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(OHFWULF�3RZHU�*ULG�9XOQHUDELOLW\���:KHUH�&DQ�7HUURULVWV�+XUW�<RX�WKH�0RVW"

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Generation

Transmission

Distribution

Load

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25 MW

100 MW

125 MW

150 MW

100 MW150 MW

50 MW100 MW

0 MW

Example

0 MW

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~

25 MW

0 MW

~

A few hours

later...

~Re-synchronizing...

Towers destroyedConductor destroyed

Short-Term Effects

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~

~

25 MW

0 MW

Already Synchronized

~

Then...

Some essential industry/ services (e.g., airports)

Short-Term Effects

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~

~

25 MW

50 MW

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days...

125 MW

100 MW150 MW

50 MW

It might take one week or more until power is restored

Medium-Term Effects

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~

25 MW

100 MW

125 MW

150 MW

100 MW150 MW

50 MW 100 MW

150 MW(150 MW)

Preemptive Measures

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Implementation in VEGA: Database, GUI, Optimizer

Generating unit data Line and transformer data

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Implementation Example: Power Flow Before Interdiction

Diagram of IEEE RTS-96 power grid

All load is met

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Total terrorist resources:

Implementation: Power Flow After Optimal Interdiction

Line:

Substation or bus:

Generators: All protected

Resource required to destroy assets:

Load shed is 2,190 MW

Bus “123” and seven selected circuitsare destroyed

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Power Flow After Optimal Interdiction

Terrorist resource

Load shedding and cost

Multiple scenarios can be easily compared

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230 kV

138 kV

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BUS 23

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BUS 21

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BUS 5

BUS 9

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BUS 222

BUS 223

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BUS 222

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7RWDO�/RDG��������0:Time Power Energy

Period Shed (MW) Shed (MWh)

0-72 h 1,373 98,856

Plan

Total: 98,856 MWh

�W

0:

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0-72 h 902 64,944

72-768 h 708 492,768

Total: 557,712 MWh

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0-360 h 756 272,160

Total: 272,160 MWh

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Total: 1,587,744

577,7281,416360-720 h

782,2082,71672-360 h

227,8083,1640-72 hLines: A30, A33-2

Transformers: A7, B7Buses: 115, 118, 215, 218

Substations: Sub-A2, Sub-B2

RTS-Two-AreasMIP

Total: 1,547,208

577,7281,416360-768 h

969,4802,6930-360 hBuses: 116, 118, 215, 218

Substations: Sub-A1, Sub-A2, Sub-B1, Sub-B2

RTS-Two-Areas

HEURISTIC

EnergyShed (MWh)

PowerShed (MW)

TimePeriod

Directly Interdicted Components.Resource: M=24

Case/Algorithm

Total: 1,115,424

985,5361,41672-768 h

129,8881,8040-72 hLines: A23, B23

Transformers: A7, B7Substations: Sub-A2, Sub-B2

RTS-Two-AreasMIP

Total: 1,087,488

1,087,4881,4160-768Substations: Sub-A1, Sub-A2, Sub-B1, Sub-

B2

RTS-Two-Areas

HEURISTIC

EnergyShed

(MWh)

PowerShed (MW)

TimePeriod

Directly Interdicted Components.Resource: M=12

Case/Algorithm

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