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GRENZKONTROLLE DER ZUKUNFT FBC and FastPass Future Border Control/ A harmonized, modular reference system for all European Automatic Border Crossing Points Andreas Kriechbaum, Markus Clabian
Co-funded by the Austrian Security Research Programme KIRAS (www.kiras.at), an initiative of the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology, Austria (bmvit, www.bmvit.gv.at); www.ffg.at The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 312583.
Automated Border Control - Motivation
• Adress significantly dramatically increasing passenger flows • 700 million per year today • +75% at airports by 2030
• Smart Border initiative (entry-exit, registered traveller programme)
• Border guards face big challenges • Indepth document checks (more than
2000 different documents) • Reliable identity checks • Check of entry conditions • Discover possible threats
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Automated Border Control - Workflow
Automated Border Control – Status
• Approaches – Mantrap 1step and 2step
(MT1 and MT2) – Kiosk (K)
• Operational – MT1: NL, UK, F, NO – MT2: FL, CZ, DE, AT, PT, IE – Kiosk: ES, HU, LV
• Planned –BE, EE, DK, IT, RO 4
MT1 MT2
Kiosk
Automated Border Control - Projects
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Feasibility study
2009
ASAP
Automated Border Control - Projects
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Feasibility study National proof of concept project
2009 2011
ASAP FBC
FBC - Motivation
Statement BM.I
“the future border control process will change significantly, therefore we want to create future
system-specifications by developing, testing and evaluating a process- & system-design for
Vienna Airport based on real test systems”
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FBC - Project Coordinates I
• Challenge: Demonstration performance optimized, next generation automatic border control solution
• for secure, fast and comfortable border checks for EU-/EEA- and Swiss citizens with e-passports
• using face recognition • using newest research/technologies in a harmonized concept
(chip read out, security features, biometrics, video surveillance)
• Where: Vienna International Airport • When: 09/2011 – 09/2013 • Project budget:
Total Budget: ~830.000€ Total Funding: ~340.000€
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FBC - Project Coordinates II
• Project Partners: - Coordination & Research: Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) - Public partners: MoI (BM.I) & Flughafen Wien AG - Industry partners: ATOS IT Systems and Services GmbH (integrator, biometrics),
Gunnebo GmbH (eGate manufacturer) - Sub-contractor: Institute for Empirical Social Studies (IFES) - (social & usability
factor)
• Milestones: - Requirements phase: October 2011 - Design/Development phase: January 2012 - Deployment of first eGate: October 2012 (operational since November 2012) - Continuous Improvements: October 2012- July 2013 - Final project evaluation: July 2013
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FBC - Results: Requirements & technical
key issues
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FBC – Results: Pilot eGate
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Demo eGate: by ATOS/Gunnebo (to be evaluated and enhanced) Location: Vienna Airport, Terminal 2, Non-Schengen-Arrivals
FBC Technical Evaluation
• Number of users: ~3.000 users in 23 weeks • Min. Transfer time: ~ 12s, differences in passport read out times and users
experience (average 26s) • Passport reader
– 85% opt. and elect. read-out, improvements: OCR module and instructions – Min. 4-5s for read-out - large part of overall process – Difficult optical authenticity check - different security features and wear (age)
• Research Focus on Optimization/Evaluation of Biometrics under difficult light environment (strong backlight)
– > 90% correctly verified Field data has been recorded (to be evaluated in more detail) • Integration/Evaluation of video surveillance
– Optical 3D person separation: 97% of travellers where correctly detected (test phase with 600 travelers) – initial problems with trolleys and big back bags
– Left luggage detection
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Passport Reader
Eingang
Exit
Fingerprint reader
Tracking face camera system
Atos delivered as Maincontractor with Gunnebo a Bank of 4 lanes of integrated two step, „on the move“ eGates to Sofia airport Results from Kiras FBC and other research and standardizaLon work are conLnously integrated in the product line 01.07.2012: Start OperaLonal usage
Market Readiness reached within the dura7on period of the Kiras FBC project
in cooperaLon with
FBC Social Evaluation
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• Evaluation of the user-interface, signage and flyer: positive feedback but most travellers still do not recognize it (lemmings effect)
• Continuous feedback forms from border guards • Focus groups of potential users/passenger
– Privacy and data protection issues, misuse of data (data flow) – Manual border control and automated border control with assistance
• Questionnaire of passengers who used the automated border control – Rating of the system
– Willingness to use eGate again
13 10 3 23
0 20 40 60 80 100
very certainly rather yes rather no no no answer
20 10 10 7 10 3 27 7,7
0 20 40 60 80 100
10 points, well done 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 points, bad no answer average value
FBC Findings & next steps
• Findings – Early information of the population in the case of roll out essential – Personal instruction in front of the eGate, well integrated signage – Importance of well integrated technologies/algorithms, e.g. passport
reader, interaction between capture unit and face verification algorithm – light conditions
– Harmonized introduction of face-enrollment at the passport registration office would enhance the biometrical quality of passport images
– Consideration of (inter)-national law aspects, e.g. data protection • Next Steps
– Focus groups with border guards, 2nd questionnaire for passengers – Tests with alternative camera setups and additional shading of the
control area, analysis of the passenger behaviour – Risk evaluation, final evaluation round
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FBC - Result
Statement BM.I “the current discussion amongst ABC-experts in
Europe shows, that our decision to start a research project was completely right.
Working with technical security experts from the project partners and having direct access to the technology enables us to select the best suited
operational and system requirements in the procurement process”
(BMI, 25.4.2013 at 8th ABC workshop organized by Frontex)
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Automated Border Control - Projects
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Feasibility study National proof of concept project
2009 2011
ASAP FBC
A harmonized, modular reference system for all European automated
border crossing points
1st Austrian IP in Security Call 15 Mio Euro
2013
FastPass
Automated Border Control - Challenges
• Current systems are limited – No usage by third country nationals – No usage by frequent travellers – No harmonization and no interoperability – No or weak integration into infrastructure processes
• Current systems are not developed around the user – No harmonized usage – No customer interaction and satisfaction management – Human factors are not analysized and considered – Privacy issues are not properly adressed
• Current systems have not been security evaluated – Passport security features are only partially checked – Biometric spoofying is not fully adressed – Passport document lifecycle is not fully adressed
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FastPass - Consortium
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FastPass Objectives & Impact
OBJEC
TIVE
S
EES AND RTP INTEGRATION
HARMONIZED ABC USABILITY
SUPPORTING AN INNOVATIVE BORDER CROSSING CONCEPT
ARCHITECTURE BASED UPON INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY
EUROPEAN COOPERATION
IDENTIFICATION
MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE
USABILITY AND SPEED
HARMONIZATION AND INTEROPERABILITY
PASSPORT VERIFICATION
BORDER CROSSING PROCESS IM
PACT
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Automated Border Control - Projects
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Feasibility study National proof of concept project
A harmonized, modular reference system for all European automated
border crossing points
1st Austrian IP in Security Call 15 Mio Euro
2009 2011 2013
ASAP FBC FastPass
2015
MobilePass (proposed)
A secure, modular and distributed mobile
border control solution for European land
border crossing points
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AIT Austrian Institute of Technology your ingenious partner Andreas Kriechbaum, Markus Clabian Senior Engineer Intelligent Vision Systems Safety & Security Department [email protected]; [email protected]
