Zur Frage 1: Wo liegt der Ursprung der somatischen Stammzellen?

1Georg Weitzer

4. Doppelstunde ESF II WS2016

, WT1

2Department für Medizinische BiochemieGeorg Weitzer

1.5.1.Wie entsteht das Herz während der frühe Embryogenese der Maus und des Menschen?1.5.1.2. Was geschieht nach dem Einnisten des Embryos?

1.5.1.1.Entstehung des Epiblasten siehe 3.Doppelstunde

Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Georg Weitzer ESF-II/4 WS12

Developmental Biology page 354

Sagittal / Medianebene

cranial /rostral

caudal

mediallinks lateralrechts lateral

Dorsal, posterior

ventral, anterior

Siehe auch: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomische_Lage-_und_Richtungsbezeichnungen

Frontal Ebene

Transverse Ebene

Georg Weitzer

Department für Medizinische BiochemieGeorg Weitzer

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvs270

doi: 10.1242/dev.01248

E7.5 N2 Mouse Heart

doi:10.1006/dbio.1996.0046

E13.5

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0609628104

Hyperplasia

DOI 10.1002/dvdy.22449

E8.5E8.0

doi:10.1016 /S0008-6363(03)00246-3

1.5.1.3. Wo, wann und wie kommt es zur Kardiogenese während und nach der Gastrulation?

somatic

splanchnic

Georg Weitzer

Organisational unitPresentation title / topic OR Presenter's name

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From http://dingbatland.tumblr.com/post/141110542932/physio-fact-of-the-day-3-acrobatic

Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Georg Weitzer ESF-II/4 WS12

Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Georg Weitzer ESF-II/4 WS12

File:Gray19 with color.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray19_with_color.png

Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Georg Weitzer ESF-II/4 WS12

doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013847

Georg Weitzer

12Department für Medizinische BiochemieGeorg Weitzer

Heart DEvelopment

Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Georg Weitzer ESF-II/4 WS12

Contributions from the second heart field

Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Georg Weitzer ESF-II/4 WS12

Entwicklung des Herzens während der Embryogenese

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2013 Aug;14(8):529-41. doi: 10.1038/nrm3619. Epub 2013 Jul 10.Mending broken hearts: cardiac development as a basis for adult heart regeneration and repair.Xin M1, Olson EN, Bassel-Duby R.

Aus MolMed2016

The multifaceted role of Notch in cardiac development and diseaseFrances A. High & Jonathan A. EpsteinNature Reviews Genetics 9, 49-61 (January 2008)doi:10.1038/nrg2279

Overview of cardiac development

Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Georg Weitzer ESF-II/4 WS12

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Illustrations depict cardiac development with colour coding of morphologically related regions, seen from a ventral view. Cardiogenic precursors form a crescent (left-most panel) that is specified to form specific segments of the linear heart tube, which is patterned along the anterior–posterior axis to form the various regions and chambers of the looped and mature heart. Each cardiac chamber balloons out from the outer curvature of the looped heart tube in a segmental fashion. Neural crest cells populate the bilaterally symmetrical aortic arch arteries (III, IV and VI) and aortic sac (AS) that together contribute to specific segments of the mature aortic arch, also colour coded. Mesenchymal cells form the cardiac valves from the conotruncal (CT) and atrioventricular valve (AVV) segments. Corresponding days of human embryonic development are indicated. A, atrium; Ao, aorta; DA, ductus arteriosus; LA, left atrium; LCC, left common carotid; LSCA, left subclavian artery; LV, left ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery; RA, right atrium; RCC, right common carotid; RSCA, right subclavian artery; RV, right ventricle; V, ventricle.

doi:10.1038/35025190

Organisational unitGeorg Weitzer

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1.5.2. Morphologie und Funktionsweise des adulten Säugetierherzens.

Fig. 1. The adult mammalian heart. The adult mammalian heart is made up offour chambers: the right and left ventricles (RV and LV) and right and left atria(RA and LA). The ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum (IS).The vena cava and the aorta carry the flow of blood to and from the heart,respectively. Blood low in oxygen (blue arrows) from the different tissues iscollected into the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava and flowsto the lungs through the right ventricle. Oxygenated blood (red arrows) from thelungs flows into the left atrium and is pumped into the aorta by the left ventricle.This system allows oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood to be completelyseparate.

Georg Weitzer

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2013 Aug;14(8):529-41. doi: 10.1038/nrm3619. Epub 2013 Jul 10.Mending broken hearts: cardiac development as a basis for adult heart regeneration and repair.Xin M1, Olson EN, Bassel-Duby R.

Aufbau des Säugetierherzens und die darin vorkommenden wichtigsten Zelltypen

SinusknotenAtrio-Ventriklärknoten

Reizleitungssystem:

Hiss-Bündel

Purkinje-Fasern

EpikardiumMyokardiumEndokardiumHerzklappen (4)

Erstes Herzfeld = Laterales MesodermZweites Herzfeld = Rachen MesodermCraniale Neuralleistenzellen Proepicardiales OrganMesangioblasten der Aorta

SchrittmacherzellenAtriale KardiomyozytenVentrikuläre KardiomyocytenKardiale FibroblastenEndothelzellen, glatte Muskelz.Telozyten, PerizytenMastzellen, Makrophagen, …Herzstammzellen

Aus MolMed2016

Department für Medizinische BiochemieGeorg Weitzer

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvs270

E7.5

1.5.3. Zelluläre Stadien im Laufe der Kardiogeneses

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/224929158

Organisational unitGeorg Weitzer

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Alessandra Morettis Homepage: http://www.med1.mri.tum.de/ru/node/169

Cardiogenesis in mammals at the cellular level II

Cardiacstemcells

Endocardialprogenitors

Department für Medizinische BiochemieGeorg Weitzer

Department für Medizinische BiochemieGeorg Weitzer

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Detaillierte Übersicht über die Kardiomyogenese

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvs270

Cardiogenesis in mammals at the cellular level III

• The heart is composed of some 20 different cell types,

• but of only ~ 20% cardiomyocytes, occupying ~ 80% of the space,

• and of > 50% cardiac fibroblasts, occupying only ~ 20% of the space.

• Prevalence of cardiac stem cells: 1:30.000 -1:500.000

Organisational unitGeorg Weitzer

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1.5.4. Molekulare Aspekte der frühen Kardiogenese (Teil 1)

Department für Medizinische BiochemieGeorg Weitzer

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvs270

E7.5

1.5.4. Molekulare Aspekte der frühen Kardiogenese (Teil 1)

Organisational unitGeorg Weitzer

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Detailliertere Beschreibung der Gastrulation:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X10000973

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925477397001238

http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v8/n5/full/nrg2084.html

Sehr gute Bilder zur Herzentstehung:

http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/111/10/1323.long