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corpuls³
ECG Basis
Technological and Physiological BackgroundFor internal use only!
March 2012
GS Elektromedizinische GeräteG. Stemple GmbH
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 2
• Introduction: The Human Heart and TheConduction System
• The Electrocardiogram: Genesis, Application Areas, Form and Lead Systems
• The Conventional 12-Lead System
• The 12-Lead ECG Electrode Placement
Overview
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 3
The Conduction System of the Human Heart
Source: Bioelctromagnetism, J. Malmivuo, R. Plonsey
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 4
Genesis of Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Source: Bioelctromagnetism, J. Malmivuo, R. Plonsey
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 5
• Conduction Defects and Blocks
• Increase in Wall Thickness of the Atria and Ventricles (Hypotrophy)
• Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
• Heart-Rate Monitoring and Rhythm Analysis
The Conventional Application Areas of the Non-Invasive ECG Analysis
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 6
• Resting ECG
• Stress ECG
• Long-Term ECG Holter
• Long-Term ECG Monitoring
Non-Invasive ECG Forms
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 7
• The Conventional 12-Lead System
• Single-Channel Bipolar Lead System
• Multi-Channel Bipolar and Monopolar Lead System
Non-Invasive ECG Lead Systems
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 8
The Conventional 12-Lead ECG System:1. The Bipolar Einthoven Limb Leads
Source: Bioelctromagnetism, J. Malmivuo, R. Plonsey
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 9
The Conventional 12-Lead ECG System:2. The Unipolar Goldberger Augmented Limb Leads
Source: Bioelctromagnetism, J. Malmivuo, R. Plonsey
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 10
Source: Bioelctromagnetism, J. Malmivuo, R. Plonsey
The Conventional 12-Lead ECG System:3. The Unipolar Wilson Chest Leads (Precordial Leads)
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 11
The Anatomical Direction of the 12-Leads
Source: ars.sciencedirect.comSource: my.clevelandclinic.org
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©2012 GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G. Stemple GmbHMarch 2012ECG basics 12
12-Lead ECG Electrode Placement
Sources: statmedicaleducation.com, ekgenius.net
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corpuls3 - ECG BasisMarch 2012, Version 1.9English- for internal use only -
Dr. Antoun KhawajaBiosignal Processing
GS Elektromedizinische GeräteG. Stemple GmbHHauswiesenstraße 2686916 KauferingGermanyTel. +49 8191 65722-0Fax +49 8191 [email protected] www.corpuls.com
