Cati yGC

cMnucedA/sUcnakr 2005 2010 cMnYnsisSnarI cuHeQ μaH cYleronbFmsikSa 90% 100% cMnYnsisSnarIcuHeQμaH cYleron mFümsikSa 24.8 75%


elIkkMBs;smPaBeynD½r nigpþl;GMNacRsI eKaledArYm ³ sMrab; qñaM 2015

lubbM)at;nUvPaBxusKñaEpñkeynD½r kúñgkarGb;rM 9 qñaM CamUldæan kat;bnßy[)aneRcInKMlateynD½r kúñgkarGb;rMenA mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi nigkar

Gb;rMenA]tþmsikSa lubbM)at; PaBxusKñaEpñkeynD½r BIkarTTYléføQñÜlkñúgkarbMerIkargar enARKb;vis½y

kñúgesdækic© lubbM)at;nUvKMlatEpñkeynD½r kúñgCYrrdæaPi)al . begáInsmmaRtRsIkñúgrdæsPa[)an30° nigRkumRbwkSaXMu[)an25° .

GnusBaØasIu-dmaRta 2 ³ viFankaréneKalneya)ay

EdlRtUvGnum½tyk - bBa©ÚlnUveKalkarN_énsmPaBrvagRsþI

nigburs kúñgGgÁénrdæFm μnuBaØCati TaMgenHrYmmankarlubecalnUv

ral;c,ab; TMenomTmøab; nigbTbBa¢aTaMgLayNa EdlmanPaBerIseGIg

Gnum½tviFankarc,ab; edIm,I hamR)amral; sNæanénkar

EpnkarskmμPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ I.1 ³ - Fana[mansmPaB nigkarmin

erIseGIg cMeBaHc,ab; nigkúñg karGnuvtþpÞal; .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ H.2 ³ - bBa©ÚlTsSn³eynD½reTAkúñgc,ab;

eKalneya)aysaFarN³ kmμviFI nig KeRmag.

3 eKaledATI


erIseGIgRbqMagnwgnarIePT edIm,IFana [mankarTTYl)an nUvkic©karBar [cakputBI karerIseGIg tamry³salakþI nana b¤tamry³sßab½nsaFarN³ déTeTot .

Gnusasn_TUeTA TI 6 ³ - begáIteLIg nig¼b¤ BRgwgRbsiT§PaBynþ

karCati Edl)anKaMRTedaykarbRBa¢ab eynD½renAkúñgRKb; RksYgénrdæaPi)al ehIyCYytak;EtgnUveKal neya)ayfμ I² ehIyGnuvtþ[manRbsiT§PaBnUv yuT§saRsþ nigviFankar edIm,IlubbM)at; karerIseGIg .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ H.3 ³ - begáIt nigpSBVpSayTinñn½ynig

B½t’man Tak;TgnwgeynD½rEdl)an EbkExJkBI KñasRmab;karerobcM Epnkar nigkar vaytémø.

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ H.1 ³ - begáIt nigBRgwgk,alm:asIundwknaM

fñak;Cati nigsßab½nrdæaPi)al epSg²eTot .


cMnucedA/sUcnakr 2005 2010 bRBaa¢beynD½r enARKb;vis½y nigerobcM GRtaRsþIEdleFVIkar)anR)ak;kMér kñúgvis½yksikm μ ]sSahkmμ esvakm μ

52.5%;

53.7%;

27%

50%;

50%;

37%

kMrwtEdlyl;dwgBI fahwgSakñúgRKYsarRbqaMgnigRsþI CabT]Rkit

4.5% 25%


kat;bnßyGRtamrN³rbs;kumar nigbegáInsuxPaBmata

eKaledArYm ³ sMrab; qñaM 2015

kat;bnßy[)aneRcIn nUvral;sNæanénGMeBIhigSa RbqaMgRsþI nigkumar kat;bnßyGRtasøab;rbs;kumar eRkamGayuR)aMqñaM kat;bnßyGRtasøab;rbs;mata GnusBaØasIu-d

maRta 10 ³ siT§iTTYlkarGb;rM - rdæaPi)alRtUvlubbM)at;karerIseGIgkúñg

karGb;rM edIm,IFana[RsþI)anTTYl B½t’manBIkarGb;rM EdlFana dl;suxPaB nigsuxumalPaBénRKYsarrYmman B½t’man nigeyabl;RbwkSaGMBIEpnkarRKYsar .

maRta 12 ³ karEfTaMsuxPaB - rdæaPi)alRtUvGnum½tc,ab;lubbM)at;karerI

seGIg RbqaMgcMeBaHRsþIkúñgvis½ysuxPaB ehIypþl;[TTYl )annUvesvaEfTaM suxPaBelImUldæanénkarTTYl)an esμ IKña rYmTaMgesvaTak;TgnwgeFVIEpnkar

EpnkarskmμPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ C.1 ³ - begáIn»kasdl;RsþIeBjmYyCIvit

edIm,ITTYl)ankarKaMBarsuxPaB [)an smrmü RKb;RKan; nigRbkbeday KuNPaB RBmTaMgTTYl)anB½t’man nig esvakm μepSg² .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ C.2 ³ - BRgwgkm μviFIcak;fñaMbgáarTaMgLayEdle

lIksÞÜysuxPaBRsþI . eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ C.3 ³ - GnuvtþKMnitpþÜcepþImeqøIytbnwgeynD½r

EdledaHRsayCMgWqøgtampøÚvePT CMgWeGds_ nigbBaðasuxPaBbnþBUC nig suxPaBpøÚvePT .

4 & 5 eKaledATI


RKYsar pgEdr . maRta 14 ³ RsþICnbT - rdæaPi)alRtUvFanasiT§i;RsþImanTIsRmYl

esvasuxPaB RKb;RKan; rYYmmanB½t’man karpþl;karBieRKaHeyabl; nigesva EpnkarRKYsar .

Gnusasn_TUeTA TI 19 ³ - rdæaPi)alRtUvlubbM)at;ral;sNæanénGM

eBIhigSaTak;TgnwgeynD½r RbqaMgRsþI .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ C.4 ³ - elIksÞÜykarRsavRCav nigpSBVpSay

B½t’man GMBIsuxPaBRsþI . eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ C.5 ³ - BRgIkFnFan nigRtYtBinitükartam dan

cMeBaHsuxPaBrbs;RsþI . eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ L.5 ³ - lubbM)at;karerIseGIgcMeBaHnarIelI

suxPaB nigGaharbMb:n .


cMnucedA/sUcnakr 2005 2010 GRtasøab;énkuumar kñúgcMnYn 1000 nak; 66% 60% GRtasøab;énkuumar eRkam5qñaM kñúgcMnYn 1000 nak; 82% 75% kat;bnßyGRtasøab;énmata1 243 begáItkUnedayqμbEdlmanbec©keTs2 70 RsþIeRbIBIFIsaRsþEpnkarmankUntambec©mankeTsTMenIb3 Methods 20.1% 44% PaKryénmnÞIreBTüEdlpþl;esvasuxPaBpøÚvePT 33% 45%

1 Maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live birth 2 Birth attended by skilled health personnel 3 Married women using modern birth spacing methods


RbyuT§nwgCMgWeGds_ RKuncaj; nigCMgWepSg²

eKaledArYm ³ sMrab; qñaM 2015 kat;bnßyGRtaénkarrIkraldalén HIV nigCMgWeGds_ RKuncaj; CMgWRKunQam nigCMgWrebg .

GnusBaØasIu-dmaRta 5 ³ tYnaTIePT nig pñt;KMnit - rdæaPi)alRtUvmanviFankarEkERbrebobrbb

sgÁm nig vb,Fm’ éncriyamaryaTrbs; burs-RsþI edIm,Ilub bM)at;pñt;KMnitnana EdlmanrYmkarlubbM)at;pñt;KMnit sgÁm nigvb,Fm’ nigkarRbtibtþinana Ep¥kelI vismPaBeynD½r .

maRta 7 ³ vis½yneya)ay nigsaFarN³ énCIvit - rdæaPi)alRtUvFanasiT§irbs;RsþI[cUlrYmkúñg

kartak; Etg nigGnuvtþeKalneya)aykan; dMENgkariyal½y saFarN³ ehIysEmþg bMerImuxgarsaFarN³ enARKb; Can;fñak; rdæaPi)al .

maRta 11 ³ siT§ibMerIkargar

EpnkarskmμPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ L.2 ³ - lubbM)at;ecalnUv\riyabf nigkar

Rbtibtþivb,Fm’GviC¢man cMeBaHnarI. eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ D.1 ³ - cat;viFankardak;bBa©ÚlKñaedIm,ITb;sáat;

niglubbM)at;ecalGMeBIhigSaelIRsþI. eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ F.1 ³ - elIksÞÜysiT§iesdækic©rbs;RsþI nigPaB

m©as;kar rYmTaMg»kasTTYl)an kargar lkçxNÐkargarsmrmü nigkarRKb;RKgelIFnFanesdækic© .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ C.1 ³ - begáIn»kaskúñgCIvitrbs;RsþI [TTYl

)ankarKaMBarsuxPaBsmrmü RKb;RKan; nigRbkbedayKuNPaB RBmTaMgTTYl )anB½t’man nigesvaEdlBak;B½n§ epSg² .

6 eKaledATI


- rdæaPi)alRtUvlubbM)at;karerIseGIgRbqaMg RsþI edIm,I FanasiT§iesμ IKña sRmab;burs-RsþI kúñgkarbMerIkargar .

maRta 12 ³ siT§imansuxPaB - rdæaPi)alRtUvFanasiT§irbs;RsþI

[TTYl)anesμ IKña nUvesvaEfTaMsuxPaB . maRta 15 ³ smPaBkúñgvis½yc,ab; - rdæaPi)alRtUvFanacMeBaHburs-RsþI nUvsiT§i

esμ IKñakúñgpøÚv c,ab; Tak;Tgnwgkic©snüanana nigkm μsiT§i .

maRta 16 ³ smPaBkúñgGaBah_BiBah_ - rdæaPi)alRtUvFana smPaBrvagburs

nigRsþIkúñgkar erobGaBah_BiBah_ nigCIvit RKYsar .

Gnusasn_TUeTA TI 15 ³ - ecosvagkarerIseGIgRbqaMgRsþIkúñgyuT§

saRsþCatibgáar nigRtYtBinitüCMgWeGds_ . Gnusasn_TUeTA TI 19 ³ - lubbM)at;ral;sNæanénGMeBIhigSaTak;Tg

nwgeynD½r RbqaMgRsþI .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ C.3 ³ - GnuvtþnUvKMnitpþÜcepþImeqøIytbeynD½r

edIm,IedaHRsayCMgWqøgtampøÚvePT CMgWeGds_ nigbBaðasuxPaBbnþBUC nigsuxPaBpøÚvePT .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ G.4 ³ - cat;viFankar edIm,IFana»kasesμ IKña

rbs;RsþI nigkarcUlrYmeBjeljkúñg rcnasmG>C

cMnucedA/sUcnakr 2005 2010

HIV/AIDS

eRbIvaLg;kñúgcMeNam mnusSFM BI15-49 qñaM

1.9 1.9

søab;edayCMgW RKuncaj;

0.36 0.25

GñkmanCMgW rebg kñúgcMnYnmnusS 100,000

N/A 214


FananirnþrPaBbrisßan eKaledArYm ³ sMrab; qñaM 2015

bBa©ÚleKalkarN_GPivDÆn_RbkbedayecrPaBeTAkñúgeKalneya)ay nigkm μviFI Cati nigbegáInmkvijnUvFnFanbrisßanEdl)at;bg;;

kat;bnßyBak;kNaþl nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlminGacTTYl)anRbkbeday ecrPaB nUvTwks¥at

kat;bnßyBak;kNaþl nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlminGacTTYl)anGnam½yl¥ RbkbedayecrPaB

begIánGRtaRbCaCn TaMgenATIRbCMuCn TaMgenACnbT [TTYl)ansnþisuxdIFøI .

GnusBaØasIu-dmaRta 14 ³ RsþICnbT - rdæaPi)alRtUvFana[tRmUvkareday

ELkrbs;RsþIenA CnbTRtUv)anedaH Rsay Tak;TgnwgkarTTYl)an esva »kasbNþúHbNþal nigkarbMerIkargar RBmTaMg km μviFIsmFm’sgÁm ehIy Gnum½tc,ab; edIm,IlubbM)at; karerIs eGIgRbqaMgnwgBYkeK .

EpnkarskmμPaBTIRkugeb:kaMg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ K.1 ³ - [RsþI[)ancUlrYmy:agskm μ kúñg

karseRmccitþ Tak;Tgnwgbrisßan enARKb;kRmit .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ K. 2 ³ - dak;bBa©Úlkargar nigTsSn³eynD½r

eTAkúñgeKalneya)ay nigkm μviFI sRmab;karGPivDÆyUrGEgVg .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ K.3 ³

7 eKaledATI


- edayELk manbBaðaEdlRsþIenACnbT )anRbQmmux nigmantYnaTIsMxan;Edl BYkeKedIrtYkúñgkareFVI[esdækic©RKYsar manCIvitenaH sßankarenH RtUvFanasiT§I [RsþI enACnbT )ancUlrYmkúñgkar erobcM nigGnuvtþEpnkar GPivDÆn_ enARKb;kRmit .

- BRgwg nigbegáItynþkar enAtam kRmitCati tMbn; nigGnþrCati edIm,I ):anRbmaNemIlnUvplb:HBal;BI karGPivDÆ nigeKalneya)ay brisßan eTAelIRsþI.


cMnucedA/sUcnakr 2005 2010 dEEdlmanéRBeQI 60% 58% RbCaCnmanTwksatRbIR)as;enATIRkug 75.8% 85% RKÜsarEdldutGus FüÚgcMGinGahar 83.9% 61%


begáItédKUCaskl edIm,IGPivDÆn_

eKaledArYm ³ sMrab; qñaM 2015 nig 2025 begáItteTAeTotnUvRbB½n§BaNiC¢km μ nighirBaØvtßúebIkcMh Ep¥kelIc,ab; EdlGac

RbemIlTukCamun nigminerIseGIg CYy[RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_GacéllkTTYl)an»sfcaM)ac; edayshkarCamYy

Rkumh‘un»sf edayshkarN_CamYyvis½yÉkCn begáItlT§PaBTajykplRbeyaCn_BI

bec©keTsfμ I²CaBiess bec©keTsB½t’man nigTMnak;TMng

sIu-d maRta 8 ³ - Fana[RsþIman»kaseFVICatMNagrbs;

rdæaPi)alxøÜn enAkMritGnþrCati nigFana[)ancUlrYmkúñgkargarén GgÁkarGnþrCati .

maRta 7 ³ - rdæaPi)alRtUvFanasiT§irbs;RsþI[cUlrYm

kúñgkartak;Etg nigGnuvtþeKal neya)aykan;dMENgkariyal½y saFarN³ ehIysEmþgbMerImuxgar saFarN³ enARKb; Can;fñak;rdæaPi)al .

- FanasiT§irbs;RsþI kúñgkarcUlrYmkúñg GgÁkarminEmn rdæaPi)al smaKmnana

evTikaskmμPaBeb:kaMg eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ A.1 ³ - BinitüeLIgvij Gnum½t nigEfrkSa

eKalneya)ayesdækic©xñatFM nigyuT§saRsþ énkarGPivDÆ EdlGacedaHRsaynUv tRmUvkar nigkarrxitxMRbwgERbgrbs;RsþI kñúgPaBRkIRk .

eKalbMNgyuT§saRsþ G.1 ³ - cat;viFankar edIm,IFananUv»kases μ IKña

rbs;RsþI nigkarcUlrYmeBjelj enAkúñg rcnasm


EdlykcitþTukdak; cMeBaH CIvitsarFarN³ nigneya)ayrbs;RbeTs .

maRta 14-2a ³ - FanasiT§irbs;RsþICnbT kúñgkarcUlrYm

kargar nig GnuvtþEpnkarGPivDÆn_ enARKb;kMrit .


cMnucedA/sUcnakr 2005 2010 cMnYneRKaHfñak; ¬søab;nigrbYs¦ 797 200

épÞdIEdlmanCatipÞúH° 50.3% 77%


5 yuT§sa®sþctuekaN

{ ®sþIKWCaq¥wgxñg énesdækic© nigsgÁmCatieyIg } Rbsasn_bBa¢ak;rbs; semþcnaykrdæmRnþI h‘un Esn

TMnak;TMngrvagyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_ctuekaN nwgGnusBaØasIu-d

enAeBlEdlxñatCasaklnanaRtÚv)ankMNt;CakMhitEdl qøúHbBa©aMgGMBI eKaledA rbs;shKmn_énRbCaCatinana kñúgRKb;RbePTénvis½yGPivDÆn_; rdæCasmaCik nImYy² manrYmTaMgkm


¬SEDP2¦ yuT§sa®sþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk 2003-2005 ¬NPRS¦ nigeKalneya)ay yuT§sa®sþ Epnkar nigkarpþÜcepþImKMnitEkTRmg;sMxan;²déTeTot .

yuT§sa®sþctuekaNmanvtßúbMNgelIkkm


6 GnusBaØasIu-d nigGñk GnusBaØasIu-d enAkúñgCIvitrbs;Gñk etIGñkGaceFVIGVI)anxøH edIm,I eFVI[siTi§®sþI )an eTACakarBitenAkm


nigbNþaGñkr:ab;rgParkic©TaMgLay Canic©kalRtUvkarCMnYyediIm,IGPivDÆsmtßPaB nigFnFanedIm,IIbMeBjkarebþCJacitþ rbs;xøÜncMeBaHsiT§imnusS . edaymUlehtuenH eyIgCaÉktþCn TaMgGs;KñaKYrdwgBItRmUvkarEdl[eyIgcab;epþImeFVIdMeNIrkúñgpøÚvcitþ erog²xøÜn pøas;bþÚrGakb,kiriya nigkic©nanaEdlmankarerIseGIgcMeBaH®sþI ehIydak;®sþI nigburs[eTAkúñgTIlanRbECgmines μIKña . ebIeyIgGaceFVIkarCamYyKña)anenaH eyIg GaceFVI[siT§i®sþIkøayeTACakarBit)anenAkm


shkarCamYyrdæ edIm,IseRmcnUveKaledAnanaénGnuBaØa tamdanBinitükargarrbs;rdæ ehIyraykarN_[)aneTogTat; BinitüemIllkçxNÐénkareFVIr)aykarN_eTAsIu-d edIm,IFanakar Rbtibtiþtam

rbs;rdæaPi)al pþl;KMnit nigÉkeTsCMnajrbs;Gñk edIm,I seRmc siT§irbs;®sþI

enARKb;TidæPaBénCIvit eFVIkarts‘Umti edIm,IGPivDÆkm μviFIbNþúHbNþal erobcMsRmab;GñkGnuvtþ

dak;[Rbtibtiþ tamnigtamdanc,ab;fμ I² .

kñúgnamCasmaCikénGgÁtulakar nigkarGnuvtþc,ab; Gnuvtþc,ab; edIm,IkarBar®sþIBIGMeBIhigSaEdlmanmUldæaneynD½r nigFanafa

®sþImanPaBes μIKña cMeBaHmuxc,ab; Gnuvtþ nigtamdanc,ab;TaMgLay edIm,IFanakarRbtibtiþtam karBarnigbeRmI CaGñkts‘Umti sRmab;GñkEdlRtÚveKrMelaPsiTi§.

kñúgnamCardæaPi)al nigCaGñkr:ab;rgParkic©

elIksÞÜy karBar nigeFVI[)anseRmcsmPaB nig»kasrbs;®sþI bBa©ÚltRmÚvkarBiess²rbs;®sþI kúñgkareFVIEpnkar nigkarGnuvtþ

eKalneya)ay Gnum½tviFankarbeNþaHGasnñBiess edIm,ITUTat;PaBxusKñarvag®sþI nigburs

Edlrgkar erIseGIgBIGtItkal cat;TukFnFan edIm,Ipþl;mUlniFidl;KeRmagBiess² sRmab;®sþI

enAtMbn;CnbT sRmab;®sþIRkIRk ®sþICnCatiedIm b¤®sþIBikar


erobcMr)aykarN_Rsemalpþl;B½t’manCUneTAKN³km μkarsIu-d GMBIsßanPaB bc©úb,nñénsiT§i®sþI enAkúñgRbeTsrbs;Gñk

eFVIkargar edIm,IFanafasiT§imnusSrbs;®sþI kan;EtRtÚv)ankarBarxøaMgeLIg enAkúñgrdæFmμnuBaØ rbs;GñkEdlCaEpñkmYyéndMeNIrkarbc©úb,nñ énkarEk TRmg;rdæFm μnuBaØ

elIkkm


sTÞanuRkm

De Jure tamnItin½y tampøÚvc,ab; Legitimate; lawful, as a matter of law having complied with all the requirements imposed by law. For example, a de jure government is the legal, legitimate government of a state and is so recognized by other states. In contrast, a de facto government is in actual possession of authority and control of the state.

tamFm μanurUb Rsbc,ab; kñúgerOgc,ab; KW)anRsbeTAnwg kartRmÚvEdlc,ab;)an dak;bgçM . Ca]TahrN_ rdæaPi)altam nItin½ymYy KWCardæaPi)alRsbc,ab; Fm μanurUb énRbeTsmYy ehIyk¾man karTTYlsÁal;BIRbeTsdéT²eTotEdr . pÞúyeTAvijrdæaPi)altamRBwtþn½y KWsßit enAkñúgkarkan;kab;GMNac nigRtÜtBinitü rdækñúgsßanPaBBit² .

De facto tamRBwtþn½y"in fact" or "in practice" all that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or against a regulation. When discussing a legal situation, de facto designates illegitimate action of what happens in practice (which has substantially been established as unlawful). Also, may also be used when there is no relevant law or standard, but a common practice is well established, although perhaps not quite universal.

{tamBit}b¤{tamRbtibtþi} GVI²TaMgGs; EdleKemIleXIjtambTBiesaFn_samBaØ EdlbegáIt b¤GPivDÆeT,IgedayK μan b¤ pÞúynwg niytb,BaØtþi . eBleyIg BiPakSaKñaGMBI sßanPaBkñúgvis½yc,ab; tamRBwtþn½y sMedAkMNt;nUvGMeBIGFm μanurUb cMeBaHrbs;GVIEdl)anekIteT,Ig enAkñúg karRbtibtþi ¬EdlRtÚv)aneFVI[eXIjeT,Ig eRcInNas;Edrfaxusc,ab;¦ . mü:ageTot


eKGaceRbItamRBwtþn½yenH)an enAeBlKμanc,ab; b¤bTdæanBak;B½n§ b:uEnþmankar Rbtibtþi CaTUeTAmYy EdlekItmanrwgmaMrYcmkehIy eTaHbIKμan lkçN³saklNas;NakþI .

Gender: eynD½rNot to be confused with the biological differences between women and men and is determined at birth. Gender refers to the ROLES to the responsibilities of women and men that are created by social and cultural expectations about appropriate behavior and activities. These can change over time and vary within and around countries.

sUmkuMRcT,MCamYynwg PaBxusKñaBIkMeNIt EpñkCIvsa®sþ rvagbursnwg®sþIeT,Iy . eynD½rsMedAdl;tYnaTI karTTYlxusRtÚv TaMgT,ayrbs;bursnig®sþI EdlekIteT,IgBIkarrMBwgTuknana vis½ysgÁm nigvb,Fm’GMBI \riyabf nigskm μPaBsmrmüTaMgT,ay . tYnaTInigkarTTYlxusRtÚvTaMgenHGacpøas;bþÚrkñúgeBl ehIyERbRbÜlkñúgnigCuMvijRbeTsnana .

Gender Mainstreaming karb®Ba¢abeynD½rMaking women’s concerns and experiences as well as men’s an integral part of the design, monitoring and implementation of all plans, policies, and programs.

eFVI[karykcitþTukdak;nigbTBiesaFn_ rbs;®sþI nigburs eTACaEpñkcaM)ac;énkarécñRbDit kartamdan nigkarGnuvtþnUvEpnkareKalneya)aynigkm μviFITaMGs; .

Municipal/Domestic Law c,ab;Cati [Rkug¼kñúgRsuk ]It is domestic law that is applicable with in a nation.

KWCac,ab;kñúgRsukEdlGnuvtþenAkñúg


Although nationally it is referred to as a National law in International law Parlance it is commonly referred to as Municipal Law

RbCaCatimYy . fVIebIkñúgkRmitfñak;Cati c,ab;enaHRtÚv)aneyagesckþIfaCac,ab;CatikñúgPasac,ab;GnþrCatikþIk¾CaTUeTAeKehA c,ab;enHfaCac,ab;Rkug .

NGO GmrNon-governmental organization GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al [manehAfaCa

GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alpgEdr] Negative Obligation katBVkic©GviC¢manNegative obligation are those where the state does not have the right to encroach on the sphere of private liberties. In other words, these rights serve as protection for individuals against arbitrary exercise of state power. Right to freedom of conscience or expression is an example of Negative obligation.

katBVkic©GviC¢manKWCakatBVkic©TaMgT,ayNa EdlrdæKμansiT§irMelaPbMBancUlkñúg rgVg;én\sSrPaBÉkCn . mü:agvijeTot siT§iTaMgT,ayenHCYykarBarÉktþCn TaMgT,ayTb;Tl;nwgkareRbIR)as;GMNacrdætamTMenIgcitþ . siT§iman esrIPaBxagmnsikar b¤karbeBa©jmti KWCa]TahrN_mYyénkartBVkic©GviC¢man.

Positive Obligation katBVkic© viC¢man Positive obligation are those where the state is under obligation to guarantee certain basic needs. They are therefore rights concerned with the material, social and cultural welfare of the person which require resource investments. Right to an adequate

katBVkic©viC¢manKWCakatBVkic©TaMgT,ayNa Edlrdæ mankatBVkic©FanatRmÚvkarCamUldæanmYycMnYn . dUecñHkatBVkic©enaH KWCasiT§iTaMgT,ay EdlBak;B½n§nwgvis½y smÖar sgÁm nig vb,Fm’ énsuxumalPaB


standard of living for the health ad well-being of the person and his/her family is an example of positive obligation. Concept Vision

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Documents

Final Update booklet CEDAW Jun 27 Khm 8 Tk 3 - SILAKA · 2015. 5. 18. · sIlkar CaGgÁkarkñúgRsukmYy Edlminmanninñakarneya)ay b¤sasna NamYyeT,Iy ehIy)ancuHeQμaHCamYyRksYgmhaépÞ