Chris Schenk Bangkok SPE 2010 3

7/30/2019 Chris Schenk Bangkok SPE 2010 3

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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

Assessment of UndiscoveredOil and Gas Resources of

Southeast AsiaChristopher J. Schenk

U.S. Geological SurveyDenver, Colorado USA

schenk@usgs.gov

USGS World Resources Project

Purpose: assess the potential forundiscovered conventional and

unconventional resources in basins worldwide

SE Asia: 23 basins, assessed for conventional

oil and gas resources Unconventional resource plays- some defined

but not assessed at this time

Shale gas, tight gas, coal-bed gas, shale oil,tight oil

Conventional vs Unconventional

Conventional Resource Summary

23 basins

Undiscovered oil mean: 21.6 BBO

Undiscovered gas mean: 299 TCFG

Oil (BBO): 8.9 (F95)—21.6 (Mean)—41.6 (F5)

Gas (TCF): 129 (F95)—299 (Mean)—557 (F5)

Ranges reflect geologic uncertainty

Undiscovered Oil Resources-Means

Baram-Brunei Basin: 4.2 BBO

Kutei Basin 3.2 BBO

South China Sea 2.5 BBO Cuu Long Basin 1.7 BBO

Thai Basin 1.2 BBO NW Java Basin 0.7 BBO

Nam Con Son 0.68 BBO

Malay Basin 0.66 BBO

Greater Sarawak 0.64 BBO

Undiscovered Gas Resources-Means

Kutei Basin 46 TCF

Greater Sarawak 38 TCF

East Java 32 TCF

Baram-Brunei 26 TCF

South China Sea 25 TCF

Thai Basin 15 TCF

Nam Con Son 14 TCF

Phu Khahn 13 TCF

Song Hong 12 TCF

Offshore:

92% of oil resources

93% of gasresources

Assessment Methodology

Convert geologic knowledge into volumes ofundiscovered resources

Geologic model for assessment Review process (CORE)

Distribution of Sizes of undiscovered fields

Distribution of Numbers of undiscoveredfields above a minimum size

Deposit simulation, prospects/risk, discoveryprocess, geologic analogs

Monte Carlo simulation

Geologic Analogs

Database of geologic and production data for250+ assessment units of the world

Conventional resources only

Query geologic characteristics

Field size distributions; largest field sizes Density of fields per area for a given

minimum field size, for given geologic

parameters

PattaniTrough

Pattani Trough- Geologic model for

assessment

Oil and gas generated from Oligocene

lacustrine shales and Miocene shalesmigrated into fluvial, deltaic and alluvialreservoirs within rift and post-rift sag

structures; most gas in post-rift structures(open, gently dipping, faulted anticlines)

Known: 23 oil fields; 24 gas fields

Pattani Trough- Geologic model for

assessment

Numbers: Oil: 1-30-60: Gas; 1-40-80

Sizes: Oil; 5-15-200: Gas; 30-100-2000

MEL: Oil; 80 MMBO; Gas; 800 BCFG

Largest fields found; going to smaller sizes

Exploration at mid-maturity

Pattani Trough- assessment

Oil (BBO): 0.39 (F95)- 0.63 (mean)-0.95 (F5)

Gas: (TCFG): 6 (F95)- 10.3 (mean); 15 (F5)

Largest fields found; going to smaller sizes

Exploration at mid-maturity

MalayBasin

Malay Basin-Tho Chu AU-geologic

model for assessment

lacustrine shales and Miocene marginalmarine shales in the Late Miocene migratedvertically into synrift alluvial-fluvial, deltaicand shallow marine reservoirs, and postriftmarine, shallow to deep water clastic

reservoirs

From Maynard and others, 2002

Khmer Trough AU-geologic model

for assessment

lacustrine shales and Miocene marginalmarine shales in the Late Miocene migratedvertically into synrift alluvial-fluvial, deltaicand shallow marine reservoirs, and postriftmarine, shallow to deep water clastic

reservoirs; inversion of traps in Late Miocene

Malay Basin

Main Malay-Tho Chu AU

Numbers: Oil: 1-40-90; Gas: 1-70-160

Sizes: Oil: 1-6-200; Gas: 6-48-3000

MEL: Oil: 70 MMBO; Gas: 1000 BCFG

Khmer Trough AU Numbers: Oil: 1-13-40; Gas: 1-15-50

Sizes: Oil: 1-6-500; Gas: 6-36-3000 MEL: Oil: 80 MMBO; Gas: 500 BCFG

Malay Basin- assessment

Main Malay-Tho Chu AU

Mean Oil: 0.45 BBO; Mean Gas: 10 TCFG

MEL: 70 MMBO; Gas: 1000 BCFG

Khmer Trough AU

Mean oil; 0.2 BBO: Mean gas; 2.3 TCF MEL: Oil: 80 MMBO: Gas: 500 BCFG

O h Rif B i AU l i

Onshore Rift Basins AU- geologic

model for assessment Oil and gas generated from lacustrine source

rocks migrated into synrift and possibly post-rift reservoirs; traps mainly related to faciesagainst bounding faults; rifts are complex,

many fault compartments resolved onseismic

Unconventional reservoirs??

O h Rift B i AU l i

Onshore Rift Basins AU- geologic

model for assessment Numbers: Oil: 1-50-150; Gas: 1-10-30

Sizes: Oil: 1-3-250; Gas: 6-18-800

Not well explored, but clearly going to small

field sizes; Oil vs gas (modeling); fielddefinition

Onshore Rift Basins AU- assessment

Oil (BBO): 0.16 (F95)-0.4 (mean)-0.7 (F5)

Gas (TCFG): 0.2 (F95)-0.6 (mean)-1.3 (F5)

Khorat

Plateau

Permian Carbonates AU geologic

Permian Carbonates AU- geologicmodel for assessment

Gas generated from Triassic source rocksin the Paleogene (following Cretaceous

burial) migrated along faults associatedwith rift basins and into karst or fracturedcarbonate platform reservoirs of thePermian, or Triassic clastics; AU relatedto distribution of Triassic rifts in the

Khorat Plateau; rifts considered to extendthroughout plateau

171,000 square kilometers

Permian Carbonates AU geologic

Permian Carbonates AU-geologicmodel for assessment

Numbers: Gas: 1-40-120 BCFG

Sizes: Gas: 3-12-1000 BCFG

MEL: 300 BCFG

Assessment (TCFG): 0.5 (F95)- 1.3 (mean)-2.4 (F5)

Khorat Group Sandstones AU

Khorat Group Sandstones AU-geologic model for assessment

Gas generated from Triassic source rocks

in the Paleogene migrated vertically alongfaults into Cretaceous low- and high-sinuosity fluvial sandstones within theregional fluvial distributary system thatformed across the Khorat plateau;

regional salt seal

Khorat Group Sandstones AU

Khorat Group Sandstones AU-geologic model for assessment

Numbers: Gas: 1-20-80

Sizes: Gas: 3-12-1000 BCFG

MEL: 200 BCFG

Assessment (TCFG): 0.1 (F95)- 0.66(mean)-1.5 (F5)

SongHong

Song Hong Basin geologic model for

Song Hong Basin-geologic model forassessment

Oil and gas generated from rift-relatedlacustrine shales, deltaic coals, and mirine

shales in the Late Miocene-Pliocene migratedup faults into synrift includes alluvial-fluvial,deltaic, and lacustrine clastics, and post-rift

nearshore marine, shelf, to slope and basin-floor fan clastics and carbonates onstructural highs; extensional structuresinverted along RRFZ on Late Miocene

From Dang, 1997

Song Hong Basin

Numbers: Oil; 1-10-30; Gas: 1-90-250

Sizes: Oil: 5-12-300; Gas: 30-72-2000

Largest fields found; early in explorationhistory; mainly gas; geologic analog for PhuKhanh Basin

Song Hong Basin- assessment

Oil (BBO): 0.08 (F95)-0.2 (mean)- 0.4 (F5)

Gas (TCFG): 6 (F95)- 12 (mean)- 20 (F5)

Largest fields found; early in explorationhistory; mainly gas; geologic analog for PhuKhanh Basin

From Fyhn and others, 2009

Phu Khanh Basin-geologic model for

Phu Khanh Basin geologic model forassessment

Oil and gas generated from rift-relatedlacustrine shales, deltaic coals, and mirine

shales in the Late Miocene-Pliocene migratedup faults into synrift includes alluvial-fluvial,deltaic, and lacustrine clastics, and post-rift

nearshore marine, shelf, to slope and basin-floor fan clastics and carbonates onstructural highs; extensional structuresinverted along RRFZ on Late Miocene

Phu Khahn Basin

Paleogene-Neogene Reservoirs AU; frontierarea, no discoveries

Mean oil; 0.2 BBO: Mean gas; 13 TCF

Reservoirs include synrift fluvial, alluvial and

lacustrine; post-rift deltaic to deep waterclastics; platform margin carbonates

DangerousGrounds

Dangerous Grounds AU

Oil and gas generated from Late Eocene toOligocene lacustrine and marine shales in the

Late Miocene to Pliocene migrated intoextensional structures and stratigraphic trapswith reservoirs ranging from deltaic to deep

water clastics and platform margincarbonates

Seals a source of significant risk?

From Thies and others, 2006

23 basins

Mean oil: 21.6 BBO

Mean gas: 299

Offshore potentialsignificant

U ti l

Unconventional resources

Screening for coal-bed gas, shale gas, tightgas, shale oil

Less opportunity here with most of resourceoffshore

US analogs for assessment purposes

M i f ti

More information:

USGS Fact Sheet 2010-3015

schenk@usgs.gov

Chris Schenk Bangkok SPE 2010 3

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