2014_nachhaltige Mobilität Angebote Kommunen End

8/12/2019 2014_nachhaltige Mobilitt Angebote Kommunen End

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KJ.Beckmann:ProStadtKommunalforschung, Beratung, Moderation und Kommunikation

City on the moveRethinking and implementing mobility

7thInternational Congress Cities for MobilityLandeshauptstadt Stuttgart, 01. - 03. Juni 2014

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus J. Beckmann

Academy for Spatial Research and Planning


Achieving sustainable mobility

through intelligent municipal policies(Nachhaltige Mobilitt durch intelligente Angebote von Kommunen)


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Agenda

1. Two scenarios: Sustainable Mobility and E-Mobility

2. Goals and Mega-Trends

3. Changes in mobility behaviour and values

4. Municipal approaches

4.1 Strategies and processes

4.2 Particular measures and activities

5. Conclusion


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Scenario Sustainable Mobility 2035 I

Home-Office

Mobility Package, Flat-Rate Mobility(Public Transport, Car-Sharing, Bike-Sharing, Delivery-Services,)

Options for Mobility:

walking, biking, bike of a bike sharing fleet, pedelec, car of a car-sharing-fleet, public transport (light rail, express bus, bus rapidtransit, neighborhood bus, e-taxi, rickschaw)

Info-package, Mobility app (offers, costs, time, comparisons,)

Information on the way

Intermodal services Integrated Town-/Regional Planning and Transport Planning

Principles : efficiency, consistency, sufficiency


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Scenario Sustainable Mobility 2035 II

Reduction of car ownership Increase of car-sharing and bike-sharing

Increase of intermodality and multimodality

Increased amount of (short-distance) local mobility(walking, biking)


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Scenario e-mobility 2035

Offers of electric vehicles (cars, bicycles) and hybrid vehicles Driverless cars, autonomous driving

Continued use of cars with optimised combustion engines;partial replacement by electric cars

Continued increase in second/third cars

Reduced public transport offerings, car sharing, bike sharing

Dominance of mono-mobility (habitualisation)

Dominance of long-distance orientation

Privileging of electric vehicles (parking, bus lanes, etc.)

Municipal financing of charging stations

Lack of integration between urban/land use planning andtraffic/mobility planning


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Basic assumptions

The time frame similar to the requirementsfor new urbanquality or quality of life is wide open.

The time frame for behavioural changes in the mobility sectoras well as for new mobility concepts is (relatively wide) open.

The main objective is post-fossil mobility. The path and scopeof actions is open.

A new mobility culture will emerge in our cities.

Cities and regions are of great importance for the emergence of

a new mobility culture.

What is important is the transformation process (systemadaptation, system development, participation)


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Three messages !!!

We need a new mobility culture in our citiesusing and fostering the possibilities of changing values andmobility behaviour

For the future of our cities we need an intelligent and innovativeadaption of new technologies for mobility

The present is characterised through windows ofopportunities

Mobility culture means an intelligent handling of mobility,including perspecticves on efficiency, consistency andsufficiency (low-impacts of transport (cars and driving); modal shift;reduction of physical mobility)


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Agenda



3. Changes in mobility behaviour and values

4. Municipal approaches



5. Conclusion


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Mobility and transport in the future...

... stronger integration of land use and transport development

(proximity, transit-oriented development) ... networking between transport modes, carriers, people and

commercial traffic

... with a variety of participation options

... better information ... more decentralised offers, organisations, funding bodies

... demand-driven

... sustainable

despite the counter-productive effects of

... individualised lifestyles

... individualised consumption (teleshopping)


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Trends !? Niche or not?a new culture of mobility

Intermodality and multimodality

Sharing economy

Willingness and commitment to environmental protection(individual environmental control)

Offers of combined modes

Mobility packages (easy booking and optimised billing; flatrates)

Preparatory and accompanying info chains Focus on short distances in mobility and local supply

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Mega-Trends in the development of mobility Chances and limitations for sustainable mobility

Energy transition ++ Climate protection ++

Management of climatic impacts, climate change o

Demographic change ++

Accessibility requirements (e.g. barrier-free infrastructures) +

Social division, exclusion +

Globalisation, liberalisation -

Urban renaissance ++

Technology development +(e.g. electromobility)

Change in values and behavioural change mobility ++

Public debt, debt brake +

Decline of infrastructures o

Rising mobility costs ++(energy prices, user financing)

K.J.Beckmann

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Approaches to reducing CO2-emissions in transport

Increased efficiency:vehicles, driving behaviourefficiency!

Consistency:zero-emission mobility, renewable energysources, non-motorised private transport, (local)public transport

consistency!

Sufficiency:traffic reductionsufficiency!

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Thesis I

Urban renaissance trendseven re-urbanisationas well ashigher quality of life in the cities stimulate sustainable urbantransport.

Opportunities can be found in informed mobility behaviour,

with a transport system featuring diverse transport choices andtransport combinations.

To this end, the willingness and tendencies toward value andbehavioural changes in the mobility sector need to be stabilised,

supported and promoted.

We need to rethink mobility! New mobility culture

K. J. Beckmann

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Thesis II

To promote values and behavioural change, the following isneeded:

Clear and wisely negotiated objectives

The intensive involvement of citizens and businesses(participation)

Consistent strategies

Political courage

A high level of consistency and reliability of negotiationstrategies

Clever combinations of measures for increasing efficiency,expanding consistency and verifying sufficiency

A conscious, but not ideological configuration of trafficprevention, modal shifts in traffic forms and compatible traffic

K. J. Beckmann

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Thesis III

Urban growth must be combined either with subdued trafficgrowth or without any traffic growth whatsoever.

A reduction in specific traffic must be achieved (per inhabitant,per production unit, etc.), and especially in specific traffic impacts(total emissions, the numbers of those affected).

The return effects here include improvements of urban qualities(quality of life in cities)and thus the increased attractiveness ofcities.

K. J. Beckmann

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Sustainability essential concept and guiding principle forplanning disciplines (cities, regions, transport, infrastructure)

Sustainability with

economic stability anddevelopment

social justice and socialresponsibility

environmental responsibility andefficiency

In compilance with

The physical and mental-emotional states of the people

The preservation and furtherdevelopment of cultural heritage

The requirements of futuregenerations

Sustainability Trias/ Quintupel

Social

Economical Ecological

SustainabilityNachhaltigkeit

Mental-

emotional

and

physical

Cultural

K. J. Beckmann

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OECD (Vancouver (1996)): GUIDING PRINCIPLES forSustainable Transportation

Access: People are entitled to reasonable access to other people, places, goods and services. Equity : Nation states and the transportation community must strive to ensure social,

interregional and inter-generational equity, meeting the basic transportation-related needs of allpeople including women, the poor, the rural, and the disabled.

Health and Safety: Transportation systems should be designed and operated in a way thatprotects the health (physical, mental and social well-being) and safety of all people, and enhancesthe quality of life in communities.

Individual Responsibility :All individuals have a responsibility to act as stewards of thenatural environment, undertaking to make sustainable choices with regard to personal movementand consumption.

Integrated Planning: Transportation decision makers have a responsibility to pursue moreintegrated approaches to planning.

Pollution Prevention: Transportation needs must be met without generating emissions thatthreaten public health, global climate, biological diversity or the integrity of essential ecological

processes. Land and Resource Use: Transportation systems must make efficient use of land and

other natural resources while ensuring the preservation of vital habitats and other requirements formaintaining biodiversity.

Fuller Cost Accounting: Transportation decision makers must move as expeditiously aspossible toward fuller cost accounting, reflecting the true social, economic and environmental costs,in order to ensure users pay an equitable share of costs.

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European Commission White Paper COM (2011)144WHITE PAPER Roadmap to a Single European Transport AreaTowards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

(selection)

Halve the use of conventionally-fuelled cars in urban transportby 2030; phase them out in cities by 2050 (1)

achieve essentially CO2-free city logistics in major urban centresby 2030 (1)

By 2050, connect all core network airports to the rail network (6)

By 2050, move close to zero fatalities in road transport. (9)

Move towards full application of user pays and polluter pays

principles and private sector engagement to eliminatedistortions, including harmful subsidies, generate revenues andensure financing for future transport investments. (10)

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Zurich Municipal Code (Art. 2quinquies and Art. 124)

1

The city of Zurich is taking measures to protect the population againstthe negative impacts of traffic.

The city of Zurich is firmly committed to public transport, pedestrianand bicycle traffic and in particular encourages the tangentialconnections of public transport and a continuous cycle route networkalong or parallel to the main axes.

The construction or upgrading of high-speed and major roads ispermitted only under the condition that this does not increase thecapacity of the entire road network for motorised traffic. The city acts inaccordance with this principle in the context of its legal options andrepresents this principle in its dealings with higher authorities.

Within ten years of Art. 2 quinquies(new) coming into effect, the

percentage of public transport, pedestrian and bicycle traffic in the totaltraffic of the city of Zurich shall be increased by at least 10 percentagepoints; decisive here are the distances travelled within the city limits interms of overall traffic. The city of Zurich is to meet the necessarymeasures and publish an annual progress report.

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Berlin(2008)

Berlin(2025)

Wien(2012)

Wien(2020)

Zrich(2010)

Zrich(2025)

Mnchen(2000)

Mnchen(Szenario

2015"BewussteMobilitt")

Stuttgart(2009/2010)

Stuttgart(2025)

public transport bicylcle pedestrian ecomobility motorised individual transport (car) ???

Modal Splitstatus quo and development goals in comparison,increase of ecomobility

?

?

?

?

?

??

?

?

?

?

??

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Agenda



3. Changes in mobility behaviour and values4. Municipal approaches



5. Conclusion

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The importance of mobile, internet, car,partner(ship)

I can not imagine a life without

mobile

internet

car

partner

age 14-29

total population

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source: KBA, Bratzel 2011, additional translation.

Car ownership rate of young men in Germanysignificantly decreasing

by age groups

(cars per 1.000 maleinhabitants)

(actual stocks of cars in Mio.)

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Quelle: T. Kuhnimhof/ ifmo, 2011.

share of young car owners

using cars daily:

using PT once a week:

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Car-Sharing in Germany 1997-2014

Carsharingnumberof

vehilces

Carsharingnumberofusers

user free-floating

user station based/traditional sharing

vehicles station based/traditional sharing

vehicles free-floating

source: VCD based on data material of the Bundesverband Car-Sharing, 2014. (own translation)

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Bike Rental SystemsExamples 2012

source: nextbike, 2012: Public Bike Sharing.

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MultimodalTransport

Behaviour inGermany

source:UweKunert,SabineRadke,BastianChlond,

MartinKagerbauer(2013):AutomobilityinFlux:More

WomenandOlderD

riversattheWheel.In:DIW

(ed.):

EconomicBulletin0

8/2013.


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Multimodalityalready reality for major parts of the populationPercent of persons using a transport mode within a week in Germany

all (car, pt, bicycle),5%

bicycle and pt / nocar, 7%

only walk and pass,6%

only bicycle / no car, 5%

only pt / no car, 11%

only car (no pt, nobicycle), 39%

bicycle and car / no

pt, 16%

pt and car / nobicycle, 10%

source: B.Chlond/T.Kuhnimhof, Fahrrad und V versus MIV? Analysen zur Konkurrenz und Synergie vonVerkehrsmitteln. Vortrag Meetbike Konferenz Dresden am 12.3.2009

classification of means oftransport (bycicle, car, pt)within a week!

~ 60% monomodal(always using one mode of transport)

~ 40% multimodal(using different modes of transport on aregular base)

~ 60% ecomobility(using bicycle, public transport, walking)

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Driving licence holder among adult population, car usedriver/passenger and multimodality by age groups and

population of the municipality

source: Beckmann, u.a., Internationales Verkehrswesen 04/2006, S. 143.

number of

inhabitantsof themunicipality

age groups

multimodal,PT usage regular

multimodal,PT usage limited

car driver, no usage of PT

only car passenger

No driving license

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Mobidrive(Karlsruhe): modal split(all purposes of transport/mobility (periode of observation 42 days))

Verkehrsmittelanteile -alleWegezwecke(Mobidrive, Karlsruhe, individuelle Werte)

Verkehrsmittelanteil

100

80

60

40

20

0

Pedestrian in %

Bicycle in %

Motor car passengerin %

Public transport in %

Individual motor cartraffic in %

[%]

159persons

(source: von der Ruhren, Rindsfser, Beckmann 2004, own translation)

(sorted by the dominance of transport mode)

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Institut fr Mobilitt & VerkehrInstitut fr Mobilitt & VerkehrInstitut fr Mobilitt & Verkehr

Long term mobility/modal split-scenarios for Mnster- allkilometers within town (Argus / Difu, 2010)

e-bicycles

Abbildungsquelle:Hartm

utTopp,StdtischeMobilittohneEmissioneneine

Vision?,8./9.09.2011S.13.

traff

icperformance/kilometersperday

pedestrian bicycle public transport car

Scenariobase

Scenariosettlement

strong needsfor adjustments

medium needsfor adjustments

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New chances for a changed mobility culture

reduced importance of cars as symbols of status

vehicle use instead of vehicle ownership (Car-Sharing, Call-a-

E-car, Call-a-E-bike) intelligent use of modes (intermodality, multimodality)

sustainable, efficient and C-reduced mobility

Integration of mobility management in other services (housingrelated services, cooperation with business and housing

companies,)

K. J. Beckmann


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Integrative enforcement of sustainable mobility

settlement and site related development

planning - management of uses

integrated traffic development planning

infrastructure Traffic and transport management Mobility management

Pattern of activities

Accessibility/grace of location

choice of location(long term)

Strategic management of traffic and mobility

Intermodal/multimodal strategies

Mobility management local/regional business/company related target groups

intermodal/multimodal strategies

Traffic management (dynamic) traffic control strategies

breakdown and accident strategies event strategies

Information and

steering systems

car PT

Individualised

information/

guidance

systems

mobility behaviour vehicle configuration mobility culture

(long term/medium term)

modal split choice of destinations route selection

choice of time(short term nature)

route selection driving behaviour

K. J. Beckmann

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Integrated urban development as the basis for asustainable cityspheres of activity

Urbandevelopment

Coexistence/integration

Labour +employment Economy Family,children, youth

Housing + localliving environment

Infrastructure+ traffic/mobility

Environment,health

School,education

Safety/security

K. J. Beckmann

Culture

Integrated

urban

development

City

Traffic

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Urban planning principles with potential mobilityeffects Moderation of the suburbanisation of housing, work, trade Using the opportunities of rail-based urban development

(transit oriented development)

Density, minimum density, redensification, inner-urbandevelopment

Mixed uses, proximity/neighbourhood (accessibility of socialenvironment)

Polycentricity (citywide or regional accessibility)

Quality of urban space, road space, open space (attractive livingenvironments)

Expansion of offers(in-patient services, mobile services, Internet-based services, transportation services, etc.)

Environmental qualities

Accessibility management

Land (use)management

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New measures of Mobility ManagementInterdependencies between Settlement and Traffic

integrated development

of rail and town

in the region

functional mix,

urban qualitiesrail revival

traffic

diminution and

modal shift

reinforced

centers

car oriented urban sprawl

traffic volumes

recreated after source: BAHN.VILLE, 2001

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Urban development concept MunichUrban-Kompakt-Grn (urban, compact, green)

Quelle: Landeshauptstadt Mnchen, 1995, S. 42

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Functional spatial concept MnsterStadt der kurzen Wege (city of short distances)

(Quelle: Stadt Mnster, 1997)

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Extended range of options for post-fossil mobility

Maintenance, upgrading and expanding social environment inthe near (local environment)with usage options (work, education,social infrastructure, utilities, services, leisure, recreation, etc.)

Promoting pedestrian traffic and bicycle traffic as means oftravel in the local environment

Enhancement of the expansion and usage areas for bicyclesthrough electric bicycles (pedelecs, e-bikes, segways):accessibility, physical strain, vehicle payload

Car sharing, rental cars (using instead of owning)

Public bicycles, public pedelecs, public cars

Expansion of more differentiated offers in public transport

Intermodality

Multimodality

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Elements of innovative solutions in the field of trafficand transport

strengthening local/short-distance mobility (e.g. design ofpublic space/road space, Shared Space)

rental bikes

auxiliary engines (Pedelec, E-Bike)

electronic booking (Call a Bike)

velo-parking

Car-Sharing (car2go, car2gether,

Flinkster, Stadtmobil, drivenow,)

electric-vehicles (V, Auto,Fahrrad)

mobility cards (vehicle sharing, PT,parking fees)

intelligent payment systems

info chains (accompanying,preparatory)

parking space management

Road toll, city toll

K. J. Beckmann

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Mobilittsmanagement fr

spezielle Zielgruppen bzw.

Einrichtungen

MM an Schulen

MM fr Kinder und Jugendliche

MM an Wohnstandorten

MM an Krankenhusern

MM an Groeinrichtungen fr Freizeitund Einkauf

MM fr Touristen

...

2003, Stand des MM in Deutschland und im Ausland



Einrichtungen

MM an Schulen



MM an Krankenhusern


MM fr Touristen

...

2003, Stand des MM in Deutschland und im Ausland

Organisation und Koordination

von stdtischem/regionalem Mobilittsmanagement

Initiierung der anderen Handlungsfelder

Schaffung neuer Angebote, wie z.B. CarSharing,Lieferdienste, Radstationen, neue V-Tickets...

Politische und organisatorische Verankerungdes MM

Erstellung eines Mobilitts-Leitbildes

u.a.







u.a.

Betriebliches

Mobilittsmanagement

Arbeits- und Wegeorganisation frArbeitnehmer

Motivation der Arbeitnehmer fr einenachhaltige Mobilitt, auch durchVorbildwirkungen

verkehrliche Manahmen im Berufs-,Dienstreise- und Gterverkehr, u.a.Fahrgemeinschaften, JobTickets,Parkraumbewirtschaftung,Informationsbereitstellung, neue

Angebote, Fuhrparkmanagement etc.

IS

Betriebliches

Mobilittsmanagement

Arbeits- und Wegeorganisation frArbeitnehmer


verkehrliche Manahmen im Berufs-,Dienstreise- und Gterverkehr, u.a.Fahrgemeinschaften, JobTickets,Parkraumbewirtschaftung,Informationsbereitstellung, neue

Angebote, Fuhrparkmanagement etc.

IS

Mobilittsberatung und

Mobilittszentralen

intermodale Information und Beratung

Ticketvertrieb und Reservierung auseiner Hand

Abwicklung neuer Mobilittsangebote

Durchfhrung von Kampagnen

telefonische, elektronische undpersnliche Kundenansprache berCallCenter/Hotline, Mobilittsportaleim Internet, Auskunftsterminals,Kundenzentren des V/Mobilittszentralen etc.


Mobilittszentralen








Handlungsfelder des Mobilittsmanagements



Einrichtungen

MM an Schulen



MM an Krankenhusern


MM fr Touristen

...

Betriebliches

Mobilittsmanagement


Mobilittszentralen

Arbeits-und Wegeorganisation frArbeitnehmer


verkehrliche Manahmen im Berufs -,Dienstreise-und Gterverkehr, u.a.Fahrgemeinschaften, JobTickets,Parkraumbewirtschaftung,Informationsbereitstellung, neueAngebote, Fuhrparkmanagement etc.






ISB 2003, Stand des MM in Deutschland und im Ausland





u.a.



Fields of action in mobility management



Einrichtungen

MM an Schulen



MM an Krankenhusern


MM fr Touristen

...

Betriebliches

Mobilittsmanagement


Mobilittszentralen

Arbeits-und Wegeorganisation frArbeitnehmer


verkehrliche Manahmen im Berufs -,Dienstreise-und Gterverkehr, u.a.Fahrgemeinschaften, JobTickets,Parkraumbewirtschaftung,Informationsbereitstellung, neueAngebote, Fuhrparkmanagement etc.






ISB 2003, Stand des MM in Deutschland und im Ausland





u.a.

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Stdtebauliche Bemessung (urban dimensioning)

Randnutzung (side use)

Fugnger (pedestrians)

Proportionen (proportions)

Bildquelle: RASt06, S. 11.

erforderlicheSeitenraumbreite(necessary sidewalk dimensions)

mgliche Fahrbahnbreite(possible road/lane dimensions)

Abwgung(balancing of interests)

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London / Greater LondonShared Space:Oxfordstreet

Quelle: TfL

Before

After

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Shared Space Chambry

Jrg Thiemann-Linden

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Shared Space Duisburg

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Digital infrastructure, electric infrastructure in synergeticcombination with e-mobility

Abbildungsquelle: Wilhelm Kistner, 2011: Elektromobilitt novelliert den Vertrieb im Automobilmarkt, S. 48.

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Mobil in Dsseldorf;

mobility flat-rates

AbbildungsquelleFlyer:Rheinbahn,2012.

Quelle: http://www.steig-ein.de

Quelle: http://www.steig-ein.de

Quelle: www.car2go.com

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Berlin: BerlinelektroMobil

AbbildungsquelleFlyer:

www.bemobility.de

Fotos: C. Albrecht / J. Thiemann-Linden

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Source: Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart (2013): Verkehrsentwicklungskonzept 2030, p. 38 and 39.

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Car2Go

Institut fr Mobilitt & VerkehrInstitut fr Mobilitt & VerkehrInstitut fr Mobilitt & Verkehr

car2go

GeschftsgebietAbbildungsquelle:H

artmutTopp,StdtischeMo

bilittohneEmissionenein

e

Vision?,8./9.09.201

1S.33.

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New York: new urban mobility bike-sharing network andbicycle lanes

Development and qualitativeupgrade of bicycle infrastructures

Step-by-step extension of bicycle-sharing systems

Lower Manhattan

Quelle: NYCPlanning , 2011.

Quelle:NYCPlanning,2009.

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Parking for BicyclesApeldoorn, Den Haag, Mnster

Fotos: Jrg Thiemann-Linden.

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London: Barclays Bank Cycle Superhighways

Jrg Thiemann-Linden.

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New offersrent a bicycle(station based versus free floating)


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INTEGRATION BicyclePublic Transport

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Berlin-Friedrichsstraee-mobility


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Abbildungsquelle: Julius Menge, 2012: Relevance of commercial transport from a munocipalitys perspective. Folie 19.

- different offers for (local) freight transport (last mile)

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Agenda



3. Changes in mobility behaviour and values4. Municipal approaches



5. Conclusion

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New mobility culture trends are only sustainable with...

the reduction of counter-productive conditions(e.g. commuter allowance)

the expansion of networks and informational support extensive relinquishment of extension roads (no capacity

expansions, at best, reduction of critical bottlenecks)

the use of the current time frame

the stabilisation of trends toward changing ideals and mobility

behaviour among younger people through offers and socialcommunication.

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Success will only come about through

Integrated approaches

Urban/settlement development and transport (environmentalcompatibility, traffic compatibility of settlements)

Information, consulting, incentives, management, operation, and (rarely)construction

All means of transportation

Preference for modernisation over new construction and expansion

Greater consideration for...

Healthcare

Environmental protection

Climate protection Energy efficiency

Active participation and active contribution of citizens (citizens are oftenfurther along than politicians)

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Sustainable mobility, sustainable urban traffic

Accessibility more important than speed

(compact settlement structure, mixed use, polycentric urban structure)

Expansion of the set of choices for mobility options and information(apps)

New principles of urban/regional/metropolitan mobility

Less possession of drivers licenses and car ownership in motorised

age groups

Use of electric bikes to expand the usage areas of bicycles (distance,topography)

Use of electric vehicles (battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles,etc.)but not 1:1 replacement of internal combustion vehicles

Use combustion vehicles with enhanced efficiency Electric vehicles for delivery/distributional traffic

Promoting new mobility culture (location consulting, mobility consulting,mobility management)

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Conclusion

Mobility as (requirement for) participation remains important;mobility in terms of being physically on the go is becomingless important (virtual mobility, mobility in the social environment,slow traffic);

decreasing importance of motorized mobility as lifestyle

Intermodality and multimodality are increasingthey bringbenefits and are enjoyable due to budding control-competence

A (gradually) increasing ecological responsibility supports the

new culture of mobility Increasing openness toward a sharing economy and eco-

innovation

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Three messages !!!

We need a new mobility culture in our citiesusing and fostering the possibilities of changing values andmobility behaviour

For the future of our cities we need an intelligent and innovativeadaption of new technologies for mobility

The present is characterised through windows of

opportunities

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Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

vielen Dank fr Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!

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Akademie fr Raumforschung und

Landesplanung (ARL)

Leibniz-Forum fr Raumwissenschaften

Hohenzollernstr. 11

30161 Hannover

Tel.: +49 511 34842-0

Fax: +49 511 34842-41

E-Mail: [email protected]

Internet: www.arl-net.de


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2014_nachhaltige Mobilität Angebote Kommunen End