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New Compounding Solutions for PremiumContact 6

Dr. Stefan Torbrügge,

Head of Global Tread Compound Development & Contact Friction Physics

www.continental-tires.com

TechnologyPerformance Overview

PremiumContact 6ContiSportContact 5

Handling 103%

Rolling Resistance

105%

Exterior Noise 110%

Interior Noise

102%

Wet Braking

100%

Mileage

115%

Hydroplaning

95%Dry Braking

100%

TechnologyPerformance Overview – Compounding Solutions

PremiumContact 6ContiSportContact 5

Handling 103%

Rolling Resistance

105%Exterior Noise 110%

Interior Noise

102%

Wet Braking

100%

Mileage

115%

Hydroplaning

95%Dry Braking

100%

TechnologyPerformance Overview – Compounding Solutions

PremiumContact 6 vs ContiSportContact 5

Performance Tire Compounding Solution

Handling 103% Similar or higher stiffness

Dry Braking 100% Crystal silica composition

Wet Braking 100% Crystal silica composition

Rolling Resistance 105% Base + tread compound

Mileage 115% Wear optimzed polymer

Typical Components of Tread Compoundsfor Passenger & Light Truck Tires

Rapeseed oil

Synthetic rubber

Natural rubber

Carbon black

Butadiene rubber

Sulfur

Ozone protecting waxAnti-ageing agent

Zinc oxide

Stearic acid

Silica

Accelerator

Activator

Resins

MES oil

Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflicts

Rolling resistance

Wet grip Wear

Compound

What is the origin of

these target conflicts

Viscoelastic properties of rubber:

› Hysteresis

› Abrasion resistance

Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflict

Rolling resistance

Wet grip Wear

Compound

Energy Dissipation in RubberHysteresis

What happens when a body is deformed?

Elastic body Viscous body

Δx

FelEnergy in

Energy out

v

=

Δx

F

Energy in

Energy out = 0

v

Lost Energy = 0 All Energy is lost

Energy Dissipation in RubberHysteresis

In viscoelastic materials energy is partially stored and partially transformed into heat

Δx

F Energy in

Energy out

Lost Energy

-

=

E

EiEE

E

E

storage modulus

loss modulus

Rubber slowly recovers from deformed state because of internal viscosity Energy dissipation

Energy Dissipation in RubberHysteresis

› In viscoelastic materials energy is partially stored and partially transformerd into heat

Δx

F Energy in

Energy out

Damping loss

-

=

Grip

Rubber deformation

during sliding on rough

road, high frequency

Rolling Resistance

Rubber deformation

in tire contact

patch, low

frequency

Load

Corresponding frequency [Hz]100101102103104105106107

Development target

Standard technology

Energy Dissipation in RubberTarget Conflict of Wet-Grip and Rolling Resistance

Braking

103…105 Hz

Rolling Resistance

10 Hz

Characteristic frequency

Braking and Rolling Resistance have different relevant frequency areas

› The hysteresis is determined by the frequency dependent loss-factor and

of the tread-compound.

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

Lo

ss f

acto

r ta

n(d

)

Safety-optimized Silica Compounds Solution of Target Conflicts

PremiumContact 6 RR – Rolling ResistanceStandard

Wear

Wet Braking

RRHandling

Cap influence Base influencePremiumContact 6

Cap + Base + Pattern

Wear

Wet Braking

RRHandling

Wear

Wet Braking

RRHandling

schematic tread cross section

Tread compounding – ExerciseIdentify the Rolling Resistance Optimized Base Compound

Which compound has superior

rolling resistance properties

Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflict

Rolling resistance

Wet grip Wear

Compound

› Can be overcome by performance

dedication via cap + base approach

› Difference excitation frequency range

for grip and RR utilized in compounding

Rolling resistance is in

target conflict with grip

Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflict

Rolling resistance

Wet grip Wear

Compound

Tire & Rubber WearMultiscale Approach from Tire to Tread Block and Compound

Wear is a superposition of various phenomena happening at different scales

VehiclePolymers Contact WheelConstructionFillers

1 nm 1 µm 1 mm 1 cm 10 cm 10 m1 m

Thermal stability

Polymer Flexibility

Rubber Tear resistance

Stresses on Compound

Slip velocitySlip distance

Driving severityTire Forces

Influencing factors

Fatigue Cutting abrasion

v

Frictional wear

v

Safety-optimized Silica Compounds “Low Glass Transition Temperature Technology”: Wear Mechanisms

v

p0 p0 p0

Smooth surface

› Creep of material due

to frictional forces.

› Mass transport:

sticky film, rolls

Rough rounded surface

› Slow crack growth due to

deformation of rubber in

contact with a rough surface.

› Detachment of rubber particles.

Rough sharp surface

› Fast rupture of rubber.

› Tearing of large rubber pieces.

› Formation of abrasion pattern

and/or cracks on rubber surface

Test drums Long distance Severe application

10nm1mm 1µm

Flexible chains

Safety-optimized Silica Compounds“Low Polymer Glass Transition Temperature Technology” = Nano Technology

v

Glassy chains

Nano mechanism

nano

› Crack resistance improvement due to low polymer glass transition temperature TG

technology improves wear performance on nano-scale

› Significant wear improvement while keeping wet performance via shift of compound

glastemperature TG

The stiffness E‘ of rubber compounds varies as a function of

Temperature and Frequency dependency of rubberFlexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?

Temperature T [°C]highlow

Stiffn

ess

E‘ [M

Pa

]

› Temperature T › Deformation frequency f

Deformation frequency [Hz] highlow

Stiffness

E‘ [M

Pa]

high high

glassy flexible flexible

glassy

Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains?Temperature Dependence

Summer and Winter tread

compound with different glass

transition temperatures

Samples were cooled down to

T=-40°C

Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains?Temperature Dependence

Temperature T [°C]highlow

Stiffn

ess

E‘ [M

Pa

]

high

– high Tg compound

– low Tg compound

glassy flexible

The stiffness E‘ of rubber compounds varies as a function of temperature

Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?Frequency Dependence

Test sepcimen:

Corn starch (200g) + water

(150 ml)

Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?Frequency Dependence

Test sepcimen:

Corn starch (200g) + water

(150 ml)

Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?Frequency Dependence

Deformation frequency [Hz] highlow

Stiffness

E‘ [M

Pa]

high

– high Tg compound

– low Tg compound

flexible

glassy

The stiffness E‘ of rubber compounds varies as a function of deformation frequency

Flexible chains

Safety-optimized Silica Compounds“Low Polymer Glass Transition Temperature Technology” = Nano Technology

Glassy chains

Flexible polymer chains (= low Tg)

do not break under high local stress

Stiff polymer chains (= high Tg) break

irreversibly under high local stress

Polymer network degrades wear

Polymer Chain DesignMicro - Structure

Styrene Vinyl

ButadieneStyrene Styrene Butadiene Rubber+ =

SBR

Vinyl [%]

Sty

ren

e [

%]

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

10

20

30

Reaction scheme for

Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Tg- Dependency of Styrene / Vinyl Ratio

00

+ =

R

+=

R

+ =

RR

Safety-optimized Silica CompoundsImpact of Polymer Parameter on Tg- Glass Transition Temperature

Butadiene

Micro - Structure FunctionalizationMacro - Structure

Styrene Vinyl - group Reactive - group

TechnologyOverview – A New Level of Comfort

Safety-optimizedsilica compounds

Safety

without compromises

Crystal silica

composition

Comfort-optimizedperformance footprint

Handling-optimizedpattern design

Feature

Technology

Customer

benefit

Extended driving convenience

over lifetime

Sporty driving

in every car

Wear

optimized

polymer blend

Smooth

pattern

stiffness

Advanced

macro-block

design

Asymmetric

rib geometry

A New Level of Comfort

Crystal silica composition

Compound Solution for safety without compromisesCrystal silica composition

› Highest quality grade with increased

homogenity of primary particles

› Highly dispersable even at very high filler

amounts in compound

› Tailored silica surface strcutrue for

enhanced bonding via Silane to Polymer

Matrix

Polymer – Filler – Interaction

Silica – primary particle Silane coupler Polymer

Silica

Wear optimized polymer blend

Compound solution for extended driving convenience over lifetimeWear optimized polymer blend

› Low Polymer Glass Transition

Temperature Technology

› Specially designed low Tg polymer

blend with tailor made micro and macro

structure

› Enhanced bonding to crystal silica

particles by functionalizatzion

Polymer - Structure

Butadiene Styrene Vinyl - group Reactive - group

Virtual Compound Development ExerciseSolve Target Conflicts at highest level

Rolling resistance

Wet grip Wear

Compound

Thank youfor your attention!