adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowvevebilawlibrary.info/ge/books/giz2009-ge-echr-compilation-of-articles.pdf · evropul saxelmwifoebs, romlebSic demokratiuli principebi mya

konstantine korkelia (red.)

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowvevebi

statiaTa krebuli

Tbilisi, 2009

Konstantin Korkelia (Red.)Moderne Herausforderungen des MenschenrechtsschutzesAufsatzsammlungTbilissi, 2009

krebuli gamocemulia germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoe-bis (GTZ) finansuri mxardaWeriT. gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebani, daskvnebi da ganmartebani ar unda iqnes ganxiluli, rogorc germaniis te-qnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis (GTZ) mosazrebani.

© germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba (GTZ), 2009© statiaTa avtorebi, 2009

krebulis eleqtruli versia SegiZliaT ixiloTYinternet gverdze: www.gtz.de/law-caucasus

ISBN 978-9941-9063-8-1

Projekt:Unterstützung des Rechts- und Gerichtssystems in GeorgienRustaveli Allee 300140 Tbilissi, GeorgienTel.: +995 (32) 933712Fax: +995 (32) 997764www.gtz.de/law-caucasus

proeqti:saqarTvelos samarTlisa da sasamarTlo sistemis xelSewyobarusTavelis gamz. 300140 Tbilisitel.: +995 (32) 933712faqsi: +995 (32) 997764www.gtz.de/law-caucasus

GTZ-ის შესახებ

ჩვენი მიზანიშპს გერ მა ნი ის ტექ ნი კუ რი თა ნამ შ რომ ლო ბის სა ზო გა დო ე ბა (GTZ) არის მსოფ

ლიო მას შ ტა ბის გაერთიანება სა ერ თა შო რი სო თა ნამ შ რომ ლო ბი სა და მდგრა დი გან ვი თა რე ბის დარ გ ში. ის მხარს უჭერს გერ მა ნი ის ფე დე რა ლურ მთავ რო ბას განვი თა რე ბის პო ლი ტი კის მიზ ნე ბის გან ხორ ცი ე ლე ბა ში. GTZ სთა ვა ზობს გლო ბა ლიზე ბულ მსოფ ლი ოს აქ ტუ ა ლუ რი პო ლი ტი კუ რი, ეკო ნო მი კუ რი, ეკო ლო გი უ რი და სო ცი ა ლუ რი სა კითხე ბის გა დაჭ რის მო მა ვალ ზე ორი ენ ტი რე ბულ გზებს, იგი მხარს უჭერს კომ პ ლექ სურ რე ფორ მებს და გან ვი თა რე ბის პრო ცე სებს რთულ პი რო ბებშიც კი. მი სი მი ზა ნი ა ადა მი ა ნე ბის ცხოვ რე ბის პი რო ბე ბის მდგრა დი გა უმ ჯო ბე სე ბა.

ჩვე ნი დამ კ ვე თე ბიGTZ არის ფე დე რა ლუ რი გაერთიანება, რომ ლის სა თავო ოფი სი გან თავ სე ბუ

ლია ეშ ბორ ნ ში, მა ი ნის ფრან კ ფურ ტ თან. ის ჩა მო ყა ლიბ და 1975 წელს, რო გორც კერ ძო სა მარ თ ლის იური დი უ ლი პი რი. მი სი მთა ვა რი დამ კ ვე თია გერ მა ნი ის ეკონო მი კუ რი თა ნამ შ რომ ლო ბი სა და გან ვი თა რე ბის ფე დე რა ლუ რი სა მი ნის ტ რო (BMZ). გარ და ამი სა, ის მუ შა ობს სხვა ფე დე რა ლუ რი უწყე ბე ბის, ასე ვე სხვა ქვეყნე ბის მთავ რო ბე ბის, სა ერ თა შო რი სო ორ გა ნი ზა ცი ე ბის დაკ ვე თით, რო გო რები ცაა: ევ რო კო მი სი ა, გა ე რო ან მსოფ ლიო ბან კი, აგ რეთ ვე კერ ძო ორ გა ნი ზა ცი ე ბის დავა ლე ბი თაც. GTZ თა ვის ამო ცა ნებს ახორ ცი ე ლებს სა ერ თო სარ გებ ლო ბი სათ ვის. ზედ მე ტი თან ხე ბი გა მო ი ყე ნე ბა მხო ლოდ სა კუ თა რი პრო ექ ტე ბი სათ ვის, სა ერ თაშო რი სო თა ნამ შ რომ ლო ბი სა და მდგრა დი გან ვი თა რე ბის მხარ და სა ჭე რად.

მსოფ ლიო მას შ ტა ბიGTZ წარ მოდ გე ნი ლია აფ რი კის, აზი ის, ლა თი ნუ რი ამე რი კის, ხმელ თა შუა

ზღვის პი რე თი სა და ახ ლო აღ მო სავ ლე თის რე გი ო ნე ბის, ასე ვე ევ რო პის, კავ კა სიი სა და შუა აზი ის 120ზე მეტ ქვე ყა ნა ში. აქე დან 92 ქვე ყა ნა ში მას სა კუ თა რი ოფისე ბი აქვს. მთე ლ მსოფ ლი ოში მას და საქ მე ბუ ლი ჰყავს 12 000 ადა მი ა ნი, აქე დან 9 000 ად გი ლობ რი ვი თა ნამ შ რო მე ლი ა. ეშ ბორ ნის ცენ ტ რა ლურ ოფისსა და გერმა ნი ის სხვა ოფი სებ ში და ახ ლო ე ბით 1 500 ადა მი ა ნი მუ შა ობს.

სამ ხ რეთ კავ კა სი ის ქვეყ ნებ ში BMZის და ვა ლე ბით GTZ სხვა დას ხ ვა პრო ექტს ახორ ცი ე ლებს სა მარ თ ლი სა და იუს ტი ცი ის რე ფორ მე ბის მხარ და სა ჭე რად. ამ პროექ ტე ბის ფარ გ ლებ ში მუ შა ო ბენ რო გორც მოკ ლე, ისე გრძელ ვა დი ა ნი მოწ ვე უ ლი ექ ს პერ ტე ბი, რომ ლე ბიც ახორ ცი ე ლე ბენ სა კა ნონ მ დებ ლო კონ სულ ტა ცი ას და ატა რე ბენ კვა ლი ფი კა ცი ის ასა მაღ ლე ბელ ღო ნის ძი ე ბებს, ასე ვე მო ნა წი ლე ო ბენ სპე ცი ა ლურ კონ ფე რენ ცი ებ ში. პუბ ლი კა ცი ე ბის – მა სა ლა თა კრე ბუ ლების – ფარ გლებ ში გა მო ი ცე მა მოხ სე ნე ბე ბი, ასე ვე პრო ექ ტე ბის სხვა მა სა ლე ბი. გარ და ამი სა, გა მო ი ცე მა პე რი ო დუ ლი სპე ცი ა ლუ რი ლი ტე რა ტუ რაც.

sarCevi

konstantine korkelia

winasityvaoba ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Tamar aleqsiZe

konfliqtis regionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis moqalaqeobis statusis problemebi saxelmwifoTaSoris urTierTobebSi — saqarTvelosa da ruseTis magaliTze ................................................................................................................................................................... 9

irine barTaia

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso dokumentebis eqstrateritoriuli gamoyeneba _ saerTaSoriso meqanizmebisa da erovnuli sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi ................................................................................................ 26

besarion boxaSvili

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebi _ precedentuli samarTliT dadgenili uaxlesi standartebi .......................................................................................................................... 62

gaga gabriCiZe

normaTa ierarqia da adamianis uflebebi .............................................................................................. 88

eva gociriZe

àbsoluturi aucilebloba~ — myari kriteriumi Tu kompromisuli pirobiToba? (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlis ganmartebisaTvis) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 98

naTia kalandariSvili

saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saSualeba konfliqtiT dazaralebul qveynebSi ........................................................................... 129

iens maier-ladevigi

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo da brZola terorizmisa da separatizmis winaaRmdeg ............................................................................................................................................. 145

levan mesxoraZe

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris mniSvneloba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos instituciuri reformis WrilSi ............................................... 168

simon papuaSvili

sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT..... 178

nino ruxaZe

saxelmwifo suvereniteti da adamianis uflebebi ...................................................................... 193

nino farsadaniSvili

legalizebuli mkvleloba .......................................................................................................................................... 209

salome Sulaia

evropul saxelmwifoTa sakonstitucio sasamarTloebi — erovnul doneze saqmis warmoebis bolo instancia adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvamde.................................................................................................................. 232

nana WiRlaZe

sayovelTao monawileobis aqtualuri sakiTxebi qarTul saarCevno kanonmdeblobaSi .................................................................................................................................................................... 272

avtorTa Sesaxeb .................................................................................................................................................................... 295

7

winasityvaoba

saxelmwifoSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis xarisxi obieqturad asaxavs

demokratiisa da samarTlis uzenaesobis principebis cxovrebaSi gatare�

bis dones. adamianis uflebaTa dacva Zalze mgrZnobiarea politikuri

daZabulobis, ekonomikuri krizisisa Tu socialuri sirTuleebis mimarT

da, rogorc wesi, masze uSualod aisaxeba am faqtorebis moqmedeba.

evropul saxelmwifoebs, romlebSic demokratiuli principebi mya�

rad aris damkvidrebuli, araerTxel mouxdaT am problemebTan gamkla�

veba da maTi gamocdilebis gaziareba udavod daexmareba saqarTvelos,

SedarebiT iolad gadalaxos es problemebi da, mravali sirTulis

miuxedavad, saTanadod uzrunvelyos adamianis uflebaTa dacva qveyana�

Si. amitom yuradRebas ipyroben is saxelmwifoebi, romelTa kanonmdeb�

lobisa da praqtikis gacnoba mkiTxvels miscems SesaZleblobas, imsje�

los am qveynebSi moqmedi adamianis uflebaTa sistemebis saqarTveloSi

damkvidrebis mizanSewonilobaze.

winamdebare statiaTa krebuli miznad isaxavs, mkiTxvels gaacnos

sxva saxelmwifoebis, gansakuTrebiT evropuli saxelmwifoebisa da ada�

mianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos, praqtika. am praqtikis gacnoba

SeiZleba gaxdes garkveuli orientiri qveyanaSi adamianis uflebaTa Se�

saxeb kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis srulyofis TvalsazrisiT.

statiebis avtorebi rogorc praqtikosi, ise mecnieri iuristebi

arian. isini Tavisufalni iyvnen statiebis Tematikis SerCevaSi, amitom

statiebis Tematika bunebrivad asaxavs im sakiTxebs, romlebic, avtore�

bis azriT, gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa dRevandeli saqarTvelosaTvis.

krebulSi ganxilulia mravali saintereso Tema, maT Soris: sicocxlis

uflebasa da wamebis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebuli saxelmwifos pozi�

tiuri valdebulebebi, Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis

evropuli standartebi, terorizmisa da separatizmis winaaRmdeg brZo�

la adamianis uflebaTa dacvis konteqstSi, adamianis uflebaTa eqstra�

teritoriuli dacva, evropuli sasamarTlos instituciuri reforma,

8


konfliqtis regionSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis moqalaqeobis statusis

problemebi, normaTa ierarqia da adamianis uflebaTa dacva, saarCevno

kanonmdeblobis aqtualuri sakiTxebi, sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis

samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom es krebuli germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sa�

zogadoebis mxardaWerili rigiT mesame msgavsi gamocemaa. pirveli krebuli

(àdamianis uflebaTa evropuli standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze~) gamoica 2006 wels, xolo meore (àdamia�

nis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli da erovnuli sistemebi~) _ 2007 wels.

pirvelma orma krebulma Zalze dadebiTi Sefaseba daimsaxura far�

To sazogadoebaSi da swored aseTma Sefasebam ganapiroba kidev erTi

krebulis gamocema, romelic amjerad Tbilisis saxelmwifo universi�

tetis iuridiul fakultetTan arsebul saerTaSoriso samarTlis ins�

titutTan erToblivad Sesrulda.

gulwrfeli madloba minda gadavuxado germaniis teqnikuri TanamS�

romlobis sazogadoebis (GTZ) `saqarTvelos samarTlisa da sasamarT�

lo sistemis xelSewyobis~ proeqtis xelmZRvanels, qalbaton francis�

ka bioms da `samxreT kavkasiaSi samarTlisa da iusticiis reformebis~

proeqtis jgufis xelmZRvanels, baton Salva papuaSvils, romlebmac

ara mxolod mxari dauWires am krebulis gamocemas, aramed didi wvlili

Seitanes proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi.

minda gamovTqva imedi, rom krebuli xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi

adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso da evropuli standartebis, aseve

sxva evropuli saxelmwifoebis gamocdilebis gaziarebas, rac sabolood

ganamtkicebs adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sistemas qveyanaSi.

statiebSi gamoxatulia avtorTa Sexedulebani, romlebic SeiZleba

ar emTxveodes im organizaciaTa poziciebs, sadac isini moRvaweoben.

krebuli gankuTvnilia rogorc iuridiuli profesiebis warmomadgen�

lebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT mosamarTleebisaTvis, advokatebisa da saxa�

lxo damcvelis aparatis TanamSromlebisTvis, ise adamianis uflebaTa

sakiTxebiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.


adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis profesori

2009 wlis ivnisi

9

konfliqtis regionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis moqalaqeobis statusis problemebi saxelmwifoTaSoris urTierTobebSi —saqarTvelosa da ruseTis magaliTze

Tamar aleqsiZe

1. Sesavali

2008 wlis oqtomberSi q. bolcanoSi evropuli akademiisa da euTos

erovnuli umciresobebis dargSi umaRlesi komisris ofisis erToblivi

iniciativiT konferencia gaimarTa.1 RonisZieba miznad isaxavda umaR�

lesi komisris im rekomendaciebis farTo ganxilvas, romlebic SemuSav�

da erovnul umciresobebTan mimarTebiT saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTier�umciresobebTan mimarTebiT saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTier� mimarTebiT saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTier�

Tobebis WrilSi. dokumenti, romelic 2008 wlis ivnisiT aris daTari�dokumenti, romelic 2008 wlis ivnisiT aris daTari� romelic 2008 wlis ivnisiT aris daTari�

Rebuli, misi Tanmdevi ganmartebiTi baraTiTurT, im saxelmZRvanelo

principebis nusxas Seicavs, romlebic euTos wevrma saxelmwifoebma

erovnul umciresobebTan mimarTebiT sakuTari saxelmwifo politikis

gansazRvrisas unda gaiTvaliswinon.2 aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelo�

ruseTis xanmokle, magram sakmaod mZime Sedegebis momtani omis gad� xanmokle, magram sakmaod mZime Sedegebis momtani omis gad�

mosaxedidan msgavsi tipis rekomendaciebis arseboba sayuradReboa ara

mxolod mecnieruli, aramed praqtikuli TvalsazrisiTac: arsebul

saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv bazaze dayrdnobiT SemuSavda erTad Tav� bazaze dayrdnobiT SemuSavda erTad Tav�

moyril rekomendaciaTa nusxa, romlebic, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, erovnu�

li umciresobebis sferoSi moqmedi standartebis Teoriul daxvewas

1 samxreT tirolis regionuli centri àlto adije/samxreT tirolis” regioni, italia.2 OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, The Bolzano/Bozen Recommendations on Na-

tional Minorities in Inter-State Relations, Explanatory Note, The Hague, June, 2008 (SemdgomSi _ `bolcanos rekomendaciebi”).

10

Tamar aleqsiZe

emsaxureba. amavdroulad, rekomendaciebi saxelmwifo politikis warm�amavdroulad, rekomendaciebi saxelmwifo politikis warm� rekomendaciebi saxelmwifo politikis warm�

marTveli subieqtebisaTvis mcire praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelocaa.

TviTgamocxadebuli reJimebis oficialur cnobamde (2008 wlis 26

agvisto) agvistos omis erT�erTma monawile mxarem _ ruseTma _ samx�

edro intervenciis gziT saqarTvelos suverenitetisa da teritoriuli

mTlianobis xelyofis motivad cxinvalis regionis/ e.w. samxreT oseTis

teritoriaze mcxovrebi sakuTari moqalaqeebis interesebis dacva daas�

axela. mosaxleobis absoluturi umravlesoba orive konfliqtis re�

gionSi swored ruseTis federaciis (rf) pasports flobs, rac araerT

samarTlebriv problemas da gaugebrobas warmoSobs.

winamdebare statiis mizania, mokled mimoixilos euTos erovnuli

umciresobebis dargSi umaRlesi komisris, e.w. bolcanos, rekomenda� dargSi umaRlesi komisris, e.w. bolcanos, rekomenda�e.w. bolcanos, rekomenda� bolcanos, rekomenda�bolcanos, rekomenda� rekomenda�

ciebi, mis WrilSi gaaanalizos saqarTveloSi konfliqtis regionebSi

mcxovrebi mosaxleobis moqalaqeobis statusi, rogorc ruseTis samxe�

dro intervenciis erT�erTi winapiroba da Seafasos: a) Tu ramdenad le�a) Tu ramdenad le� Tu ramdenad le�le�

gitimuria e.w. ̀ monaTesave saxelmwifos~ mier adgilmdebareobis saxelm� e.w. ̀ monaTesave saxelmwifos~ mier adgilmdebareobis saxelm�e.w. ̀ monaTesave saxelmwifos~ mier adgilmdebareobis saxelm� ̀ monaTesave saxelmwifos~ mier adgilmdebareobis saxelm�

wifos (igive `mimRebi saxelmwifos~) teritoriaze mcxovrebi erovnuli/

eTnikuri umciresobis dacvis moTxovna da misi aRsrulebis formebi; b)

ganixilos, Tu ramdenad Seesabameboda da Seesabameba konfliqtis mxare

(ruseTis federacia) mis mier nakisr `monaTesave saxelmwifos~ rols.

2. bolcanos rekomendaciebi da euTos erovnul umciresobaTa umaRlesi komisris mandati

erovnul umciresobaTa uflebebi adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSor� umciresobaTa uflebebi adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSor�

iso samarTlis Semadgeneli nawilia. aRniSnuli uflebebi sxva adami�

anis uflebebTan SedarebiT ierarqiulad ufro maRal safexurze ar

dgas, vinaidan isini logikurad gamomdinareobs adamianis ZiriTadi

uflebebidan da Tavisuflebebidan. erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebi

garkveul jgufs mikuTvnebul, garkveul jgufTan TviTidentificire�TviTidentificire�

bul pirovnebebs mxolod damatebiTi dacvis garantiebs uqmnis da am

gziT uzrunvelyofs maT dacvas SesaZlo diskriminaciisagan.

1992 wlis ivlisis euTos helsinkis gadawyvetilebiT SemoRebul

iqna erovnuli umciresobebis umaRlesi komisris (euuk) Tanamdeboba.

11


umaRlesi komisris ofisi garkveuli prevenciuli meqanizmia SesaZlo

mosalodneli konfliqtebis neitralizaciisa da Tavidan acilebisaT�

vis. euuk�is uSualo mandatia: `winaswar gaafrTxilos euTos wevri sax�euuk�is uSualo mandatia: `winaswar gaafrTxilos euTos wevri sax� uSualo mandatia: `winaswar gaafrTxilos euTos wevri sax�euTos wevri sax� wevri sax�

elmwifoebi erovnul umciresobebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, rom�umciresobebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, rom� dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, rom�

lebic, misi azriT, SeiZleba gadaizardos konfliqtSi da mosalod�

neli safrTxis asacileblad gaataros RonisZiebebi SeZlebisdagvarad

yvelaze adreul stadiaze.~ umaRlesi komisari mowodebulia, ìpovos

saukeTeso saSualebebi umravlesobisa da umciresobis legitimuri in�legitimuri in� in�

teresebis dasakmayofileblad, rac xels Seuwyobs saxelmwifos ganmt�

kicebasa da SekavSirebas.~3 misi rolia, gamoiyenos erovnuli umcireso� rolia, gamoiyenos erovnuli umcireso�umcireso�

bebis sferoSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlis standartebi kon� sferoSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlis standartebi kon�

fliqtebis Tavidan asacileblad, moZebnos is Sualedi, rac SesaZleb�

els gaxdis saxelmwifoSi umciresobebis integracias, maTi asimilaciis

gareSe.4

bolcanos rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, Tavad umaRlesi komisris

ganmartebiT, ganapiroba saWiroebam: naTeli gaxdes, Tu rogor Sei�

Zleba gaataron saxelmwifoebma sakuTari interesi sazRvargareT

mcxovreb umciresobebTan mimarTebiT, rogor mianiWon maT garkveuli

privilegiebi ise, rom amiT ar Seuqmnan safrTxe mSvidobasa da keTil�

mezoblur urTierTobebs, ar daZabon eTnosTaSorisi da ormxrivi sax�eTnosTaSorisi da ormxrivi sax� da ormxrivi sax�

elmwifoTaSorisi urTierTobebi.5 rekomendaciebi iTvaliswinebs da

emyareba 2001 wels Seqmnil or dokuments: yofili umaRlesi komis�

ris rolf ekeusis moxsenebas _ `suvereniteti, pasuxismgebloba da

erovnuli umciresobebi~ da evrosabWos veneciis komisiis6 angariSs

`monaTesave saxelmwifos mier erovnuli umciresobebis upiratesi

mopyrobis Sesaxeb.~7

dokumentis suliskveTeba sam faqtors efuZneba da swored am konte�

qstSi unda iqnes gagebuli:

3 ix. agreTve euuk�is, knut volebaekis sajaro leqcia londonis ekonomikis skolisaTvis: “The International Politics of Minority Issues: Could the Early 1990s Return?”, londoni, 7 maisi, 2009, gv. 2�3.

4 ix. bolcanos rekomendaciebi, rekomendacia #6, gv. 6.5 bolcanos rekomendaciebi (Sesavali sityva), gv. 1.6 sruli saxelwodeba: komisia demokratiisaTvis kanonis meSveobiT (Council of Europe’s Com-

mission for Democracy through Law). 7 “Report on the Preferencial Treatment of National Minorities by their Kin-States” (Venice Commis-

sion), 2001, [www.coe.int], (citirebulia: bolcanos rekomendaciebi (Sesavali sityva), gv. 2.

12

Tamar aleqsiZe

`1) saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT, umciresobebis uflebebis

dacvasa da pativiscemaze pasuxismgebelia saxelmwifo, romlis terito�

riazec cxovrobs aRniSnuli umciresoba.

2) sxva saxelmwifoebs, romlebic dainteresebulni arian umciresobe�umciresobe�

bis keTildReobiT sazRvargareT, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki maT akavSirebT

eTnikuri, kulturuli, enobrivi an religiuri identoba, anda saerTo

kulturuli danatovari, ar gaaCniaT pirdapiri an nagulisxmevi saerTa�saerTa�

SorisosamarTlebrivi ufleba, sakuTari iurisdiqcia gaavrcelon sxva

saxelmwifos teritoriaze mcxovreb mosaxleobaze.

3) sazRvargareT mcxovreb umciresobebze privilegiebis gavrcele�umciresobebze privilegiebis gavrcele� privilegiebis gavrcele�

biT saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT sakuTari interesis ganxorcieleba mx�

olod adgilsamyofel saxelmwifosTan konsultaciiT; misi terito�adgilsamyofel saxelmwifosTan konsultaciiT; misi terito� saxelmwifosTan konsultaciiT; misi terito�

riuli mTlianobisa da suverenitetis, agreTve megobruli, maT Soris,

keTilmezobluri urTierTobebis principebis jerovani pativiscemis

pirobebSi.~8

sul SemuSavebul iqna 19 rekomendacia, romlebic Semdeg 4 Tavad

daiyo: Tavi � _ zogadi prinicipebi (rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val�� _ zogadi prinicipebi (rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val� _ zogadi prinicipebi (rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val�_ zogadi prinicipebi (rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val� zogadi prinicipebi (rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val�prinicipebi (rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val� (rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val�(rek. 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val� 1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val�1�4); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val� Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos val�� _ saxelmwifos val� _ saxelmwifos val�_ saxelmwifos val� saxelmwifos val�

debulebebi erovnul umciresobas mikuTvnebul pirebTan mimarTebiT

(rek. 2�8); Tavi �� _ saxelmwifos mier privilegiebis miniWeba erovnul

umciresobebs mikuTvnebuli pirebisaTvis sazRvargareT (rek. 9�15); Tavi

�V _ mravalmxrivi da ormxrivi instrumentebi da meqanizmebi (rek. 15�19).

miuxedavad imisa, rom bolcanos saxelmZRvanelo principebi rekomen� imisa, rom bolcanos saxelmZRvanelo principebi rekomen�bolcanos saxelmZRvanelo principebi rekomen� saxelmZRvanelo principebi rekomen�

daciebis formiT aris warmodgenili, sainteresoa ganvixiloT am prin�

cipTa samarTlebrivi buneba: SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mocemuli rekomenda�

ciebi scildeba e.w. rbil samarTals (am SemTxvevaSi arasavaldebulo xa�e.w. rbil samarTals (am SemTxvevaSi arasavaldebulo xa� rbil samarTals (am SemTxvevaSi arasavaldebulo xa�

siaTis miTiTebebs, `sasargeblo rCevebs~), xolo maTi nawili, garkveul�rCevebs~), xolo maTi nawili, garkveul� xolo maTi nawili, garkveul�

wilad, savaldebulo xasiaTs iZens. aRniSnuli imiT aris ganpirobebuli,

rom bolcanos rekomendaciebis safuZvels erovnuli umciresobebis

sferoSi moqmedi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi normebi warmoadgens,

romlebic, Tavis mxriv, savaldebulo xasiaTisaa. amavdroulad, bolca�amavdroulad, bolca� bolca�bolca�

nos rekomendaciebi sakmaod moqnili dokumentia, romelic Tavs uyris

sxvadasxva samarTlebriv instrumentSi mocemul ZiriTad debulebebs

da maT Sesabamis eqspertul dasabuTebasTan erTad warmoadgens.9

8 bolcanos rekomendaciebi (Sesavali sityva), gv. 2. 9 igulisxmeba dokumentis Tanmxlebi ganmartebiTi baraTi.

13


zogierTi eqspertis azriT, SesaZlebelia rekomendaciebis dayofa

maTi samarTlebrivi bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT:10 am mxriv SeiZleba CaiT�

valos, rom pirveli xuTi rekomendacia asaxavs saerTaSoriso samarTlis

arsebul normebs/standartebs da myar baziss qmnis, romlis calmxrivi

interpretaciac saxelmwifos mxridan dauSvebelia. es samarTlebrivi

baza adamianis uflebaTa dacvis TiTqmis yvela saerTaSoriso doku�

mentSi moipoveba da konkretuli universaluri da regionuli xasiaTis

normebiTa da deklarirebuli principebiT aris gamyarebuli.11 aseTi

normebi pirdapir movaleobas akisrebs saxelmwifoebs, Seqmnan Sesabami�

si pirobebi/uzrunvelyon garantiebi uflebis matarebeli subieqtebis

(umciresobebs mikuTvnebuli pirebis) mier Sesabamis uflebaTa ganx� mikuTvnebuli pirebis) mier Sesabamis uflebaTa ganx�

orcielebisaTvis; meoTxe Tavis umetesi nawilic SeiZleba savaldebu�savaldebu�

loobis am konteqstSi moviazroT, radgan is ZiriTadad saerTaSoriso

TanamSromlobis aprobirebul meqanizmebs iTvaliswinebs.

10 magaliTisaTvis, aseT eqspertTa ricxvs miekuTvneba profesori jon faqeri (eseqsis uni�versiteti, didi britaneTi), romelic monawileobas iRebda dokumentis SemuSavebaSi. warmodgenili klasifikacia metwilad mis mosazrebas asaxavs, Tumca es klasifikacia da Sexeduleba ar gamoricxavs ufro zogad daSvebasac, romlis mixedviTac, mTlianad rekomendaciebi ZiriTadad arsebuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi standartebis, zogadi principebis anareklia da, amdenad, sakmaod seriozul datvirTvas atarebs euTo�s wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. aRniSnuli ar ewinaaRmdegeba Tavdapirvel daSvebas, rom pirvel 5 rekomendacias danarCenebTan SedarebiT ufro `myari fesvebi~ aqvs da, Sesabamisad, pirda�pir savaldebulo xasiaTsac atarebs, radgan konvenciur da CveulebiT normebs asaxavs.

11 mag., gaeros qartia (1�li, me�2 muxlebi) àdamianuri ganzomilebis Sesaxeb konferenciis kopenhagenis 1990 wlis dokumentis~ �V nawilSi mocemuli valdebulebebi erovnul um�ciresobebTan dakavSirebiT. (mag., §30, 36�37); 1948 wlis adaminis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (me�2, me�7 muxlebi), erovnul an eTnikur, religiur da enobriv umciresobebs mikuTvnebuli pirebis uflebaTa Sesaxeb gaeros 1992 wlis deklaracia (qvemoT, `gaeros deklaracia umciresobaTa Sesaxeb~) (1�li, me�6, me�7, me�8 muxlebi), 1966 wlis saerTaSoriso paqtebi samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebisa (me�2, 26�e, 27�e muxlebi) da socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb (me�2 muxli) adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia (1�li muxli), 1995 wlis CarCo�konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa Ses�axeb (preambula, 1�li, me�2, me�18, 21�e muxlebi), 1983 wlis madridis daskvniTi dokumenti (me�15 principi), 1989 wlis venis daskvniTi dokumenti (me�18 da me�19 principebi) da 1990 wlis axali evropisaTvis parizis qartia, agreTve, umaRles doneze miRebuli Semdgomi do�kumentebi, magaliTad: 1992 wlis helsinkis dokumenti (nawili �V, 24�e punqti) da 1996 wlis lisabonis dokumenti (nawili �, lisabonis deklaracia ocdameerTe saukunis evropisaTvis usafrTxoebis sayovelTao da yovlismomcveli modelis Sesaxeb, punqti 2). damatebiTi in�formaciisaTvis ix. bolcanos rekomendaciebis ganmartebiTi baraTi (rekomendaciebi 1�5), agreTve lundis rekomendaciebi sazogadoebriv�politikur cxovrebaSi erovnuli umci�resobebis qmediT monawileobasTan dakavSirebiT da misi ganmartebiTi baraTi (qarTul enaze), haaga, seqtemberi, 1999, gv. 21�22.

14

Tamar aleqsiZe

meore qvejgufs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT rekomendaciaTa is nawili,

romelTa ganxorcielebac saxelmwifos movaleobaa, Tumca zogierT

SemTxvevaSi umciresobis mxridan adekvatur reagirebas/ganwyobas

moiTxovs. magaliTad, saxelmwifo umciresobaTa integracias mxolod

im SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs, Tuki maTi mxridanac iqneba Tanmxvedri in�Tanmxvedri in� in�

teresi, monawileoba miiRon sajaro cxovrebaSi, pativi scen adgilmde�

bareobis qveynis wesebsa da kanonebs.12 umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa

SeuzRudavi kontaqti saxelmwifo sazRvris miRma mcxovreb sxvadasxva

niSniT monaTesave pirovnebebTan, romlebTanac saerTo identuroba

akavSirebs, saxelmwifos mxridan, SesaZloa, garkveul SezRudvebsac

daeqvemdebaros, magram im pirobiT, rom aseTi SezRudva ar unda iyos

àraTanazomieri~, àrajerovani~.13 am qvejgufSi umeteswilad bolcanos

rekomendaciebis meore TavSi mocemuli principebi moiazreba.

dokumentis mesame Tavi SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT mesame qvejgufs, ro�

gorc nebadarTulobisa da pirobiTobis nazavs. am jgufSi, savaraudod,

SeiZleba moviazroT is principebi, romlebic erTi saxelmwifos mier

meore saxelmwifos teritoriaze mcxovrebi umciresobebisaTvis priv�umciresobebisaTvis priv� priv�

ilegiebis miniWebas gulisxmobs garkveuli pirobebis dakmayofilebis

SemTxvevaSi. aq igulisxmeba Sesabamisi winapirobebis arseboba, arsebu�

li saerTaSoriso samarTlis pativiscema da, rac mTavaria, mimRebi, e.w.

`beneficiari~, imave ̀ adgilmdebareobis saxelmwifos~ Tanxmoba, agreTve

`sarwmunoobis/sandoobis principi~.14

rekomendaciebis uSualod saqarTvelo�ruseTis urTierTobis Wril�saqarTvelo�ruseTis urTierTobis Wril� urTierTobis Wril�

Si ganxilvamde saWiroa, yuradReba ramdenime terminologiur sakiTxsa

da maTTan dakavSirebul aspeqtebze gamaxvildes:

erovnuli umciresobebis SeTanxmebuli cneba, e.w. `definicia~, ro�umciresobebis SeTanxmebuli cneba, e.w. `definicia~, ro� SeTanxmebuli cneba, e.w. `definicia~, ro�e.w. `definicia~, ro� `definicia~, ro�`definicia~, ro� ro�

gorc aseTi, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas dRemde ar gaaCnia, rac sx�

vadasxva qveynis mier terminis gansxvavebuli interpretaciiTa da cnebis

politikuri datvirTviT SeiZleba aixsnas. swored aman ganapiroba, rom

TviT erovnuli umciresobebis CarCo�konvenciac ki Tavs aridebs ter�umciresobebis CarCo�konvenciac ki Tavs aridebs ter� CarCo�konvenciac ki Tavs aridebs ter�CarCo�konvenciac ki Tavs aridebs ter� ki Tavs aridebs ter�

minis gansazRvras da ufro pragmatuli sakiTxebiT Semoifargleba.15

12 ix. rekomendacia #7.13 ix. rekomendacia #7, #8.14 ix. rekomendaciebi #9�15; `sarwmunoobis principTan” dakavSirebiT ix. qvemoT. 15 erovnuli umciresobebis CarCo�konvenciis ganmartebiTi baraTi, me�12 punqti, 1995,

[http://conventions.coe.int], (Explanatory Report).

15


Tumca saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv literaturaSi umciresobis jgufis

dRemde yvelaze gavrcelebuli da gaziarebuli ganmarteba, raodeno�

brivi faqtoris garda, mniSvnelobas aniWebs jgufis mdgomareobas far�

To sazogadoebasTan mimarTebiT, gansxvavebuli eTnikuri, religiuri,

Tu enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis, jgufis wevrebs Soris garkveuli soli�

darobis grZnobis arsebobas, agreTve mocemul teritoriaze jgufis

met�naklebi stabilurobis garkveuli niSnebs.16

Tavad bolcanos rekomendaciebi, sxva instrumentebis msgavsad, ar

gvTavazobs raime definicias, Tumca èrovnul umciresobebSi~ moiaz�definicias, Tumca èrovnul umciresobebSi~ moiaz� Tumca èrovnul umciresobebSi~ moiaz�umciresobebSi~ moiaz� moiaz�

rebs sxvadasxva umciresobis jgufebs, maT Soris religiur, enobriv,

kulturul da eTnikur umciresobebs, ganurCevlad imisa, aRiarebs Tu

ara aseTebis arsebobas maTi adgilmdebareobis saxelmwifo, agreTve ra

statusi aqvT miniWebuli aseT jgufebs maTi adgilmdebareobis saxelm�

wifos mier17. sayuradReboa isic, rom rekomendaciebSi xSirad gamoyeneb�

uli termini ùmciresobebi~ ganimarteba rogorc èrovnul umcireso�ùmciresobebi~ ganimarteba rogorc èrovnul umcireso� ganimarteba rogorc èrovnul umcireso�umcireso�

bebs mikuTvnebuli pirebi~. umaRlesi komisris mier am Semoklebis gamo� mikuTvnebuli pirebi~. umaRlesi komisris mier am Semoklebis gamo�

yofa SemTxveviTad ar unda CaiTvalos. vfiqrob, amiT xazi gaesva, rom

rekomendaciaTa amosavalia individualuri midgoma. kerZod, privil�

egiebiT sargeblobis ufleba koleqtiuria imdenad, ramdenadac igi in�

dividualuria, anu uflebis matarebeli zogadad umciresobis jgufi ki

ara, umciresobas mikuTvnebuli TiToeuli individia. aRniSnuli, bune�

brivia, ar ewinaaRmdegeba midgomas, romelic samoqalaqo da politikuri

uflebebis paqtis 27�e muxlis interpretaciasTan mimarTebiT adamianis

uflebaTa komitetis mxridan gamoikveTa. am ukanasknelis Sesabamisad,

èrovnuli umciresobis warmomadgenlis ufleba, eziaros sakuTar kul�

turas jgufis sxva wevrebTan erTad, ver gadawydeba abstraqtulad.

amisaTvis aucilebelia misi aRqma mTliani konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT,

radgan kulturis, enis an religiis praqtika aucileblad gulisxmobs

(uflebis realizebas) umciresobebis sxva wevrebTan erTobliobaSi. am�umciresobebis sxva wevrebTan erTobliobaSi. am� sxva wevrebTan erTobliobaSi. am�

rigad, ...(gasaTvaliswinebelia) umciresobis mdgomareobis koleqtiuri

mxareebi~, e.i. individis aRqma garkveul erTobasTan, jgufTan mimarTe�

biT. miuxedavad amisa, zemoTqmuli sulac ar gulisxmobs, rom kultu�

16 aRniSnuli ganmarteba ekuTvnis italiel mecnier kapotortis, ix. Study on the rights of per-sons belonging to ethnic, religios, and linguistic minorities UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/384/Rev.1 (1979).

17 bolcanos rekomendaciebi, Sesavali, gv. 3.

16

Tamar aleqsiZe

ris, enisa da religiis praqtikasTan dakavSirebuli xsenebuli uflebebi

koleqtiuri uflebebia, romlebic mxolod jgufis, erTobis mier Sei�

Zleba ganxorcieldes. gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis interpre�

tacia Semdegnairad unda gavigoT: rodesac saubaria umciresobis jgu�

fis wevrebis uflebebis dacvaze, mxedvelobaSi miiReba is, rom arsebobs

seriozuli kavSiri jgufsa da individs Soris da analizs eqvemdebareba

mTlianad jgufis uflebebi, vinaidan 27�e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

ìnidividis uflebebi damokidebulia mTlianad umciresobis jgufis

SesaZleblobaze, SeinarCunos sakuTari kultura, ena, an religia.~18

erovnul umciresobaTa sakiTxi saxelmwifoTaSoris urTierTo�

bebSi metwilad adgilmdebareobis saxelmwifos (state of residence), e.w.

`monaTesave saxelmwifos~ (kin-state) urTierTobis WrilSi warmogvidgeba,

zogjer adgilmdebareobis saxelmwifos ekvivalentad gamoiyeneba termini

`maspinZeli saxelmwifo~_ host-state, (orive SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba qveyana,

sadac umciresoba saxlobs). termini ̀ monaTesave saxelmwifos~ gansazRvrac

èrovnuli umciresobis~ gansazRvraze aranakleb problemuri sakiTxia

rogorc samarTlebrivi, ise wminda mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT. gavrcele�

buli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, termini `monaTesave saxelmwifo~ moicavs sax�

elmwifoebs, romelTa mosaxleobis umravlesobac meore saxelmwifos mo�

saxleobis umciresobis eTnikur an kulturul maxasiaTeblebs iziarebs.19

Tumca terminologiuri uzustobebis Tavidan asacileblad da cnebis mo�

qmedebis arealis gafarToebis mizniT, avtorebma Tavi Seikaves bolcanos

rekomendaciebis teqstSi sityva `monaTesave saxelmwifos~ Setanisgan da

ganmartebiT baraTSi is mxolod meti konkretulobis Sesatanad moixse�

nies. bolcanos rekomendaciebma gaafarTova pirobiTad dainteresebul

saxelmwifoTa speqtri. dReis mdgomareobiT, saxelmZRvanelo principebi

moicavs ìm saxelmwifoebsac, romlebic dainteresebuli arian umcireso�umcireso�

bebiT sazRvargareT, radgan maTTan akavSirebT saerTo istoria, religia

an ena.~ SesaZloa, xsenebuli komponentebi arasakmarisad CaiTvalos `na�

Tesauri~ kavSiris dadgenisaTvis, Sesabamisad, aseTi saxelmwifoebi ver

moiazrebian tradiciuli `monaTesave saxelmwifos~ definiciaSi, Tumca

maTze mainc vrceldeba bolcanos rekomendaciebi.

18 ix. R. Burchill “Minority Rights” in Defining Civil and Political Rights. Ashgate, 2005, gv. 185�88. 19 ix. bolcanos rekomendaciebi, Sesavali, gv. 3.

17


yuradRebas imsaxurebs e.w. `sarwmunoobis~, igive `sandoobis prin�e.w. `sarwmunoobis~, igive `sandoobis prin� `sarwmunoobis~, igive `sandoobis prin�`sarwmunoobis~, igive `sandoobis prin� igive `sandoobis prin�`sandoobis prin� prin�

cipi~ (principle of credibility), romelic me�15 rekomendaciaSia gacxadebuli

da romelsac umaRlesi komisari gansakuTrebul datvirTvas aniWebs.

me�15 rekomendacia garkveulwilad awesebs Tamasas, romelic SesaZle� rekomendacia garkveulwilad awesebs Tamasas, romelic SesaZle�

blobas iZleva, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi SevamowmoT daintere�

sebuli saxelmwifos, gnebavT, `monaTesave saxelmwifos~ moTxovnisa

Tu qmedebis keTili, humanitaruli motivi. `sarwmunoobis principis~

mixedviT, `saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian, upirvelesad, Tavad uz�

runvelyon umciresobebis uflebebis pativiscema da xelSewyoba, sanam

privilegiebs mianiWebdnen erovnul umciresobebs sazRvargareT.~20 am

principis arseboba savsebiT logikuria, vinaidan saxelmwifo ��s, ro��s, ro� ro�

melic Tavad ar icavs an arasaTanadod icavs umciresobis uflebebs,

araviTari moraluri an samarTlebrivi ufleba ar unda hqondes, sax�

elmwifo Y-s mosTxovos aseTi uflebebis xelSewyoba an maTi ufro maRa� mosTxovos aseTi uflebebis xelSewyoba an maTi ufro maRa�

li standartiT dacva, vidre amas Tavad saxelmwifo � akeTebs.

3. ruseTis federaciis qmedebebi saqarTveloSi konfliqtis zonebis mosaxleobasTan mimarTebiT

cnobilia, rom afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTSi mcxovreb pir�e.w. samxreT oseTSi mcxovreb pir� samxreT oseTSi mcxovreb pir�

Ta daaxloebiT 90% ruseTis moqalaqis pasports flobs. sxvadasxva

dauzustebeli monacemiT, es cifri afxazeTSi daaxloebiT 100�120000,

xolo cxinvalis regionSi, savaraudod, 32.000�ia. ruseTis moqalaqeobis

miniWebisaTvis ruseTis federaciam jer kidev 90�ian wlebSi gaatara

Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi, xolo aqtiuri pasportizaciis politikis ganx�

orcielebas 2002 wlidan Seudga. e.w. samxreT oseTSi 1990 wels dawye�e.w. samxreT oseTSi 1990 wels dawye� samxreT oseTSi 1990 wels dawye�

buli SeiaraRebuli konfliqti 1991 wlis ivlis�seqtemberSi dasrulda,

xolo afxazeTSi omi 1993 wlis oqtomberSi damTavrda; Sesabamisad, am

periodSi pasportizaciis procesis Catareba fizikurad TiTqmis miuRw�

eveli amocana iqneboda. am sferoSi ruseTis federaciis samarTalSemo�samarTalSemo�

qmedebiTi saqmianobis gaTvaliswinebiT, pasportizaciis aqtiur perio� saqmianobis gaTvaliswinebiT, pasportizaciis aqtiur perio�

20 rekomendacia # 15; k. volebaeki, sajaro leqcia londonis ekonomikis skolisaTvis, “The Inter-national Politics of Minority Issues: Could the Early 1990s Return?”, londoni, 7 maisi, 2009, gv. 8.

18

Tamar aleqsiZe

dad zogierTi avtori 1999�2008 wlebis periods miiCnevs. safuZvliani

dakvirvebis Sedegad aseTi mosazreba didi albaTobiT marTebulad Sei�

Zleba miviCnioT.21

saqarTvelos separatistul regionebSi ruseTis federaciis mo�

qalaqeobis misaRebad sakmarisia ruseTis federaciis prezidentis

saxelze Sevsebuli ganacxadis forma.22 es maSin, rodesac, rogorc

wesi, moqalaqeobis miReba Tavad ruseTis teritoriaze macxovrebe�

li pirebisaTvis xangrZlivi teqnikuri da proceduruli sakiTxebis

mogvarebas iTvaliswinebs da, Cveulebriv, sakmaod garTulebulia. sab�

WoTa kavSiris (ssrk) daSlis Semdeg ruseTis federaciis mier miRe�(ssrk) daSlis Semdeg ruseTis federaciis mier miRe� daSlis Semdeg ruseTis federaciis mier miRe�

buli orive kanoni moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb (pirveli kanoni miRebul iqna

1991 wlis noemberSi, xolo meore _ 2002 wlis maisSi) vrceldeboda

moqalaqeobis armqone pirebze, romlebic cxovrobdnen yofil ssrk�Si

Semavali respublikebis teritoriaze. 1991 wlis kanonis mixedviT (m�

18 muxli, `d~ punqti), Sesabamisi survilis arsebobisas, ruseTis mo�`d~ punqti), Sesabamisi survilis arsebobisas, ruseTis mo� punqti), Sesabamisi survilis arsebobisas, ruseTis mo�

qalaqeobis registraciis wesiT mopoveba aseve SeeZloT moqalaqeobis

armqone pirebs, romlebic rf�is an, 1991 wlis seqtembris mdgomareo�rf�is an, 1991 wlis seqtembris mdgomareo� an, 1991 wlis seqtembris mdgomareo�

biT, yofili respublikebis teritoriebze cxovrobdnen. moTxovnis

vada ganisazRvra 1 wliT. 2002 wlis (amJamad moqmedma) kanonma es pro�

cedura kidev ufro gaamartiva. axalma kanonma SesaZlebeli gaxada yo�

fili ssrk�is moqalaqeebisaTvis rf�is moqalaqeobis miReba, sacxovre�ssrk�is moqalaqeebisaTvis rf�is moqalaqeobis miReba, sacxovre� moqalaqeebisaTvis rf�is moqalaqeobis miReba, sacxovre�rf�is moqalaqeobis miReba, sacxovre� moqalaqeobis miReba, sacxovre�

beli adgilis miuxedavad, Tuki isini cxovroben yofil sabWoTa re�

spublikebSi, ar miuRiaT damoukidebeli respublikebis moqalaqeoba

da arian moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi. axali kanonis me�14 muxlis

Tanaxmad, 18 wels miRweul, qmedunarian ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebs an

moqalaqeobis armqone pirebs ufleba aqvT, isargeblon moqalaqeobis

miniWebis gamartivebuli wesiT, Tu maT hyavT Tundac erTi Sromisu�

unaro mSobeli, romelsac rf�is moqalaqeoba aqvs, hqondaT ssrk�is

moqalaqeoba, cxovrobdnen da cxovroben ssrk�Si Semaval saxelmwifoe�ssrk�Si Semaval saxelmwifoe� Semaval saxelmwifoe�

bSi, ver miiRes am saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeoba da Sedegad darCnen mo�

qalaqeobis armqone pirebad.23 am vrcel nusxas aseve unda davumatoT

21 ix. m. nakaSiZe, rusuli pasportebi da ruseTis federaciis moqalaqeobis sakiTxi saqarT�velos konfliqtur regionebSi, baTumi, 2008, gv. 9.

22 iqve, gv. 24. 23 iqve, gv. 25. (kanonis teqstis Targmani misive).

19


mecnieruli da samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT friad saintereso mov�

lena: ruseTis federaciis 1999 wlis 24 maisis kanoni `sazRvargareT

mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan dakavSirebiT ruseTis federaciis sax�

elmwifo politikis Sesaxeb~, romlis mixedviTac rf�is moqalaqeebad

miiCnevian yofili ssrk�is moqalaqeebi, agreTve maTi STamomavlebi,

romlebsac ar ganucxadebiaT sxva qveynis moqalaqeobis survili. (me�

11 muxli).24 malxaz nakaSiZis Tanaxmad, martivi logikaa, rom, aRniS�

nuli kanoniT, yvela is piri, romelic ruseTis federaciis farglebs

gareT imyofeboda, iyo ssrk�is moqalaqe da nebayoflobiT ar ganacxa�ssrk�is moqalaqe da nebayoflobiT ar ganacxa� moqalaqe da nebayoflobiT ar ganacxa�

da im saxelmwifos moqalaqeobis miRebis survili, sadac cxovrobda

(igulisxmeba adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifo), avtomaturad ruseTis mo�

qalaqed iTvleboda.25 aseTma situaciam Teoriulad SesaZloa komikuri

SemTxvevebi warmoSvas, sadac yofili ssrk�is teritoriaze mcxovrebi

adamiani, romelic ugulisyurod moekida moqalaqeobis sakiTxs, ise

gaxdeba ruseTis moqalaqe, rom SesaZloa, es verc gaigos. aman ki, Tavis

mxriv, SesaZloa, mas momavalSi problemebi Seuqmnas sakuTar saxelmwi�

foSi (magaliTad, SeezRudos raime socialuri ufleba).26

saqarTvelom moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb kanoni 1993 wlis 25 marts miiRo,

romlis Tanaxmad, piri, romelic saqarTveloSi mudmivad cxovrobda

aranakleb 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi da kanonis miRebis momentisaTvis, saqa�

rTvelos moqalaqed CaiTleboda, Tuki 6 Tvis vadaSi is werilobiT uars

ar ganacxadebda moqalaqeobis miRebaze. agreTve moqalaqed miCneul iqna

saqarTveloSi dabadebuli piri, romelmac 1991 wlis 21 dekembris Sem�

deg datova saqarTvelos teritoria da, Sesabamisad, ver akmayofilebda

binadrobis 5�wlian cenzs, Tu mas ar gaaCnda sxva qveynis moqalaqeoba

(me�3 muxli).27

24 ix. Закон «О гражданстве Россииской Федерации» 28 ноября 1991г., № 1948-1, agreTve Федера��-Федера��-ный Закон «О гражданстве Российской Федерации» 31 мая 2002 г., [www.antropotok.archipelag.ru], m. nakaSiZe, rusuli pasportebi da ruseTis federaciis moqalaqeobis sakiTxi saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebSi, baTumi, 2008, gv. 24�25.

25 iqve, m. nakaSiZe, gv. 29�30.26 aseTi mosazreba daafiqsira b. nadeJdinma 2001 wels moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb kanonproeqtis

ganxilvisas. ix. iqve, m. nakaSiZe, gv. 29�30. 27 ix. saqarTvelos 1993 wlis 25 martis organuli kanoni `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~, saqarT�

velos uzenaesi sabWos uwyebebi (#5); aRsaniSnavia, rom `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~ kanonis miReba jer kidev 1991 wels igegmeboda, Tumca saomari moqmedebebis gamo misi meore da mesame mosmeniT miReba veRar moxerxda. iqve, m. nakaSiZe, gv. 29�30.

20

Tamar aleqsiZe

konfliqtis regionebSi darCenili pirebi ver miiCnevian moqalaqeo�

bis armqone pirebad, vinaidan maT werilobiT ar ganucxadebiaT uari

moqalaqeobaze. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom 1991 wlis 31 marts saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis aRdgenis sakiTxze Catarebul referendumSi orive

regionis macxovreblebma monawileoba miiRes da sakuTari neba gamox�

ates. Sesabamisad, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis macxovreblebi av�e.w. samxreT oseTis macxovreblebi av� samxreT oseTis macxovreblebi av�

tomaturad CaiTvalnen saqarTvelos moqalaqeebad, Tumca ki teqniku�

rad maTTvis moqalaqeobis iuridiuli dadastureba ver moxda, radgan

SeiaraRebuli dapirispirebisas pasportebis gacema teritoriaze efeq�

turi kontrolis dakargvis pirobebSi fizikurad SeuZlebeli iyo. say�

uradReboa, rom TiTqmis yvela aseTi piri flobda sabWoTa simbolikian

pasports, romelTa moqmedebac 2006 wlamde ar Sewyvetila. pasportSi

miTiTebuli iyo pirovnebis registraciis (Caweris) adgili, agreTve is,

Tu romel sabWoTa respublikas miekuTvneboda piri. saqarTvelos 1993

wlis ̀ kanoni moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~ aseve krZalavda ormag moqalaqeobas,

xolo 1995 wlis 15 seqtembers momzadebuli ruseT�saqarTvelos or�ruseT�saqarTvelos or� or�

mxrivi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis proeqti moqalaqeobis sakiTxebTan

dakavSirebiT ar iqna ratificirebuli.28 amgvarad, moqalaqeobis sakiTx�

is kanonieri daregulirebis alternatiuli variantebi, faqtobrivad,

amoiwura.

erT�erTi seriozuli xarvezi, romelic ruseTisa da saqarTvelos mo�

qalaqeobasTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdeblobis Sedarebisas Cans, saqarT�

velos damoukideblobis aRiarebis Semdeg, 1991 wlidan 1993 martamde,

moqalaqeobis sakiTxis sakanonmdeblo doneze dauregulireblobaa.29

saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, ruseTis federaciam moqalaqeobis Ses�

axeb kanoni ukve 1991 wlis noemberSi miiRo, Tumca sabWoTa pasportebi

moqmedebas agrZelebda. aseTi TiTqmis weliwadnaxevriani sakanonmde�weliwadnaxevriani sakanonmde� sakanonmde�

blo vakuumis arsebobis Sefasebisas yuradReba saerTaSoriso samar�

TalSi arsebul standartebs unda mivaqcioT. am SemTxvevaSi, arsebuli

saerTaSoriso praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, moqmedebs e.w. `moqalaqeo�e.w. `moqalaqeo� `moqalaqeo�

bis prezumfciis prinicipi.~ am principis Tanaxmad, piri, romelTanac

dakavSirebulia samarTalmemkvidreoba da romelsac aqvs Tavisi Cveu�samarTalmemkvidreoba da romelsac aqvs Tavisi Cveu� da romelsac aqvs Tavisi Cveu�

28 iqve, m. nakaSiZe, gv. 55.29 m. nakaSiZe, rusuli pasportebi da ruseTis federaciis moqalaqeobis sakiTxi saqarTvelos

konfliqtur regionebSi, baTumi, 2008.

21


lebrivi adgili teritoriaze, romelsac Seexeba samarTalmemkvidreoba,

miiCneva saxelmwifo_mimRebis moqalaqeoba mopovebulad aseTi samar�saxelmwifo_mimRebis moqalaqeoba mopovebulad aseTi samar� moqalaqeoba mopovebulad aseTi samar�moqalaqeoba mopovebulad aseTi samar� aseTi samar�samar�

Talmemkvidreobis momentidan.30 2000 wels miRebuli gaeros rezolucia

55/153 `saxelmwifos samarTalmemkvidreobasTan mimarTebiT fizikur

pirTa moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~ mniSvnelovania, vinaidan is, didi albaTo�

biT, wesad amkvidrebs arsebul praqtikas, romlis mixedviTac moqalaqe�

obis miniWebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas saxelmwifoebi, sxva faqtorebTan

erTad, iTvaliswineben samarTalmemkvidreobis momentSi (ssrk�is daSla)

Sesabamisi piris mocemul saxelmwifoSi mudmiv sacxovrebel adgils.31

es ukanaskneli formulireba `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb evropuli konven�

ciis~ me�18 muxlis `b~ qvepunqts asaxavs. aRniSnuli dokumenti ruseTis

mier xelmowerilia 1997 wlis 6 noembers, magram araa ratificirebuli.

Tumca es ar gamoricxavs ruseTis valdebulebas, ar daarRvios xelSek�

rulebis mizani da obieqti, pativi sces dokumentis suliskveTebas.

am SemTxvevaSi miznisa da obieqtis daurRvevloba unda gulisxmobdes

ZiriTadi postulatebis zogad pativiscemas, miT umetes maSin, rodesac

isini ukve arsebul saerTaSoriso standartebs asaxaven.

bolcanos rekomendaciebs Tu davubrundebiT da ruseTis federa� rekomendaciebs Tu davubrundebiT da ruseTis federa�

ciis praqtikas saqarTvelos konfliqtis zonebTan mimarTebiT aRniS�

nul WrilSi gavaanalizebT, savsebiT cxadi gaxdeba, rom ruseTis fed�

eraciis erTaderTi argumenti _ regionSi Zalis gamoyeneba sakuTari

moqalaqeebis sicocxlisa da usafrTxoebis dacviT, e.i. humanitaruli

mizniT, daasabuTos, rbilad rom vTqvaT, kritikas ver uZlebs.

rf�is qmedeba Seusabamoa da pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba saxelmwifos

suverenitetisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis pativiscemis amsaxvel

principebs. ramdenime magaliTi naTlad warmoaCens am mxriv arsebul

mdgomareobas:

arc erT saxelmwifos ar aqvs ufleba, gaavrcelos sakuTari iuris�

diqcia meore saxelmwifos teritoriis SigniT mosaxleobaze an mis

nawilze, am ukanasknelis Tanxmobis gareSe, maSinac ki, Tuki saxelmwi�

fos interesi, mxari dauWiros erovnul�eTnikuri, kulturuli, eno�erovnul�eTnikuri, kulturuli, eno� kulturuli, eno�

30 ix. “European Convention on Nationality”, European Treaty Series _ No. 166, Strasbourg, 6.XI.1997, [http://conventions.coe.int].

31 UN Resolution N55/153 on “Nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of states”, Dec. 12, 2000, UNDOC/GEN/N00/568/57. cit., Targmani m. nakaSiZisa, iqve, gv. 54.

22

Tamar aleqsiZe

brivi, religiuri, istoriuli Tu sxva maxasiaTeblebis matarebel um�um�

ciresobebs sazRvargareT, konstituciuri valdebulebis formiT aris

gamoxatuli.32 (rekomendacia #1, #4).

_ saxezea ruseTis federaciis sapirispiro qmedeba: konfliqtis

regionebis okupacia da faqtobrivi aneqsia, rf�is mier teritoriaze

efeqturi (SeiaraRebuli) kontrolis ganxorcieleba.

saxelmwifo valdebulia, qveynis SigniT daicvas adamianis uflebe�

bi, maT Soris umciresobaTa uflebebic, romelTa dacva, pirvel rigSi,

adgilmdebareobis qveynis pasuxismgeblobaa. saerTaSoriso sazogadoe�

bisaTvis adamianis uflebebis, maT Soris umciresobebis uflebebis,

dacva legitimuri interesis sferoa. arsebuli problemebis SemTxvevaSi

saxelmwifoebma saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis meqanizmebi unda gamoiy�

enon, rac adamianis uflebaTa arsebuli standartebis da SeTanxmebuli

monitoringis meqanizmebis pativiscemas gulisxmobs. (rek. #2, #3).

_ cnobilia, Tu rogor icavs ruseTis federacia erovnuli um�_ cnobilia, Tu rogor icavs ruseTis federacia erovnuli um� cnobilia, Tu rogor icavs ruseTis federacia erovnuli um�um�

ciresobebis uflebebs sakuTar teritoriaze. magaliTisaTvis CeCneTSi

warmoebuli araerTjeradi samxedro kampaniac kmara. Zneli dasajerebe�araerTjeradi samxedro kampaniac kmara. Zneli dasajerebe� samxedro kampaniac kmara. Zneli dasajerebe�

lia, am pirobebSi ruseTis federacia `sandoobis princips~ (rek. #15)

akmayofilebdes, xolo misi damokidebuleba monitoringis sxvadasxva

meqanizmTan mimarTebiT saerTaSoriso mowonebas imsaxurebdes. (rek.

#3)33

`saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT mianiWon privilegiebi umciresobebs saz�umciresobebs saz� saz�

RvargareT, maT Soris: kulturul�saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebi,

samgzavro SeRavaTebi, muSaobis ufleba, gamartivebuli savizo reJi�

mi, Tumca mxolod aradiskriminaciul safuZvelze, proporciulobis

gaTvaliswinebiT.~34 veneciis komisiis azriT, privilegiis aradiskrimi�aradiskrimi�

naciul safuZvelze miniWeba `kanonier mizans~ (legitimate aim) unda em�

saxurebodes. aseTi SesaZloa iyos, magaliTad, kulturuli kavSirebis

32 aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTis federaciis konstituciis 61�e muxliT rf�s aqvs valdebule�ba, daicvas Tavisi moqalaqeebi (Tanamemamuleebi) sazRvrebs gareT, xolo `sazRvargareT TanamemamuleebTan dakavSirebuli ruseTis federaciis saxelmwifo politikis Sesaxeb~ kanonis me�14(5) muxliT moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRveva sakmarisi safuZvelia rf�is saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebis mier saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebis misaRebad.

33 evrokavSiris misia, romlis mandatic saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze vrceldeba, dRemde ver axerxebs konfliqtis uSualo zonaSi Sesvlas.

34 bolcanos rekomendaciebi, 2008, gv. 17.

23


gaRrmaveba adgilmdebareobis saxelmwifosa da monaTesave saxelmwi�

fos Soris.35 magram, amasTanave, saWiroa arsebobdes Camoyalibebuli

kriteriumebi,~36 romlebic mxolod erT romelime maxasiaTebels (mag.,

eTnikur warmomavlobas) sakmarisad ar miiCnevs da aseTi privilegiis

miniWebis damatebiT sxva, Tundac profesiul, kriteriumebsac Semoi�

tans. am TvalsazrisiT, diskriminaciul qmedebad unda Sefasdes ru�

seTis mier gamartivebuli wesiT moqalaqeobis miniWeba qveynis gareT

umciresobebisaTvis maSin, rodesac stalinis mier organizebuli didi

gadasaxlebis droidan federaciis teritoriaze mcxovreb mahmadian

mesxebs saxelmwifo dRemde ar aZlevs ruseTis moqalaqeobas.

saxelmwifoebs ezRudebaT iseTi calmxrivi zomebis miReba, rogoric

moqalaqeobis masobrivad miniWebaa. saxelmwifom Tavi unda Seikavos mo�

qalaqeobis masobrivad miniWebisagan, maSinac ki, Tu adgilmdebareobis

qveynis kanonmdeblobiT daSvebulia ormagi moqalaqeoba, radganac es

safrTxes uqmnis keTilmezobluri urTierTobebisa da teritoriuli

uzenaesobis cnebebs. saxelmwifosa da pirovnebas Soris, romelsac

moqalaqeoba mieniWeba, unda arsebobdes `saTanado kavSiri~,37 romlis

ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic moqalaqeoba ar unda gaices.

_ naTelia, rom masobrivi pasportizaciis pirobebSi (rodesac

zogjer ramdenime aTeuli pasporti erT dReSi gaicema) saTanado kav�

Siris arseboba saxelmwifosa da pirovnebas Soris ver dadasturdeba.

(rek. #10, #11).

4. daskvna

winamdebare statiaSi ganxilulia ruseTis, rogorc `monaTesave sax�

elmwifos~, mier saqarTvelos _ adgilmdebareobis saxelmwifos _ teri�

toriaze mcxovrebi eTnikurad osi da afxazi erovnuli umciresobebis

dacvis moTxovna da misi aRsrulebis formebi. aseve daisva sakiTxi, Tu

35 iqve. gv. 17.36 ix. rekomendacia #12; k. volebaeki, sajaro leqcia londonis ekonomikis skolisaTvis _

“The International Politics of Minority Issues: Could the Early 1990s Return?”, londoni, 7 maisi, 2009, gv 7.

37 ix. ICJ, Nottebohm Case (1955, I.C.J.4) citirebulia: bolcanos rekomendaciebi, ganmartebiTi baraTi, gv. 19.

24

Tamar aleqsiZe

ramdenad legitimuria ruseTis, rogorc dainteresebuli saxelmwifos

(da ara `monaTesave saxelmwifos~) mier gacxadebuli interesi, daic� ara `monaTesave saxelmwifos~) mier gacxadebuli interesi, daic�

vas erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebi sazRvargareT, mezobeli qveynis

teritoriaze.

saqarTveloSi konfliqtis regionebSi ruseTis mier Catarebuli pas�

portizacia uxeSad arRvevs da ewinaaRmdegeba ara mxolod saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobas, aramed arsebul saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv bazas da

iuridiuli baTilobis safuZvels qmnis. amasTan, ruseTis dRes arsebuli

kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, yvelaze gauazrebeli, absurduli preceden�gauazrebeli, absurduli preceden� absurduli preceden�

tebic ki dasaSvebia, rac saerTod eWvqveS ayenebs moqalaqeobis sfer�

oSi rf�is kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisobas adamianis uflebebis sferoSi

arsebul standartebTan.38 im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu ruseTs konfliqtis

zonebSi mcxovreb ruseTis moqalaqeebTan mimarTebiT `monaTesave sax� sax�sax�

elmwifod~ miviCnevT,39 mis mier adgilmdebareobis saxelmwifos (mimRebi

saxelmwifos) teritoriaze mcxovrebi erovnuli/eTnikuri umciresobis

dacvis moTxovna ver CaiTvleba legitimur, kanonier moTxovnad, xolo

misi aRsrulebis formebi unda Sefasdes rogorc SeerTebuli interven�

cia politikuri da ara humanitaruli miznebis misaRwevad. aRniSnuli

ruseTis federaciis mxridan saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg agresiis aqtis

Cadenas niSnavs.

Tuki ruseTi ver akmayofilebs `monaTesave saxelmwifod~ aRiarebi�

saTvis saWiro kriteriums, dRis wesrigSi dgeba sakiTxi _ saerTod

ramdenad SeiZleba miviCnioT ruseTis federacia erovnuli umcireso�umcireso�

bebiT kanonierad dainteresebul saxelmwifod eTnikur afxazebTan da

osebTan mimarTebiT. aseTi kavSiris dadgena, magaliTad, ukrainasTan an

baltiis qveynebTan SesaZlebelia, radgan iq eTnikurad rusi moqalaqee�moqalaqee�

bis/pirovnebebis sakmaod didi raodenoba cxovrobs. metic, am SemTx� sakmaod didi raodenoba cxovrobs. metic, am SemTx�

vevaSi ruseTi `monaTesave saxelmwifoc~ ki SeiZleba iyos. rac SeexebaT

38 magaliTad, aradiskriminaciis principTan. ruseTis federaciis konstituciiT (55�e muxli) ar aris daSvebuli iseTi kanonebis miReba, romelnic adamianis uflebebs laxavs. aRniSnul�Tan dakavSirebiT ix. 2001 wels rf�is saxelmwifo saTaTbiros saxelmwifo aRmSeneblobis sakiTxTa komitetis pozicia 2001 wlis `rf�is moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb kanonis proeqtTan~ (proeqti #65224) mimarTebiT, citirebulia: nakaSiZe, 2008, gv. 28.

39 es mosazreba mcdaria da ruseTis federacia `monaTesave saxelmwifod~ ar unda miviCnioT, radgan rf�is mosaxleobis umravlesoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis afxazi da osi umci�resobis eTnikur an kulturul maxasiaTeblebs ar iziarebs. ix.zemoT, gv. 9.

25


eTnikur osebsa da afxazebs, erTob sadavoa, Tu ra gansakuTrebuli

saerTo istoria, religia, ena an, Tundac, saerTo kulturuli memkvi�

dreoba akavSirebs ruseTs afxazeTTan da e.w. samxreT oseTTan, ro�e.w. samxreT oseTTan, ro� samxreT oseTTan, ro�

melic Tvisebrivad gansxvavdeba ruseT�saqarTvelos Soris arsebuli

religuri, istoriuli Tu kulturuli kavSirebisagan. ruseTi rom

umravlesad eTnikuri osebiT iyos dasaxlebuli, an saqarTvelo mah�

madianuri saxelmwifo iyos, an rusuli da osuri erTmaneTis identur

enebs warmoadgendnen, an, Tundac, rusuli kultura osuri kulturis

safuZveli (an piriqiT) yofiliyo, es sakiTxi damatebiTi ganxilvis sa�

gani gaxdeboda. vfiqrob, mocemul realobaSi bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva:

ramdenad legitimuria saxelmwifos interesi, romelic qveynis SigniT

arsebuli arcTu maRali xarisxiT daculi erovnuli umciresobis sax�

eliT (igulisxmeba CrdiloeT oseTi _ alania), sxva saxelmwifos (saqarT�_ alania), sxva saxelmwifos (saqarT� alania), sxva saxelmwifos (saqarT�

velos) iurisdiqciaSi Semavali aseTive umciresobis dacvaze acxadebs

pretenzias. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom aseTi pretenziis ganmcxadebeli

saxelmwifo (ruseTi) Tavad sxva eTnosis, kulturisa da enis mqone um�eTnosis, kulturisa da enis mqone um� kulturisa da enis mqone um�

ravlesobaa _ àrahumanitaruli mizani~ TavisTavad naTelia.

imedi viqonioT, rom qveynebi umaRlesi komisris, bolcanos, rekomen�bolcanos, rekomen� rekomen�

daciebs droulad gaiTvaliswineben, riTac SesaZloa Tavidan aicilon

momavali saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis savalalo Sedegebi.

oms xom jer aravisTvis moutania simSvide. mSvidoba ki ufro mdgradia,

Tuki is gaziarebul, saerTo Rirebulebebzea damyarebuli.

26

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso dokumentebis eqstrateritoriuli gamoyeneba _ saerTaSoriso meqanizmebisa da erovnuli sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi

irine barTaia

Sesavali

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso dokumentebis moqmedeba ar

aris SezRuduli mxolod maTi xelSemkvreli mxareebis teritoriebiT.

saerTaSoriso meqanizmebis mier sakmaod progresulad da ganvrcobiT

ganimarta adamianis uflebaTa dacvis aqtebis eqstrateritoriuli gamoy�eqstrateritoriuli gamoy� gamoy�

enebis farglebi. aRniSnulis dasturia mTeli rigi gadawyvetilebebisa,

komentarebisa Tu mosazrebebisa, romlebic mimoxilulia winamdebare naS� winamdebare naS�winamdebare naS�

romSi. Sesabamisad, dResdReobiT, umetes SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia, sax�

elmwifom aicilos pasuxismgebloba mis mier eqstrateritoriuli qmede�eqstrateritoriuli qmede� qmede�

bebis konteqstSi ganxorcielebuli adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebisaTvis.

statiaSi mimoxiluli iqneba, erTi mxriv, saerTaSoriso sasamarT�

loebis praqtika am mimarTulebiT da, meore mxriv, erovnul sasamarT�

loTa gadawyvetilebebi.

naSromi Sedgeba sami Tavisagan. pirvel TavSi ganxilulia saerTaSor�

iso meqanizmebis praqtika. kerZod, aq mocemulia adamianis uflebaTa

saerTaSoriso aqtebis eqstrateritoriul gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT

adamianis uflebaTa komitetisa da marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sa�

samarTlos praqtikis analizi.

meore Tavi eTmoba saerTaSoriso regionalur sistemebs. mis pirvel

nawilSi mimoxilulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis terito�

27


riuli gamoyenebis farglebi da am kuTxiT arsebuli adamianis uflebaTa

komitetisa da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ZiriTadi prec�

edentebi; amave Tavis meore nawili exeba adamianis uflebaTa panamerikuli

komisiis praqtikas adamianis uflebebisa da valdebulebebis Sesaxeb ameri�

kis deklaraciis eqstrateritoriul moqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT.

mesame Tavi erovnuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis analizs eTmoba.

kerZod, aq mimoxilulia gaerTianebuli samefosa da amerikis SeerTe�

buli Statebis sasamarTloebis mier Tu rogor ganimarta iurisdiqciis

cneba da, Sesabamisad, mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi adamianis

uflebaTa eqstrateritoriuli darRvevebisaTvis.

naSromis bolo nawilSi warmodgenilia masSi ganxiluli praqtikis

analizis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli daskvnebi.

1. saerTaSoriso meqanizmebi

1.1. adamianis uflebaTa komisia

1966 wels miRebul iqna samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Ses�

axeb saerTaSoriso paqti (SemdgomSi _ `samoqalaqo da politikuri paq�_ `samoqalaqo da politikuri paq� `samoqalaqo da politikuri paq�

ti~), romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wels.1 paqtis me�2 muxlis Tanaxmad,

xelSemkvreli mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, daicvan masSi ganmtkice� mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, daicvan masSi ganmtkice�

buli uflebebi TavianT teritoriaze da iurisdiqciis sferoSi myofi

yvela piris mimarT:

àm paqtis monawile TiToeuli saxelmwifo kisrulobs valdeb�

ulebas pativi sces da misi teritoriis farglebsa da mis iuris�

diqciaSi myofi yvela pirisaTvis uzrunvelyos am paqtiT aRiare�

buli uflebebi [...].~2

am muxlis sityvasityviT wakiTxvas mivyavarT im daskvnamde, rom sax�

elmwifos ekisreba valdebuleba, daicvas adamianis uflebebi mxolod im

1 saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb, 1966 weli, saqarT�veloSi ZalaSia 1994 wlis 3 agvistodan. (SemdgomSi _ `samoqalaqo da politikuri paqti~).

2 Id., me�2 muxli.

28

irine barTaia

SemTxvevaSi, roca piri mis teritoriazea da amavdroulad misi iurisdiq�amavdroulad misi iurisdiq� misi iurisdiq�

ciis qveS imyofeba.3 Tu gadavxedavT samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtis

SemuSavebis dros qveynebis mier dafiqsirebul poziciebs, naTeli gaxde�

ba, aRniSnuli muxlis amgvari formulireba ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom

xelSemkvrel mxareebs aecilebinaT okupirebul teritoriebze adamianis

uflebaTa dacvis valdebuleba.4 Tumca SemdgomSi adamianis uflebaTa

komitetma, romelic daarsda, amave dokumentis 28�e muxlis Tanaxmad,

masSi ganmtkicebuli uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, aRniSnu�

li formulireba ufro farTod ganmarta. adamianis uflebaTa komitetma

araerTxel daadastura, rom saxelmwifoTa pasuxismgebloba ar Semoi�

fargleba mxolod maTi teritoriebiT da igi vrceldeba maT farglebs

miRma myof pirTa mimarTac, roca es ukanasknelni maTi iurisdiqciis qveS

eqcevian. kerZod, adamianis uflebaTa komitetis 31�e zogad komentarSi

mocemulia, rom, me�2 muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, xelSemkvreli

mxareebi valdebulni arian, pativi scen da daicvan paqtSi gaTvaliswineb�

uli uflebebi yvela im piris mimarT, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen maT ter�

itoriaze da yvela im piris mimarT, romlebic maTi iurisdiqciis qveS

imyofebian. adamianis uflebaTa komitetis komentaris Tanaxmad, aRniSnu�

li gulisxmobs xelSemkvreli mxaris valdebulebas, daicvas samoqalaqo

da politikur paqtSi mocemuli uflebebi nebismieri piris mimarT, ro�

melic misi Zalauflebis an efeqtiani kontrolis qveS eqceva, Tundac es

adamiani fizikurad ar imyofebodes mis teritoriaze. komentarSi aseve

miTiTebulia, rom samoqalaqo da politikur paqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli

uflebebiT sargebloba ar aris SezRuduli mxolod xelSemkvrel mxare�xelSemkvrel mxare� mxare�

Ta moqalaqeebis mimarT, aramed es uflebebi vrceldeba yvela pirze,

iqneba es mesame qveynis moqalaqe Tu moqalaqeobis armqone piri, rom�

lebic aRmoCndebian xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriaze an misi iuris�xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriaze an misi iuris� mxaris teritoriaze an misi iuris�

diqciis qveS. Sesabamisad, es principi aseve gamoiyeneba im pirTa mimarT,

romlebic imyofebian xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriis farglebs miRma

am qveynis Zalebis Zalauflebis an efeqtiani kontrolis qveS, miuxedavad

imisa, Tu ra pirobebSi iqna es kontroli mopovebuli. aseTi SemTxvevebi

SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, xelSemkvreli mxaris erovnuli kontingentis

3 Michael J. Dennis, Application of Human Rights Treaties Extraterritorially in Times of Armed Conflict and Military Occupations, 99 (1) A.J.I.L. (2005), 122.

4 Id., gv. 123-124.

29


Semadgeneli Zalebi, romlebic monawileoben saerTaSoriso samSvidobo

operaciebSi. _ aRniSnulia zogad komentarSi.5

rogorc zemoT moyvanili komentari cxadyofs, samoqalaqo da poli�

tikuri paqtis monawile saxelmwifoebs ekisrebaT valdebuleba, daicvan

ara mxolod TavianT teritoriaze myofi nebismieri adamianis uflebe�

bi, aramed im pirTa uflebebic, romlebic, marTalia, maTi teritoriis

sazRvrebs miRma imyofebian, Tumca eqcevian am qveynis Zalauflebis an

efeqtiani kontrolis qveS.

aRniSnuli midgoma araerTxel dadasturda adamianis uflebaTa

komitetis gadawyvetilebebSi. am mxriv, interess moklebuli ar iqneba

zogierTi maTganis mimoxilva.

saqme lopes burgosi urugvais winaaRmdeg exeboda urugvais samsaxu�urugvais samsaxu� samsaxu�samsaxu�

rebis ukanono qmedebebs rogorc argentinaSi, ise urugvaiSi.6 kerZod,

lopes burgosi ukanonod iqna dakavebuli urugvais uSiSroebisa da

dazvervis samsaxurebis mier buenos�airesSi da Semdgom gadayvanil iqna

urugvaiSi. dakavebulis mimarT ganxorcielda paqtiT gaTvaliswinebu� dakavebulis mimarT ganxorcielda paqtiT gaTvaliswinebu�

li uflebebis darRveva orive qveyanaSi.7

adamianis uflebaTa komitetma ganixila es saqme da aRniSna, rom mas

ufleba hqonda, ganexila ganacxadi urugvais winaaRmdeg argentinis ter�urugvais winaaRmdeg argentinis ter� winaaRmdeg argentinis ter�argentinis ter� ter�

itoriaze ganxorcielebuli darRvevebis konteqstSi.8 adamianis ufle�

baTa komitetis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo da politikuri paqti da misi dam�

atebiTi oqmi ise ar unda iqnes gagebuli, rom igi ar akisrebs saxelmwi�

fos pasuxismgeblobas im qmedebebis mimarT, romlebic misi teritoriis

farglebs gareT moxdeba.9 mTavari, rasac adamianis uflebaTa komiteti

aniWebs mniSvnelobas, aris ara darRvevis adgili, aramed kavSiri pirsa da

saxelmwifos Soris.10 dauSvebeli iqneboda paqtis me�2 muxlidan gamomdi�me�2 muxlidan gamomdi� muxlidan gamomdi�

nare pasuxismgeblobis imgvarad ganmarteba, romelic uflebas miscemda

xelSemkvrel mxares, Caedina paqtiT akrZaluli qmedebebi sxva qveyanaSi,

5 General Comment No. 31, Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, 26/05/2004, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13, (General Comments), §10, [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

6 Lopez Burgos v. Uruguay, Communication No.52/1979, 29/07/81, CPR/C/13/D/52/1979, HRC, (Juris-prudence), [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

7 Id . §§2.2. – 2.4. 8 Id., §12.1.9 Id., §12.3.10 Id., §12.2.

30

irine barTaia

romlis Cadenac mas ar SeuZlia sakuTar teritoriaze, _ aRniSna adamia�

nis uflebaTa komitetma.11 aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT dadginda urug�urug�

vais mxridan samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtis darRvevebi lopes burgo� burgo�burgo�

sis mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadamianuri mopyrobis gamo,

romelic moxda rogorc argentinaSi, ise urugvaiSi. adamianis uflebaTa

komitetma, samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtis sxva darRvevebTan erTad,

aseve daadgina urugvais pasuxismgebloba lopes burgosis argentinaSi

motacebisa da misi urugvaiSi gadayvanisaTvis. kerZod, man miuTiTa, rom

es iyo TviTneburi dapatimreba da dakaveba.12

analogiurad, saqmeze _ seliberti urugvais winaaRmdeg _ adamianis

uflebaTa komitetma daadgina urugvais pasuxismgebloba misi warmomad�urugvais pasuxismgebloba misi warmomad� pasuxismgebloba misi warmomad�

genlebis mier braziliis teritoriaze ganmcxadeblis dakavebis gamo.13

saqme vidal martinsi urugvais winaaRmdeg14 Seexeboda meqsikaSi

mcxovrebi urugvais moqalaqisaTvis pasportis gacemaze uaris Tqmas,

ris gamoc mas ezRudeboda paqtis me�12 muxlis me�2 punqtiT daculi

ufleba, romlis Tanaxmadac, `TiToeul adamians aqvs ufleba wavides

yoveli qveynidan, maT Soris sakuTari qveynidan.~15 vinaidan pasportis

gareSe piri ver SeZlebda aRniSnuli uflebis realizacias, am saqme�

ze adamianis uflebaTa komitetma daadgina urugvais mier paqtiT na�urugvais mier paqtiT na� mier paqtiT na�

kisri valdebulebebis darRveva, miuxedavad imisa, rom ganmcxadebeli

cxovrobda meqsikaSi da ara urugvaiSi. dauSvebelia paqtis ganmarteba

imgvarad, rom igi akisrebdes urugvais valdebulebas mxolod im moqa�urugvais valdebulebas mxolod im moqa� valdebulebas mxolod im moqa�

laqeebis mimarT, romlebic mis teritoriaze imyofebian. _ miTiTebul

iqna adamianis uflebaTa komitetis mosazrebaSi.16 analogiuri daskvnebi

iqna miRebuli saqmeebze: lixtenStaini urugvais winaaRmdeg17 da monte�

ro urugvais winaaRmdeg.18

11 Id,. §12.3.12 Id,. §13.13 Celiberti v. Uruguay, Communication No.56/1979, 29/07/81, CCPR/C/13/D/56/1979, HRC, (Jurispru-

dence), [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).14 Vidal Martins v. Uruguay, Communication No.57/1979, 23/03/82, CCPR/C/15/D/57/1979, HRC, (Ju-

risprudence), [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).15 samoqalaqo da politikuri paqti, supra sqolio, 1. 16 Id., §§7 – 10. 17 Lichtensztejn v. Uruguay, Communication No.77/1980, 31/03/83, CCPR/C/18/D/77/1980, HRC, (Ju-

risprudence), [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).18 Montero v. Uruguay, Communication No. 106/1981, 31/03/83, CCPR/C/18/D/106/1981, HRC, (Juris-

prudence), [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

31


adamianis uflebaTa komitetma araerTxel aRniSna, rom xelSemkvrel

qveyanas ekisreba valdebuleba, daicvas adamianis uflebebi im terito�

riebze, sadac igi axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols.19 am mxriv aRsaniS�

navia daskvniTi mosazrebebi israelTan mimarTebiT. kerZod, adamianis

uflebaTa komitetma SeSfoTeba gamoTqva israelis uaryofiT pozi�

ciasTan dakavSirebiT, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri paqti srulad

gamoyenebuliyo mis mier okupirebul teritoriebTan mimarTebiT da

aRniSna, rom am dokumentis moqmedeba unda gavrcelebuliyo ara marto

okupirebul, aramed im teritoriebis mimarTac, sadac israeli axor�

cielebda efeqtian kontrols.20 aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, israels

eTxova, am teritoriebze samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtiT gaTval�

iswinebuli uflebebis dacvis mizniT ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis

Sesaxeb informacia warmoedgina.21

zemoaRniSnulis msgavsad, adamianis uflebaTa komitetma 1998 wels

daskvniT mimoxilvaSi belgiis mTavrobisagan moiTxova gaeros egidiT

somaliSi moqmedi misi samxedroebis qmedebebis Sesaxeb informacia.22

2001 wels niderlandebis mTavrobas eTxova, gamoZieba Caetarebina

misi mSvidobismyofelebis srebrenicas movlenebSi savaraudo monawil�mSvidobismyofelebis srebrenicas movlenebSi savaraudo monawil� srebrenicas movlenebSi savaraudo monawil�srebrenicas movlenebSi savaraudo monawil� movlenebSi savaraudo monawil�

eobasTan dakavSirebiT.23

adamianis uflebaTa komitetma aseve sTxova amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis mTavrobas, ganexorcielebina efeqtiani da miukerZoebeli

gamoZieba misi teritoriis farglebs miRma, maT Soris guantanamos yureSi,

avRaneTsa da eraySi arsebul dakavebis adgilebSi sicocxlis xelyofis,

wamebisa da araadamianuri mopyrobis savaraudo faqtebTan dakavSirebiT.24

saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba paqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebule�

bebis darRvevisaTvis SeiZleba dadges ara mxolod eqstrateritoriuli

19 Sarah Joseph, Jenny Schultz and Melissa Castan, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Cases, Materials and Commentary, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, 87.

20 HRC, Israel, 18/08/98, CCPR/C/79/Add.93, (Concluding Observations/Comments), §10, [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

21 HRC, Israel, 21/08/2003, CCPR/CO/78/ISR, (Concluding Observations/Comments), §11, [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

22 HRC, Belgium, 19/11/98, CCPR/C/79/Add.99, (Concluding Observations/Comments), §14, [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

23 HRC, Netherlands, 27/08/2001, CCPR/CO/72/NET, (Concluding Observations/Comments), §8, [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

24 HRC, United States of America, 15.09.06, CCPR/C/USA/CO/3, §14. [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

32

irine barTaia

qmedebisaTvis, aramed qmedebis eqstrateritoriuli SedegisaTvis, rac

SeiZleba mohyves piris eqstradiciis, deportaciisa da sxva qveyanaSi

gadacemis SemTxvevas. adamianis uflebaTa komitetma daadgina, rom Tu

samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtis xelSemkvreli qveyana moaxdens piris

eqstradicias meore qveyanaSi, rasac Tan axlavs riski, rom eqstradire� meore qveyanaSi, rasac Tan axlavs riski, rom eqstradire�eqstradire�

buli piris mimarT dairRveva aRniSnuli paqtiT daculi uflebebi sxva

iurisdiqciaSi, SeiZleba dadges gadamcemi qveynis pasuxismgeblobis

sakiTxi.25 Sesabamisad, saqmeSi _ Citati kanadis winaaRmdeg _ aRiniSna,

rom ganmcxadeblis eqstradicia amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, rom�eqstradicia amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, rom� amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, rom�

lis mimarT, sikvdilis dasjis SemTxvevaSi, gamoyenebuli iqneboda ga�

ziT gagudvis meTodi, gamoiwvevda kanadis mier samoqalaqo da poli�

tikuri paqtiT nakisri valdebulebebis darRvevas. adamianis uflebaTa

komitetma daadgina, rom sikvdiliT dasjis amgvari forma, dakavSire�

buli xangrZliv tanjvasTan, SeuTavsebeli iyo aRniSnuli dokumentis

me�7 muxlis moTxovnebTan, romelic krZalavs wamebasa da araadamianur

mopyrobas.26

adamianis uflebaTa komitetis zemoxsenebuli praqtika cxadyofs,

rom saxelmwifos valdebuleba, daicvas samoqalaqo da politikuri

paqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli adamianis uflebebi, ar Semoifargleba mx�

olod misi teritoriiT, aramed sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi aseTi valdeb�

uleba scildeba mis erovnul sazRvrebs, roca dadgindeba am qveynis

mier eqstrateritoriuli iurisdiqciis ganxorcielebis faqti.

1.2. marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciebis eqstrateri�konvenciebis eqstrateri� eqstrateri�eqstrateri�

toriuli gamoyenebis kuTxiT sainteresoa marTlmsajulebis saerTaSor� gamoyenebis kuTxiT sainteresoa marTlmsajulebis saerTaSor�

iso sasamarTlos praqtika (SemdgomSi _ `saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo~).

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom Tavis mier ganxilul saqmeebSi daaf�

iqsira sakuTari pozicia, rom adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso do�

kumentebis moqmedeba ar izRudeba mocemuli qveynis teritoriiT da

calkeul SemTxvevaSi vrceldeba mis farglebs miRmac.

25 Charles Chitat Ng. v Canada, Communication No.469/1991, 7/01/1994, CCPR/C/49/D/469/1991, HRC, §14.2, [http://www.ohchr.org] (29.05.2009).

26 Id., §16.4.

33


am kuTxiT sainteresoa saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mosazreba saq�sainteresoa saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mosazreba saq� saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mosazreba saq�

meze _ palestinis okupirebul teritoriebze kedlis agebis samarT�

lebrivi Sedegebi.27 aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT saerTaSoriso sa�

samarTlom ganixila sakiTxi, vrceldeboda Tu ara palestinis okupire�

bul teritoriaze adamianis uflebaTa is saerTaSoriso konvenciebi,

romelTa monawile israeli iyo.28

am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT israeli amtkicebda, rom adamianis ufle�

baTa konvenciebi ar SeiZleboda gavrcelebuliyo mis mier okupirebul

teritoriebze, vinaidan isini miznad isaxavdnen mSvidobian periodSi

am qveynis moqalaqeebis dacvas sakuTari xelisuflebisagan. israelis

Tanaxmad, mxolod humanitaruli samarTali SeiZleboda gamoyenebuli�

yo konfliqtur situaciebSi.29

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom uaryo israelis mosazreba, rom adamia�

nis uflebaTa konvenciebi wyvetdnen moqmedebas saomar viTarebaSi da,

pirvel rigSi, ganixila samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtis moqmedebis

farglebi.30

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos azriT, am paqtis me�2 muxlis pirveli

punqti, romelic gansazRvravs misi moqmedebis farglebs, SeiZleba

ganimartos mravalgvarad. kerZod, es SeiZleba gulisxmobdes, rom do�

kumenti vrceldeba mxolod im pirTa mimarT, romlebic erTdroulad

arian qveynis teritoriaze da misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi; es muxli

aseve SeiZleba gagebul iqnes ise, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri paq�

ti vrceldeba im pirTa mimarT, romlebic ara marto mocemuli qveynis

teritoriaze imyofebian, aramed im pirTa mimarTac, romlebic, Tum�

ca saxelmwifos sazRvrebs miRma arian, magram eqcevian am ukanaskne�

lis iurisdiqciis qveS. imisaTvis, rom daedgina, Tu romeli ganmarteba

iqneboda swori, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo Seudga aRniSnuli sakiTxis

detalur ganxilvas.31

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom imTaviTve miuTiTa, rom, Tumca qvey�

nis iurisdiqcia ZiriTadad teritoriulia, calkeul SemTxvevaSi igi

27 Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I. C. J. Reports 2004, p. 136.

28 Id., §102.29 Id. 30 Id., §§105 - 108.31 Id., §108.

34

irine barTaia

SeiZleba gascdes erovnuli teritoriis sazRvrebs. saerTaSoriso sa�

samarTlom miiCnia, rom amgvari midgoma swored paqtis miznebisa da

amocanebis Sesabamisi iqneboda.32 Tavisi mosazrebebis dasturad saerTa�

Soriso sasamarTlom miuTiTa adamianis uflebaTa komitetis praqtika�

ze, sadac araerTxel dadginda qveynis mier samoqalaqo da politikuri

paqtiT nakisri valdebulebebis dacvis sakiTxi misi teritoriis farg�

lebs gareT, sadac igi iurisdiqcias axorcielebda.33

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom daadgi�

na, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri paqti vrceldeba im qmedebebTan

mimarTebiT, romlebic dakavSirebulia saxelmwifos teritoriis farg�

lebs miRma misi iurisdiqciis ganxorcielebasTan.34

amis Semdgom saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom daiwyo ekonomikuri, so�

cialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb 1966 wlis saerTaSoriso

paqtis eqstrateritoriuli gamoyenebis sakiTxis ganxilva. gansxvave�eqstrateritoriuli gamoyenebis sakiTxis ganxilva. gansxvave� gamoyenebis sakiTxis ganxilva. gansxvave�

biT samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtisagan, ekonomikuri, socialuri da

kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb paqti ar Seicavs msgavs debulebas misi

gamoyenebis farglebTan dakavSirebiT, rac saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom

imiT axsna, rom es ukanaskneli moicavs iseT uflebebs, romlebic ar�

sebiTad teritoriuli xasiaTisaa. amis miuxedavad, saerTaSoriso sa�

samarTlom daadgina: ar SeiZleba gamoiricxos, rom ekonomikuri, so�

cialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb paqti moqmedebs ara marto

qveynis teritoriaze, sadac misi suvereniteti vrceldeba, aramed im

teritoriebzec, sadac es qveyana axorcielebs teritoriul iurisdiq�

cias.35

aRniSnulis dasturad saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom, erTi mxriv,

miuTiTa paqtis gardamaval me�14 muxlze, romlis Sesabamisadac misi

monawile qveynebi iReben valdebulebas, ori wlis ganmavlobaSi uzrun�

velyon savaldebulo ufaso sayovelTao ganaTleba Tavisi metropoli�

is teritoriasa da mis iurisdiqciaSi myof sxva teritoriebze, xolo

meore mxriv, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa komite�

tis praqtikaze, romlis Tanaxmadac israeli valdebuli iyo, es paqti

32 Id., §109.33 Id. 34 Id., §111.35 Id., §112.

35


gamoeyenebina misi efeqtur kontrolis qveS arsebuli yvela terito�

riisa da mosaxleobis mimarT.36

Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom daadgina, rom israeli val�

debuli iyo, daecva ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa

Sesaxeb paqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi okupirebul terito�

riebze, romlebic misi iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeboda 37 wlis ganmav�

lobaSi.37

yovelgvari damatebiTi msjelobis gareSe saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom

daadgina, rom 1989 wlis konvencia bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb gamoiyene�

boda palestinis okupirebul teritoriaze. kerZod, man miuTiTa kon�

venciis me�2 muxlze, romlis Tanaxmad, yvela xelSemkvreli mxare val�me�2 muxlze, romlis Tanaxmad, yvela xelSemkvreli mxare val� muxlze, romlis Tanaxmad, yvela xelSemkvreli mxare val�xelSemkvreli mxare val� mxare val�

debulia daicvas konvenciiT daculi uflebebi yvela bavSvis mimarT,

romlebic misi iurisdiqciis qveS imyofebian.38

vinaidan zemoaRniSnuli konvenciebi vrceldeboda palestinis oku�konvenciebi vrceldeboda palestinis oku� vrceldeboda palestinis oku�

pirebul teritoriaze, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ked�

lis mSenebloba am teritoriebze zRudavda samoqalaqo da ekonomikuri

paqtiT daculi gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebas okupirebul terito�

riebze mcxovrebTaTvis (garda israelis moqalaqeebisa da maTTan asi�

milirebuli pirebisa). aRniSnuli qmedebiT aseve izRudeboda Sromis,

janmrTelobis, ganaTlebisa da adekvaturi cxovrebis pirobebis ufle�

bebi, rasac iTvaliswinebs ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli

uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqti da gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis

dacvis konvencia.39

gamomdinare iqidan, rom xSirad iurisdiqcia da saxelmwifos pasux�

ismgebloba erTmaneTTan gaigivebul kategoriebad aRiqmeba, risi erT�

erTi magaliTic aris adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praq�

tika, aranakleb sainteresoa saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos is saqmeebi, rom�

lebSic ganxilulia, Tu romeli qmedebebi SeiZleba miekuTvnos saxelmwi�

fos, misi pasuxismgeblobis dadgenis mizniT. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tanaxmad

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mravali gadawyvetilebisa,

romlebic detalurad aris mimoxiluli me�2 TavSi, Tu qmedeba miekuT�me�2 TavSi, Tu qmedeba miekuT� TavSi, Tu qmedeba miekuT�

36 Id. 37 Id.38 Id., §113.39 Id., §134.

36

irine barTaia

vneba qveyanas, maSin, iTvleba, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi igi axorcielebs

eqstrateritoriul iurisdiqcias. Sesabamisad, imis gaTvaliswinebiT,

rom xSir SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos valdebuleba, adamianis uflebaTa do�

kumentebidan gamomdinare, damokidebulia qmedebis am saxelmwifosaTvis

mikuTvnebaze, interesmoklebuli ar iqneba am mimarTulebiT saerTaSor�interesmoklebuli ar iqneba am mimarTulebiT saerTaSor�moklebuli ar iqneba am mimarTulebiT saerTaSor�

iso sasamarTlos praqtikis mimoxilva. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos pozi�

cia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenilia saqmeebSi: nikaragua ameri�

kis SeerTebuli Statebis winaaRmdeg40 da bosnia serbiis winaaRmdeg.41

saqmeSi _ nikaragua amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis winaaRmdeg saer�

TaSoriso sasamarTlom ganixila nikaraguis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg me�

brZolTa jgufis _ `kontras~ _ mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis

amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisaTvis mikuTvnebis sakiTxi.42 am saqmesTan

dakavSirebiT nikaraguis mTavroba amtkicebda amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobas `kontras~ mier ganxorcielebuli

qmedebebisaTvis, vinaidan es jgufi daqiravebuli, organizebuli, da�

finansebuli da marTuli iyo amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mier da,

Sesabamisad, imyofeboda am ukanasknelis efeqtiani kontrolis qveS.43

amrigad, aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT daisva saxelmwifos pasuxismge�

blobis sakiTxi im piris an pirTa jgufis qmedebebisaTvis, romelsac ar gaaC�

nia saxelmwifo organos statusi. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom ar gamoricxa

saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis SesaZleblobis sakiTxi amgvar SemTxvevebSi.

Tavdapirvelad man ganixila, rogori urTierTkavSiri iyo `kontrasa~ da

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobas Soris, kerZod: iyo Tu ara sax�

eze imgvari kontrolisa da damokidebulebis xarisxi, rac, samarTlebrivi

miznebisaTvis, gaaTanabrebda `kontras~ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis xe�`kontras~ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis xe� amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis xe�

lisuflebis organosTan an xelisuflebis saxeliT moqmed jgufTan.44 sa�

samarTlos Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos miekuTvneba pirTa jgufis qmedebebi, Tu

es ukanaskneli mocemuli qveynis srul daqvemdebarebaSi imyofeba.45

40 Military and Paramilitary Activities in und against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America). Merits, Judgment. I.C.J. Reports 1986, [SemdgomSi � “Nicaragua case”].

41 Case Concerning the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), I.C.J., Judgment of 26 February 2007, [SemdgomSi — “Genocide case”].

42 Nicaragua case, supra sqolio, 40, §20.43 Id., §1, §20 & §114.44 Id., §109.45 Id., §110.

37


Tumca saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom ar amowura saxelmwifos pasux�

ismgeblobis sakiTxi mxolod im piris an pirTa jgufis qmedebebisaTvis,

romelic mis srul daqvemdebarebaSi imyofeba. man aRniSna, rom pasux�

ismgeblobis sakiTxi SeiZleba dadges iseT SemTxvevaSic, roca saxeze

ar aris sruli damokidebuleba.46 saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom daadgina,

rom piris an pirTa jgufis mier Cadenili darRvevebi miekuTvneba sax�

elmwifos im SemTxvevaSic, Tu dadasturda, rom es qveyana axorcielebda

efeqtian kontrols im samxedro operaciebze, romelTa drosac aRniS�

nuli darRvevebi ganxorcielda.47

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom ganixila amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

mier `kontras~ mimarT ganxorcielebuli kontrolis xarisxi da daad�`kontras~ mimarT ganxorcielebuli kontrolis xarisxi da daad� mimarT ganxorcielebuli kontrolis xarisxi da daad�

gina, rom samxedro, finansuri, lojistikuri da sxva saxis daxmarebis

gaweva, aseve am jgufis operaciebis dagegmva da samxedro samizneebis

SerCeva ar iyo sakmarisi, raTa am pirTa qmedebebi mihkuTvneboda amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobas. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavroba ar iyo pasuxismgebeli ̀ kontras~

mier Cadenili adamianis uflebebisa da humanitaruli samarTlis dar�

RvevebisaTvis, vinaidan ar dakmayofilda efeqtiani kontrolis testi.48

aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis tribunalma yofili

iugoslaviisaTvis (SemdgomSi _ `tribunali~) gaakritika saerTaSoriso sa�_ `tribunali~) gaakritika saerTaSoriso sa� `tribunali~) gaakritika saerTaSoriso sa�

samarTlos mier dadgenili efeqtiani kontrolis testi. kerZod, tadiCis49

saqmeSi tribunalma aRniSna, rom saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier dadge�

nili standarti damajereblobas iyo moklebuli da ar Seesabameboda arc

saerTaSoriso samarTlis logikas, arc sasamarTlo da saxelmwifoTa praq�

tikas.50 Sesabamisad, tribunalis mier uaryofil iqna efeqtiani kontrolis

testi da mis nacvlad SemuSavda zogadi kontrolis standarti, riTac mniS�

vnelovnad gafarTovda saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis farglebi.51

tribunalma ganasxvava kerZo piris qmedeba SeiaraRebuli jgufis

qmedebisagan da maTi qmedebebis saxelmwifosadmi mikuTvnebis mizniT dad�

genil iqna sxvadasxva standarti. raTa ganisazRvros, moqmedebda Tu ara

46 Id., §§109 -115.47 Id., §115.48 Id., §115.49 ICTY, Appeals Chamber, Tadić , 15 July 1999 (Case no. IT-94-1-A). 50 Id., §116 and § 124.51 Id., §137.

38

irine barTaia

kerZo piri rogorc saxelmwifos de faqto organo, saWiroa dadgindes,

rom man miiRo konkretuli instruqcia konkretuli qmedebis ganxor�

cielebis mizniT, an ukve ganxorcielebuli qmedeba SemdgomSi mxardaWer�

il iqna saxelmwifos mier.52 SeiaraRebul jgufTan mimarTebiT tribunal�

ma gansxvavebuli midgoma SeimuSava. kerZod, SeiaraRebuli formirebis

mimarT sakmarisia saxelmwifo axorcielebdes zogad kontrols (am Sem�

TxvevaSi mxolod finansuri daxmareba an samxedro aRWurva Tu treningi

sakmarisi ar aris zogadi kontrolis dasadgenad). Tumca aRniSnuli ar

moiTxovs, saxeze iyos saxelmwifos mier gacemuli konkretuli brZane�

bebi an yoveli individualuri RonisZieba imarTebodes am qveynis mier.53

tribunalma CaTvala, rom, saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, ar aris

saWiro, yvela operacia igegmebodes im saxelmwifos mier, romelic ax�

orcielebs kontrols am jgufze. saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad,

kontroli saxeze iqneba, Tu saxelmwifo, am SeiaraRebuli formirebis

dafinansebis, treningis, aRWurvisa da sxva operaciuli daxmarebebis gaw�

evis garda, monawileobs am jgufis samxedro moqmedebebis organizebaSi,

koordinaciasa da dagegmvaSi.54 Sesabamisad, tribunali miiCnevs, rom ase�

Ti jgufis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi miekuTvneba saxelmwifos,

miuxedavad imisa, arsebobda Tu ara konkretuli instruqcia am saxelm�

wifos mxridan konkretuli qmedebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT.55

garda zemoaRniSnulisa, tribunalma SeimuSava mesame testi, im

situaciebTan mimarTebiT, roca kerZo pirebi TavianTi saqcielis gamo

uTanabrdebian saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebs.56

aRsaniSnavia, rom tadiCis saqme ar darCenila kritikis gareSe ara

mxolod gansxvavebuli standartis gamo, rac man SemoiRo, aramed imi�imi�

sTvisac, rom mas saerTod ar unda ganexila es sakiTxi.57 mogvianebiT

saqmeSi _ nikaragua amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis winaaRmdeg _ dadge�

nili testi dadasturda saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier.

52 Id., §137.53 Id.54 Id.55 Id.56 Id., §141.57 Richard J. Goldstone & Rebecca J. Hamilton, Bosnia v. Serbia: Lessons from the Encounter of the

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 21 Leiden Journal of International Law (2008), 101 [SemdgomSi _ “Goldstone & Hamilton”].

39


efeqtiani kontrolis sakiTxi kvlav ganixila sasamarTlom 2007

wels saqmesTan _ bosnia serbiis winaaRmdeg58 _ dakavSirebiT. am saqmis

ganxilvisas saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom uaryo tribunalis mier dad�

genili standarti da daadastura is pozicia, romelic adre saqmesTan

_ nikaragua amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis winaaRmdeg _ dakavSirebiT

gamoixata. kerZod, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, zogadi kon�

trolis testis gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iyo imis dasadgenad, konfliq�

ti saerTaSoriso iyo Tu arasaerTaSoriso. Tumca am testis gamoyeneba

saxelmwifo pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis dasadgenad aramizanSewonilad

miiCnia, vinaidan igi ewinaaRmdegeboda saxelmwifo pasuxismgeblobis

Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso samarTals.59

saqmeze _ bosnia serbiis winaaRmdeg _ miRebuli gadawyvetileba gu�

lisxmobs, rom saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo momavalSi saxelmwifos pasux�

ismgeblobis sakiTxebis dadgenisas gaagrZelebs efeqtiani kontrolis

testis gamoyenebas.60

zemoaRniSnuli gansxvavebuli midgomebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ibadeba

kiTxva, Tu romeli sasamarTlos pozicias unda mieniWos upiratesoba.

goldstounisa da hamiltonis azriT, am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso sa� da hamiltonis azriT, am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso sa�hamiltonis azriT, am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso sa� azriT, am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso sa�

samarTlo unda miviCnioT ufro kompetenturad, vinaidan swored mas

eniWeba zogadi iurisdiqcia im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rac saer�

TaSoriso sajaro samarTlis sferos ganekuTvneba;61 kaseses Tanaxmad,

Tanamedrove realobisa da tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, tribunalis

midgoma ufro gonivruli da Sesaferisia.62 igi Tvlis, rom efeqtiani

kontrolis tests ori mniSvnelovani nakli axasiaTebs: pirveli, igi

ar efuZneba raime precedents an saxelmwifos praqtikas da, meore, igi

ar Seesabameba saxelmwifo pasuxismgeblobis samarTlis arsebiT prin�

cipebs, romelTa ZiriTadi mizania, saxelmwifom ver SeZlos ukanono

qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan arideba, rasac igi Caidens ker�

Zo pirTa jgufis meSveobiT.63

58 Genocide case, supra sqolio, 41. 59 Id., §§396 – 407. 60 Goldstone & Hamilton, supra sqolio, 57, gv. 102.61 Id., gv. 97.62 Antonio Cassese, The Nicaragua and Tadic tests revisited in light of the ICJ judgment on genocide in

Bosnia, 18(4) E.J.I.L. (2007), 665.63 Id., gv. 654.

40

irine barTaia

sakmarisi safuZvelia mtkicebulebisaTvis, rom saerTaSoriso sa�mtkicebulebisaTvis, rom saerTaSoriso sa� rom saerTaSoriso sa�

samarTlos midgoma moZvelebulia da ar exmianeba Tanamedrove realo�

bas. umravlesi saerTaSoriso da regionaluri institutebis poziciis

gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic qvemoT aris mimoxiluli, sasamarTlos mier

im standartTan dabruneba, romelic man 1986 wels SeimuSava, aramizaSe�aramizaSe�

wonilia da moklebulia logikur dasabuTebas.

2. adamianis uflebaTa dacvis regionaluri sistemebi

2.1. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo

1950 wels xeli moewera adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Tavisufle�Tavisufle�

baTa dacvis evropul konvencias (SemdgomSi _ èvropuli konvencia~),

romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1953 wels.64 Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom evro�

puli konvencia yvelaze efeqtiani saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi doku�

mentia adamianis uflebaTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT.65

evropuli konvenciis efeqtianobas ganapirobebs ara mxolod is, rom

igi iTvaliswinebs individualuri da saxelmwifoTaSorisi ganacxadis

wardgenis SesaZleblobas,66 aramed is faqti, rom evropul konvencia�

Si mocemuli uflebebisa da valdebulebebis dacvis zedamxedvelobis

mizniT Seqmnilia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo (SemdgomSi

_ èvropuli sasamarTlo~), romlis gadawyvetilebebi evropuli konven� èvropuli sasamarTlo~), romlis gadawyvetilebebi evropuli konven�

ciis xelSemkvrel mxareTaTvis savaldebuloa Sesasruleblad. aRniSnu�xelSemkvrel mxareTaTvis savaldebuloa Sesasruleblad. aRniSnu� mxareTaTvis savaldebuloa Sesasruleblad. aRniSnu�

lis gaTvaliswinebiT, yovelwliurad izrdeba evropul sasamarTloSi

wardgenil ganacxadTa raodenoba.67

64 adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis 1950 wlis 4 noembris evro�puli konvencia, saqarTveloSi ZalaSia 1999 wlis 20 maisidan [SemdgomSi _ èvropuli konvencia~].

65 ix. k. korkelia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi, 2004, gv. 18.

66 D. J. Harris, M O’Boyle and C. Warbrick, Law of the European Convention on Human Rights, But-terworths, London, Dublin, Edinburgh, 1995, 5.

67 i. barTaia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis aRsruleba _ evropuli da qarTuli gamocdileba, Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis Teoria da praqtika, naSromTa krebuli eZRvneba akademikos levan aleqsiZis dabadebidan 80 wlis iu�biles, Tb., 2007, gv. 253 _ 258.

41


evropuli konvenciis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, ̀ maRali xelSemkvreli

mxareebi TavianTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi yvelasaTvis uzrunvelyofen

am konvenciis � TavSi gansazRvrul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs.~68

rogorc aRniSnuli muxli naTelyofs, evropuli konvenciis monawile

wevri qveynebi valdebulebas iReben, daicvan adamianis uflebebi Tavi�

anTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi.

Tu ras moicavs qveynis iurisdiqcia, amaze araerTi gadawyvetileba

iqna miRebuli yofili adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiisa da evro�

puli sasamarTlos mier. rogorc es qvemomoyvanil gadawyvetilebebSi

detaluradaa ganxiluli, evropuli konvenciis moqmedeba ar izRudeba

mxolod xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriiT da calkeul SemTxvevaSi vr�xelSemkvreli mxaris teritoriiT da calkeul SemTxvevaSi vr� mxaris teritoriiT da calkeul SemTxvevaSi vr�

celdeba mis farglebs gareT. am TavSi ganxiluli iqneba evropuli kon�

venciis eqstrateritoriul gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli preceden�eqstrateritoriul gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli preceden� gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli preceden�

tebi.

jer kidev 1965 wels ganxilul saqmeze _ iqsi germaniis federaciuli

respublikis winaaRmdeg _ miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi adamianis ufle�

baTa evropuli komisiis mier aRniSnuli iyo, rom evropuli konvenciis

wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi eqcevian am qveynis iurisdiqciaSi ma�

Sinac ki, rodesac isini cxovroben sazRvargareT. Sesabamisad, am pirTa

mimarT saelCoebis an sakonsuloebis mier ganxorcielebulma qmedebam

SeiZleba gamoiwvios aRniSnuli qveynis pasuxismgebloba, evropuli kon�

venciidan gamomdinare.69

saqme _ hesi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg _ exeboda gaer�

Tianebuli samefos mxridan evropuli konvenciis darRvevis sakiTxebs

berlinSi mdebare mokavSireTa samxedro cixeSi dapatimrebuli piris

mimarT, romelic gasamarTlebul iqna niurnbergis sasamarTlos mier

mSvidobis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis. aRniSnuli sapatimro

mdebareobda berlinis britanul seqtorSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ganacxadi exeboda berlinis cixeSi myofi

piris patimrobis pirobebs, adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam ar

gamoricxa gaerTianebuli samefos pasuxismgebloba misi teritoriis

miRma ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis mimarT. kerZod, man miuTiTa, rom

68 evropuli konvencia, supra sqolio, 64. 69 X v. the Federal Republic of Germany, Application no.1611/6225, 25 September 1965, Yearbook, vol.

8, p. 158.

42

irine barTaia

ZiriTadad ar arsebobda raime samarTlebrivi mizezi, Tu ratom ar unda

gamoewvia britaneTis xelisuflebis qmedebebs berlinSi britaneTis

mTavrobis pasuxismgebloba.70

1992 wels daniis winaaRmdeg miRebuli saqme exeboda misi diplomati�

uri warmomadgenlobis qmedebebs germaniis demokratiuli respublikis

teritoriaze.71 am saqmis mixedviT, germaniis federaciul respublikaSi

mosaxvedrad, ganmcxadebeli, sxva moqalaqeebTan erTad, Sevida daniis

saelCos teritoriaze. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, daniis elCma dax� teritoriaze. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, daniis elCma dax�teritoriaze. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, daniis elCma dax� aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, daniis elCma dax�aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, daniis elCma dax� dakavSirebiT, daniis elCma dax�dakavSirebiT, daniis elCma dax� daniis elCma dax�daniis elCma dax� elCma dax�elCma dax� dax�dax�

marebisaTvis adgilobriv policias mimarTa, samarTaldamcavi uwyebis

warmomadgenlebma ki es pirebi daakaves.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam aRniSna, rom saxelmwifos

uflebamosili warmomadgenlebis, maT Soris diplomatebisa da sakon� warmomadgenlebis, maT Soris diplomatebisa da sakon�warmomadgenlebis, maT Soris diplomatebisa da sakon� maT Soris diplomatebisa da sakon�maT Soris diplomatebisa da sakon� Soris diplomatebisa da sakon�Soris diplomatebisa da sakon� diplomatebisa da sakon�diplomatebisa da sakon� da sakon�da sakon� sakon�sakon�

sulos TanamSromlebis, qmedebebi meore qveynis teritoriaze gamoi� TanamSromlebis, qmedebebi meore qveynis teritoriaze gamoi�TanamSromlebis, qmedebebi meore qveynis teritoriaze gamoi� qmedebebi meore qveynis teritoriaze gamoi�qmedebebi meore qveynis teritoriaze gamoi� meore qveynis teritoriaze gamoi�meore qveynis teritoriaze gamoi� qveynis teritoriaze gamoi�qveynis teritoriaze gamoi� teritoriaze gamoi�teritoriaze gamoi� gamoi�gamoi�

wvevs am saxelmwifos iurisdiqciis gavrcelebas im pirebze, romelTa

mimarTac ganxorcielda aRniSnuli qmedebebi. Sesabamisad, am saqmeze

dadginda, rom daniis elCis moqmedebis Sedegad xsenebuli piri moxvda

daniis saxelmwifos iurisdiqciis qveS.72

soeringis saqmeSi evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom damnaSavis

eqstradiciam SeiZleba warmoSvas gadamcemi saxelmwifos mier konven� SeiZleba warmoSvas gadamcemi saxelmwifos mier konven�SeiZleba warmoSvas gadamcemi saxelmwifos mier konven� warmoSvas gadamcemi saxelmwifos mier konven�warmoSvas gadamcemi saxelmwifos mier konven� gadamcemi saxelmwifos mier konven�gadamcemi saxelmwifos mier konven� saxelmwifos mier konven�saxelmwifos mier konven� mier konven�mier konven� konven�konven�

ciiT nakisri valdebulebebis darRveva, roca arsebobs dasabuTebuli

eWvi, es piri daeqvemdebareba wamebas an araadamianur mopyrobas meore

qveyanaSi. evropuli sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, damnaSavis gadamcemi sax� evropuli sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, damnaSavis gadamcemi sax�evropuli sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, damnaSavis gadamcemi sax� sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, damnaSavis gadamcemi sax�sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, damnaSavis gadamcemi sax� Tanaxmad, damnaSavis gadamcemi sax�Tanaxmad, damnaSavis gadamcemi sax� damnaSavis gadamcemi sax�damnaSavis gadamcemi sax� gadamcemi sax�gadamcemi sax� sax�sax�

elmwifos pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli aris gadacemis faqti, vinaidan

swored es qmedeba ayenebs pirs arasaTanadod mopyrobis riskis winaSe

meore qveyanaSi.73 ès aris is pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax�ès aris is pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax� aris is pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax�aris is pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax� is pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax�is pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax� pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax�pasuxismgebloba, romelic monawile sax� romelic monawile sax�romelic monawile sax� monawile sax�monawile sax� sax�sax�

elmwifos SeiZleba daekisros mis mier iseTi qmedebis ganxorcielebis

gamo, risi uSualo Sedegic iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa� risi uSualo Sedegic iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa�risi uSualo Sedegic iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa� uSualo Sedegic iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa�uSualo Sedegic iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa� Sedegic iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa�Sedegic iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa� iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa�iqneba piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa� piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa�piris daucvelad datoveba akrZa� daucvelad datoveba akrZa�daucvelad datoveba akrZa� datoveba akrZa�datoveba akrZa� akrZa�akrZa�

luli ukanono mopyrobis winaSe.~74 _ aRniSna evropulma sasamarTlom.

70 Hess v. the United Kingdom, Application no. 6231/73, 28 May 1975, DR 2, p. 72. 71 W.M.v. Denmark, Application no. 17392/90, Commission Decision of 14 October 1992, DR 73, p. 193. 72 Id., §1.73 Soering v. the United Kingdom, Application no. 14038/88, 7 July 1989, Series A no. 161, §91 [Semd�

gomSi _ “Soering case”]. 74 mamatkulovi da askarovi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 2005 wlis 4 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba,

§67, ix. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ganaCenTa krebuli, wigni ��, evropis sabWo, 2006, 307.

43


gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa loizidus saqme, romelic Seexeba eqstra� romelic Seexeba eqstra�romelic Seexeba eqstra� Seexeba eqstra�Seexeba eqstra� eqstra�eqstra�

teritoriuli iurisdiqciis sakiTxs meore qveynis teritoriis efeq� iurisdiqciis sakiTxs meore qveynis teritoriis efeq�iurisdiqciis sakiTxs meore qveynis teritoriis efeq� sakiTxs meore qveynis teritoriis efeq�sakiTxs meore qveynis teritoriis efeq� meore qveynis teritoriis efeq�meore qveynis teritoriis efeq� qveynis teritoriis efeq�qveynis teritoriis efeq� teritoriis efeq�teritoriis efeq� efeq�efeq�

tiani kontrolis SemTxvevaSi.75

es saqme Seexeboda TurqeTis mier 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok� Seexeboda TurqeTis mier 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok�Seexeboda TurqeTis mier 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok� TurqeTis mier 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok�TurqeTis mier 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok� mier 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok�mier 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok� 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok�1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok� wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok�wels CrdiloeT kviprosis ok� CrdiloeT kviprosis ok�CrdiloeT kviprosis ok� kviprosis ok�kviprosis ok� ok�ok�

upaciis Sedegad ganmcxadeblis evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli

sxvadasxva uflebis darRvevas.76 TurqeTis mier ganxorcielebuli samx�TurqeTis mier ganxorcielebuli samx� mier ganxorcielebuli samx�mier ganxorcielebuli samx� ganxorcielebuli samx�ganxorcielebuli samx� samx�samx�

edro operaciebis Sedegad 1983 wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro� operaciebis Sedegad 1983 wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro�operaciebis Sedegad 1983 wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro� Sedegad 1983 wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro�Sedegad 1983 wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro� 1983 wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro�1983 wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro� wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro�wels Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro� Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro�Camoyalibda `CrdiloeT kvipro� `CrdiloeT kvipro�`CrdiloeT kvipro� kvipro�kvipro�

sis Turquli respublika~, romelic ar iqna aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso

sazogadoebis mier.77 ganacxadi wardgenil iqna TurqeTis winaaRmdeg,

vinaidan TurqeTis samxedroTa qmedebebis Sedegad ganmcxadebeli ver

sargeblobda okupirebul teritoriaze arsebuli sakuTrebis mSvidobi� okupirebul teritoriaze arsebuli sakuTrebis mSvidobi�okupirebul teritoriaze arsebuli sakuTrebis mSvidobi� teritoriaze arsebuli sakuTrebis mSvidobi�teritoriaze arsebuli sakuTrebis mSvidobi� arsebuli sakuTrebis mSvidobi�arsebuli sakuTrebis mSvidobi� sakuTrebis mSvidobi�sakuTrebis mSvidobi� mSvidobi�mSvidobi�

ani sargeblobis uflebiT.78

miuxedavad imisa, rom TurqeTis mTavroba amtkicebda, ganacxadi

dauSveblad gamocxadebuliyo, vinaidan igi scildeboda misi iurisdiq� gamocxadebuliyo, vinaidan igi scildeboda misi iurisdiq�gamocxadebuliyo, vinaidan igi scildeboda misi iurisdiq� vinaidan igi scildeboda misi iurisdiq�vinaidan igi scildeboda misi iurisdiq� igi scildeboda misi iurisdiq�igi scildeboda misi iurisdiq� scildeboda misi iurisdiq�scildeboda misi iurisdiq� misi iurisdiq�misi iurisdiq� iurisdiq�iurisdiq�

ciis sferos, evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das� sferos, evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das�sferos, evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das� evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das�evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das� sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das�sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das� daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das�daadgina, rom ganacxadSi das� rom ganacxadSi das�rom ganacxadSi das� ganacxadSi das�ganacxadSi das� das�das�

muli sakiTxebi ganekuTvneboda TurqeTis iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro� sakiTxebi ganekuTvneboda TurqeTis iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro�sakiTxebi ganekuTvneboda TurqeTis iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro� ganekuTvneboda TurqeTis iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro�ganekuTvneboda TurqeTis iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro� TurqeTis iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro�TurqeTis iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro� iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro�iurisdiqcias. kerZod, evro� kerZod, evro�kerZod, evro� evro�evro�

pulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo� sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo�sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo� aRniSna, rom evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo�aRniSna, rom evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo� rom evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo�rom evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo� evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo�evropuli konvenciis miznebisa da amo� konvenciis miznebisa da amo�konvenciis miznebisa da amo� miznebisa da amo�miznebisa da amo� da amo�da amo� amo�amo�

canebis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba wamoiWras,

roca samxedro moqmedebebis Sedegad, miuxedavad am samxedro qmedebebis

kanonieri xasiaTisa, igi axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri� xasiaTisa, igi axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri�xasiaTisa, igi axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri� igi axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri�igi axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri� axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri�axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri� efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri�efeqtian kontrols Tavisi teri� kontrols Tavisi teri�kontrols Tavisi teri� Tavisi teri�Tavisi teri� teri�teri�

toriis farglebs gareT mdebare teritoriaze. swored am teritoriis

kontrolis faqti aris evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle� faqti aris evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle�faqti aris evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle� evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle�evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle� konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle�konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle� gaTvaliswinebuli ufle�gaTvaliswinebuli ufle� ufle�ufle�

bebis dacvis valdebulebis safuZveli, miuxedavad imisa, kontrols am

qveynis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi axorcielebs pirdapir Tu daqvemdebare� SeiaraRebuli Zalebi axorcielebs pirdapir Tu daqvemdebare�SeiaraRebuli Zalebi axorcielebs pirdapir Tu daqvemdebare� Zalebi axorcielebs pirdapir Tu daqvemdebare�Zalebi axorcielebs pirdapir Tu daqvemdebare� pirdapir Tu daqvemdebare�pirdapir Tu daqvemdebare� Tu daqvemdebare�Tu daqvemdebare� daqvemdebare�daqvemdebare�

buli adgilobrivi administracia.79

CrdiloeT kviprosis okupirebul teritoriaze TurqeTis iurisdiqciis

dadgenis Semdgom evropuli sasamarTlo Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa� Semdgom evropuli sasamarTlo Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa�Semdgom evropuli sasamarTlo Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa� evropuli sasamarTlo Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa�evropuli sasamarTlo Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa� sasamarTlo Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa�sasamarTlo Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa� Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa�Seudga ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa� ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa�ganacxadSi wamoWrili sa� wamoWrili sa�wamoWrili sa� sa�sa�

varaudo darRvevebis TurqeTisadmi mikuTvnebis sakiTxis garkvevas.80 evro�evro�

pulma sasamarTlom ar gaiziara TurqeTis mTavrobis argumenti, rom igi

75 Loizidou v. Turkey (preliminary objections), Application no.15318/89, Judgment of 23 March 1995, Series A no. 310 [SemdgomSi _ “Loizidou case, (preliminary objections)”].

76 Id. §11.77 Cyprus v. Turkey, [GC], no. 25781/94, § 14 ECHR 2001-IV [SemdgomSi _ “Cyprus case”].78 Loizidou case, (preliminary objections), supra sqolio 75, §11.79 Id., §62.80 Id., §64.

44

irine barTaia

ver iqneboda pasuxismgebeli ganacxadSi miTiTebul faqtebze, vinaidan misi

SeiaraRebuli Zalebi moqmedebdnen `CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respub� Zalebi moqmedebdnen `CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respub�Zalebi moqmedebdnen `CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respub� moqmedebdnen `CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respub�moqmedebdnen `CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respub� `CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respub�`CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respub� kviprosis Turquli respub�kviprosis Turquli respub� Turquli respub�Turquli respub� respub�respub�

likis~ administraciis saxeliT.81 aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadasawyvetad evro�aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadasawyvetad evro� sakiTxis gadasawyvetad evro�sakiTxis gadasawyvetad evro� gadasawyvetad evro�gadasawyvetad evro� evro�evro�

pulma sasamarTlom ar miiCnia saWirod imis dadgena, axorcielebda Tu ara

TurqeTis mTavroba detalur kontrols `CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli

respublikis~ xelisuflebis qmedebebze.82 mopasuxe saxelmwifos pasuxismge�mopasuxe saxelmwifos pasuxismge� saxelmwifos pasuxismge�saxelmwifos pasuxismge� pasuxismge�pasuxismge�

blobis sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas evropulma sasamarTlom sakmarisad miiCnia

zogadi kontroli, romelsac igi axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam� kontroli, romelsac igi axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam�kontroli, romelsac igi axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam� romelsac igi axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam�romelsac igi axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam� igi axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam�igi axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam� axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam�axorcielebda am teritoriaze. Sesabam� am teritoriaze. Sesabam�am teritoriaze. Sesabam� teritoriaze. Sesabam�teritoriaze. Sesabam� Sesabam�Sesabam�

isad, dadginda TurqeTis mTavrobis pasuxismgebloba evropuli konvenciiT

nakisr valdebulebaTa mTeli rigis SeusruleblobisaTvis.83

sainteresoa aqve aRiniSnos, rom zogadi kontrolis standarti, rac

gamoiyena evropulma sasamarTlom pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis gadaw� evropulma sasamarTlom pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis gadaw�evropulma sasamarTlom pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis gadaw� sasamarTlom pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis gadaw�sasamarTlom pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis gadaw� pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis gadaw�pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis gadaw� sakiTxebis gadaw�sakiTxebis gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetisas, gacilebiT farToa, vidre is standarti, romelic saerTaSor� gacilebiT farToa, vidre is standarti, romelic saerTaSor�gacilebiT farToa, vidre is standarti, romelic saerTaSor� farToa, vidre is standarti, romelic saerTaSor�farToa, vidre is standarti, romelic saerTaSor� vidre is standarti, romelic saerTaSor�vidre is standarti, romelic saerTaSor� is standarti, romelic saerTaSor�is standarti, romelic saerTaSor� standarti, romelic saerTaSor�standarti, romelic saerTaSor� romelic saerTaSor�romelic saerTaSor� saerTaSor�saerTaSor�

iso sasamarTlos mier iqna gamoyenebuli zemoxsenebul nikaraguisa da

bosniis saqmeebze.84 unda aRiniSnos, rom evropuli sasamarTlos midgo�unda aRiniSnos, rom evropuli sasamarTlos midgo� aRiniSnos, rom evropuli sasamarTlos midgo�aRiniSnos, rom evropuli sasamarTlos midgo� rom evropuli sasamarTlos midgo�rom evropuli sasamarTlos midgo� evropuli sasamarTlos midgo�evropuli sasamarTlos midgo� sasamarTlos midgo�sasamarTlos midgo� midgo�midgo�

ma sakmaod logikuri, racionaluri da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi� sakmaod logikuri, racionaluri da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi�sakmaod logikuri, racionaluri da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi� logikuri, racionaluri da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi�logikuri, racionaluri da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi� racionaluri da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi�racionaluri da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi� da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi�da efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi� efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi�efeqtiania, Tu mxedvelobaSi mi� Tu mxedvelobaSi mi�Tu mxedvelobaSi mi� mxedvelobaSi mi�mxedvelobaSi mi� mi�mi�

viRebT samxedro okupaciis Sedegad wamoWril problemebs. winamdebare

statiis avtori miiCnevs, rom evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor� avtori miiCnevs, rom evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor�avtori miiCnevs, rom evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor� miiCnevs, rom evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor�miiCnevs, rom evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor� rom evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor�rom evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor� evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor�evropuli sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor� sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor�sasamarTlos mier saerTaSor� mier saerTaSor�mier saerTaSor� saerTaSor�saerTaSor�

iso sasamarTlos msgavsad SezRuduli standartis miReba Zalian Znels

gaxdida TurqeTis pasuxismgeblobis dadgenas darRvevaTa mTeli rigi� TurqeTis pasuxismgeblobis dadgenas darRvevaTa mTeli rigi�TurqeTis pasuxismgeblobis dadgenas darRvevaTa mTeli rigi� pasuxismgeblobis dadgenas darRvevaTa mTeli rigi�pasuxismgeblobis dadgenas darRvevaTa mTeli rigi� dadgenas darRvevaTa mTeli rigi�dadgenas darRvevaTa mTeli rigi� darRvevaTa mTeli rigi�darRvevaTa mTeli rigi�

saTvis, ris Sedegadac CrdiloeT kviprosis mosaxleoba ver SeZlebda

evropuli konvenciiT daculi uflebebiT srulad sargeblobas.

analogiuri gadawyvetileba miiRo evropulma sasamarTlom saqmis _

kviprosi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg _ ganxilvisas saxelmwifoTaSoris ga�saxelmwifoTaSoris ga� ga�ga�

nacxadze.85 aq evropulma sasamarTlom kidev erTxel daadastura loiz�

idus saqmeze miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli daskvnebi da

aRniSna, rom TurqeTi pasuxismgebeli iyo ara mxolod Tavisi samxedro

Zalebis, aramed adgilobrivi administraciis qmedebebze, romelic ar� aramed adgilobrivi administraciis qmedebebze, romelic ar�aramed adgilobrivi administraciis qmedebebze, romelic ar� adgilobrivi administraciis qmedebebze, romelic ar�adgilobrivi administraciis qmedebebze, romelic ar� administraciis qmedebebze, romelic ar�administraciis qmedebebze, romelic ar� qmedebebze, romelic ar�qmedebebze, romelic ar� romelic ar�romelic ar� ar�ar�

sebobda TurqeTis samxedro da sxva saxis daxmarebiT.86

81 Loizidou v. Turkey, Application no. 15318/89, Judgment of 18 December 1996 (merits), Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1996-VI, §54.

82 Id., §56.83 Id. 84 ix. Tavi 1. 85 Cyprus case, supra sqolio, 77.86 Id., §77.

45


sakmaod sadavo gadawyvetileba miiRo evropulma sasamarTlom bank�

oviCis saqmeze.87 ganacxadis safuZveli natos Zalebis mier iugosla�

viis federalur respublikaze ganxorcielebuli sahaero Tavdasxma

iyo. samxedro operaciis Sedegad ramdenime adamiani daiRupa. aRniS�

nul faqtTan dakavSirebiT, daRupulTa naTesavebma, Tavisi da gardacv�

lilTa uflebebis dacvis mizniT, mimarTes evropul sasamarTlos evro�

puli konvenciis im xelSemkvreli qveynebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic iyvnen

natos wevrebi.88

ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom isini imyofebodnen mopasuxe qvey�

nebis iurisdiqciis qveS, evropuli konvenciis miznebidan gamomdinare.

amis dasturad isini aRniSnavdnen, rom efeqtiani kontrolis krite�

riumebi, rac loizidus saqmeSi iqna SemoRebuli, unda misadageboda

aRniSnul situacias da mopasuxe qveynebis mier adamianis uflebaTa

dacvis pozitiuri valdebulebis farglebi unda gansazRvruliyo kon�

trolis xarisxis Sesabamisad. kerZod, TurqeTis SemTxvevaSi mas ekis�

reboda valdebuleba, srulad daecva konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli

uflebebi CrdiloeT kviprosis okupirebul teritoriaze, vinaidan igi

axorcielebda efeqtian kontrols am teritoriaze. Tumca pozitiuri

valdebulebebis moculoba gansxvavebuli unda yofiliyo iseT viTa�

rebaSi, roca moxda obieqtze Tavdasxma meore qveynis teritoriaze.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, mopasuxe mTavrobas ar unda dakisreboda SeuZlebeli

ram, anu valdebuleba, srulad daecva konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli

uflebebi, aramed misi pasuxismgebloba SezRuduli unda yofiliyo mx�

olod im uflebebTan mimarTebiT, romlebic aRniSnul situaciaSi maTi

kontrolis qveS iyo.89 ganmcxadeblebi miuTiTebdnen, rom mopasuxe sax�

elmwifoTa pasuxismgeblobis daudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi maTi uflebe�daudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi maTi uflebe� SemTxvevaSi maTi uflebe�

bi daucveli iqneboda, am qveynebis samxedroebi ki Tavisuflad imoq�

medebdnen, ise, rom ar eqnebodaT dasjis molodini.90

ganmcxadeblebis alternatiuli argumentiT, romelic efuZneboda ganx�

orcielebuli operaciis masStabs, nato axorcielebda sahaero sivrcis

TiTqmis iseTsave srul kontrols, rogorsac TurqeTi CrdiloeT kvipro�kvipro�

87 Banković and Others v. Belgium and 16 Other Contracting States (dec.) [GC], no. 52207/99, ECHR 2001-XII [SemdgomSi _ “Banković case”].

88 Id., §§1-11. 89 Id., §§46-47.90 Id., §51.

46

irine barTaia

sis teritoriaze. vinaidan kontroli SezRuduli iyo mxolod sahaero sivr� teritoriaze. vinaidan kontroli SezRuduli iyo mxolod sahaero sivr�

ciT, pozitiuri valdebulebebis moculobac SezRuduli iyo Sesabamisad.91

alternatiuli argumentis saxiT ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom

sadavo qmedeba iyo im gadawyvetilebis eqstrateritoriuli Sedegi, ro�eqstrateritoriuli Sedegi, ro�Sedegi, ro�

melic miRebul iqna wevri qveynebis teritoriaze. Sesabamisad, iuris�

diqcia am saqmeSi unda gansazRvruliyo soeringis saqmeze92 dadgenili

mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.93

sakuTari argumentebis ganmtkicebis mizniT, ganmcxadeblebis mier

moyvanili iyo adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso meqanizmebis praqtika,

aseve evropuli sasamarTlos sxva gadawyvetilebebi.

Tumca, miuxedavad warmodgenili argumentebisa, ganacxadi dauS� warmodgenili argumentebisa, ganacxadi dauS�warmodgenili argumentebisa, ganacxadi dauS�

veblad gamocxadda. evropulma sasamarTlom ar gaiziara dazarale�

bulebis arcerTi mosazreba. kerZod: man miiCnia, rom evropuli kon�

vencia upirvelesad teritoriuli xasiaTis iyo da mxolod gamonaklis

SemTxvevebSi SeiZleboda iurisdiqciis eqstrateritoriuli gamoyeneba.

evropuli sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, efeqtiani kontrolis kriteriumebis

misadageba aRniSnul situaciasTan igive iyo, rac qveynis iurisdiqciis

gavrceleba nebismieri pirisadmi msoflios nebismier nawilSi, romlis

mimarT ganxorcielebuli qmedebac miekuTvneboda am wevr qveyanas. ev�wevr qveyanas. ev�qveyanas. ev�

ropuli sasamarTlos azriT, es rom yofiliyo evropuli konvenciis

Semqmnelebis Canafiqri, maSin masSi mocemuli iqneboda Jenevis 1949 kon�kon�

venciebis pirveli muxlis msgavsi debuleba, romlis Tanaxmadac xelSem� pirveli muxlis msgavsi debuleba, romlis Tanaxmadac xelSem�xelSem�

kvreli mxareebi valdebuli arian daicvan konvencia yvela situaciaSi.94

analogiuri mizezebiT evropulma sasamarTlom uaryo ganmcxade�

blebis alternatiuli argumenti sahaero sivrcis efeqtiani kontro�

lis Sesaxeb, vinaidan igi arsebiTad imaves imeorebda, rasac wina.95

aseve ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli ganmcxadebelTa mosazreba imis Tao�

baze, rom soeringis saqmeSi miRebuli daskvnebi gamoyenebuliyo am saq�

meze im motiviT, rom es ori saqme erTmaneTisagan fundamenturad gan�

sxvavdeboda.96

91 Id., §52.92 Soering case, supra sqolio, 73. 93 Banković case, supra sqolio, 87, §53.94 Id., §75.95 Id., §76.96 Id., §77.

47


rac Seexeba adamianis uflebaTa sxva saerTaSoriso meqanizmebis

praqtikas, romelnic moyvanili iyo ganmcxadeblebis mier, evropulma

sasamarTlom ar miiCnia isini damajereblad. kerZod, evropuli sa�

samarTlos Tanaxmad, adamianis uflebebisa da valdebulebebis Ses�

axeb amerikis 1948 wlis deklaracia ar Seicavda msgavs iurisdiqciul

debulebebs, xolo amerikis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis deklaraciis

eqstrateritoriul gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT araviTari preceden� gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT araviTari preceden�

ti ar iyo moyvanili ganmcxadeblebis mier. rac Seexeba samoqalaqo da

politikur uflebaTa paqts, evropulma sasamarTlom ar miiCnia, rom

adamianis uflebaTa komitetis mier dadgenil praqtikas SeeZlo paqtSi

ganmtkicebuli teritoriuli iurisdiqciis Secvla.97

dasasrul, ganmcxadeblebis mier warmodgenil argumentTan daka�

vSirebiT, rom saxelmwifoTa pasuxismgeblobis daudgenlobis SemTx�daudgenlobis SemTx� SemTx�

vevaSi isini konvenciis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sistemis vakuumSi

aRmoCndebodnen, evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom evropuli kon�

vencia iyo evropuli sajaro wesrigis instrumenti da igi moqmedebda

mxolod xelSemkvrel mxareTa samarTlebriv sivrceSi. Sesabamisad, iu�xelSemkvrel mxareTa samarTlebriv sivrceSi. Sesabamisad, iu� mxareTa samarTlebriv sivrceSi. Sesabamisad, iu�

goslaviis federaciuli respublika, vinaidan igi ar iyo evropuli kon�

venciis wevri qveyana, ver xvdeboda am samarTlebriv sivrceSi,.98

ganmcxadeblebis mier moyvanil evropuli sasamarTlos preceden�

tebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic evropul sasamarTloSi ganixileboda

da exeboda TurqeTis iurisdiqciis sakiTxebs eraysa99 da keniaSi,100 sa�

samarTlom aRniSna, rom am ganacxadebSi iurisdiqciis sakiTxebi arc

respondenti saxelmwifos mier yofila wamoWrili da arc maTi dasaS�

vebobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebSi yofila ganxiluli, saboloo gadaw�

yvetileba ki arsebiT mxaresTan dakavSirebiT arcerT maTganze ar iyo

miRebuli. miTiTebul xavaras101 saqmeze arcerTi mopasuxe saxelmwifo�

sagan ar yofila wamoyenebuli raime pretenzia iurisdiqciis Taobaze

97 Id., §78.98 Id., §§79-80.99 Issa and Others v. Turkey, Application no. 31821/96, Admissibility Decision of 16 November 2004,

[www.echr.coe.int] (21.05.2009), [SemdgomSi _ “Issa case”].100 Öcalan v. Turkey, Application no. 46221/99, Admissibility Decision of 14 December 2000,

[www.echr.coe.int] (21.05.2009). 101 Xhavara and Others v. Italy and Albania, Application no. 39473/98, Admissibility Decision of 11 Janu-

ary 2001, [www.echr.coe.int] (21.05.2009).

48

irine barTaia

da es sakiTxi albaneTsa da italias Soris manamde arsebuli iurisdiq�

ciis Sesaxeb werilobiTi SeTanxmebiT iyo mogvarebuli. rac Seexeba il�

aSkus saqmes,102 jer kidev ar iyo gadawyvetileba miRebuli mis arsebiT

mxaresTan dakavSirebiT.103

zemoxsenebuli argumentebis gaTvaliswinebiT, evropulma sasamarT�

lom daadgina, rom ar arsebobda saWiro iurisdiqciuli kavSiri dazara�iurisdiqciuli kavSiri dazara� kavSiri dazara�

lebulebsa da mopasuxe saxelmwifos Soris. Sesabamisad, ganacxadi dauS�

veblad gamocxadda.104

bankoviCis saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba dausabuTebeli da

araTanmimdevrulia, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT evropuli sasamarTlos ma�

namde arsebul praqtikasa da mis Semdgom miRebul gadawyvetilebebs. ev�

ropuli sasamarTlo aradamajerebeli argumentebiT cdilobs, uaryos

ganmcxadeblis yoveli mosazreba. aRsaniSnavia, rom bankoviCis saqmes

mohyva mTeli rigi saqmeebisa, romlebSic kidev ufro gafarTovda

eqstrateritoriuli iurisdiqciebis gavrcelebis SemTxvevebi. es saq� iurisdiqciebis gavrcelebis SemTxvevebi. es saq�iurisdiqciebis gavrcelebis SemTxvevebi. es saq� gavrcelebis SemTxvevebi. es saq�

meebi qvemoT iqneba mimoxiluli.

am mxriv gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia ilaSkus saqme.105 ganacxadi

exeboda adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebs moldovis dnestrisp�moldovis dnestrisp� dnestrisp�dnestrisp�

ireTis teritoriaze. ganacxadi wardgenil iqna ori qveynis winaaRmdeg:

moldovis winaaRmdeg, vinaidan dnestrispireTi moldovis ganuyofeli

nawilia da, amave dros, ruseTis federaciis winaaRmdeg, radgan igi ax�

orcielebda de faqto iurisdiqcias am teritoriaze.

gadawyvetileba ilaSkus saqmeze Zalian mniSvnelovania, vinaidan ev�

ropulma sasamarTlom kidev ufro gaafarTova iurisdiqciis cneba.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es gadawyvetileba saxelmZRvanelo dokumentia

evropuli konvenciis pirvel muxlSi mocemuli iurisdiqciis cnebis

gansazRvris kuTxiT.106 gansxvavebiT CrdiloeT kviprosisagan, romelic

TurqeTis mier iyo okupirebuli, moldovis dnestrispireTis teri�moldovis dnestrispireTis teri� dnestrispireTis teri�dnestrispireTis teri� teri�

102 Ilaşcu and Others v. Moldova and Russia, Application no. 48787/99, Admissibility Decision of 4 July 2001, [www.echr.coe.int] (21.05.2009).

103 Banković case, supra sqolio, 87, §81.104 Id., §82.105 Ilaşcu and Others v. Moldova and Russia, [GC], no. 48787/99, ECHR 2004-VII [SemdgomSi – “Ilaşcu

case”]. 106 Clare Ovey & Robin White, Jacobs & White, the European Convention on Human Rights, 4th ed. Ox-

ford: Oxford University Press, 2006, 24.

49


toriis okupacia ar momxdara ruseTis mier da arasodes yofila es

teritoria ruseTis efeqtiani kontrolis qveS. Tumca dnestrispireT�dnestrispireT�

Si ruseTis iurisdiqciis dadgenisas evropulma sasamarTlom gadamw� ruseTis iurisdiqciis dadgenisas evropulma sasamarTlom gadamw�

yveti mniSvneloba mianiWa sxva garemoebebs: moldovis TviTgamocxade�moldovis TviTgamocxade� TviTgamocxade�

buli dnestrispireTis respublika daarsda ruseTis federaciis mier

gaweuli daxmarebis Sedegad da daarsebis Semdgom ruseTi sistematur

samxedro, ekonomikur, finansur da politikur daxmarebas uwevda am re�

Jims. aRniSnuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, evropulma sasamarTlom

daadgina, rom ruseTis federaciis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda moldo�moldo�

vis dnestrispireTis teritoriaze.107 kerZod, evropulma sasamarTlom

aRniSna, rom TviTgamocxadebuli dnestrispireTis respublika Seiqmna

ruseTis federaciis daxmarebiT da imyofeba misi efeqtiani xelisu�

flebis108 an, sul mcire, gadamwyveti gavlenis qveS da nebismier SemTx�

vevaSi arsebobs ruseTis federaciis mier gaweuli samxedro, ekonomi�

kuri da politikuri mxardaWeriT.109 Sesabamisad, evropulma sasamarT�

lom daadgina, rom ganmcxadeblebi imyofebodnen ruseTis federaci�

is iurisdiqciis qveS da igi pasuxismgebeli iyo ganacxadSi moyvanil

faqtebTan dakavSirebiT.110

ilaSkus Semdgom evropulma sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba isas

saqmeze,111 romelic exeboda erayis teritoriaze TurqeTis samxedroe�

bis mier mecxvareebis savaraudo daxocvis faqts. miuxedavad imisa, rom

ganacxadi exeboda TurqeTis iurisdiqciis sakiTxebs erayis terito�

riaze ganxorcielebuli qmedebebisaTvis, rac aSkarad evropuli kon�

venciis samarTlebrivi sivrcis miRma imyofeba, evropuli sasamarTlo

mzad iyo, daedgina TurqeTis pasuxismgebloba misi samxedroebis moq�

medebaTa Sedegad evropuli konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis dar�

RvevisaTvis. Tumca ganacxadi dauSveblad gamocxadda, vinaidan dadgin�

da, rom TurqeTis SeiaraRebul Zalebs ar ganuxorcielebiaT samxedro

operaciebi im konkretul adgilas, sadac konvenciis savaraudo dar�

107 Ilaşcu case, supra sqolio, 105, §392.108 aRsaniSnavia, rom gadawyvetilebis qarTul TargmanSi saubaria efeqtur kontrolze, gan�

sxvavebiT oficialuri inglisurenovani teqstisagan, romelic uTiTebs efeqtur xelisu�flebaze. ix. ilaSku da sxvebi moldovisa da ruseTis winaaRmdeg, [www.coe.ge] (07.05.09).

109 Ilaşcu case, supra sqolio, 105, §392.110 Id., §394.111 Issa case, supra sqolio, 99.

50

irine barTaia

Rveva aRiniSna da, Sesabamisad, ganmcxadeblebi ver moxvdnen TurqeTis

iurisdiqciis qveS.112

aRsaniSnavia, rom ojalanis saqmeze evropulma sasamarTlom daad�

gina TurqeTis iurisdiqcia keniaSi ganxorcielebuli eqstraterito�eqstraterito�

riuli qmedebis gamo.113 kerZod, ganmcxadebeli dakavebul iqna Turqe�

Tis uSiSroebis samsaxurebis mier TurqeTSi registrirebul TviTmfri�samsaxurebis mier TurqeTSi registrirebul TviTmfri� mier TurqeTSi registrirebul TviTmfri�

navSi, keniis saerTaSoriso aeroportis tranzitul zonaSi. miuxeda�keniis saerTaSoriso aeroportis tranzitul zonaSi. miuxeda� saerTaSoriso aeroportis tranzitul zonaSi. miuxeda�

vad qmedebis eqstrateritoriuli xasiaTisa, evropulma sasamarTlom

miuTiTa, rom dakavebis momentidanve ganmcxadebeli moeqca TurqeTis

xelisuflebis da, Sesabamisad, misi iurisdiqciis qveS.114 evropulma

sasamarTlom ganasxvava es saqme zemoxsenebuli bankoviCis saqmisagan

imiT, rom ganmcxadebeli TurqeTis uSiSroebis samsaxurebma fizikurad

aiZules, dabrunebuliyo TurqeTSi da dakavebis momentidanve igi am

ukanasknelTa xelisuflebis qveS imyofeboda.115

evropuli konvenciis samarTlebrivi sivrcis kuTxiT sainteresoa

2008 wels miRebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ mansur pedi da sxvebi

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg. ganacxads safuZvlad edo TurqeTis samxedroe�

bis qmedebaTa Sedegad Svidi iranelis sikvdili. evropuli sasamarTlos

winaSe ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom es pirebi TurqeTis samxedroe�

bma jer daakaves iranis teritoriaze da Semdgom gadaiyvanes TurqeTis

sazRvarze, sadac ganxorcielda maTi fizikuri likvidacia.116 TurqeTis

mTavroba uaryofda raime eqstrateritoriul qmedebebs, Tumca aRi�eqstrateritoriul qmedebebs, Tumca aRi� qmedebebs, Tumca aRi�

ara, rom es pirebi daiRupnen TurqeTis sazRvarze gadmosuli teror�

istebis gaqcevis aRsakveTad uSiSroebis samsaxurebis mier warmoebuli

operaciisas Sveulmfrenidan ganxorcielebuli gasrolebis Sedegad.117

evropulma sasamarTlom ar CaTvala saWirod imis garkveva, Tu romeli

qveynis teritoriaze ganxorcielda es qmedebebi da sakmarisad miiCnia

TurqeTis mTavrobis aRiareba, rom ganmcxadebelTa naTesavebi daiRupnen

112 Id., §§81- 82.113 Öcalan v. Turkey [GC], no. 46221/99, ECHR 2005-IV.114 Id., §91. 115 Öcalan v. Turkey, Application no. 46221/99, Judgment of 12 March 2003, §93, [www.echr.coe.int]

(15.05.2009).116 Mansur Pad and others v. Turkey, Application no. 60167/00, Admissibility Decision of 28 June 2007,

§§5 – 8, [www.echr.coe.int] (15.05.2009).117 Id., §§21 – 26.

51


Sveulmfrenidan gaxsnili cecxlis Sedegad. am faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT,

evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom TurqeTis iurisdiqcia vrcelde�

boda maTze.118 aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli daskvnis miRebamde evropulma

sasamarTlom mimoixila is saqmeebi, sadac dadgenili iyo eqstrateri�eqstrateri�

toriuli iurisdiqciis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevebi, maT Soris saqme isa

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg.119 is faqti, rom evropulma sasamarTlom saWirod

ar CaTvala, gaerkvia, romeli qveynis teritoriaze moxda es qmedebebi, _

TurqeTisa Tu iranis, _ kidev erTxel imis dasturad gamodgeba, rom ev�

ropuli konvenciis moqmedeba ar izRudeba mxolod misi samarTlebrivi

sivrcis farglebiT, rogorc es bankoviCis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT iyo

miTiTebuli, aramed vrceldeba mis farglebs miRmac.

saqme dauSveblad gamocxadda, vinaidan CaiTvala, rom ganmcxadeb�

lebs ar amouwuravT Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi, rogorc amas

evropuli konvencia moiTxovs.120

evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ isaaki TurqeTis

winaaRmdeg _ Zalian sainteresoa, vinaidan igi Seexeba TurqeTis iuris�

diqciis gavrcelebas CrdiloeT kviprosis sazRvarTan arsebul gaeros

neitralur buferul zonaSi.121 ganacxads safuZvlad daedo berZeni

warmoSobis kviproseli anastasios isaakis sikvdili TurqeTis mier

CrdiloeT kviprosis okupaciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli demonstraciis

msvlelobisas. protestis gamoxatvis mizniT, berZeni warmoSobis Seui� protestis gamoxatvis mizniT, berZeni warmoSobis Seui�

araRebeli kviproseli demonstrantebi Sevidnen gaeros buferul zo�

naSi. amasTan, TurqeTis Zalebma cecxlis Sewyvetis zolidan buferul

zonaSi SeuSves xelketebiTa da rkinis naWrebiT SeiaraRebuli Turqi

warmoSobis kviproselebi da, aseve, CrdiloeT kviprosis policiis war�kviprosis policiis war� policiis war�

momadgenlebi. anastasios isaaki daiRupa fizikuri dazianebebis Sede�anastasios isaaki daiRupa fizikuri dazianebebis Sede� isaaki daiRupa fizikuri dazianebebis Sede�

gad, romelic mas miayenes neitralur zonaSi. mis cemaSi, Turquli war�

moSobis kviproseli demonstrantebis garda, monawileobdnen CrdiloeT

kviprosis policiis warmomadgenlebi da Turqi an Turquli warmoSobis

kviproseli samxedro/policiis muSakebi.122

118 Id., §§54 – 55.119 Id., §§52 – 53.120 Id., §§71 – 72.121 Maria Issak and Others v. Turkey, Application no. 44587/98, Admissibility Decision of 28 September

2006, [www.echr.coe.int] (18.05.2009).122 Id.

52

irine barTaia

marTalia, ganacxadSi moyvanili faqtebi gaeros neitralur buferul

zonaSi moxda, evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ganmcxadebeli iyo

TurqeTis xelisuflebis da/an misi efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses� xelisuflebis da/an misi efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses�xelisuflebis da/an misi efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses� da/an misi efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses�da/an misi efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses� misi efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses�misi efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses� efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses�efeqtiani kontrolis qveS da, Ses� kontrolis qveS da, Ses�kontrolis qveS da, Ses� qveS da, Ses�qveS da, Ses� da, Ses�da, Ses� Ses�Ses�

abamisad, igi eqceoda am ukanasknelis iurisdiqciis sferoSi.123

aseve dadga TurqeTis pasuxismgebloba Turqul�kviprosuli Zalebis

mier solomos solomous mkvlelobis gamo. anastasio isaakis dakrZal� solomos solomous mkvlelobis gamo. anastasio isaakis dakrZal�mkvlelobis gamo. anastasio isaakis dakrZal� gamo. anastasio isaakis dakrZal�gamo. anastasio isaakis dakrZal� anastasio isaakis dakrZal�anastasio isaakis dakrZal� isaakis dakrZal�isaakis dakrZal� dakrZal�dakrZal�

vis dRes demonstrantebi kvlav Sevidnen buferul zonaSi. solomos

solomoum gadakveTa Turquli Zalebis cecxlis Sewyvetis zoli, rasac

mohyva srola. srolis Sedegad solomos solomou daiRupa. vinaidan

srolebi ganxorcielda Turqul�kviprosuli Zalebis mxridan, evro� ganxorcielda Turqul�kviprosuli Zalebis mxridan, evro�ganxorcielda Turqul�kviprosuli Zalebis mxridan, evro� Turqul�kviprosuli Zalebis mxridan, evro�Zalebis mxridan, evro� mxridan, evro�mxridan, evro� evro�evro�

pulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom daRupuli moeqca TurqeTis iuris� sasamarTlom daadgina, rom daRupuli moeqca TurqeTis iuris�sasamarTlom daadgina, rom daRupuli moeqca TurqeTis iuris� daadgina, rom daRupuli moeqca TurqeTis iuris�daadgina, rom daRupuli moeqca TurqeTis iuris� rom daRupuli moeqca TurqeTis iuris�rom daRupuli moeqca TurqeTis iuris� TurqeTis iuris�TurqeTis iuris� iuris�iuris�

diqciis qveS.124

bankoviCis saqme ar unda iqnes miCneuli wamyvan gadawyvetilebad

evropuli konvenciis eqstrateritoriuli gamoyenebis sakiTxebis

ganmartebasTan dakavSirebiT. udavod alogikuri iqneba daskvna, rom mx� dakavSirebiT. udavod alogikuri iqneba daskvna, rom mx�dakavSirebiT. udavod alogikuri iqneba daskvna, rom mx� udavod alogikuri iqneba daskvna, rom mx�udavod alogikuri iqneba daskvna, rom mx� alogikuri iqneba daskvna, rom mx�alogikuri iqneba daskvna, rom mx� iqneba daskvna, rom mx�iqneba daskvna, rom mx� daskvna, rom mx�daskvna, rom mx� rom mx�rom mx� mx�mx�

olod dakavebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris� dakavebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris�dakavebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris� SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris�SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris� SeiZleba piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris�SeiZleba piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris� piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris�piri moeqces saxelmwifos iuris� moeqces saxelmwifos iuris�moeqces saxelmwifos iuris� saxelmwifos iuris�saxelmwifos iuris� iuris�iuris�

diqciis qveS, magram ara srolis momentSi. bankoviCis saqmeze miRebuli

gadawyvetileba SeiZleba imgvarad iqnes gagebuli, rom piris dakavebis

nacvlad umjobesia, igi sicocxles gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx� umjobesia, igi sicocxles gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx�umjobesia, igi sicocxles gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx� igi sicocxles gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx�igi sicocxles gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx� sicocxles gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx�sicocxles gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx� gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx�gamoasalmon, vinaidan aseT SemTx� vinaidan aseT SemTx�vinaidan aseT SemTx� aseT SemTx�aseT SemTx� SemTx�SemTx�

vevaSi saxelmwifo SeZlebs pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis aridebas.125 ra

Tqma unda, amgvari daskvnebi araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar� unda, amgvari daskvnebi araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar�unda, amgvari daskvnebi araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar� amgvari daskvnebi araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar�amgvari daskvnebi araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar� daskvnebi araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar�daskvnebi araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar� araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar�araTu aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar� aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar�aragonivruli da miuRebelia, ar� da miuRebelia, ar�da miuRebelia, ar� miuRebelia, ar�miuRebelia, ar� ar�ar�

amed absoluturad Seusabamo evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil stand� absoluturad Seusabamo evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil stand�absoluturad Seusabamo evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil stand� Seusabamo evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil stand�Seusabamo evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil stand� evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil stand�evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil stand� konvenciiT dadgenil stand�konvenciiT dadgenil stand� dadgenil stand�dadgenil stand� stand�stand�

artebTan.

2.2. adamianis uflebaTa panamerikuli komisia

1948 wels miRebul iqna adamianis uflebebisa da valdebulebebis

Sesaxeb amerikis deklaracia.126 samoqalaqo da politikuri paqtisa da

123 Id.124 Solomou and others v. Turkey, Application no. 36832/97, Judgment of 24 June 2008, [www.echr.coe.int]

(18.05.2009).125 D. McGoldrick, Extraterritorial Application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in

F. Coomans and M. Kamminga, eds, Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties (Intersentia, 2004), 41 et seq. cited in Loukis G. Loucaides, Determining the extra-territorial effect of the European Convention: facts, jurisprudence and the Bankovic case, E.H.R.L.R., (2006), 406.

126 American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man, 1966, I. Brownlie and G. S. Goodwin-Gill (eds), Basic Documents on Human Rights, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, 927.

53


evropuli konvenciisagan gansxvavebiT, deklaracia teritoriul gamoy�

enebasTan dakavSirebiT ar Seicavs msgavs debulebebs.127 Tumca adamianis

uflebaTa panamerikulma komisiam (SemdgomSi _ `panamerikuli komisia~),

adamianis uflebaTa komisiisa da evropuli sasamarTlos msgavsad, ar Sez�

Ruda deklaraciis moqmedeba saxelmwifos teritoriuli sazRvrebiT. am

mxriv aRsaniSnavia saqme koardi da sxvebi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

winaaRmdeg,128 romelic Seexeboda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis samx�

edroTa mier ganxorcielebul darRvevebs grenadaSi. am saqmesTan da�grenadaSi. am saqmesTan da�am saqmesTan da�

kavSirebiT panamerikulma komisiam aRniSna, rom yoveli amerikuli sax�

elmwifo valdebuli iyo, daecva adamianis uflebebi misi iurisdiqciis

farglebSi. panamerikuli komisiis azriT, marTalia, iurisdiqcia zoga�

dad xorcieldeba mocemuli qveynis teritoriaze myof pirTa mimarT,

Tumca, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, igi vrceldeboda saxelmwifos eqstra�eqstra�

teritoriul qmedebebze, roca ucxo qveyanaSi myofi piri eqceva meore

qveynis kontrolis qveS, xSirad am ukanasknelis warmomadgenlebis mier

sazRvargareT ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis Sedegad.129

msgavsi pozicia gamoxata panamerikulma komisiam amerikis SeerTebu�

li Statebis mier panamaSi 1989 wels ganxorcielebul samxedro opera�

ciebTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, miuxedavad amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

qmedebaTa eqstrateritoriuli xasiaTisa, samxedro operaciebis Sede�eqstrateritoriuli xasiaTisa, samxedro operaciebis Sede� xasiaTisa, samxedro operaciebis Sede�

gad dazaralebul im moqalaqeTa ganacxadi, romlebsac miadgaT fizi�

kuri da qonebrivi ziani da romlebmac iwvnies ojaxis wevrebis daRupva,

dasaSvebad gamocxadda.130

jer kidev 1999 wels, bankoviCis saqmeze evropuli sasamarTlos mier

miRebuli daskvnebis sapirispirod, panamerikulma komisiam daadgina

kubis respublikis pasuxismgebloba misi warmomadgenlebis mier saer�

TaSoriso sahaero sivrceSi msubuqi sahaero xomaldis CamogdebisaT�

vis, rasac Sedegad mohyva samoqalaqo mfrinavebis daRupva. kerZod,

panamerikulma komisiam aRniSna, rom, miuxedavad eqstrateritoriuli

qmedebisa, dazaralebulebi moeqcnen kubis respublikis xelisuflebis

127 Marko Milanovic, From Compromise to Principle: Clarifying the Concept of State Jurisdiction in Hu-man Rights Treaties, 8 Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 432.

128 Coard et at v. United States, case no.10.951, Report no. 109/99, [http://www.cidh.oas.org] (30.05.2009).

129 Id., §37.130 Case no. 10.573, Report no. 31/93, [http://www.cidh.oas.org ] (30.05.2009).

54

irine barTaia

qveS. Sesabamisad dadginda am ukanasknelis mier adamianis uflebebisa da

valdebulebebis Sesaxeb amerikis deklaraciiT nakisri valdebulebebis

darRveva.131

2002 wels komisiam amerikis SeerTebul Statebs sTxova, mokle dro�

Si uzrunveleyo guantanamoSi dakavebulTa statusis gansazRvra, raTa

maT esargeblaT samarTlebrivi dacvis garantiebiT.132

zemoxsenebuli saqmeebi adasturebs, rom adamianis uflebebisa da

valdebulebebis Sesaxeb amerikis deklaraciis gamoyeneba ar aris Sez�

Ruduli mxolod mopasuxe qveynis erovnuli teritoriiT da igi vrcel�

deba aseve saxelmwifos eqstrateritoriul qmedebebze.

3. erovnul sasamarTloTa gadawyvetilebebi

3.1. gaerTianebuli samefos praqtika

2007 wlis 13 ivniss gaerTianebuli samefos lordTa palatam miiRo

gadawyvetileba al�skeinis saqmeze, sadac man ganixila 1998 wlis ada�

mianis uflebaTa aqtis gamoyeneba britaneli samxedroebis mier eraySi

ganxorcielebul moqmedebebTan mimarTebiT.133

saqmes safuZvlad daedo britaneli jariskacebis qmedeba, rasac

Sedegad mohyva eqvsi moqalaqis sikvdili eraySi. xuTi maTgani daiRupa

calkeuli samxedro operaciebis Catarebisas. rac Seexeba meeqvse gar�

dacvlils _ baha musas, igi dakavebul iqna britaneli samxedroebis mier

mis samuSao adgilas, basras sastumroSi da gadayvanil iqna britaneTis

samxedro bazaze, sadac, sastikad scemes. miRebuli dazianebebis Sede�

gad meore dRes gardaicvala.134

daRupulTa naTesavebma sarCeliT mimarTes britaneTis sasamarT�

loebs da moiTxoves Tavdacvis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo mdivnis im gadaw�

131 Armando Alejandre Jr., Carlos Alberto Costa, Mario de la Peña, and Pablo Morales v. Cuba, case no.11.589, Report no. 86/99, [http://www.cidh.oas.org ] (24.05.2009).

132 Precautionary Measures in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 13.03. 2002, [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts] (15.08.2008).

133 Regina (Al-Skeini and others) v. Secretary of State for Defence (The Redress Trust and others inter-vening), [2007] 3 W.L.R. 33.

134 Id., gv. 41.

55


yvetilebis gadasinjva, romliTac ganmcxadeblis naTesavebs uari eTq�

vaT momxdarTan dakavSirebiT damoukidebeli gamoZiebis Catarebaze, vi�

naidan 1998 wlis adamianis uflebaTa aqti ar gamoiyeneboda gaerTianeb�

uli samefos sazRvrebs miRma ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis mimarT da

daRupulebi, evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, ar iyvnen mTavrobis iuris�

diqciis qveS.135

lordTa palatam ar gamoricxa adamianis uflebaTa aqtis gamoyeneba

gaerTianebuli samefos teritoriis farglebs miRma im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

amgvari gamoyeneba ar Selaxavda meore qveynis suverenitets. lordTa

palatam aRniSna, rom es aqti miznad isaxavda Sida samarTalSi sxvadasx�

va saSualebis gaTvaliswinebas im pirTa mimarT, romelTa uflebebi

Seilaxa mTavrobis qmedebebis Sedegad. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT,

lordTa palatam daadgina, rom amgvari saSualebebis gavrceleba sax�

elmwifo xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis sazRvargareT ganxorciele�

bul qmedebaTa mimarT ar Selaxavda meore qveynis suverenitets.136

rac Seexeba sakiTxs, iyvnen Tu ara ganmcxadeblebi, evropuli kon�

venciis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, gaerTianebuli samefos iurisdiqciis

qveS, aRsaniSnavia, rom lordTa palatam sakmaod detalurad ganixila

evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali, raTa konvenciis mo�precedentuli samarTali, raTa konvenciis mo� samarTali, raTa konvenciis mo�

qmedebis farglebi imaze vrclad ar ganemarta, vidre es evropuli sa�

samarTlos mier iyo dadgenili.137 Tumca es arc ise ioli aRmoCnda,

radgan evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi araerTgvarovnebiT

gamoirCeoda.138

am sakiTxis gadawyvetisas lordTa palata ZiriTadad daeyrdno bank�

oviCis saqmeze evropuli sasamarTlos didi palatis gadawyvetilebas

da aRniSna, rom iurisdiqcia ZiriTadad teritoriulia da konvencia

moqmedebs misi xelSemkvreli mxareebis samarTlebriv sivrceSi. Tumca

arsebobs gamonaklisebi da erT�erTia iseTi situacia, roca saxelmwifo

axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols meore qveynis teritoriaze. lord�

Ta palatis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos valdebuleba _ daicvas adamianis

uflebebi am teritoriaze _ iseT SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba, Tu kontr�

135 Id., gv. 53-54.136 Id., gv. 59.137 Id., gv. 34.138 Id., gv. 62.

56

irine barTaia

oli imgvari xarisxisaa, rom am saxelmwifos SeuZlia konvenciiT gaT�

valiswinebul uflebaTa mTeli rigis uzrunvelyofa am teritoriaze

myofi yvela piris mimarT.139 vinaidan gaerTianebuli samefo amgvar kon�

trols ar axorcielebda eraySi, lordTa palatam gadawyvita, saelCoe�

bisa da sakonsuloebis mimarT arsebuli gamonaklisi analogiis saxiT

gaevrcelebina eraySi arsebul britaneTis samxedro bazasTan mimarTe�

biT. faqtobrivad, moxda samxedro bazis gaigiveba saelCoebisa da sa�

konsuloebis reJimTan, romlis mimarTac konvencia vrceldeba, miuxe�

davad maTi eqstrateritoriuli mdebareobisa. aRniSnuli analogiis

gaTvaliswinebiT, lordTa palatam daadgina, rom eqvsi daRupulidan

mxolod baha musa imyofeboda gaerTianebuli samefos iurisdiqciis

qveS, vinaidan igi dakavebuli iyo britaneTis samxedro bazaze.140

zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetileba, romelSic Camoyalibebuli daskvnebi

mogvianebiT kvlav dadasturda lordTa palatis mier al�jedas saqmis

ganxilvisas,141 mniSvnelovania, vinaidan am gadawyvetilebiT erovnulma

sasamarTlom daadgina iurisdiqciis gavrcelebis SesaZlebloba qvey�

nis teritoriis farglebs miRma. analogia, romelic gamoiyena lord�

Ta palatam, SeuZlebels xdis gaerTianebuli samefos mier pasuxismge�

blobis acilebas im darRvevebisaTvis, romelTac misi samxedro Zalebis

warmomadgenlebi Caidenen ucxo qveynis teritoriaze arsebul maTsave

samxedro bazaze. Tumca bankoviCis saqmeze evropuli sasamarTlos sak�

maod araTanmimdevrul gadawyvetilebaze dayrdnobam gamoiwvia is, rom

adamianis uflebaTa aqti ar gavrcelda xuT daRupulze. aRniSnuli ki,

bunebrivia, SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis xarvezad CaiTvalos.

winamdebare statiis avtoris azriT, lordTa palatas ufro meti

mniSvneloba unda mieniWebina ilaSkusa da isas saqmeebze gamotanili

gadawyvetilebebisaTvis, romlebic evropulma sasamarTlom miiRo bank�

oviCis saqmis ganxilvis Semdgom da romlebic Tanamimdevrulia bank�

oviCis saqmis gadawyvetilebamde arsebul sasamarTlo praqtikasTan

mimarTebiT. loizidus, kviprosis, ilaSkusa da isas saqmeebze miRebuli

gadawyvetilebebi Seesabameba ara marto Tanamedrove realobas, aramed,

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso dokumentebidan gamomdinare,

139 Id., gv. 34.140 Id.141 Regina (Al-Jedda) v. Secretary of State for Defence (Justice and another intervening), [2008] 2 W.L.R. 31.

57


saxelmwifos valdebulebebsac, romelTa mixedviTac arc erT qveyanas

ar SeuZlia ganaxorcielos iseTi qmedebebi sxvis teritoriaze, risi

ganxorcielebis uflebac, evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, mas ar aqvs

Tavis teritoriaze.142 Sesabamisad, lordTa palatis mier bankoviCis

saqmeze dayrdnoba, isas saqmis nacvlad, saeWvoa da damajereblobas

moklebuli.143

3.2. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTloTa praqtika

Tavdapirveli TavSekavebuli poziciis miuxedavad, amerikis SeerTe�

buli Statebis sasamarTloebma araerTxel daadastures, rom guantana�guantana�

mos yureSi (SemdgomSi _ `guantanamo~) dakavebul pirebs ufleba aqvT,

mimarTon amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTlos, maTi uflebebis

dacvis mizniT.

2002 wels amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis regionulma sasamarTlom

ar daakmayofila sarCeli klergis koalicia da sxvebi buSisa da sxvebis

winaaRmdeg,144 romelic guantanamoSi dakavebuli pirebis saxeliT iqna

warmodgenili. am saqmeze mosarCeleebi miuTiTebdnen, rom dakavebu�

li pirebi imyofebodnen amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis teritoriuli

iurisdiqciis qveS, vinaidan guantanamos sazRvao baza, rogorc iuridi�guantanamos sazRvao baza, rogorc iuridi� sazRvao baza, rogorc iuridi�

ulad, ise faqtobrivad, warmoadgenda amerikis SeerTebul Statebs.145

aRsaniSnavia, rom amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da kubis respublikas

Soris, 1903 wlis SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad, aRniSnul teritoriaze sruli

iurisdiqcia da kontroli gadaeca amerikis SeerTebul Statebs, Tumca

guantanamo amavdroulad kubis suverenitetis qveS rCeboda.146

sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, guantanamoSi dakavebul pirebs rom SesZle�guantanamoSi dakavebul pirebs rom SesZle� dakavebul pirebs rom SesZle�

bodaT nebismier adgilobriv sasamarTloSi iurisdiqciis dadgena,

damokidebuli iyo imaze, imyofeboda Tu ara guantanamo amerikis SeerTe�guantanamo amerikis SeerTe� amerikis SeerTe�

142 Issa case, supra sqolio, 99, §71.143 ix. aseve T. Thienel, The ECHR in Iraq: The Judgment of the House of Lords in R (Al-Skeini) v. Sec-

retary of State for Defence, 6 J.I.C.J. (2008).144 Coalition of Clergy, et al., v. George Walker Bush et al., Case No. CV 02-570 AHM (JTLx), Order

Dismissing Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus and First Amended Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, (2002), [http://www.cacd.uscourts.gov] (15.08.2008).

145 Id., gv. 20.146 Id., gv. 21 – 23.

58

irine barTaia

buli Statebis suverenitetis qveS.147 sasamarTlom aRiniSna, rom guan�guan�

tanamo ar iyo amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis suverenuli teritoria.148

kerZod, sasamarTlom ganasxvava teritoriuli iurisdiqcia suvereni�

tetisagan da aRniSna, rom es ori cneba ar aris erTmaneTis ekvivalen�ekvivalen�

turi. gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSnulia, rom guantanamo ar aris amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis teritoria da, Sesabamisad, igi funqcionalurad

ar aris misi suverenuli teritoriis ekvivalenti.149 aRniSnulis gaT�

valiswinebiT dadginda, rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarT�

los ar hqonda iurisdiqcia, ganexila es saqme. Sesabamisad, sarCeli ar

dakmayofilda.150

Tumca 2004 wels saqmeze _ rasuli da sxvebi buSisa da sxvebis winaaR�buSisa da sxvebis winaaR� da sxvebis winaaR�

mdeg _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis uzenaesma sasamarTlom daadgina,

rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTloebs aqvT iurisdiqcia,

ganixilon ucxoel pirTa habeas corpus-is sarCelebi, romlebic daka�

vebuli arian im teritoriaze, sadac vrceldeba amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis aSkara da eqskluziuri iurisdiqcia, guantanamos teritori�guantanamos teritori� teritori�

aze dakavebulTa CaTvliT.151

saqmeze _ gerebi buSisa da ramsfeldis winaaRmdeg152 _ amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis saapelacio sasamarTlo ar daeTanxma mTavrobis

pozicias imis Taobaze, rom iurisdiqciaze msjelobisas gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba unda dasTmoboda suverenitetis sakiTxis ganxilvas. ker�dasTmoboda suverenitetis sakiTxis ganxilvas. ker� suverenitetis sakiTxis ganxilvas. ker�

Zod, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom suvereniteti ar iyo iurisdiqciis ganx�

orcielebis winapiroba.153 guantanamoSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

eqskluziuri iurisdiqciis gaTvaliswinebiT, saapelacio sasamarTlom

miiCnia, rom am teritoriaze dakavebul pirebs hqondaT habeas corpus-is

uflebebi. kerZod, sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom aSkaraa, amerikis SeerTe�

147 Id., gv. 20. 148 Id., gv. 21.149 Id., gv. 22.150 Id., gv. 3 - 4.151 Rasul et al. v. Bush, President of the United States, et al., certiorari to the United States Court of Ap-

peals for the District of Columbia Circuit, No. 03-334. Argued April 20, 2004 - Decided June 28, 2004, [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com] (08.08. 2008).

152 Falen Gherebi v. George Walker Bush, Donald H. Rumsfeld, No. 03-55785; D.C. No. CV-03-01267-AHM, Order and Amended Opinion, Argued and Submitted August 11, 2003 - San Francisco, Califor-nia, Filed December 18, 2003, Amended July 8, 2004, [http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov] (15.08.2008).

153 Id., gv. 9292 - 9296.

59


buli Statebi axorcielebs eqskluziur iurisdiqcias guantanamoSi da

swored amgvari iurisdiqciidan gamomdinare, habeas corpus-is uflebebi

aqvT am teritoriaze arsebul bazaze dakavebul pirebs.154

2008 wlis 12 ivliss amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis uzenaesma sa�

samarTlom gaerTianebul saqmeebze _ boumedaini buSis winaaRmdeg da

al odihri amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis winaaRmdeg _ daadastura,

rom guantanamoSi TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa mimarT vrceldeboda

konstituciiT garantirebuli ufleba dakavebis kanonierebis gasaCivre�

basTan dakavSirebiT.155 aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

2008 wlis 20 noembers, raionuli sasamarTlos mosamarTlem saqmeze _

boumedaini buSis winaaRmdeg _ daadgina, rom mTavrobas unda ganexor�

cielebina yvela RonisZieba xuTi mosarCelis gaTavisuflebis mizniT.156

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi naTe�

lyofs, rom erovnuli sasamarTloebis iurisdiqcia SeiZleba gavrcel�

des ara mxolod suverenul, aramed ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze

dakavebul pirebzec.

daskvna

rogorc zemoaRniSnuli praqtikis analizma cxadyo, adamianis ufle�

baTa dacvis saerTaSoriso dokumentebis moqmedeba ar Semoifargleba

qveynis erovnuli teritoriiT da xSirad maTi moqmedeba vrceldeba mis

farglebs gareTac.

adamianis uflebaTa eqstrateritoriuli dacvis valdebuleba war�eqstrateritoriuli dacvis valdebuleba war� dacvis valdebuleba war�

moiSoba, rodesac erTi qveyana axorcielebs efeqtian kontrols meore

qveyanaSi an misi teritoriis nawilze, magaliTad, okupaciis SemTx�

vevaSi. rogorc es zemoaRniSnuli loizidusa da kviprosis saqmeebze

miRebuli gadawyvetilebebiT dadginda, saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba

154 Id., gv. 9298.155 Boumediene et al. v. Bush, President of the United States. Et al., Certiorari to the United States Court

of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, No. 06–1195, Supreme Court of the United States, 12 June 2008, [http://ccrjustice.org] (25.04.2009).

156 Lakhdar Boumediene, et al., v. George W. Bush, et al., Civil Case No.04-1166 (RJL), United States Dis-trict Court for the District of Columbia, Memorandum Order of 20 November 2008, [http://ccrjustice.org] (25.04.2009).

60

irine barTaia

warmoiSoba ara mxolod misi samxedro Zalebis, aramed adgilobrivi ad�

ministraciis an kerZo pirTa qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT.

Tumca saxelmwifos valdebuleba _ daicvas adamianis uflebebi, ar

aris SezRuduli mxolod efeqtiani kontrolis pirobebSi. rogorc es

zemoT iqna mimoxiluli, ilaSkus saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT

mniSvnelovnad gafarTovda saxelmwifos eqstrateritoriuli pasux�eqstrateritoriuli pasux� pasux�

ismgebloba. kerZod, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac saxeze ar aris efeq�

tiani kontroli, SesaZlebelia warmoiSvas saxelmwifos valdebuleba

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis kuTxiT, Tu dadgindeba, rom erTi qveynis

teritoriis nawili imyofeba meore qveynis efeqtiani xelisuflebis an

gadamwyveti gavlenis qveS. amis klasikuri magaliTia moldovis dnes�moldovis dnes� dnes�dnes�

trispireTis TviTgamocxadebuli respublika, romelic daarsda da

SemdgomSi arsebobda ruseTis federaciis samxedro, ekonomikuri da

politikuri mxardaWeriT. rogorc es zeviT iqna mimoxiluli, am saqmeze

dadginda ruseTis efeqtiani xelisufleba dnestrispireTis teritori�dnestrispireTis teritori� teritori�

aze da, Sesabamisad, mas daekisra pasuxismgebloba adamianis uflebaTa

darRvevebisaTvis.

saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi adamianis uflebaTa dar�

RvevisaTvis SeiZleba aseve daisvas eqstrateritoriuli qmedebis dros,

roca dazaralebuli moeqceva meore saxelmwifos xelisuflebis qveS.

es swored iseTi SemTxvevebia, roca saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba dge�

ba ara meore qveynis teritoriaze efeqtiani kontrolis an efeqtiani

xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis safuZvelze, aramed im eqstraterito�eqstraterito�

riuli qmedebebis gamo, romelTa Sedegad dairRva piris uflebebi.

amis magaliTi SeiZleba iyos: ucxo qveynis teritoriaze piris dakaveba,

sazRvargareT mcxovrebi moqalaqisaTvis amave qveynis teritoriaze pa�

sportis gacemaze uaris Tqma, eqstrateritoriuli qmedebis Sedegad

adamianis gardacvaleba da a.S. marTalia, am ukanasknelTan dakavSire�

biT evropulma sasamarTlom bankoviCis saqmeze sapirispiro daskvne�

bi miiRo, Tumca, rogorc es zemoT iqna mimoxiluli, iurisdiqciis

sakiTxebis gansazRvrisas aRniSnuli saqmis wamyvan gadawyvetilebad miC�

neva ar SeiZleba miCneul iqnes wamyvan gadawyvetilebad iurisdiqciis

sakiTxebis gansazRvrisas.

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxi wamoiWreba ara marto eqstra�eqstra�

teritoriuli qmedebebis SemTxvevaSi, aramed iseT SemTxvevaSic, roca

61


erTi qveynis mier Tavis iurisdiqciaSi ganxorcielebuli qmedeba safuZ�

vlad daedeba meore iurisdiqciaSi am piris uflebebis darRvevas. ase�

Ti SemTxveva SeiZleba moxdes, magaliTad, piris eqstradiciisas, roca

arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom mimReb saxelmwifoSi misi uflebebi

Seilaxeba.

adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso dokumentebis eqstrateritoriu�eqstrateritoriu�

li gavrceleba absoluturad logikuri da aucilebelic aris. dauSve� gavrceleba absoluturad logikuri da aucilebelic aris. dauSve�

belia, saxelmwifom pasuxismgebloba aicilos akrZaluli qmedebisaTvis

im safuZvliT, rom es qmedeba misi teritoriis sazRvrebs miRma moxda.

Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia ar daveTanxmoT saerTaSoriso meqanizmebisa

Tu erovnuli sasamarTloebis praqtikas, sadac progresulad da far�

Tod iqna ganmartebuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis dokumentebis moq�

medebis farglebi.

62

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebi — precedentuli samarTliT dadgenili uaxlesi standartebi

besarion boxaSvili

1. Sesavali

`pozitiuri valdebuleba gulisxmobs saxelmwifos movaleobas _

gaataros calkeuli qmediTi RonisZiebebi adamianis uflebaTa efeq�

tiani dacvis mizniT.~1

adamianis uflebaTa pativiscema da efeqtiani dacva xelSemkvreli

saxelmwifoebisagan sxvadasxva pozitiuri qmedebis ganxorcielebas

moiTxovs. am qmedebebs mxolod formaluri xasiaTi ar gaaCniaT da maTi

implementacia realur cxovrebaSi unda ganxorcieldes imgvarad, rom

maqsimalurad uzrunvelyofil iqnes adamianis uflebaTa efeqtiani dac�

va. marTalia, evropuli konvencia ar iZleva pozitiuri valdebulebebis

zust definicias, romelTa ganxorcielebac saxelmwifoebisaTvis aris

valdebuleba ama Tu im uflebis efeqtiani dacvis konteqstSi, magram

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos farTo praqtikis analizis

Sedegad SesaZlebelia calkeuli uflebebis konteqstSi nagulisxmevi

valdebulebebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebis identificireba.

zemoxsenebuli nagulisxmevi pozitiuri valdebulebebi umniSvnelova�

nesi maxasiaTebeli elementia iseT fundamentur uflebebTan mimarTebiT,

rogorebicaa sicocxlis ufleba da wamebis akrZalva, romlebic uzrun�

1 A. Mowbray, The Development of positive Obligations Under the ECHR by the European Court of Human Rights, 2004, p. 2.

63


velyofilia evropuli konvenciis me�2 da me�3 muxlebiT. marTalia, pozi�me�2 da me�3 muxlebiT. marTalia, pozi� da me�3 muxlebiT. marTalia, pozi�me�3 muxlebiT. marTalia, pozi� muxlebiT. marTalia, pozi�

tiuri valdebulebebis uSualo xseneba ar xdeba konvenciis me�2 da me�3

muxlebis teqstSi, magram sasamarTlom mraval saqmesTan dakavSirebiT

daadgina, rom, xsenebuli muxlebis debulebebiT daculi fundamenturi

Rirebulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, konvenciis xelSemkvreli saxelmwifo

valdebulia, efeqtianad ganaxorcielos konvenciis me�2 da me�3 muxlebiT

daculi uflebebi2, (1) miiRos kanonmdebloba, romelic efeqtianad da�

icavs sicocxlis uflebas; (2) aRZras da Caataros dauyovnebeli da efeq�

tiani gamoZieba, sicocxlis uflebis an arasaTanado mopyrobis TiToeul

faqtTan dakavSirebiT, ara mxolod saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis mier,

savaraudod, Cadenili mkvlelobisa Tu arasaTanado mopyrobis SemTx�

vevaSi, aramed kerZo pirebis monawileobisas da sxva SemTxvevebSic; (3)

uzrunvelyos dazaralebuli pirebi da naTesavebi samarTlebrivi dacvis

efeqtiani saSualebebiTa da kompensaciiT.

xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebi da maTi mTavrobebi xSirad awydebian

sirTuleebs sicocxlis uflebisa da wamebis akrZalvis konteqstSi na�

gulisxmevi valdebulebebis identificirebisas. adamianis uflebaTa

dacvis standartebis mudmivad mzardi xasiaTi da sasamarTlos praq�

tikis ganviTareba me�2 da me�3 muxlebiT moculi pozitiuri valdeb�me�2 da me�3 muxlebiT moculi pozitiuri valdeb� da me�3 muxlebiT moculi pozitiuri valdeb�me�3 muxlebiT moculi pozitiuri valdeb� muxlebiT moculi pozitiuri valdeb�

ulebebis axal aspeqtebs warmoaCens. SedarebiT martivia sasamarTlos

piloturi gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze imis gaazreba, Tu ra konkre� gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze imis gaazreba, Tu ra konkre�

tuli RonisZiebebi igulisxmeba pozitiur valdebulebebSi. Tumca xan�

daxan vawydebiT problemas, maSin, roca sasamarTlo praqtika calkeul

sakiTxebs ar moicavs da gaurkvevelia, Tu ramdenad evaleba saxelmwi�

fos konkretuli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba an garkveuli qmedebis ganx�

orcielebisagan Tavis Sekaveba. Sesabamisad, adamianis uflebaTa evro�

puli sasamarTlos praqtikis analizma, sicocxlis uflebisa da wamebis

akrZalvis efeqtiani da realuri dacvis moTxovnasTan mimarTebiT, Ses�

aZlebelia migviyvanos im logikur daskvnamde, Tu ra valdebulebebs

unda moicavdes zemoT xsenebuli uflebebi.

me�2 da me�3 muxlebis konteqstSi pozitiur valdebulebebTan daka� da me�3 muxlebis konteqstSi pozitiur valdebulebebTan daka�me�3 muxlebis konteqstSi pozitiur valdebulebebTan daka� muxlebis konteqstSi pozitiur valdebulebebTan daka�

vSirebuli siaxleebis analizi, romelic qvemoT aris mocemuli, miznad

2 rasac zogadad moiTxovs konvenciis pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi� zogadad moiTxovs konvenciis pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi�zogadad moiTxovs konvenciis pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi� moiTxovs konvenciis pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi�moiTxovs konvenciis pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi� konvenciis pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi�konvenciis pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi� pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi�pirveli muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi� muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi�muxli: `[saxelmwifoebma] yvelasaTvis Tavi�anTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi uzrunvelyon ... konvenciis � karSi gaTvaliswinebuli ufle�bebi da Tavisuflebebi~

64

besarion boxaSvili

isaxavs bolo 2�3 wlis ganmavlobaSi sasamarTlo praqtikiT ganmtkice�2�3 wlis ganmavlobaSi sasamarTlo praqtikiT ganmtkice� wlis ganmavlobaSi sasamarTlo praqtikiT ganmtkice�

buli pozitiuri valdebulebebis yvela aspeqtis ganxilvas. sayuradRe�

boa, rom sasamarTlo ara mxolod aviTarebs, aramed avrcobs adreuli

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebiT ganmtkicebul pozitiur valdebuleba�

Ta sferos, sicocxlis uflebis da wamebis, araadamianuri da Rirsebis

Semlaxveli mopyrobisagan efeqtiani da realuri dacvis mizniT.

2. pozitiuri valdebulebebi sicocxlis uflebis konteqstSi

sicocxlis ufleba miiCneva konvenciis erT�erT yvelaze fundamen�

tur debulebad, romelic moicavs demokratiuli sazogadoebebis Ziri�

Tad Rirebulebas.3 uflebis fundamenturi bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT, is

akisrebs xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs ara mxolod negatiur valdebule�xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs ara mxolod negatiur valdebule� saxelmwifoebs ara mxolod negatiur valdebule�

bebs _ TviTneburad sicocxlis mospobis akrZalvas, aramed aseve mraval

pozitiur valdebulebas, rogorebicaa: sicocxlis uflebis efeqtiani

dacvis mizniT adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis miReba,4 momakvdinebeli Za�

lis gamoyenebis dros policiis operaciebis saTanado dagegmva,5 msx�

verplis Tavidan acilebis mizniT adekvaturi da gonivruli RonisZie�

bebis gatareba,6 sasikvdilo SemTxvevebis dauyovneblivi da efeqtiani

gamoZieba.7 adamianis sikvdili ar aris aucilebeli winapiroba imisaTvis,

raTa xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos warmoeSvas pozitiuri valdebulebebis

ganxorcielebis valdebuleba.8 Zalis gamoyeneba, romelic Tavisi arsiT

fataluri Sedegis dadgomis realur safrTxes qmnis, sakmarisi safuZve�

3 McCann and others v. the United Kingdom, ganacxadi N18984/91, judgment of 27 September 1995, par. 147.

4 Vo. v. France, ganacxadi N53924/00, judgment of 8 July, 2004, par. 90, Osman v. the United King-dom, judgment of 28 October 1998, par. 115.

5 Isayeva, Yusupova and Bazayeva v. Russia, ganacxadi N57947/00; N57948/00; N57949/00, judg-ment of 24 February 2005, Andronicou and Constantinou v. Cyprus, ganacxadi N25052/94, judgment of 9 October 1997, McCann and others v. the United Kingdom, ganacxadi N18984/91, judgment of 27 September 1995, Nachova and others v. Bulgaria, applications N43577/98 and N43579/98, judgment of 6 July 2005, Ergi v. Turkey ganacxadi N23818/94, judgment of 28 July 1998.

6 Osman v. the United Kingdom, ganacxadi N23452/94, judgment of 28 February 1998, Mahmut Kaya v. Turkey, ganacxadi N22535/93, judgment of 28 March 2000.

7 Nachova and others v. Bulgaria, ganacxadi N43577/98 and N43579/98, judgment of 6 July 2005, Kelly and others v. the United Kingdom judgment of 4 May 2001.

8 Makaratzis v. Greece, ganacxadi no. 50385/99, judgment of 20 December 2004.

65


lia saxelmwifoebis mier pozitiur valdebulebaTa ganxorcielebisaT�

vis.9 yvela zemoT xsenebuli pozitiuri valdebuleba, saxelmwifoebis

mier saTanado Sesrulebis pirobebSi, qmnis sicocxlis uflebis uzrun�

velyofisa da sicocxlis TviTneburi mospobisgan dacvis efeqtian ga�

rantias. marTalia, evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom aragonivru�

li tvirTi ar unda daawves saxelmwifoebs sicocxlis uflebis dacvas�

Tan mimarTebiT10, magram sasamarTlos praqtikis analizi miuTiTebs im

faqtze, rom adamianis uflebaTa dacvis standartebis zrdasTan erTad,

strasburgis sasamarTlo zrdis konvenciis wevri qveynebis mier Ses� sasamarTlo zrdis konvenciis wevri qveynebis mier Ses�

asrulebel pozitiur valdebulebebs, sicocxlis uflebis efeqtiani

dacvis mizniT.

3. sicocxlis uflebis efeqtiani dacvis mizniT kanonmdeblobis miRebis pozitiuri valdebuleba

`saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebis kanongareSe da TviTneburi qmedeba

Seusabamoa adamianis uflebaTa efeqtian pativiscemasTan.~11

Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba, romelic efeqtianad daicavs

TiToeuli adamianis sicocxlis uflebas, umniSvnelovanesia gadamete�

buli da momakvdinebeli Zalis TviTneburi gamoyenebisagan adamianTa

dasacavad. sasamarTlom mraval saqmeze12 daadgina, rom mkacrad unda

moxdes im garemoebebis gansazRvra, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSic

SeiZleba sicocxlis mospobis gamarTleba.13 me�2(1) muxlis pirveli wi�me�2(1) muxlis pirveli wi� muxlis pirveli wi�

nadadebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifoebma Tavi unda Seikavon ara mxolod si�

cocxlis ganzrax da ukanonod mospobisgan, aramed SidasamarTlebrivi

sistemis farglebSi unda gaataron Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi, raTa uzrun�

9 ix. magaliTad, Acar and others v. Turkey, ganacxadi N36088/97 ; 38417/97, judgment of 24 May 2005, but on the opposite see Dizman v. Turkey, ganacxadi N27309/95, judgment of 20 December 2005, romelSic sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom sasikvdilo safrTxe ar arRvevda evropuli kon�venciis me�2 muxlis debulebebs.

10 Osman v. the United Kingdom, ganacxadi N23452/94, judgment of 28 February 1998.11 Makaratzis v. Greece, ganacxadi no. 50385/99, judgment of 20 December 2004.12 Nachova and others v. Bulgaria, ganacxadi N43577/98 and N43579/98, judgment of 6 July 2005;

Makaratzis v. Greec, ganacxadi # 50385/99, judgment of 20 December 2004.13 Salman v. Turkey , ganacxadi N21986/93, § 97, ECHR 2000-VII.

66

besarion boxaSvili

velyon im pirebis sicocxle, vinc maTi iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeba.14 es

gulisxmobs saxelmwifos mTavar valdebulebas, uzrunvelyos sicocxlis

ufleba Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi da administraciuli sistemis SeqmniT,

romelic aRkveTs pirovnebis sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSau�

lis Cadenas. aseTi sistemis dacva da uzrunvelyofa ki unda xorcield�xorcield�

ebodes samarTaldamcavi aparatiT msgavsi debulebebis darRvevis aRkve� samarTaldamcavi aparatiT msgavsi debulebebis darRvevis aRkve�

Tis, aRmofxvrisa da damnaSaveTa dasjis gziT.15 yovelive zemoaRniSnu�

lidan gamomdinareobs, rom erovnuli kanonmdebloba maqsimalurad unda

zRudavdes samarTaldamcavi organoebis mxridan TviTnebobas da Zalis

borotad gamoyenebas, rasac SeuZlia xelyos sicocxle.16

erT�erT uaxles saqmeSi _ makaratzisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg17 _ sasamarTlom gaakritika saberZneTis kanoni #29/1943, romelic meore

msoflio omis periodSi miiRes. kanonSi iyo vrceli (SesaZloa mas vu�

wodoT SeuzRudav) CamonaTvali im garemoebebisa, romelTa SemTxveva�

Sic policiis TanamSromels hqonda iaraRis gamoyenebis uflebamosile�

ba. berZnuli kanonmdeblobis arc erTi sxva debuleba ar aregulirebda

policiis operaciebis dros iaraRis gamoyenebis sakiTxs da ar adgenda

policiis operaciebis dagegmvisa da kontrolis wesebs. sasamarTlom

miiCnia, rom me�2(1) muxlis pirveli winadadebiT dadgenili adekva�me�2(1) muxlis pirveli winadadebiT dadgenili adekva� muxlis pirveli winadadebiT dadgenili adekva�

turi samarTlebrivi da administraciuli sistemis Seqmnis pozitiuri

valdebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saberZneTis xelisuflebam ar gaakeTa

yvelaferi is, rac gonivrulad mosalodneli iyo misgan. kerZod, man ar

uzrunvelyo sakuTari moqalaqeebi, romelTa winaaRmdegac SesaZlebeli

iyo potenciurad momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyeneba, im garantiebiT, ro�

melic moeTxoveboda mas sicocxlisTvis realuri da uSualo safrTxis

Tavidan acilebis uzrunvelsayofad.

evropulma sasamarTlom msgavsi gadawyvetileba miiRo saqmeze _ na�

Cova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg,18 sadac gamoxata Tavisi ukmayo�

14 Kılıç v. Turkey, ganacxadi N22492/93, §62, ECHR 2000-III.15 Makaratzis v. Greece, ganacxadi # 50385/99, judgment of 20 December 2004.16 Hilda Hafsteinsdóttir v. Iceland, ganacxadi N40905/98, judgment of 8 June 2004, par. 56; analogiur

debulebebs vxvdebiT adamianis uflebaTa gaeros komitetis zogad komentarebSi, samoqa�laqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me�6 muxlTan dakavSirebul zogad komen�tarebSi (General Comment N6 of the UN Human Rights Committee Article 6, 16th Session (1982), par. 3).

17 Makaratzis v. Greece, ganacxadi #50385/99, judgment of 20 December 2004.18 Nachova and others v. Bulgaria, ganacxadi N43577/98 and N43579/98, judgment of 6 July 2005.

67


fileba im faqtiT, rom samxedro policiis mier iaraRis gamoyenebis

maregulirebeli normebi nebas rTavda samxedro policias, gamoeyenebi�

na iaraRi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis warmomadgenelTa dakavebisas, Tundac

yvelaze naklebad mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi.

4. policiis operaciebis saTanadod/adekvaturad dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis pozitiuri valdebuleba

`...sapolicio operaciebis Catarebis dros xelisuflebis organoebma

minimumamde unda daiyvanon sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgomis safrTxe. maT

unda amowuron yvela alternatiuli saSualeba arsebuli situaciis gan�gan�

samuxtavad, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi samarTaldamcavi organoebis

warmomadgenlebma unda moaxdinon sakuTari Tavis identificireba da sa�

Tanado gafrTxilebiT naTeli gaxadon maT mier iaraRis gamoyenebis gan�

zraxva, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aseTi qmedeba safrTxes Seuqmnis

samarTaldamcavi organos warmomadgenels an safrTxis qveS daayenebs

sxva pirTa sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas, an, incidentis garemoebebidan

gamomdinare, aseTi qmedeba aSkarad arasaTanado an uazroa.~19

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerT saqmeSi ganixila

ganmcxadeblis saCivari, romelic exeboda im sapolicio operaciebis ara�

saTanadod dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebas, romelTac sasikvdilo Sedegi

mohyva. sasamarTlos damokidebuleba msgavsi saxis saqmeebTan dakavSire�

biT ar Secvlila 1995 wlis Semdeg.20 erT�erT yvelaze axal saqmeSi _ isae�

va, iusupova da bazaeva ruseTis federaciis winaaRmdeg21 _ sasamarTlos

unda ganexila, samoqalaqo kolonaze ruseTis federaciis SU�25 tipis

bombdamSenidan Tavdasxmis faqti, romelsac, savaraudod, am samoqalaqo

kolonidan cecxli gauxsnes CeCenma amboxebulebma, iyo Tu ara aucile�

19 gaeros ZiriTadi principebi samarTaldamcavi organebis warmomadgenelTa mier Zalisa da iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, (`gaeros Zalisa da iaraRis gamoyenebis principebi”), romelic miRebul iqna 1990 wlis 7 seqtembers danaSaulTa aRkveTisa da damnaSaveTa mopyrobis Tao�baze gamarTul gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis merve kongresze.

20 ix. zemoxsenebuli McCann-is saqme.21 Isayeva, Yusupova and Bazayeva v. Russia ganacxadi: no. 57947/00; no. 57948/00; no. 57949/00,

2005 wlis 24 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba.

68

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beli da gamarTlebuli. sasamarTlom kidev erTxel gaimeora, rom me�2

muxli exeba/moicavs ara mxolod ganzrax mkvlelobas, aramed iseT SemTx�exeba/moicavs ara mxolod ganzrax mkvlelobas, aramed iseT SemTx� ara mxolod ganzrax mkvlelobas, aramed iseT SemTx�

vevebsac, rodesac nebadarTulia `Zalis gamoyeneba~, romelsac, rogorc

arapirdapiri ganzraxvis Sedegi, SesaZloa mohyves sicocxlis mospoba.

amasTanave, sasamarTlom kvlav xazi gausva konvenciis me�2 muxlis (a) da

(g) punqtebSi gadmocemuli erTi an ramdenime miznis miRwevisaTvis cnebis

_àbsoluturad aucilebelis~ _ mniSvnelobas da saxelmwifos valdebule�aucilebelis~ _ mniSvnelobas da saxelmwifos valdebule�_ mniSvnelobas da saxelmwifos valdebule�

bas, am SemTxvevebSi cnebis _ àucilebeli~ _ gansamartavad ufro mkacri

testi gamoiyenos, vidre es konvenciis me�8�me�11 muxlebis me�2 nawilebiT

gaTvaliswinebuli cnebis _ àucilebeli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi~ _

ganmartebisas gamoiyeneba. zemoaRniSnuli saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarT� gamoiyeneba. zemoaRniSnuli saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarT�

los mouxda, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaemaxvilebina im garemoebaze,

iyo Tu ara xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mier operacia dagegmili da

kontrolirebuli ise, rom minimumamde dayvaniliyo momakvdinebeli Zalis

gamoyeneba. marTalia, sasamarTlom gaiziara is faqti, rom arsebuli md�

gomareoba moiTxovda saxelmwifos mxridan gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis

gatarebas CeCneTis respublikaze kontrolis aRdgenisa da ukanono Sei�CeCneTis respublikaze kontrolis aRdgenisa da ukanono Sei� respublikaze kontrolis aRdgenisa da ukanono Sei�

araRebuli formirebebis moqmedebebis CaxSobis mizniT, rasac SesaZloa

gaemarTlebina Zlieri sabrZolo iaraRiT aRWurvili samxedro aviaciis

gamoyeneba. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, vinc 1999 wlis 29 oqtombers

gegmavda operacias rostovi�baqos magistralis siaxloves, unda scodno�rostovi�baqos magistralis siaxloves, unda scodno� magistralis siaxloves, unda scodno�

daT devnilTa im samoqalaqo kolonis arsebobis Sesaxeb, romelic tovebda

brZolis adgils da unda gaefrTxilebinaT isini, gamoeCinaT gansakuTreb�

uli sifrTxile sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis gamo.

sasamarTlom, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra miznis miRwevas cdilobda am

dros saxelmwifo, gaiTvaliswina: gamoyenebuli iaraRis siZliere, da�

Rupuli samoqalaqo pirebis raodenoba, romelTa Soris ar iyo arcerTi

amboxebuli, aseve is, rom ruseTis mTavrobam sasamarTlos ver warud�

gina am operaciis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis masalebi da ver miuTi�

Ta Sida kanonmdeblobaze, romelic aregulirebs winamdebare saqmis

msgavs garemoebebSi samxedro Tu uSiSroebis Zalebis mier Zalis gamoy�

enebas, agreTve, gamoyenebuli Zalis proporciuloba, da ar gaiziara,

rom sofel Saami�urtis maxloblad Catarebuli operacia dagegmili da

ganxorcielebuli iyo samoqalaqo mosaxleobis sicocxlis mimarT saTa�

nado sifrTxilis gamoCeniT.

69


saqmeSi _ isaeva, iusupova da bazaeva ruseTis federaciis winaaRmdeg

_ sasamarTlom kidev erTxel daadgina policiis operaciebis ganxor�

cielebis dros xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebze pozitiuri tvirTis arse�xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebze pozitiuri tvirTis arse� saxelmwifoebze pozitiuri tvirTis arse�

boba, romelic araerTxel daudgenia wina gadawyvetilebebSi saqmeebze

_ makkani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, andronikou da

konstantinou kviprosis winaaRmdeg, ergi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, oguri

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg22 da a.S. kerZod, policiis operaciebis ganxor�

cielebisas saxelmwifos aqvs pozitiuri valdebuleba: 1) SeimuSaos is�

eTi kanonmdebloba, romelic mkacrad gansazRvravs SemTxvevebs, rode�

sac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mier SesaZloa moxdes

piris sicocxlis uflebis xelyofa;23 2) policiis operaciebi daigegmos

da Semdeg maTi ganxorcieleba gakontroldes ise, rom minimumamde Sem�gakontroldes ise, rom minimumamde Sem� ise, rom minimumamde Sem�

cirdes momakvdinebeli Zalis SesaZlo gamoyeneba; 3) momakvdinebeli Za�

lis gamoyeneba Seqmnil garemoebebSi unda iyos absoluturad aucile�

beli; 4) momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyeneba unda iyos proporciuli da em�

saxurebodes me�2 muxlis (a) da (g) punqtebSi CamoTvlil erT�erT mizans;

5) policiis operaciebis dros miRebuli unda iqnes yvela aucilebeli

RonisZieba SemTxveviT gamvlelTa dasacavad.24

zemoT aRniSnuli valdebulebebi unda Sesruldes ara mxolod im pir�

Ta mier, vinc aSkarad moiazreba terminSi _ ̀ saxelmwifo warmomadgeneli~,

aramed im samoqalaqo pirebis mierac, vinc msgavs funqciebs saxelmwifo

xelisuflebis aSkara nebarTvisa da Tanxmobis safuZvelze axorciele�

ben.25 saqmeSi _ Avsar and others v. Turkey26 _ sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom sof�

lis mcvelebs hqondaT oficialuri Tanamdeboba, saTanado valdebulebe�

biTa da pasuxismgeblobebiT. isini administraciulad soflis muhTaris

22 McCann v. UK, Andnicou and Constantinou v. Cyprus, Ergi v. Turkey, Ogur v. Turkey.23 igive exeba xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis pozitiur valdebulebas me�3 muxlis mixedviT.

erT�erT axal saqmeSi _ Tzekov v. Bulgaria (ganacxadi no. 45500/99, 2006 wlis 23 Teberv�lis gadawyvetileba), romelSic sasamarTlom daadgina rom gasrolas ar mohyolia sasikv�dilo Sedegi, aramed ganmcxadebeli mxolod daiWra, darRveulad cno konvenciis me�3 muxli da daadgina, rom `samarTlebrivi sistema, romelic Sesabamis dros aregulirebda policiis Zalebis mier iaraRis gamoyenebas bulgareTSi, arasakmarisi iyo piris fizikuri usafrTxoebis gaumarTlebeli darRvevisagan dasacavad.~

24 ara mxolod xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mier, aramed, eWvmitanilTa mier Zalis gam�oyenebisagan dasacavad, Ergi v. Turkey, ganacxadi no.23818/94, 1998 wlis 24 maisis gadaw�yvetileba.

25 Avsar v. Turkey, ganacxadi no. 25657/94, 2001 wlis 10 ivlisis gadawyvetileba.26 ganacxadi no. 36088/97; 38417/97, 2005 wlis 24 maisis gadawyvetileba.

70

besarion boxaSvili

(muhtar) zedamxedvelobis qveS iyvnen da pasuxsac maT winaSe agebdnen,

xelfass, daxmarebebsa da momsaxurebisaTvis zianis anazRaurebas Sinagan

saqmeTa saministrodan iRebdnen. samsaxurebrivad mcvelebi Jandarmeriis

ufross eqvemdebarebodnen. maTTvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva isjeboda, is�

eve, rogorc JandarmebisaTvis gaweuli winaaRmdegoba. samxedro da uSiS�

roebis ZalebTan erTad samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis Sesrulebisas sof�

lis mcvelebs hqondaT igive uflebebi da valdebulebebi, rac uSiSroebis

danayofebis wevrebs. Sesabamisad, Avsar-is saqmis msgavsad, sasamarTlom,

konvenciis me�2 muxlis mixedviT, pasuxismgeblad cno TurqeTi, soflis

mcvelebis mier Cadenili qmedebebis gamo, romlebic, marTalia, oficial�

urad saxelmwifo xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi ar iyvnen, magram maTi

funqciebi da valdebulebebi oficialuri uflebamosilebis farglebSi

moqmedi pirebis funqciebisa da valdebulebebis msgavsi iyo.

5. sicocxlis uflebis dacvis valdebuleba

`sicocxlis uflebis efeqtiani dacvis interesebidan gamomdinare, konven�

ciis me�2 muxlis 1�li winadadeba ara mxolod moiTxovs saxelmwifoebisagan,

Tavi Seikavon sicocxlis ukanono xelyofisagan, aramed aseve moiazrebs Tavi�

anTi iurisdiqciebis qveS myof pirTa sicocxlis dacvis valdebulebasac.~27

sicocxlis uflebis efeqtiani ganxorcieleba avaldebulebs saxelm�

wifo xelisuflebas, gaataros operatiuli, prevenciuli RonisZiebebi

im individebis sicocxlis uflebis dasacavad, romlebic SesaZlebelia

gaxdnen sxva piris mier Cadenili danaSaulis msxverplni. saqmeSi _ osmani

didi britaneTis winaaRmdeg,28 evropulma sasamarTlom zustad gansaz�

Rvra saxelmwifos valdebuleba, daicvas adamianis sicocxlis ufleba

ukanono xelyofisgan. amavdroulad, sasamarTlo precedentuli samar�

Tlis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelmwifos mxolod

maSin ekisreba fizikuri sicocxlis (da ara sicocxlis uflebis) dacvis

valdebuleba, rodesac xelisuflebis organoebma icodnen, an, obieq�

27 L.C.B. v. the United Kingdom, judgment of 9 June 1998, par. 36.28 Osman v. the United Kingdom, ganacxadi # 87/1997/871/1083, 1998 wlis 28 oqtombris gadaw�

yvetileba.

71


turi movlenebidan gamomdinare, valdebulni iyvnen, scodnodaT, rom

konkretuli individis sicocxles emuqreboda realuri safrTxe.

6. TviTmkvleloba

erT�erT ukanasknel saqmeSi _ atamani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg29 _ mo�

sarCelem meore muxlze dayrdnobiT gaasaCivra Tavisi Svilis, rogorc

fsiqologiurad arastabiluri pirovnebis, TviTmkvleloba jarSi sam�

saxuris periodSi. sasamarTlos unda daedgina, ramdenad iyo SesaZlebe�

li, xelisuflebis organoebs scodnodaT arsebuli safrTxeebis Sesaxeb

da Tavidan aecilebinaT isini.

sasamarTlom mravalgzis aRniSna saxelmwifoze dakisrebuli valde�

bulebis Sesaxeb, ganaxorcielos prevenciuli RonisZiebebi da daicvas

yvela is adamiani, romelTa sicocxlesac emuqreba realuri safrTxe.

Sesabamisad, savaldebulo samxedro samsaxuris dros, romelic cecxl�

sasrol iaraRTan uSualo Sexebas gulisxmobs, saWiroa gansakuTrebuli

sifrTxilis gamoCena, raTa fsiqikuri gadaxrebis mqone pirebi ar iqnen

gawveulni samxedro samsaxurSi, an, sul mcire, maqsimalurad SezRudu�

li hqondeT xelmisawvdomoba sicocxlisaTvis saSiS iaraRTan.

aRniSnul saqmeSi TurqeTis saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo sicocxlis

uflebis efeqtiani dacva. xelisuflebis organoebma ar miiRes mxedvelo�

baSi is faqti, rom sajariso samsaxuris periodSi ganmcxadeblis Svili or�

jer iqna moTavsebuli fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi (7 da 10 dRiT) da amis

Semdgom igi mainc daabrunes sajariso samsaxurSi, ufro metic, daekisra

valdebuleba, iaraRiT xelSi, daecva samxedro sawyobi, rasac mohyva fsiq�

ikurad gauwonasworebeli piris mier TviTmkvlelobis ganxorcieleba.

7. jansaRi garemo

sicocxlis efeqtiani dacva gulisxmobs saxelmwifos mier Sesabamisi

RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas, romelic daexmareba mas, daicvas Tavisi

29 Ataman v. Turkey ganacxadi #46252/99, 2006 wlis 27 aprilis gadawyvetileba.

72

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iurisdiqciis qveS myofi pirebi sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi safrTxeebisagan

da uzrunvelyos maTTvis usafrTxo cxovrebis pirobebi. es valdeb�

uleba, uwinaresad, exeba adamianis sicocxlisTvis potenciuri riskis

Semcvel saxifaTo qmedebebs. adgilobrivi mmarTvelebi unda axdendnen

licenzirebas, mowyobas da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas, raTa ganax�

orcielon TavianTi moqalaqeebis sicocxlis efeqtiani dacva.

sasamarTlo yovelTvis gansakuTrebulad gamoyofs informaciis Tavi�

suflebis uflebas, rogorc prevenciul RonisZiebas, razec miuTiTebs

konvenciis precedentuli samarTali. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebul

erT�erT ukanasknel saqmeSi _ onierildizi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg30 _

mosarCelem dakarga ojaxis wevrebi nagavsayrelze bunebrivad warmoSo�

bili meTanis gazis afeTqebis Sedegad, ganadgurda mosarCelis saxlic,

romelic nagavsayrelTan axlos mdebareobda. zemoaRniSnul saqmeSi sa�

samarTlom daadgina, rom SeuZlebeli iyo, municipalitetis TanamSrom�

lebs ar scodnodaT afeTqebis potenciuri safrTxis Sesaxeb, miT umetes,

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT arsebobda specialuri usafrTxoebis

wesebi. garda amisa, sasamarTlom yuradReba gaamaxvila im faqtze, rom

zogierTma pasuxismgebelma pirma garkveul doneze icoda an unda scod�

noda arsebuli safrTxisa da im adamianebis raodenobis Sesaxeb, rom�

lebic mimdebare teritoriaze cxovrobdnen. konvenciis meore muxlis

Sesabamisad, isini valdebuli iyvnen, ganexorcielebinaT yvela SesaZlo

prevenciuli RonisZieba da daecvaT iq mcxovrebi adamianebi.

8. samedicino mkurnaloba

adekvaturi samedicino mkurnalobis ar an arasaTanado doneze arse�

boba iwvevs adamianis janmrTelobis gauaresebas da xSirad maT sikvdil�

sac ki. evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, sax�

elmwifos akisria TiTqmis absoluturi valdebuleba, patimrobisas uz�

runvelyos piris jandacva da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misi mkurnaloba.

safrangeTis saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg sicocxlis uflebasTan daka�

vSirebul erT�erTi gadawyvetilebaSi _ Tai safrangeTis winaaRmdeg

30 Onieryldiz v. Turkey.

73


_ mosarCeleebi amtkicebdnen, rom maTi Svili gardaicvala policiis

TanamSromlis gulgrili damokidebulebis gamo _ dakavebul patimars

ar gauwia saTanado zedamxedveloba da samedicino momsaxureba.

safrangeTis saxelmwifos gancxadebiT, paskal Tai gardaicvala sakanSi

waqcevis Sedegad, rodesac man skamis kuTxeze daartya Tavi. saxelmwi�

fos mier wardgenili komentarebis Seswavlisas sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom

paskal Tais dakavebis dRes misi fizikuri da fsiqikuri janmrTeloba

garkveul SeSfoTebas iwvevda. aRniSnuli faqti SeiZleboda gamxdariyo

damatebiTi faqtori dakavebis periodSi masze mzrunvelobis gasaZliere�

blad. igi dakavebuli da sakanSi gadayvanili iyo gamosafxizleblad. sa�

samarTlom aRniSna, rom paskal Tais mdgomareobis, rogorc fizikurad,

aseve fsiqologiurad, yvela simptomi miuTiTebda misi mdgomareobis usu�

surobaze. dakavebis periodSi ar iqna gamokvleuli da saerTod ar Cat�

arebia aranairi samedicino meTvalyureoba, raTa daecvaT misi sicocxle.

sasamarTlom naTlad mianiSna ganmcxadebelTan mimarTebiT safrangeTis

xelisuflebis organoebis mxridan arajerovan mopyrobaze, ramac gamoi�

wvia patimris janmrTelobis mkveTri gauareseba da Semdgomi sikvdili.

9. fataluri SemTxvevebis gamoZiebis valdebuleba

àRniSnuli aris ara Sedegze orientirebuli valdebuleba, aramed

gulisxmobs mxolod da mxolod yvela xelmisawvdom da gamoyenebul

saSualebas.~31

sicocxlis uflebis dacvis pozitiuri valdebuleba gulisxmobs ofi�

cialuri gamoZiebis efeqtianad warmarTvas adamianis sikvdilis faqtTan

dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli valdebuleba ar Semoifargleba mxolod iseTi

saqmeebiT, sadac gansazRvrulia, rom sikvdili gamowveuli iyo saxelmwi�

fos warmomadgenlebis mier32 ganxorcielebuli qmedebis Sedegad, an rode�ganxorcielebuli qmedebis Sedegad, an rode�

sac dazaralebulis ojaxi Seitans saCivars kompetentur organoSi sikvdi�

31 Nachova and others v. Bulgaria, ganacxadi N43577/98 and N43579/98, judgment of 6 July 2005.32 Bazorkina v. Russia, ganacxadi N69481/01, judgment of 27 July 2006, Ilhan v. Turkey, application.

N22277/93 judgment of 27 June 2000.

74

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lis faqtis Sesaxeb.33 nebismieri faqti, romelic sicocxlis xelyofasTan

aris dakavSirebuli, akisrebs saxelmwifos valdebulebas, aRZras efeqtiani

gamoZieba da warmarTos igi yovlismomcvelad, jerovnad da swrafad.

is faqti, rom xelisuflebis Sesabamisi pirebi informirebulebi iyvnen

adamianis sicocxlis xelyofis Sesaxeb, warmoSobs ipso facto valdebulebas,

konvenciis meore muxlis Sesabamisad, daiwyos gamoZieba im garemoebebTan

dakavSirebiT, romlebmac gamoiwvies piris sikvdili.34 nebismieri sagamoZie�

bo moqmedebis ganuxorcielebloba xelisuflebis organoebis mxridan,

nebismieri umoqmedoba, rac SeuZlebels gaxdida sikvdilis mizezis dad�

genas an damnaSavis marTlmsajulebisaTvis wardgenas, aris saxelmwifoze

dakisrebuli pozitiuri valdebulebis darRveva. strasburgis sasamarT�

los mier ganxiluli mravali saqmis analizi iZleva yvela im pozitiuri

qmedebis warmoCenis saSualebas, romelTac sasamarTlo aucileblad miiC�

nevs sasikvdilo SemTxvevebis jerovnad da obieqturad gamoZiebisaTvis.

pirvel rigSi, ukanono mkvlelobis gamoZieba rom efeqtianad ganx�

orcieldes, savaldebuloa, is adamianebi, romlebic ar arian CarTulni

gamoZiebis procesSi, maqsimalurad iyvnen damoukidebelni. es gulisx�

mobs ara mxolod ierarqiul da instituciur damoukideblobas, aramed

praqtikul damoukideblobasac.35

erT�erT ukanaskneli saqmis _ Scavuzzo-Hager and Others v. Switzerland _ mixedviT, policiis TanamSromelma, romelmac daakava p. (igi Sedegad

gardaicvala) da awarmoebda gamoZiebas sawyis etapze, dakiTxa mowmee�

bi, magram Tavad arasodes yofila dakiTxuli. evropulma sasamarTlom

daadgina, rom msgavsi qmedeba ar Seesabameba im ierarqiuli, instituci�

uri da praqtikuli damoukideblobis moTxovnebs, romlebzec saubaria

konvenciis meore muxlSi.

gamoZieba aseve unda iyos efeqtiani im TvalsazrisiT, rom daadginos,

ramdenad mizanSewonili iyo konkretul garemoebebSi Zalis gamoyeneba

da ramdenad sworad iyo gansazRvruli pasuxismgeblobaSi gadacemuli

pirebisTvis sasjelis zoma. samarTaldamcavebma unda mimarTon mxolod

maTTvis xelmisawvdom zomier qmedebebs.

33 Bazorkina v. Russia, ganacxadi N69481/01, judgment of 27 July 2006, Ilhan v. Turkey, ganacxadi N22277/93 judgment of 27 June 2000.

34 Tanrıkulu v. Turkey, ganacxadi N23763/94, judgment of 8 July 1999, par 101 and 103.35 Güleç v. Turkey, ganacxadi N21593/93 judgment of 27 July 1998, Ögur v. Turkey, ganacxadi

N21954/93, judgment of 20 May 1999).

75


saqmeSi _ akari da sxvebi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg36 _ gamoZiebisas pasux�_ gamoZiebisas pasux�

ismgebelma pirebma ar Seagroves saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela mtkice�

buleba (tyvia), ris gamoc 27 eWvmitanilidan mxolod 10 iyo aRmoCenili.

saqmeSi _ ognianova da Cabani bulgareTis winaaRmdeg37 _ danaSaulis

adgili ar iqna adekvaturad daculi, raTa SesaZlebeli yofiliyo mt�

kicebulebebis dacva da xelSeuxeblad SenarCuneba, ramac mogvianebiT

SeuZlebeli gaxada gamoZiebisaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis mopoveba.

saqmeSi _ dundari TurqeTis winaaRmdeg38 _ ar Catarda SemTxvevis

adgilis saTanado daTvaliereba, Tumca arsebul angariSSi miTiTe�

buli iyo is faqti, rom pirovneba iyo mokluli sxva adgilas da misi

gvami mogvianebiT gadmoitanes ukve im SemTxvevis adgilas, sadac is

aRmoaCina policiam, mTavrobam ar warudgina evrosasamarTlos infor�

macia imis Sesaxeb, SemTxvevis adgilze Tu iyo Catarebuli saTanado

gamoZieba.39

saqmeSi _ dundari TurqeTis40 winaaRmdeg _ ar momxdara im adgilis

safuZvliani Semowmeba, sadac gvami iqna napovni. angariSSi miTiTebuli

iyo, rom mesuT dundari mokles sxva adgilas, xolo misi gvami Tavi�

dan moiSores iq, sadac mogvianebiT ipoves. miuxedavad amisa, mTavrobam

evropul sasamarTlos ar miawoda damadasturebeli informacia imis

Sesaxeb, rom adgili, sadac gvami ipoves, Semowmda fexis anabeWdebisa da

saburavis nakvalevis identifikaciisaTvis.

saqmeSi _ jenet aihani da mehmeT salih aihani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg41

_ sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom mkvlelobis adgilTan dakavSirebuli geg�

ma/Canaxazi sizustesa da detalebs iyo moklebuli, rameTu mkvlelobis

adgilis axlos mdebare yavaxana miTiTebuli ar yofila. amavdroulad,

sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli SeSfoTebiT aRniSna is faqti, rom mkvl�

elobis adgilis uSualo siaxloves mdebare yavaxanaSi myofi klientebi

gamomZieblebs ar daukiTxavT, aseve ar yofilan dakiTxulebi mkvlelo�

bis adgilTan axlos myofi pirebi.

36 Acar and others v. Turkey, ganacxadi N36088/97; 38417/97, judgment of 24 May 2005.37 Ognyanova and Choban v. Bulgaria, ganacxadi N46317/99, judgment of 23 February 2006. 38 Dundar v. Turkey, ganacxadi no. 26972/95 judgment of 20 September 2005.39 Tanrıkulu v. Turkey, ganacxadi N23763/94, judgment of 8 July 1999.40 Dundar v. Turkey ganacxadi no. 26972/95 judgment of 20 September 2005. 41 ganacxadi no. 41964/98, judgment of 27 June 2006.

76

besarion boxaSvili

saqmeze _ perki da sxvebi TurqeTis42 winaaRmdeg _ evropulma sa�

samarTlom ganacxada, rom damoukidebeli eqspertebis mier adgilis

saimedo gegmis momzadeba da/an danaSaulis adgilis rekonstruqcia

Sida sasamarTloebs saSualebas miscemda, moexdinaT movlenebis ufro

zusti rekonstruqcia, aseve aReqvaT is specifikuri safrTxe, romelic

policiis oficrebs emuqrebodaT.

saqmis _ ognianova da Cobani bulgareTis winaaRmdeg43 _ mixedviT,

savaraudod, stefanovi policiis Senobis fanjridan gadaagdes, ra�

mac misi sikvdili gamoiwvia. samarTaldamcavebma policiis mxolod is

TanamSromlebi dakiTxes, romelTac stefanovis fanjridan gadagdeba

edebodaT bralad, riTac saSualeba misces maT, uareyoT wayenebuli

braldeba. yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo Seusabamoba movlenaTa ganviTa�

rebis leitenantiseul (romelic warmodgenil iqna incidentis moxden�

idan maleve) da gakveTisa da manekenze Catarebuli testis Sedegebis

safuZvelze Sedgenil versiebs Soris. leitenantisTvis aravis uTxovia

axsna�ganmartebebis micema am SeusabamobebTan dakavSirebiT.

fataluri SemTxvevebis gamoZiebebisas xelisuflebis organoebi

valdebulni arian, srulyofilad ganaxorcielon qvemoT CamoTvlili

RonisZiebebi:

Caataron gakveTa, romelic uzrunvelyofs srul da swor infor�

macias dazianebis Sesaxeb da klinikuri daskvnebis obieqtur analizs,

sikvdilis mizezis CaTvliT.44 zemoT xsenebuli kenet aihanisa da mehmeT

salih aihanis saqmis mixedviT, sxeulis eqshumacia Catarda ori Ter�

apevtis mier, prokuroris TandaswrebiT. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom

sasamarTlo informaciis limitirebuli raodenoba mopovebul iqna

swored am gamokvlevis safuZvelze. sasamarTlom aRniSna: `samwuxaroa

is faqti, rom eqshumaciaSi ar Careula sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli

Sesabamisi eqsperti, ar Catarebula sruli gakveTa da ar momxdara gar�

dacvlilis sxeulisTvis fotoebis gadaReba.~

dundaris saqmeSi evropulma sasamarTlom uaryo adgilobrivi

samarTaldamcavebis mier erovnul doneze miRebuli daskvna, imasTan

dakavSirebiT, rom sikvdili gagudvam gamoiwvia. Sesabamisi samedicino

42 ganacxadi N50739/99, judgment of 28 March 2006.43 ganacxadi N46317/99, judgment of 23 February 2006. 44 Salman v. Turkey, ganacxadi N21986/93, judgment of 27 June 2006.

77


procedurebis gareSe gamotanili es daskvna sakmarisi aRmoCnda proku�

rorisa da eqimisaTvis, raTa mieCniaT, rom sruli gakveTa saWiro ar iyo.

aman sikvdilis mizezis gadasamowmeblad, sikvdilis drois dasadgenad

da mkvlelobis Camdenis (CamdenTa) Sesaxeb raime informaciis misaRebad

saWiro mtkicebulebebis mopovebis saSualeba mospo.

gamoZiebis swrafad da yovelgvari gaumarTlebeli dayovnebis gareSe

CatarebasTan dakavSirebul situaciebSi45 SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas dabrkole�SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas dabrkole�

bebi an sirTuleebi, romlebic gamoZiebis progress Seaferxebs. Tumca sa�

sikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis gamoZiebis procesSi samarTaldamcavi orga�

noebis mxridan swrafi reagireba mniSvnelovania, kanonis uzenaesobisadmi

sazogadoebis rwmenis SesanarCuneblad da arakanonieri qmedebebis Semw�

ynareblobis, an msgavs qmedebebTan Seguebis Tavidan asacileblad.

saqmeSi _ akari da sxvebi TurqeTis46 winaaRmdeg _ sasamarTlom ga�

nacxada: miuxedavad imisa, rom mkvlelobaSi braldebuli soflis ori

mcvelis (village guards) saqmeze sasamarTlo gamoZieba erovnul doneze

ar iyo damTavrebuli, sasamarTlo ar daeTanxma imas, rom 12 wlis Sem�

deg, winaswari gamoZiebis naklovanebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqmis war�

moeba gamoZiebis defeqtebis gamosworebas, kerZod, xelT arsebuli

samxilebis naTelyofasa da gaumjobesebas SeZlebda. amasTan, sasamarT�

lom ganacxada, rom balistikuri eqspertizis Catareba jerovnad ar

momxdara, radgan, sanam reSit akarisa da sabri akaris sxeulebidan

amoRebuli tyviebi laboratoriamde miaRwevda, isini daiJanga, rameTu

samxili adekvatur pirobebSi ar inaxeboda.

zemoxsenebul ognianovasa da Cabanis saqmeSi erT�erTi mTavari mowme

pirvelad danaSaulis Cadenidan erTi wlis Semdeg daikiTxa, danarCenebi

_ sam�naxevar weliwadze meti xnis Semdeg. gamoZieba TiTqmis xuT weli�

wads gagrZelda. am drois ganmavlobaSi samarTaldamcavebma dakiTxes

mxolod xuTi Tu eqvsi mowme, moiTxoves ori samedicino da erTi gakve�

Tis angariSi, Caatares ori inspeqcia da erTi cda manekenze. gamoZiebis

sxvadasxva etaps Soris didxniani pauza arsebobda. swored amitom sa�

samarTlom ganacxada, rom moxda adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa�

samarTlos meore muxlis proceduruli valdebulebebis darRveva.

45 Yaşa v. Turkey, ganacxadi N22495/93, judgment of 2 September 1998 par. 102-104; Tanrikulu v. Turkey, cited above, par. 109; and Mahmut Kaya v. Turkey, par. 106-107.

46 Acar and others v. Turkey, ganacxadi N36088/97 ; 38417/97, judgment of 24 May 2005.

78

besarion boxaSvili

imisaTvis, rom ar dairRves konvenciis meore muxli, gardacvlilis

axlo naTesavs neba unda mieces, monawileoba miiRos sikvdilis mizezis

dasadgen gamoZiebaSi. es valdebuleba sisxlis samarTlis sarCelis aR�

Zvris gareSec aris ZalaSi.

saqmeSi _ slimani safrangeTis winaaRmdeg47 _ mTavari problema iyo

is, rom sasamarTlom meore muxlis proceduruli mxaris darRveva aR�

moaCina, radgan axlo naTesavs uari eTqva saqmis masalebis gacnobaze da

ar ecnoba samarTalwarmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.

marTalia, axlo naTesavs SeeZlo, gamomZiebeli mosamarTlisTvis

moeTxova mkvlelobis braldebiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvra uc�

nobi pirebis winaaRmdeg, rac misTvis saqmis masalebis xelmisawvdomo�

bis garanti iqneboda, evropulma sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom aseTi

sakanonmdeblo da praqtikuli morigeba ewinaaRmdegeboda meore muxlis

moTxovnebs da amitom gamoZieba àraefeqtiani~ iyo.

10. me-3 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebi

sicocxlis uflebis msgavsad, pirovnuli xelSeuxeblobis uflebis inter�

pretacia evropuli sasamarTlos mier xdeba saxelmwifoebze pozitiuri mova�

leobebis dawesebiT, rac moicavs: Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis miRebas adamia�

nis wamebis, araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobisagan efeqtiani dacvis

mizniT, swrafi da efeqtiani gamoZiebis Catarebas arasaTanadod mopyrobis

SemTxvevebSi; aseve dakavebis adekvaturi pirobebis, sastikad mopyrobis Sem�

TxvevaSi samedicino daxmarebiTa da efeqtiani anazRaurebT uzrunvelyofas.

11. mesame mxaris (Drittwirkung) efeqti

e.w. `mesame mxaris efeqtis~ interpretacia evropulma sasamarTlom

moaxdina saqmeebSi: a. gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg48 da z. da sxvebi

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg.49 es interpretacia moicavs saxelm�es interpretacia moicavs saxelm�

47 ganacxadi N57671/00, judgment of 27 July 2004.48 ganacxadi N25599/94, judgment of 23 September 1998.49 ganacxadi N29392/95, judgment of 10 May 2001.

79


wifo mxaris pasuxismgeblobas, maTi sakanonmdeblo sistema da praqti�

ka ise iqnes mowyobili, rom pirovnebis piradi xelSeuxebloba daculi

iyos ara mxolod saxelmwifo moxeleTa qmedebebis, aramed kerZo pirTa

qmedebebisganac. saxelmwifom unda gadadgas yvela keTilgonivruli da

saWiro nabiji konvenciis mesame paragrafSi gaTvaliswinebuli mopyro�

bebisgan efeqtianad dacvis mizniT.

konvenciis xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoTa Sida sakanonmdeblo siste�

mam unda moaxdinos yvela im qmedebis kriminalizacia, romelic wamebis,

araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis akrZalvas ewinaaRmde�

geba, an maT efeqtian akrZalvas uqmnis barierebs. saqmeSi _ m.s. bulgar�

eTis winaaRmdeg,50 sadac sasamarTlom cno ganmcxadeblis pretenzia da

ganacxada, rom bulgareTis kanonmdebloba da praqtika efeqtian dacvas

ar uzrunvelyofda gaupatiurebisa da seqsualuri Zaladobis winaaRm�

deg (qmedebebi, romlebic evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT me�3

muxlis kompetenciaSi, kerZod wamebis cnebis qveS xvdeba51), riTac dair�

Rva saxelmwifoebis pozitiuri valdebuleba konvenciis me�3 muxlis

mixedviT, sakuTari iurisdiqciis farglebSi daecva pirovnebebi, maT

Soris arasaTanado mopyrobisgan.

erT�erT axal saqmeSi _ cekovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg52 _ ganmcxade�

belma ganacxada, rom tyviiT miyenebuli Wrilobis msxverpli iyo, ramac

misi sicocxle safrTxeSi Caagdo da es ar yofila àbsoluturad saWiro~

Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegi. sasamarTlom SeSfoTebiT aRniSna, rom ̀ erovnuli

policiis dadgenileba~ policiis TanamSromlebs pirovnebis dapatimrebi�

saTvis cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis uflebas aZlevs, imis ganurCev�

lad, savaraudod, Tu ra saxis danaSauli aqvs Cadenili am pirovnebas, an

ra safrTxes iwvevs is. am dadgenilebis ZaliT, Zalovnebs SeeZloT CaeTva�

laT, rom ufleba hqondaT esrolaT nebismieri gaqceulisaTvis, romelic

gafrTxilebis Semdeg ar gaCerdeboda. ubralo gafrTxileba, rogorc

Cans, sakmarisi aRmoCnda erovnuli sasamarTloebisaTvis, daedginaT, rom

iaraRi gamoyenebul iqna rogorc ùkanaskneli alternativa~. gamomdinare

iqidan, rom mosarCelis winaaRmdeg iaraRis gamoyenebas sasikvdilo Sedegi

ar mohyolia, evropulma sasamarTlom saqme ganixila konvenciis me�3 mux�

50 M.C. v. Bulgaria, ganacxadi N39272/98, judgment of 4 December 2003.51 Aydin v. Turkey, ganacxadi N23178/94, 28 June 1997.52 ganacxadi N45500/99, judgment of 23 February 2006.

80

besarion boxaSvili

liT. man daadgina, rom sakanonmdeblo CarCo, romelic mocemul dros

bulgareTSi Zalovnebis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebas areguli�

rebda, arasakmarisi iyo pirovnebis dasacavad maTi piradi xelSeuxeblobis

uflebis gaumarTlebeli darRvevebisgan. sazogadod, bulgareTma ver

SeZlo me�3 muxlis Tanaxmad Camoyalibebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebis

Sesruleba msgavsi kanondarRvevebis Tavidan asarideblad.

12. cixis pirobebi

pirovnebis dapatimreba da dakaveba yovelTvis iwvevs tanjvas.

RonisZiebebi, romlebic pirovnebas Tavisuflebas arTmevs, SesaZloa

Seicavdes aseT elements da es me�3 muxlis absolutur arss ar ewinaaR�

mdegeba. qmedeba im SemTxvevaSi arRvevs arasaTanado mopyrobis, wamebisa

da Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis akrZalvas, Tu igi scdeba tanjvisa

da damcirebis gardauvali elementis zRvars, romelic konkretul Sem�

TxvevaSi dadgenil kanonier mopyrobas, an sasjels ukavSirdeba.

Tavdapirvelad, evropuli sasamarTlo yoymanobda daedgina, rom

cixis pirobebi sadavo sakiTxi iyo konvenciis me�3 muxlis mixedviT.53

SemdgomSi adamianis uflebebis standartis zrdam da precedentuli

samarTlis ganviTarebam gavlena iqonia evropul sasamarTloze, dae�

dgina, rom pirovnebis mudmivi moTavseba pirobebSi, romelic saerTa�

Soriso standartebs arRvevs, SesaZloa arRvevdes me�3 muxlis debule�

bebs.54 dResdReobiT, sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis analizs

mivyavarT im daskvnamde, rom sasamarTlo ufro mkacri gaxda cixis pi�

robebis Sefasebisas da, miuxedavad ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa, konven�

ciis xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis mxridan iTxovs im pirobebis uzrun�

velyofas, romlebic evropul standartebs Seesabameba, moklevadiani

dakavebis SemTxvevaSic ki.55

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom patimrobis pirobebma SesaZloa gamoiwvios kon�

venciis me�3 muxlis debulebebis darRveva. konvenciis me�3 muxlTan

53 Krocher and Moller v. Switzerland,Commission report of 16 December 1982, DR 34.54 Dougoz v. Greece, ganacxadi N40907/98, judgment of 6 March 200; Kalashnikov v. Russia, ga�

nacxadi N47095/99, judgment of 15 July 2002.55 Kadikis v. Latvia (2), ganacxadi N62393/00, judgment of 4 May 2006.

81


dakavSirebuli precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo valde�

bulia, uzrunvelyos pirovnebis dakaveba iseT pirobebSi, rogoric mis

adamianur Rirsebas esadageba. zomebis miRebis manera da meTodi ar unda

ayenebdes am pirovnebas iseT tanjvasa da gasaWirs, romelic intensivo�

biT scdeba dakavebiT an dapatimrebiT adamianisaTvis miyenebuli tanj�

vis dones; da rom dakavebis praqtikuli moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

misi janmrTeloba da keTildReoba adekvaturad aris daculi.56

dakavebis pirobebis Sefasebisas sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs am piro�

bebis saerTo efeqtebs, aseve mosarCelis mier wayenebul kerZo bral�

debebs.57 am TvalsazrisiT, mTavari Temebi, romelzec evropul sa�

samarTlos uwevs muSaoba, aris: 1) iyo Tu ara sapatimro gadatvirTuli;

2) iyo Tu ara ganmcxadebeli uzrunvelyofili sakmarisi sakvebiTa da

samedicino daxmarebiT; 3) ganmcxadebels miuwvdeboda Tu ara xeli

daubrkoleblad sasmel wyalsa da tualetze; 4) aris Tu ara adekvaturi

ventilacia da ganaTeba; 5) ganmcxadebels hqonda Tu ara raime formiT

socialuri kontaqtis saSualeba da a.S.

èrT�erT axalganxilul saqmeSi _ kadikisi latviis winaaRmdeg58 _ sa�samarTlom aRniSna, rom saknis farTi, romelSic imyofeboda ganmcxade�

beli, 6 kvadratuli metri iyo.59 ufro metic, saknis naxevarze meti ekava

dasaZinebel adgils, Tavisufali moZraobisTvis darCenili teritoria

mxolod 2,5 kv.m iyo. radgan ganmcxadeblis iq yofnis periodSi sakanSi,

rogorc wesi, kidev oTxi an xuTi dakavebuli imyofeboda, TiToeul

pirovnebas daaxloebiT 1,2 _ 1,5 kv.m farTi, xolo mxolod Tavisufali

adgilis CaTvlis SemTxvevaSi 0,5 _ 0,6 kv.m farTi ergeboda. aseTi gadat�

virTva qmnida seriozul problemas, konvenciis me�3 muxlis mixedviT.

sasamarTlom aseve aRniSna, rom sakani bunebriv ganaTebas iyo mokle�

buli, imdenad, rom sakanSi myofni dRis Suqs ver xedavdnen. amas garda,

56 Kalashnikov v. Russia, ganacxadi N47095/99, judgment of 15 July 2002; Kudla v. Poland, ganacxadi N30210/96, judgment of 26 October 2000; Peers v. Greece, ganacxadi N 28524/95, judgment of 19 April 2001.

57 Dougoz v. Greece, ganacxadi N40907/98, judgment of 6 March 2001.58 ganacxadi N62393/00, judgment of 4 May 2006.59 xsenebulTan mimarTebiT, wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropuli komitetis mier dadgenili stan�

dartebis Tanaxmad, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki patimari ganmartoebiT imyofeba sakanSi, saknis farTi ar unda iyos 7 kvadratul metrze naklebi; im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu patimari sxva patimrebTan erTad imyofeba sakanSi, TiToeul patimarze, rogorc minimum, unda modiodes 4 kv. metri farTi.

82

besarion boxaSvili

Tumca sakanSi dakavebulTa didi raodenoba imyofeboda, ventilaciis

sistema saTanadod ar muSaobda da xSirad irTveboda. amasTan, dakave�

bulebs saknis gareT gasvlis saSualeba ar hqondaT, garda ramdenime

mokle vizitisa tualetsa da dasaban oTaxebSi. ganmcxadebels araTu

gareT gasvlis, sufTa haeris CasunTqvisa da fexebis gaSlis, aramed

gadatvirTuli saknidan gasvlis saSualebac ar hqonda. ufro metic, sa�

samarTlom miiCnia, rom xelisuflebis movaleoba, uzrunvelyos dakave�

bulTa janmrTeloba da zogadi keTildReoba, sxva pasuxismgeblobebT�

an erTad gulisxmobda dakavebulTa saTanadod kvebas, magram dakavebis

periodis ganmavlobaSi ganmcxadebeli dReSi mxolod erT rigian sakvebs

iRebda. dilisa da saRamos kvebis saSualeba ar iyo. miuxedavad imisa,

rom, mTavrobis gancxadebiT, dakavebulebs dRis ganmavlobaSi damate�

biT purs aZlevdnen, sasamarTlom es 15 dRisTvis sakmaris normad ar

miiCnia. amasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom dakavebulebs ufleba

ar hqondaT, mieRoT sakvebi garedan. da bolos, sasamarTlom aRniSna,

rom ar arsebobda sasmeli wyali da, zogadad, onkani ganmcxadeblis

sakanSi. aRmoCnda, rom mas wyalze xeli mxolod tualetsa da dasaban

oTaxSi vizitebisas miuwvdeboda, miuxedavad sicxisa, romlis Sesaxebac

ganmcxadebeli ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda. sabolood, sasamarTlom

daadgina, rom dakavebis periodSi ganmcxadebeli datusaRebuli iyo im

limitirebul adgilas, sadac arsebobda gadatvirTvis mniSvnelovani

problema, CaxuTuli atmosfero, ar iyo bunebrivi ganaTeba da, xSirad,

sufTa haeri; dasaban oTaxebsa da tualetebSi vizitebis garda, tusaRebs

ar hqondaT gareT gasvlis saSualeba. aseve, ar arsebobda sawoli, ris

gamoc ganmcxadebeli iZulebuli iyo, cariel ficrebze, tansacmlians,

daeZina, sxva dakavebulebTan erTad. ar iqna aRmoCenili mtkicebuleba

imisa, rom latviis xelisufleba ganmcxadebels mizanmimarTulad amci�

rebda da araadamianurad epyroboda; ganmcxadeblis dakaveba 15 dRis

ganmavlobaSi aseT pirobebSi Seuracxyofda pirovnebas da Tavs Rirse�

baSelaxulad da damcirebulad agrZnobinebda.

aucilebeli ar aris, kadikisis saqmeSi xsenebuli yvela es darRveva

erTdroulad momxdariyo. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom me�3 muxliT gaT�

valiswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebis darRveva daadginos, sakmari�

sia, dasabuTdes, magaliTad, xelisuflebis mxridan adekvaturi sakvebiT

momaragebis pasuxismgeblobis Seusrulebloba. erT�erTi axali saqmis _

83


moiseievsi latviis winaaRmdeg60 _ mixedviT, ganmcxadebels ar aZlevdnen

Sesabamis sakvebs da Semoifarglebodnen mxolod puris naWriT, xaxviTa

da gamxmari TevziT, im dReebSi, rodesac imarTeboda erovnul doneze

misi sasamarTlo procesebi da xdeboda Sesabamisi etapireba. evropis sa�

samarTlom aseTi sakvebi arasakmarisad CaTvala, gansakuTrebiT im faqtis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sasamarTlo mosmenebi ganmcxadebelze gaZliere�

buli fsiqologiuri daZabulobis efeqts axdenda. sasamarTlom, kerZod,

aRniSna, rom mas Semdeg, rac ganmcxadebelma saCivari waradgina, rigis

saolqo sasamarTlos teritoriaze yofnis dros mas da sxva gansasjelebs

sakvebis raodenoba gauzardes. xelisuflebam gaacnobiera, rom sakvebis

miwodebuli raodenoba arasakmarisi iyo. aseve, rogorc sasamarTlom

aRniSna, mTavrobam ar uaryo ganmcxadeblis gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom

ramdenjerme cixeSi dabrunebisas, saRamos, mas mxolod purs aZlevdnen

mTliani sadilis nacvlad. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom daaskvna,

rom ganmcxadebels xSirad tanjavda SimSili sasamarTlo mosmenis dRee�

bis dros da es àraadamianuri mopyroba~ iyo.

analogiurad, saqmidan _ mamedova ruseTis winaaRmdeg61 _ mxolod is

faqti, rom ganmcxadebeli moaTavses antisanitariul da patimrebiT ga�

datvirTul sakanSi, sakmarisi aRmoCnda evropuli sasamarTlosTvis kon�

venciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis dasadgenad. rogorc sasamarTlom gaixsena,

ruseTis moqmedma mTavrobam moaxdina penitenciaruli sistemis organi�

zeba ise, rom, finansuri da lojistikuri sirTuleebis miuxedavad, daka�

vebulTa Rirseba ar Selaxuliyo. sasamarTlos mosazrebiT, is faqti, rom

mosarCele iZulebuli gaxda, ecxovra, daeZina da tualetiT esargebla

erTsa da imave sakanSi, sxva danarCen patimrebTan erTad, sakmarisi iyo

gamoewvia tanjva da gasaWiri, rac intensivobiT scdeba miyenebuli tan�

jvis Tavidan aucilebel im dones, romelsac dakaveba gulisxmobs, aseve

gamoewvia SiSis, tkivilisa da daqvemdebarebulobis grZnoba, rac gansasje�

lis Seuracxyofisa da damcirebisTvis sakmarisia.

60 Moysejevs v. Latvia, ganacxadi #64846/01, 2006 wlis 15 ivnisis gadawyvetileba.61 ganacxadi N7064/05, judgment of 1 June 2006.

84

besarion boxaSvili

13. samedicino daxmareba

`janmrTelobaze zrunvis araadekvaturma donem SesaZloa swrafad

Seqmnas situacia, romelic àraadamianuri da Rirsebis Semlaxveli

mopyrobis~ terminis farglebSi xvdeba.62“saxelmwifoebs akisriaT TiTqmis absoluturi movaleoba, izrunon

maTi meTvalyureobis qveS myof pirTa janmrTelobaze.63 samwuxarod,

aRniSnuli valdebulebis arasaTandod ganxorcielebasTan dakavSire�

biT sasamarTlom ramdenime gadawyvetileba gamoitana 2009 wels saqa�

rTvelos winaaRmdeg. saqmeSi _ poRosiani saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

sasamarTlom pirdapir ganacxada: `mxedvelobaSi iqna ra strasburgis

sasamarTlos warmoebaSi arsebuli daaxloebiT 40�mde ganacxadi saqa�

rTvelos winaaRmdeg, romlebic ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos sapatimro

dawesebulebebSi arasaTanado samedicino mkurnalobas, sasamarTlom

daadgina, rom saxezea sistemuri problema, romelic ukavSirdeba cix�

eebSi arsebul patimrebTan, da gansakuTrebiT ki hepatitiT daavadebul

patimrebTan mimarTebaSi, arasaTanado samedicino momsaxurebis aRmoCe�

nas. ... aRniSnuli ki warmoadgens saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis dama�

mZimebel garemoebas ... sasamarTlo konvenciis 46�e muxlis Sesabamisad

moiTxovs mTavrobisagan sakanonmdeblo da praqtikuli nabijebis ga�

dadgmas xsenebuli problemis mosagvareblad.~

saqmeSi _ hurtado Sveicariis winaaRmdeg,64 romelic sabolood me�romelic sabolood me�

gobruli morigebiT dasrulda, adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam

aRiniSna konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRveva, radgan mosarCeles adekva�

turi samedicino Semowmebis saSualeba ar mieca; kerZod, samarTaldam�

cavebma SviddRiani dakavebis dros gansasjels rentgenis gadaRebis

neba ar misces. Semdgomma Semowmebam aCvena, rom mosarCeles neknis wina

rkali hqonda motexili, rac mwvave tkivilebs iwvevda.

62 wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropuli komitetis me�3 zogadi komentari (3rd General Report [CPT/Inf (93) 12]).

63 xsenebulis sawinaaRmdegod SeiZleba gavixsenoT jalohis saqme germaniis winaaRmdeg (Jal-loh v. Germany), ganacxadi N54810/00, romelSic sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom dakavebuli pirisaTvis misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod iseTi preparatis micema, romelic iwvevda Rebinebas, iyo RirsebisSemlaxveli mopyroba.

64 ganacxadi No.17549/90.

85


arasakmarisi adekvaturi samedicino mkurnaloba dadginda saqmeSi _

kinani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg,65 romelic sulierad avad�romelic sulierad avad�

myof pirovnebas exeboda. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom dazaralebulis

segregacia sxva patimrebisgan, da is faqti, rom b�n kinans ar mieca

fsiqiatrTan misvlis saSualeba, aseve samedicino Canawerebis nakleboba

arRvevda konvenciis me�3 muxls.

uaxles saqmeebSi sasamarTlos ar gadauxvevia miTiTebul saqmeebSi ga�

motanili daskvnebisagan. saqmis _ popovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg66 _ mixedviT,

ganmcxadebeli winaswari dakavebis sakanSi, SIZO 77/1, moskovSi imyofebo�

da. samedicino ganyofilebaSi urCies, konsultaciebi gaevlo urologTan

janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT da kistoskopia Caetarebina.

Semowmeba ramdenjerme daigegma, magram ar Catarebula, radgan adminis�

traciis mier samedicino Semowmebebi iniSneboda swored im dReebSi, rode�

sac ganmcxadebeli unda daswreboda sasamarTlos mosmenebs. warmodgeni�

li samedicino dokumentebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom

ganmcxadeblisaTvis saWiro samedicino zedamxedvelobis minimumi moicav�

da regularul Semowmebebs urologis mier da kistoskopias, sul mcire,

weliwadSi erTxel. Tumca arc erTi maTgani ganmcxadeblis dakavebis pe�

riodSi (weliwadi da cxra Tve) ar ganxorcielebula. swored amitom sa�

samarTlom CaTvala, rom ganmcxadebels misi mdgomareobisaTvis saWiro

samedicino daxmareba ar aRmouCines. sasamarTlom aRniSna: ganmcxadebel�

ma icoda, rom kibos Semdgomi ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi diagnozis dasmis

nebismier dayovnebas fataluri Sedegebi eqneboda da saqmes verc qirur�

giuli Careva gamoasworebda. sasamarTlos mosazrebiT, amas unda gamoewvia

SfoTva da mRelvareba patimris mxridan, rameTu man icoda, rom ultrab�

geriTi skanirebiT prostataSi neoplazmi aRmouCines, magram kvalificire�

bul specialists daskvniTi diagnozisTvis ver mimarTavda.

saqmis _ rivieri safrangeTis winaaRmdeg67 _ mixedviT, mosarCelem

miiRo fsiqiatriuli da fsiqologiuri daxmareba val�de�ruilis cixeSi

yofnis periodSi. amasTan, is orjer ZaliT iqna miyvanili saavadmyo�

foSi; riomis cixeSi yofnis pirvelive dRidan mosarCele fsiqiatrs

TveSi erTxel naxulobs da fsiqiatriul kurss kviraSi erTxel gadis.

65 Judgment of 3 April 2001, ganacxadi No27229/95.66 ganacxadi N26853/04, judgment of 13 July 2006.67 ganacxadi N33834/03, judgment of 11 July 2006.

86

besarion boxaSvili

sasamarTlosTvis cnobili iyo, rom am situaciaSi cixis zedamxedvelo�

ba pasiuri ar yofila da cdilobda, samedicino TvalsazrisiT, mosar�

CelisaTvis fsiqikuri moSlilobis mdgomareoba Seemsubuqebina. miuxe�

davad amisa, sasamarTlom daadgina konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRveva,

`kriminaluri proceduris kodeqsis~ mixedviT, romliTac fsiqikuri

moSlilobis mqone patimrebis gaCereba Cveulebriv cixeSi ar SeiZleba.

isini saavadmyofoSi unda iqnnen gadayvanilni. sasamarTlom aRniSna,

rom patimrebi, romelTac seriozuli sulieri moSliloba da TviTmkv�

lelobis tendenciebi aReniSnebaT, maTi mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT,

specialur RonisZiebebs moiTxoven, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ramdenad

seriozuli danaSaulisTvis arian msjavrdebulebi. aseT viTarebaSi sa�

samarTlom miiCnia, rom uwyvet patimrobaSi yofna, misi mdgomareobis

Sesaferisi samedicino zedamxedvelobis gareSe, ganmcxadebels ayenebda

gansakuTrebiT mwvave tanjvas, rac intensivobiT scdeboda tanjvisa da

damcirebis patimrisaTvis gardauval zRvars. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom

daaskvna, rom mosarCele arahumanur da damamcirebel mopyrobas ganic�arahumanur da damamcirebel mopyrobas ganic�da damamcirebel mopyrobas ganic�

dida aseT pirobebSi uwyvet patimrobaSi yofnis gamo.

saqmis _ melniki ukrainis winaaRmdeg68 _ mixedviT sasamarTlom aRniS�

na, rom ganmcxadebelma janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis

Sesaxeb ganacxada, magram tuberkulozi mxolod or�naxevari Tvis Sem�

deg aRmouCines. sasamarTlom aseve daadgina, rom orma arasworma di�

agnozma daadastura ganmcxadeblis sarCeli araadekvaturi samedicino

daxmarebis, diagnozis gvian dasmis, Taobaze da aseve imis Sesaxeb, rom

ar moxda avadmyofis izolireba, adekvaturi da drouli mkurnaloba.

amas garda, gadayvanis dros mas ar Cautarda tuberkuloziT daavadeb�

ulTaTvis savaldebulo Semowmeba. yvela zemoT CamoTvlili safuZvlad

daedo sasamarTlos daskvnas imis Taobaze, rom daavadebis simZimisa da

janmrTelobaze misi gavlenis gaTvaliswinebiT, mosarCele ar uzrunve�

lyves adekvaturi da drouli samedicino daxmarebiT.

68 ganacxadi N72286, judgment of 28 March 2006.

87


14. daskvna

sicocxlis uflebasa da wamebis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebuli pozi�

tiuri valdebulebebis zusti samarTlebrivi definiciis ararseboba

samarTlebrivad savaldebulo saerTaSoriso aqtebSi aranairad ar am�

arTlebs saxelmwifoebis mier im Sesabamisi moqmedebisagan Tavis Sekave�

bas, romlebic, marTalia, samarTlebriv aqtebSi ar aris naTlad moxse�

niebuli, magram maTi ganxorcieleba uzrunvelyofs individebis mier am

uflebebiT efeqtianad sargeblobas. rogorc evropulma sasamarTlom

ganacxada, pozitiuri valdebulebebi ar aris Sedegze orientirebuli,

aramed isini gulisxmoben saxelmwifoebis mxridan mocemul situaciaSi

maqsimumis gakeTebas, raTa efeqtianad da jerovnad iyos daculi ufle�

bebi. ganxiluli uflebebis fundamenturi xasiaTi ganapirobebs swored

pozitiur valdebulebaTa farTo speqtrs, romelTa ganxorcielebac

sasamarTlom mniSvnelovnad miiCnia uflebebiT jerovnad sargeblobi�

saTvis. saxelmwifoebma mudmivad unda gaiTvaliswinon is faqti, rom

miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra pozitiuri valdebulebebia naTlad gansaz�

Rvruli precedentuli samarTliT, maTi CamonaTvali amomwuravi ar

aris da adamianis uflebebis standartebis zrdasTan erTad saxelmwi�

foebis pozitiur valdebulebaTa siac SesaZloa gaizardos.

88

normaTa ierarqia da adamianis uflebebi

gaga gabriCiZe

1. Sesavali

mas Semdeg, rac saxelmwifo adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Tavisu�Tavisu�

flebaTa evropul konvencias SeurTdeba da igi misTvis ZalaSi Seva,

konvencia am konkretuli saxelmwifosTvis, garkveulwilad, xdeba ada�

mianis uflebebis Sinaarsisa da farglebis ganmsazRvreli `paraleluri

konstitucia.1 rogorc saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi dokumenti, igi

gansazRvrul adgils ikavebs saxelmwifos normaTa ierarqiaSi da, miuxe�

davad misi adgilisa, saxelmwifos misi dacvis saerTaSorisosamarT�

lebrivi valdebuleba aqvs. rogorc wesi, konvenciis normebis ZiriTadi

`konkurenti~ erovnuli konstituciaa, Tumca evropuli gaerTianebis

wevr qveynebSi maT potenciurad SeiZleba am qveynebis mier evropuli

gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebuli valdebulebebic daupirispirdnen.

am SemTxvevaSi konkretuli saxelmwifo SeiZleba dadges arCevanis

winaSe _ Seasrulos adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa ev�

ropuli konvenciidan gamomdinare valdebuleba da amiT daarRvios ev�

ropuli gaerTianebis samarTali, an kidev piriqiT. swored am sakiTxis

ganxilvas isaxavs miznad winamdebare statia.

1 ix.: Uerpmann, Robert, Völkerrechtliche Nebenverfassungen, in: Armin von Bogdandy (Hrsg.), Eu-ropäisches Verfassungsrecht, Berlin, 2003, gv. 339; strasburgis sasamarTlo mis 1995 wlis 23 martis gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze _ „Loizidou“ _ adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Tavisufle�baTa konvencias „evropuli samarTalwesrigis konstituciur instruments“ uwodebs.

89


2. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis adgili normaTa ierarqiaSi

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis

pirveli muxlis mixedviT, konvenciis mxare saxelmwifoebi valdebulni ari�

an, uzrunvelyon TavianTi iurisdiqciis qveS myofi pirebis uflebebisa da

Tavisuflebebis dacva. Tumca konvencia saxelmwifoebs uflebas utovebs,

TviTon gansazRvron is reJimi, Tu ra saSualebiT da formiT Seasruleben

isini am saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv valdebulebas. Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva

saxelmwifoSi adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli

konvenciis statusi da adgili normaTa ierarqiaSi sxvadasxvaa. miuxedavad

imisa, rom Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi valdebuleba ar arsebobs, konvenciis

mxare saxelmwifoebma moaxdines misi inkorporireba Sidasaxelmwifoebriv

samarTalSi. TiToeul qveyanaSi konvenciis adgili normaTa ierarqiaSi gan�

isazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu ra adgili ukavia zogadad saerTaSoriso

xelSekrulebebs erovnuli samarTalwesrigis piramidul modelSi.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad

TavisuflebaTa evropul konvencias kanonebTan mimarTebiT primati

aqvs konvenciis xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis umravlesobaSi (central�xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis umravlesobaSi (central� saxelmwifoebis umravlesobaSi (central�

uri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebi, belgia, safrangeTi, espaneTi, lix�lix�

tenStaini, portugalia, luqsemburgi, Sveicaria, saberZneTi, malta da

kviprosi). ufro metic, mas avstriaSi konstituciis rangi aqvs, nider� ufro metic, mas avstriaSi konstituciis rangi aqvs, nider�nider�

landebSi ki is konstituciaze maRla dgas. gansxvavebuli mdgomareo� ki is konstituciaze maRla dgas. gansxvavebuli mdgomareo�

baa germaniaSi, italiaSi, san�marinosa da oTx skandinaviur qveyanaSi,

sadac konvencias, iseve rogorc sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs,

Cveulebrivi kanonis rangi aqvT.2

bunebrivia, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropu�TavisuflebaTa evropu� evropu�

li konvencia saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi xelSekrulebaa da is saxelm�

2 garkveulwilad, kanonis rangis mqoned unda CaiTvalos adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa konvenciis mdgomareoba did britaneTSi, sadac konvenciis inkorpora�cia 1999 wels moxda adamianis uflebebis aqtiT. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Tavi�suflebaTa konvenciis statusis Sesaxeb calkeul qveynebSi ix.: Grabenwarter, Christoph, Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention, München 2008. 15; Blackburn, Robert, Polakiewicz, Jörg (eds.), Fundamental Rights in Europe. The European Convention on Human Rights and its Member States, Oxford, 2001.

90

gaga gabriCiZe

wifom unda Seasrulos, miuxedavad imisa, Tu sad ganusazRvravs adgils

ierarqiaSi saerTaSoriso samarTals Sesabamisi konstitucia.

3. evropuli samarTlis adgili normaTa ierarqiaSi

evropuli gaerTianebis samarTals adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad

TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, Sidasaxelmwifoe� evropuli konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, Sidasaxelmwifoe�evropuli konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, Sidasaxelmwifoe� konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, Sidasaxelmwifoe�konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, Sidasaxelmwifoe� gansxvavebiT, Sidasaxelmwifoe�gansxvavebiT, Sidasaxelmwifoe�Sidasaxelmwifoe�

briv samarTalTan mimarTebiT pretenzia aqvs primatze.

evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlom Tavis 1964 wlis 15 ivlisis

gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze _ Costa/Enel3 _ Tavisi damokidebuleba gamoxata

gaerTianebis samarTlisa da erovnuli samarTlis urTierTdamokideb� samarTlisa da erovnuli samarTlis urTierTdamokideb�samarTlisa da erovnuli samarTlis urTierTdamokideb� da erovnuli samarTlis urTierTdamokideb�da erovnuli samarTlis urTierTdamokideb� erovnuli samarTlis urTierTdamokideb�erovnuli samarTlis urTierTdamokideb� samarTlis urTierTdamokideb�samarTlis urTierTdamokideb� urTierTdamokideb�urTierTdamokideb�

ulebis sakiTxis Taobaze da am gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi� sakiTxis Taobaze da am gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi�sakiTxis Taobaze da am gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi� Taobaze da am gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi�Taobaze da am gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi� da am gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi�da am gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi� gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi�gadawyvetilebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRi� erTmniSvnelovnad aRi�erTmniSvnelovnad aRi� aRi�aRi�

ara evropuli gaerTianebis primati.

evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlos Semdgom gadawyvetilebebSic

gamyarebul iqna gaerTianebis samarTlis upiratesi mdgomareoba da misi

derogatoruli damokidebuleba erovnuli samarTlis mimarT. amasTan,

naTeli gaxda, rom uSualod moqmedi gaerTianebis samarTals erovnuli

samarTlis normasTan mimarTebiT ufro maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda� normasTan mimarTebiT ufro maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda�normasTan mimarTebiT ufro maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda� mimarTebiT ufro maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda�mimarTebiT ufro maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda� ufro maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda�ufro maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda� maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda�maRali rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda� rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda�rangi aqvs, imis miuxeda� imis miuxeda�imis miuxeda� miuxeda�miuxeda�

vad, Tu romel safexurze dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar� Tu romel safexurze dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar�Tu romel safexurze dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar� romel safexurze dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar�romel safexurze dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar� safexurze dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar�safexurze dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar� dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar�dgas es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar� es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar�es ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar� ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar�ukanaskneli wevri saxelmwifos samar� wevri saxelmwifos samar�wevri saxelmwifos samar� saxelmwifos samar�saxelmwifos samar� samar�samar�

Tlis sistemaSi.4 erovnuli sasamarTloebis sasamarTlo gadawyvetile�erovnuli sasamarTloebis sasamarTlo gadawyvetile� sasamarTloebis sasamarTlo gadawyvetile�sasamarTloebis sasamarTlo gadawyvetile� sasamarTlo gadawyvetile�sasamarTlo gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

bebSic TiTqmis upirobod iqna gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa� TiTqmis upirobod iqna gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa�TiTqmis upirobod iqna gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa� upirobod iqna gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa�upirobod iqna gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa� iqna gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa�iqna gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa� gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa�gaziarebuli evropuli gaerTianebis sa� evropuli gaerTianebis sa�evropuli gaerTianebis sa� gaerTianebis sa�gaerTianebis sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos mosazreba gaerTianebis samarTlis gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis

Sesaxeb, romelsac konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi erovnuli samarTlis mimarT

primati aqvs.5 Sesabamisad, Tuki evropuli samarTali konstituciebze

maRla dgas, maSin igi unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad� dgas, maSin igi unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad�dgas, maSin igi unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad� maSin igi unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad�maSin igi unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad� igi unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad�igi unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad� unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad�unda Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad� Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad�Sesruldes, Tundac igi konstituciiT dad� Tundac igi konstituciiT dad�Tundac igi konstituciiT dad� igi konstituciiT dad�igi konstituciiT dad� konstituciiT dad�konstituciiT dad� dad�dad�

3 evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlos 1964 wlis 15 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ „Costa/E.N.E.L.~,6/64.

4 gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze _ Simmenthal II (106/77) _ evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlo asabuTebs gaerTianebis samarTlis upirates Zalas erovnul konstituciebTan mimarTebiT.

5 Sead.: franguli Counseil d’Etat-is 1989 wlis 20 oqtombris gadawyvetileba Nicolo, Conseil Constitutionnel; 1992 wlis 9 aprilis gadawyvetileba Maastrich; italiis sakonstitucio sa�samarTlos 1973 wlis 27 dekembris gadawyvetileba; belgiuri Cour de Cassation-is 1971 wlis 27 maisis gadawyvetileba Le Ski. did britaneTSic ki, sadac evropuli gaerTianebis samarTlis primats parlamentis suverenitetis xelyofad aRiqvamdnen, lordTa palatis 1980 wlis 27 martis gadawyvetilebiT saqmeze _ Derby&Henn _ SeuzRudavad iqna aRiare�buli evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlos interpretaciis primati.

91


genil adamianis uflebebs an kidev saxelmwifos mier sxva saerTaSoriso

xelSekrulebis farglebSi aRebul valdebulebebs ewinaaRmdegebodes.

4. evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlosa da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos urTierTdamokidebuleba

didi xania, rac evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlo adamianis uflebaTa

da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropul konvencias gaerTianebis dauwereli

ZiriTadi uflebebis farglebisa da Sinaarsis dadgenisas damxmare wyarod

ganixilavs.6 misi daxmarebiT, da imavdroulad gaerTianebis interesebis gaT�

valiswinebiT, evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlo ayalibebs evropuli gaer�

Tianebis ZiriTadi uflebebis Sinaarss. es praqtika SemdgomSi evropuli ka�

vSiris xelSekrulebis me�6 muxlis meore abzacSic aisaxa, romlis mixedviT,

`kavSiri pativs scems im ZiriTad uflebebs, romlebic 1950 wlis 4 noembers

romSi xelmoweril adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis

Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciiT arian garantirebuli da romlebic wevr saxelm�wevr saxelm�saxelm�

wifoTaTvis saerTo sakonstitucio tradiciebidan, rogorc gaerTianebis

samarTlis sayovelTao principebi, gamomdinareoben.~ marTalia, konvenciis

normebi damxmare wyarod gamoiyeneba, magram evropuli gaerTianebis organoe�

bis aqtebis kontroli konvenciis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli ar aris.

rac Seexeba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos damokideb�

ulebas evropuli gaerTianebis samarTlis mimarT, misi poziciis dad�

gena SesaZlebelia ramdenime gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze.

gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze _ C. Melchers & Co v. Germany7 _ adamianis

uflebaTa evropulma komisiam pirvel rigSi aRniSna, rom konvenciis

mxare saxelmwifoebis is aqtebi, romlebic sxva saerTaSoriso valdeb�

ulebebis Sesrulebas emsaxurebian, aseve eqvemdebarebian komisiis kon�

trols. Tumca aqve man dasZina, rom igi uars ambobs am aqtebis kon�

trolze, vidre gaerTianebis farglebSi ZiriTadi uflebebis dacva

efeqtianad da konvenciis ekvivalenturad xorcieldeba.

6 ZiriTadi uflebebis Sesaxeb mravalricxovan gadawyvetilebebze detalurad ix.: Kokott, Juliane, Der Grundrechtsrechtsschutz im Europäischen Gemeinschaftsrecht, AöR, 1996, gv. 599.

7 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiis 1990 wlis 9 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ C. Melchers & Co v. Germany, No13258/87.

92

gaga gabriCiZe

gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze _ Cantoni v France8 _ adamianis uflebaTa ev�

ropulma sasamarTlom kidev erTxel aRniSna, rom igi Tavis Tavs kompe�

tenturad Tvlis konvenciis mxare saxelmwifos im aqtebTan mimarTebiT,

romlebic evropuli gaerTianebis aqtebis implementaciis dokumentebs

warmoadgenen. Sesabamisad, igi am gziT arapirdapir kontrols axorcie�

lebs gaerTianebis samarTlis aqtebTan mimarTebiT.9

gadawyvetilebaSi _ Matthews v United Kingdom10 _ adamianis uflebaTa

evropulma sasamarTlom Tavisi pozicia daafiqsira TviT gaerTianebis

aqtebis Semowmebis SesaZleblobasTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, man erTm�

niSvnelovnad ganacxada, rom evropuli gaerTianebis aqtebis Semowmeba

konvenciasTan Sesabamisobaze ar aris SesaZlebeli, radgan gaerTianeba

konvenciis mxare ar aris.

Tumca rogorc imave gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarTlom aRniSna, is faq�

ti, rom konvenciis mxare saxelmwifom gadasca Tavisi kompetenciebis

nawili evropul gaerTianebas, mas ar aTavisuflebs konvenciis farg�

lebSi aRebuli valdebulebebisgan. 11

gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze _ Bosphorus12 _ adamianis uflebaTa evro�

pulma sasamarTlom daadastura Tavisi pozicia imis Sesaxeb, rom kon�

venciis mxare saxelmwifoebi asruleben konvenciidan gamomdinare val�

debulebebs, vidre saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi ZiriTadi uflebebis

dacva, rogorc minimum, konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili dacvis ekvivalen�

turad xorcieldeba.13

8 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1996 wlis 15 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ Cantoni v. France, No17862/91, para 30.

9 ufro metic, aRniSnul gadawyvetilebaSi saqme exeboda erovnuli samarTlis normas, ro�melic TiTqmis sityvasityviT imeorebda evropuli gaerTianebis erT�erT direqtivas.

10 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1999 wlis 18 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saq�meze _ Matthews v. United Kingdom, No24833/94, para 32.

11 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1999 wlis 18 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saq�meze _ Matthews v. United Kingdom, No24833/94, para 32.

12 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 30 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ Bosphorus v. Ireland, No45036/98.

13 Sead.: Gaja, Giorgio, The Review by the European Court of Human Rights of Member States’ Acts Implementing European Union Law: „Solange“ Yet Again?, Festschrift für Christian Tomushat, 2006, gv. 517; Haratsch, Andreas, Die Solange-Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshof für Men-schenrechte – Das Kooperationsverhältnis zwischen EGMR und EuGH, ZaöRV 2006, gv .927; Oeter, Stefan, Rechtsprechungskonkurenz zwischen nationalen Verfassungsgerichten, Europäischem Geri-chtshof und Europäischem Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, Bundesstaat und Europäische Union zwischen Konflikt und Kooperation, VVDStRL 66 (2007), gv. 361.

93


bunebrivia, rodesac arsebobs ori saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo,

romelTa kompetenciac, Tundac nawilobriv, erTmaneTs faravs, arse�

bobs erTsa da imave sakiTxze urTierTsawinaaRmdego interpretaciis

SesaZlebloba, rac praqtikaSic povebs gamovlinebas.

magaliTad, azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoCnda sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, Tu

ramdenad moicavs adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa ev�TavisuflebaTa ev� ev�

ropuli konvenciis me�8 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli piradi da ojaxuri

cxovrebis ufleba profesiul saqmianobas da profesiuli saqmianobisT�

vis gankuTvnil farTs. evropuli gaerTianebis pirveli instanciis sa�

samarTlo aRniSnul sakiTxTan mimarTebiT strasburgis sasamarTlosTan

SedarebiT ufro viwro interpretacias akeTebda.14 Tumca, ramdenime

wlis Semdeg miRebul erT�erT gadawyvetilebaSi evropuli gaerTianebis

sasamarTlom strasburgis sasamarTlos interpretacia gaiziara.15

5. saxelmwifoebis winaSe mdgari dilema

Tuki saxezea konfliqti gaerTianebis samarTlis normasa da adamia� saxezea konfliqti gaerTianebis samarTlis normasa da adamia�saxezea konfliqti gaerTianebis samarTlis normasa da adamia� konfliqti gaerTianebis samarTlis normasa da adamia�konfliqti gaerTianebis samarTlis normasa da adamia� gaerTianebis samarTlis normasa da adamia�gaerTianebis samarTlis normasa da adamia� samarTlis normasa da adamia�samarTlis normasa da adamia� normasa da adamia�normasa da adamia� da adamia�da adamia� adamia�adamia�

nis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor� uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor�uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor� da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor�da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor� ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor�ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor� TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor�TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis nor� evropuli konvenciis nor�evropuli konvenciis nor� konvenciis nor�konvenciis nor� nor�nor�

mas Soris an adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosa da evropuli

gaerTianebis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs Soris, maSin saxelmwifoe� sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs Soris, maSin saxelmwifoe�sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs Soris, maSin saxelmwifoe� gadawyvetilebebs Soris, maSin saxelmwifoe�gadawyvetilebebs Soris, maSin saxelmwifoe� Soris, maSin saxelmwifoe�Soris, maSin saxelmwifoe� maSin saxelmwifoe�maSin saxelmwifoe� saxelmwifoe�saxelmwifoe�

bis winaSe dgas dilema _ daicvan an gaerTianebis samarTlis primatis

principi, an konvenciidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune� an konvenciidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune�an konvenciidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune� konvenciidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune�konvenciidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune� gamomdinare valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune�gamomdinare valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune� valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune�valdebulebebi. amasTan, bune� amasTan, bune�amasTan, bune� bune�bune�

brivia, erTi valdebulebis Sesruleba meore valdebulebis darRvevis

xarjzea mxolod SesaZlebeli.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, adamianis uflebaTa evro� samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, adamianis uflebaTa evro�samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, adamianis uflebaTa evro� TvalsazrisiT, adamianis uflebaTa evro�TvalsazrisiT, adamianis uflebaTa evro� adamianis uflebaTa evro�adamianis uflebaTa evro� uflebaTa evro�uflebaTa evro� evro�evro�

puli sasamarTlos pozicia legitimuria. saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi

gawevrianebis gamo saxelmwifo ver gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga� gamo saxelmwifo ver gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga�gamo saxelmwifo ver gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga� saxelmwifo ver gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga�saxelmwifo ver gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga� ver gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga�ver gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga� gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga�gaTavisufldeba mis mier am orga� mis mier am orga�mis mier am orga� mier am orga�mier am orga� am orga�am orga� orga�orga�

14 mag. ix. evropuli gaerTianebis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos 1999 wlis 20 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij v. Commission, T-305/94.

15 evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlos 2002 wlis 22 oqtombris gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ Roquette, C-94-00; potenciuri konfliqturi interpretaciis gadawyvetilebebis CamonaT�vali ix.: Gebauer, Katharina, Parallele Grund- und Menschenrechtsschutzsysteme in Europa? Ein Vergleich der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention und des Straßburger Gerichtshofs mit dem Grundrechtsschutz in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft und dem Luxemburger Gerichtshof, Berlin, 2007, gv. 299; Craig, Paul, De Búrca, Gráinne, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials, Fourth edition, Oxford, 2008, gv. 425.

94

gaga gabriCiZe

nizaciaSi gawevrianebamde aRebuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi val� gawevrianebamde aRebuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi val�gawevrianebamde aRebuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi val� aRebuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi val�aRebuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi val� saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi val�saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi val� val�val�

debulebebisagan. saxelmwifo, marTalia, Tavisi suverenitetis nawils

gadascems saerTaSoriso organizacias, Tumca ara pasuxismgeblobas mis

mier aRebuli sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi valdebulebebis Ses� aRebuli sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi valdebulebebis Ses�aRebuli sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi valdebulebebis Ses� sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi valdebulebebis Ses�sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi valdebulebebis Ses� saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi valdebulebebis Ses�saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi valdebulebebis Ses� valdebulebebis Ses�valdebulebebis Ses� Ses�Ses�

rulebaze.16 bunebrivia, saerTaSoriso samarTali ar ganasxvavebs saxelmwifos mier

evropuli gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebul valdebulebas konvenciidan

gamomdinare valdebulebisagan. misTvis gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebu� valdebulebisagan. misTvis gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebu�valdebulebisagan. misTvis gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebu� misTvis gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebu�misTvis gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebu� gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebu�gaerTianebis farglebSi aRebu� farglebSi aRebu�farglebSi aRebu� aRebu�aRebu�

li valdebuleba upiratesi Zalis mqone ar aris konvenciis normebTan

mimarTebiT. saerTaSoriso samarTali saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebidan

gamomdinare valdebulebebis konkurencias, erTi mxriv, erTsa da imave

xelSemkvrel mxareebs Soris erTsa da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek� mxareebs Soris erTsa da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek�mxareebs Soris erTsa da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek� Soris erTsa da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek�Soris erTsa da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek� erTsa da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek�erTsa da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek� da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek�da imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek� imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek�imave sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek� sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek�sakiTxze dadebuli xelSek� dadebuli xelSek�dadebuli xelSek� xelSek�xelSek�

rulebebis SemTxvevaSi lex posterior derogat legi priori�is principis Sesabam� Sesabam�Sesabam�

isad aregulirebs, meore mxriv ki, sxvadasxva xelSemkvreli mxaris mier

dadebuli xelSekrulebebis SemTxvevaSi rangs ar cnobs.17

evropuli samarTlis gadmosaxedidan ki mdgomareoba gansxvavebu�

lia. rasakvirvelia, evropuli gaerTianebebi saerTaSoriso samarTlis

subieqtebs warmoadgenen, Tumca, amasTan, Tuki evropuli gaerTianebis

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs daveyrdnobiT, gaerTianebis samarTal�

wesrigi damoukidebelia, romelic Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlisa da

saerTaSoriso samarTlis paralelurad arsebobs.18 am poziciis mixedviT ki, gaerTianebis farglebSi gaerTianebis pirve�

ladi samarTali saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebze maRla dgas. Tumca

misi priviligirebuli mdgomareoba ar moqmedebs saerTaSoriso samarT�priviligirebuli mdgomareoba ar moqmedebs saerTaSoriso samarT� mdgomareoba ar moqmedebs saerTaSoriso samarT�

lis imperatiul normebTan mimarTebiT. Sesabamisad, vinaidan adamianis

uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa konvenciis normebi imperatiuli

16 Sead.: Vedder, Christoph, Die EMRK und das Gemeinschaftsrecht, ZeuS 1999, gv. 481; Graben-warter, Christoph, Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention, München, 2008, gv.28.

17 Sead. venis 1969 wlis saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis samarTlis Sesaxeb konvenciis 30�e muxli; sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan mimarTebiT upiratesobaze pretenzias acxadebs gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis qartia, romlis 103�e muxlis mixedviT, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac organizaciis wevrebis qartiidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi wi�naaRmdegobaSi aRmoCndebian sxva romelime saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT nakisr valdebule�bebTan, upiratesi Zala aqvs qartiidan gamomdinare valdebulebebs.

18 evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlos 1963 wlis 5 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ „van Gend&Loos“, 26/62; evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlos 1964 wlis 15 ivlisis gadaw�yvetileba saqmeze _ „Costa/E.N.E.L.”, 6/64.

95


ar aris, SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom isini normaTa ierarqiaSi ufro dabal

safexurze dganan, vidre gaerTianebis samarTlis pirveladi wyaroebi.

am logikiT, gaerTianebis samarTlis meoradi wyaroebi (pirvel rig�

Si, direqtivebi da regulaciebi) saerTaSoriso samarTlis `Cveulebriv

normebze~ dabla unda idgnen, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi gan�

lageba aqtualuri iqneboda mxolod maSin, Tuki evropuli gaerTianeba

miuerTdeboda adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropul

konvencias. am SemTxvevaSi iqneboda SesaZlebeli saubari gaerTianebis

samarTlisa da konvenciis poziciebze. magram Tuki Cven vsaubrobT sax�

elmwifoebis normaTa ierarqiaSi Seqmnil situaciaze, evropuli gaer�

Tianebis sasamarTlos poziciis mixedviT, gaerTianebis rogorc pirve�

ladi, aseve meoradi samarTali wevri saxelmwifoebis konstituciebze

maRla dgas. Sesabamisad, igi am ierarqiaSi ufro maRal safexurs ika�

vebs, vidre adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli

konvencia.19 anu, wevri saxelmwifo valdebulia, gaerTianebis samarTals

misces upiratesoba normaTa an interpretaciebis koliziis SemTxvevaSi.

Tuki amosaval wertilad aviRebT wevri saxelmwifoebis pozicias, am

SemTxvevaSi vnaxavT, rom, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, wevri saxelmwifoebic

TiTqmis upirobod aRiareben gaerTianebis samarTlis primats. Sesabamis�

ad, koliziis SemTxvevaSi, maT unda gamoiyenon gaerTianebis samarTlis

normebi.

orive, saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi da evropulsamarTlebrivi,

pozicia gamarTlebulia im argumentebiT, romlebsac isini eyrdnobi�

an. Tuki daveTanxmebiT evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlos, evropul

samarTals vaRiarebT gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis samarTalwesrigad da,

Sesabamisad, mis primats yvela rangis Sidasaxelmwifoebriv normas�Sidasaxelmwifoebriv normas� normas�

Tan mimarTebiT, am SemTxvevaSi ierarqiis sakiTxi evropuli samarT�

lis sasargeblod unda gadawydes. Tumca aseve bunebrivia, rom adamia�

nis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvencia da misi

normebis dacvis moTxovna saerTaSoriso samarTals eyrdnoba da evro�

puli samarTlis privilegirebul mdgomareobas mxedvelobaSi ar iRebs.

faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli iqneboda konfliqturi situaciebis war�

moSobis safrTxis acileba, Tuki evropuli gaerTianebis sasamarTlo

19 gamonaklisia niderlandebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba, sadac konvenciasac konstituciaze maRali rangi aqvs miniWebuli.

96

gaga gabriCiZe

da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo sakuTari kompetenciis

upiratesobis damtkicebas daisaxavdnen miznad. aseTi damokidebulebis

Cixuri xasiaTi gaTvaliswinebul iqna orive sasamarTlos mier da maT

erTmaneTis kompetenciebis mimarT maqsimalurad TavSekavebuli da ko�kompetenciebis mimarT maqsimalurad TavSekavebuli da ko� mimarT maqsimalurad TavSekavebuli da ko�

legialobis safuZvelze damyarebuli damokidebuleba aqvT. am kuTxiT,

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

is gadawyvetilebebi, sadac igi uars ambobs konvenciis xelSemkvreli

saxelmwifos im aqtebis konvenciasTan Sesabamisobis kontrolze, rom�

lebic gaerTianebis samarTlis implementaciis dokumentebs warmoad�implementaciis dokumentebs warmoad�dokumentebs warmoad�

genen, manamde, sanam evropuli gaerTianebis farglebSi adamianis ufle�

bebis dacva konvenciis ekvivalenturad xorcieldeba.20

amasTan, termini èkvivalenturi~21 ar niSnavs ìdenturs~. ufro

mizanSewonilia, gamoyenebul iqnes termini `msgavsi~. bunebrivia, adami�

anis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom am gadawyvetilebiT garkveul�

wilad SeizRuda sakuTari kompetencia. udavoa aq paralelebi ger�

maniis federaciuli respublikis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos cnobil

gadawyvetilebasTan, pirobiTi saxelwodebiT _ “Solange II”22, sadac sa�

samarTlo uars ambobs gaerTianebis aqtebis Sesabamisobis kontrolze

germanul ZiriTad kanonSi mocemul ZiriTad uflebebTan, vidre gaer�

Tianebis doneze ZiriTadi uflebebis dacva saTanadod xorcieldeba.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos es gadawyvetilebac prag�

matuli iyo, mxedvelobaSi iRebda realur mdgomareobas da rTuli

samarTlebrivi dilemis tvirTis Semsubuqebis mizans emsaxureboda.

6. daskvna

saxelmwifoebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv, adamianis uflebaTa da Ziri�

Tad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis xelSemkvreli mxareebi da,

meore mxriv, evropuli gaerTianebis wevrebi arian, gaerTianebis samar�

20 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiis 1990 wlis 9 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ C. Melchers & Co v. Germany, No 13258/87; adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 30 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ Bosphorus v Ireland, No45036/98.

21 originalSi inglisurad _ „equivalent“, frangulad _ „équivalent“.22 germaniis federaciuli respublikis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 1986 wlis 22 oqtombris

gadawyvetileba, 73, 339.

97


Tlis normisa da konvenciis normis koliziis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba aR�

moCndnen situaciaSi, rodesac maT unda miiRon gadawyvetileba an erTis

an meoris sasargeblod, ris Sedegadac moxdeba an gaerTianebis samarT�

lis, an kidev konvenciis farglebSi aRebuli valdebulebebis darRveva.

aRniSnuli dilemis warmoqmna aris Sedegi imisa, rom evropul gaerTiane�

bas aqvs pretenzia, iyos sui generis samarTalwesrigi da, Sesabamisad, ar�samarTalwesrigi da, Sesabamisad, ar� da, Sesabamisad, ar�

sebobs evropuli gaerTianebis samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis

midgomebis gansxvaveba ierarqiuli poziciebis dadgenasTan mimarTebiT.

vinaidan dResdReisobiT SeuZlebeli Cans samarTlebrivi meqanizmebiT

aRniSnuli problemis gadaWra, valdebulebebis dapirispirebis Tavidan

acileba xdeba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosa da evropu�

li gaerTianebis sasamarTlos urTierTkolegialuri damokidebulebis

gziT, ris Sedegadac, normaTa ierarqiasTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli gan�

sxvavebuli midgomebi, ZiriTadad, mxolod da mxolod Teoriul samar�midgomebi, ZiriTadad, mxolod da mxolod Teoriul samar� ZiriTadad, mxolod da mxolod Teoriul samar�

Tlebriv problemad rCeba.

98

àbsoluturi aucilebloba~ — myari kriteriumi Tu kompromisuli pirobiToba? (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlis ganmartebisaTvis)

eva gociriZe

1. Sesavali

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon� uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon�uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon� da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon�da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon� ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon�ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon� TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon�TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli kon� dacvis evropuli kon�dacvis evropuli kon� evropuli kon�evropuli kon� kon�kon�

venciis mixedviT, `sicocxlis ufleba~ ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle� mixedviT, `sicocxlis ufleba~ ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle�mixedviT, `sicocxlis ufleba~ ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle� `sicocxlis ufleba~ ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle�`sicocxlis ufleba~ ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle� ufleba~ ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle�ufleba~ ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle� ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle�ar aris absoluturi. igi ufle� aris absoluturi. igi ufle�aris absoluturi. igi ufle� absoluturi. igi ufle�absoluturi. igi ufle� igi ufle�igi ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa im kategorias miekuTvneba, romelic sxva kanonieri interesebis

dasacavad SeiZleba SeizRudos. konvenciis me�2 muxlis 1�li punqtis

mixedviT, `yoveli adamianis sicocxlis ufleba kanoniT aris daculi~1

da àr SeiZleba vinmesTvis sicocxlis ganzrax mospoba~.2 sicocxlis

1 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao delaraciis me�3 muxlisa da samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me�6 muxlisagan gansxvavebiT, evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli pirdapir ar aRiarebs sicocxlis uflebas. igi nagulisxmebia Tavad SesityvebaSi _`sicocxlis ufleba~. savsebiT samarTlianad aris miCneuli, rom saxelmwifos pozitiuri valdebuleba sicocxlis uflebis dacvisa swored punqtis am debulebiT aris dadgenili. magaliTisaTvis ix.; Trechsel Stefan, Spotlights on Article 2 ECHR, The Right to life, Development and Developing International and European Law, 1999, gv.673; Sudre F.; Chronique de la Jurispru-dence de la Cour Européene des Droits de l’Homme en 1995, Revue universelle des droits de l’ homme 1995, gv. 9.

2 konvenciis teqstis qarTul oficialur TargmanSi gamoyenebulia termini _ `sicocx�lis xelyofa~, rac, Cveni azriT, zustad ar asaxavs konvenciis me�2 muxlis Sesabamisi debulebis Sinaarss. konvenciis avTentur teqstebSi gamoyenebulia iseTi terminebi, rom�lebic usaTuod gulisxmobs sikvdilis faqts. ix. inglisuri teqsti: “No one shall be de-prived of his life…” (1�li punqti); “ Deprivation of life shall not be regarded…” (me�2 punqti)“. asevea frangul teqstSi: `la mort ne peut ệtre inflingée ... ~ (1�li punqti); `La mort n’est pas considérée .. ~ (me�2 punqti). qarTuli termini _ `sicocxlis xelyofa~, misi ordinaruli gagebiT, ar gulisxmobs aucileblobiT sakuTriv `sikvdilis faqts~, is moicavs rogorc dasrulebul `mkvlelobas~, ise `mkvlelobis mcdelobas~ da sicocxlisaTvis gaufrTxile�blobiT safrTxis Seqmnasac ki. qarTul samarTalSi mas Zalze farTo mniSvneloba aqvs da

99


uflebidan gamonaklisebi ki me�2 punqtiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli:

adamianis sicocxlis mospoba ar CaiTvleba am muxlis darRvevad, Tu

is Sedegad mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile� Sedegad mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile�Sedegad mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile� mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile�mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile� Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile�Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile� gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile�gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturi aucile� romelic absoluturi aucile�romelic absoluturi aucile� absoluturi aucile�absoluturi aucile� aucile�aucile�

bloba iyo:

a) nebismieri piris dasacavad aramarTlzomieri Zaladobisagan;

b) kanonieri dakavebisaTvis, anda kanonierad dapatimrebuli piris

gaqcevis aRsakveTad;

c) ajanyebis an amboxebis CasaxSobad kanonier RonisZiebaTa ganxor�

cielebisaTvis.

konvenciis me�2 muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT konvenciis or�me�2 muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT konvenciis or� muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT konvenciis or�

ganoebis mier Seqmnilia mdidari sasamarTlo praqtika, romelmac uamra�

vi, metad Tu naklebad mniSvnelovani, problema warmoaCina. maT Soris,

cxadia, erT�erTi umniSvnelovanesia `Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi

aucileblobis~ Sefaseba, anu saxelmwifos mier adamianis winaaRmdeg ama

Tu im kanonieri interesis dasacavad Sesabamisi Zalis gamoyenebis mar�mar�

Tlzomierebis dadgena, vinaidan maszea damokidebuli, agebs Tu ara sax� dadgena, vinaidan maszea damokidebuli, agebs Tu ara sax�

elmwifo konvenciis winaSe pasuxs Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad adamianis

sikvdilisaTvis.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam da adamianis uflebaTa evro�

pulma sasamarTlom araerTi sakiTxi daamuSava da gadaWra. konvenciam

da misma organoebma didi roli Seasrules sicocxlis uflebis qmediTi

gamoiyeneba rogorc gamaerTianebeli cneba sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli yovelgvari ganzraxi da gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulisa. konvenciis me�2 muxlis 1�li punqtis amkrZa�lav debulebaSi misi gamoyeneba SeiZleboda dasaSvebad migveCnia, Tu amis mizani, sicocx�lis uflebis dacvis imaze ufro maRali standartis damkvidrebaa, vidre amas konvencia iTvaliswinebs. magram meore punqtis sagamonakliso debulebebSi am terminis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi seriozul sirTuleebs Seqmnis. es saxelmwifos akisrebs metismetad ararealur tvirTs da gamoiwvevs saWiroebas imisas, rom konvenciis safuZvelze gamarTldes adamianis sicocxlis nebismieri `xelyofa~, Tanac, imis miuxedavad, aris Tu es es safrTxe serio�zuli, aSkara da realuri da, imis miuxedavadac, ganzrax moqmedebda saxelmwifos agenti Tu gaufrTxileblobiT. es ki niSnavs, rom, sicocxlisaTvis safrTxis Seqmnis etapzeve, apriorulad, gamoyenebuli Zala konvenciasTan Seusabamod unda iqnes miCneuli. vinaidan adamianis winaaRmdeg cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba yovelTvis gulisxmobs sicocx�lisaTvis garkveul safrTxes, es saxelmwifos saerTod aRukveTs misi gamoyenebis SesaZle�blobas maSinac ki, rodesac arsebobda konvenciis me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtSi miTiTebuli kanonieri interesebis dasacavad Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba. zemoaRniS�nulidan gamomdinare, aucileblad migvaCnia, konvenciis me�2 muxlSi (gansakuTrebiT ki, mis meore punqtSi) `sicocxlis xelyofis~ terminis nacvlad gamoyenebul iqnes sxva iseTi termini, romelSic calsaxad iqneba nagulisxmebi sikvdilis faqti, magaliTad: `sicocxlis mospoba~, `sicocxlis warTmeva~, `sikvdilis gamowveva~, àdamianis mokvdineba~ da sxv.

100

eva gociriZe

dacvis uzrunvelyofaSi. Tumca calkeuli gadawyvetilebani sadavod

aris miCneuli, zogierTi problema Riadaa datovebuli, zogierTi kidev

dazustebasa da dakonkretebas moiTxovs, magram isinic ki, romlebzec

ukve gacemulia pasuxi, mainc inarCuneben aqtualurobas da kidev ufro

siRrmiseuli, yovelmxrivi, zogjer ki sruliad axleburi gaazrebisaken

gvibiZgeben.

konvenciis me�2 punqtis zemoaRniSnuli formulireba ukve araerT

kiTxvas warmoSobs. magaliTad, igulisxmeba Tu ara sityvebSi _ `Tu is

Sedegad mohyva~ _ sikvdilis ara marto gaufrTxileblobiT, aramed

ganzrax gamowvevis SemTxvevebic? Tavidanve gamafrTxilebeli efeqti

aqvs termins _ àbsoluturad aucilebeli~, rac imTaviTve gamoricxavs

yovelgvar varaudsa da SemTxveviTobas da es arc aris gasakviri _ igi

xom adamianis winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyenebis marTlzomierebis ZiriTadi

safuZvelia. ras gulisxmobs `Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucile�

bloba?~ _ sazogadod Zalis gamoyenebis Tu swored iseTi Zalis gamoy�

enebis absolutur aucileblobas, romelic adamianis winaaRmdeg real�

urad iyo gamoyenebuli? rogoria misi Sefasebis principebi? marTlac

absoluturia es ganzomileba Tu igi realobis CarCoTia SemozRuduli?

ufro idealisturia Tu ufro realisturi? myari kriteriumia Tu erT�

gvarad pirobiTi da adaptirebadi? aris Tu ara `sicocxlis ganzrax

mospoba Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad, romelic absoluturad aucilebeli

iyo~, igiveobrivi `ganzrax mkvlelobis absoluturi aucileblobisa~,

romelsac, cota ar iyos, àralegitimurobis~ elferic ki dahkravs?

aris Tu ara àbsoluturi aucilebloba~ obieqturi kategoria? ramde�

nad gamarTlebulia adamianisaTvis sicocxlis ganzrax mospoba yvela

im kanonier mizanTan mimarTebiT, romlebic konvenciis me�2 muxlis me�2

punqtSia miTiTebuli? _ es is sakiTxebia, romlebic aris da yovelT�

vis iqneba aqtualuri, vinaidan sicocxlis uflebidan gamonaklisebs

Seexeba _ es sfero xom mxolod Zalze mcire sivrces SeiZleba gulisx�

mobdes Tavisufali interpretaciebisaTvis da es ufleba xom jer ver

àmaRlda~ àbsolutur uflebamde~, miuxedavad imisa, rom `sicocxle~

umaRles adamianur Rirebulebad aris aRiarebuli. es erTgvari `para�

doqsi~ ioli asaxsnelia, rodesac sicocxlis xelyofa adekvaturi Ri�

rebulebis _ isev sicocxlis _ dacvas emsaxureba; sicocxlis ufle�

bidan gamonaklisebis marTlzomiereba xom sxvaTa sicocxlis dacvis

101


pozitiuri valdebulebidan warmodgeba, magram aris ki igi mxolod am

SemTxvevebiT Semofargluli?3

winamdebare narkvevi ar isaxavs miznad yvela zemoaRniSnuli sakiTxis

yovelmxriv gaSuqebasa da analizs. masSi aqcenti, ZiriTadad, gakeTebu�

lia ̀ Zalis gamoyenebis absolutur aucileblobaze~; dogmatikur Wril�

Sia gaanalizebuli misi ZiriTadi arsi, maxasiaTeblebi da Sefasebis eta�

pebi; kritikuladaa ganxiluli ganzrax mkvlelobis `marTlzomiereba~

me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtSi CamoTvlil miznebTan mimarTebiT, gamoTqmu� muxlis me�2 punqtSi CamoTvlil miznebTan mimarTebiT, gamoTqmu�me�2 punqtSi CamoTvlil miznebTan mimarTebiT, gamoTqmu� punqtSi CamoTvlil miznebTan mimarTebiT, gamoTqmu�

lia zogierTi eWvi, SemoTavazebulia rekomendaciebi.

2. `Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi ucileblobis~ samarTlebrivi sivrce konvenciis me-2 muxlis farglebSi

konvenciis me�2 muxlSi adamianis mokvdinebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb deb�me�2 muxlSi adamianis mokvdinebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb deb� muxlSi adamianis mokvdinebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb deb�

ulebis adresati mxolod saxelmwifoa. es debuleba saxelmwifos ukrZa�es debuleba saxelmwifos ukrZa� debuleba saxelmwifos ukrZa�

lavs adamianis sicocxlis mospobas. am muxlis darRvevis aRiarebisa Tu

misi uaryofisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu vis mier ganxorcielebul

moqmedebas mohyva adamianis sikvdili _ policiis4, samxedroebis5, cixis

TanamSromlebisa6 Tu xelisuflebis sxva warmomadgenlebisas. kerZo pir�

Ta qmedebiT sikvdilis gamowvevisaTvis konvenciis me�2 muxlis safuZvel�me�2 muxlis safuZvel� muxlis safuZvel�

ze saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba mxolod sicocxlis dacvis pozitiuri

valdebulebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba dadgindes. adamia�

nis mokvdinebis akrZalva saxelmwifos negatiuri valdebulebaa da igi

irRveva maSin, rodesac pirovnebis mimarT Zalis gamoyeneba ar emsaxure�

boda me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtSi miTiTebul romelime kanonier mizans da

maSinac, rodesac Zalis gamoyeneba, marTalia, isaxavda kanonier mizans,

magram ar arsebobda misi absoluturi aucilebloba.

3 aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis mixedviT, sicocxlis ufle�ba ar miekuTvneba uflebaTa im kategorias, romelTagan gadaxveva aranair viTarebaSi ar SeiZleba da romlebic yovelTvis da yvelasaTvis savaldebuloa (jus cogens�is gagebiT). samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me�4 muxlisagan gansxvavebiT, evropuli konvenciis me�15 muxli uSvebs `sicocxlis uflebisagan~ gadaxvevas omis dros ganxorcielebuli kanonieri moqmedebebis SemTxvevaSi.

4 X. v. Belgium, app. N2758/66. 12 YB, 174 (1969).5 Stewart v. the United kingdom, app. N10044/82;39 DR 162 (1984).6 X. v. the United Kingdom, app. N4203/69, 32 CD 48 (1970).

102

eva gociriZe

rodesac Zalis gamoyeneba saerTod ar isaxavs `kanonier mizans~ (me�2

muxlis gagebiT), àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ Sefaseba aqtualuri ar

aris _ me�2 muxlis darRveva isedac cxadia. Saqme _ Cyprus v. Turkey _ Seexeboda 1974 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis okupaciis periodSi ganxor�kviprosis okupaciis periodSi ganxor� okupaciis periodSi ganxor�

cielebuli ukanono moqmedebebis dros oficris brZanebis safuZvel�

ze Turqi samxedroebis mier Tormeti kviproseli berZnis (samoqalaqo

piris) daxocvas. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam uyoymanod

cno TurqeTis saxelmwifos mier konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRveva.7

Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis Sefaseba aqtualuri ar

aris, agreTve, patimrobaSi myofi piris sikvdilis faqtebTan mimarTebiT,

rodesac xelisufleba saerTod uaryofs patimris mimarT Zalis gamoyene�

bas. aseT dros moqmedebs saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis prezumfcia, anu

imis dadgenilad miCneva, rom dazianebani xelisuflebis mier aris miyenebu�

li, Tu igi damajereblad ver daamtkicebs maT sxvagvar warmoSobas.8 garda

im (SedarebiT iSviaTi) SemTxvevisa, rodesac ver dadginda sicocxlis dac�

vis pozitiur valdebulebaTa Seusrulebloba, patimris sikvdilisaTvis

saxelmwifo yovelTvis aris pasuxismgebeli konvenciis winaSe. amasTan, xan

mxolod negatiuri, xan mxolod pozitiuri valdebulebis Seusruleblobis

gamo, xan kidev _ orivesaTvis erTdroulad.9 erTaderTi gamonaklisi uka�

vSirdeba patimris gaqcevis mcdelobis SemTxvevas, rodesac Zalis gamoy�

eneba gaqcevis aRkveTas emsaxureboda. Tumca aseT dros momakvdinebeli Za�

lis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba Zalze saTuoa da, Cveni azriT,

mxolod mkveTrad gansazRvruli garemoebebis arsebobisas SeiZleba iqnes

gamarTlebuli. am sakiTxs ufro dawvrilebiT qvemoT SevexebiT.

àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ Sefaseba SedarebiT naklebad aqtual�

uria, rodesac saxelmwifos agenti kanonier mizans isaxavs (me�2 muxlis

7 Cyprus v. Turkey, first and second applications, 4 EHHR, 482;535-563 (1976.com.rep). komisi�isaTvis cnobili gaxda isic, rom im periodSi araerTi kviproseli berZeni iqna ukanonod dapatimrebuli TurqeTis xelisuflebis mier. komisiam aRiara TurqeTis saxelmwifos pa�suxismgeblobis prezumfcia im gauCinarebul adamianTa bedis gamo, romelTa Sesaxebac arsebobda informacia, rom isini Turqi samxedroebis mier iyvnen dapatimrebulni, magram am SemTxvevaSi SeuZleblad miiCnia me�2 muxlis darRvevis aRiareba am adamianTa sikvdilis faqtis an sikvdilis garemoebebis damamtkicebeli sabuTebis ararsebobis gamo. Cyprus v. Turkey, third application, 15 EHHR, 503 (1983).

8 Selmouni v. France, judgment of 28 July 1999, Salman v. Turkey, judgment of 27 june 2000.9 Anguelova v. Bulgaria, judgment of 13 June 2002, Paul and Audrey Edwards v. The United Kingdom,

judgment of 14 March 2002; Abdurahman Orac v. Turkey, judgment of 14 February 2002.

103


me�2 punqtis gagebiT), magram aSkaraa, rom Sesabamis garemoebebSi Zalis

gamoyenebis safuZveli saerTod ar arsebobda da miznis miRweva yovel�

gvari Zalis gareSec SesaZlebeli iyo. aseT dros Zalis gamoyenebas Tu

sikvdili mohyva, me�2 muxlis darRveva cxadia. radgan Zalis gamoyenebis

àucilebloba~ ar arsebobda, misi àbsoluturobis~ Sefasebamde saqme

aRar midis. àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ Sefaseba maSin xdeba gacile�

biT aqtualuri da zedmiwevniT niuansirebuli, rodesac aSkaraa Zalis

gamoyenebis garkveuli (meti an naklebi) safuZveli. aseT dros gansa�

kuTrebuli sifrTxiliT unda dadgindes, marTlac iyo Tu ara Zalis

gamoyeneba absoluturad aucilebeli dasaxuli kanonieri miznis mis�

aRwevad.

àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ Sefasebis principebi pirvelad ada�

mianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam Camoayaliba saqmeSi _ Stewart v. The United Kingdom, romelic Semdeg araerTxel daadastura evropulma

sasamarTlom. komisiam miuTiTa, rom Zalis gamoyeneba unda yofiliyo

dasaxuli miznis `mkacrad proporciuli~. manve ganmarta es Sesityveba:

Sefasebisas, iyo Tu ara Zalis gamoyeneba mkacrad proporciuli, mxed�

velobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli dasaxuli miznis raoba, sicocxlisaT�

vis (igulisxmeba sxvaTa sicocxle) Seqmnili saSiSroeba, viTarebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli Sedegebi (movlenaTa mosalodneli ganviTareba _ limb, inherent in the situation) da riskis xarisxi _ gamoyenebul Zalas mohyves si� da riskis xarisxi _ gamoyenebul Zalas mohyves si�

cocxlis mospoba.10 saqmeSi _ Kelly v. the United Kingdom 11_ komisiam dam�

atebiT ganmarta, rom zedsarTavi àbsoluturi~ moiTxovda àucile�

blobis~ gacilebiT mkacr da zedmiwevniT (strict and compelling) Semowme�

bas, vidre konvenciis sxva debulebebis konteqstSi.12

Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis Sefasebis sirTule

xSirad imasTanaa dakavSirebuli, rom adamianis sikvdili cecxlsasro�

li iaraRis gamoyenebis Sedegia. aseTi iaraRis gamoyenebisas ki didia

10 Stewart, 162,171.11 Kelly v. The United Kingdom ,app.N17579:90 (1993).12 igulisxmeba konvenciis sxvadasxva muxlSi (me�6, me�8; me�9, me�10 da sxv.) uflebaTa SezRud�

vis pirobad gamoyenebuli kriteriumebi: ̀ aucilebeli~, ̀ aucilebeli demokratiul sazoga�doebaSi~, `mkacrad aucilebeli~ da sxv., romlebic àucileblobis~ sxvadasxva xarisxebs gulisxmoben. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom konvenciis me�2 muxlSi miTiTebuli gamonaklisebis zemoaRniSnuli interpretacia Semdgom araerTxel daadastura rogorc komisiam, ise sa�samarTlom. magaliTisaTvis ix: Andronicou et Constantinou,171; Ilhan, 74; Salman,98; McCann, 148,149.

104

eva gociriZe

cdomilebis riski. amitom zogierTi garemoebisas Tavad cecxlsasroli

iaraRis gamoyeneba, Tundac igi adamianis sikvdils ar isaxavdes miznad,

aSkaras xdis, rom gamoyenebuli iyo gadametebuli Zala. magaliTad,

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba mZRolis mimarT, romelic mTvrali

marTavda manqanas, an emigrantis mimarT, rodesac dakaveba emsaxure�

boda qveynidan mis deportacias, anda suliT avadmyofis mimarT, rode�deportacias, anda suliT avadmyofis mimarT, rode� anda suliT avadmyofis mimarT, rode�

sac dakaveba miznad isaxavda iZulebiT mkurnalobaze mis gamwesebas da

sxva, verasodes iqneba gamarTlebuli da àbsolutur aucileblobad~

Sefasebuli. maTgan gansxvavebiT, rogorc o’ boili, harisi da uorbriki

aRniSnaven, policiisa da SeiaraRebuli ZalebisaTvis daSvebuli unda

iyos cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba saSiS kriminalebTan da teror�kriminalebTan da teror� da teror�

istebTan konfrontaciis dros, rodesac arsebobs safuZvliani varau�

di, rom isini SeiaraRebulni arian. Tumca, maTive azriT, cecxlsasroli

iaraRis gamoyenebis àbsoluturi aucilebloba~ aseT drosac gansa�

kuTrebul sifrTxiles moiTxovs.13

3. krZalavs Tu ara konvenciis me-2 muxli rogorc ganzrax, ise gaufrTxileblobiT mkvlelobas?

saqme isaa, rom konvenciis me�2 muxlis 1�li punqti (sityvasityviT)

saxelmwifos sococxlis mxolod ganzrax mospobas ukrZalavs: àr Sei�sococxlis mxolod ganzrax mospobas ukrZalavs: àr Sei� mxolod ganzrax mospobas ukrZalavs: àr Sei�

Zleba vinmesTvis sicocxlis ganzrax mospoba~. gamonaklisebis Sesaxeb

me�2 punqtis debulebis sityvebidan _ `Tu is Sedegad mohyva~ _ pirda� punqtis debulebis sityvebidan _ `Tu is Sedegad mohyva~ _ pirda�

pir ar gamomdinareobs, aseTi Sedegi mxolod gaufrTxileblobiT Sei�

Zleba iyos gamowveuli, Tu rogorc ganzrax, ise gaufrTxileblobiT.

amitom me�2 muxlis orive punqtis Sinaarsi ganmartebas saWiroebda. es

sakiTxi sasamarTlo praqtikam wamoWra iseT saqmeebSi, sadac sikvdili,

rogorc Sedegi, ganzraxuli ar iyo. saqmeSi _ Stewart v. The United King- v. The United King-v. The United King- The United King-The United King- United King-United King- King-King-dom _ mopasuxe mTavrobam miuTiTa, rom konvenciis me�2 muxlis 1�li

punqti Seexeboda mxolod sicocxlis ganzrax mospobas. gaufrTxile�

blobiT mkvlelobis dros ki me�2 muxli ar irRveoda. adamianis ufle�me�2 muxli ar irRveoda. adamianis ufle� muxli ar irRveoda. adamianis ufle�

baTa evropulma komisiam uaryo es argumenti da miuTiTa, rom me�2

13 D.J.Harris; M.O’Boyle, C.Warbrick, Law of the European Convention on Human Rights, Butterworths, London, Dublin, Edinburg. 1995, gv. 48.

105


muxlis 1�li punqtis winadadeba _ àr SeiZleba vinmesTvis sicocxlis

ganzrax mospoba~ _ unda ganmartebuliyo me�2 punqtis SinaarsTan er�ganmartebuliyo me�2 punqtis SinaarsTan er� me�2 punqtis SinaarsTan er�me�2 punqtis SinaarsTan er� punqtis SinaarsTan er�

TobliobaSi. Tavis mxriv, ganmarta me�2 punqtic da miuTiTa, rom igi

uwinaresad ganmartavda ara im viTarebas, Tu rodis iyo daSvebuli ada�

mianis ganzrax mokvla, aramed imas, Tu rodis iqneboda gamarTlebuli

Zalis gamoyeneba, romelsac SeiZleboda gamoewvia sicocxlis mospoba,

rogorc ganuzraxveli Sedegi (unintentional result).14 amrigad, komisiam

ganvrcobiTad ganmarta me�2 muxlis Sinaarsi da cxadi gaxada ara marto

is, rom 1�li punqtis amkrZalavi debuleba gaufrTxileblobiT mkvl�1�li punqtis amkrZalavi debuleba gaufrTxileblobiT mkvl�li punqtis amkrZalavi debuleba gaufrTxileblobiT mkvl�

elobazec vrceldeboda,15 aramed isic, rom meore punqtis safuZvelze

SeiZleboda gamarTlebulad miCneuliyo Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad ro�

gorc gaufrTxileblobiT, ise ganzraxi mkvleloba. Tumca udavoa isic,

rom komisiis am ganmartebis formulireba gacilebiT mcire sivrces gu�

lisxmobs sikvdilis, rogorc winaswar ganzraxuli Sedegis, Sewynarebi�

saTvis da aSkaras xdis, rom meore punqtis gamonaklisebi, uwinaresad,

Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad gaufrTxileblobiT mkvlelobis SemTxvevebs

unda ukavSirdebodes.

konvenciis me�2 muxlis orive punqtis farTo interpretacia sayov� me�2 muxlis orive punqtis farTo interpretacia sayov�me�2 muxlis orive punqtis farTo interpretacia sayov� muxlis orive punqtis farTo interpretacia sayov�

elTaod aris gaziarebuli16 da dadasturebuli evropuli sasamarTlos

mier.17 evropuli komisiisa da evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�

bani da ganCinebebi mowmoben, rom konvenciis me�2 muxlTan dakavSire�ganCinebebi mowmoben, rom konvenciis me�2 muxlTan dakavSire� mowmoben, rom konvenciis me�2 muxlTan dakavSire�me�2 muxlTan dakavSire� muxlTan dakavSire�

14 Stewart, 162, 171. 15 amiT komisiam gadauxvia adrindeli precedentidan (ix. amave sakiTxze miRebuli komisiis

gadawyvetleba saqmeSi _ X v. Belgium ,app. N2758/66 12 YB, 175, 1969). 16 magaliTisaTvis ix: P.van Dijk / G.J.H.H van Hoof, Theory and Practice of the European Convention

on Human Rights, Hague, 3rd ed; 1998, gv. 306; Trechsel Stefan, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 681.17 aRsaniSnavia, rom evropuli sasamarTlo, me�2 muxlis farTo interpretaciis Tvalsaz�

risiT, kidev ufro Sors wavida da iseT SemTxvevebTan mimarTebiTac daadastura saxelmwi�fos pasuxismgebloba adamianis sikvdilisaTvis, rodesac gamoyenebuli Zala ar iyo uSua�lod mimarTuli mis winaaRmdeg. magaliTisaTvis ix. saqme McShane v. The United Kingdom (judgment of 28 May 2002). momCivnis meuRle moklul iqna 1996 wels CrdiloeT irlandiaSi areulobis dros. mas javSantransportiorma gadauara, rodesac igi sareklamo stendis ukan imaleboda. evropulma sasamarTlom daadastura, rom ̀ Zalis gamoyeneba~ ar Semoifar�gleboda mxolod iaraRis an fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT, igi moicavda samxedro�satrans�porto saSualebebis gamoyenebasac barikadebis dasangrevad da, rom, Tu samxedro mosam�saxures nabrZanebi hqonda, gamoeyenebina satransporto saSualeba masobrivi areulobis dros, es ganxiluli unda yofiliyo rogorc im operaciis nawili, risTvisac saxelmwifo pasuxismgebeli iyo. vinaidan ar arsebobda erTiani azri incidentis faqtobrivi garemoe�bebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRveva am saqmeSi mxolod procesua�luri valdebulebis darRvevis (sikvdilis faqtis gamoZiebis araefeqtianobis) gamo cno.

106

eva gociriZe

biT Semosuli saCivrebi orive maTgans Seexeba da arsebobs mTeli wyeba

saqmeebisa, sadac Zalis gamoyenebisas adamianis ganzrax mkvleloba ar

iqna miCneuli konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevad. evropuli komisiis ze�me�2 muxlis darRvevad. evropuli komisiis ze� muxlis darRvevad. evropuli komisiis ze�ze�

momiTiTebul ganmartebas kidev imitom hqonda didi mniSvneloba, rom,

raoden moulodnelic ar unda iyos, aseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze konven�

ciis travaux préparatoire-Si araferi iyo naTqvami.18

4. `mizani~ yovelTvis amarTlebs `saSualebas~?

konvenciis me�2 muxlis farglebSi udavod yvelaze ufro probl� me�2 muxlis farglebSi udavod yvelaze ufro probl�me�2 muxlis farglebSi udavod yvelaze ufro probl� muxlis farglebSi udavod yvelaze ufro probl�

emuria imis gonivrulad gansazRvra, Tu rodisaa `ganzrax mkvleloba

`dasaxuli `miznis~ gamarTlebuli `saSualeba~. sakiTxis amgvari das�dasaxuli `miznis~ gamarTlebuli `saSualeba~. sakiTxis amgvari das�

ma SesaZloa, garkveul utrirebas gulisxmobdes, magram masSi kargad

ikveTeba RirebulebaTa konfliqtis mTeli dramatizmi. raki ganzraxi

mkvleloba SeiZleba marTlzomierad Sefasdes garkveul interesTa da�marTlzomierad Sefasdes garkveul interesTa da� Sefasdes garkveul interesTa da�

sacavad, es imas niSnavs, rom `sicocxlis mospoba~ gansazRvrul Sem�

TxvevebSi gvevlineba gansazRvrul mizanTa miRwevis gamarTlebul `sa�

Sualebad~. `Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba~ ki swored

is pirobaa, romelic sicocxlis mospobis legitimur safuZvels qmnis

da mas mizanTa miRwevis `saSualebad~ gadaaqcevs. marTalia, konvenciis

me�2 muxlSi àbsoluturi aucilebloba~ uSualod `Zalis gamoyenebas~

ukavSirdeba, magram sicocxlis ganzrax mospobasTan mimarTebiT àbso�magram sicocxlis ganzrax mospobasTan mimarTebiT àbso� ganzrax mospobasTan mimarTebiT àbso�mospobasTan mimarTebiT àbso� mimarTebiT àbso�

luturi aucileblobidan~ aqcenti bunebrivad gadadis masze. amitom

Sinaarsobrivad araferi Seicvleba, Tu vityviT, rom, konvenciis me�2

muxlis mixedviT, ganzrax mkvleloba gamarTlebulia, roca is absolu�mixedviT, ganzrax mkvleloba gamarTlebulia, roca is absolu� mkvleloba gamarTlebulia, roca is absolu�

turad aucilebelia am muxlSi miTiTebuli romelime kanonieri miznis

misaRwevad. RirebulebaTa konfliqtis dilemac aq iCens Tavs. es kon�

fliqti sakuTriv konvenciam, àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ pirobiT,

sicocxlis uflebis sazianod gadawyvita. amitomac aris àbsoluturi

aucileblobis~ kriteriumis swori gaazreba esoden mniSvnelovani si�

cocxlis uflebis saziano balansis gasamarTleblad;

18 ix. G. Guiallaume, La Convention Européene des Droits de l’Homme, Paris, 1995, gv. 143., Torkel Opsahl, The Right to Life, The European System for the Protection of Human Rights, edited by R. Macdonald, F. Matscher and H. Petzold, 1993, gv. 208.

107


meore mxriv, sakuTriv gaazreba àbsoluturi aucileblobis~

kriteriumisa SeuZlebelia Sesabamis kanonier miznebTan mimarTebis

gareSe. igi uSualodaa gadajaWvuli imasTan, Tu kerZod ras emsax�

ureboda Zalis gamoyeneba, ra miznis misaRwevad iyo igi absolu�

turad aucilebeli, rogori iyo Zalis gamomyenebeli saxelmwifos

agentis damokidebuleba mosalodneli Sedegis _ adamianis sikvdi�

lis mimarT. am garemoebebTan mimarTebiT iZens àbsoluturad

aucilebeli~ realur Sinaarss. amitom kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad,

Tu rodis SeiZleba ganzrax mkvleloba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos,

sakiTxi ase unda davsvaT: rodis SeiZleba iyos ganzrax mkvleloba

absoluturad aucilebeli Sesabamisi kanonieri interesis misaRw�

evad? imis gamo, rom konvenciis me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtSi miTiTeb�me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtSi miTiTeb� muxlis me�2 punqtSi miTiTeb�me�2 punqtSi miTiTeb� punqtSi miTiTeb�

uli `kanonieri miznebi~ gansxvavebulia, ganzrax mkvlelobis gamar�

Tlebis Sansic am miznebTan mimarTebiT gansxvavebulia da maT rao�

bazea damokidebuli.

Cveni SexedulebiT, RirebulebaTa konfliqtis WrilSi adamianis

ganzrax mkvleloba mxolod sxva adamianis (an adamianebis) sicocx�

lis gadasarCenad an sxva Zalze seriozuli safrTxis (magaliTad,

gaupatiurebis, sxeulis mZime dazianebis an sxv.) Tavidan asacile�sxv.) Tavidan asacile� Tavidan asacile�

blad SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli,19 Tanac mxolod maSin, rodesac

aseTi safrTxe aSkara, pirdapiri da realuria. Tu aseTi safrTxe ar

arsebobs, SeuZlebelia, ganzrax mkvleloba iyos aucilebeli da, miT

ufro, àbsoluturad aucilebeli~. amgvar viTarebas ki konvenciis

me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtSi CamoTvlili miznebidan pirdapir mxolod

erTi Seesabameba _ `nebismieri piris dasacavad aramarTlzomieri Za�

ladobisagan~. àramarTlzomieri Zaladoba SeiZleba gulisxmobdes

adamianisaTvis seriozuli da, amavdroulad, realuri safrTxis Se�

qmnas da moZaladis mkvlelobac SeiZleba absoluturad aucilebeli

19 Tumca, rodesac saubaria RirebulebaTa ierarqiaze, masSi gulisxmoben ierarqias gansx�vavebul RirebulebaTa Soris. `sicocxlis~ adekvatur da zogjer umetes Rirebulebad miCneulia àdamianis Rirseba~, magram, roca saqme Seexeba sicocxlis uflebidan gamon�aklisebis daSvebas, àdamianis Rirseba~ Znelad Tu gauwevs konkurencias `sicocxlis uflebas~. sxva adamianis sicocxlis dasacavad moZaladis mkvlelobas mainc ufro meti Sinagani gamarTleba da legitimacia aqvs, vidre mkvlelobas Rirsebis dasacavad. Tumca mkvlelobis `gamarTlebuloba~ mxolod RirebulebaTa ierarqiulobis sakiTxi ar aris da arc am ierarqiulobis dadgenaa yovelTvis SesaZlebeli da adamianTa umravlesobisaTvis Tanabrad misaRebi.

108

eva gociriZe

iyos msxverplis dasacavad. es swored is SemTxvevaa, rodesac Rire�es swored is SemTxvevaa, rodesac Rire� swored is SemTxvevaa, rodesac Rire�

bulebaTa konfliqtis konteqstSi da proporciulobis principidan

gamomdinare, arsebobs meti piroba imisa, rom `ganzrax mkvleloba~,

rogorc `saSualeba~, gamarTlebul iqnes dasaxuli mizniT.

àjanyebis an amboxebis CaxSobis~ mizani aseve SeiZleba gulisx�

mobdes ganzrax mkvlelobis absoluturi aucileblobis viTarebas,

vinaidan ajanyeba da amboxeba, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia Seiara�

Rebul winaaRmdegobasTan da amis gamo _ adamianTa sococxlisaTvis

potenciur safrTxesTan. magram, vinaidan aq saqmis garemoebebi sru�

liad gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos, ganzrax mkvlelobis absoluturi

aucileblobis albaToba maRali ar aris. igi gacilebiT met gare�

moebaze SeiZleba iyos damokidebuli, vidre ukanono Zaladobisagan

adamianis dacvis SemTxvevaSi. Cveni azriT, àjanyebis an CaxSobis~

mizanTan mimarTebiT mkveTrad emijneba erTmaneTs sakuTriv `Zalis

gamoyenebis“ da uSualod `ganzrax mkvlelobis~ absoluturi aucile�

bloba. SesaZloa, ajanyebis an amboxebis CaxSobis miznis misaRwevad

Zalis gamoyeneba marTlac absoluturi aucilebloba iyos, magram ase�

Ti aucilebloba ver iqneba imavdroulad ganzrax mkvlelobis abso�

luturi aucileblobis igiveobrivi. sakuTriv aseTi miznis arseboba,

da ufro metic, adamianis mkvlelobis gziT ajanyebis an amboxebis

CaxSobis didi mosalodneloba, TavisTavad, ver gaamarTlebs ganzrax

mkvlelobas. aq ara gvaqvs saqme iseT viTarebasTan, rodesac `mizani~

yovelTvis amarTlebs `saSualebas~. amitom migvaCnia, rom àjanyebis

an amboxebis CaxSobis~ mizniT Zalis gamoyenebisas ganzrax mkvlelobis

gamarTleba mxlod maSin SeiZleba, Tu sxvaTa sicocxlisaTvis serio�mxlod maSin SeiZleba, Tu sxvaTa sicocxlisaTvis serio� maSin SeiZleba, Tu sxvaTa sicocxlisaTvis serio�

zuli safrTxe arsebobda. Sesabamisad, aseT SemTxvevebSi, aucileblad

unda iqnes mxedvelobaSi miRebuli, erTi mxriv, ajanyebis an amboxebis

seriozuloba, mosalodneli Sedegebi, saerTo viTareba; meore mxriv ki

is, Tu uSualod ra safrTxe warmodgeboda imisagan, vis winaaRmdegac

Zala iqna gamoyenebuli.

kidev ufro rTuldeba ganzrax mkvlelobis absoluturi aucile� ufro rTuldeba ganzrax mkvlelobis absoluturi aucile�

blobis dasabuTeba `kanonieri dakavebisa~ da `kanonierad dapatimre�

buli piris gaqcevis aRkveTis~ miznebTan mimarTebiT. aqac ganzrax

mkvleloba zemoaRniSnul mizanTa misaRwevad verasodes iqneba àbso�

luturad aucilebeli~, Tuki, imavdroulad, saqme ara gvaqvs am pirTa

109


mxridan swored iseTi seriozuli da realuri safrTxis SeqmnasTan,

rogorzec zemoT visaubreT. es gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia `kanon�es gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia `kanon� gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia `kanon�

ieri dakavebis~ mizanTan mimarTebiT. `ganzrax mkvleloba kanonieri

dakavebisaTvis~ saerTod kontradiqtorulia. mkvleloba saerTod

SeuZlebels xdis `kanonier dakavebas~. adamianis mokvla ar SeiZleba

iyos TviTmizani da gamarTlebuli eWvmitanilis dakavebis an patimris

gaqcevis aRkveTis miznebiT. aseTi miznebis arseboba mxolod sazoga�

dod Zalis gamoyenebis marTlzomierebis erT�erTi pirobaa da ara sa�marTlzomierebis erT�erTi pirobaa da ara sa� erT�erTi pirobaa da ara sa�

kuTriv momakvdinebeli Zalisa, miT umetes, ar aris igi ganzrax mkvl�

elobis gamamarTlebeli safuZveli. amitom savsebiT veTanxmebiT maT,

romelTac Zalze saTuod miaCniaT, SeiZleba Tu ara, saerTod, ganzraxi

mkvleloba `kanonieri dakavebisaTvis~ gamarTlebul iqnes konvenciis

me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtis safuZvelze.20 rodesac gaqceuli patimari an

danaSaulSi eWvmitanili piri mimarTavs sicocxlisaTvis saSiS Zalado�

bas (magaliTad, iyenebs cecxlsasrol iaraRs policiis winaaaRmdeg)

Tavis dasaRwevad, mis mimarT momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyeneba, ra Tqma

unda, dasaSvebia, Tu es Sesabamis garemoebebSi marTlac absoluturad

aucilebelia policielTa sicocxlis dasacavad. magram am SemTxvevaSi

Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba ukavSirdeba sicocxlis

dacvis mizans da ara patimris dakavebas. amitom aseTi SemTxvevebi me�2

muxlis me�2 punqtis `b~ qvepunqtiT ki ar unda gamarTldes, aramed

à~ punqtiT.

danaSaulSi eWvmitanilis anda gaqceuli patimris mimarT momakvdine�

beli Zalis gamoyenebas ver gaamarTlebs verc dakavebis Soreuli mizani

_ am piris mier momavalSi danaSaulis Cadenis aRkveTa da sazogadoebis

dacva SesaZlo danaSaulisagan. me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtSi miTiTebuli

kanonieri miznebis aseTi Sinaarsobrivi ganvrcoba imoqmedebs sicocxlis

uflebis dacvis sazianod, rac miuRebelia da ewinaaRmdegeba princips

konvenciaSi uflebaTa SemzRudveli debulebebis farTo interpretaci�

is dauSveblobis Sesaxeb. erTaderTi misaRebi iterpretacia `kanonieri

dakavebis~ miznisa SemogvTavazes o’boilma, harisma da uorbrikma. maTi

azriT, konvenciis me�2 muxlSi sityvebi _ `kanonieri dakaveba“ _ unda

20 ix. S. Joseph, Denouement of the Death on the Rock: the Right to Life of Terrorists; Netherlands Quarterly on Human Rights, 14 (1996), DD.J. Harris; MM. O’Boyle, C. WarbricK, miTiTebuli naS�romi, gv. 51. Trechsel Stefan, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 684.

110

eva gociriZe

ganmartebuliyo konvenciis me�5 muxlis WrilSi, romlis mixedviTac,

pirovnebis dakavebis mizani unda iyos ùflebamosili samarTlebrivi

organos winaSe wardgena~21 da ara momavalSi (ganusazRvreli) danaSau�

lis Cadenis aRkveTa farTo gagebiT. isini iziareben Sexedulebas, rom

momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyeneba arasdros iqneba àucilebeli“ da, miT

ufro, ̀ absoluturad aucilebeli“ momavali, ganusazRvreli (undefined) kriminaluri aqtebis aRsakveTad.22

momavali SesaZlo danaSaulis aRkveTis Sorsmimavali da TavisTavad

marTlzomieri mizani rom ver gamodgeba danaSaulSi eWvmitanilis an gaq� mizani rom ver gamodgeba danaSaulSi eWvmitanilis an gaq�

ceuli patimris winaaRmdeg momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyenebis gasamar�

Tleblad, ubralo logikidanac gamomdinareobs: gaugebaria, ras emyareba

danaSaulSi eWvmitanilis an Tundac ukve damnaSaved cnobili gaqceuli

patimris ganzraxi an gaufrTxileblobiT mkvleloba saerTod da, miT

umetes, sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis pirobebSi, romelic SeiZleboda

gamoyenebuliyo mZime danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, Tuki pirs brali daumt�

kicdeboda mtkicebis umaRlesi _ safuZvliani eWvis miRma (beyond the reasonable doubt) _ standartiT? Tu sicocxlis uflebis dacvis Taname�

drove evropul standarts ar Seesabameba umZimesi danaSaulis namdvilad

Camdeni piris sicocxlis mospoba, rogorRa gavamarTloT nebismieri

(mZime, naklebad mZime, msubuqi) danaSaulis Camdenisa da, miT umetes, jer

kidev èWvmitanilis~ (an visac jer èWvmitanilis~ statusic ar gaaCnia)

sicocxlis xelyofis marTlzomiereba maTi dakavebis an gaqcevis aRkve�marTlzomiereba maTi dakavebis an gaqcevis aRkve� maTi dakavebis an gaqcevis aRkve�

Tis miznebiT?

saerToevropuli konsensusis miuxedavad, es ar Seesabameba arc ev�saerToevropuli konsensusis miuxedavad, es ar Seesabameba arc ev� konsensusis miuxedavad, es ar Seesabameba arc ev�ev�

Tanaziis sakiTxSi evropuli sasamarTlos midgomas, romelic sicocx� sakiTxSi evropuli sasamarTlos midgomas, romelic sicocx�

lis, rogorc umaRlesi adamianuri Rirebulebis, argumentis moSveli�

ebiT jerjerobiT Tavs ikavebs aqtiuri evTanaziis marTlzomierebis

aRiarebisagan da `sicocxlis dacvad~ ganixilavs momakvdavi adamianis

darCenili gausaZlisi sicocxlis Semoklebaze uaris Tqmas, misi da�

Jinebuli moTxovnis miuxedavad. vfiqrobT, sicocxlis uflebis dacvis

is maRali standarti, romelsac gulisxmobs sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmeba

da evTanaziis marTlzomierebis araRiareba, ar Seesatyviseba `kanon�evTanaziis marTlzomierebis araRiareba, ar Seesatyviseba `kanon� marTlzomierebis araRiareba, ar Seesatyviseba `kanon�marTlzomierebis araRiareba, ar Seesatyviseba `kanon� araRiareba, ar Seesatyviseba `kanon�araRiareba, ar Seesatyviseba `kanon� ar Seesatyviseba `kanon�

ieri dakavebis~ an `kanonierad dapatimrebuli piris gaqcevis aRkveTis~

21 ix. konvenciis me�5 muxlis 1�li punqtis c qvepunqti.22 D.J.. Harris, MM. O’Boyle, C. Warbrick, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 50�52.

111


miznebiT momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyenebis marTlzomierebis daSvebas.

Cveni daskvniT, eWvmitanilis an gaqceuli patimris dakavebisas

ganzrax mkvleloba da, saerTod, momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyeneba

marTlzomieri SeiZleba iyos mxolod maSin, rodesac es pirebi mimar� SeiZleba iyos mxolod maSin, rodesac es pirebi mimar�

Taven saSiS Zaladobas da qmnian aSkara da realur safrTxes sxvaTa si�

cocxlisaTvis. (aseTive Sexeduleba gamoTqves van deikma da van hof�

ma.23) magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, aseTi SemTxvevebi unda dasabuTdes da

gamarTldes konvenciis me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtis à~ qvepunqtis safuZ� qvepunqtis safuZ�

velze _ ùkanono Zaladobisagan adamianis dacvis~ mizanTan mimarTe�

biT. `kanonieri dakavebis~ da `kanonierad dapatimrebuli piris gaqce�

vis aRkveTis~ mizanTa oden arseboba ki verasdros Seqmnis ganzraxi da

Tundac gaufrTxileblobiT mkvlelobis absolutur aucileblobas. es

is SemTxvevebia, rodesac dasaxuli `miznebi~ ver amarTlebs `sicocxlis

mospobas~, rogorc `saSualebas~.

5. ZiriTadi ganzomilebani da Sefasebis etapebi

Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba, konvenciis me�2 muxlis

konteqstSi, faqtobrivad, pirovnebis winaaRmdeg saxelmwifos mxridan

Zalis gamoyenebis marTlzomierebis ganmartebaa. magram rodis CaiTvle�marTlzomierebis ganmartebaa. magram rodis CaiTvle� ganmartebaa. magram rodis CaiTvle�

ba saxelmwifos mxridan Zalis gamoyeneba àbsolutur aucileblobad~

da, maSasadame, `marTlzomierad~? riT aRemateba igi àucilebels~ da

ra sqemiT unda warimarTos misi dasabuTeba?

rogorc aRvniSneT, am dros gamoiyeneba proporciulobis principi.

proporciulobis principi TavisTavad gulisxmobs imas, rom ar unda

iqnes gamoyenebuli Warbi, eqscesiuri, gadametebuli Zala. amis dasab�eqscesiuri, gadametebuli Zala. amis dasab� gadametebuli Zala. amis dasab�

uTeba Semdeg logikur sqemas gulisxmobs:

Tavdapirvelad unda gairkves, emsaxureboda Tu ara Zalis gamoyeneba

konvenciis me�2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul `kanonier mizans~ da iyo Tu

ara SesaZlebeli Zalis gamoyenebis gziT am miznis miRweva;

Semdeg unda dadgindes, arsebobda Tu ara Zalis gamoyenebis ̀ aucile�

bloba~. Tu miznis miRweva konkretul drosa da viTarebaSi SesaZlebeli

23 P. Van Dijk, G.J.H. van Hoof, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 305.

112

eva gociriZe

iyo Zalis gamoyenebis gareSec _ sxva saSualebebiT, maSin Zalis gamoy�

eneba ver CaiTvleba àucileblobad~ da me�2 muxlis darRvevac ukve

saxezea. magram Tu dadgindeba, rom miznis miRweva Zalis gamoyenebis ga�

reSe SeuZlebeli iyo, unda vaRiaroT Zalis gamoyenebis àucilebloba~,

Tumca es jer kidev ar iqneba sakmarisi;

rac mTavaria, unda dadgindes, rom dasaxuli miznis miRweva SeuZle�

beli iyo swored iseTi Zalis gamouyeneblad, romelic pirovnebis wi�

naaRmdeg realurad iqna gamoyenebuli. Sesabamisad, Tu dadgindeba, rom

dasaxuli miznis miRweva konkretul drosa da viTarebaSi SesaZlebeli

iyo naklebi Zalis gamoyenebiTac, maSin gamoyenebuli Zalis aucile�

bloba ver miaRwevs àbsoluturobis~ xarisxs.

amgvarad, Zalis gamoyenebis àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ ZiriTadi

ganmsazRvreli unda iyos miznis miRwevis sxva alternatiul saSualeba�

Ta ararseboba an uvargisoba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom swored es negatiuri

niSani iTvleba àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ mTavar ganzomilebad.24

àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ aseTi interpretacia metad mniS�

vnelovania, vinaidan xSirad SeiZleba arsebobdes piris mimarT min�

imaluri Zalis gamoyenebis aucilebloba, magram, faqtobrivad, gam�

oyenebuli iyos eqscesiuri, maT Soris, momakvdinebeli Zala. cxadia,

minimaluri Zalis gamoyenebis aucilebloba ver gaamarTlebs masze

ufro meti Zalis gamoyenebas, miT ufro maSin, rodesac Zalis gamoy�

24 aRsaniSnavia, rom ̀ alternatiul saSualebaTa ararseboba~ da ̀ SesaZleblad naklebi zianisa Tu tanjvis miyeneba“ (the least possible amount of suffering and injury) aRiarebuli principebia SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis samarTalSi. Jenevis konvenciis pirveli oqmi (muxli №35) krZalavs iseTi saxis sabrZolo iaraRis, masalebisa Tu meTodebis gamoyenebas, romlebic iwveven `gadaWarbebul zians an araaucilebel (zedmet) tanjvas~ (superfluous injury or unnec-essary suffering). amasTan, termini _ ùnnecessary _ ganmartebulia negatiuri aspeqtiT da miCneulia, rom konvenciis debuleba uSvebs zemoaRniSnuli iaraRis gamoyenebas mxolod àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ viTarebaSi, anu maSin, rodesac ar arsebobs sxva xelmisawv�domi alternatiuli saSualebani Sesabamisi kanonieri miznis misaRwevad. axleburi mid�gomebis Sesabamisad, SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis samarTali, romelic gansazRvravs Zalis gamoyenebis serTaSoriso principebs, sul ufro da ufro metad asaxavs adamianis ufle�baTa garantiebs. mTavar Rirebulebad miiCneva àdamiani~ da ara `samxedro aucilebloba~. zemoaRniSnuli principebis gamoyeneba SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis sferoSi, erTi mxriv, miuTiTebs am sferoSi samarTlebrivi normebis humanizaciaze da, meore mxriv, erTgvarad mogviwodebs kidevac saxelmwifos mier adamianTa winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyenebis yvela SemTxvevaSi adamianis uflebaTa erTgvarovani standartebis gamoyenebisaken. am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ix: Francisco forrest Martin, Using International Human Rights Law for Establishing a Unified Use of Force Rule in the Law of Armed Conflict, Saskatchewan Law Review, University of Saskatchewan, College of Law, Volume 64(2), 2001.

113


enebis eqscesiuroba Zalze aSkaraa. magaliTad, araZaladobriv dana�eqscesiuroba Zalze aSkaraa. magaliTad, araZaladobriv dana� Zalze aSkaraa. magaliTad, araZaladobriv dana�araZaladobriv dana� dana�

SaulSi eWvmitanili piris dakavebis dros, romelic SeiaraRebuli ar

aris, cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba, yvela SemTxvevaSi eqscesiuri

iqneba, imis miuxedavad, gamoiwvia Tu ara aman sikvdili. cxadia, ase�

Ti SemTxvevebi veranairad ver iqneba gamarTlebuli konvenciis me�2

muxliT. ufro metic, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am muxlis dedaazri da

saerTo suliskveTeba, pirvel rigSi, swored sicocxlis uflebis da�

sacavad eqscesiuri Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalvaa. cxovrebaSic gacile�eqscesiuri Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalvaa. cxovrebaSic gacile� Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalvaa. cxovrebaSic gacile�

biT ufro xSiria iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac policieli an Zalis gamoy�

enebis uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili saxelmwifos sxva agenti eqsce�eqsce�

siur Zalas iyenebs, vidre iseTi, rodesac Zalis gamoyeneba sruliad

usafuZvlo iyo. demokratiul sazogadoebaSi isedac naklebia Zalis

sruliad usafuZvlod gamoyenebis mosalodneloba. SerCeuli Zalis

Sesatyvisobis sakiTxi ki gacilebiT xSirad SeiZleba gaxdes sadavo

da problemuri. amitom, Tu konvenciis me�2 muxliT moculi ar iqneba

eqscesiuri Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi, sicocxlis xelyofa saxelm� Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi, sicocxlis xelyofa saxelm�

wifos mxridan Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad gacilebiT xSirad aRmoCnde�

ba `marTlzomieri~ aqti, vidre àramarTlzomieri~. amitom, rodesac

saubaria Zalis gamoyenebis absolutur aucileblobaze, masSi unda

vigulisxmoT iseTi Zalis gamoyeneba, romelic pirovnebis winaaRmdeg

aucileblobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

bunebrivia, swori warmodgena unda gvqondes imazec, Tu ras gulisx�

mobs sxva saSualebebis an naklebi Zalis gamoyenebiT miznis miRwevis

`SeuZlebloba~. Cveni rwmeniT, aseTi `SeuZleblobac~ àbsoluturi~

unda iyos; àbsoluturad aucilebels~ negatiur planSi àbsolutu�

rad SeuZlebeli~ Seesabameba. magram es mxolod logikuri argumen�

tia. radgan ideaSi absoluturad SeuZlebeli an gamoricxuli arafe�

ria, garkveuli ukandaxeva am standartidan gardauvalia. garda amisa,

es, uwinaresad, samarTlebrivi, uflebrivi sakiTxia da yvelaferi mas

unda daeqvemdebaros. Sesabamisad, sakiTxi ase unda daisvas: ramde�

nad didi SeiZleba iyos sicocxlis gaumarTlebeli xelyofis riski

da SeiZleba Tu ara aseTi riski gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos Sesabam�

is SemTxvevaSi. amitom sicocxlis gaumarTlebeli xelyofis riski

SeiZleba davuSvaT kidevac, magram igi ise ukiduresad mcire unda

iyos, rom, faqtobrivad, aseTi riskis ararsebobis viTarebas unda

114

eva gociriZe

emijnebodes. am standartze ufro maRali riskisa da albaTobis daS�am standartze ufro maRali riskisa da albaTobis daS� standartze ufro maRali riskisa da albaTobis daS�

veba, Tundac isini absolutur ganzomilebaSi `mcires~ xarisxobriv

maCvenebels Seesabamebodnen, miuRebeli iqneba. Sesabamisad, àbsolu�

turi aucileblobis~ negatiur maxasiaTeblebTan mimarTebiT sruli

ufleba gvaqvs gamoviyenoT terminebi _ `SeuZlebeli~, `gamoricxuli~

da maTSi vigulisxmoT absolutur ganzomilebasTan miaxloebuli Si�vigulisxmoT absolutur ganzomilebasTan miaxloebuli Si� absolutur ganzomilebasTan miaxloebuli Si�

naarsi, mxolod ukiduresad mcire ukandaxeviT. zemoaRniSnuli stan�ukandaxeviT. zemoaRniSnuli stan� stan�

dartebi ara marto emyareba logikur aucileblobas, aramed, uwin�

aresad, nakarnaxevia sicocxlis uflebis gaumarTlebeli xelyofisa�

gan dacvis mosazrebebiT da mTlianad Seesabameba sicocxlis uflebis

daculobis mimarT evropuli konvenciis mTel suliskveTebas.25

da kidev erTi: zemoaRniSnuli sqemis gamoyeneba da Sefasebis TiToeu�

li etapi imavdroulad gulisxmobs dapirispirebul RirebulebaTa (erTi

mxriv _ sicocxlis uflebas da meore mxriv _ Sesabamis kanonier mizan�

Ta ganxorcielebas) Soris prioritetis gansazRvras yovel konkretul

SemTxvevaSi konkretuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. prioritetis

gansazRvra ki unda daeqvemdebaros imis Sefasebas, Tu Sesabamis SemTx�

vevaSi ra ufro mniSvnelovani iyo _ kanonier mizanTa miRweva sicocxlis

uflebis xelyofis xarjze Tu adamianis sicocxlis dazogva kanonier

mizanTa ganuxorcieleblobis fasad. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania

ganzraxi mkvlelobis dros. xedvis mTavari kuTxe erovnuli xelisu� mkvlelobis dros. xedvis mTavari kuTxe erovnuli xelisu�

flebisa Tu evropuli sasamarTlosaTvis unda iyos imis gansazRvra, iyo

Tu ara adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi `sakmarisi

gamarTleba~ Sesabamisi kanonieri miznis gansaxorcieleblad. Tu `Za�

25 amasTan dakavSirebiT, uaResad sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom ̀ absoluturi aucileblobis~ kriteriums iyeneben im pirobaTa interpretaciis drosac, romlebsac konvenciis me�15 muxli iTvaliswinebs sicocxlis uflebidan gadaxvevisas. es muxli sicocxlis uflebidan gadaxvevas uSvebs mxolod im zomiT, rasac mkacrad moiTxovs (strictly required) mdgomareobis simwvave. uflebidan gadaxvevis RonisZiebebi ki ar unda iyos SeuTavsebeli saxelmwifos sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv valdebulebebTan. rogorc f. martini miuTiTebs, ter�minSi _ `mkacrad moiTxovs~ _ unda vigulisxmoT àbsoluturi aucilebloba~, konvenciis me�2 muxlis gagebiT. `sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv valdebulebebSi~ ki, sxva ufle�bebTan erTad, uTuod adamianuri mopyrobis uflebac, romlidan gadaxveva omis drosac akrZalulia da, romelic saxelmwifoebs nebas rTavs, gamoiyenos Zala mxolod absolu�turi aucileblobis dros, e.i. maSin, rodesac ar arsebobs sxva alternatuli saSualeba, garda zianis miyenebisa da, mxolod im pirobiT, rom Sesabamisi saSualeba Tu meTodi iwvevs adamianisaTvis SesaZleblad nakleb (least possible) satanjvels. ix. M.Martin, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 366�367.

115


lis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis~ Sefaseba ar gulisxmobs

aseT TvalTaxedvas, maSin konvenciis me�2 muxlis safuZvelze SeiZleba

gamarTldes yvelaze miuRebeli SemTxvevebic ki adamianis mkvlelobisa

da dasabuTebis zemoT Camoyalibebuli sqemac dakargavs Tavis Sinaarssa

da daniSnulebas. aseTi SeSfoTebis yvelaze met safuZvels qmnis `kano�`kano�

nieri dakavebis~ da kanonierad dapatimrebuli piris gaqcevis aRkveTis

`mizanTa miTiTeba konvenciis me�2 muxlSi. zogjer, SesaZloa, Zalis gam�mizanTa miTiTeba konvenciis me�2 muxlSi. zogjer, SesaZloa, Zalis gam�me�2 muxlSi. zogjer, SesaZloa, Zalis gam� muxlSi. zogjer, SesaZloa, Zalis gam�

oyeneba marTlac erTadarTi gza iyos ukve Sors gaqceuli eWvmitani�erTadarTi gza iyos ukve Sors gaqceuli eWvmitani� gza iyos ukve Sors gaqceuli eWvmitani�

lis an patimris SesaCereblad, magram iqneba ki misi mkvleloba dasaxuli

kanonieri miznebiT gamarTlebuli yvela SemTxvevaSi, imis miuxedavad, Tu

vin iyo es pirovneba, ra simZimis danaSauli hqonda mas Cadenili, an raSi

iyo eWvmitanili, hqonda Tu ara iaraRi, apirebda Tu ara winaaRmdegobis

gawevasa da saSiSi Zaladobis gamoyenebas an, savaraudod, ra safrTxes

uqadda sazogadoebas misi gaqceva da droebiTi Tavisufleba? amitom

migvaCnia, rom `Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis~ Sefaseba

RirebulebaTa konfliqtis WrilSi prioritetebis marTebulad gansaz�prioritetebis marTebulad gansaz� marTebulad gansaz�

Rvris gziT unda moxdes da ara ~Zalis gamoyenebasa~ da ~mizanTa miRweva�miRweva�

dobas~ Soris mxolod teqnikuri gaTvlebiT.

Tu konvenciis organoebis mier konvenciis me�2 muxlTan dakavSirebiT

Seqmnil sasamarTlo praqtikas gadavxedavT, davrwmundebiT, rom `Zalis

gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis~ Sefaseba zemoaRniSnuli prin�

cipebis safuZvelze xorcieldeba. rogorc wesi, ganzrax mkvlelobis

gamarTleba ukavSirdeba pirisagan warmomdgar seriozul safrTxes da

calke Sefasebis sagania, amowura Tu ara saxelmwifom sxva saSualebebi

miznis misaRwevad da marTlac iyo Tu ara Sesabamisi Zalis gamoyeneba

ukiduresi saSualeba (last resort) saamisod.26

magaliTad, saqmeSi — Wolfgram v. FRG 27 — eWvmitanilTa mkvlelobis

gamarTleba daefuZna maT mier policielTaTvis SeiaraRebuli winaaR�

26 magaliTisaTvis ix. Juaraitieme and Bikulcius v. Lituania; App. N70659/01. Decision of 19 May 2005.

27 Wolfgram v. FRG. App. N11257/84. 49. DR. 213. 1986. policia cdilobda daepatimrebina xuTi adamiani, savsebiT safuZvlianad eWvmitanilni imaSi, rom SeiaraRebulni iyvnen saSiSi iara�RiT da Cadenili hqondaT yaCaRoba. eWvmitanilebma policias yumbara esroles. amis Semdeg policiam gaxsna cecxli da mokla ori maTgani. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam miiCnia, rom am SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi Zalis gamoyeneba unda miCneuliyo àbsolutur auci�leblobad~, rogorc Tavis dasacavad, ise kanonieri dakavebisaTvis.

116

eva gociriZe

mdegobis gawevas. saqmeSi — Nachova and Others v. Bulgaria28 — evropulma

sasamarTlom (rogorc palatam, ise didma palatam) dadgenilad miiC�

nia policiis mier gadaWarbebuli Zalis gamoyeneba samxedro nawilidan

gaqceuli ori axalgazrdis dakavebisas, romlebic sofelSi, erT�erTi

maTganis bebiis binaSi imalebodnen. rodesac policiam saxls alya Se�

moartya, isini Seecadnen gaqcevas. gamafrTxilebeli gasrolis Semdeg

policiam maT cecxli gauxsna, ris Sedegadac orive maTgani daiRupa. am

saqmeSi sasamarTlom aRiara gadaWarbebuli Zalis gamoyeneba da konven�

ciis me�2 muxlis rogorc arsebiTi, ise procesualuri darRveva (saqmis

jerovnad gamouZieblobis gamo).

amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom evropuli komisiisa da sasamarTlos zo�

gierTi gadawyvetileba eWvs iwvevs. kargad ar aris damuSavebuli sakiTxi,

CaiTvleba Tu ara gamoyenebuli Zala àbsolutur aucileblobad~, Tu

Sesabamisi pirisgan momdinare safrTxe Semcirebulia an ganeitralebu�

li. o’boili, harisi da uorbriki svamen kiTxvas, proporciulobis prin�

cipidan gamomdinare, ramdenad gamarTlebulia, eWvmitanilis mimarT

gagrZeldes srola, rodesac is daWrilia an neitralizebuli.29 aris

SemTxvevebi, rodesac Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba

uaryofili ar aris sxvaTa sicocxlisaTvis aSkara safrTxis ararsebo�

bis miuxedavad da àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ gamarTleba emyareba

pirovnebis saSiSroebas (magaliTad, imas, rom igi teroristia) da misi

mxridan momavalSi danaSaulis Cadenis SesaZleblobas. yovelTvis prin�

cipulad ar dgas imis Semowmebis moTxovna, amowura Tu ara saxelmwifom

sxva saSualebani miznis misaRwevad da marTlac iyo Tu ara Sesabamisi

Zalis gamoyeneba ukanaskneli saSualeba saamisod da sxva.

magaliTad, saqmeze _ Diaz Ruano v. Spain30 _ miRebuli gadawyvetile�

ba sakamaTod gvesaxeba. eWvmitanili, 21 wlis axalgazrda, romelsac

ar gaaCnda kriminaluri warsuli, yaCaRobis Cadenis eWviT, advokatis

gareSe imyofeboda policiaSi dasakiTxad. dakiTxvas awarmoebda ori

policieli. man uecrad gamostaca iaraRi erT�erT maTgans da esrola

meores, magram aacila. policielma ki, romelsac eWvmitanilma esrola,

gamoglija mas xelidan iaraRi da mokla igi. evropulma komisiam miiCnia,

28 Nachova and Others v.Bulgaria, judgment of 26 February 2004.29 D.J. Harris, M.O’Boyle, C. Warbrick, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 48.30 Diaz Ruano v. Spain, A. 285-B (1994), Com.Rep.

117


rom axalgazrdis mkvleloba ar ewinaaRmdegeboda me�2 muxlis me�2 pun�axalgazrdis mkvleloba ar ewinaaRmdegeboda me�2 muxlis me�2 pun� mkvleloba ar ewinaaRmdegeboda me�2 muxlis me�2 pun�me�2 muxlis me�2 pun� muxlis me�2 pun�me�2 pun� pun�

qtis moTxovnebs da, rom is absoluturad aucilebeli iyo policielTa

sicocxlis dasacavad. Cveni azriT, àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ yve�

la moTxovna am saqmeSi dakmayofilebuli ar aris, kerZod _ moTxov�

na miznis misaRwevad naklebi Zalis gamoyenebis SeuZleblobisa. Zneli

dasajerebelia, rom mas Semdeg, rac policiam daibruna Tavisi iaraRi,

axalgazrdis mokvla, romelic ukve ganiaraRebuli iyo da pirispir aR� mokvla, romelic ukve ganiaraRebuli iyo da pirispir aR�

moCnda ori SeiaraRebuli policielis winaSe policiis SenobaSi, abso�

luturad aucilebeli iyo policielTa sicocxlis dasacavad.

araerTi TvalsazrisiT, kidev ufro sadavoa gadawyvetileba saqmeze

_ Kelley v. The United Kingdom.31 CrdiloeT irlandiaSi 17 wlis biWs,

romelic Tavisuflad daTareSobda moparuli manqaniT samxedro sakon�

trolo punqtis garSemo, samxedroebma cecxli gauxsnes da manqanaSi

Cacxriles. erovnuli sasamarTloebis azriT, arsebobda gonivruli

safuZveli imis misaCnevad, rom axalgazrda teroristi iyo, rom misT�

vis cecxlis gaxsna erTaderTi gza iyo manqanis gasaCereblad da Tu igi

Tavs daaRwevda, Caidenda teroristul aqts. evropulma komisiam miiC� evropulma komisiam miiC�evropulma komisiam miiC�

nia, rom mas esroles dasakaveblad, rac, Tavis mxriv, miznad isaxavda

momavalSi mis mier danaSaulis Cadenis aRkveTas.

komisiis es gadawyvetileba uaryofiTad aris Sefasebuli. jer

erTi, konvenciis me�2 muxli miuTiTebs `kanonier dakavebaze.~ erovnu�me�2 muxli miuTiTebs `kanonier dakavebaze.~ erovnu� muxli miuTiTebs `kanonier dakavebaze.~ erovnu�

li kanonmdeblobiT ki samxedroebs danaSaulSi eWvmitanilis dakavebis

uflebamosileba ar gaaCndaT. `danaSaulis aRkveTa~ (farTo gagebiT)

saerTod ar aris me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli kanon�me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli kanon� muxlis me�2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli kanon�me�2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli kanon� punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli kanon�

ieri mizani. aseT mizans SeiZleboda gaemarTlebina Zalis gamoyeneba,

Tu saqme Seexeboda ùkanono Zaladobas~, romlis Cadenasac `teroris�

ti~ apirebda; magram sruliad gaumarTlebeli iyo `danaSaulis aRkve�

Tis~ miznis kanonierad miCneva me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtis safuZvelze,

rodesac saqme Seexeboda ara konkretul dagegmil danaSauls, aramed

31 Kelly v. The United Kingdom, app. N17579/90(1993). kritika daimsaxura imanac, rom komisiam yuradReba gaamaxvila CrdiloeT irlandiaSi sagangebo mdgomareobis arsebobaze. am miniS�nebidan arapirdapir gamomdinareobda, rom es garemoeba TiTqos amcirebda Zalis gamoy�enebis absoluturi aucileblobis standarts. es ki miuRebeli iyo, vinaidan kovenciis me�15 muxli krZalavs konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadaxvevas sagangebo mdgo�mareobis dros. ix. Trechsel Stefan, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 683. S. Joseph, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv. 9.

118

eva gociriZe

ganusazRvrel danaSauls, romelic SeiZleboda `terorists~ momaval� SeiZleboda `terorists~ momaval�SeiZleboda `terorists~ momaval� `terorists~ momaval�`terorists~ momaval�

Si Caedina. zemoaRniSnul SedarebiT Zvel (1993) saqmeze yuradRebis

gamaxvileba imdenad miviCnieT saWirod, rom dRes, saerTaSoriso ter� dRes, saerTaSoriso ter�dRes, saerTaSoriso ter�

orizmis pirobebSi, mis winaaRmdeg brZolis gaaqtiurebam ar gamoi�

wvios adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis calkeul faqtTan Semgueblobis

saSiSi tendencia da msxverplad ar Seiwiros is umTavresi Rirebule�

bani, rasac Tavad terorizmis winaaRmdeg saerTaSoriso Zalisxmeva em�

saxureba.

6. aris Tu ara àbsoluturi aucilebloba~ obieqturi

Kelly�s zemoaRniSnuli saqmisagan gansxvavebiT, konkretuli Zalado� zemoaRniSnuli saqmisagan gansxvavebiT, konkretuli Zalado�Zalado�

brivi danaSaulis (teroristuli aqtis) aRkveTas emsaxureboda ganzrax

mkvleloba saqmeSi _ McCann v. The United Kingdom. am saqmem wamoWra

sxva mniSvnelovani problema, kerZod _ SeiZleba Tu ara gamoyenebuli

Zala absolutur aucileblobad miviCnioT, Tu àbsoluturi aucile� àbsoluturi aucile�àbsoluturi aucile�

bloba~ arsebobs ara sinamdvileSi, aramed _ mxolod Zalis gamomyene�

beli subieqtis warmosaxvaSi. am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema gulisxmobs

Semdegi principuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetas: aris Tu ara àbsoluturi

aucilebloba~ obieqturi kategoria konvenciis me�2 muxlis gagebiT,

da, maSasadame, yovelTvis saWiroa Tu ara obieqturad arsebobdes Za�

lis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba imisaTvis, raTa adamianis

sicocxlis mospoba Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad ar iqnes miCneuli am mux�

lis darRvevad.

sicxadisaTvis imis aRniSvnac Rirs, rom, Tavis mxriv, viTarebis Se�

fasebisas Secdoma SeiZleba iyos nawilobrivi an sruli. pirvel SemTx�

vevaSi saqme gveqneba viTarebisaTvis Seuferebeli _ Warbi, gadametebuli

Zalis gamoyenebasTan, meore SemTxvevaSi ki Zalis sruliad usafuZvlo

gamoyenebasTan. Tumca, raki orive SemTxvevaSi saqme `Secdomas~ Seexeba,

maTdami midgomac logikuria, raTa erTgvarovani iyos _ an orive Sem�

TxvevaSi unda iqnes konvenciis darRveva aRiarebuli, an arcerTSi. gan�

sxvavebul samarTlebriv Sedegebs SeiZleba iwvevdes mxolod Secdomis

safuZvlianobis sxvadasxva xarisxi obieqturi TvalsazrisiT. daviwyoT

bolodan:

119


rodesac Secdomis safuZveli saerTod ar arsebobs, an mcirea da

viTarebis araswori Sefaseba ganpirobebulia subieqturi mizezebiT _

gaufrTxileblobiT (magaliTad, uyuradRebobiT, saqmisadmi zerele

damokidebulebiT da sxva), cxadia, verc Zalis gamomyenebeli saxelmwi�

fos agenti ver gaTavisufldeba samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan

(Sida samarTlis safuZvelze) da verc saxelmwifo _ konvenciis winaSe

pasuxismgeblobisagan. saxelmwifo yovelTvis iqneba pasuxismgebeli

konvenciis winaSe Tavisi agentis SecdomisaTvis. magram sakiTxi ufro

rTuldeba maSin, rodesac arsebobda seriozuli winapiroba SecdomiT

imis miCnevisa, rom Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba arse�

bobda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom `SecdomasTan~ dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi sir�

Tule konvenciis uklebliv yvela muxlTan mimarTebiT SeiZleba war�

moiSvas da sruliad sxvadsxvagvar sibrtyeSi. garda amisa, igi pirdapir

ukavSirdeba bralis sakiTxebs saerTaSoriso samarTalSi, romelsac ada�

mianis uflebaTa sferoSi Tavisi specifika aqvs. amitom zemoT dayeneb�

uli sakiTxi im TvalsazrisiTac unda iqnes gaazrebuli, Tu ra gzas mi�

hyveba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis samarTali _ saxelmwi�

foTa braleuli pasuxismgeblobis princips Tu obieqturi Seracxvisas;

gulisxmobs Tu ara konvenciis darRvevis aRiareba saxelmwifos ̀ brals~

Sesabamisi uflebis darRvevaSi, da Tu ho, ra Sinaarsi, ra roli akisria

mas. udavoa isic, rom es sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria kinvenciis

me�2 muxlTan mimarTebiT _ erTi mxriv, swored imitom, rom sicocx� muxlTan mimarTebiT _ erTi mxriv, swored imitom, rom sicocx�mimarTebiT _ erTi mxriv, swored imitom, rom sicocx� erTi mxriv, swored imitom, rom sicocx�

lis uflebas Seexeba, da meore mxriv, imitom, rom `Zalis gamoyenebis

absoluturi aucileblobis~ cneba did gasaqans iZleva Teoriul da

praqtikul planSi misi gansxvavebuli gaazrebisaTvis. Zalis gamoyenebis

saWiroeba xom TiTqmis absoluturad umravles SemTxvevaSi spontanu�

rad warmoiSoba; àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ ucdomeli da uswrafesi

Sefaseba ki ioli ar aris. didia Secdomis riski. amis miuxedavad, Cveni

azriT, ar egebis SeRavaTebi davuwesoT saxelmwifos Zalis gamoyenebis

marTlzomierebis Sefasebis sferoSi sicocxlis uflebis sazianod. es

unda iyos amosavali punqti zemoaRniSnul sakiTxze msjelobisas.

dasawyisSive kargad unda gavacnobieroT is garemoeba, rom, rodesac

Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucilebloba mxolod subieqtis war�

modgenaSi arsebobs da ara realurad, aq SemTxvevaTa ori wyeba igulisx�

120

eva gociriZe

meba: pirveli _ rodesac pirisagan, romlis mimarTac Zala gamoiyenes,

realurad araviTari safrTxe ar warmodgeboda, magram arsebobda Zal�

ze Zlieri winapiroba seriozuli safrTxis iluziis Sesaqmnelad; meore

_ rodesac garkveuli safrTxe warmodgeboda, magram arsebobda aseTive

Zlieri winapiroba am safrTxis seriozulad miCnevisaTvis. orive Sem�

TxvevaSi, rogorc `safrTxis seriozuloba~, ise `Zalis gamoyenebis ab�

soluturi aucilebloba~ iluziuria. saqme gvaqvs iluziuri safrTxis

mogeriebasTan. sisxlis samarTalSi amas `moCvenebiTi mogeriebis~ mdgo�

mareobas uwodeben da aseT dros pirovnuli pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi

bralis principis safuZvelze wydeba. magram unda daisajos Tu ara sax�

elmwifo maSinac ki, rodesac misi agenti arabraleulad moqmedebda?

es sakiTxi evropuli sasamarTlos mier principulad gadawyvetili

ar aris da, rogorc Cans, arc sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis ko�precedentuli samarTlis ko� samarTlis ko�

mentatorebs miupyriaT masze jerovani yuradReba. Tumca ganwyobileba

iqiT ixreba, rom gonivruli (sakmarisi safuZvliT ganpirobebuli) Sec�

doma SeiZleba Sewynarebul iqnes. calke Temaa Secdomis gonivrulobis

farglebi; zogjer gamoiyeneba termini _ `Secdomis are~ (margin of error), Tumca misi Sinaarsi konkretuli garemoebebis mixedviT ganisazRvreba

da ara konceptualurad. SedarebiT gamokveTilia o’boilis, harisisa da

uorbrikis Tvalsazrisi. isini iziareben Sexedulebas, rom gonivruli

Secdomis SesaZlebloba mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli (dasaxelebu�

lia SemTxveva, rodesac policiels sjera, rom saqme aqvs SeiaraRebul

pirTan, sinamdvileSi ki es ̀ iaraRi~ saTamaSoa an dautenavi). maTi azriT,

aseT dros gamoyenebuli Zalis proporciuloba warmosaxuli faqtebis

mixedviT unda Sefasdes, da ara im faqtebis mixedviT, romlebic ex post facto iqna dadgenili.32

qvemoT ganxiluli saqme _ McCann v. the United Kingdom _ iseTi Sem�

Txvevaa, rodesac im adamianTa mxridan, vis mimarTac sasikvdilo Zala

gamoiyenes, realurad araviTari safrTxe ar warmodgeboda, magram ar�

sebobda sakmao safuZveli seriozuli safrTxis iluziis Sesaqmnelad.

gaerTianebuli samefos xelisuflebisaTvis (1988) cnobili gaxda, rom

IRA (irlandiis respublikuri armia) gegmavda teraqts gibraltarSi, av�gibraltarSi, av� av�

tomanqanaSi distanciuri marTvis bombis CadebiT. xelisuflebis varau�

32 D.J. Harris, M.O’Boyle, C. Warbrick, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv.48.

121


diT, saSiSi teroristebi iqnebodnen SeiaraRebuli da Sejaxebis SemTx�

vevaSi aucileblad gamoiyenebdnen iaraRs. 6 marts, Tvalyuris devnebis

Sedegad dadginda, rom jon sevijma gobraltarSi daayena avtomanqana,

romelic mogvianebiT daniel makkanma da maired farelma daaTvalieres

(samive maTgani IRA�s wevrebi iyvnen). bombis gauvnebelyofis eqspertma

policiis komisars acnoba, rom, misi varaudiT, avtomanqanaSi bombi iyo

CamontaJebuli. operaciis Catareba daevala sahaero�sadesanto samsax�sahaero�sadesanto samsax� samsax�

urs. am samsaxuris TanamSromlebi aedevnnen zemoaRniSnul pirebs da

rodesac miuaxlovdnen, iaraRis momarjvebiT ubrZanes maT, SeCerebuli�

yvnen. samive maTganma gaakeTa iseTi moZraobebi (xeli waiRes jibeebisa

da xelCanTisaken), rom samxedroebs SeeqmnaT STabeWdileba, TiTqos isi�

ni apirebdnen distanciuri marTvis Rilakze TiTis daWeras da bombis

afeTqebas. samxedroebma cecxlsasroli iaraRiT dacxriles samive maT�

gani. daTvalierebis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom arc avtomanqanaSi iyo bombi

da arc moklulebs hqondaT iaraRi an distanciuri marTvis meqanizmi.

mogvianebiT aRmoaCines sxva avtomanqana asafeTqebeli saSualebiT sru�

liad sxva adgilas.33

sagulisxmoa, rom sakuTriv samxedroebis moqmedeba, romlebic miRe�

buli informaciisa da instruqtaJis safuZvelze moqmedebdnen, evro�

pulma sasamarTlom ar miiCnia me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtis darRvevad.

man miuTiTa, rom samxedroebs gulwrfelad sjerodaT, eWvmitanilTa

gauvnebelyofa Zalis gamoyenebis gziT absoluturad aucilebeli iyo

mosalodneli afeTqebis Tavidan asacileblad da udanaSaulo adami�

anebis sicocxlis gadasarCenad. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom saxelmwifo

samsaxurSi myofi pirebis mier Zalis gamoyeneba, konvenciis me�2 mux�me�2 mux� mux�

lis me�2 punqtSi miTiTebuli miznebis misaRwevad, SeiZleboda gamar�me�2 punqtSi miTiTebuli miznebis misaRwevad, SeiZleboda gamar� punqtSi miTiTebuli miznebis misaRwevad, SeiZleboda gamar�

Tlebulad miCneuliyo, Tu Zalis gamoyeneba emyareboda gulwrfel

Sexedulebas, romelic marTebuli iyo moqmedebis Cadenis dros, magram

Semdeg mcdari aRmoCnda (sasamarTlos azriT, sxvagvari midgoma sax�

elmwifosaTvis ararealuri tvirTis dakisrebas gamoiwvevda).34 evro�

pulma sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom dakavebis operacia mcdar varaudebze

daigegma, ar iyo Seswavlili da damuSavebuli sxva muSa versiebi, rac

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom operacia

33 McCann and Others v. The United Kingdom, judgment of 27 September, 1995.34 McCann, 200.

122

eva gociriZe

Zalis gamoyenebasTan iqneboda dakavSirebuli; xelisuflebas evale�

boda sifrTxilis maqsimumi gamoeCina informaciis Sefasebisa da samx�

edro mosamsaxureebisaTvis instruqtaJis micemisas. misi azriT, saqmis

mixedviT, cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebisas gamoCenili sifrTxilis

xarisxi ar Seesabameboda imas, rasac demokratiul sazogadoebaSi adami�

anebi samarTlianad elian samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa

mxridan da rac savaldebuloa cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis in�

struqciebiT.35

sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom xelisuflebam ver gamoiCina saTanado

sifrTxile da ver ganaxorciela jerovani kontroli eWvmitanilTa da�

kavebis operaciaze (aRniSnuli iyo is garemoebac, rom xelisuflebam

araferi iRona, raTa aRekveTa eWvmitanilebis gibraltarSi Semosvla

da gadaadgileba).36 amitom aseTi operaciis dros Zalis gamoyeneba ver

CaiTvleboda àbsolutur aucileblobad~ aramarTlzomieri Zalado�

bisagan adamianTa dasacavad konvenciis me�2 muxlis gagebiT.37

evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas konvenciis me�2 muxlis

darRvevis Taobaze savsebiT veTanxmebiT, magram sakamaTod gvesaxeba

misi dasabuTeba: sasamarTlom, erTi mxriv, gamoxata Tavisi Tvalsazrisi

da aRniSna, rom saxelmwifo samsaxurSi myofi pirebis mier Zalis gamoy�

enebis gamarTlebulad miCneva SeiZleba, Tu Zalis gamoyeneba emyare�

boda gulwrfel Sexedulebas, romelic marTebuli iyo moqmedebis Ca�

denis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aRmoCnda. am Tvalsazrisis Sesabam�

isad, Semdeg daadastura, rom aRniSnul saqmeSi samxedroebis moqmedeba,

35 McCann, 212.36 bolomde ver daveTanxmebiT f. martins, romelic miiCnevs, rom TiTqos makkeinis saqmeze

evropuli sasamarTlos ganCineba calsaxad amkvidrebdes wess, romlis mixedviT, samx�edro xelisuflebas momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyenebis ufleba maSin gadaecema, rodesac sicocxlis mospobas alternativa ar gaaCnia (ix. Martin, miTiTebuli naSromi, gv.363�366). es TavisTavad mTlianad misaRebi debuleba (winamdebare statiac xom am Sexedulebis damkvidrebas lamobs) ganCinebaSi raime formulis an wesis saxiT gadmocemuli ar aris. marTalia, am saqmeSi Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis uaryofa nawilobriv marTlac daemyara im garemoebas, rom eWvmitanilTa drouli dakaveba ar ganxorcielda (rac adasturebda, rom maTi mkvleloba ar iyo absoluturad aucilebeli afeTqebis Tavidan asacileblad), magram, samwuxarod, ganCinebaSi es Tema ar aris sakmarisad gaSli�li. sasamarTlos xazgasmiT da gamokveTilad ar miuTiTebia, alternatul saSualebaTa ararseboba Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis piroba rom aris. amis miuxe�davad, Tu ganCineba mTlianobaSi aseTi interpretaciis saSualebasac iZleva, am faqts mxolod dadebiTad vexmaurebiT.

37 McCann, 213.

123


ramdenadac isini araswori informaciisa da instruqtaJis safuZvelze

moqmedebdnen da gulwrfelad sjerodaT absoluturi aucileblobis

viTareba, ar ewinaaRmdegeboda konvenciis me�2 muxls; meore mxriv,

miuTiTa, rom usworod dagegmili da arakontrolirebadi operaciis

dros Zalis gamoyeneba ver CaiTvleboda àbsolutur aucileblobad~.

pirveli ori debulebidan aSkarad gamomdinareobs, rom evropuli

sasamarTlos azriT, Zalis gamoyeneba, misi absoluturi aucileblobis

obieqturad ararsebobis miuxedavad, yovelTvis ar ewinaaRmdegeba kon�

venciis me�2 muxls; mesame debuleba ki ufro sapirispiroze metyvelebs,

raki miaCnia, rom gaukontrolebel, ararealur monacemebze dayrdno�gaukontrolebel, ararealur monacemebze dayrdno� ararealur monacemebze dayrdno�

bili Zalis gamoyeneba ver CaiTvleba àbsolutur aucileblobad~. sab�

oloo jamSi, man am ukanasknel safuZvelze dayrdnobiT uaryo kidec

Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis arseboba am saqmeSi. gar�

da amisa, es debulebebi erTobliobaSi iseT STabeWdilebas toveben,

TiTqos am saqmeze saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli operaciis

cudi dagegmviTa da kontrolis ganuxorcieleblobiT amoiwureba da,

rom ara es garemoebebi, udanaSaulo adamianTa mkvlelobisaTvis konven�

ciis darRvevis aRiareba SeuZlebeli iqneboda samxedroebis gulwrfe�

li moqmedebis gamo.

Cveni azriT, arasworia saxelmwifosa da misi agentis moqmedebaTa

cal�calke Sefaseba konvenciasTan mimarTebiT, rac evropulma sa�

samarTlom gaakeTa. SefasebaTa aseTi gamijvnisas sruliad gansxvave�

buli Sedegebi SeiZleba miviRoT: am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, raki Za�

lis aramarTlzomieri gamoyeneba da samxedroebis Secdoma dakavebis

operaciis arasworma dagegmvam gamoiwvia, saxelmwifo mainc mizezobriv

kavSirSi aRmoCnda sicocxlis gaumarTlebel xelyofasTan. swored ami�

tom, saboloo jamSi, swori gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli konvenciis

darRvevis Taobaze, magram warmovidginoT, ra moxdeboda sapirispiro

viTarebaSi.

saxelmwifos agenti yovelTvis winaswari instruqciebis safuZvelze

rodi moqmedebs. xSirad spontanurad warmoiSoba iseTi viTareba, rode�

sac adgilze da dauyovnebliv unda iqnes miRebuli gadawyvetileba Za�

lis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. SesaZloa isec moxdes, rom winaswari gegma da

instruqtaJi swori iyos, magram operaciis ganmaxorcielebelma pirebma

Tavi ver gaarTvan amocanis Sesrulebas, ama Tu im mizeziT adgilze sworad

124

eva gociriZe

ver Seafason arsebuli viTareba, saSiSroebis realuroba da gulwrfe�

lad iwamon Zalis gamoyenebis aucilebloba. maSin gamodis, rom saxelm�

wifos pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli aRar iarsebebs. vfiqrobT, evropul

sasamarTlos Tavi unda Seekavebina samxedro mosamsaxureebis qmedebis

iseTi Sefasebisagan, rom TiTqos maTi moqmedeba ar arRvevda konvenciis

me�2 muxls, raki isini mcdari instruqciis safuZvelze moqmedebdnen da

`gulwrfelad sjerodaT~ àbsoluturi aucileblobis~ viTarebis arse�

boba. evropulma sasamarTlom amiT, faqtobrivad, maTi pirovnuli pa�

suxismgeblobis sakiTxi ganixila da maTi braleuloba uaryo momxdaris

gamo. es ki misi saqme namdvilad ar iyo. aseTi ram mxolod Sesabamisi sax�

elmwifos Sida kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pro�sisxlissamarTlebrivi pro� pro�

ceduris CarCoebSi unda ganxorcieldes. Sesabamisad, Tu dadgindeba maTi

arabraleuloba, isini gaTavisufldebian pasuxismgeblobisagan. calkeul

pirTa qmedebis Sefaseba konvenciasTan mimarTebiT kidev imitom ar aris

swori, rom, maSinac ki, rodesac saxelmwifo moxeleebs warmoadgenen, isi�

ni pirovnulad ver iqnebian pasuxismgebelni im saerTaSorisosamarTle�saerTaSorisosamarTle�samarTle�

brivi valdebulebebis darRvevisaTvis, romelTa Sesrulebac konvenciis

xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs aqvT nakisri.38

magram yvelaze ufro sakamaToa sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven� yvelaze ufro sakamaToa sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven�yvelaze ufro sakamaToa sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven� ufro sakamaToa sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven�ufro sakamaToa sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven� sakamaToa sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven�sakamaToa sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven� sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven�sasamarTlos debuleba, rom konven� debuleba, rom konven�debuleba, rom konven� rom konven�rom konven� konven�konven�

ciis me�2 muxliT Sewynarebul unda iqnes moqmedeba, romelic (mizezTa

gamo) marTebuli iyo misi Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR� marTebuli iyo misi Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR�marTebuli iyo misi Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR� iyo misi Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR�iyo misi Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR� misi Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR�misi Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR� Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR�Cadenis dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR� dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR�dros, magram Semdeg mcdari aR� magram Semdeg mcdari aR�magram Semdeg mcdari aR� Semdeg mcdari aR�Semdeg mcdari aR� mcdari aR�mcdari aR� aR�aR�

moCnda. sakiTxi, SeiZleba Tu ara mcdar warmodgenebze damyarebuli

Zalis gamoyeneba, Tundac `Secdomis safuZvlianobisa~ da saxelmwifo

agentis `keTilsindisieri Secdomis~ pirobebSi konvenciasTan Sesabam� `keTilsindisieri Secdomis~ pirobebSi konvenciasTan Sesabam�`keTilsindisieri Secdomis~ pirobebSi konvenciasTan Sesabam� Secdomis~ pirobebSi konvenciasTan Sesabam�Secdomis~ pirobebSi konvenciasTan Sesabam� pirobebSi konvenciasTan Sesabam�pirobebSi konvenciasTan Sesabam� konvenciasTan Sesabam�konvenciasTan Sesabam� Sesabam�Sesabam�

isad miviCnioT, ioli gadasawyveti ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si� miviCnioT, ioli gadasawyveti ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si�miviCnioT, ioli gadasawyveti ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si� ioli gadasawyveti ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si�ioli gadasawyveti ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si� gadasawyveti ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si�gadasawyveti ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si� ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si�ar aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si� aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si�aris, magram sakiTxi mainc si� magram sakiTxi mainc si�magram sakiTxi mainc si� sakiTxi mainc si�sakiTxi mainc si� mainc si�mainc si� si�si�

cocxlis uflebis sasargeblod unda gadawydes. gonivruli ar iqneba,

saxelmwifo gaTavisufldes konvenciis winaSe pasuxismgeblobisagan

adamianTa mkvlelobis gamo mxolod imitom, rom misi agentis Secdomas

safuZveli gaaCnia. Secdomis (maT Soris keTilsindisieri Secdomis)

mizezi aTasgvari SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, araprofesionalizmi, ga�araprofesionalizmi, ga� ga�

moucdeloba. Secdomis `safuZvlianobis~ xarisxi xSirad am garemoe�

38 sagulisxmoa, rom McCann�is saqme ar aris erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac aqcenti gakeTda saxelmwifos agentis pirovnul pasuxismgeblobaze. igive moxda Diaz Ruano�s saqmeSi. amis gamo evropuli komisiis maSindelma Tavmjdomarem, Stefan trexselma, Tavis gansxvavebul azrSi, romelsac komisiis sxva oTxi wevric SeuerTda, aRniSna, rom Tavisi agentis moq�medebis gamarTleba saxelmwifos saqme iyo. (Diaz Ruano v. Spain, A 285-B(1994) Com.Rep.).

125


bebzec aris damokidebuli, da ara marto msxverplis viqtimur qcev�viqtimur qcev� qcev�

aze, anda movlenaTa sabediswero damTxvevaze. garda amisa, arcTu

iolia yovelTvis `Secdomis~ yvela subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizez�

is moZieba da dadgena, xolo Semdeg _ maT Soris ZiriTadi, mTavari

mizezis ucdomeli gansazRvra. ufro metic, umravles SemTxvevaSi,

swored eqscesiuri Zalis gamoyenebasTan gvaqvs saqme, rac viTarebis

araswori Sefasebis Sedegia da ara uflebamosilebis borotad gamoy�

enebisa. yovel SemTxvevaSi, sakmao safuZveli gvaqvs vivaraudoT, rom

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi Zalis gamoyenebis uflebamosilebiT aR�

Wurvil pirebs, rodesac isini momakvdinebel Zalas iyeneben adamianTa

winaaRmdeg, gulwrfelad sjeraT amis absoluturi aucilebloba da

darwmunebulni arian TavianTi moqmedebis marTlzomierebaSi. amitom

ar migvaCnia mizanSewonilad `gulwrfelobisa~ da `Secdomis safuZv�

lis gonivrulobis~ argumentebi (cal�calke Tu erTad) udanaSaulo

adamianTa mkvlelobis gasamarTleblad iqnes moSveliebuli. makkein�

is saqmeSi sasamarTlos zemoaRniSnuli debulebebisa da midgomebis

farTo gamoyeneba praqtikaSi uTuod gamoiwvevs gaumarTlebel risks

imisas, rom `Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis~ myari kri�

teriumi sicocxlis uflebis damcavi garantiidan sicocxlis gaumar�

Tlebeli xelyofis marTlzomierad miCnevis winapirobad gadaiqces.

aseTsave risks Seicavs amave ganCinebaSi gadmocemuli àbsoluturi

aucileblobis~ interpretacia. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom `bsolutu�`bsolutu�

ri aucileblobisa~ da ̀ aucilebeli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi~ kon� aucileblobisa~ da ̀ aucilebeli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi~ kon�kon�

ceptebs Soris, rogoradac maT ganmartavdnen da iyenebdnen erovnuli

sasamarTloebi, mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba ar iyo da, misi azriTac, am

or standarts Soris gansxvaveba ar iyo imdenad didi, rom mxolod am

safuZvelze yofiliyo SesaZlebeli konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis

aRiareba.39 Cveni azriT, saxelmwifos yvela SemTxvevaSi unda daekisros

pasuxismgebloba adamianTa sicocxlis gaumarTlebeli xelyofisaTvis,

imis miuxedavad, ganapiroba Tu ara es operaciis arasworma dagegmvam

da imis miuxedavadac, Tu ram gamoiwvia agentis Secdoma, an sjero�sjero�

da Tu ara mas gulwrfelad Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucile� Tu ara mas gulwrfelad Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucile�

blobis viTareba. gamonaklisi mxlod Zalze iSviaT, araordinarul

39 MMcCann,154,155. aRsaniSnavia, rom evropul sasamarTlos SemdgomSi es debuleba aRar gaumeorebia da, amdenad, misi kritikisagan Tavs SevikavebT.

126

eva gociriZe

SemTxvevebs SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes. principulad ki, absoluturi

aucileblobis obieqturad arseboba Zalis gamoyenebis marTlzomiere�marTlzomiere�

bis pirobad unda iqnes aRiarebuli.

zemoaRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis safuZvlianobas aZlierebs is gare�

moeba, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis samarTalSi

xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoTa saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi pasuxismge� saxelmwifoTa saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi pasuxismge�saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi pasuxismge� pasuxismge�

bloba konvenciis winaSe, faqtobrivad, obieqturi Seracxvis safuZ�

velze xorcieldeba da ara braleuli pasuxismgeblobis principis

mixedviT. Tavad ùflebaTa darRveva~ obieqturi gamovlinebaa, is

`Sedegia~, risTvisac saxelmwifo yovelTvis pasuxismgebelia. Tuki

uflebis darRveva warmodgeba saxelmwifos moqmedebidan an umoqm�

edobidan, saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis safuZvelic ukve arsebobs.

`saxelmwifos brali~ ki SeiZleba mxolod ideaSi, sakuTriv qmede�

baSi _ pozitiur an negatiur valdebulebaTa SeusruleblobaSi _

vigulisxmoT.40 jer ar yofila SemTxveva, rom saxelmwifos bralis

ararsebobis safuZvliT strasburgis sasamarTlos uari eTqva kon�strasburgis sasamarTlos uari eTqva kon� sasamarTlos uari eTqva kon�

venciis darRveulad cnobaze.

7. daskvna da rekomendaciebi

`Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis~ sakiTxi Semdgom da�

muSavebas saWiroebs. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiisa da stras�stras�

burgis sasamarTlos mier SemuSavebuli principebi Zalis gamoyenebis

marTlzomierebis Sesaxeb praqtikaSi ufro efeqtianad unda iqnes gamo� Sesaxeb praqtikaSi ufro efeqtianad unda iqnes gamo�

yenebuli, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes Sefasebis is Zalze maRali stand�

arti, rasac ̀ absoluturi aucileblobis~ kriteriumi gulisxmobs (unda

gulisxmobdes) da, romlis gareSec SeuZlebelia sicocxlis uflebi�

dan gamonaklisebis gamarTleba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. es gansa�

kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania adamianis winaaRmdeg momakvdinebeli Zalis

gamoyenebisas, vinaidan aseTi Zalis gamoyenebis marTlzomierad miCneva

TavisTavad gamoiwvevs sasikvdilo Sedegis Sewynarebasac, imis miuxeda�

vad, iyo Tu ara igi ganzraxuli.

40 am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ix. e. gociriZe, mizezobrioba adamianis uflebaTa evropul samarTalSi, Tb., 2006, gv. 25�29.

127


marTalia, konvenciis me�2 muxlSi `Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi

aucilebloba ùSualod ukavSirdeba dasaxul kanonier miznebs, magram

misi Sefaseba unda ganxorcieldes ara marto im TvalTaxedviT, Tu ram�

denad aucilebeli iyo Zalis gamoyeneba Sesabamisi miznis misaRwevad,

aramed RirebulebaTa konfliqtis WrilSic da kargad aiwonos, iyo

Tu ara Sesabamis garemoebebSi Zalis gamoyeneba adamianis sicocxlis

safrTxeSi Cagdebis riskiT, marTlac, gamarTlebuli dasaxul mizanTa

miRwevis aucileblobiT.

proporciulobis principis gatarebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

unda mieqces im piris mxridan warmomdgari safrTxis seriozulobis Se�

fasebas, vis winaaRmdegac xdeba Zalis gamoyeneba. adamianis ganzrax mkv�

lelobis gamarTleba konvenciis me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtis safuZvelze

maqsimalurad unda SeizRudos. principulad, igi unda ukavSirdebodes

mxolod sicocxlis an sxva Zalze mniSvnelovani interesebis seriozuli

dazianebis aSkara da realuri safrTxis aRkveTas, imis miuxedavad, Tu

me�2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli romeli kanonieri miznis miRwevas emsax� punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli romeli kanonieri miznis miRwevas emsax�

ureba Zalis gamoyeneba. is faqti, rom konvenciis travaux préparatoire-Si araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb, moicavs Tu ara me�2 punqtis gamonaklise�me�2 punqtis gamonaklise� punqtis gamonaklise�

bi sicocxlis ganzrax mospobis SemTxvevebsac da, maSasadame, ucnobia,

daibeves Tu ara xelSemkvrelma mxareebma es ùfleba~ konvenciis xel� Tu ara xelSemkvrelma mxareebma es ùfleba~ konvenciis xel�xelSemkvrelma mxareebma es ùfleba~ konvenciis xel� mxareebma es ùfleba~ konvenciis xel�

mowerisas, sicocxlis uflebis sazianod ki ar unda iqnes gamoyenebuli,

aramed mis sasargeblod (konvenciis me�2 muxlis interpretaciisas).

amitom, principulad, adamianis sicocxlis mospoba mxolod maSin unda

iqnes miCneuli me�2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul gamonaklisad, rodesac

igi gaufrTxilebeli Sedegia Zalis gamoyenebisa, romelic absolutur

aucileblobas qmnida. Tumca arc sakuTriv faqti sasikvdilo Sedegis

gaufrTxileblobiT gamowvevisa ar unda iyos erTgvari `damamSvidebe�

li faqtori~ da sakmarisi safuZveli Sesabamisi SemTxvevis me�2 muxliT

`daSvebul gamonaklisad~ misaCnevad, Tuki sakuTriv Zalis gamoyeneba

Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi (RirebulebaTa konfliqtis TvalsazrisiT) ar iyo

gamarTlebuli dasaxuli mizniT.

Zalis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis erT�erT mTavar

ganmsazRvrel principad unda damkvidrdes dasaxuli kanonieri miznis

miRwevis sxva alternatiul saSualebaTa ararseboba an uvargisoba. Za�

lis gamoyenebis absoluturi aucileblobis aRiareba usaTuod unda

128

eva gociriZe

gulisxmobdes ara sazogadod `Zalis~, aramed adamianis winaaRmdeg re�

alurad gamoyenebuli Zalis absolutur aucileblobas. amisaTvis yov�

el konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda dadgindes, rom Sesabamisi kanonieri

miznis miRweva konkretul drosa da viTarebaSi SeuZlebeli iqneboda

sxvagvarad, Tu ara Sesabamisi Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad.

garda amisa, principulad unda iqnes miCneuli moTxovna, rom gamoy�

enebuli Zalis marTlzomiereba aucileblad gulisxmobdes obieqturad,

realurad arsebul àbsolutur aucileblobas~ da ara viTarebis araswo�

ri Sefasebis, safuZvliani Tu usafuZvlo Secdomis Sedegad warmosaxuls.

Cveni SexedulebiT, mxolod proporciulobis principis gamoyenebis,

„absoluturi aucileblobis~ negatiuri niSniT Sefasebisa da Rirebule�

baTa Sesabamisi konfliqtis gonivruli gadawyvetis gziT SeiZleba kon�

venciis me�2 muxlis safuZvelze adamianis sicocxlis uflebis qmediTi

dacva da im saSiSroebis Tavidan acileba, rom am muxlis me�2 punqtis gam�me�2 punqtis gam� punqtis gam�

onaklisebi gagebul an gamoyenebul iqnes farTod an imgvarad, TiTqos am

punqtSi miTiTebuli „miznebis miRweva~ yovelTvis aris adamianis winaaRm�

deg momakvdinebeli Zalis gamoyenebis marTlzomierebis safuZveli, rom es

`miznebi~ yovelTvis amarTlebs adamianis mkvlelobas, rogorc `saSuale�`saSuale�

bas~ da, miT umetes ki imgvarad, TiTqos es gamonaklisebi iyos ̀ mkvlelobis

licenzia~, romelic gadacemuli aqvT Zalis gamoyenebis uflebamosilebiT

aRWurvil saxelmwifo agentebs gansazRvrul mizanTa gansaxorcieleblad.

amitom sakiTxi ase unda daisvas: ramdenad didi safrTxis winaSe SeiZleba

davayenoT sicocxlis ufleba Sesabamisi kanonieri interesis dasacavad,

ramdenad didi SeiZleba iyos sicocxlis gaumarTlebeli xelyofis riski

da SeiZleba Tu ara aseTi riski marTlzomierad da gamarTlebulad CaiT�marTlzomierad da gamarTlebulad CaiT� da gamarTlebulad CaiT�

valos dapirispirebul interesTa samarTliani dabalansebis konteqstSi.

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom Sefasebis kriteriumi _ „absoluturad

aucilebeli~ _ gamoyenebulia konvenciis mxolod im muxlSi, romelic

sicocxlis uflebas icavs. àucileblobis~ xarisxi aq maqsimalur zR�

varzea; Tavisi arsiT is igiveobis, identifikaciis gamomxatvelia; amitom

misi Sefasebis standarti praqtikaSi Zalian maRali unda iyos. vfiqrobT,

aseTi interpretacia ̀ absoluturi aucileblobisa~ mTlianad Seesabameba

evropuli konvenciis saerTo suliskveTebas, ramac SeiZleba efeqtiani

gaxados sicocxlis, rogorc uzenaesi Rirebulebis dacva.

129

saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saSualeba konfliqtiT dazaralebul qveynebSi


1. Sesavali

cnobilia, rom SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi _ saerTaSoriso Tu

arasaerTaSoriso _ Tavs atydeba, upirveles yovlisa, mSvidobian samo�Tavs atydeba, upirveles yovlisa, mSvidobian samo� atydeba, upirveles yovlisa, mSvidobian samo�atydeba, upirveles yovlisa, mSvidobian samo� upirveles yovlisa, mSvidobian samo�upirveles yovlisa, mSvidobian samo� yovlisa, mSvidobian samo�yovlisa, mSvidobian samo� mSvidobian samo�mSvidobian samo� samo�samo�

qalaqo mosaxleobas, radganac es ukanaskneli aseT situaciebSi mtris

umTavresi samiznea. rogorc wesi, SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi ar

mTavrdeba mxareTa Soris sruli mSvidobis miRweviT, rac mosaxleobaze

Zalze mtkivneulad da xSirad tragikulad aisaxeba.

adamianTa sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebebis uzrunvelsayofad,

maT Soris sakuTrebis uflebisa da pirovnuli usafrTxoebis uflebis

dasacavad, iseve rogorc sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe� iseve rogorc sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe�iseve rogorc sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe� rogorc sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe�rogorc sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe� sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe�sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe� marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe�marTlwesrigis Camosayalibe� Camosayalibe�Camosayalibe�

blad, sazogadoebrivi ndobis aRdgena wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi� sazogadoebrivi ndobis aRdgena wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi�sazogadoebrivi ndobis aRdgena wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi� ndobis aRdgena wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi�ndobis aRdgena wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi� aRdgena wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi�aRdgena wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi� wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi�wesrigisa da stabilurobis wi� da stabilurobis wi�da stabilurobis wi� stabilurobis wi�stabilurobis wi� wi�wi�

napirobaa. yovelive es konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebul mosaxleobas

reabilitaciis saSualebas miscems, rac maTTvis axali cxovrebis daw� saSualebas miscems, rac maTTvis axali cxovrebis daw�saSualebas miscems, rac maTTvis axali cxovrebis daw� rac maTTvis axali cxovrebis daw�rac maTTvis axali cxovrebis daw� maTTvis axali cxovrebis daw�maTTvis axali cxovrebis daw� axali cxovrebis daw�axali cxovrebis daw� cxovrebis daw�cxovrebis daw� daw�daw�

yebis sawindaria. ismis kiTxva, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� sawindaria. ismis kiTxva, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe�sawindaria. ismis kiTxva, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� ismis kiTxva, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe�ismis kiTxva, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� kiTxva, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe�kiTxva, Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe�Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe�rogor aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe�aris SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe�SesaZlebeli, sazogadoe� sazogadoe�sazogadoe�

bam daaRwios Tavi dabali ndobisa da Zaladobis Caketil wres?1

mdgradi sazogadoebis safuZveli pirovnebis fizikuri usafrTxoe� sazogadoebis safuZveli pirovnebis fizikuri usafrTxoe�sazogadoebis safuZveli pirovnebis fizikuri usafrTxoe� safuZveli pirovnebis fizikuri usafrTxoe�safuZveli pirovnebis fizikuri usafrTxoe� pirovnebis fizikuri usafrTxoe�pirovnebis fizikuri usafrTxoe� fizikuri usafrTxoe�fizikuri usafrTxoe� usafrTxoe�usafrTxoe�

baa. konfliqtiT dazaralebul adgilas fizikuri usafrTxoeba unda

iqnes uzrunvelyofili sazogadoebis, qveynis adgilobrivi samarTal� uzrunvelyofili sazogadoebis, qveynis adgilobrivi samarTal�uzrunvelyofili sazogadoebis, qveynis adgilobrivi samarTal� sazogadoebis, qveynis adgilobrivi samarTal�sazogadoebis, qveynis adgilobrivi samarTal� qveynis adgilobrivi samarTal�qveynis adgilobrivi samarTal� adgilobrivi samarTal�adgilobrivi samarTal� samarTal�samarTal�

damcavi sistemis meSveobiT.

1 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. Comment by Jeffrey Gettleman on Somalia: “The pattern is clear, and may not be broken anytime soon: A weak government means more violence, means weaker gov-ernment, which means still more violence, and so on.” International Herald Tribune, 2 June 2009, p. 7.

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yvela situacia identuri ver iqneba, gansakuTrebiT ki arasaerTaSoriso

xasiaTis kofnliqtis dros, rodesac separatistebi floben mniSvnelovan

Zalas da zegavlenas axdenen rogorc sakuTar, ise mowinaaRmdege mxaris

mSvidobian mosaxleobaze.2 sainteresoa, SesaZlebelia Tu ara amgvari

situaciis dros, samSvidobo misiis Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re� dros, samSvidobo misiis Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re�dros, samSvidobo misiis Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re� samSvidobo misiis Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re�samSvidobo misiis Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re� misiis Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re�misiis Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re� Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re�Carevis gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re� gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re�gareSe, Seiqmnas saimedo, re� Seiqmnas saimedo, re�Seiqmnas saimedo, re� saimedo, re�saimedo, re� re�re�

aluri sapolicio struqturebi, romlebic daicaven adamianis uflebebs.

dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi mainc gasarkvevi rCeba, Tu ra meqanizmi da

resursi unda iqnes moZiebuli aRniSnulis gansaxorcieleblad.

winamdebare naSromSi ganixilulia saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis

misiis sakiTxi. pirvel rigSi, warmodgenili iqneba gaerTianebuli erebis

organizaciis (gaeros) praqtika, radgan gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer� (gaeros) praqtika, radgan gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer�(gaeros) praqtika, radgan gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer� praqtika, radgan gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer�praqtika, radgan gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer� radgan gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer�radgan gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer� gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer�gaero aris wiaRi, sadac saer� aris wiaRi, sadac saer�aris wiaRi, sadac saer� wiaRi, sadac saer�wiaRi, sadac saer� sadac saer�sadac saer� saer�saer�

TaSoriso sapolicio Zalebma uSualod aidges fexi. Semdgom, Sedarebis

mizniT, warmodgenili iqneba evrokavSiris mier sapolicio misiebis dan� warmodgenili iqneba evrokavSiris mier sapolicio misiebis dan�warmodgenili iqneba evrokavSiris mier sapolicio misiebis dan� iqneba evrokavSiris mier sapolicio misiebis dan�iqneba evrokavSiris mier sapolicio misiebis dan� evrokavSiris mier sapolicio misiebis dan�evrokavSiris mier sapolicio misiebis dan� mier sapolicio misiebis dan�mier sapolicio misiebis dan� sapolicio misiebis dan�sapolicio misiebis dan� misiebis dan�dan�

ergvis praqtika. am ori dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti� praqtika. am ori dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti�praqtika. am ori dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti� am ori dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti�am ori dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti� ori dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti�ori dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti� dominanturi saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti�saerTaSoriso subieqtis praqti� subieqtis praqti�subieqtis praqti� praqti�praqti�

kaTa sinTezuri ganxilva naTels mohfens konfliqtis stabilizaciisa da

misi mogvarebis gzebs. da bolos, saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi� mogvarebis gzebs. da bolos, saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi�mogvarebis gzebs. da bolos, saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi� gzebs. da bolos, saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi�gzebs. da bolos, saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi� da bolos, saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi�bolos, saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi� saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi�saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia ganxi� sapolicio misia ganxi�sapolicio misia ganxi� misia ganxi�misia ganxi� ganxi�ganxi�

lul iqneba rogorc adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaesobis

uzrunvelyofis saSualeba konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebul qveynebSi.

2. saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zala, rogorc gaeros mSvidobis damcveli misiis elementi

2.1. mimoxilva

udavoa, rom gaeros ZiriTadi amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe� rom gaeros ZiriTadi amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe�rom gaeros ZiriTadi amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe� gaeros ZiriTadi amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe�gaeros ZiriTadi amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe� ZiriTadi amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe�ZiriTadi amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe� amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe�amocanaa mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe� mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe�mSvidobisa da usafrTxoe� da usafrTxoe�da usafrTxoe� usafrTxoe�usafrTxoe�

bis uzrunvelyofa. miuxedavad amisa, mniSvnelovania, detalurad iqnes

ganxiluli gaeros es funqcia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli� gaeros es funqcia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli�gaeros es funqcia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli� es funqcia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli�es funqcia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli� funqcia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli�funqcia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli� gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli�gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac sapoli� ki maSin, rodesac sapoli�ki maSin, rodesac sapoli� maSin, rodesac sapoli�maSin, rodesac sapoli� rodesac sapoli�rodesac sapoli� sapoli�sapoli�

cio misia asrulebs mSvidobis damcvelis rols.

gaeros saqmianobis farTo klasifikacia am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem� saqmianobis farTo klasifikacia am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem�saqmianobis farTo klasifikacia am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem� farTo klasifikacia am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem�farTo klasifikacia am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem� klasifikacia am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem�klasifikacia am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem� am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem�am kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem� kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem�kuTxiT SesaZlebelia Sem� SesaZlebelia Sem�SesaZlebelia Sem� Sem�Sem�

degi komponentebis saxiT warmoCndes:3

2 The Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka allegedly “holding men, women and children as hostages, forcibly recruiting them and using them as human shields.” International Crisis Group, 20 March 2009, [http://www.crisisgroup.org].

3 P. Malanczuck, The UN and Peace and Security, in: Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law, 2004, pp. 385-416.

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1. pirveli kategoria moicavs gaeros organoebis politikur rols

konfliqtebis mSvidobiani mowesrigebis saqmeSi, romelic ZiriTa� mSvidobiani mowesrigebis saqmeSi, romelic ZiriTa�mSvidobiani mowesrigebis saqmeSi, romelic ZiriTa� mowesrigebis saqmeSi, romelic ZiriTa�mowesrigebis saqmeSi, romelic ZiriTa� saqmeSi, romelic ZiriTa�saqmeSi, romelic ZiriTa� romelic ZiriTa�romelic ZiriTa� ZiriTa�ZiriTa�

dad ganxilulia gaeros wesdebis V� TavSi da cnobilia konfliqtebis

mSvidobiani gadawyvetis saxelwodebiT. amasTan, marTebulia ganxi� gadawyvetis saxelwodebiT. amasTan, marTebulia ganxi�gadawyvetis saxelwodebiT. amasTan, marTebulia ganxi� saxelwodebiT. amasTan, marTebulia ganxi�saxelwodebiT. amasTan, marTebulia ganxi� amasTan, marTebulia ganxi�amasTan, marTebulia ganxi� marTebulia ganxi�marTebulia ganxi� ganxi�ganxi�

lul iqnes gaeros saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro� iqnes gaeros saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro�iqnes gaeros saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro� gaeros saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro�gaeros saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro� saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro�saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro� marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro�marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo, ro� sasamarTlo, ro�sasamarTlo, ro� ro�ro�

gorc gaeros iuridiuli da damoukidebeli organo;

2. meore kategoriad moiazreba gaeros iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi da ganx� ganx�ganx�

ilulia gaeros wesdebis V�� TavSi, romelic gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT� wesdebis V�� TavSi, romelic gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT�wesdebis V�� TavSi, romelic gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT� V�� TavSi, romelic gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT�TavSi, romelic gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT� romelic gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT�romelic gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT� gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT�gamoiyeneba mSvidobisaT� mSvidobisaT�mSvidobisaT�

vis safrTxis Seqmnisa da misi mSvidobis xelyofis mcdelobisas da,

zogadad, agresiis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi.

3. mesame kategoria exeba samSvidobo operaciebs, rac winamdebare

statiis kvlevis Temaa.

termin `samSvidobo operaciebis~ (peacekeeping operations) mkacri

gansazRvreba ar moiZebneba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. rogorc es mar� ar moiZebneba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. rogorc es mar�ar moiZebneba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. rogorc es mar� moiZebneba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. rogorc es mar�moiZebneba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. rogorc es mar� saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. rogorc es mar�saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. rogorc es mar� samarTalSi. rogorc es mar�samarTalSi. rogorc es mar� rogorc es mar�rogorc es mar� es mar�es mar� mar�mar�

Tebulad aRiniSna gaeros yofili generaluri mdivnis, butros butros

galis mier:4 `samSvidobo operaciebis imdeni nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram�`samSvidobo operaciebis imdeni nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram� operaciebis imdeni nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram�operaciebis imdeni nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram� imdeni nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram�imdeni nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram� nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram�nairsaxeoba arsebobs, ram� arsebobs, ram�arsebobs, ram� ram�ram�

denic SeiZleba moZiebul iqnes obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS� SeiZleba moZiebul iqnes obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS�SeiZleba moZiebul iqnes obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS� moZiebul iqnes obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS�moZiebul iqnes obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS� iqnes obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS�iqnes obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS� obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS�obieqtur realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS� realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS�realobaSi.~ zogadad, samS� zogadad, samS�zogadad, samS� samS�samS�

vidobo operaciebSi igulisxmeba SemTxvevis veqtorSi gaeros Zalebis

ganTavseba. samSvidobo operaciebi aseve gulisxmobs gaeros samxedro,

sapolicio da samoqalaqo mosamsaxureTa Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za� da samoqalaqo mosamsaxureTa Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za�da samoqalaqo mosamsaxureTa Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za� samoqalaqo mosamsaxureTa Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za�samoqalaqo mosamsaxureTa Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za� mosamsaxureTa Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za�mosamsaxureTa Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za� Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za�Tanamonawileobas. gaeros Za� gaeros Za�gaeros Za� Za�Za�

lebis ganlagebis winapiroba ki konfliqtis monawile mxareTa Tanxmobaa.

sxva sityvebiT, samSvidobo operaciebSi moiazreba efeqtiani meqanizmi,

romelic miznad isaxavs konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebisa da mSvidobis

damkvidrebis aucileblobas.

samSvidobo operaciebis meqanizmi viTardeba, rasac mowmobs msofli� operaciebis meqanizmi viTardeba, rasac mowmobs msofli�operaciebis meqanizmi viTardeba, rasac mowmobs msofli� meqanizmi viTardeba, rasac mowmobs msofli�meqanizmi viTardeba, rasac mowmobs msofli� viTardeba, rasac mowmobs msofli�viTardeba, rasac mowmobs msofli� rasac mowmobs msofli�rasac mowmobs msofli� mowmobs msofli�mowmobs msofli� msofli�msofli�

osaTvis ori mniSvnelovani etapi:5 civi omis mimdinareoba da civi omis

Semdgomi periodi. civi omis droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu� periodi. civi omis droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu�periodi. civi omis droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu� civi omis droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu�civi omis droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu� omis droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu�omis droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu� droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu�droindeli samSvidobo operaciebi gu� samSvidobo operaciebi gu�samSvidobo operaciebi gu� operaciebi gu�operaciebi gu� gu�gu�

lisxmobda Zaladobis Tavidan acilebas da, amasTan, miznad isaxavda

konfliqtis gayinvas, cecxlis Sewyvetis dacvas, iseve rogorc omSi

monawile saxelmwifoTa daSoriSorebas.

civi omis Semdgomi periodi aRiniSneboda kidev ufro mniSvnelovani

ganviTarebiT, radgan samSvidobo operaciebma miiRo ufro kompleqsuri

4 UN YearBook, 1993 (3), cit. in Cristine Gray: International Law and the Use of Force (Oxford Univer-sity Press 2000), p. 159.

5 iqve.

132


modelis saxe, romelic omis saSinelebaTa aRmofxvrisa da mSvidobis

Senebis gzaze aerTianebda samoqalaqo da samxedro Zalebs.6

Sesabamisad, naSromis am etapze marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi� naSromis am etapze marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi�naSromis am etapze marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi� am etapze marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi�am etapze marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi� etapze marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi�etapze marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi� marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi�marTebulia, detalurad iqnes ganxi� detalurad iqnes ganxi�detalurad iqnes ganxi� iqnes ganxi�iqnes ganxi� ganxi�ganxi�

luli sapolicio komponentis danergva samSvidobo operaciebis war� sapolicio komponentis danergva samSvidobo operaciebis war�sapolicio komponentis danergva samSvidobo operaciebis war� komponentis danergva samSvidobo operaciebis war�komponentis danergva samSvidobo operaciebis war� danergva samSvidobo operaciebis war�danergva samSvidobo operaciebis war� samSvidobo operaciebis war�samSvidobo operaciebis war� operaciebis war�operaciebis war� war�war�

moebis dros, iseve rogorc _ ganisazRvros, Tu ramdenad efeqtiania

es ukanaskneli konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebul qveynebSi, rogorc

qmediTi instrumenti adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso� instrumenti adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso�instrumenti adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso� adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso�adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso� uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso�uflebebis dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso� dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso�dacvisa da kanonis uzenaeso� da kanonis uzenaeso�da kanonis uzenaeso� kanonis uzenaeso�kanonis uzenaeso� uzenaeso�uzenaeso�

bis damkvidrebis saqmeSi.

2.2. sapolicio misiebi

gaeros krebuli mSvidobis dacvis operaciebis principebisa da we� dacvis operaciebis principebisa da we�dacvis operaciebis principebisa da we� operaciebis principebisa da we�operaciebis principebisa da we� principebisa da we�principebisa da we� da we�da we� we�we�

sebis Sesaxeb xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom gaeros samSvidobo operaciebis

dros policias eniWeba erT�erTi komponentis statusi samxedro da samo� policias eniWeba erT�erTi komponentis statusi samxedro da samo�policias eniWeba erT�erTi komponentis statusi samxedro da samo� eniWeba erT�erTi komponentis statusi samxedro da samo�eniWeba erT�erTi komponentis statusi samxedro da samo� erT�erTi komponentis statusi samxedro da samo�erT�erTi komponentis statusi samxedro da samo� komponentis statusi samxedro da samo�komponentis statusi samxedro da samo� statusi samxedro da samo�statusi samxedro da samo� samxedro da samo�samxedro da samo� da samo�da samo� samo�samo�

qalaqo elementebis CaTvliT da miuTiTebs, rom samoqalaqo pirTa dacva

gaeros samSvidobo operaciis samxedro, sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo� samSvidobo operaciis samxedro, sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo�samSvidobo operaciis samxedro, sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo� operaciis samxedro, sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo�operaciis samxedro, sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo� samxedro, sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo�samxedro, sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo� sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo�sapolicio da samoqalaqo kompo� da samoqalaqo kompo�da samoqalaqo kompo� samoqalaqo kompo�samoqalaqo kompo� kompo�kompo�

nentebs Soris moiTxovs SeTanxmebulsa da koordinirebul moqmedebas.7

am mizeziT gaeros policia aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op� mizeziT gaeros policia aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op�mizeziT gaeros policia aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op� gaeros policia aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op�gaeros policia aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op� policia aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op�policia aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op� aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op�aRiqmeba rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op� rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op�rogorc gaeros samSvidobo op� gaeros samSvidobo op�gaeros samSvidobo op� samSvidobo op�samSvidobo op� op�op�

eraciebis erT�erTi Semadgeneli elementi, vinaidan igi xels uwyobs,

daamkvidros SedarebiT ufro mSvidobiani garemo, sadac xalxi ukeT

iqneba daculi da kriminaluri qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe� daculi da kriminaluri qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe�daculi da kriminaluri qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe� da kriminaluri qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe�da kriminaluri qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe� kriminaluri qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe�kriminaluri qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe� qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe�qmedebebi aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe� aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe�aRkveTili. aRniSnuli gvesaxe� aRniSnuli gvesaxe�aRniSnuli gvesaxe� gvesaxe�gvesaxe�

ba rogorc saukeTeso meqanizmi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme� rogorc saukeTeso meqanizmi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme�rogorc saukeTeso meqanizmi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme� saukeTeso meqanizmi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme�saukeTeso meqanizmi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme� meqanizmi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme�meqanizmi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme� kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme�kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme� uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme�uzenaesobis damkvidrebis saqme� damkvidrebis saqme�damkvidrebis saqme� saqme�saqme�

Si8. miuxedavad amisa, samSvidobo operacia emyareba sxvadasxva qmedebas,

sadac policiis funqcia mxolod erT�erTi Zalaa.

ramdenadac mkafiod ar unda gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx� mkafiod ar unda gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx�mkafiod ar unda gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx� ar unda gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx�ar unda gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx� unda gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx�unda gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx� gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx�gveCvenebodes Camoyalibebuli gansx� Camoyalibebuli gansx�Camoyalibebuli gansx� gansx�gansx�

vaveba samoqalaqo, samxedro da sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde� samoqalaqo, samxedro da sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde�samoqalaqo, samxedro da sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde� samxedro da sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde�samxedro da sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde� da sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde�da sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde� sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde�sapolicio komponentebs Soris, vlinde� komponentebs Soris, vlinde�komponentebs Soris, vlinde� Soris, vlinde�Soris, vlinde� vlinde�vlinde�

ba saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis ori saxe: a) samxedro policia da

b) samoqalaqo policia.

samxedro policia, romlis amocanaa operaciaSi CarTuli samxedro

Zalebis gakontroleba da zedamxedveloba, zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad� gakontroleba da zedamxedveloba, zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad�gakontroleba da zedamxedveloba, zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad� da zedamxedveloba, zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad�da zedamxedveloba, zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad� zedamxedveloba, zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad�zedamxedveloba, zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad� zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad�zogjer gamoiyeneboda ad� gamoiyeneboda ad�gamoiyeneboda ad� ad�ad�

gilobriv samarTaldamcav organoebTan erTad. magram Tavad samxedro

misia, Tavisi moqmedebis arsiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu� Tavisi moqmedebis arsiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu�Tavisi moqmedebis arsiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu� moqmedebis arsiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu�moqmedebis arsiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu� arsiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu�arsiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu� da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu�da SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu� SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu�SesaZleblobebiT, ufro SezRudu� ufro SezRudu�ufro SezRudu� SezRudu�SezRudu�

6 Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, [http://www.un.org].7 United Nations Peacekeeping Operations–Principles and Guidelines (2008), [http://www.un.org].8 iqve.

133


lia da mowodebulia, akontrolos mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei� da mowodebulia, akontrolos mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei�da mowodebulia, akontrolos mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei� mowodebulia, akontrolos mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei�mowodebulia, akontrolos mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei� akontrolos mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei�akontrolos mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei� mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei�mxolod misia da ar moiazreba Sei� misia da ar moiazreba Sei�misia da ar moiazreba Sei� da ar moiazreba Sei�da ar moiazreba Sei� ar moiazreba Sei�ar moiazreba Sei� moiazreba Sei�moiazreba Sei� Sei�Sei�

tanos wvlili kanonis uzenaesobisa da sayovelTao ndobis damkvidrebis

saqmeSi. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia mivubrundeT samoqalaqo sapolicio

Zalis cnebas, radgan es ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi� cnebas, radgan es ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi�cnebas, radgan es ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi� radgan es ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi�radgan es ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi� es ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi�es ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi� ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi�ukanaskneli praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi� praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi�praqtikaSi aRmoCnda ufro qmedi� aRmoCnda ufro qmedi�aRmoCnda ufro qmedi� ufro qmedi�ufro qmedi� qmedi�qmedi�

Tunariani da konfliqtis mxareTaTvis nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo� da konfliqtis mxareTaTvis nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo�da konfliqtis mxareTaTvis nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo� konfliqtis mxareTaTvis nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo�konfliqtis mxareTaTvis nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo� mxareTaTvis nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo�mxareTaTvis nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo� nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo�nakleb gamaRizianebeli saxelwo� gamaRizianebeli saxelwo�gamaRizianebeli saxelwo� saxelwo�saxelwo�

debisa da mandatis TvalsazrisiT.

saerTaSoriso samoqalaqo sapolicio Zalam (gaeros terminologiiT:

civilian police _ CIVPOL) Seasrula mTavari roli samSvidobo operaciebis

ganxorcielebis dros. igi Sedgeba personalisgan, romelic warigzavneba

gaeros wevr saxelmwifoTa mier. misi moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey� wevr saxelmwifoTa mier. misi moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey�saxelmwifoTa mier. misi moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey� mier. misi moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey�mier. misi moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey� misi moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey�misi moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey� moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey�moRvaweoba gaeros maspinZel qvey� gaeros maspinZel qvey�gaeros maspinZel qvey� maspinZel qvey�maspinZel qvey� qvey�qvey�

nebSi samSvidobo misiis operaciebis dros iyofa sam ZiriTad kategoriad,9

radgan gaeros policiis Zalebis mandati calkeul misiebSi gansxvavdeba:

1. samarTaldamcveli organoebis zedamxedveloba da monitoringi.10 mag�mag�

aliTad, xorvatia, sadac gaeros samoqalaqo policiis mxardamWeri

jgufi monitorings uwevda xorvatiis policias, Tu rogor icavdnen

isini rezidentebisa da dabrunebuli mosaxleobis adamianis uflebebs;

2. samarTaldamcveli organoebis treningi da daxmareba11 _ haitis mag�mag�

aliTi, sadac gaeros samSvidobo operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx� sadac gaeros samSvidobo operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx�sadac gaeros samSvidobo operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx� gaeros samSvidobo operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx�gaeros samSvidobo operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx� samSvidobo operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx�samSvidobo operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx� operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx�operaciis sapolicio Zalebi, sx� sapolicio Zalebi, sx�sapolicio Zalebi, sx� Zalebi, sx�Zalebi, sx� sx�sx�

vebTan erTan, pasuxismgebelni iyvnen haitis erovnuli sapolicio

organoebisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenaze.

3. samarTaldamcveli organoebis funqciebis pirdapiri ganxorcieleba.12

kosovoSi, sadac gaeros 4700 policiis oficeri asrulebda da maTi

nawili dResac asrulebs policiis Zalebis funqciebs.

unda aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso sapolicio da samSvidobo op� aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso sapolicio da samSvidobo op�aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso sapolicio da samSvidobo op� rom saerTaSoriso sapolicio da samSvidobo op�rom saerTaSoriso sapolicio da samSvidobo op� saerTaSoriso sapolicio da samSvidobo op�saerTaSoriso sapolicio da samSvidobo op� sapolicio da samSvidobo op�sapolicio da samSvidobo op� da samSvidobo op�da samSvidobo op� samSvidobo op�samSvidobo op� op�op�

eraciebi ar aris arc saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis da arc gaeros

axlandeli gamogoneba. faqtia, rom saerTaSoriso policiis Zalebs

aqvT didi xnis arsebobis istoria. dRevandeli samSvidobo operaciebi

ganviTarda xuTi sxvadasxva tipis samxedro operaciebis bazaze:13

9 R. Sismanidis, Police Functions in Peace Operations. United States Institute of Peace, Peace works no.14, Washington 1997.

10 United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO) May 1995-January 1996.11 UN Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MINOPUH), December 1997-March 2000.12 UN Interim Administration in Kosovo (UNMIK), since June 1999.13 R. Sismanidis, Police Functions in Peace Operations. United States Institute of Peace, Peace works

no.14, Washington 1997.

134


1. koloniuri intervenciebisa da kontrajanyebebis operaciebi;

2. samxedro Zalebis gamoyeneba saokupacio misiis dros;

3. stiqiur zonebSi samoqalaqo pirebis dasaxmareblad samxedro Zalebis

gamoyeneba;

4. wina xazis operaciebi (habsburgis imperia, aSS, �� saukune);

5. mravalerovnuli samxedro operaciebi (barbarosi mekobreebis mag�(barbarosi mekobreebis mag� mekobreebis mag�mekobreebis mag� mag�mag�

aliTi �� saukunis 80�iani wlebis dasawyisSi, evropis uaxlesi opera� �� saukunis 80�iani wlebis dasawyisSi, evropis uaxlesi opera�saukunis 80�iani wlebis dasawyisSi, evropis uaxlesi opera� 80�iani wlebis dasawyisSi, evropis uaxlesi opera�wlebis dasawyisSi, evropis uaxlesi opera� dasawyisSi, evropis uaxlesi opera�dasawyisSi, evropis uaxlesi opera� evropis uaxlesi opera�evropis uaxlesi opera� uaxlesi opera�uaxlesi opera� opera�opera�

cia àtlanta~, afrika).

samSvidobo operaciebi xSirad Seicavda sapolicio Zalis kompo� operaciebi xSirad Seicavda sapolicio Zalis kompo�operaciebi xSirad Seicavda sapolicio Zalis kompo� xSirad Seicavda sapolicio Zalis kompo�xSirad Seicavda sapolicio Zalis kompo� Seicavda sapolicio Zalis kompo�Seicavda sapolicio Zalis kompo� sapolicio Zalis kompo�sapolicio Zalis kompo� Zalis kompo�Zalis kompo� kompo�kompo�

nents. amgvari operaciebi cnobili iyo rogorc sapolicio operaciebi,

raTa xazgasmiT aRniSnuliyo kanonis uzenaesobisa da sazogadoebrivi

marTlwesrigis dacva. am saxis operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli� dacva. am saxis operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli�dacva. am saxis operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli� am saxis operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli�am saxis operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli� saxis operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli�saxis operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli� operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli�operaciebis naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli� naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli�naTeli magaliTebia: sapoli� magaliTebia: sapoli�magaliTebia: sapoli� sapoli�sapoli�

cio Zalebi kretaze (1896�97), zaarlandSi (1935), Sanxais saerTaSoriso

molaparakebebi. xsenebuli operaciebi, romlebic mimdinareobda oku� xsenebuli operaciebi, romlebic mimdinareobda oku�xsenebuli operaciebi, romlebic mimdinareobda oku� operaciebi, romlebic mimdinareobda oku�operaciebi, romlebic mimdinareobda oku� romlebic mimdinareobda oku�romlebic mimdinareobda oku� mimdinareobda oku�mimdinareobda oku� oku�oku�

paciisa da SeiaraRebuli jgufebis ajanyebisas, Seicavda policiisa da

samoqalaqo administrirebis elementebs.14

2.3. evolucia

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, samSvidobo operaciebis xasiaTi droTa

ganmavlobaSi ganviTarda da saerTaSoriso policiis roli gaZlierda

saerTaSoriso samSvidobo operaciebis ganxorcielebisas.

gaeros pirveli samSvidobo misiebi ar scildeboda tradiciuli samx� pirveli samSvidobo misiebi ar scildeboda tradiciuli samx�pirveli samSvidobo misiebi ar scildeboda tradiciuli samx� samSvidobo misiebi ar scildeboda tradiciuli samx�samSvidobo misiebi ar scildeboda tradiciuli samx� misiebi ar scildeboda tradiciuli samx�ar scildeboda tradiciuli samx� scildeboda tradiciuli samx�scildeboda tradiciuli samx� tradiciuli samx�tradiciuli samx� samx�samx�

edro Zalis gamoyenebis praqtikas da maspinZeli qveynis xelisuflebas

uwevda daxmarebas, raTa mas daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe� daxmarebas, raTa mas daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe�daxmarebas, raTa mas daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe� raTa mas daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe�raTa mas daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe� mas daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe�mas daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe� daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe�daecva kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe� kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe�kanonis uzenaesoba da sazogadoe� uzenaesoba da sazogadoe�uzenaesoba da sazogadoe� da sazogadoe�da sazogadoe� sazogadoe�sazogadoe�

brivi wesrigi qveyanaSi arastabilur situaciaSi.

egviptesa da israels Soris gaeros pirveli samSvidobo operaciis

dros gaeros Zalebma itvirTes samoqalaqo wesrigis dacva (1956 w.).15

aseve, rodesac israeli gamodioda Razidan, gaeros Zalebi icavdnen

gaeros obieqtebs da wesrigs demonstraciebis dros. gaeros mandati

14 The U.S. Marine Corps Small War Manual of 1940 contains chapters addressing “armed native organisations”, “formation of the constabulary”, “administration” and “free and fair elections”. These chapters give and outline to re-establishing order in the unstable societies”; for more information please see Small Wars Manual, Unites State Marine Corps, [http://www.au.af.mil].

15 First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I), November 1956-June 1957.

135


exeboda saxelmwifoTaSoris SeiaraRebul konfliqts, xolo nebism� saxelmwifoTaSoris SeiaraRebul konfliqts, xolo nebism�saxelmwifoTaSoris SeiaraRebul konfliqts, xolo nebism� SeiaraRebul konfliqts, xolo nebism�SeiaraRebul konfliqts, xolo nebism� konfliqts, xolo nebism�konfliqts, xolo nebism� xolo nebism�xolo nebism� nebism�nebism�

ieri administraciuli an usafrTxoebis funqciebi, romelTac isini as� administraciuli an usafrTxoebis funqciebi, romelTac isini as�administraciuli an usafrTxoebis funqciebi, romelTac isini as� an usafrTxoebis funqciebi, romelTac isini as�an usafrTxoebis funqciebi, romelTac isini as� usafrTxoebis funqciebi, romelTac isini as�usafrTxoebis funqciebi, romelTac isini as� funqciebi, romelTac isini as�funqciebi, romelTac isini as� romelTac isini as�romelTac isini as� isini as�isini as� as�as�

rulebdnen, mxolod droebiT xasiaTs atarebda.

samSvidobo misiis Semdgomi ganviTareba aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro� misiis Semdgomi ganviTareba aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro�misiis Semdgomi ganviTareba aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro� Semdgomi ganviTareba aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro�Semdgomi ganviTareba aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro� ganviTareba aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro�ganviTareba aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro� aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro�aisaxa kvlavac mimdinare kvipro� kvlavac mimdinare kvipro�kvlavac mimdinare kvipro� mimdinare kvipro�mimdinare kvipro� kvipro�kvipro�

sis misiaze, romelmac saTave daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan� misiaze, romelmac saTave daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan�misiaze, romelmac saTave daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan� romelmac saTave daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan�romelmac saTave daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan� saTave daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan�saTave daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan� daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan�daudo saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan� saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan�saerTaSoriso sapolicio Zalebis gan� sapolicio Zalebis gan�sapolicio Zalebis gan� Zalebis gan�Zalebis gan� gan�gan�

viTarebis meore etaps.16 am konkretul SemTxvevaSi gaero Tavisi mandatiT

pirdapir mouwodebda misiaSi samoqalaqo sapolicio Zalis komponentis

CarTvas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor� romelic, Tavis mxriv, kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor�romelic, Tavis mxriv, kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor� Tavis mxriv, kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor�Tavis mxriv, kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor� mxriv, kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor�mxriv, kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor� kviprosis adgilobriv policiaze monitor�adgilobriv policiaze monitor� policiaze monitor�policiaze monitor� monitor�monitor�

ingsa da zedamxedvelobas ganaxorcielebda. maTi movaleoba gulisxmobda

Turq da berZen policielebs Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad� da berZen policielebs Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad�da berZen policielebs Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad� berZen policielebs Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad�berZen policielebs Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad� policielebs Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad�policielebs Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad� Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad�Soris urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad� urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad�urTierTkavSiris uzrunvelyofas, ad� uzrunvelyofas, ad�uzrunvelyofas, ad� ad�ad�

gilobriv policielTa patrulirebisa da gamSvebi punqtebis kontrols,

iseve rogorc ugzoukvlod dakargul adamianTa saqmeebis gamoZiebasa da

ltolvilTa humanitaruli daxmarebis gawevas. gaeros sapolicio kompo� humanitaruli daxmarebis gawevas. gaeros sapolicio kompo�humanitaruli daxmarebis gawevas. gaeros sapolicio kompo� daxmarebis gawevas. gaeros sapolicio kompo�daxmarebis gawevas. gaeros sapolicio kompo� gawevas. gaeros sapolicio kompo�gawevas. gaeros sapolicio kompo� gaeros sapolicio kompo�gaeros sapolicio kompo� sapolicio kompo�sapolicio kompo� kompo�kompo�

nenti SesamCnevad ganmtkicda 2003 wels, rodesac saberZneT�kviprosisa da

TurqeT�kviprosis sazRvris nawili xelaxla gaixsna.

amasTan erTad, civi omis dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za� erTad, civi omis dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za�erTad, civi omis dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za� civi omis dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za�civi omis dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za� omis dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za�omis dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za� dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za�dasasruli saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za� saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za�saerTaSoriso sapolicio Za� sapolicio Za�sapolicio Za� Za�Za�

lebis ganviTarebisaTvis gacilebiT xelsayreli garemo aRmoCnda. aseTi

xasiaTis pirveli operacia ganxorcielda namibiaSi.17 operaciis msvl�operaciis msvl� msvl�msvl�

elobis dros gaeros misiasa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno� dros gaeros misiasa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno�dros gaeros misiasa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno� gaeros misiasa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno�gaeros misiasa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno� misiasa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno�misiasa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno� da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno�da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno� adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno�adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris eno� mosaxleobas Soris eno�mosaxleobas Soris eno� Soris eno�Soris eno� eno�eno�

brivi barieri warmoiqmna. miuxedavad amisa, gaeros policiam moaxerxa

adgilobriv policiaze gaewia monitoringi, waremarTa kvlevebi da das� policiaze gaewia monitoringi, waremarTa kvlevebi da das�policiaze gaewia monitoringi, waremarTa kvlevebi da das� gaewia monitoringi, waremarTa kvlevebi da das�gaewia monitoringi, waremarTa kvlevebi da das� monitoringi, waremarTa kvlevebi da das�monitoringi, waremarTa kvlevebi da das� waremarTa kvlevebi da das�waremarTa kvlevebi da das� kvlevebi da das�da das� das�das�

wreboda mosaxleobis politikur Tavyrilobebs. TandaTanobiT saerTa� mosaxleobis politikur Tavyrilobebs. TandaTanobiT saerTa�mosaxleobis politikur Tavyrilobebs. TandaTanobiT saerTa� politikur Tavyrilobebs. TandaTanobiT saerTa�politikur Tavyrilobebs. TandaTanobiT saerTa� Tavyrilobebs. TandaTanobiT saerTa�Tavyrilobebs. TandaTanobiT saerTa� TandaTanobiT saerTa�TandaTanobiT saerTa� saerTa�saerTa�

Soriso sapolicio Zalebma daiwyes patrulireba da adgilobriv poli� sapolicio Zalebma daiwyes patrulireba da adgilobriv poli�sapolicio Zalebma daiwyes patrulireba da adgilobriv poli� Zalebma daiwyes patrulireba da adgilobriv poli�Zalebma daiwyes patrulireba da adgilobriv poli� daiwyes patrulireba da adgilobriv poli�daiwyes patrulireba da adgilobriv poli� patrulireba da adgilobriv poli�patrulireba da adgilobriv poli� da adgilobriv poli�da adgilobriv poli� adgilobriv poli�adgilobriv poli� poli�poli�

ciaze arsebuli saCivrebis gamoZieba.

zemoxsenebuli yvela SemTxveva exeboda situaciebs, sadac adgilo� yvela SemTxveva exeboda situaciebs, sadac adgilo�yvela SemTxveva exeboda situaciebs, sadac adgilo� SemTxveva exeboda situaciebs, sadac adgilo�SemTxveva exeboda situaciebs, sadac adgilo� exeboda situaciebs, sadac adgilo�exeboda situaciebs, sadac adgilo� situaciebs, sadac adgilo�situaciebs, sadac adgilo� sadac adgilo�sadac adgilo� adgilo�adgilo�

brivi kargad gawvrTnili policia manamde arsebobda, xorcieldeboda

monitoringi mxolod adgilobriv policiaze da sadac mosaxleobas

arwmunebdnen, rom marTlmsajuleba mikerZoebis gareSe aRsruldebo� rom marTlmsajuleba mikerZoebis gareSe aRsruldebo�rom marTlmsajuleba mikerZoebis gareSe aRsruldebo� marTlmsajuleba mikerZoebis gareSe aRsruldebo�marTlmsajuleba mikerZoebis gareSe aRsruldebo� mikerZoebis gareSe aRsruldebo�mikerZoebis gareSe aRsruldebo� gareSe aRsruldebo�gareSe aRsruldebo� aRsruldebo�aRsruldebo�

da. Tumca Semdgomi SemTxvevebis dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi� Tumca Semdgomi SemTxvevebis dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi�Tumca Semdgomi SemTxvevebis dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi� Semdgomi SemTxvevebis dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi�Semdgomi SemTxvevebis dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi� SemTxvevebis dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi�SemTxvevebis dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi� dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi�dros saerTaSoriso policiis ofi� saerTaSoriso policiis ofi�saerTaSoriso policiis ofi� policiis ofi�policiis ofi� ofi�ofi�

crebi uSualod Caebnen adgilobrivi sapolicio Zalebis wvrTnaSi, rac

imas niSnavda, rom mxolod zedamxedveloba sakmarisi aRar iyo. amis

naTel magaliTebs sxvadasxva operacia warmoadgens: saerTaSoriso

damkvirveblebi samxreT afrikaSi (1992�1995 ww.), gaeros daxmarebis

16 United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), March 1964.17 United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG), April 1989-March 1990.

136


misia ruandaSi (1994 w.), operacia mozambikSi da gaeros misia kamboja� mozambikSi da gaeros misia kamboja�da gaeros misia kamboja� gaeros misia kamboja�gaeros misia kamboja� misia kamboja�misia kamboja� kamboja�

Si (1992�1993 ww.).

gaeros amJamindeli operaciebi moyvanilia qvemoT cxrilSi, sadac

naTlad Cans sapolicio Zalebis mTliani procentuli maCvenebeli

gaeros TiToeul operaciaSi. aSkaraa, rom sapolicio Zala mxolod 13

procents Seadgens. am samSvidobo operaciaTagan aRsaniSnavia Cadisa da

timor�lestes misiebi, radgan mxolod am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli� misiebi, radgan mxolod am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli�misiebi, radgan mxolod am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli� radgan mxolod am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli�radgan mxolod am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli� mxolod am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli�mxolod am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli� am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli�am or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli� or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli�or misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli� misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli�misiaSi gvevlineba sapoli� gvevlineba sapoli�gvevlineba sapoli� sapoli�sapoli�

cio komponenti rogorc dominanti.

gaeros misia Zalis saerTo raodenoba da

personali

aqedan sapolicio Zala (2009 wlis Tebervlis mdgomareobiT)

MINURCAT 317 236 74%UNAMID 15,114 2,510 17%UNMIS 9,960 669 7%UNOCI 9,176 1,146 12%UNMIL 11,471 1,213 11%MONUC 18,402 1,085 6%MINURSO 226 6 3%MINUSTAH 9,070 2,031 22%UNMIT 1,611 1,578 98%UNMOGIP 43 0 0%UNFICYP 922 65 7%UNOMIG 145 16 11%UNMIK 0 1,499 n/aUNDOF 1,041 0 0%UNIFIL 12,542 0 0%UNTSO 151 0 0%saboloo jami 90,191 12,054 13%

centraluri afrikisa da Cadis MINURCAT-is operaciis dros Zalze

mniSvnelovani iyo samoqalaqo mosaxleobis dacva, rac naTlad aisaxa

uSiSroebis sabWos mier misiisaTvis gansazRvrul mandatSi.18 kerZod ki,

misias xeli unda Seewyo ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve� xeli unda Seewyo ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve�xeli unda Seewyo ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve� unda Seewyo ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve�unda Seewyo ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve� Seewyo ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve�Seewyo ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve� ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve�ltolviTa saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve� saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve�saxlebSi dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve� dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve�dabrunebisaTvis, uzrunve� uzrunve�uzrunve�

leyo iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is� iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is�iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is� gadaadgilebul pirTa da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is�gadaadgilebul pirTa da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is� pirTa da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is�pirTa da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is� da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is�da samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is� samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is�samoqalaqo pirTa dacva, is� pirTa dacva, is�pirTa dacva, is� dacva, is�dacva, is� is�is�

eve rogorc humanitaruli daxmarebis miwodeba aRmosavleT Cadisa da

Crdilo�aRmosavleT afrikis respublikisaTvis.

18 Central African Republic and Chad-MINURCAT Mandate, [http://www.un.org].

137


timor�lestes SemTxvevaSi19 misiis mandati gafarToebuli iyo da

miznad isaxavda, daeregulirebina usafrTxoebis aramdgradi situacia,

iseve rogorc daxmareboda timor�lestes oficialur pirebs erovnuli

Serigebis saqmeSi, uzrunveleyo sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mSene� saqmeSi, uzrunveleyo sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mSene�saqmeSi, uzrunveleyo sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mSene� uzrunveleyo sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mSene�uzrunveleyo sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mSene� sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mSene�sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mSene� usafrTxoebis mSene�usafrTxoebis mSene� mSene�mSene�

bloba, kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidreba da timor�lestes adgilobrivi

policiis institutis ganviTareba.

sapolicio Zalebis umetesi nawili ricxobrivad ase gamoiyureba:

darfurSi _ UNAMID, 2500, haitiSi _ MINUSTAH, 2000, kosovo _ UNMIK timor lestesTan erTad daaxloebiT 1500 policielis SemadgenlobiT

TiToeulSi.

amgvarad, termini `saerTaSoriso sapolicio misia~ saerTaSoriso

samarTalSi, rogorc aseTi, ar moiZieba. gaeros samuSao terminologia

icnobs mxolod samoqalaqo sapolicio komponents.20 gaerom mxolod or

SemTxvevaSi SeZlo sapolicio misiis daarseba: haitiSi _ rogorc gaeros

samoqalaqo sapolicio misia da xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli� sapolicio misia da xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli�sapolicio misia da xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli� misia da xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli�misia da xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli� da xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli�da xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli� xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli�xorvatiaSi _ rogorc samoqalaqo poli� rogorc samoqalaqo poli�rogorc samoqalaqo poli� samoqalaqo poli�samoqalaqo poli� poli�poli�

ciis damxmare jgufi. sxva sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo� damxmare jgufi. sxva sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo�damxmare jgufi. sxva sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo� jgufi. sxva sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo�jgufi. sxva sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo� sxva sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo�sxva sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo� sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo�sityvebiT, gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo� gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo�gaeros samSvidobo misiebSi sapo� samSvidobo misiebSi sapo�samSvidobo misiebSi sapo� misiebSi sapo�sapo�

licio komponenti farTo gagebiT inkorporirebulia.

2.4. uSiSroebis sabWo Tu generaluri asamblea?

gaeros wesdebis 24�e muxlis Tanaxmad, uSiSroebis sabWo aris organo,

romelsac uSualod ekisreba pasuxismgebloba, SeinarCunos saerTaSor� uSualod ekisreba pasuxismgebloba, SeinarCunos saerTaSor�uSualod ekisreba pasuxismgebloba, SeinarCunos saerTaSor� ekisreba pasuxismgebloba, SeinarCunos saerTaSor�ekisreba pasuxismgebloba, SeinarCunos saerTaSor� pasuxismgebloba, SeinarCunos saerTaSor�pasuxismgebloba, SeinarCunos saerTaSor� SeinarCunos saerTaSor�SeinarCunos saerTaSor� saerTaSor�saerTaSor�

iso mSvidoba da usafrTxoeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe� mSvidoba da usafrTxoeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe�mSvidoba da usafrTxoeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe� da usafrTxoeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe�da usafrTxoeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe� usafrTxoeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe�usafrTxoeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe� am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe�am TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe� TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe�TvalsazrisiT, uSiSroebis sabWo dRe� uSiSroebis sabWo dRe�uSiSroebis sabWo dRe� sabWo dRe�sabWo dRe� dRe�dRe�

sac aris organo, romelic uflebamosilebas gascems gaeros samSvidobo

operaciebis amoqmedebaze. miuxedavad amisa, gaeros wesdebis 24�e muxli

uSiSroebis sabWos akisrebs valdebulebas, rom am ukanasknelma imoqme� sabWos akisrebs valdebulebas, rom am ukanasknelma imoqme�sabWos akisrebs valdebulebas, rom am ukanasknelma imoqme� akisrebs valdebulebas, rom am ukanasknelma imoqme�akisrebs valdebulebas, rom am ukanasknelma imoqme� valdebulebas, rom am ukanasknelma imoqme�valdebulebas, rom am ukanasknelma imoqme� rom am ukanasknelma imoqme�rom am ukanasknelma imoqme� am ukanasknelma imoqme�am ukanasknelma imoqme� ukanasknelma imoqme�ukanasknelma imoqme� imoqme�imoqme�

dos saerTaSoriso mSvidobis interesis Sesabamisad. sabWos konkretuli

uflebamosileba da kompetencia gaTvaliswinebulia gaeros wesdebis V�,

V��, V�� da �� TavebSi.

vinaidan samSvidobo operaciebs gaeros wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf� samSvidobo operaciebs gaeros wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf�samSvidobo operaciebs gaeros wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf� operaciebs gaeros wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf�operaciebs gaeros wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf� gaeros wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf�gaeros wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf� wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf�wesdebaSi ar aqvs mkaf� ar aqvs mkaf�ar aqvs mkaf� aqvs mkaf�aqvs mkaf� mkaf�mkaf�

iod formulirebuli samarTlebrivi safuZveli, marTebuli iqneboda,

19 TIMOR-LESTE Mandate, [http://www.un.org]. 20 damatebiTi informaciiisaTvis ix. The Brahimi Report (2000) recommends that “Member states

should establish a single point of contact responsible of managing provision CIVPOL and related specialties to the United Nations.” Cit. in: William Lewis et al: Enhancing International Civilian Police in Peace Operations. United States Institute of Peace, Special Report, 22 April 2002, [www.usip.org].

138


mTlianobaSi gaanalizebuliyo wesdebis V� da V�� Tavebi. sxva sityvebiT,

rogorc amas xSirad aRniSnaven, samSvidobo operaciebi efuZneba gaeros

wesdebis `V� Tavsa da V�� Tavis naxevars.~21

V� Tavi exeba konfliqtis mogvarebis mSvidobian gzas da sabWos

uflebamosils xdis, imoqmedos konfliqtis arsebobisas, romelmac Sei� xdis, imoqmedos konfliqtis arsebobisas, romelmac Sei�xdis, imoqmedos konfliqtis arsebobisas, romelmac Sei� imoqmedos konfliqtis arsebobisas, romelmac Sei�imoqmedos konfliqtis arsebobisas, romelmac Sei� konfliqtis arsebobisas, romelmac Sei�konfliqtis arsebobisas, romelmac Sei� arsebobisas, romelmac Sei�arsebobisas, romelmac Sei� romelmac Sei�romelmac Sei� Sei�Sei�

Zleba safrTxe Seuqmnas saerTaSoriso mSvidobasa da usafrTxoebas.22

V� Tavis safuZvelze, uSiSroebis sabWos ZaluZs, rekomendacia gaswios

konfliqtis mSvidobiani mogvarebis Sesatyvis formebze. amgvarad, samS� mSvidobiani mogvarebis Sesatyvis formebze. amgvarad, samS�mSvidobiani mogvarebis Sesatyvis formebze. amgvarad, samS� mogvarebis Sesatyvis formebze. amgvarad, samS�mogvarebis Sesatyvis formebze. amgvarad, samS� Sesatyvis formebze. amgvarad, samS�Sesatyvis formebze. amgvarad, samS� formebze. amgvarad, samS�formebze. amgvarad, samS� amgvarad, samS�amgvarad, samS� samS�samS�

vidobo operacia SeiZleba CaiTvalos aseTi saxis Sedegian saSualebad.

V� Tavi iTvaliswinebs mxolod iseT RonisZiebebs, romlebic ar Seicaven

Zalis gamoyenebas.

rac Seexeba wesdebis V�� Tavs, misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe� Seexeba wesdebis V�� Tavs, misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe�Seexeba wesdebis V�� Tavs, misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe� wesdebis V�� Tavs, misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe�wesdebis V�� Tavs, misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe� V�� Tavs, misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe�Tavs, misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe� misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe�misi 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe� 39�e muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe�muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroe� Sesabamisad, uSiSroe�Sesabamisad, uSiSroe� uSiSroe�uSiSroe�

bis sabWo gansazRvravs mSvidobisaTvis nebismier safrTxes, mSvidobis

darRvevis arsebobis nebismier faqtebs, iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo� arsebobis nebismier faqtebs, iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo�arsebobis nebismier faqtebs, iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo� nebismier faqtebs, iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo�nebismier faqtebs, iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo� faqtebs, iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo�faqtebs, iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo� iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo�iseve rogorc agresiis arsebo� rogorc agresiis arsebo�rogorc agresiis arsebo� agresiis arsebo�agresiis arsebo� arsebo�arsebo�

bas. sabWo uflebamosilia, gasces rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is� sabWo uflebamosilia, gasces rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is�sabWo uflebamosilia, gasces rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is� uflebamosilia, gasces rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is�uflebamosilia, gasces rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is� gasces rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is�gasces rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is� rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is�rekomendaciebi da gansazRvros is� da gansazRvros is�da gansazRvros is� gansazRvros is�gansazRvros is� is�is�

eTi RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, romlebic gamomdinareobs wesdebis 41�e

da 42�e muxlebidan. ufro metic, vidre sabWo gamoiyenebs 39�e muxls,

mas aqvs saSualeba, rodesac igi mizanSewonilad miiCnevs, gamoiyenos

me�40 muxli, romelic saTadarigo, prevenciuli Sinaarsis RonisZiebebs

gansazRvravs.

gaeros wesdebis 41�e muxli gulisxmobs araZalismieri RonisZiebebis

amoqmedebas (magaliTisaTvis, ekonomikuri da diplomatiuri sanqciebi)

da zogadad TavisTavSi aerTianebs yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie� zogadad TavisTavSi aerTianebs yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie�zogadad TavisTavSi aerTianebs yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie� TavisTavSi aerTianebs yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie�TavisTavSi aerTianebs yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie� aerTianebs yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie�aerTianebs yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie� yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie�yvela saxis arasamxedro RonisZie� saxis arasamxedro RonisZie�saxis arasamxedro RonisZie� arasamxedro RonisZie�arasamxedro RonisZie� RonisZie�RonisZie�

bebs, maSin rodesac 42�e muxli gulisxmobs swored Zalismier meTodebs

da uSiSroebis sabWos aZlevs saSualebas, gamoiyenos sahaero, samxedro

da saxmeleTo Zalebic ki, Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� saxmeleTo Zalebic ki, Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan�saxmeleTo Zalebic ki, Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� Zalebic ki, Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan�Zalebic ki, Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� ki, Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan�ki, Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan�Tu es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan�es saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan�saWiroa saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan�saerTaSoriso mSvidobis Sesan� mSvidobis Sesan�mSvidobis Sesan� Sesan�Sesan�

arCuneblad da aRsadgenad.

uSiSroebis sabWosgan damoukideblad, romlis gadawyvetileba SeiZle� sabWosgan damoukideblad, romlis gadawyvetileba SeiZle�sabWosgan damoukideblad, romlis gadawyvetileba SeiZle� damoukideblad, romlis gadawyvetileba SeiZle�damoukideblad, romlis gadawyvetileba SeiZle� romlis gadawyvetileba SeiZle�romlis gadawyvetileba SeiZle� gadawyvetileba SeiZle�gadawyvetileba SeiZle� SeiZle�SeiZle�

ba daiblokos vetos gamoyenebiT, mSvidobis dacvis operaciebi SeiZle� daiblokos vetos gamoyenebiT, mSvidobis dacvis operaciebi SeiZle�vetos gamoyenebiT, mSvidobis dacvis operaciebi SeiZle� gamoyenebiT, mSvidobis dacvis operaciebi SeiZle�gamoyenebiT, mSvidobis dacvis operaciebi SeiZle� mSvidobis dacvis operaciebi SeiZle�mSvidobis dacvis operaciebi SeiZle� dacvis operaciebi SeiZle�dacvis operaciebi SeiZle� operaciebi SeiZle�operaciebi SeiZle� SeiZle�SeiZle�

ba Seiqmnas gaeros generaluri asambleis mier. miuxedavad imisa, rom am

ukanasknels samSvidobo misiebis Seqmna SeuZlia, damkvidrebuli praqti� samSvidobo misiebis Seqmna SeuZlia, damkvidrebuli praqti�samSvidobo misiebis Seqmna SeuZlia, damkvidrebuli praqti� misiebis Seqmna SeuZlia, damkvidrebuli praqti�Seqmna SeuZlia, damkvidrebuli praqti� SeuZlia, damkvidrebuli praqti�SeuZlia, damkvidrebuli praqti� damkvidrebuli praqti�damkvidrebuli praqti� praqti�praqti�

kis mixedviT gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos am saqmeSi dominanturi roli aqvs.

21 P. Malanczuck, The UN and Peace and Security, in: Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law, 2004, pp. 385-416.

22 United Nations Charter, Art. 33.

139


Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi generalurma asambleam mxolod eqvs

SemTxvevaSi Seqmna samSvidobo misia, romelTa Soris SeiZleba gamoiyos:

sinis, dasavleT iranis, haitis, eriTreas saamomrCevlo da 1994 wlis

gvatemalis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis misiebi.23

generaluri asambleis kompetencia wesdebaSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnai� asambleis kompetencia wesdebaSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnai�asambleis kompetencia wesdebaSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnai� kompetencia wesdebaSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnai�kompetencia wesdebaSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnai� wesdebaSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnai�wesdebaSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnai� ganisazRvreba Semdegnai�ganisazRvreba Semdegnai� Semdegnai�Semdegnai�

rad: generalur asambleas, gaeros wesdebis me�10 da me�11 muxlebi aniWebs

SesaZleblobas, gasces rekomendaciebi gaeros kompetenciis mixedviT.

me�10 muxli moicavs wesdebasTan dakavSirebul sazogadod nebismier

sakiTxs, rodesac me�11 muxli uSualod exeba saerTaSoriso mSvidobasa

da usafrTxoebas. es rekomendaciebi ar aris savaldebulo xasiaTis da

SeiZleba mimarTuli iyos uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm� mimarTuli iyos uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm�mimarTuli iyos uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm� iyos uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm�iyos uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm� uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm�uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm� sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm�sabWosa da gaeros wevri saxelm� da gaeros wevri saxelm�da gaeros wevri saxelm� gaeros wevri saxelm�gaeros wevri saxelm� wevri saxelm�wevri saxelm� saxelm�saxelm�

wifoebisadmi. aseve, gaeros wesdebis me�14 muxli generalur asambleas

aniWebs uflebas, gasces rekomendaciebi nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi� uflebas, gasces rekomendaciebi nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi�uflebas, gasces rekomendaciebi nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi� gasces rekomendaciebi nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi�gasces rekomendaciebi nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi� rekomendaciebi nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi�rekomendaciebi nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi� nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi�nebismieri situaciis mSvidobi� situaciis mSvidobi�situaciis mSvidobi� mSvidobi�mSvidobi�

ani gadawyvetisaTvis.

gaeros wesdeba pirdapir iTvaliswinebs wess, romlis mixedviT gener� wesdeba pirdapir iTvaliswinebs wess, romlis mixedviT gener�wesdeba pirdapir iTvaliswinebs wess, romlis mixedviT gener� pirdapir iTvaliswinebs wess, romlis mixedviT gener�pirdapir iTvaliswinebs wess, romlis mixedviT gener� iTvaliswinebs wess, romlis mixedviT gener�iTvaliswinebs wess, romlis mixedviT gener� wess, romlis mixedviT gener�wess, romlis mixedviT gener� romlis mixedviT gener�romlis mixedviT gener� mixedviT gener�mixedviT gener� gener�gener�

alur asambleas ar SeuZlia imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS� asambleas ar SeuZlia imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS�asambleas ar SeuZlia imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS� ar SeuZlia imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS�ar SeuZlia imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS� SeuZlia imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS�SeuZlia imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS� imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS�imoqmedos, vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS� vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS�vidre sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS� sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS�sakiTxi ganixileba uSiS� ganixileba uSiS�ganixileba uSiS� uSiS�uSiS�

roebis sabWos mier da vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener� sabWos mier da vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener�sabWos mier da vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener� mier da vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener�mier da vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener� da vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener�da vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener� vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener�vidre uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener� uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener�uSiSroebis sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener� sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener�sabWo Tavad ar sTxovs gener� Tavad ar sTxovs gener�Tavad ar sTxovs gener� ar sTxovs gener�ar sTxovs gener� sTxovs gener�sTxovs gener� gener�gener�

alur asambleas, imoqmedos konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. raoden

samwuxaroc ar unda iyos, gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS� ar unda iyos, gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS�ar unda iyos, gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS� unda iyos, gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS�unda iyos, gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS� iyos, gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS�iyos, gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS� gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS�gaeros generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS� generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS�generaluri asamblea mudmivad uSiS� asamblea mudmivad uSiS�asamblea mudmivad uSiS� mudmivad uSiS�mudmivad uSiS� uSiS�uSiS�

roebis sabWos CrdilqveS imyofeba.24

gaeros praqtikis ganxilvis Semdeg aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec� praqtikis ganxilvis Semdeg aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec�praqtikis ganxilvis Semdeg aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec� ganxilvis Semdeg aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec�ganxilvis Semdeg aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec� Semdeg aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec�Semdeg aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec� aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec�aranakleb mniSvnelovania gavec� mniSvnelovania gavec�mniSvnelovania gavec� gavec�gavec�

noT evrokavSiris praqtikas, radgan mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie� evrokavSiris praqtikas, radgan mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie�evrokavSiris praqtikas, radgan mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie� praqtikas, radgan mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie�praqtikas, radgan mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie� radgan mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie�radgan mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie� mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie�mas saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie� saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie�saerTaSoriso sapolicio misie� sapolicio misie�sapolicio misie� misie�

bis CamoyalibebaSi ufro meti gamocdileba aqvs dagrovili.

3. evrokavSiris sapolicio misiebi

3.1 samarTlebrivi safuZveli

evrokavSiris operaciebis dayofa SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo da samx� operaciebis dayofa SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo da samx�operaciebis dayofa SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo da samx� dayofa SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo da samx�dayofa SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo da samx� SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo da samx�SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo da samx� samoqalaqo da samx�samoqalaqo da samx� da samx�da samx� samx�samx�

edro operaciebad. petersburgis deklaraciaze (Petersburg Declaration) dafuZnebulma amsterdamis xelSekrulebam evrokavSiri gaxada mniS� amsterdamis xelSekrulebam evrokavSiri gaxada mniS�xelSekrulebam evrokavSiri gaxada mniS� evrokavSiri gaxada mniS�evrokavSiri gaxada mniS� gaxada mniS�gaxada mniS� mniS�mniS�

vnelovan moTamaSed saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis saqmeSi.

23 United Nations Documentation: Research Guide, [http://www.un.org]. 24 Cf. Ian Brownlie: Principles of Public International Law, 2008, p. 558.

140


mogvianebiT, 2001 wlis Tebervals, nicis xelSekrulebis me�17 muxlSi

miTiTebulia, rom mniSvneloba mieniWeba saerTo usafrTxoebis siste� rom mniSvneloba mieniWeba saerTo usafrTxoebis siste�rom mniSvneloba mieniWeba saerTo usafrTxoebis siste� mniSvneloba mieniWeba saerTo usafrTxoebis siste�mniSvneloba mieniWeba saerTo usafrTxoebis siste� mieniWeba saerTo usafrTxoebis siste�mieniWeba saerTo usafrTxoebis siste� saerTo usafrTxoebis siste�saerTo usafrTxoebis siste� usafrTxoebis siste�usafrTxoebis siste� siste�siste�

mis Camoyalibebas. ufro metic, evropuli usafrTxoebisa da Tavdacvis

politikis Tanaxmad, evrokavSirma gadawyvita, ganeviTarebina samoqa� Tanaxmad, evrokavSirma gadawyvita, ganeviTarebina samoqa�Tanaxmad, evrokavSirma gadawyvita, ganeviTarebina samoqa� evrokavSirma gadawyvita, ganeviTarebina samoqa�evrokavSirma gadawyvita, ganeviTarebina samoqa� gadawyvita, ganeviTarebina samoqa�gadawyvita, ganeviTarebina samoqa� ganeviTarebina samoqa�ganeviTarebina samoqa� samoqa�samoqa�

laqo aspeqtebi krizisis menejmentis oTxi prioritetuli mimarTule� prioritetuli mimarTule�mimarTule�

biT: policia, kanonis uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra� policia, kanonis uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra�policia, kanonis uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra� kanonis uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra�kanonis uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra� uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra�uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra� ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra�ganmtkiceba, samoqalaqo administra� samoqalaqo administra�samoqalaqo administra� administra�administra�

ciisa da samoqalaqo dacvis ganmtkiceba.

rac Seexeba policias, evrokavSiri miznad isaxavs, ganaxorcielos

nebismieri saxis sapolicio misia, romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad� saxis sapolicio misia, romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad�saxis sapolicio misia, romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad� sapolicio misia, romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad�sapolicio misia, romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad� misia, romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad�misia, romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad� romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad�romelsac eqneba sakonsultacio, ad� eqneba sakonsultacio, ad�eqneba sakonsultacio, ad� sakonsultacio, ad�sakonsultacio, ad� ad�ad�

gilobrivi policiis wvrTnis, daxmarebisa Tu misi Canacvlebis mova� policiis wvrTnis, daxmarebisa Tu misi Canacvlebis mova�policiis wvrTnis, daxmarebisa Tu misi Canacvlebis mova� wvrTnis, daxmarebisa Tu misi Canacvlebis mova�wvrTnis, daxmarebisa Tu misi Canacvlebis mova� daxmarebisa Tu misi Canacvlebis mova�daxmarebisa Tu misi Canacvlebis mova� Tu misi Canacvlebis mova�Tu misi Canacvlebis mova� misi Canacvlebis mova�misi Canacvlebis mova� Canacvlebis mova�Canacvlebis mova� mova�mova�

leoba. evrokavSiri wevrma saxelmwifoebma 2003 wels uzrunvelyves

5000 policiis oficriT.

jerac araratificirebulma lisabonis xelSekrulebam (Lisbon Trea-ty) gaafarTova samoqmedo areali da SeaRwia erToblivi ganiaraRebis,

humanitarul da samaSvelo operaciebSi, moicva samxedro konsulta� da samaSvelo operaciebSi, moicva samxedro konsulta�da samaSvelo operaciebSi, moicva samxedro konsulta� samaSvelo operaciebSi, moicva samxedro konsulta�operaciebSi, moicva samxedro konsulta� moicva samxedro konsulta�moicva samxedro konsulta� samxedro konsulta�samxedro konsulta� konsulta�konsulta�

ciebi, konfliqtis prevencia da samSvidobo operaciebi, iseve rogorc

krizisis menejmenti, maT Soris mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli� menejmenti, maT Soris mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli�menejmenti, maT Soris mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli� maT Soris mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli�maT Soris mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli� Soris mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli�Soris mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli� mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli�mSvidobis damyareba da postkonfli� damyareba da postkonfli�damyareba da postkonfli� da postkonfli�da postkonfli� postkonfli�konfli�

qturi situaciis stabilizacia (43�e muxli).

3.2 evrokavSiris sapolicio misiebis mimoxilva

evrokavSiris pirveli sapolicio misia ganxorcielda bosnia�herce� pirveli sapolicio misia ganxorcielda bosnia�herce�pirveli sapolicio misia ganxorcielda bosnia�herce� sapolicio misia ganxorcielda bosnia�herce�sapolicio misia ganxorcielda bosnia�herce� misia ganxorcielda bosnia�herce�misia ganxorcielda bosnia�herce� ganxorcielda bosnia�herce�ganxorcielda bosnia�herce� bosnia�herce�

govinaSi. misia daiwyo 2003 wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli�misia daiwyo 2003 wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli� daiwyo 2003 wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli�daiwyo 2003 wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli� 2003 wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli�2003 wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli� wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli�wlis 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli� 1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli�1 ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli� ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli�ianvars gaeros saerTaSoriso poli� gaeros saerTaSoriso poli�gaeros saerTaSoriso poli� saerTaSoriso poli�saerTaSoriso poli� poli�poli�

ciis Zalis misiis Semdgom. evrokavSiris mier ganxorcielebuli sxva

danarCeni sapolicio misiebia:25

1. evrokavSiris sapolicio misia palestinis teritoriaze (2006 wlidan);

2. evrokavSiris sapolicio misia avRaneTSi (2007 wlidan);

3. evrokavSiris sapolicio misia kongoSi (2007 wlidan);

4. evrokavSiris sapolicio misia firomSi (proqsima, 2004�2005 wlebSi);

5. evrokavSiris sapolicio misia kinSasaSi (2005�2007 wlebSi).

upriani iqneba warmovadginoT ramdenime misis analizi, raTa ufro

naTlad davinaxoT evrokavSiris misiis Seqmnis gza, miznebi da amocanebi.

25 A. Sari, Status of Forces and Status of Mission Agreements under the ESDP: the EU’s Evolving Prac-tice, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 19 no. 1 (2008), pp. 67-100.

141


3.3. evrokavSiris sapolicio misiebis Seqmna da mandatis miniWeba

3.3.1. evrokavSiris policia

evrokavSiris xelSekrulebis me�14 muxlisa da/an jerac aumoqmede� xelSekrulebis me�14 muxlisa da/an jerac aumoqmede�xelSekrulebis me�14 muxlisa da/an jerac aumoqmede� me�14 muxlisa da/an jerac aumoqmede�muxlisa da/an jerac aumoqmede� da/an jerac aumoqmede�jerac aumoqmede� aumoqmede�

beli konsolidirebuli xelSekrulebis 28�e muxlis safuZvelze, ev�konsolidirebuli xelSekrulebis 28�e muxlis safuZvelze, ev� xelSekrulebis 28�e muxlis safuZvelze, ev�xelSekrulebis 28�e muxlis safuZvelze, ev� 28�e muxlis safuZvelze, ev�muxlis safuZvelze, ev� safuZvelze, ev�safuZvelze, ev� ev�ev�

rokavSiris sabWos SeuZlia Seqmnas sapolicio misia. magaliTisaTvis

gamodgeba pirveli misia bosnia�hercegovinaSi,26 romelzec Tavad bo�romelzec Tavad bo� Tavad bo�Tavad bo� bo�

snia�hercegovina iyo pasuxismgebeli.27 miznis misaRwevad dasaxul iqna:

gafarToebuliyo policia, misi menejeruli da operaciuli SesaZle� policia, misi menejeruli da operaciuli SesaZle�policia, misi menejeruli da operaciuli SesaZle� misi menejeruli da operaciuli SesaZle�misi menejeruli da operaciuli SesaZle� menejeruli da operaciuli SesaZle�da operaciuli SesaZle� operaciuli SesaZle�operaciuli SesaZle� SesaZle�SesaZle�

blobebi, gaRrmavebuliyo oficerTa profesionalizmi da policiaze

ganxorcielebuliyo politikuri kontrolis meqanizmi.

faqtia, evrokavSiris policia Tavis funqcias axorcielebs monitor� evrokavSiris policia Tavis funqcias axorcielebs monitor�evrokavSiris policia Tavis funqcias axorcielebs monitor� policia Tavis funqcias axorcielebs monitor�policia Tavis funqcias axorcielebs monitor� Tavis funqcias axorcielebs monitor�Tavis funqcias axorcielebs monitor� funqcias axorcielebs monitor�funqcias axorcielebs monitor� axorcielebs monitor�axorcielebs monitor� monitor�monitor�

ingis, zedamxedvelobisa da treningis meSveobiT; misiis xelmZRvaneli

iniSneba evrokavSiris sabWos mier, xolo misiis sxva wevrebi _ misiis

xelmZRvanelis, policiis komisris mier.

3.3.2. evrokavSiris misia palestinaSi

palestinis misiis mizani mocemulia misiis aqtSi,28 romlis me�2 muxlSi

aRniSnulia, rom saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT, evrokavSiris misia

xels Seuwyobs, palestinaSi Camoyalibdes mdgradi da efeqtiani policia.

misia ganaxorcielebs palestinaSi sapolicio ganviTarebis programas.

garda amisa, igi uzrunvelyofs evrokavSirisa da wevri saxelmwifoebis

mier gaweuli daxmarebis koordinirebasa da xelSewyobas, iseve rogorc

policiisaTvis gaswevs konsultaciebs sisxlissamarTlebriv sakiTxebze.

3.3.3. misia rafaSi (palestina)

evrokavSiris kidev erTi operacia palestinis teritoriaze aris

evrokavSiris sazRvris daxmarebis misia rafaSi,29 Razisa da egviptis

26 Council Joint Action 2002/210/CFSP, 11 March, 2002, [www.ena.lu].27 iqve, danarTi �.2.28 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. [http://eur-lex.europa.eu].29 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah Crossing Point in the

Palestinian Territories (EU BAM Rafah), [http://ue.eu.int].

142


sazRvrebis gadakveTaze. aRniSnuli operacia mimdinareobs 2005 wlis 30

noembridan. miuxedavad imisa, rom misias hqonda Seferxebebi israelsa

da palestinas Soris arsebuli politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq� palestinas Soris arsebuli politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq�palestinas Soris arsebuli politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq� Soris arsebuli politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq�Soris arsebuli politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq� arsebuli politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq�arsebuli politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq� politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq�politikuri situaciis gamo, misi moq� situaciis gamo, misi moq�situaciis gamo, misi moq� gamo, misi moq�gamo, misi moq� misi moq�misi moq� moq�moq�

medebis vada gagrZelda 2009 wlis 24 noembramde.

misiis mandatis mixedviT, evrokavSiri mzad aris, mxari dauWiros

palestinis oficialur pirebs, itvirTon kanonisa da sazogadoebrivi

marTlwesrigis dacvis pasuxismgebloba.

mandatis mixedviT, misia monitorings gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea� mixedviT, misia monitorings gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea�mixedviT, misia monitorings gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea� misia monitorings gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea�misia monitorings gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea� monitorings gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea�monitorings gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea� gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea�gauwevs, Seamowmebs da Sea� Seamowmebs da Sea�Seamowmebs da Sea� da Sea�da Sea� Sea�Sea�

fasebs sabaJos dacvis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis miRwevis saqmeSi palestinel

Tanamdebobis pirTa winsvlas, iseve rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz� pirTa winsvlas, iseve rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz�pirTa winsvlas, iseve rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz� winsvlas, iseve rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz�winsvlas, iseve rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz� iseve rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz�iseve rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz� rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz�rogorc uzrunvelyofs rafis saz� uzrunvelyofs rafis saz�uzrunvelyofs rafis saz� rafis saz�rafis saz� saz�saz�

Rvris administrirebas. amasTan, is konsultacias gauwevs israelel,

palestinel da egviptel oficialur pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq�da egviptel oficialur pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq� egviptel oficialur pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq�egviptel oficialur pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq� oficialur pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq�oficialur pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq� pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq�pirTa Soris SeTanxmebuli moq� Soris SeTanxmebuli moq�Soris SeTanxmebuli moq� SeTanxmebuli moq�SeTanxmebuli moq� moq�moq�

medebis ganxorcielebas, iseve rogorc daaregulirebs rafis sazRvris

administrirebis sakiTxebs.30

4. daskvna

gaerosa da evrokavSiris praqtikis analizidan gamomdinare SeiZleba

gakeTdes ramdenime daskvna. evrokavSirma isargebla gaeros mraval� ramdenime daskvna. evrokavSirma isargebla gaeros mraval�ramdenime daskvna. evrokavSirma isargebla gaeros mraval� daskvna. evrokavSirma isargebla gaeros mraval�daskvna. evrokavSirma isargebla gaeros mraval� evrokavSirma isargebla gaeros mraval�evrokavSirma isargebla gaeros mraval� isargebla gaeros mraval�isargebla gaeros mraval� gaeros mraval�gaeros mraval� mraval�mraval�

wliani gamocdilebiT da calke gamoyo sapolicio funqciis instituti,

romelic gaeros samSvidobo operaciebis erT�erTi komponentTagani

iyo, gadaaqcia is sapolicio misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe� gadaaqcia is sapolicio misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe�gadaaqcia is sapolicio misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe� is sapolicio misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe�is sapolicio misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe� sapolicio misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe�sapolicio misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe� misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe�misiad, misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe� misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe�misTvis gansazRvruli davalebe� gansazRvruli davalebe�gansazRvruli davalebe� davalebe�davalebe�

biTa da konkretuli uflebamosilebiT.

Tavisi misiebis Tvrametsave SemTxvevaSi evrokavSirma, iseve rogorc

gaerom, moipova mesame saxelmwifos, misiis maspinZeli qveynis pirdapiri

Tanxmoba.

gaeros samSvidobo operaciebis dasaxelebaSi mxolod orjer fiq� samSvidobo operaciebis dasaxelebaSi mxolod orjer fiq�samSvidobo operaciebis dasaxelebaSi mxolod orjer fiq� operaciebis dasaxelebaSi mxolod orjer fiq�operaciebis dasaxelebaSi mxolod orjer fiq� dasaxelebaSi mxolod orjer fiq�dasaxelebaSi mxolod orjer fiq� mxolod orjer fiq�mxolod orjer fiq� orjer fiq�orjer fiq� fiq�fiq�

sirdeba sityva policia (magaliTad, samoqalaqo sapolicio misia, haiti;

gaeros samoqalaqo policiis daxmarebis jgufi, xorvatia).

rac Seexeba evrokavSirs, amgvar misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin� Seexeba evrokavSirs, amgvar misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin�Seexeba evrokavSirs, amgvar misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin� evrokavSirs, amgvar misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin�evrokavSirs, amgvar misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin� amgvar misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin�amgvar misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin� misiebs igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin�igi icnobs avRaneTSi, kin� icnobs avRaneTSi, kin�icnobs avRaneTSi, kin� avRaneTSi, kin�avRaneTSi, kin� kin�

Sasasa da kongoSi. miuxedavad amisa, evrokavSiri gaeros SesamCnevad

CamorCeba policiis oficerTa raodenobiT. gaeros 12.000 samoqalaqo

30 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. Council Joint Action 2005/889/CFSP of 12 December 2005, Preamble, cogitation no. 6.

143


policieli hyavs, rodesac evrokavSiri iTvlis mxolod 800 samoqalaqo

oficers.

aseve gansxvavdeba gaerosa da evrokavSiris praqtika misiebis Seqm� gansxvavdeba gaerosa da evrokavSiris praqtika misiebis Seqm�gansxvavdeba gaerosa da evrokavSiris praqtika misiebis Seqm� gaerosa da evrokavSiris praqtika misiebis Seqm�da evrokavSiris praqtika misiebis Seqm� evrokavSiris praqtika misiebis Seqm�evrokavSiris praqtika misiebis Seqm� praqtika misiebis Seqm�praqtika misiebis Seqm� misiebis Seqm�Seqm�

nasa da mandatis miniWebaSi: gaeros egidiT misiis Camoyalibeba SeiZleba

warumateblad dasruldes, Tu uSiSroebis sabWos romelime wevrma ve� dasruldes, Tu uSiSroebis sabWos romelime wevrma ve�dasruldes, Tu uSiSroebis sabWos romelime wevrma ve� Tu uSiSroebis sabWos romelime wevrma ve�Tu uSiSroebis sabWos romelime wevrma ve� uSiSroebis sabWos romelime wevrma ve�uSiSroebis sabWos romelime wevrma ve� sabWos romelime wevrma ve�sabWos romelime wevrma ve� romelime wevrma ve�romelime wevrma ve� wevrma ve�wevrma ve� ve�ve�

tos ufleba gamoiyena. generaluri asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle� ufleba gamoiyena. generaluri asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle�ufleba gamoiyena. generaluri asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle� gamoiyena. generaluri asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle�gamoiyena. generaluri asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle� generaluri asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle�generaluri asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle� asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle�asambleac SezRudulia Tavis ufle� SezRudulia Tavis ufle�SezRudulia Tavis ufle� Tavis ufle�Tavis ufle� ufle�ufle�

bamosilebaSi, radgan am ukanasknels ar gaaCnia gadawyvetilebis miRebis

realuri Zala.

xolo rac Seexeba evrokavSiris praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne� rac Seexeba evrokavSiris praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne�rac Seexeba evrokavSiris praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne� Seexeba evrokavSiris praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne�Seexeba evrokavSiris praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne� evrokavSiris praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne�evrokavSiris praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne� praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne�praqtikas, misi yvela misia dafuZne� misi yvela misia dafuZne�misi yvela misia dafuZne� yvela misia dafuZne�yvela misia dafuZne� misia dafuZne�misia dafuZne� dafuZne�dafuZne�

bulia evropuli sabWos erTobliv qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek� evropuli sabWos erTobliv qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek�evropuli sabWos erTobliv qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek� sabWos erTobliv qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek�sabWos erTobliv qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek� erTobliv qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek�erTobliv qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek� qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek�qmedebebze (evrokavSiris xelSek� (evrokavSiris xelSek�(evrokavSiris xelSek� xelSek�xelSek�

ruleba, me�14 muxli).

konfliqtiT dazaralebul adgilze saerTaSoriso sapolicio misiis

Seqmna unda iyos aRqmuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz� unda iyos aRqmuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz�unda iyos aRqmuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz� iyos aRqmuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz�iyos aRqmuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz� aRqmuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz�aRqmuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz� adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz�adamianis uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz� uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz�uflebaTa dacvis efeqtian meqaniz� dacvis efeqtian meqaniz�dacvis efeqtian meqaniz� efeqtian meqaniz�efeqtian meqaniz� meqaniz�meqaniz�

mad, radgan mas aqvs pirdapiri saSualeba, gaakontrolos adgilobrivi

policia an Tavad ganaxorcielos sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun� an Tavad ganaxorcielos sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun�an Tavad ganaxorcielos sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun� Tavad ganaxorcielos sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun�Tavad ganaxorcielos sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun� ganaxorcielos sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun�ganaxorcielos sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun� sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun�sapolicio funqciebi. sapolicio fun� funqciebi. sapolicio fun�funqciebi. sapolicio fun� sapolicio fun�sapolicio fun� fun�fun�

qciis pirdapiri ganxorcieleba ki, ra Tqma unda, damokidebuli iqneba

adgilobrivi policiis arsebobaze, iseve rogorc imaze, Tu ramdenad

saWiroa, rom adgilobrivi policiis funqcia itvirTos Tavad misiam.

evrokavSiris egidiT sapolicio misiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve� egidiT sapolicio misiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve�egidiT sapolicio misiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve� sapolicio misiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve�sapolicio misiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve� misiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve�misiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve� Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve�Sesaqmnelad saWiroa SemTxve� saWiroa SemTxve�saWiroa SemTxve� SemTxve�SemTxve�

vis adgilze arsebobdes krizisuli situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu� adgilze arsebobdes krizisuli situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu�adgilze arsebobdes krizisuli situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu� arsebobdes krizisuli situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu�arsebobdes krizisuli situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu� krizisuli situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu�krizisuli situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu� situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu�situacia. Tavad situaciis krizisu� Tavad situaciis krizisu�Tavad situaciis krizisu� situaciis krizisu�situaciis krizisu� krizisu�krizisu�

lad dakvalificirebis meqanizmi metad bundovania. ismis kiTxva, Tu ra

SeiZleba CaiTvalos krizisad? evropuli sabWos wevrebi erTsulovani

unda iyvnen TavianT gadawyvetilebaSi, xolo eWvgareSea, rom adamianis

uflebebis permanentuli darRvevebi, romelic rCeba reagirebis gareSe,

marTebulia CaiTvalos krizisul situaciad.

dResdReobiT, rodesac msoflioSi mZvinvarebs SeiaraRebuli kon� rodesac msoflioSi mZvinvarebs SeiaraRebuli kon�rodesac msoflioSi mZvinvarebs SeiaraRebuli kon� msoflioSi mZvinvarebs SeiaraRebuli kon�msoflioSi mZvinvarebs SeiaraRebuli kon� mZvinvarebs SeiaraRebuli kon�mZvinvarebs SeiaraRebuli kon� SeiaraRebuli kon�SeiaraRebuli kon� kon�kon�

fliqtebi, maSin rodesac mxareebs Soris ar aris miRweuli mdgradi

mSvidoba, gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebebis upiro� gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebebis upiro�gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebebis upiro� mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebebis upiro�mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebebis upiro� adamianis uflebebis upiro�adamianis uflebebis upiro� uflebebis upiro�uflebebis upiro� upiro�upiro�

bo dacva da, am kuTxiT, Zalisxmevis ganmtkiceba. gayinuli konfliqtebis

SemTxvevaSi metad mwvaved dgas sakiTxi, Tu vin gamoiZiebs adamianis

uflebebis darRvevis faqtebs da, Sesabamisad, vin aRkveTs maT? aq ar

igulisxmeba Zalismieri meTodebis gamoyeneba, aramed moiazreba kanonis

uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba, misi danergva, iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa� ganmtkiceba, misi danergva, iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa�ganmtkiceba, misi danergva, iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa� misi danergva, iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa�misi danergva, iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa� danergva, iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa�danergva, iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa� iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa�iseve rogorc mdgradi saerTa� rogorc mdgradi saerTa�rogorc mdgradi saerTa� mdgradi saerTa�mdgradi saerTa� saerTa�saerTa�

Soriso sadamkvirveblo misiis Camoyalibeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saer� sadamkvirveblo misiis Camoyalibeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saer�misiis Camoyalibeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saer� Camoyalibeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saer�Camoyalibeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saer� romelic, Tavis mxriv, saer�romelic, Tavis mxriv, saer� Tavis mxriv, saer�Tavis mxriv, saer� mxriv, saer�mxriv, saer� saer�saer�

TaSoriso Tanamegobrobas miawvdis utyuar informacias konfliqtiT

144


dazaralebul mxareebSi adamianis uflebaTa gamovlenili darRvevebis

Sesaxeb; aseve misia adgilobriv policias daexmareba Tavisi funqciis

ganxorcielebaSi. imavdroulad, unda aRiniSnos, rom arasaerTaSoriso

konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac konfliqtis mxareebi arian suverenu� SemTxvevaSi, rodesac konfliqtis mxareebi arian suverenu�SemTxvevaSi, rodesac konfliqtis mxareebi arian suverenu� rodesac konfliqtis mxareebi arian suverenu�rodesac konfliqtis mxareebi arian suverenu� konfliqtis mxareebi arian suverenu�konfliqtis mxareebi arian suverenu� mxareebi arian suverenu�mxareebi arian suverenu� arian suverenu�arian suverenu� suverenu�suverenu�

li saxelmwifo da separatistuli samxedro formirebebi, misiis Seqmna

marTebulad unda efuZnebodes saxelmwifo suverenitetis pativiscemis

saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv princips.

145

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo da brZola terorizmisa da separatizmis winaaRmdeg

iens maier-ladevigi

I. evrosabWos mdidari gamocdileba da sakiTxis aqtualoba

evrosabWos terorizmTan brZolis didi gamocdileba aqvs. garkveuli

problemebi arsebobs CrdiloeT irlandiaSi, espaneTsa da safrangeTSi

baskebTan dakavSirebiT, italiaSi mafiasa da `brigati rosisTan~, ger� dakavSirebiT, italiaSi mafiasa da `brigati rosisTan~, ger�dakavSirebiT, italiaSi mafiasa da `brigati rosisTan~, ger� italiaSi mafiasa da `brigati rosisTan~, ger�italiaSi mafiasa da `brigati rosisTan~, ger� mafiasa da `brigati rosisTan~, ger�mafiasa da `brigati rosisTan~, ger� da `brigati rosisTan~, ger�da `brigati rosisTan~, ger� `brigati rosisTan~, ger�ger�

maniaSi wiTeli armiis fraqciasTan (baader�mainhofis jgufi), TurqeTSi

qurTebTan da dResdReobiT ruseTSi CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire� da dResdReobiT ruseTSi CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire�da dResdReobiT ruseTSi CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire� dResdReobiT ruseTSi CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire�dResdReobiT ruseTSi CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire� ruseTSi CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire�ruseTSi CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire� CeCneTis konfliqtTan dakavSire�konfliqtTan dakavSire� dakavSire�dakavSire�

biT. kidev araerTi magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT� kidev araerTi magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT�kidev araerTi magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT� araerTi magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT�araerTi magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT� magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT�magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT� moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT�moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT� SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT�SesaZlebeli, maT Soris, saqarT� maT Soris, saqarT�maT Soris, saqarT� Soris, saqarT�Soris, saqarT� saqarT�saqarT�

veloSic, afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTTan mimarTebiT.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom sakmaod adreul sta� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom sakmaod adreul sta�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom sakmaod adreul sta� sasamarTlom sakmaod adreul sta�sasamarTlom sakmaod adreul sta� sakmaod adreul sta�sakmaod adreul sta� adreul sta�adreul sta� sta�sta�

diazeve1 Camoayaliba arsebuli problemebi: erTi mxriv, man aRiara

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis monawile qveynebis legiti� uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis monawile qveynebis legiti�uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis monawile qveynebis legiti� evropuli konvenciis monawile qveynebis legiti�evropuli konvenciis monawile qveynebis legiti� konvenciis monawile qveynebis legiti�konvenciis monawile qveynebis legiti� monawile qveynebis legiti�monawile qveynebis legiti� qveynebis legiti�qveynebis legiti� legiti�

muri interesebi da sirTuleebi terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC�interesebi da sirTuleebi terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC� da sirTuleebi terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC�da sirTuleebi terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC� sirTuleebi terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC�sirTuleebi terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC� terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC�terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT. CeC� brZolis kuTxiT. CeC�brZolis kuTxiT. CeC� kuTxiT. CeC�kuTxiT. CeC� CeC�

neTis SemTxvevaSic ki adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom

daadgina, rom aucilebeli iyo gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx� rom aucilebeli iyo gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx�rom aucilebeli iyo gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx� aucilebeli iyo gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx�aucilebeli iyo gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx� iyo gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx�iyo gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx� gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx�gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ganx� RonisZiebebis ganx�RonisZiebebis ganx� ganx�ganx�

orcieleba, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gamoyenebis CaTvliT;2 meore mxriv,

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe�evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe�sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� xazi gausva im garemoe�xazi gausva im garemoe� gausva im garemoe�gausva im garemoe� im garemoe�im garemoe� garemoe�garemoe�

bas, rom saxelmwifos ara aqvs kart�blanSi terorizmTan brZolis

kuTxiT da is unda iTvaliswinebdes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

konvenciis ZiriTad faseulobebs. adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me�

15 muxli cxadyofs, rom saxelmwifom, Tundac urTules krizisul

1 29.11.1988 gadawyvetileba saqmeze — brogani didi britaneTis winaaRmdeg, seria a, tomi 145.2 24.02.2005 gadawyvetileba, 57947/00, # 180, 200, isaeva ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

146

iens maier-ladevigi

situaciebSi, unda gaiTvaliswinos wamebis akrZalvis principi adamia� unda gaiTvaliswinos wamebis akrZalvis principi adamia�unda gaiTvaliswinos wamebis akrZalvis principi adamia� gaiTvaliswinos wamebis akrZalvis principi adamia�gaiTvaliswinos wamebis akrZalvis principi adamia� wamebis akrZalvis principi adamia�wamebis akrZalvis principi adamia� akrZalvis principi adamia�akrZalvis principi adamia� principi adamia�principi adamia� adamia�adamia�

nis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxlis Sesabamisad, monobisa

da iZulebiTi Sromis akrZalva amave konvenciis me�4 muxlis 1�li

punqtis Tanaxmad, aseve konvenciis me�7 muxlis principi _ araviTari

sasjeli kanonis gareSe. konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax� kanonis gareSe. konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax�kanonis gareSe. konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax� gareSe. konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax�gareSe. konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax� konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax�konvenciis me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax� me�2 muxlis debulebebidan gadax�muxlis debulebebidan gadax� debulebebidan gadax�debulebebidan gadax� gadax�gadax�

veva SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo� SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo�SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo� mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo�mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo� im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo�im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo� SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo�SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea marTlzo� rodesac saxezea marTlzo�rodesac saxezea marTlzo� saxezea marTlzo�saxezea marTlzo� marTlzo�

mieri saomari moqmedebebi. Tumca konvenciaSi araferia naTqvami omis

saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebze.

terorizmTan brZolis dros wamebis akrZalvis aqtualobas adas� brZolis dros wamebis akrZalvis aqtualobas adas�brZolis dros wamebis akrZalvis aqtualobas adas� dros wamebis akrZalvis aqtualobas adas�dros wamebis akrZalvis aqtualobas adas� wamebis akrZalvis aqtualobas adas�wamebis akrZalvis aqtualobas adas� akrZalvis aqtualobas adas�akrZalvis aqtualobas adas� aqtualobas adas�aqtualobas adas� adas�adas�

turebs araerTi diskusia ara mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin� araerTi diskusia ara mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin�araerTi diskusia ara mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin� diskusia ara mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin�diskusia ara mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin� ara mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin�ara mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin� mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin�mxolod evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin� evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin�evropis qveynebSi, aramed adrin� qveynebSi, aramed adrin�qveynebSi, aramed adrin� aramed adrin�aramed adrin� adrin�adrin�

deli amerikuli praqtikac.

2. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos garkveuli sirTuleebi

erT�erTi umTavresi sirTule faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgenaa.

rodesac adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmes,

masSi gasaCivrebuli qmedebebi da faqtobrivi garemoebebi ukve didi xnis

momxdaria. saxelmwifo organoebma da sasamarTlom araerTxel Seikaves

Tavi qmedebisagan, swrafad da masStaburad gamoekvliaT faqtobrivi

garemoebebi. marTalia, adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seu� marTalia, adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seu�marTalia, adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seu� adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seu�adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seu� uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seu�uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seu� evropul sasamarTlos Seu�evropul sasamarTlos Seu� sasamarTlos Seu�sasamarTlos Seu� Seu�Seu�

Zlia moipovos da Seagrovos mtkicebulebebi, rac araerTxel gaukeTebia

kidec, magaliTad, daukiTxavs mowmeebi mopasuxe saxelmwifodan, magram

Zalian rTulia garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba war� rTulia garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba war�rTulia garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba war� garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba war�garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba war� sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba war�moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba war� ganxorcieleba war�ganxorcieleba war� war�war�

moebaSi myofi saqmeebis simravlisa da sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobis

gamo (gansakuTrebiT, ruseTis winaaRmdeg CeCneTSi ukanasknel periodSi

ganxorcielebuli samxedro operaciebis gamo). Tumca adamianis ufle� samxedro operaciebis gamo). Tumca adamianis ufle�samxedro operaciebis gamo). Tumca adamianis ufle� operaciebis gamo). Tumca adamianis ufle�operaciebis gamo). Tumca adamianis ufle� gamo). Tumca adamianis ufle�gamo). Tumca adamianis ufle� Tumca adamianis ufle�Tumca adamianis ufle� adamianis ufle�adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropuli sasamarTlo iZulebuli iyo, epova gamosavali, Tu ras

efuZneba konkretulad misi sasamarTlo praqtika saxelmwifos dacviTi,

sagamoZiebo da TanamonawileobiTi valdebulebebis WrilSi faqtobrivi

garemoebebis dadgenisas. amave konteqsts ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle� dadgenisas. amave konteqsts ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle�dadgenisas. amave konteqsts ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle� amave konteqsts ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle�amave konteqsts ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle� konteqsts ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle�konteqsts ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle� ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle�ganekuTvneba adamianis ufle� adamianis ufle�adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropuli konvenciis 38�e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax� evropuli konvenciis 38�e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax�evropuli konvenciis 38�e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax� konvenciis 38�e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax�konvenciis 38�e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax� 38�e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax�muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax� gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax�gaTvaliswinebuli mopasuxe sax� mopasuxe sax�mopasuxe sax� sax�sax�

elmwifos mxridan Tanamonawileobis valdebulebis darRvevis faqtis

dadgena.

147


3. CrdiloeT irlandia

1. broganis saqme3 exeboda CrdiloeT irlandiaSi terorizmTan brZo�exeboda CrdiloeT irlandiaSi terorizmTan brZo� CrdiloeT irlandiaSi terorizmTan brZo�CrdiloeT irlandiaSi terorizmTan brZo� irlandiaSi terorizmTan brZo�irlandiaSi terorizmTan brZo� terorizmTan brZo�terorizmTan brZo� brZo�brZo�

lis magaliTs. dainteresebuli piri wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da� magaliTs. dainteresebuli piri wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da�magaliTs. dainteresebuli piri wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da� dainteresebuli piri wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da�dainteresebuli piri wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da� piri wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da�piri wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da� wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da�wardga mosamarTlis winaSe da� mosamarTlis winaSe da�mosamarTlis winaSe da� winaSe da�winaSe da� da�da�

kavebidan 4 dRisa da 6 saaTis Semdeg. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom terorizmTan brZolis sirTulis gaT� daadgina, rom terorizmTan brZolis sirTulis gaT�daadgina, rom terorizmTan brZolis sirTulis gaT� rom terorizmTan brZolis sirTulis gaT�rom terorizmTan brZolis sirTulis gaT� terorizmTan brZolis sirTulis gaT�terorizmTan brZolis sirTulis gaT� brZolis sirTulis gaT�brZolis sirTulis gaT� sirTulis gaT�sirTulis gaT� gaT�gaT�

valiswinebis fonzec ki es ar iyo „dauyovnebeli“ wardgena, adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�3 punqtis Sesabamisad.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo yovelTvis miuTiTebs am

ZiriTad debulebaze.

2. irlandia/didi britaneTis saqmeze4 sasamarTlom daadgina, rom faq�sasamarTlom daadgina, rom faq� daadgina, rom faq�daadgina, rom faq� rom faq�rom faq� faq�faq�

tobriv garemoebaTa gamoZiebis kuTxiT is iyenebs princips, romlis

Tanaxmadac mopovebuli mtkicebuleba aRar unda iZleodes dasabuTe� mopovebuli mtkicebuleba aRar unda iZleodes dasabuTe�mopovebuli mtkicebuleba aRar unda iZleodes dasabuTe� mtkicebuleba aRar unda iZleodes dasabuTe�mtkicebuleba aRar unda iZleodes dasabuTe� aRar unda iZleodes dasabuTe�aRar unda iZleodes dasabuTe� dasabuTe�dasabuTe�

buli eWvis safuZvels. igi unda eyrdnobodes samxilebsa da faqtebis

varauds. kidev erTi garemoeba, romelsac Semdgom kidev ufro meti

mniSvneloba eniWeba, aris xelisuflebis qceva faqtobrivi garemoe� eniWeba, aris xelisuflebis qceva faqtobrivi garemoe�eniWeba, aris xelisuflebis qceva faqtobrivi garemoe� aris xelisuflebis qceva faqtobrivi garemoe�aris xelisuflebis qceva faqtobrivi garemoe� xelisuflebis qceva faqtobrivi garemoe�xelisuflebis qceva faqtobrivi garemoe� qceva faqtobrivi garemoe�qceva faqtobrivi garemoe� faqtobrivi garemoe�faqtobrivi garemoe� garemoe�garemoe�

bebis gamoZiebisas.

3. udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda saqmes _ makkeini da sxvebi didi brita�

neTis winaaRmdeg,5 romelic exeboda britanuli policiis mier sa�romelic exeboda britanuli policiis mier sa� exeboda britanuli policiis mier sa�exeboda britanuli policiis mier sa� britanuli policiis mier sa�britanuli policiis mier sa� policiis mier sa�policiis mier sa� mier sa�mier sa� sa�sa�

varaudo teroristebis sicocxlis mospobas gibraltarze. policias

hqonda eWvis safuZveli mosalodneli teroristuli aqtis Sesaxeb.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe�evropulma sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe�sasamarTlom xazi gausva im garemoe� xazi gausva im garemoe�xazi gausva im garemoe� gausva im garemoe�gausva im garemoe� im garemoe�im garemoe� garemoe�garemoe�

bas, rom Zalis gamoyeneba sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile� rom Zalis gamoyeneba sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile�rom Zalis gamoyeneba sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile� Zalis gamoyeneba sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile�Zalis gamoyeneba sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile� gamoyeneba sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile�gamoyeneba sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile� sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile�sasikvdilo SedegiT unda iyos aucile� SedegiT unda iyos aucile�SedegiT unda iyos aucile� unda iyos aucile�unda iyos aucile� iyos aucile�iyos aucile� aucile�aucile�

beli samarTliani miznis misaRwevad da es aucilebloba zustad unda

iyos ganmartebuli. amasTan, Zalis gamoyeneba unda iyos Tanazomieri.

aseve gonivrulad unda iyos mowesrigebuli cecxlsasroli iaraRis

gamoyeneba policiis mxridan. calsaxad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli da

mkacrad gansazRvruli Sesabamisi winapirobebi. adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlo mkacr winapirobebs awesebs aseve policiuri

specoperaciebis dasagegmad da gansaxorcieleblad. im SemTxveva� dasagegmad da gansaxorcieleblad. im SemTxveva�dasagegmad da gansaxorcieleblad. im SemTxveva� da gansaxorcieleblad. im SemTxveva�da gansaxorcieleblad. im SemTxveva� gansaxorcieleblad. im SemTxveva�gansaxorcieleblad. im SemTxveva� im SemTxveva�im SemTxveva� SemTxveva�SemTxveva�

Si, Tu policiuri specoperacia dasrulda msxverpliT, yvelaferi

3 ix. sqolio 1. 4 18.01.1978 gadawyvetileba, seria a, tomi 25, muxli 161.5 27.09.1995 gadawyvetileba, seria a, tomi 324.

148

iens maier-ladevigi

zustad dagegmili unda iyos da kontrols eqvemdebarebodes, raTa

maqsimalurad Tavidan iqnes acilebuli Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver� Tavidan iqnes acilebuli Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver�Tavidan iqnes acilebuli Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver� iqnes acilebuli Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver�iqnes acilebuli Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver� acilebuli Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver�acilebuli Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver� Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver�Zalis gamoyenebisas msxver� gamoyenebisas msxver�gamoyenebisas msxver� msxver�msxver�

pli. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom kidev araerTxel

gausva xazi am garemoebas aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo� xazi am garemoebas aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo�xazi am garemoebas aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo� am garemoebas aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo�am garemoebas aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo� garemoebas aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo�garemoebas aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo� aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo�aseve Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo� Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo�Turqul da rusul saqmeebze msjelo� da rusul saqmeebze msjelo�da rusul saqmeebze msjelo� rusul saqmeebze msjelo�rusul saqmeebze msjelo� saqmeebze msjelo�saqmeebze msjelo� msjelo�msjelo�

bisas.

4. Turquli saqmeebi

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom zemoT aRniSnuli sa� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom zemoT aRniSnuli sa�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom zemoT aRniSnuli sa� evropulma sasamarTlom zemoT aRniSnuli sa�evropulma sasamarTlom zemoT aRniSnuli sa� zemoT aRniSnuli sa�zemoT aRniSnuli sa� aRniSnuli sa�aRniSnuli sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo praqtika mraval SemTxvevaSi ganaviTara, magaliTad, Turqe� praqtika mraval SemTxvevaSi ganaviTara, magaliTad, Turqe�praqtika mraval SemTxvevaSi ganaviTara, magaliTad, Turqe� mraval SemTxvevaSi ganaviTara, magaliTad, Turqe�mraval SemTxvevaSi ganaviTara, magaliTad, Turqe� SemTxvevaSi ganaviTara, magaliTad, Turqe�SemTxvevaSi ganaviTara, magaliTad, Turqe� magaliTad, Turqe�magaliTad, Turqe� Turqe�Turqe�

Tis SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT� SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT�SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT� Zalebisa da Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT�Zalebisa da Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT� da Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT�da Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT� Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT�Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebT� struqturebis specoperaciebT�struqturebis specoperaciebT� specoperaciebT�specoperaciebT�

an mimarTebiT qurTi separatistebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi TurqeTis

samxreT�aRmosavleTiT, aseve policiis mxridan wamebisa da sikvdilis

faqtebis SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma

sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebebSi xazi gausva adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis me�2 da me�3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle� me�2 da me�3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle�me�2 da me�3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle��2 da me�3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle�da me�3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle� me�3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle�me�3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle��3 muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle�muxlebis did mniSvnelobas, romle� did mniSvnelobas, romle�did mniSvnelobas, romle� mniSvnelobas, romle�mniSvnelobas, romle� romle�romle�

bic uzrunvelyofs demokratiuli sazogadoebis ZiriTad faseulobebs.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom zustad unda ganmartos da

safuZvlianad Seamowmos is winapirobebi, romelTa safuZvelzec moxda

Zalis gamoyeneba da dadga sasikvdilo Sedegi. amas garda, me�2 da me�3

muxlebi unda ganimartos da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku� unda ganimartos da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku�unda ganimartos da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku� ganimartos da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku�ganimartos da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku� da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku�da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku� gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku�gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku� iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku�iqnes imgvarad, rom praqtiku� imgvarad, rom praqtiku�imgvarad, rom praqtiku� rom praqtiku�rom praqtiku� praqtiku�praqtiku�

li da qmediTi iyos garantiebi.6 qvemoT ganxilulia ramdenime ZiriTadi

aspeqti Turquli saqmeebis sasamarTlo praqtikidan.

4.1. msxverplad aRiareba (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

konvenciis 34-e muxli)

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom warmoebaSi miiRo da ga�

nixila mokluli da nawamebi pirebis naTesavTa da ojaxis wevrTa saCivre�

bi. konkretuli saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT, sasamarTlom

dazaralebulTa naTesavebic, Tavadac motacebisa Tu mkvlelobis msx�

verplni, dazaralebulebad miiCnia (konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRveva).

6 magaliTad, 14.12.2000 gadawyvetileba, 22676/93, # 76 _ giuli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg.

149


4.2. gasaCivrebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi

SesaZleblobebis amowurvis principi (adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis 35-e muxlis 1-li punqti)

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerT saqmeze _

daekmayofilebina TurqeTis xelisuflebis Sesagebeli _ Tqva uari,

TiTqosda dainteresebul pirebs amowuruli ar hqonodaT gasaCivrebis

Turquli samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli SesaZleblobebi.7 gasaCivrebis

administraciulsamarTlebrivi SesaZleblobebi zianis anazRaurebis

moTxovniT ar ganixileba gasaCivrebis amowurvad SesaZleblobad, ada�

mianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li punqtis Ses�35�e muxlis 1�li punqtis Ses� muxlis 1�li punqtis Ses�1�li punqtis Ses� punqtis Ses�

abamisad, radgan es iluziurs gaxdida saxelmwifos valdebulebas, ga�

naxorcielos qmediTi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi pasuxismgebeli pirebis

gamosavlenad. xSirad sakmarisad qmediTad ar miiCneva aseve gancxadeba

sisxlis samarTlis mosalodneli danaSaulis Sesaxeb, radgan amis Sede�

gad ar tardeba namdvili sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi. Tumca, imavdroulad,

es sakiTxi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze Se�

fasebasa da gasamarTlebasTan (gamoZiebis valdebulebis Sesruleba).

igive exeba aseve zianis anazRaurebis samoqalaqosamarTlebriv moTxov�samoqalaqosamarTlebriv moTxov� moTxov�

nasac.

4.3. saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgena

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkice� uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkice�uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkice� evropuli sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkice�evropuli sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkice� aRniSnavs, rom mtkice�aRniSnavs, rom mtkice� rom mtkice�rom mtkice� mtkice�mtkice�

bulebebis Segroveba SesaZlebelia aseve samxilebisa da varaudis meSve� Segroveba SesaZlebelia aseve samxilebisa da varaudis meSve�Segroveba SesaZlebelia aseve samxilebisa da varaudis meSve� SesaZlebelia aseve samxilebisa da varaudis meSve�SesaZlebelia aseve samxilebisa da varaudis meSve� aseve samxilebisa da varaudis meSve�aseve samxilebisa da varaudis meSve� samxilebisa da varaudis meSve�samxilebisa da varaudis meSve� da varaudis meSve�da varaudis meSve� varaudis meSve�varaudis meSve� meSve�meSve�

obiT, ise, rom ar darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo� ise, rom ar darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo�ise, rom ar darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo� rom ar darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo�rom ar darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo� ar darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo�ar darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo� darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo�darCes dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo� dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo�dasabuTebuli eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo� eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo�eWvis safuZveli. igive wesi mo� safuZveli. igive wesi mo�safuZveli. igive wesi mo� igive wesi mo�igive wesi mo� wesi mo�wesi mo� mo�mo�

qmedebs, rodesac faqtobrivi garemoebebi mTlianad an metwilad cno� rodesac faqtobrivi garemoebebi mTlianad an metwilad cno�rodesac faqtobrivi garemoebebi mTlianad an metwilad cno� faqtobrivi garemoebebi mTlianad an metwilad cno�faqtobrivi garemoebebi mTlianad an metwilad cno� garemoebebi mTlianad an metwilad cno�garemoebebi mTlianad an metwilad cno� mTlianad an metwilad cno�mTlianad an metwilad cno� an metwilad cno�an metwilad cno� metwilad cno�metwilad cno� cno�cno�

bilia mxolod kompetenturi organoebisaTvis, magaliTad, Zaladobis

faqtebi konkretuli pirebis mimarT saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax� konkretuli pirebis mimarT saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax�konkretuli pirebis mimarT saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax� pirebis mimarT saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax�pirebis mimarT saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax� mimarT saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax�mimarT saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax� saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax�saxelmwifo organoebSi. piris sax� organoebSi. piris sax�organoebSi. piris sax� piris sax�piris sax� sax�sax�

elmwifo organoSi dazianebisa Tu gardacvalebis SemTxvevebis mimarT

adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos aqvs praqtika, romelic

efuZneba faqtebis prezumfcias, razec pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm� faqtebis prezumfcias, razec pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm�faqtebis prezumfcias, razec pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm� prezumfcias, razec pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm�prezumfcias, razec pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm�, razec pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm�razec pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm� pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm�pasuxismgebelia Tavad saxelm� Tavad saxelm�Tavad saxelm� saxelm�saxelm�

7 magaliTad, giulis saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba, ix. sqolio 6, #57, 02.09.1998 gadaw�yvetileba, raporti 1998�V�, gv. 2454 #74 _ iasa TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 18.07.2000 gadaw�yvetileba, 25625/94, #57 da Semdgomi _ ekinji TurqeTis winaaRmdeg.

150

iens maier-ladevigi

wifo. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen� im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen�im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen� SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen�SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen� Tu pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen�Tu pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen� pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen�pirs saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen� saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen�saxelmwifos mier dakavebisas ar aRen� mier dakavebisas ar aRen�mier dakavebisas ar aRen� dakavebisas ar aRen�dakavebisas ar aRen� ar aRen�ar aRen� aRen�aRen�

iSneboda sxeulis aranairi dazianeba, xolo gaTavisuflebisas aSkarad

SeimCneva dazianebis kvali, saxelmwifo organoebi valdebulni arian,

gaakeTon zusti da damajerebeli ganmartebebi.8 adamianis uflebaTa ev�adamianis uflebaTa ev� uflebaTa ev�uflebaTa ev� ev�ev�

ropul sasamarTlos araerTxel ganumartavs, rom mas ar surs ama Tu im

saxelmwifo sasamarTlos mier dadgenili faqtebis Canacvleba sakuTari

mosazrebebiT, Tumca, imavdroulad, is ar aris SeboWili saxelmwifo

sasamarTloebis mier dadgenili faqtebiT.9

4.4. saxelmwifos Tanamonawileobis valdebuleba

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom aRiara momCivanTa

garkveuli sirTuleebi faqtobrivi garemoebebis damtkicebasTan dakav� sirTuleebi faqtobrivi garemoebebis damtkicebasTan dakav�sirTuleebi faqtobrivi garemoebebis damtkicebasTan dakav� faqtobrivi garemoebebis damtkicebasTan dakav�faqtobrivi garemoebebis damtkicebasTan dakav� garemoebebis damtkicebasTan dakav�garemoebebis damtkicebasTan dakav� damtkicebasTan dakav�damtkicebasTan dakav� dakav�dakav�

SirebiT da Sesabamisi daskvnebic gaakeTa. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlos praqtika efuZneba princips, rom dazaralebulma Tavadve

unda amtkicos adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis darRvevis

faqti. Tumca adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikaSi es

principi SeuzRudavad ar moqmedebs. am konteqstSi adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlo xSirad miuTiTebs Tanamonawileobis valdebule� sasamarTlo xSirad miuTiTebs Tanamonawileobis valdebule�sasamarTlo xSirad miuTiTebs Tanamonawileobis valdebule� xSirad miuTiTebs Tanamonawileobis valdebule�xSirad miuTiTebs Tanamonawileobis valdebule� miuTiTebs Tanamonawileobis valdebule�miuTiTebs Tanamonawileobis valdebule� Tanamonawileobis valdebule�Tanamonawileobis valdebule� valdebule�valdebule�

baze saxelmwifos, romelic, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis

34�e muxlis Sesabamisad, valdebulia, xeli Seuwyos saCivris gonivrul

da namdvil Semowmebas. rodesac saqme exeba saxelmwifo mosamsaxureTa

moqmedebebs, xSir SemTxvevaSi mxolod saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv� xSir SemTxvevaSi mxolod saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv�xSir SemTxvevaSi mxolod saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv� SemTxvevaSi mxolod saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv�SemTxvevaSi mxolod saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv� mxolod saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv�mxolod saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv� saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv�saxelmwifosaTvisaa xelmisawv� xelmisawv�xelmisawv�

domi saWiro informacia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelmwifo ar warudgens

adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos yvela saWiro informacias,

saqmesa Tu dokuments (xolo warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi valdebulia,

daasabuTos sakuTari moqmedeba), an kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed� sakuTari moqmedeba), an kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed�sakuTari moqmedeba), an kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed� moqmedeba), an kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed�moqmedeba), an kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed� an kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed�an kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed� kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed�kidev romelime warmoebis dros Sed� romelime warmoebis dros Sed�romelime warmoebis dros Sed� warmoebis dros Sed�warmoebis dros Sed� dros Sed�dros Sed� Sed�Sed�

genil eqspertizis daskvnas, SesaZloa, adamianis uflebaTa evropulma

sasamarTlom gaakeTos Sesabamisi daskvnebi mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis

WrilSi da sakuTari gadawyvetileba daafuZnos mxolod dazaralebuli

piris axsna�ganmartebebsa da Cvenebaze. calkeul SemTxvevaSi adamianis

8 27.06.2000 gadawyvetileba, 21986/93, raporti 2000�V�� # 100 _ salmani TurqeTis winaaR�mdeg; 13.06.2000 gadawyvetileba, 23531/94, raporti 2000�V� #82 _ Timurtasi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg.

9 27.07.2004 gadawyvetileba, 26144/95, #60, ikinjisoi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg.

151


uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom damoukideblad daadgina adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis 38�e muxlis 1�li punqtis a qvepunqtis

darRvevis faqtebi.10

4.5. piris sikvdilis faqtis dadgena

calkeul SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd� SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd�SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd� SeiZleba saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd�SeiZleba saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd� saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd�saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd� faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd�faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrd� garemoebebze dayrd�garemoebebze dayrd� dayrd�dayrd�

nobiT gakeTdes daskvna piris gardacvalebis faqtze. im SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac piri daakaves Zalovanma struqturebma da ar gaaTavisufles

sxva pirebTan erTad, SeiZleba dasabuTebuli varaudi imisa, rom es piri

gardaicvala patimrobaSi yofnisas. es wesi moqmedebs gansakuTrebiT im

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac: dapatimrebam safrTxe Seuqmna piris sicocxles,

Zalovan struqturebs ara aqvT am piris dakavebis amsaxveli kadrebi da

wlebis manZilze aravis araferi smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� manZilze aravis araferi smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle�manZilze aravis araferi smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� aravis araferi smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle�aravis araferi smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� araferi smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle�araferi smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle�smenia am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle�am piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle�piris Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle�Sesaxeb. adamianis ufle� adamianis ufle�adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropul sasamarTlos araerTxel aRuniSnavs Turqul saqmeebze

msjelobisas, rom samxreT�aRmosavleT TurqeTSi saproceso normebis

darRveviT ganxorcielebuli dakavebebi sicocxlisaTvis saSiS situacias

ukavSirdeba.11 analogiurad wyvetda adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa�analogiurad wyvetda adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa� wyvetda adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa�wyvetda adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa� uflebaTa evropuli sa�uflebaTa evropuli sa� evropuli sa�evropuli sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo rusul saqmeebsac CeCneTTan mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode� rusul saqmeebsac CeCneTTan mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode�rusul saqmeebsac CeCneTTan mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode� saqmeebsac CeCneTTan mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode�saqmeebsac CeCneTTan mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode� CeCneTTan mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode�CeCneTTan mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode� mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode�mimarTebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rode� im SemTxvevaSi, rode�im SemTxvevaSi, rode� SemTxvevaSi, rode�SemTxvevaSi, rode� rode�rode�

sac saxelmwifo arasakmaris axsna�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle� saxelmwifo arasakmaris axsna�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle�saxelmwifo arasakmaris axsna�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle� arasakmaris axsna�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle�arasakmaris axsna�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle� axsna�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle�axsna�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle��ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle�ganmartebebs iZleva, adamianis ufle� iZleva, adamianis ufle�iZleva, adamianis ufle� adamianis ufle�adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropuli sasamarTlo adgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� evropuli sasamarTlo adgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven�evropuli sasamarTlo adgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� sasamarTlo adgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven�sasamarTlo adgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� adgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven�adgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� uflebaTa evropuli konven�uflebaTa evropuli konven� evropuli konven�evropuli konven�

ciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqts.12 igive wesi vrceldeba gansakuTrebiT

dakavebis an dapatimrebis arasakmarisad amsaxveli kadrebis arsebobazec.

4.6. dacvis valdebuleba

Zalis gamoyeneba unda iyos Tanazomieri da gardauvali aucilebloba,

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxlis me�2 punqtis

miznebis Sesabamisad, sadac msgavs SemTxvevebSi, ZiriTadad, saubaria

„piris dacvaze kanonsawinaaRmdego, marTlsawinaaRmdego Zalis gamoy� dacvaze kanonsawinaaRmdego, marTlsawinaaRmdego Zalis gamoy�dacvaze kanonsawinaaRmdego, marTlsawinaaRmdego Zalis gamoy� kanonsawinaaRmdego, marTlsawinaaRmdego Zalis gamoy�kanonsawinaaRmdego, marTlsawinaaRmdego Zalis gamoy�, marTlsawinaaRmdego Zalis gamoy�marTlsawinaaRmdego Zalis gamoy� Zalis gamoy�Zalis gamoy� gamoy�gamoy�

10 magaliTad, gadawyvetileba Timurtasis saqmeze _ sqolio 8 66. 11 magaliTad, gadawyvetileba ikinjisois saqmeze _ sqolio 9 #71, 27.02.2001 gadawyvetile�

ba, 25704/94, #146 _ jijeki TurqeTis winaaRmdeg. 12 magaliTad, gadawyvetilebebi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg Timurtasis saqmeze, sqolio 8 # 82,

jijekis saqmeze, sqolio 11, #146, tasis saqmeze _ 14.11.2000 gadawyvetileba, 24396/94, #63, aqdenizis saqmeze, 31.05.2001, 23954/94, #54 da Semdgomi.

152

iens maier-ladevigi

enebisgan“ an „piris marTlzomier dakavebaze“. es winapirobebi SeiZleba

ar iqnes dakmayofilebuli im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Zalovani struqturebis

specoperaciebis dros daSvebul iqna Secdomebi. amitomac adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo am konteqstSi eyrdnoba britanul

saqmeebze Camoyalibebul sasamarTlo praqtikas.13 oguris saqmeze ada�saqmeze ada� ada�ada�

mianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom gaakeTa ganmarteba makkeinis

saqmeze14 miTiTebiT, rom Semowmebisas mTliani konteqsti unda iqnes

gaTvaliswinebuli, specoperaciis momzadebisa da kontrolis CaTvliT.

4.7. sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis valdebuleba

udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifos mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor� mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifos mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor�mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifos mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor� aqvs saxelmwifos mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor�aqvs saxelmwifos mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor� saxelmwifos mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor�saxelmwifos mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor� mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor�mxridan gamoZiebis ganxor� gamoZiebis ganxor�gamoZiebis ganxor� ganxor�ganxor�

cielebis valdebulebas, romelic Camoyalibda adamianis uflebaTa ev� valdebulebas, romelic Camoyalibda adamianis uflebaTa ev�valdebulebas, romelic Camoyalibda adamianis uflebaTa ev� romelic Camoyalibda adamianis uflebaTa ev�romelic Camoyalibda adamianis uflebaTa ev� Camoyalibda adamianis uflebaTa ev�Camoyalibda adamianis uflebaTa ev� adamianis uflebaTa ev�adamianis uflebaTa ev� uflebaTa ev�uflebaTa ev� ev�ev�

ropuli sasamarTlos praqtikidan, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon� praqtikidan, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon�praqtikidan, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon� uflebaTa evropuli kon�uflebaTa evropuli kon� evropuli kon�evropuli kon� kon�kon�

venciis me�2 da me�3 muxlebis Sesabamisad. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlo daeyrdno Semdeg mosazrebas: konvenciis me�2 da me�3 muxlebi

gansazRvravs ara mxolod uaryofiT valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal� ara mxolod uaryofiT valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal�ara mxolod uaryofiT valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal� mxolod uaryofiT valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal�mxolod uaryofiT valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal� uaryofiT valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal�uaryofiT valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal� valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal�valdebulebebs, rogorebicaa, magal� rogorebicaa, magal�rogorebicaa, magal� magal�magal�

iTad, sicocxlis kanonsawinaaRmdego xelyofa da wamebis akrZalva, aramed

dadebiT valdebulebebsac. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom

gamoiyena es principebi araerT Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo� es principebi araerT Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo�es principebi araerT Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo� principebi araerT Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo�principebi araerT Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo� araerT Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo�araerT Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo� Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo�Turqul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo� saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo�saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamo� gadawyvetilebis gamo�gadawyvetilebis gamo� gamo�gamo�

tanisas. saxelmwifo valdebulia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� saxelmwifo valdebulia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven�saxelmwifo valdebulia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� valdebulia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven�valdebulia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven� uflebaTa evropuli konven�uflebaTa evropuli konven� evropuli konven�evropuli konven�

ciis me�2 muxlis Tanaxmad, erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle� me�2 muxlis Tanaxmad, erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle�me�2 muxlis Tanaxmad, erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle��2 muxlis Tanaxmad, erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle�muxlis Tanaxmad, erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle� Tanaxmad, erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle�Tanaxmad, erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle� erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle�erTmniSvnelovnad daicvas sicocxlis ufle� sicocxlis ufle�sicocxlis ufle� ufle�ufle�

ba, maSin, roca adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo miuTiTebs

saxelmwifos mxolod zogad valdebulebaze (adamianis uflebaTa evro� mxolod zogad valdebulebaze (adamianis uflebaTa evro�mxolod zogad valdebulebaze (adamianis uflebaTa evro� zogad valdebulebaze (adamianis uflebaTa evro�zogad valdebulebaze (adamianis uflebaTa evro� valdebulebaze (adamianis uflebaTa evro�valdebulebaze (adamianis uflebaTa evro� (adamianis uflebaTa evro�(adamianis uflebaTa evro� uflebaTa evro�uflebaTa evro� evro�evro�

puli konvenciis 1�li muxli), „uzrunvelyos yvela im piris konvenciis

1�li TaviT garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy�li TaviT garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy� TaviT garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy�TaviT garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy� garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy�garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy� uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy�uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy� da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy�da Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy� Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy�Tavisuflebebi, romlebic imy�, romlebic imy�romlebic imy� imy�imy�

ofebian misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel� misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel�misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel� iurisdiqciis farglebSi“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel�iurisdiqciis farglebSi“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel� farglebSi“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel�farglebSi“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel�“. es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel�es wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel� wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel�wesi gansakuTrebiT vrcel� gansakuTrebiT vrcel�gansakuTrebiT vrcel� vrcel�vrcel�

deba sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis swrafad da namdvilad ganxorcielebis

valdebulebaze, rodesac Zalis gamoyenebas (gansakuTrebiT, saxelmwifo

mosamsaxuris mxridan) mohyva adamianis sikvdilis faqtebi. saxelmwifom

unda ganaxorcielos aseTi sagmoZiebo moqmedebebi sakuTari iniciativiT,

damoukidebeli organoebis meSveobiT, da maT Sedegad unda gamovlindnen

13 gadawyvetilebebi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg aqdenizis saqmeze _ sqolio 12; giulis saqmeze _ sqolio 6, #84, oguris saqmeze, 20.05.1999 gadawyvetileba, 21594/93, raporti 1999��, #84.

14 ix. sqolio 5, #78.

153


da daisajon qmedebebze pasuxismgebeli pirebi.15 Zalian maRalia moTxovne�Zalian maRalia moTxovne� maRalia moTxovne�maRalia moTxovne� moTxovne�moTxovne�

bi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal� sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal�sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal� moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal�moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal� Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal�Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal� Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal�Sesaxeb, rac amomwuravad Camoayal� rac amomwuravad Camoayal�rac amomwuravad Camoayal� amomwuravad Camoayal�amomwuravad Camoayal� Camoayal�Camoayal�

iba adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq� adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq�adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq� evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq�evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq� sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq�sasamarTlom Tavis sasamarTlo praq� Tavis sasamarTlo praq�Tavis sasamarTlo praq� sasamarTlo praq�sasamarTlo praq� praq�praq�

tikaSi. magaliTad, dagvianebiT dawyebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan� magaliTad, dagvianebiT dawyebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan�magaliTad, dagvianebiT dawyebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan� dagvianebiT dawyebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan�dagvianebiT dawyebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan� dawyebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan�dawyebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan� sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan�sagamoZiebo moqmedebebiT gan� moqmedebebiT gan�moqmedebebiT gan�

pirobebuli Secdoma, mtkicebulebiT uzrunvelyofisagan Tavis Sekaveba,

dazaralebulis arasakmarisi monawileoba iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa ev� arasakmarisi monawileoba iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa ev�arasakmarisi monawileoba iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa ev� monawileoba iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa ev�monawileoba iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa ev� iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa ev�iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa ev� adamianis uflebaTa ev�adamianis uflebaTa ev� uflebaTa ev�uflebaTa ev� ev�ev�

ropuli konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevas. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlo sakuTari praqtikis mixedviT axdens reagirebas saxelmwifo

organoebis mxridan arasakmarisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm� mxridan arasakmarisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm�mxridan arasakmarisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm� arasakmarisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm�arasakmarisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm� sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm�sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm� moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm�moqmedebebis Sedegad Seqm� Sedegad Seqm�Sedegad Seqm� Seqm�Seqm�

nil situaciaze da naklovanebaTa SefasebiT gamoavlens adamianis ufle� situaciaze da naklovanebaTa SefasebiT gamoavlens adamianis ufle�situaciaze da naklovanebaTa SefasebiT gamoavlens adamianis ufle� da naklovanebaTa SefasebiT gamoavlens adamianis ufle�da naklovanebaTa SefasebiT gamoavlens adamianis ufle� naklovanebaTa SefasebiT gamoavlens adamianis ufle�naklovanebaTa SefasebiT gamoavlens adamianis ufle� adamianis ufle�adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropuli konvenciis materialuri normebis darRvevis faqtebs.

4.8. konvenciis calkeuli muxlebis darRvevis faqtebi

sasamarTlo praqtika Turquli saqmeebis ganxilviT cxadyofs, rom Za� praqtika Turquli saqmeebis ganxilviT cxadyofs, rom Za�praqtika Turquli saqmeebis ganxilviT cxadyofs, rom Za� Turquli saqmeebis ganxilviT cxadyofs, rom Za�Turquli saqmeebis ganxilviT cxadyofs, rom Za� saqmeebis ganxilviT cxadyofs, rom Za�saqmeebis ganxilviT cxadyofs, rom Za� rom Za�rom Za� Za�Za�

lian bevr SemTxvevaSi saubaria adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis

me�2 da me�3 muxlebis, aseve me�5, me�13, 34�e da 38�e muxlebis darRvevaze.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom aseve gamoavlina araerT

SemTxvevaSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�10 muxlis dar� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�10 muxlis dar�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�10 muxlis dar� uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�10 muxlis dar�uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�10 muxlis dar� evropuli konvenciis me�10 muxlis dar�evropuli konvenciis me�10 muxlis dar� me�10 muxlis dar�me�10 muxlis dar��10 muxlis dar�muxlis dar� dar�dar�

Rvevis faqtebi, rodesac momCivani gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur� faqtebi, rodesac momCivani gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur�faqtebi, rodesac momCivani gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur� rodesac momCivani gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur�rodesac momCivani gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur� momCivani gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur�momCivani gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur� gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur�gasamarTlebul iqna TurqeTis qur� iqna TurqeTis qur�iqna TurqeTis qur� TurqeTis qur�TurqeTis qur� qur�qur�

Tuli politikisadmi gamoTqmuli kritikuli gamonaTqvamebis gamo.16

5. rusuli saqmeebi (CeCneTi)

5.1. samarTalwarmoebis saxe

momCivani xSirad asaCivrebs zustad an miaxloebiT momxdar qmede�

bebs.17 RamiT, xandaxan dRisiT, formiani da nawilobrivniRbiani,

15 TurqeTis winaaRmdeg miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi _ iasas saqmeze _ sqolio 7, #28, oguris saqmeze _ sqolio 13, #88.

16 magaliTad, 10.02.2009 gadawyvetileba, 27690/03 _ guglu TurqeTis winaaRmdeg.17 Seadare bevr saqmeze ukanaskneli periodis gadawyvetileba _ 22.01.2009, 27183/03 _ zaur�

bekova ruseTis winaaRmdeg, aseve 09.04.2009 gadawyvetileba, 16629/05 _ dokaievi ruseTis winaaRmdeg, 09.04.2009 gadawyvetileba, 27244/03 _ malsagova da sxvani ruseTis winaaRm�deg, aseve 02.04.2009 gadawyvetileba, 6704/03 dokuevi ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

154

iens maier-ladevigi

rusulad uaqcentod molaparake, avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRiT

aRWurvili mamakacebi iWrebian CeCeni macxovreblebis saxlebSi. isini,

romlebic sargebloben SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq�

turebis unomro an dafarulnomriani avtomanqanebiT, piradobisa da

nebarTvis damadasturebeli dokumentaciis wardgenis gareSe Cxreken

saxls, akontroleben macxovrebelTa sabuTebs, nawilobriv Tan miaqvT

nivTebi da anadgureben uZrav da moZrav qonebas.18 calkeul SemTxvevaSi

isini xocaven moqalaqeebs,19 xSirad ki Tan mihyavT, romelTa Sesaxeb

wlebis ganmavlobaSi aranairi informacia aRar arsebobs (e.w. gauCinare�

buli pirebi), zogjer adamianebs pouloben gardacvlilT,20 zogjer ki

isini uCinardebian sagzao kontrolis dros an Cxrekis sagangebo speco�speco�

peraciisas dakavebis Sedegad.21 umaievas saqmis mixedviT, pirebi daWril

iqnnen groznodan gaqcevis mcdelobisas;22 xatilovas23 saqmidan irkveva,

rom pirebi tyeSi daxvrites; xolo meJidovis24 saqmidan Cans, rom ada�

mianebi daiRupnen soflis saartilerio dacxrilvis dros; albekovisa

da sxvaTa25 saqme ki exeboda mosaxleobis naRmebisagan dacvis uzneo da

dauSvebel RonisZiebebs.

ruseTis xelisufleba ar uaryofs zemoT aRniSnul faqtobriv gare�

moebebs, Tumca imavdroulad acxadebs, rom es aris ara ruseTis Sei�

araRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struqturebis specoperaciebi, ar�

amed araidentificirebad damnaSaveTa danaSaulebrivi qmedebani, sa�

varaudod, gasamxedroebuli dajgufebebis mxridan.26 ojaxis wevrebis

gancxadebebis safuZvelze nawilobriv dawyebul sagamoZiebo moqmedeba�

Ta saqmeebi xSirad wlebis ganmavlobaSi, jer kidev adamianis uflebaTa

18 magaliTad, 04.12.2008 gadawyvetileba, 1895/04 _ iluasova da sxvani ruseTis winaaRmdeg.19 magaliTad, 22.01.2009 gadawyvetileba, 38693/04 _ zambievi da pokaieva ruseTis winaaRmdeg.20 magaliTad, 06.11.2008 gadawyvetileba, 3013/04 _ xajialievi da sxvani ruseTis winaaRmdeg.21 magaliTad, 08.01.2009 gadawyvetileba, 20583/04 _ zakrieva ruseTis winaaRmdeg, 03.07.2008

gadawyvetileba, 12703/02 _ musaeva ruseTis winaaRmdeg.22 04.12.2008 gadawyvetileba, 1200/03.23 05.03.2009 gadawyvetileba, 39166/04.24 25.08.2008 gadawyvetileba, 67326/01.25 09.10.2008 gadawyvetileba, 68216/01.26 magaliTad, mraval saqmeze ruseTis winaaRmdeg miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi: meSaieva

ruseTis winaaRmdeg (11.02.2009 gadawyvetileba, 27248/03), magamadova da iskanova ruse�Tis winaaRmdeg (06.11.2008 gadawyvetileba, 33185/04), ruslan umarovi (03.07.2008 gadaw�yvetileba, 12712/02, #88), atabaieva da sxvani (12.06.2008 gadawyvetileba, 26064/02, #70) da zangarieva da sxvani (29.05.2008 gadawyvetileba, 1839/04, #71).

155


evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebamde, rCeboda warmoebaSi da iyo

seriozuli naklovanebebis mqone.

momCivans xSir SemTxvevaSi warmoadgenen holandiaSi registrirebuli

arasamTavrobo organizaciis _ ruseTis iusticiis iniciativis fondis

advokatebi, aseve organizacia ÈHRAC/MEMORIAL HUMAN RIGHTS~, ro�

melic saqmianobas eweva moskovSi. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom ruseTis wi�

naaRmdeg miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis umetesoba erTxmad iqna miRebuli.

5.2. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi

cxadyofs Semdegs:

a. saCivris dasaSveboba

aa. sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba (kon�

venciis 35�e muxlis me�3 punqti)

ruseTis xelisuflebam braldebebs bevrjer daupirispira Sesage�Sesage�

beli, TiTqosda saCivris wardgenis uflebas borotad iyenebdnen, mas

hqonda mxolod da mxolod politikuri xasiaTi, romlis mizani iyo ru�

seTis dadanaSauleba CeCneTSi adamianis uflebaTa darRvevaSi. adamianis

uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos arasodes gauTvaliswinebia es argu�

menti da yovelTvis miuTiTebda im garemoebaze, rom saCivrebi Seicavda

adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis namdvil faqtebs da arasodes gadahyria

gasaCivrebis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis SemTxvevas.27

bb. individualuri ganacxadi (konvenciis 34�e muxli)

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom nebis� uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom nebis�uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom nebis� evropuli sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom nebis�evropuli sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom nebis� ganmartavs, rom nebis�ganmartavs, rom nebis� rom nebis�rom nebis� nebis�nebis�

mieri dazaralebuli piris ojaxis wevrma SeiZleba gaasaCivros raime

saxis darRveva (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 da me�3

muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli) da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tavadve iqnes

aRiarebuli, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxliT

27 12.02.2009 gadawyvetileba, 20727/04, #54, 55 _ bantaieva da sxvani ruseTis winaaRmdeg, 18.12.2008 gadawyvetileba, 528/04, #69, 70 _ nazuxanova ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

156

iens maier-ladevigi

gaTvaliswinebuli debulebebis Tanaxmad, msxverplad.28 ojaxis wevr�ojaxis wevr� wevr�wevr�

is msxverplad aRiarebis safuZveli xdeba is tkivili da dardi, rac

man ganicada, Tumca yvelaferi damokidebulia konkretul faqtobriv

garemoebebze, gansakuTrebiT ki, ojaxuri urTierTobebis siaxloveze,

aseve imaze, iyo Tu ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� imaze, iyo Tu ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�imaze, iyo Tu ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� iyo Tu ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�iyo Tu ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� Tu ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�Tu ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�ara ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�ojaxis wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�wevri an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�an naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� naTesavi araadamianuri mopy�naTesavi araadamianuri mopy� araadamianuri mopy�araadamianuri mopy� mopy�mopy�

robisa Tu mkvlelobis TviTmxilveli, cdilobda Tu ara ojaxis wevri

Semdgom dakarguli naTesavis Sesaxeb informaciis moZiebasa da rogor

reagirebdnen kompetenturi organoebi amaze. adamianis uflebaTa ev� kompetenturi organoebi amaze. adamianis uflebaTa ev�kompetenturi organoebi amaze. adamianis uflebaTa ev� organoebi amaze. adamianis uflebaTa ev�organoebi amaze. adamianis uflebaTa ev� amaze. adamianis uflebaTa ev�amaze. adamianis uflebaTa ev� adamianis uflebaTa ev�adamianis uflebaTa ev� uflebaTa ev�uflebaTa ev� ev�ev�

ropuli sasamarTlos praqtikiT unda arsebobdes faqtobrivi gare� praqtikiT unda arsebobdes faqtobrivi gare�praqtikiT unda arsebobdes faqtobrivi gare� unda arsebobdes faqtobrivi gare�unda arsebobdes faqtobrivi gare� arsebobdes faqtobrivi gare�arsebobdes faqtobrivi gare� faqtobrivi gare�faqtobrivi gare� gare�gare�

moebebi, romlebic amZafrebs adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebis

saxiT gamoxatul msxverplTa ojaxis wevrebis mier gancdil tkivilsa

da dards,29 dakargul pirebTan mimarTebiT unda arsebobdes dakargvis

mtkicebulebebi, SesaZloa samxilis an Tundac varaudis doneze. Tu es

SeuZlebelia, maSin saxelmwifo organoTa qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede� maSin saxelmwifo organoTa qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede�maSin saxelmwifo organoTa qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede� saxelmwifo organoTa qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede�saxelmwifo organoTa qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede� organoTa qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede�organoTa qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede� qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede�qceva sagamoZiebo moqmede� sagamoZiebo moqmede�sagamoZiebo moqmede� moqmede�moqmede�

bebis dros arasakmarisi argumentia naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr� dros arasakmarisi argumentia naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr�dros arasakmarisi argumentia naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr� arasakmarisi argumentia naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr�arasakmarisi argumentia naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr� argumentia naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr�argumentia naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr� naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr�naTesavis an ojaxis romelime wevr� an ojaxis romelime wevr�an ojaxis romelime wevr� ojaxis romelime wevr�ojaxis romelime wevr� romelime wevr�romelime wevr� wevr�wevr�

is msxverplad saRiareblad.30

gg. samarTlebrivi dacvisa da gasaCivrebis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sa�

Sualebebis amowurva ruseTis federaciaSi (adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li punqti)

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo, rogorc wesi, uaryofs

ruseTis xelisuflebis Sesagebels, TiTqosda konkretul saqmeze ar

amowurula gasaCivrebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwi� gasaCivrebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwi�gasaCivrebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwi� da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwi�da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwi� samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwi�samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwi� dacvis Sidasaxelmwi�dacvis Sidasaxelmwi� Sidasaxelmwi�

foebrivi saSualebebi. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo

asabuTebs sakuTar xedvas Turquli saqmeebis msgavsad. is, rogorc

wesi, aseTi sakiTxebis gadamowmebas ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx� aseTi sakiTxebis gadamowmebas ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx�aseTi sakiTxebis gadamowmebas ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx� sakiTxebis gadamowmebas ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx�sakiTxebis gadamowmebas ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx� gadamowmebas ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx�gadamowmebas ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx� ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx�ukavSirebs saqmis arsebiT ganx� saqmis arsebiT ganx�saqmis arsebiT ganx� arsebiT ganx�arsebiT ganx� ganx�ganx�

ilvas, vinaidan es mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis me�2 da me�13 muxlebis debulebaTa darRvev� me�2 da me�13 muxlebis debulebaTa darRvev�da me�13 muxlebis debulebaTa darRvev� me�13 muxlebis debulebaTa darRvev�muxlebis debulebaTa darRvev� debulebaTa darRvev�debulebaTa darRvev� darRvev�darRvev�

asTan sisxlissamarTlebrivi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisagan Tavis Se� sisxlissamarTlebrivi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisagan Tavis Se�sisxlissamarTlebrivi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisagan Tavis Se� sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisagan Tavis Se�moqmedebebisagan Tavis Se� Tavis Se�Tavis Se� Se�Se�

kavebis gamo.

28 Seadare bantaievas saqmeze miRebul gadawyvetilebas _ sqolio 27, #99.29 magamadovas saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ sqolio 26, #105, 22.01.2009 gadaw�

yvetileba, 27183/03, #96 _ zaurbekova ruseTis winaaRmdeg.30 magaliTad, gadawyvetilebebi zakrievas saqmeze _ sqolio 21, #97, jabrailovas saqmeze,

09.04.2009 gadawyvetileba, 1586/06, #59, 65.

157


adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom kidev erTxel aRniSna,

rom, rusuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT� rusuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT�rusuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT� samarTlis Tanaxmad, arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT�samarTlis Tanaxmad, arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT� Tanaxmad, arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT�Tanaxmad, arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT� arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT�arsebobs gasaCivrebisa da samarT� gasaCivrebisa da samarT�gasaCivrebisa da samarT� da samarT�da samarT� samarT�samarT�

lebrivi dacvis samoqalaqo� da sisxlissamarTlebrivi saSualebebi.

sasamarTlo praqtikis siaxlea, rom ruseTis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ar miiCnevs namdvil gas� uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ar miiCnevs namdvil gas�uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ar miiCnevs namdvil gas� evropuli sasamarTlo ar miiCnevs namdvil gas�evropuli sasamarTlo ar miiCnevs namdvil gas� ar miiCnevs namdvil gas�ar miiCnevs namdvil gas� miiCnevs namdvil gas�miiCnevs namdvil gas� namdvil gas�namdvil gas� gas�gas�

aCivrebad zianis anazRaurebis samoqalaqosamarTlebriv moTxovnebs

adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevasTan mimarTebiT.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos azriT, samoqalaqo saqmeTa

ganmxilveli sasamarTlo ver ganaxorcielebs damoukidebel sagamoZie� sasamarTlo ver ganaxorcielebs damoukidebel sagamoZie�sasamarTlo ver ganaxorcielebs damoukidebel sagamoZie� ver ganaxorcielebs damoukidebel sagamoZie�ver ganaxorcielebs damoukidebel sagamoZie� ganaxorcielebs damoukidebel sagamoZie�ganaxorcielebs damoukidebel sagamoZie� damoukidebel sagamoZie�damoukidebel sagamoZie� sagamoZie�

bo moqmedebebs da ver gamoavlens damnaSaveTa identurobas. amitomac

dainteresebulma pirma ar unda waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure� pirma ar unda waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure�pirma ar unda waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure� ar unda waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure�ar unda waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure� unda waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure�unda waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure� waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure�waradginos sarCeli zianis anazRaure� sarCeli zianis anazRaure�sarCeli zianis anazRaure� zianis anazRaure�zianis anazRaure� anazRaure�anazRaure�

baze strasburgSi saCivris Setanamde.31

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerT gadawyvetileba� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerT gadawyvetileba�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerT gadawyvetileba� evropulma sasamarTlom araerT gadawyvetileba�evropulma sasamarTlom araerT gadawyvetileba� araerT gadawyvetileba�araerT gadawyvetileba� gadawyvetileba�gadawyvetileba�

Si daadgina sisxlissamarTlebriv gasaCivrebasa da samarTlebriv dacv� daadgina sisxlissamarTlebriv gasaCivrebasa da samarTlebriv dacv�daadgina sisxlissamarTlebriv gasaCivrebasa da samarTlebriv dacv� gasaCivrebasa da samarTlebriv dacv�gasaCivrebasa da samarTlebriv dacv� da samarTlebriv dacv�da samarTlebriv dacv� samarTlebriv dacv�samarTlebriv dacv� dacv�dacv�

asTan mimarTebiT, rom maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia� mimarTebiT, rom maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia�mimarTebiT, rom maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia� rom maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia�rom maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia� maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia�maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia� namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia�namdvilobis Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia� Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia�Semowmeba ukavSirdeba adamia� ukavSirdeba adamia�ukavSirdeba adamia� adamia�adamia�

nis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve� uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve�uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve� evropuli konvenciis me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve�evropuli konvenciis me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve� konvenciis me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve�konvenciis me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve� me�2, me�3 da me�13 muxlebis darRve�da me�13 muxlebis darRve� me�13 muxlebis darRve�muxlebis darRve� darRve�darRve�

vaTa Sesaxeb saCivrebs. xSir SemTxvevaSi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentSi jer kidev mid� mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentSi jer kidev mid�mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentSi jer kidev mid� gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentSi jer kidev mid�gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentSi jer kidev mid� gamotanis momentSi jer kidev mid�gamotanis momentSi jer kidev mid� momentSi jer kidev mid�momentSi jer kidev mid� jer kidev mid�jer kidev mid� kidev mid�kidev mid� mid�mid�

ioda winaswari gamoZieba. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom

xazi gausva im garemoebas, rom saCivari dakargul pirebTan mimarTebiT

ver dakmayofildeba, Tu pirma ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten� dakmayofildeba, Tu pirma ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten�dakmayofildeba, Tu pirma ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten� Tu pirma ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten�Tu pirma ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten� pirma ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten�pirma ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten� ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten�ganucxada dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten� dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten�dakavebis Sesaxeb kompeten� Sesaxeb kompeten�Sesaxeb kompeten� kompeten�kompeten�

tur organoebs, xolo maT arasodes uRiarebiaT am piris dapatimreba.

saeWvoa, ramdenad namdvilia saCivari, romlis Sedegadac SesaZlebeli

iqneboda piris gaTavisufleba.32

b. faqtobrivi garemoebebis gamoZieba: mtkicebulebebi

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom sakuTari praqtikidan

gamoimuSava damatebiTi direqtivebi, romlebic misadagebulia rusul

saqmeebs da, gansakuTrebiT, mniSvnelovania dakarguli pirebis gamo

aRZrul saCivrebTan dakavSirebiT;33 adamianis uflebaTa evropulma

31 gadawyvetilebebi bantaievas saqmeze _ sqolio 27, #61 da zakrievas saqmeze _ sqolio 21 #54.32 12.02.2009 gadawyvetileba, 7654/02 #54�58 _ aiubovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg; gadawyvetileba

zakrievas saqmeze _ sqolio 21, #54. 33 bantaievas saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ sqolio 27, #66�78 da zakrievas saqmeze _

sqolio 21, #60 da Semdgomi.

158

iens maier-ladevigi

sasamarTlom kidev da kidev mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu� kidev da kidev mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu�kidev da kidev mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu� da kidev mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu�da kidev mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu� kidev mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu�kidev mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu� mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu�mkacrad gaakritika ruseTis xelisu� gaakritika ruseTis xelisu�gaakritika ruseTis xelisu� ruseTis xelisu�ruseTis xelisu� xelisu�xelisu�

flebis arasakmarisi monawileoba da gaakeTa Sesabamisi daskvnebi (ix.

qvemoT, g. punqti); adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ga� g. punqti); adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ga�punqti); adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ga� adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ga�adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ga� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ga�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ga� evropulma sasamarTlom ga�evropulma sasamarTlom ga� sasamarTlom ga�sasamarTlom ga� ga�ga�

naviTara sasamarTlo praqtika udavo mtkicebulebebTan mimarTebiT

(ix. d. punqti); aseve daukavSira piris gardacvalebis faqtis dadgena

Tavis adrindel sasamarTlo praqtikas (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle� adrindel sasamarTlo praqtikas (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle�adrindel sasamarTlo praqtikas (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle� sasamarTlo praqtikas (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle�sasamarTlo praqtikas (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle� praqtikas (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle�praqtikas (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle� (ix. e. punqti); adamianis ufle�e. punqti); adamianis ufle� adamianis ufle�adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropulma sasamarTlom gaakeTa garkveuli daskvnebi jer kidev

warmoebaSi myofi, aseve ukve gadawyvetili saqmeebis safuZvelze da

xazi gausva CeCneTSi arsebul saerTo mdgomareobas. magaliTad, im

garemoebas, rom jer kidev sakmaod kargadaa cnobili dakargul pirTa

fenomeni; amas garda, man daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx� amas garda, man daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx�amas garda, man daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx� garda, man daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx�garda, man daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx� man daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx�man daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx� daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx�daadgina, rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx� rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx�rom piris dakaveba aris sicocx� piris dakaveba aris sicocx�piris dakaveba aris sicocx� dakaveba aris sicocx�dakaveba aris sicocx� sicocx�sicocx�

lisaTvis saSiSi situacia, SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq� saSiSi situacia, SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq�saSiSi situacia, SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq� situacia, SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq�situacia, SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq� SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq�SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq� Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq�Zalebisa Tu Zalovani struq� Tu Zalovani struq�Tu Zalovani struq� Zalovani struq�Zalovani struq� struq�struq�

turebis araidentificirebadi TanamSromlebis qmedebaTa amsaxveli

kadrebis gareSe.34

g. saxelmwifos Tanamonawileobis valdebuleba

rusul saqmeebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebidan calsaxad gamomdi� saqmeebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebidan calsaxad gamomdi�saqmeebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebidan calsaxad gamomdi� miRebuli gadawyvetilebebidan calsaxad gamomdi�miRebuli gadawyvetilebebidan calsaxad gamomdi� gadawyvetilebebidan calsaxad gamomdi�gadawyvetilebebidan calsaxad gamomdi� calsaxad gamomdi�calsaxad gamomdi� gamomdi�gamomdi�

nareobs, rom ruseTis xelisufleba TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza� rom ruseTis xelisufleba TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza�rom ruseTis xelisufleba TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza� ruseTis xelisufleba TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza�ruseTis xelisufleba TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza� xelisufleba TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza�xelisufleba TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza� TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza�TanamSromlobisaTvis nakleb mza� mza�mza�

dyofnas amJRavnebs. xSir SemTxvevaSi, igi uars ambobs garkveuli saq� xSir SemTxvevaSi, igi uars ambobs garkveuli saq�xSir SemTxvevaSi, igi uars ambobs garkveuli saq� SemTxvevaSi, igi uars ambobs garkveuli saq�SemTxvevaSi, igi uars ambobs garkveuli saq� uars ambobs garkveuli saq�uars ambobs garkveuli saq� ambobs garkveuli saq�ambobs garkveuli saq� garkveuli saq�garkveuli saq� saq�saq�

meebisa da dokumentaciis, gansakuTrebiT ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa� da dokumentaciis, gansakuTrebiT ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa�da dokumentaciis, gansakuTrebiT ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa� dokumentaciis, gansakuTrebiT ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa�dokumentaciis, gansakuTrebiT ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa� gansakuTrebiT ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa�gansakuTrebiT ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa� ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa�ki, winaswari gamoZiebis masa� winaswari gamoZiebis masa�winaswari gamoZiebis masa� gamoZiebis masa�gamoZiebis masa� masa�masa�

lebis wardgenaze, rasac ruseTis kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli

konfidencialobis moTxovnebiT amarTlebs. adamianis uflebaTa evro�moTxovnebiT amarTlebs. adamianis uflebaTa evro� adamianis uflebaTa evro�adamianis uflebaTa evro� uflebaTa evro�uflebaTa evro� evro�evro�

pul sasamarTlos arasodes gauTvaliswinebia ruseTis xelisuflebis

es argumentebi, ris gamoc man mraval SemTxvevaSi daadgina evropuli

konvenciis 38�e muxlis 1�li punqtis a qvepunqtis darRvevis faqtebi.

kerZod, saubaria sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis

valdebulebaze35. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTx� adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTx�adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTx� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTx�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTx� evropulma sasamarTlom araerTx�evropulma sasamarTlom araerTx� sasamarTlom araerTx�sasamarTlom araerTx� araerTx�araerTx�

el gaiTvaliswina swored dainteresebul pirTa axsna�ganmartebani da

gaakeTa saTanado daskvnebi maT sasargeblod, xelisuflebis arasakmari� saTanado daskvnebi maT sasargeblod, xelisuflebis arasakmari�saTanado daskvnebi maT sasargeblod, xelisuflebis arasakmari� daskvnebi maT sasargeblod, xelisuflebis arasakmari�daskvnebi maT sasargeblod, xelisuflebis arasakmari� sasargeblod, xelisuflebis arasakmari�sasargeblod, xelisuflebis arasakmari� xelisuflebis arasakmari�xelisuflebis arasakmari� arasakmari�arasakmari�

34 magaliTad, meSaevas saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ sqolio 26, #104 da aubovis saq�meze _ sqolio 32 #70.

35 gadawyvetilebebi zakrievas saqmeze _ sqolio 21, #63, aubovis saqmeze _ sqolio 32, #109�113 da meSaevas saqmeze _ sqolio 26 #96�106, aseve axmadovasa da sxvaTa saqmeze, 04.12.2008 gadawyvetileba, 3026/03, #123�129.

159


si CarTulobis gamo.36 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosaTvis

sakmarisi ar iyo mxolod imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� ar iyo mxolod imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx�ar iyo mxolod imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� iyo mxolod imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx�iyo mxolod imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� mxolod imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx�mxolod imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx�imis gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx�gacxadeba, rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx�rom damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx�damnaSaveebi iyvnen gasamx� iyvnen gasamx�iyvnen gasamx� gasamx�gasamx�

edroebuli dajgufebis wevrebi.37

d. udavo mtkicebulebebi

SedarebiT axalia aseve sasamarTlo praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se� axalia aseve sasamarTlo praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se�axalia aseve sasamarTlo praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se� aseve sasamarTlo praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se�aseve sasamarTlo praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se� sasamarTlo praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se�sasamarTlo praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se� praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se�praqtika mtkicebis tvirTis Se� mtkicebis tvirTis Se�mtkicebis tvirTis Se� tvirTis Se�tvirTis Se� Se�

brunebasTan/gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac dainteresebulma

pirma moaxerxa udavo mtkicebulebis warmodgena da adamianis uflebaTa

evropulma sasamarTlomac ver SeZlo saTanado daskvnebis gamotana.38

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo yovelTvis iyenebda am mo� uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo yovelTvis iyenebda am mo�uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo yovelTvis iyenebda am mo� evropuli sasamarTlo yovelTvis iyenebda am mo�evropuli sasamarTlo yovelTvis iyenebda am mo� yovelTvis iyenebda am mo�yovelTvis iyenebda am mo� iyenebda am mo�iyenebda am mo� am mo�am mo� mo�mo�

sazrebas mtkicebulebis saxiT, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac damnaSave ru� mtkicebulebis saxiT, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac damnaSave ru�saxiT, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac damnaSave ru� gansakuTrebiT, rodesac damnaSave ru�gansakuTrebiT, rodesac damnaSave ru� rodesac damnaSave ru�rodesac damnaSave ru� damnaSave ru�damnaSave ru� ru�ru�

seTis Zalovani struqturebis warmomadgeneli iyo da ar miekuTvneboda

romelime gasamxedroebul dajgufebas. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlo yovelTvis iTvaliswinebda udavo mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi� yovelTvis iTvaliswinebda udavo mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi�yovelTvis iTvaliswinebda udavo mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi� iTvaliswinebda udavo mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi�iTvaliswinebda udavo mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi� udavo mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi�udavo mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi� mtkicebulebebs, Tu isi�Tu isi� isi�isi�

ni dasturdeboda mowmeTa werilobiTi CvenebebiT, rodesac damnaSave

moqmedebda specoperaciis msgavsad, anu bevri adamianis monawileobiT,

hqonda avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRi, akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru� avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRi, akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru�avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRi, akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru� cecxlsasroli iaraRi, akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru�cecxlsasroli iaraRi, akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru� iaraRi, akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru�iaraRi, akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru� akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru�akontrolebda sabuTebs, ru� sabuTebs, ru�sabuTebs, ru� ru�ru�

sulad saubrobda da akavebda pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� saubrobda da akavebda pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam�saubrobda da akavebda pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� da akavebda pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam�da akavebda pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� akavebda pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam�akavebda pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam�pirebs. is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam�is aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam�aseve iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� iTvaliswinebda, rom dam�iTvaliswinebda, rom dam� rom dam�rom dam� dam�dam�

naSave yovelTvis sargeblobda rusuli samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom� yovelTvis sargeblobda rusuli samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom�yovelTvis sargeblobda rusuli samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom� sargeblobda rusuli samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom�sargeblobda rusuli samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom� rusuli samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom�rusuli samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom� samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom�samxedro avtomanqanebiT, rom� avtomanqanebiT, rom�avtomanqanebiT, rom� rom�rom�

lebic ar hqondaT sxva gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle� ar hqondaT sxva gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle�ar hqondaT sxva gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle� hqondaT sxva gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle�hqondaT sxva gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle� sxva gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle�sxva gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle� gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle�gasamxedroebul dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle� dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle�dajgufebebs. adamianis ufle� adamianis ufle�adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropuli sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom gasamxedroebuli dajgufeba

daubrkoleblad ver gaivlida RamiT ramdenime sakontrolo punqts.

ruseTis xelisufleba valdebuli iyo, ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon� xelisufleba valdebuli iyo, ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon�xelisufleba valdebuli iyo, ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon� valdebuli iyo, ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon�valdebuli iyo, ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon� iyo, ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon�iyo, ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon� ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon�ganemarta, Tu ratom ver Sehqon� Tu ratom ver Sehqon�Tu ratom ver Sehqon� ratom ver Sehqon�ratom ver Sehqon� ver Sehqon�ver Sehqon� Sehqon�Sehqon�

da sicxade adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mier ruseTidan

gamoTxovil dokumentacias, Tu rogor moxda sinamdvileSi yvelaferi.

amdenad, mtkicebis tvirTi gadadis ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte� mtkicebis tvirTi gadadis ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte�mtkicebis tvirTi gadadis ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte� tvirTi gadadis ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte�tvirTi gadadis ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte� gadadis ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte�gadadis ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte� ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte�ruseTis xelisuflebaze. am konte� xelisuflebaze. am konte�xelisuflebaze. am konte� am konte�am konte� konte�konte�

qstSi umniSvnelovanesia, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT� umniSvnelovanesia, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT�umniSvnelovanesia, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT� rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT�rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT� uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT�uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT� evropuli sasamarT�evropuli sasamarT�

36 gadawyvetilebebi aubovis saqmeze _ sqolio 32, #64, bantaevas saqmeze _ sqolio 27, #68, 73 da zakrievas saqmeze _ sqolio 21, #59, 02.04.2009 gadawyvetileba, 6704/03, #105 _ do�kuevisa da sxvaTa saqmeze ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

37 gadawyvetileba bantaevas saqmeze _ sqolio 27, #70 da zambievis saqmeze _ sqolio 19, #53.

38 magaliTad, gadawyvetilebebi meSaevas saqmeze _ sqolio 26, #99�102; aubovis saqmeze _ sqolio 32, #65 da Semdgomi; zakrievas saqmeze _ sqolio 21, #62; bantaevas saqmeze _ sqo�lio 27, #71�78; zaurbekovas saqmeze _ sqolio 29, #70�72 da 09.04.2009 gadawyvetileba, 1586/05, #61 _ jabrailova ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

160

iens maier-ladevigi

lo arasodes iTvaliswinebs ruseTis xelisuflebis pozicias, TiTqos

es SeiZleboda yofiliyo gasamxedroebuli an bandituri dajgufebebi.39

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxezea arasakmarisi samxilebi an mtkicebulebebi, ar

arian piris dakavebis mowmeebi, an Tu urTierTgamomricxavi Cvenebebi

arsebobs, ar kmara mxolod udavo mtkicebulebebi.40

e. sikvdilis faqtis dadgena da masze pasuxismgebeli pirebis gamovlena

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas iRebs

Turquli saqmeebis safuZvelze SemuSavebuli sasamarTlo praqtikidan

gamomdinare. ruseTis xelisuflebam dasabuTebulad unda ganmartos,

Tu ratom hqonda pirs, romelsac dapatimrebisas ar aReniSneboda sxe�aReniSneboda sxe� sxe�

ulis aranairi dazianeba, gaTavisuflebisas sxvadasxva saxis dazianeba,

an ratom gardaicvala is patimrobaSi yofnisas. adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlo maSinac ki akisrebs mtkicebis tvirTs ruseTis

xelisuflebas, rodesac dakavebis faqti moxda ruseTis SeiaraRebuli

Zalebis mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze.41 im SemTxvevaSi, Tu piris

dakaveba moxda aseT teritoriaze da Sesabamis organoebSi ar arsebobs

am piris adgilsamyofelis amsaxveli kadrebi, ojaxis wevrebsa da naTe�adgilsamyofelis amsaxveli kadrebi, ojaxis wevrebsa da naTe� amsaxveli kadrebi, ojaxis wevrebsa da naTe�

savebs didi xnis ganmavlobaSi aRaraferi smeniaT dakarguli pirisagan,

da Tu adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo miuTiTebs aseve, rom

CeCneTis teritoriaze dakaveba sicocxlisaTvis sakmaod saSiSia, radgan

xSiria arasasamarTlo aRsruleba da pirebis dakargva,42 maSin adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo aseT pirs, saqmis konkretuli gare�

moebebis mixedviT, gardacvlilad miiCnevs,

v. dacvis valdebuleba

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo warmatebiT iyenebs

TurqeTis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT SemuSavebul sasamarTlo praqtikas

39 ix. sqolio 37.40 magaliTad, zakrievas saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ sqolio 21.41 zakrievas saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ sqolio 21, #64; 04.12.2008 gadawyvetileba,

14800/04, #89 _ gandaloieva ruseTis winaaRmdeg.42 gadawyvetilebebi zaurbekovas saqmeze _ sqolio 29, #74; aubovis saqmeze _ sqolio 32,

#62, 70 da bantaevas saqmeze _ sqolio 27, #76.

161


ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier CeCneTSi ganxorcielebul samxe�CeCneTSi ganxorcielebul samxe� ganxorcielebul samxe�

dro specoperaciebTan mimarTebiT.

z. sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxorcielebis valdebuleba

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTxel gamoavli� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTxel gamoavli�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom araerTxel gamoavli� evropulma sasamarTlom araerTxel gamoavli�evropulma sasamarTlom araerTxel gamoavli� araerTxel gamoavli�araerTxel gamoavli� gamoavli�gamoavli�

na ruseTis xelisuflebis mxridan sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� ruseTis xelisuflebis mxridan sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�ruseTis xelisuflebis mxridan sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� xelisuflebis mxridan sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�xelisuflebis mxridan sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� mxridan sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�mxridan sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� moqmedebaTa ganxor�moqmedebaTa ganxor� ganxor�ganxor�

cielebis valdebulebis darRvevis faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT, dakargu� valdebulebis darRvevis faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT, dakargu�valdebulebis darRvevis faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT, dakargu� darRvevis faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT, dakargu�darRvevis faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT, dakargu� faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT, dakargu�faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT, dakargu� gansakuTrebiT, dakargu�gansakuTrebiT, dakargu� dakargu�dakargu�

li pirebis saqmeebze. aqedan imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada� pirebis saqmeebze. aqedan imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada�pirebis saqmeebze. aqedan imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada� saqmeebze. aqedan imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada�saqmeebze. aqedan imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada� aqedan imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada�aqedan imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada� imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada�imavdroulad gamomdinareobs, rom ada� gamomdinareobs, rom ada�gamomdinareobs, rom ada� rom ada�rom ada� ada�ada�

mianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo arasodes iziarebs ruseTis

xelisuflebis Sesagebels, TiTqos dainteresebul pirs ar hqondes

amowuruli gasaCivrebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe� gasaCivrebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe�gasaCivrebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe� da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe�da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe� samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe�samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe� dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe�dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoe� Sidasaxelmwifoe�Sidasaxelmwifoe�

brivi saSualebebi (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis 35�e

muxlis 1�li punqti), vinaidan sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi dagvianebiT

an arasakmarisad iqna ganxorcielebuli. adamianis uflebaTa evro� arasakmarisad iqna ganxorcielebuli. adamianis uflebaTa evro�arasakmarisad iqna ganxorcielebuli. adamianis uflebaTa evro� iqna ganxorcielebuli. adamianis uflebaTa evro�iqna ganxorcielebuli. adamianis uflebaTa evro� ganxorcielebuli. adamianis uflebaTa evro�ganxorcielebuli. adamianis uflebaTa evro� adamianis uflebaTa evro�adamianis uflebaTa evro� uflebaTa evro�uflebaTa evro� evro�evro�

puli sasamarTlo zust moTxovnebs ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq� sasamarTlo zust moTxovnebs ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq�sasamarTlo zust moTxovnebs ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq� zust moTxovnebs ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq�zust moTxovnebs ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq� moTxovnebs ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq�moTxovnebs ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq� ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq�ayenebs msgavs sagamoZiebo moq� msgavs sagamoZiebo moq�msgavs sagamoZiebo moq� sagamoZiebo moq�sagamoZiebo moq� moq�moq�

medebebTan mimarTebiT, romelTa dawyebac unda xdebodes sakuTari

iniciativiT da gansakuTrebiT swrafad, raTa moxdes mtkicebulebiT

uzrunvelyofa. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo seriozul

saproceso naklovanebad miiCnevs aseTi moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe� naklovanebad miiCnevs aseTi moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe�naklovanebad miiCnevs aseTi moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe� miiCnevs aseTi moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe�miiCnevs aseTi moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe� aseTi moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe�aseTi moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe� moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe�moqmedebebis dagvianebas mTe� dagvianebas mTe�dagvianebas mTe� mTe�mTe�

li rva dRiT.43

T. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis calkeuli debulebebis da�

rRvevis faqtebi

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom adamianis uflebaTa ev� uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom adamianis uflebaTa ev�uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom adamianis uflebaTa ev� evropulma sasamarTlom adamianis uflebaTa ev�evropulma sasamarTlom adamianis uflebaTa ev� adamianis uflebaTa ev�adamianis uflebaTa ev� uflebaTa ev�uflebaTa ev� ev�ev�

ropuli konvenciis darRvevis araerTi faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi� konvenciis darRvevis araerTi faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi�konvenciis darRvevis araerTi faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi� darRvevis araerTi faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi�darRvevis araerTi faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi� araerTi faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi�araerTi faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi� faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi�faqti gamoavlina ruseTis wi� gamoavlina ruseTis wi�gamoavlina ruseTis wi� wi�wi�

naaRmdeg miRebul mraval gadawyvetilebaSi. erT SemTxvevaSi es iyo

konkretuli piris gardacvalebis faqti, meore SemTxvevaSi ki ruseTis

mier sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganuxorcielebloba. adamianis uflebaTa

evropulma sasamarTlom mravlad gamoavlina adamianis uflebaTa evro� mravlad gamoavlina adamianis uflebaTa evro�mravlad gamoavlina adamianis uflebaTa evro� adamianis uflebaTa evro�adamianis uflebaTa evro� uflebaTa evro�uflebaTa evro� evro�evro�

puli konvenciis me�3 muxlis debulebaTa darRvevis faqti, momCivanTa

Tu maT ojaxis wevrTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami� maT ojaxis wevrTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami�maT ojaxis wevrTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami� ojaxis wevrTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami�ojaxis wevrTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami� wevrTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami�wevrTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami� mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami�mimarT ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami� ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami�ganxorcielebuli wamebisa da araadami� wamebisa da araadami�wamebisa da araadami� da araadami�da araadami� araadami�araadami�

43 magamadovas saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ sqolio 26, #95.

162

iens maier-ladevigi

anuri mopyrobis gamo. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom bevr

saqmeze aRniSna, rom ruseTma daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� aRniSna, rom ruseTma daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�aRniSna, rom ruseTma daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� rom ruseTma daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�rom ruseTma daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� ruseTma daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�ruseTma daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�daarRvia sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor� sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa ganxor�moqmedebaTa ganxor� ganxor�ganxor�

cielebis valdebuleba. amas garda, Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle� valdebuleba. amas garda, Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle�valdebuleba. amas garda, Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle� amas garda, Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle�amas garda, Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle� garda, Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle�garda, Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle� Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle�Zalze xSiri iyo adamianis ufle� xSiri iyo adamianis ufle�xSiri iyo adamianis ufle� ufle�ufle�

baTa evropuli konvenciis me�5 muxlis debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebi,

gansakuTrebiT, dakargul pirebTan mimarTebiT, romelTa dakavebisa da

adgilsamyofelis amsaxveli kadrebic, ubralod, ar arsebobda.44 ada�ada�

mianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis 1�li muxlisa da Tavad konven� damatebiTi oqmis 1�li muxlisa da Tavad konven�damatebiTi oqmis 1�li muxlisa da Tavad konven� oqmis 1�li muxlisa da Tavad konven�oqmis 1�li muxlisa da Tavad konven� 1�li muxlisa da Tavad konven�muxlisa da Tavad konven� da Tavad konven�da Tavad konven� Tavad konven�Tavad konven� konven�konven�

ciis me�8 muxlis debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode� me�8 muxlis debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode�muxlis debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode� debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode�debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode� darRvevis faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode�darRvevis faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode� faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode�faqtebi im SemTxvevaSi, rode� im SemTxvevaSi, rode�im SemTxvevaSi, rode� SemTxvevaSi, rode�SemTxvevaSi, rode� rode�rode�

sac xdeboda samarTlebrivad dausabuTebeli SeWra saxlebsa Tu binebSi

da iq moZravi nivTebis dazianeba an ganadgureba.45 adamianis uflebaTa

evropulma sasamarTlom savaldebulod ar miiCnia adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis me�8 muxlis debulebaTa gadamowmeba _ iyo Tu

ara saxelmwifos mxridan piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis

uflebis darRvevis faqtebi.46 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis

34�e muxlis debulebebi irRveoda im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac ruseTis

kompetenturi organoebi aferxebdnen saCivris Setanasa da sagamoZie� organoebi aferxebdnen saCivris Setanasa da sagamoZie�organoebi aferxebdnen saCivris Setanasa da sagamoZie� aferxebdnen saCivris Setanasa da sagamoZie�aferxebdnen saCivris Setanasa da sagamoZie� saCivris Setanasa da sagamoZie�saCivris Setanasa da sagamoZie� Setanasa da sagamoZie�Setanasa da sagamoZie� da sagamoZie�da sagamoZie� sagamoZie�

bo moqmedebaTa ganxorcielebas. Tumca adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlo adgenda aseT SemTxvevebSi metwilad adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis 38�e muxlis 1�li punqtis a qvepunqtis darRvevis

faqtebs. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo savaldebulod ar

miiCnevda, rogorc wesi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�6

muxlis sagangebo Semowmebas.47

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos statistikiT, sasamarT� uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos statistikiT, sasamarT�uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos statistikiT, sasamarT� evropuli sasamarTlos statistikiT, sasamarT�evropuli sasamarTlos statistikiT, sasamarT� sasamarTlos statistikiT, sasamarT�sasamarTlos statistikiT, sasamarT� statistikiT, sasamarT�statistikiT, sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

lom ruseTis winaaRmdeg miiRo sul 605 gadawyvetileba (01.11.1998�dan

31.12.2008ww.) aramxolod CeCneTis saqmeebze, maT Soris:

52 gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze;

64 gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqtebis sa� gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqtebis sa�gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqtebis sa� konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqtebis sa�konvenciis me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqtebis sa� me�2 muxlis darRvevis faqtebis sa�muxlis darRvevis faqtebis sa� darRvevis faqtebis sa�darRvevis faqtebis sa� faqtebis sa�faqtebis sa� sa�

gamoZiebo moqmedebebisagan Tavis Sekavebisa da arasakmarisad ganxor�moqmedebebisagan Tavis Sekavebisa da arasakmarisad ganxor� Tavis Sekavebisa da arasakmarisad ganxor�Tavis Sekavebisa da arasakmarisad ganxor� Sekavebisa da arasakmarisad ganxor�Sekavebisa da arasakmarisad ganxor� da arasakmarisad ganxor�da arasakmarisad ganxor� arasakmarisad ganxor�arasakmarisad ganxor� ganxor�ganxor�

cielebis gamo;

44 gadawyvetilebebi meSaevas saqmeze _ sqolio 26, #127 da bantaevas saqmeze _ sqolio 27, #107.

45 gadawyvetileba aubovis saqmeze _ sqolio 32, #101�105, 15.11.2007 gadawyvetileba, #72118/01, #140�148 _ xamidovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

46 29.05.2008 gadawyvetileba, 37315/03, #117 _ betaevi da betaeva ruseTis winaaRmdeg. 47 26.06.2008 gadawyvetileba, 6844/02, #139 _ isigova da sxvani ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

163


15 gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis SemTxvevebTan

dakavSirebiT, wamebis faqtebis gamo;

109 gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara�gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara�konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara�muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� darRvevis faqtebze, ara�darRvevis faqtebze, ara� faqtebze, ara�faqtebze, ara� ara�ara�

adamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis gamo;

16 gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara�gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara�konvenciis me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� me�3 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara�muxlis darRvevis faqtebze, ara� darRvevis faqtebze, ara�darRvevis faqtebze, ara� faqtebze, ara�faqtebze, ara� ara�ara�

sakmarisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis gamo;

156 gadawyvetileba konvenciis me�5 muxlis darRvevis faqtebze;

337 gadawyvetileba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dam� gadawyvetileba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dam�gadawyvetileba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dam� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dam�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dam� uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dam�uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dam� evropuli konvenciis dam�evropuli konvenciis dam� dam�dam�

atebiTi oqmis 1�li muxlis debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebze.

i. samarTliani kompensacia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis

41�e muxlis mixedviT

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo yovelTvis akmayofilebs

qonebrivi zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnebs CeCnur saqmeebze, rodesac

saqme exeba konvenciis debulebaTa darRvevis faqtebs saxlebsa Tu

binebSi SeWris Sedegad dazianebul an ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT� SeWris Sedegad dazianebul an ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT�SeWris Sedegad dazianebul an ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT� Sedegad dazianebul an ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT�Sedegad dazianebul an ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT� dazianebul an ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT�dazianebul an ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT� ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT�ganadgurebul moZrav nivTebT� moZrav nivTebT�moZrav nivTebT� nivTebT�nivTebT�

an dakavSirebiT.48 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo awesebs

kompensaciis SedarebiT dabal odenobas araqonebrivi zianis anazRau� SedarebiT dabal odenobas araqonebrivi zianis anazRau�SedarebiT dabal odenobas araqonebrivi zianis anazRau� dabal odenobas araqonebrivi zianis anazRau�dabal odenobas araqonebrivi zianis anazRau� odenobas araqonebrivi zianis anazRau�odenobas araqonebrivi zianis anazRau� araqonebrivi zianis anazRau�zianis anazRau� anazRau�anazRau�

rebis gansazRvrisas. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo adgens

4000049, 5000050 da 6000051 evros odenobis kompensaciebs, rodesac CeC�evros odenobis kompensaciebs, rodesac CeC� odenobis kompensaciebs, rodesac CeC�odenobis kompensaciebs, rodesac CeC� kompensaciebs, rodesac CeC�kompensaciebs, rodesac CeC� rodesac CeC�rodesac CeC� CeC�

nur saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT saubaria adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi dar�saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT saubaria adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi dar� saubaria adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi dar�saubaria adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi dar� adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi dar�adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi dar� uflebaTa uxeSi dar�uflebaTa uxeSi dar� uxeSi dar�uxeSi dar� dar�dar�

Rvevis faqtebze, samoqalaqo pirebis sicocxlis TviTneburi mospobis

faqtebze, aseve orTabrZolisa Tu Setakebis SemTxvevebze. bitaevas

saqmeze52 (ojaxis 4 wevris sicocxlis mospoba) sasamarTlom daawesa

75000 evro, xolo meJidovis saqmeze53 (5 naTesavis sicocxlis mospo�(5 naTesavis sicocxlis mospo� naTesavis sicocxlis mospo�naTesavis sicocxlis mospo� sicocxlis mospo�sicocxlis mospo� mospo�mospo�

ba saartilerio ieriSis Sedegad) _ 100000 evro. dakargul pirebze,

romelTa sikvdilis faqtic dgeboda konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe� sikvdilis faqtic dgeboda konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe�sikvdilis faqtic dgeboda konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe� faqtic dgeboda konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe�faqtic dgeboda konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe� dgeboda konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe�dgeboda konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe� konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe�konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoe� faqtobrivi garemoe�faqtobrivi garemoe� garemoe�garemoe�

48 magaliTad, 157 000 evro xamidovis saqmeze _ sqolio 45.49 04.07.2007 gadawyvetileba, 72118/01 _ alixajieva ruseTis winaaRmdeg, 14.11.2008 gadaw�

yvetileba, 21586/02 _ axmadovi da sxvani ruseTis winaaRmdeg.50 04.10.2007 gadawyvetileba, 58643/00 _ guCaruki ruseTis winaaRmdeg, 04.10.2007 gadaw�

yvetileba, 58701/00 _ maxami ruseTis winaaRmdeg, 06.11.2008 gadawyvetileba, 3013/04 _ xa�jixalievi da sxvani ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

51 29.11.2007 gadawyvetileba, 57935/00 _ tangieva ruseTis winaaRmdeg.52 21.07.2007 gadawyvetileba, 57953/00.53 25.09.2008 gadawyvetileba, 67326/01.

164

iens maier-ladevigi

bebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo awesebs xolme 35 000 evros, rogorc

kompensacias, ojaxis wevrebisaTvis miyenebuli araqonebrivi zianis

anazRaurebis saxiT54.

6. wamebis akrZalvis pirobiToba?

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxli sakmaod mka� uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxli sakmaod mka�uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxli sakmaod mka� evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxli sakmaod mka�evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxli sakmaod mka� me�3 muxli sakmaod mka�muxli sakmaod mka� sakmaod mka�sakmaod mka� mka�mka�

fiodaa Camoyalibebuli da calsaxaa amave konvenciis me�15 muxlTan

mimarTebiT, rom akrZalulia wameba, aseve araadamianuri da damamcire� rom akrZalulia wameba, aseve araadamianuri da damamcire�rom akrZalulia wameba, aseve araadamianuri da damamcire� akrZalulia wameba, aseve araadamianuri da damamcire�akrZalulia wameba, aseve araadamianuri da damamcire� wameba, aseve araadamianuri da damamcire�wameba, aseve araadamianuri da damamcire� aseve araadamianuri da damamcire�aseve araadamianuri da damamcire� araadamianuri da damamcire�araadamianuri da damamcire� da damamcire�da damamcire� damamcire�damamcire�

beli mopyroba, ganurCevlad faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da daintere� mopyroba, ganurCevlad faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da daintere�mopyroba, ganurCevlad faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da daintere� ganurCevlad faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da daintere�ganurCevlad faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da daintere� faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da daintere�faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da daintere� garemoebebisa da daintere�garemoebebisa da daintere� da daintere�da daintere� daintere�daintere�

sebuli piris qcevisa _ amas yovelTvis xazgasmiT aRniSnavs adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxli mainc iZleva

garkveuli msjelobis safuZvels. es exeba sakiTxs, Tu ra igulisxmeba

araadamianur mopyrobaSi. Cven vnaxeT, rom amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi

danergilia dakiTxvis iseTi meTodebi (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve� dakiTxvis iseTi meTodebi (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve�dakiTxvis iseTi meTodebi (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve� iseTi meTodebi (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve�iseTi meTodebi (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve� meTodebi (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve�meTodebi (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve� (wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve�(wyliT wameba), romlebic ueWve� wameba), romlebic ueWve�wameba), romlebic ueWve� romlebic ueWve�romlebic ueWve� ueWve�eWve�

lad wamebad iTvleba evropis qveynebSi. yovelTvis unda wamoiwios

sakiTxi, unda iyos Tu ara dasaSvebi samarTlebrivi sikeTis Sedareba da

Tanazomierebis Semowmeba.

gansakuTrebiT, terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT, SesaZlebelia war� terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT, SesaZlebelia war�terorizmTan brZolis kuTxiT, SesaZlebelia war� brZolis kuTxiT, SesaZlebelia war�brZolis kuTxiT, SesaZlebelia war� kuTxiT, SesaZlebelia war�kuTxiT, SesaZlebelia war� SesaZlebelia war�SesaZlebelia war� war�war�

movidginoT SemTxvevebi, rodesac damnaSavisaTvis cnobilia faqto� SemTxvevebi, rodesac damnaSavisaTvis cnobilia faqto�SemTxvevebi, rodesac damnaSavisaTvis cnobilia faqto� rodesac damnaSavisaTvis cnobilia faqto�rodesac damnaSavisaTvis cnobilia faqto� damnaSavisaTvis cnobilia faqto�damnaSavisaTvis cnobilia faqto� cnobilia faqto�cnobilia faqto� faqto�faqto�

brivi garemoebebi, romlebic safrTxes uqmnis adamianTa sicocxles,

Tumca damnaSave Tavs ikavebs informaciis gacemisagan. es SeiZleba,

magaliTad, iyos dagegmili teraqtebi an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag� iyos dagegmili teraqtebi an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag�iyos dagegmili teraqtebi an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag� dagegmili teraqtebi an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag�dagegmili teraqtebi an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag� teraqtebi an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag�teraqtebi an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag� an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag�an sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag� sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag�sxva saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag� saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag�saxis Tavdasxmebi, mag� Tavdasxmebi, mag�Tavdasxmebi, mag� mag�mag�

aliTad, atomur eleqtrosadgurze, romelTa ganxorcielebamac

SesaZloa imsxverplos an daazaralos mravali adamianis sicocx� imsxverplos an daazaralos mravali adamianis sicocx�imsxverplos an daazaralos mravali adamianis sicocx� an daazaralos mravali adamianis sicocx�an daazaralos mravali adamianis sicocx� daazaralos mravali adamianis sicocx�daazaralos mravali adamianis sicocx� mravali adamianis sicocx�mravali adamianis sicocx� adamianis sicocx�adamianis sicocx� sicocx�sicocx�

le. analogiuri konfliqturi situaciebi SeiZleba warmovidginoT,

rodesac saqme exeba bavSvis sicocxlis dacvas Zaladobis faqtebis

winaaRmdeg. unda gavuTanabroT Tu ara damnaSavis, borotmoqmedis,

Rirseba da adamianis uflebebi wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana� da adamianis uflebebi wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana�da adamianis uflebebi wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana� adamianis uflebebi wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana�adamianis uflebebi wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana� uflebebi wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana�uflebebi wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana� wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana�wamebis dauSveblobaze uamravi udana� dauSveblobaze uamravi udana�dauSveblobaze uamravi udana� uamravi udana�uamravi udana� udana�udana�

Saulo adamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis usafrTxoebas? nuTu

54 Sead. gadawyvetilebebi: 02.10.2008, 38003/03 _ rasaievi da sxvani ruseTis winaaRmdeg, 02.04.2009, 13310/04 _ jabaeva ruseTis winaaRmdeg da 02.10.2008, 12713/02 _ lianova da alieva ruseTis winaaRmdeg.

165


rTulia imis gageba, rom sicocxlis mospoba an mkvleloba dasaSvebia

mxolod da mxolod viwro winapirobebis fonze, rogorc amas gansaz� da mxolod viwro winapirobebis fonze, rogorc amas gansaz�da mxolod viwro winapirobebis fonze, rogorc amas gansaz� mxolod viwro winapirobebis fonze, rogorc amas gansaz�mxolod viwro winapirobebis fonze, rogorc amas gansaz� winapirobebis fonze, rogorc amas gansaz�winapirobebis fonze, rogorc amas gansaz� fonze, rogorc amas gansaz�fonze, rogorc amas gansaz� rogorc amas gansaz�rogorc amas gansaz� amas gansaz�amas gansaz� gansaz�gansaz�

Rvravs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli, gansx� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli, gansx�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli, gansx� uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli, gansx�uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli, gansx� evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli, gansx�evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxli, gansx� me�2 muxli, gansx�muxli, gansx� gansx�gansx�

vavebiT wamebisagan?

germaniaSi moxdarma erTma SemTxvevam Zalian didi aJiotaJi gamoi� erTma SemTxvevam Zalian didi aJiotaJi gamoi�erTma SemTxvevam Zalian didi aJiotaJi gamoi� SemTxvevam Zalian didi aJiotaJi gamoi�SemTxvevam Zalian didi aJiotaJi gamoi� didi aJiotaJi gamoi�didi aJiotaJi gamoi� aJiotaJi gamoi�aJiotaJi gamoi� gamoi�gamoi�

wvia. borotmoqmedma, romelic icnobda erT�erTi mdidari bankiris 11

wlis vaJs mainis frankfurtSi, Seityua is sakuTar binaSi da gaguda.

amis Semdgom man gaugzavna mSoblebs werili, romelSic aRniSnavda,

TiTqos maTi vaJi gatacebuli hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom� maTi vaJi gatacebuli hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom�maTi vaJi gatacebuli hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom� vaJi gatacebuli hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom�vaJi gatacebuli hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom� gatacebuli hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom�gatacebuli hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom� hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom�hyavda ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom� ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom�ramdenime borotmoqmeds, rom� borotmoqmeds, rom�borotmoqmeds, rom� rom�rom�

lebic misgan bavSvis sanacvlod 1 milioni evros gadaxdas iTxovdnen.

damnaSaves dauwesda TvalTvali gamosasyidis gadacemisas da mogvi� dauwesda TvalTvali gamosasyidis gadacemisas da mogvi�dauwesda TvalTvali gamosasyidis gadacemisas da mogvi� TvalTvali gamosasyidis gadacemisas da mogvi�TvalTvali gamosasyidis gadacemisas da mogvi� gamosasyidis gadacemisas da mogvi�gamosasyidis gadacemisas da mogvi� gadacemisas da mogvi�da mogvi� mogvi�mogvi�

anebiT iqna dakavebuli. is acxadebda, TiTqos bavSvi gaitaca sxva orma

borotmoqmedma, romlebic malavdnen mas erT�erT tbasTan mdebare

qoxSi. meore diliT policiis pasuxismgebelma TanamSromelma, mainis

frankfurtis policiis ufrosis moadgilis davalebiT, ganucxada

borotmoqmeds, rom mas sxeulis seriozul dazianebas miayenebdnen

specialurad saamisod momzadebuli pirebi, Tu ar etyoda policias,

sad imyofeboda bavSvi. amis Semdeg borotmoqmedma aRiara danaSauli

da miiyvana policieli bavSvis gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici� miiyvana policieli bavSvis gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici�miiyvana policieli bavSvis gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici� policieli bavSvis gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici�policieli bavSvis gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici� bavSvis gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici�bavSvis gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici� gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici�gvamis adgilsamyofelTan. polici� adgilsamyofelTan. polici�adgilsamyofelTan. polici� polici�polici�

is ufrosis moadgilem Seadgina Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart� ufrosis moadgilem Seadgina Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart�ufrosis moadgilem Seadgina Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart� moadgilem Seadgina Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart�moadgilem Seadgina Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart� Seadgina Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart�Seadgina Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart� Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart�Sesabamisi aqti, romelSic ganmart� aqti, romelSic ganmart�aqti, romelSic ganmart� romelSic ganmart�romelSic ganmart� ganmart�ganmart�

vada, TiTqos, maTi informaciiT, bavSvis sicocxles emuqreboda didi

safrTxe da policieli daemuqra damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS� da policieli daemuqra damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS�da policieli daemuqra damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS� policieli daemuqra damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS�policieli daemuqra damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS� daemuqra damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS�daemuqra damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS� damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS�damnaSaves Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS� Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS�Zalis gamoyenebiT bavS� gamoyenebiT bavS�gamoyenebiT bavS� bavS�bavS�

vis sicocxlis gadasarCenad. borotmoqmedma SemdgomSi ramdenimejer

gaimeora, maT Soris, sasamarTlo proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene� maT Soris, sasamarTlo proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene�maT Soris, sasamarTlo proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene� Soris, sasamarTlo proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene�Soris, sasamarTlo proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene� sasamarTlo proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene�sasamarTlo proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene� proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene�proceszec, Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene� Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene�Tavisi aRiarebiTi Cvene� aRiarebiTi Cvene�Cvene�

ba, Tumca mas araerTxel ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� Tumca mas araerTxel ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi�Tumca mas araerTxel ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� mas araerTxel ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi�mas araerTxel ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� araerTxel ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi�araerTxel ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi�ganemarta, rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi�rom misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi�misi Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� Tavdapirveli aRiarebi�Tavdapirveli aRiarebi� aRiarebi�

Ti Cveneba gaqarwylebadi iyo policielis mxridan Zalis gamoyenebis

muqaris gamo. germanulma sasamarTlom samudamo patimroba miusaja

borotmoqmeds bavSvis gatacebisa da mkvlelobis braldebiT, Tumca

sasamarTlom uari Tqva, Seewyvita sisxlis samarTlis saqme policiis

mimarT, borotmoqmedis dakiTxvisas Zalis gamoyenebiT damuqrebis

gamo. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom policiis mxridan Zalis gamoyenebiT

damuqreba germanuli samarTlis normebis, germaniis konstituciis

debulebebisa da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux� da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux�da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux� uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux�uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux� evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux�evropuli konvenciis me�3 mux� me�3 mux�mux�

lis darRvevaa, dauSvebelia muqaris fonze miRweuli aRiarebiTi

Cvenebis mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba, Tumca sasamarTlom ar gaiTval� mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba, Tumca sasamarTlom ar gaiTval�gamoyeneba, Tumca sasamarTlom ar gaiTval� Tumca sasamarTlom ar gaiTval�Tumca sasamarTlom ar gaiTval� sasamarTlom ar gaiTval�sasamarTlom ar gaiTval� ar gaiTval�ar gaiTval� gaiTval�gaiTval�

166

iens maier-ladevigi

iswina zemoT aRniSnuli darRvevis faqtebi swored borotmoqmedis

mier ganmeorebiTi Cvenebebis micemis gamo. sasamarTlom policiis

TanamSromlebs daakisra fuladi jarimis gadaxda, rogorc pirobiTi

sasjeli. sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom policielebma daarRvies ger� sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom policielebma daarRvies ger�sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom policielebma daarRvies ger� ganmarta, rom policielebma daarRvies ger�ganmarta, rom policielebma daarRvies ger� rom policielebma daarRvies ger�rom policielebma daarRvies ger� policielebma daarRvies ger�policielebma daarRvies ger� daarRvies ger�daarRvies ger� ger�ger�

maniis konstituciiTa da germanuli samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli

normebi wamebisa da sxeulis dazianebis muqaris gamoyenebiT. wamebis

akrZalva absoluturi principia. sasamarTlom gaiTvaliswina, rom

policielebi moqmedebdnen mxolod da mxolod bavSvis interesebidan

gamomdinare. amisaTvis maT aiRes pasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavze da

dokumenturad asaxes aRniSnuli faqtebi, riTac orive policielma

garkveuli problemebi Seuqmna sakuTar karieras.

msjavrdebulma ki samoqalaqo sarCeli aRZra zianis anazRaurebaze.

samarTalwarmoeba jer kidev mimdinareobs.

amas garda, msjavrdebulma saCivari Seitana adamianis uflebaTa ev�

ropul sasamarTloSi da gaasaCivra adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon�

venciis me�3 muxlis debulebaTa darRveva. adamianis uflebaTa evro�

puli sasamarTlos 1�li senatis erT�erTma palatam55 gadawyvetileba

miiRo 2008 wlis 30 ivniss 6 xmiT 1 xmis winaaRmdeg da ganmarta, rom

momCivani dausabuTeblad aRiqvams sakuTar Tavs msxverplad, adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�3 muxlis Sesabamisad. sasamarTlom

aRniSna, rom germanulma sasamarTlom samarTlianad daadastura kon�

venciis darRvevis faqti. kerZod, policielTa mxridan iyo Zalis gamoy�

enebiT damuqreba da araadamianuri mopyroba, konvenciis me�3 muxlis

gaTvaliswinebiT. sasamarTlom aseve ganmarta, rom germanuli sasamarT�

los mier policielTa dasjis gamo msjavrdebuli veRar ganixileba ro�

gorc msxverpli. amis Semdeg msjavrdebulma moiTxova saqmis gadacema

didi palatisaTvis, evropis adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis 43�e muxlis

moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad. didi palatis kolegiam miiRo aRniSnuli ga�

nacxadi da Caatara zepiri mosmenac. Tumca saboloo gadawyvetileba

jer kidev ar aris miRebuli.

sadavoa msxverplad an dazaralebulad aRiarebis sakiTxi. mTavaria,

germanulma sasamarTlomac da evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarT�

lomac calsaxad xazi gausves im garemoebas, rom evropis adamianis

55 saqme gefgeni germaniis winaaRmdeg, 22978/05.

167


uflebaTa konvenciis me�3 muxli moqmedebs, ganurCevlad braldebulis

qcevisa da konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoebebisa.

7. Sejameba da samomavlo perspeqtivebi

terorizmsa da separatizmTan brZola, samwuxarod, jer kidev rCeba

aqtualur problemad. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi jer kidev xdeba teroris�

tuli aqtebi. sxva krizisul teritoriebze arsebuli situacia aiZulebs

msoflio Tanamegobrobas, saTanado reagireba moaxdinos aseTi tipis

faqtebze. TavisTavad cxadia, rom saxelmwifo uflebamosili da, kon�

venciis Sesabamisad, valdebulicaa, daicvas sakuTari mosaxleoba ter�

oristuli aqtebisa da sxva qmedebebisagan. vinaidan konvenciis debule�

bebidan, gansakuTrebiT ki me�2 da me�3 muxlebidan, gamomdinareobs ara

mxolod saxelmwifos valdebulebebis Sesrulebisagan uaryofiTi Tavis

Sekaveba, aramed dacvis dadebiTi valdebulebebic. aseve gasagebia, rom

policia da sxva Zalovani struqturebi midrekilni arian araTanazo�

mieri reagirebisaken. amitomac misasalmebelia, rom evropis adamianis

uflebaTa sasamarTlom yovelTvis miaqcios yuradReba im garemoebas,

Tu ramdenad iTvaliswinebs konvenciis wevri saxelmwifo garkveul fa�

seulobebs terorizmTan brZolis dros.

168

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris mniSvneloba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos instituciuri reformis WrilSi

levan mesxoraZe

1. Sesavali

2008 wlis 19 noembers evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma SeSfoTe�

ba gamoxata `sasamarTloSi ganTavsebuli individualuri ganacxadebis

raodenobis zrdasTan dakavSirebiT, rac safrTxes uqmnis konvenciuri

sistemis efeqtian funqcionirebas.~1 evropuli sasamarTlos preziden�

tis, Jan�pol kostas gancxadebiT, mimdinare saqmeTa raodenoba (daax�

loebiT 100.000 ganacxadi) 2008 wlis mxolod pirveli cxra Tvis ganma�

vlobaSi gaizarda damatebiT 15.500 saqmiT2. sasamarTlos udidesi Zal�

isxmeva, moexdina efeqtianobis maqsimalurad uzrunvelyofa da gaezar� uzrunvelyofa da gaezar�uzrunvelyofa da gaezar�

da sasamarTlos samdivno, arasakmarisi aRmoCnda araTu ganacxadTa ra�

odenobis Sesamcireblad, aramed misi Semdgomi zrdis Tavidan asacile�

bladac ki.3 sasamarTlos prezidentis gancxadebiT, SesaZloa, kiTxvis

niSnis qveS dadges sasamarTlos arsebobis sakiTxi.4

Sesabamisad, dRis wesrigSi dadga sasamarTlos mier adamianis ufle�

baTa evropuli konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebTan TanamSromlobis

gziT iseTi RonisZiebebis gatareba, romlebic xels Seuwyobs aRniSnuli

problemis gadaWras _ erTi mxriv, sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobis Sem�gadatvirTulobis Sem� Sem�

cirebas, meore mxriv ki kontrolis meqanizmis efeqtian funqcionire�

1 ix. evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebze momuSave komitetis (CDDH) dokumenti CDDH (2008) 014, 2008 wlis 15 dekemberi.

2 ix. evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis dokumenti CL-CEDH(2008)CB2, 2008 wlis 19 noemberi.3 ix. 1�li sqolio. 4 iqve.

169


bas. erT�erT aseT meqanizmad pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris

ufro meti sixSiriT gamoyeneba moiazreba.

2. pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris arsi

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura damkvidrda 2004 wlidan.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ukanaskneli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, ganacxadebis

zrdis tendenciis gaTvaliswinebiT, misi gavlena sasamarTlos gadat�gadat�

virTulobis konteqstSi mokrZalebulia, precedentul samarTalSi

gamoikveTa is pozitiur efeqti, rac aRniSnul proceduras axlavs sa�

samarTlos gadatvirTulobis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT.

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris Sesaxeb araferia naxsenebi ada� gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris Sesaxeb araferia naxsenebi ada�

mianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasa da evropuli sasamarTlos regla�

mentSi. Tumca pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris ZiriTadi princi�pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris ZiriTadi princi� gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris ZiriTadi princi�

pebi evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis gziT viTardeba.

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris arsi isaa, rom sasamarTlos

mier konkretul saqmeze msjeloba aucileblad scildeba calkeuli

ganmcxadeblis interesebs da saWiro xdeba saqmis im zogadi RonisZie�

bebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganxilva, romlebic aucilebelia evropul sa�

samarTloSi ganxilvis procesSi myofi analogiuri ganacxadebisa da

potenciurad dainteresebul pirTa interesebis dasacavad.5

aRniSnuli meqanizmi procedurulad Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: ev�

ropuli sasamarTlo im wamyvan saqmeze dayrdnobiT, romlis arsebiT

mxaresTan mimarTebiTac dadgindeba darRveva, gamoavlens sistemur na�

kls, SeaCerebs saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebis process (samarTlian

dakmayofilebasTan dakavSirebiTac) da `gayinavs~ yvela sxva mimdinare

(`klonirebul~) saqmesac, vidre ar miiRweva morigeba mopasuxe saxelmwi�

fosa da ganmcxadebels Soris. piloturi gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas

sasamarTlo daadgens imgvar zogad RonisZiebebs, romlebic aucilebe�

lia sistemuri problemis aRmosafxvrelad da ganmcxadeblisa Tu sxva

dainteresebuli pirebis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad.

Sesabamisad, xsenebuli procedura mopasuxe saxelmwifos xels aZlevs,

erTbaSad gadawyvitos didi raodenobis individualuri saqmeebi, romle�

5 broniovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Broniowski v. Poland), ganacxadi 31443/96, 2005 wlis 28 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, 34�e punqti.

170

levan mesxoraZe

bic erTma da imave struqturulma problemam warmoSva. amgvarad, xdeba

subsidiurobis principis implementacia, romelic safuZvlad udevs kon� principis implementacia, romelic safuZvlad udevs kon�implementacia, romelic safuZvlad udevs kon� romelic safuZvlad udevs kon�

venciur sistemas.

3. pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris mizani

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris mizani sistemuri problemebis

swrafi da efeqtiani gadaWraa, romelic, Tavis mxriv, konvenciiT garan�

tirebuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis jerovnad dacvaze axdens gav�Tavisuflebebis jerovnad dacvaze axdens gav� jerovnad dacvaze axdens gav�

lenas.6 im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac evropuli sasamarTlo mimarTavs pilo�pilo�

turi gadawyvetilebis proceduras, mopasuxe saxelmwifo valdebulia,

ministrTa komitetis zedamxedvelobis qveS individualuri da zogadi

RonisZiebebis WrilSi gaataros adekvaturi RonisZiebebi da sasamarTlos

miTiTebis farglebSi uzrunvelyos sistemuri xarvezis aRmofxvra. aRniS�

nuli RonisZiebebi unda gatardes ganmcxadeblis mdgomareobaSi myofi

sxva pirebis mimarTac da emsaxureba im problemebis gadaWras, romlebic

identificirebul iqna wamyvan saqmeze sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT.

Sesabamisad, pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris farglebSi sa�pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris farglebSi sa� gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris farglebSi sa�

samarTlo axerxebs ara mxolod ZiriTadi msxverplis interesebis dac�

vas, aramed erovnuli xelisuflebis mier sistemuri problemebis aR�

mofxvris gziT uzrunvelyofs mimdinare analogiuri saqmeebis gadaw�

yvetas maTi arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe; meore mxriv ki, aseTi meqanizmis

gamoyeneba calsaxad dadebiTi efeqtis mqonea, sasamarTlos gadatvir�gadatvir�

Tulobis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT.

4. pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris principebi

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTa�precedentuli samarTa� samarTa�

li, kerZod ki saqmeebi _ broniovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Broniowski v. Poland) da huten�Capska poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Hutten-Czapska v. Po- v. Po-v. Po- Po-Po-

6 huten�Capska poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Hutten-Czapska v. Poland), ganacxadi 35014/97, 2006 wlis 19 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, 234-e punqti; volkenbergi da sxvebi poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Wolkenberg and Others v. Poland), ganacxadi 50003/99), 2007 wlis 4 dekembris gadawyvetileba, 34-e punqti.

171


land), _ adgens im principebsa da kriteriumebs, romelTa arseboba pilo� adgens im principebsa da kriteriumebs, romelTa arseboba pilo�pilo�

tur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris amoqmedebis safuZvelia.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom pirvelad pilotur

gadawyvetilebaTa proceduras mimarTa poloneTis winaaRmdeg warmar�

Tul zemoaRniSnul saqmeebSi. orive saqmeSi adamianis uflebaTa evropu�

li konvenciis darRvevis ZiriTadi mizezi erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi ar�

sebuli sistemuri xarvezebi iyo. aRniSnuli xarvezebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom misi Sedegebi Seexeboda ara mxolod zemoT

naxseneb saqmeebSi warmodgenil ganmcxadebelTa interesebs, aramed im

ganmcxadeblebsac, romlebmac ukve Seitanes an potenciurad SeeZloT

evropul sasamarTloSi ganacxadebis Setana.7

amJamad pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura moicavs sam Ziri�pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura moicavs sam Ziri� gadawyvetilebaTa procedura moicavs sam Ziri�

Tad safexurs, esenia: piloturi gadawyvetilebis gamotana, morigeba

da morigebis damadasturebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana (ganacxadis

amoricxva gansaxilvel saqmeTa siidan).

4.1 piloturi gadawyvetilebis gamotana

broniovskis saqmeze evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom polo�

neTSi im droisaTvis moqmedi Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo normebi ver

modioda SesabamisobaSi evropuli konvenciis pirveli damatebTi oq�damatebTi oq� oq�

mis pirveli muxlis moTxovnebTan, romelmac didi raodenobis pirTa

interesebze iqonia gavlena (daaxloebiT 80.000). aRniSnul saqmeSi sa�

samarTlom pirvelad daadgina sistemuri problemis arseboba da ganmar�

ta, rogorc viTareba, sadac `saqmis garemoebebi gamoavlenen (erovnul)

samarTlebriv wesrigSi xarvezs, romlis Sedegad irRveoda da dRemde

irRveva individTa garkveuli jgufis (konvenciiT daculi uflebebi da

Tavisuflebebi) da sadac aseTi xarvezi potenciurad qmnis safuZvels

evropul sasamarTloSi dasabuTebuli ganacxadebis ganTavsebisas.~8

niSandoblivia, rom broniovskis saqmeSi saxeze iyo evropuli kon�

venciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxliT garantirebuli

7 huten�Capska poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Hutten-Czapska v. Poland), ganacxadi 35014/97, 2006 wlis 19 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, 238-e punqti.

8 broniovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Broniowski v. Poland), ganacxadi 31443/96, 2004 wlis 22 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, 189�e punqti.

172

levan mesxoraZe

uflebis darRveva farTod gavrcelebuli problemis Sedegad, rac po�

lonuri kanonmdeblobis gaumarTavi funqcionirebisa da administraci�

uli praqtikidan momdinareobda da romelmac gavlena moaxdina, da

dRemde axdens, didi raodenobiT pirze. amasTan, sasamarTlom aRniSna,

rom ganmcxadeblis mier sakuTrebis mSvidobiani sargeblobis uflebis

gaumarTlebeli dabrkoleba, àrc izolirebuli SemTxvevis Sedegi iyo

da arc garemoebaTa konkretul ganviTarebas miewereboda.~9

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom `mopasuxe

saxelmwifo valdebulia, Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi RonisZiebebis im�im�

plementaciis gziT uzrunvelyos sakuTrebis uflebis dacva yvela po� gziT uzrunvelyos sakuTrebis uflebis dacva yvela po�

tenciuri msxverplis mimarT an, sanacvlod, mianiWos maT adekvaturi

samarTliani dakmayofileba pirveli oqmis pirveli muxliT gaTval�

iswinebuli sakuTrebis uflebis dacvis principebTan SesabamisobaSi.~10

sasamarTlom erovnul samarTlebriv wesrigSi arsebuli sistemuri an

struqturuli problemebisadmi aseT midgomas uwoda `pilotur gadaw�`pilotur gadaw� gadaw�

yvetilebaTa procedura.~11

evropuli sasamarTlos didma palatam broniovskis saqmeze dadgeni�

li principebi aseve gamoiyena huten�Capskas saqmesTan mimarTebiT, gansa�

kuTrebiT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ijaris kontrolis sakiTxTan dakav�

SirebiT moqmedi sakanonmdeblo sqema potenciurad gavlenas axdenda kidev

ufro met pirze _ daaxloebiT 100000 miwis mesakuTresa da 600000�dan

900000�mde moijareze. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom xsenebul saqmeSi arsebuli

sistemuri problemebi iyo ara izolirebuli SemTxveva, aramed erovnuli

xelisuflebis administraciuli praqtikis Sedegi, didma palatam mizanSe�

wonilad miiCnia pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris gamoyeneba.

gadawyvetileba burdovis saqmeze (Burdov v. Russian Federation, Bur-dov 2), romelic miRebul iqna 2009 wlis 15 ianvars, pilotur gadaw�pilotur gadaw� gadaw�

yvetilebaTa proceduris uaxlesi nimuSia da TvalsaCino magaliTia

imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba moxdes proceduris morgeba sruliad gansx�

vavebul konteqstze.

9 iqve, 189�e punqti.10 huten�Capska poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Hutten-Czapska v. Poland), ganacxadi 35014/97, 2005

wlis 22 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba, 190-e punqti; broniovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Bro-niowski v. Poland), ganacxadi 31443/96, 2004 wlis 22 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, 194�e punqti.

11 broniovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Broniowski v. Poland), ganacxadi 31443/96, 2005 wlis 28 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, 34�e punqti.

173


aRniSnul saqmeSi sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom erovnul gadaw�

yvetilebaTa aRusrulebloba an dagvianebuli aRsruleba gangrZoba�gangrZoba�

di problemaa ruseTis Sida samarTlebriv sistemaSi, ramac konvenci� problemaa ruseTis Sida samarTlebriv sistemaSi, ramac konvenci�

is araerTgzis darRveva gamoiwvia. rogorc sasamarTlom aRniSna, man

ukve gamoavlina msgavsi darRvevebi 200�ze met gadawyvetilebaSi mas

Semdeg, rac amgvari ram pirvelad dadginda burdovis saqmesTan daka� saqmesTan daka�

vSirebiT 2002 wels. aRniSnuli faqtiT dadasturebul iqna ruseTSi

samarTlebriv sistemaSi arsebuli sistemuri problemisa da evropul

konvenciasTan Seusabamo administraciuli praqtikis arseboba. Sesabam� arseboba. Sesabam�arseboba. Sesabam�

isad, sasamarTlom droulad da adekvaturad miiCnia, ganexila pilo�pilo�

turi gadawyvetilebis proceduris gamoyenebis sakiTxi.

4.2 morigeba

iq, sadac sasamarTlo gamoiyenebs pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa pro�pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa pro� gadawyvetilebaTa pro�

ceduras da gamoavlens sistemur xarvezs erovnul samarTlebriv wes�

rigSi, mopasuxe saxelmwifo individualuri da zogadi RonisZiebebis

WrilSi uzrunvelyofs `gayinul saqmeebze~ morigebis gaformebas, maT

Soris samarTlian dakmayofilebasTan dakavSirebiT. amasTan, rogorc

zemoT aRiniSna, morigeba saxelmwifosa da ganmcxadebels Soris moicavs

rogorc individualur, aseve zogad RonisZiebebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom broniovskis saqmeze morigebis miRwevasTan dakav�

Sirebuli sirTuleebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mTavrobam mimarTa sasamarT�

los samdivnos da moiwvia is mxareTa Soris saSuamdgomlod. am Suamd�saSuamdgomlod. am Suamd� am Suamd�

gomlobis Sedegad miRweul iqna morigeba, romelmac gansazRvra indi�

vidualur da zogad RonisZiebaTa pirobebi.

4.3 ganacxadis amoricxva gansaxilvel saqmeTa siidan

broniovskis saqmesTan mimarTebiT gamoyenebuli pilotur gadaw�pilotur gadaw� gadaw�

yvetilebaTa procedura dasrulda 2008 wlis seqtemberSi sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebiT saqmeze _ i. ji. poloneTis winaaRmdeg (E.G. v. Poland) da 175 sxva analogiuri saqme. ganmcxadebelTa umravlesobam mimarTa

erovnul donze, zogadi RonisZiebebis Tanaxmad, poloneTis mTavrobis

mier SeTavazebul samarTlebriv saSualebebs. Sesabamisad, evropulma

174

levan mesxoraZe

sasamarTlom yvela es saqme amoricxa gansaxilvel saqmeTa siidan evro�amoricxa gansaxilvel saqmeTa siidan evro� gansaxilvel saqmeTa siidan evro�

puli konvenciis 37�e 1 (b) muxlis safuZvelze.12

sasamarTlom aseve miuTiTa, Tu rogor reagirebas moaxdens iseT vi�

TarebaSi, rodesac mopasuxe saxelmwifo gonivrul vadaSi ar gaatarebs

adekvatur RonisZiebebs da sasamarTlos mier dakisrebuli individual�

uri da zogadi RonisZiebebis WrilSi ar uzrunvelyofs erovnul done�

ze arsebuli sistemuri problemebis gadawyvetas.13 aseT SemTxvevaSi,

sasamarTlo ganaaxlebs gayinuli saqmeebis individualurad ganxilvas

da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi maT, konvenciis 46�e

muxlis Sesabamisad, ministrTa komitets gadascems, raTa zedamxedv�

eloba gauwios aRsrulebas.14

5. pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris gamoyenebis marTebuloba 2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SesaZlo faqtebTan mimarTebiT

3300 ganacxadze meti iqna Setanili evropul sasamarTloSi saqa�

rTvelos winaaRmdeg e.w. samxreT oseTis, saqarTvelo, teritoriaze

2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris ganviTarebuli

omis garkveul faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, faqtobrivad, erTsa da imave

situaciasTan mimarTebiT. dReis mdgomareobiT, aRniSnuli ganacxadebis

garkveuli nawilis komunificireba ukve moxdenilia saqarTvelos mTav�komunificireba ukve moxdenilia saqarTvelos mTav� ukve moxdenilia saqarTvelos mTav�

robasTan da sasamarTlos mier daisva sakiTxi pilotur gadawyvetile�pilotur gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�

baTa proceduris gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis Se�precedentuli samarTlis Se� samarTlis Se�

sabamisad, pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris mniSvnelovani kom�pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris mniSvnelovani kom� gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris mniSvnelovani kom�

ponentia evropuli konvenciiT dadgenili standartebisadmi mzardi

safrTxis arseboba, romelic aris didi raodenobiT ganmeorebadi saq�ganmeorebadi saq� saq�

meebis Sedegi da momdinareobs, sxvaTa Soris, erTi da imave struqtu�

12 i. ji. poloneTis winaaRmdeg (E.G. v. Poland), ganacxadi 50425/99, 2008 wlis 23 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, 24�e punqti.

13 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos samdivnos mier piloturi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb SemuSavebuli dokumenti DH-S-GDR (2009)10, 2009 wlis 24 Tebervali.

14 iqve.

175


ruli an sistemuri problemisagan.15 broniovskis saqmeSi, magaliTad,

ganmcxadeblis konvenciiT daculi uflebis darRveva gamoiwvia far�

Tod gavrcelebulma sistemurma problemam, romlis Sedegad dairRva

evropuli konvenciiT garantirebuli uflebebi adamianTa garkveuli

jgufis mimarT.16 amasTanave, mxars uWerda ra sasamarTlo broniovskis

saqmeze piloturi proceduris gamoyenebas, igi darwmunebuli iyo, rom

`gaumarTlebeli dabrkoleba arc izolirebuli incidentis mier iyo

gamowveuli da arc movlenaTa konkretul ganviTarebas miewereboda,

aramed is iyo erovnuli xelisuflebis administraciuli praqtikis

Sedegi.~17

5.1 zemoxsenebuli principebis Sesabamisoba aRniSnul saqmeebTan

zemoxsenebuli principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saeWvoa, rom sasamarT� principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saeWvoa, rom sasamarT�principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saeWvoa, rom sasamarT� gaTvaliswinebiT, saeWvoa, rom sasamarT�gaTvaliswinebiT, saeWvoa, rom sasamarT� saeWvoa, rom sasamarT�saeWvoa, rom sasamarT� rom sasamarT�rom sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los mier saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak� mier saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak�mier saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak� saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak�saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak� mTavrobasTan komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak�mTavrobasTan komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak� komunificirebuli ganacxadebi ak�ganacxadebi ak� ak�ak�

mayofilebs kriteriumebs, rac pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris

gamoyenebisaTvis safuZvels warmoSobda. arsebobs mniSvnelovani gare� safuZvels warmoSobda. arsebobs mniSvnelovani gare�safuZvels warmoSobda. arsebobs mniSvnelovani gare� warmoSobda. arsebobs mniSvnelovani gare�warmoSobda. arsebobs mniSvnelovani gare� arsebobs mniSvnelovani gare�arsebobs mniSvnelovani gare� mniSvnelovani gare�mniSvnelovani gare� gare�gare�

moebebi, romelTa gamo ganmcxadebelTa mdgomareoba aris specifikuri

da individualizebuli da ar warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi� individualizebuli da ar warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi�individualizebuli da ar warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi� da ar warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi�da ar warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi� ar warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi�ar warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi� warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi�warmoadgens ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi� ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi�ànalogiur~ SemTxvevebs, pi� SemTxvevebs, pi�SemTxvevebs, pi� pi�

loturi proceduris konteqstSi.

ufro konkretulad, aRniSnul saqmeebSi SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin� konkretulad, aRniSnul saqmeebSi SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin�konkretulad, aRniSnul saqmeebSi SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin� aRniSnul saqmeebSi SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin�aRniSnul saqmeebSi SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin� saqmeebSi SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin�saqmeebSi SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin� SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin�SesaZloa gamoikveTos prin� gamoikveTos prin�gamoikveTos prin� prin�prin�

cipuli mniSvnelobis maxasiaTeblebi, rac maT ganasxvavebs evropuli

sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTliT dadgenili standartebisagan.

aRsaniSnavia TiToeuli ganmcxadeblis faqtobriv garemoebaTa erT�

maneTisagan ganmasxvavebeli konteqsti, rac gamowveulia imiT, rom

ganmcxadebelTa mimarT konvenciiT daculi uflebebisa da Tavisufle�Tavisufle�

bebis savaraudo darRveva, evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli saq� savaraudo darRveva, evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli saq�precedentuli saq� saq�

meebisagan gansxvavebiT, momdinareobs SeiaraRebuli dapirispirebisagan,

romelSic monawileobda ara mxolod erTi mxare, aramed ramdenime. Ses� mxolod erTi mxare, aramed ramdenime. Ses�mxolod erTi mxare, aramed ramdenime. Ses�

abamisad, sapirispiros damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebis ararsebobis

15 huten�Capska poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Hutten-Czapska v. Poland), ganacxadi 35014/97, 2006 wlis 19 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, 234�e punqti; broniovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Bronio-wski v. Poland), ganacxadi 31443/96, 2004 wlis 22 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, 126�e punqti.

16 ix. me�5 sqolio.17 broniovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Broniowski v. Poland), ganacxadi 31443/96, 2004 wlis 22

ivnisis gadawyvetileba, 189�e punqti.

176

levan mesxoraZe

gamo, ar SeiZleba dasabuTebulad CaiTvalos, rom adamianis uflebaTa

savaraudo darRvevebi Seeracxeba mxolod erT mxares. amasTanave, im

SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu dadgindeba, rom garkveuli darRvevebi gamoiwvia

qmedebebma, romlebic erT mxares Seeracxeba, unda dadasturebul iqnes,

rom adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebi administraciuli praqtikiT

iyo ganpirobebuli.18

Sesabamisad, pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris `brma~ gamoy�pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris `brma~ gamoy� gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris `brma~ gamoy�

enebam SeiZleba safuZvlianad daCrdilos marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadi

mizani _ WeSmaritebis dadgena, rac SesaZloa gamowveul iqnes im qmede�_ WeSmaritebis dadgena, rac SesaZloa gamowveul iqnes im qmede� WeSmaritebis dadgena, rac SesaZloa gamowveul iqnes im qmede�

baTa araswori Seracxvis gziT, romelic safuZvlad daedo adamianis

uflebaTa savaraudo darRvevebs.

zemoxsenebuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saeWvoa, winamdebare

saqmeebi akmayofilebdes evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samar�precedentuli samar� samar�

TliT dadgenil kriteriumebs da, Sesabamisad, gamoyenebul iqnes pi�pi�

loturi gadawyvetilebis meqanizmi, raoden sasurvelic ar unda iyos

amgvari meqanizmis gamoyeneba sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobis Sesamci�gadatvirTulobis Sesamci� Sesamci�

reblad.

6. daskvna

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura SemuSavda im mizniT, rom

saxelmwifoebs gauadvildeT evropuli konvenciiT aRebul valdebule� gauadvildeT evropuli konvenciiT aRebul valdebule�gauadvildeT evropuli konvenciiT aRebul valdebule� evropuli konvenciiT aRebul valdebule�evropuli konvenciiT aRebul valdebule� konvenciiT aRebul valdebule�konvenciiT aRebul valdebule� aRebul valdebule�aRebul valdebule� valdebule�valdebule�

baTa efeqtiani Sesruleba iq, sadac erovnul samarTlebriv sistemaSi

gamoikveTeba sistemuri xarvezebi. aRniSnuli meqanizmi efeqtianad uz� sistemuri xarvezebi. aRniSnuli meqanizmi efeqtianad uz�sistemuri xarvezebi. aRniSnuli meqanizmi efeqtianad uz� xarvezebi. aRniSnuli meqanizmi efeqtianad uz�xarvezebi. aRniSnuli meqanizmi efeqtianad uz� aRniSnuli meqanizmi efeqtianad uz�aRniSnuli meqanizmi efeqtianad uz� meqanizmi efeqtianad uz�meqanizmi efeqtianad uz� efeqtianad uz�efeqtianad uz� uz�uz�

runvelyofs garkveuli kategoriis adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisu� garkveuli kategoriis adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisu�garkveuli kategoriis adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisu� kategoriis adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisu�kategoriis adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisu� adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisu�adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisu� uflebebisa da Tavisu�uflebebisa da Tavisu� da Tavisu�da Tavisu� Tavisu�

flebebis dacvas konvenciis pirveli muxlis WrilSi, da, amave dros,

Seamsubuqebs sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobas, romelic safrTxes uqm� sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobas, romelic safrTxes uqm�sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobas, romelic safrTxes uqm� gadatvirTulobas, romelic safrTxes uqm�romelic safrTxes uqm� safrTxes uqm�safrTxes uqm� uqm�uqm�

nis kontrolis meqanizmis efeqtian funqcionirebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura icavs in� rom pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura icavs in�rom pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura icavs in� pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa procedura icavs in�gadawyvetilebaTa procedura icavs in� procedura icavs in�procedura icavs in� icavs in�icavs in� in�

stituciur balanss evropul sasamarTlosa da ministrTa komitets

Soris. aseve, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa saxelmwifoebTan TanamS� aseve, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa saxelmwifoebTan TanamS�aseve, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa saxelmwifoebTan TanamS� gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa saxelmwifoebTan TanamS�gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa saxelmwifoebTan TanamS� mniSvnelobisaa saxelmwifoebTan TanamS�mniSvnelobisaa saxelmwifoebTan TanamS� saxelmwifoebTan TanamS�saxelmwifoebTan TanamS� TanamS�TanamS�

18 ix. Human Rights Watch�is, 2009 wlis ianvris moxseneba: ̀ Up In Flames: Humanitarian Law Viola-tions and Civilian Victims in the Conflict over South Ossetia~, Amnesty International, Civilians in the Line of Fire: The Georgia-Russia Conflict (2008).

177


romloba, imisaTvis, rom efeqtianad iqnes ganxorcielebuli pilotur

gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris implementacia, vinaidan procedura em� proceduris implementacia, vinaidan procedura em�proceduris implementacia, vinaidan procedura em� implementacia, vinaidan procedura em�vinaidan procedura em� procedura em�procedura em� em�em�

saxureba ZiriTad mizans _ SenarCundes konvenciuri sistemis sicocx� ZiriTad mizans _ SenarCundes konvenciuri sistemis sicocx�ZiriTad mizans _ SenarCundes konvenciuri sistemis sicocx� mizans _ SenarCundes konvenciuri sistemis sicocx�mizans _ SenarCundes konvenciuri sistemis sicocx� _ SenarCundes konvenciuri sistemis sicocx�konvenciuri sistemis sicocx� sistemis sicocx�sistemis sicocx� sicocx�sicocx�

lisunarianoba da efeqtiani funqcionireba.

aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom xsenebuli meqanizmis garda sasamarTlos

instituciuri reformis kuTxiT evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikaSi

SeiniSneba sxva cvlilebebic: calmxriv deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene� sxva cvlilebebic: calmxriv deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene�sxva cvlilebebic: calmxriv deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene� cvlilebebic: calmxriv deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene�cvlilebebic: calmxriv deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene� calmxriv deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene�calmxriv deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene� deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene�deklaraciaTa mzardi gamoyene� mzardi gamoyene�mzardi gamoyene� gamoyene�gamoyene�

ba; morigebaTa ufro proaqtiuri politikis gatareba da saqmeTa pri� morigebaTa ufro proaqtiuri politikis gatareba da saqmeTa pri�morigebaTa ufro proaqtiuri politikis gatareba da saqmeTa pri� ufro proaqtiuri politikis gatareba da saqmeTa pri�ufro proaqtiuri politikis gatareba da saqmeTa pri� proaqtiuri politikis gatareba da saqmeTa pri�politikis gatareba da saqmeTa pri� da saqmeTa pri�da saqmeTa pri� saqmeTa pri�saqmeTa pri� pri�

oritetizaciis politika. CamoTvlilTagan TiToeuls SeuZlia moaxdi�politika. CamoTvlilTagan TiToeuls SeuZlia moaxdi� CamoTvlilTagan TiToeuls SeuZlia moaxdi�CamoTvlilTagan TiToeuls SeuZlia moaxdi�

nos gavlena~ sasamarTlos mier sistemuri problemebis diagnozirebasa

da saxelmwifoTa mier maT gadaWraze.

pilotur gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris koncefciis maRali Sefase� gadawyvetilebaTa proceduris koncefciis maRali Sefase�

ba ar niSnavs, rom is ar Seicavs garkveul naklovanebebs, romelTa aR�

mofxvra SesaZlebelia proceduris ganviTarebis gziT. am koncefciis

erT�erTi mTavari sisustea misi gavrcobili struqtura. Tu gaviTval�

iswinebT sasamarTlos mier ukve ganxilul pilotur saqmeebs, saqmis

mTavrobisadmi komunificirebasa da gadawyvetilebis gamotanas Soris

periodma 4 weliwads miaRwia.

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, aSkaraa, rom procedura sakmaod moqnilad

funqcionirebs da momavalSi unda velodoT sxvadasxva situaciasTan

mis Semdgom morgebas.

178

sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

simon papuaSvili

1. Sesavali

sakuTrebis ufleba adamianis fundamentur uflebaTa im katego�

rias ganekuTvneba, romlis srulfasovani ganxorcieleba, erTi mxriv,

individis Rirseuli arsebobisa da, meore mxriv, Tavisufal sabazro

ekonomikaze dafuZnebuli demokratiuli sazogadoebis arsebobis wi�

napirobaa. es ufleba aRiarebuli da daculia rogorc saerTaSoriso

samarTliT, ise qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT. miuxedavad arsebuli samar�

Tlebrivi garantiebisa, xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac sakuTrebis ufleba

irRveva individ�saxelmwifos Soris warmoSobili garkveuli kerZo Tu

administraciuli samarTlebrivi urTierTobebisas. zogierT SemTxveva�urTierTobebisas. zogierT SemTxveva� zogierT SemTxveva�

Si uflebis darRveva saTaves iRebs arsebuli sakanonmdeblo xarveze�

bidan, zogjer ki amis mizezi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis arasworad Se�

fardeba xdeba.

saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis pirveli naxevris moxsenebaSi yuradRe�

ba gamaxvilebulia sakuTrebis uflebis darRvevis mizezebze. kerZod,

moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia: `saqarTveloSi ukanaskneli oTxi wlis ganma�

vlobaSi sakuTrebis uflebis darRvevis araerTi forma gamovlinda.

umravles SemTxvevaSi sakuTrebis uflebis xelyofa xdeboda swored

saxelmwifos mxridan, samarTaldamcavi da sxva saxelmwifo organoe�

bis meSveobiT. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac sakuTrebis uflebis darRvevis

faqtebi gauxmaurebeli darCa, vinaidan mesakuTreebs (an, ufro zustad,

179


yofil mesakuTreebs) eSinodaT, ganecxadebinaT maTi uflebis darRve�

vis Sesaxeb, radgan moelodnen, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi maT winaaRmdeg

aRiZvreboda sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi da daiwyeboda maTi devna.~ an�

gariSSi moyvanilia araerTi saqme, romelTa mixedviT, xdeboda sawar�

moebis mesakuTreTa daSineba da iZuleba, raTa maT sakuTari nebiT ga�

daecaT TavianT sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qoneba saxelmwifosaTvis.1

bolo wlebSi sakuTrebis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli praqtika cxady�

ofs, rom arsebobs fundamenturi xasiaTis problemebi, romlebic saTaves,

savaraudod, kanonmdeblobidan an misi arasaTanadod Sesrulebidan iRebs.

winamdebare statiaSi gaanalizebulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlos (SemdgomSi _ sasamarTlo) praqtika adamianis uflebaTa da

fundamentur TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis (SemdgomSi _ kon�TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis (SemdgomSi _ kon� evropuli konvenciis (SemdgomSi _ kon�

vencia) pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirvel muxlTan (sakuTrebis ufleba)

mimarTebiT. kerZod, statiaSi mimoxilulia is saqmeebi, romlebSic sa�

samarTlom Camoayaliba sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvasTan dakavSire�

buli samarTlebrivi standartebi. garda aRniSnulisa, statiaSi aseve

mimoxilulia sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi

qarTuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, qarTuli sasamarTlo praqtika da

maTi Sesabamisoba evropuli sasamarTlos mier dadgenil standartebTan.

2. sakuTrebis ufleba evropuli konvenciis mixedviT

miuxedavad imisa, rom sakuTrebis ufleba samoqalaqo da politikuri

uflebebis kategorias ar ganekuTvneba, igi aisaxa konvenciis pirvel

damatebiT oqmSi.2 kerZod, pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxlis

Tanaxmad:

`1. yovel fizikur an iuridiul pirs aqvs ufleba, mSvidobianad isarge�

blos Tavisi sakuTrebiT. ar SeiZleba, vinmes CamoerTvas Tavisi sa�

kuTreba, garda sajaro interesisaTvis da kanoniTa da saerTaSoriso

samarTlis principebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebiT.

1 saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis meore naxevris angariSi.2 evropuli konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmiT aseve aRiarebulia ganaTlebis ufleba,

romelic, msgavsad sakuTrebis uflebisa, ar ganekuTvneba samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis kategorias.

180

simon papuaSvili

2. zemoxsenebuli debulebebi ar zRudavs saxelmwifos uflebas, aamoqm�

edos iseTi kanonebi, romelTac igi saWirod Tvlis, raTa gaakontro�

los sakuTrebis gamoyeneba saerTo interesebis Sesabamisad an uzrun�

velyos gadasaxadebis, Senatanebis an jarimebis gadaxdis mokreba.~

es muxli, erTi mxriv, aRiarebs sakuTrebis uflebas da, meore mxriv,

adgens im SemTxvevaTa CamonaTvals, rodesac SesaZloa uflebis mar�

Tlzomieri SezRudva. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xdeba sakuTrebis

uflebis SezRudva, aucilebelia dadgindes, SenarCunebulia Tu ara

samarTliani balansi sazogadoebis saerTo interesebsa da piris funda�

mentur uflebebs Soris.

im saqmeTa ganxilvis dros, romlebic sakuTrebis uflebis savaraudo

darRvevebs exeba, sasamarTlo iyenebs Semdgom tests:

1. xvdeba Tu ara sakuTrebis ufleba an qoneba pirveli muxlis farg�

lebSi?

2. moxda Tu ara am qonebis xelyofa?

3. pirveli muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sami wesidan, romlis farglebSi

xvdeba amgvari xelyofa?

4. emsaxureba Tu ara xelyofa sajaro an saerTo interesiT ganpirobe�

bul kanonier mizans?

5. proporciulia Tu ara xelyofa? anu adgens Tu ara is samarTlian ba�

lanss sazogadoebis saerTo interessa da piris fundamenturi ufle�

bebis dacvis moTxovnebs Soris?

6. Seesabameba Tu ara xelyofa kanonis gasagebi formiT arsebobis

(kanonierebis) princips?

sakuTrebis anu ̀ qonebis~ cneba sasamarTlos mier farTodaa ganmarte�

buli. is moicavs ekonomikuri interesebis farTo wres. maT Soris, 1�li

muxlis dacviT sargeblobs: moZravi an uZravi qoneba, qonebrivi an

araqonebrivi kapitali, rogoricaa aqcia an patenti, saarbitraJo gadaw�

yvetileba, pensiis miRebis ufleba, mesakuTris ufleba qiris miRebaze,

samewarmeo saqmianobis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri

interesebi, garkveuli profesiiT muSaobis ufleba, garkveuli gare�

moebebis dadgomis kanonieri molodini, sasarCelo moTxovna Tu ki�

noTeatris klientura da sxva SemTxvevebi, romlebmac individis pirad

qonebriv interesebze SeiZleba pirdapiri gavlena moaxdinon.

181


2.1. sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudva evropuli konvenciis mixedviT

saqmeSi _ sporongi da lonorTi SvedeTis winaaRmdeg _ sasamarTlom

aRniSna, rom: `pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxli moicavs sam wess:

pirveli wesi, romelic zogadi xasiaTisaa, acxadebs sakuTrebiT mSvi�

dobiani sargeblobis princips. is gaTvaliswinebulia pirveli nawilis

pirveli winadadebiT; meore wesi moicavs qonebis CamorTmevas da am

ukanasknels garkveul pirobebs uqvemdebarebs. is moipoveba imave nawilis

meore winadadebaSi; mesame wesi aRiarebs, rom saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs,

sxva zomebis garda, gaakontrolos qonebis gamoyeneba zogadi interesis

Sesabamisad, iseTi kanonebis miRebiT, romelTac is aucileblad CaTvlis

am mizniT. es wesi gaTvaliswinebulia pirveli muxlis meore nawiliT.~3

Tu konkretul saqmesTan mimarTebiT sasamarTlo daadgens, rom mox�

da qonebis xelyofa, romelzec vrceldeba pirveli damatebiTi oqmis

pirveli muxlis sami wesidan romelime, amis Semdeg unda dadgindes,

SeiZleba Tu ara, amgvari xelyofa dasabuTdes saxelmwifos mier. Tu

dasabuTeba SesaZlebelia (dasabuTebis tvirTi saxelmwifos awevs), maSin

pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxlis darRveva ar aRiniSneba.

2.2. sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis kriteriumebi evropuli

sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis mixedviT

rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudva mar�mar�

Tlzomierad rom CaiTvalos, konvenciis pirveli oqmis pirveli mux� rom CaiTvalos, konvenciis pirveli oqmis pirveli mux�

lis miznebisaTvis aucilebelia, arsebobdes garkveuli garemoebebi.

kerZod, sakuTrebis uflebis nebismieri xelyofa unda emsaxurebodes

sajaro an saerTo interesiT ganpirobebul kanonier miznebs. amasTan,

sakmarisi ar aris, xelyofa kanonier mizans emsaxurebodes, aramed aseve

daculi unda iyos proporciuloba, anu samarTliani balansi sazoga�

doebis saerTo interesebsa da piris fundamenturi uflebebis dacvis

moTxovnaTa Soris, uflebis SezRudvas aucileblad Tan unda sdevdes

samarTliani kompensacia da, bolos, aucilebelia, SezRudva Seesabam�

ebodes kanonierebis principis moTxovnebs.

3 sporongi da lonorTi SvedeTis winaaRmdeg, 1982 wlis gadawyvetileba.

182

simon papuaSvili

uflebis SezRudvis marTlzomierebis sakiTxis gansazRvrisas sa�marTlzomierebis sakiTxis gansazRvrisas sa� sakiTxis gansazRvrisas sa�

samarTlo ikvlevs ara mxolod formaluri eqspropriaciis sakiTxs, ar�

amed aseve arkvevs, Tu rogori xarisxiT moxda de faqto SezRudva/Cam�SezRudva/Cam�

orTmeva. saqmeSi _ sporongi da lonorTi SvedeTis winaaRmdeg (Sporrong and Lonnorth v. Sweden4, romelic exeboda eqspropriaciis nebarTvisa

da amkrZalavi Setyobinebebis dawesebas stokholmSi (SvedeTi) arsebul

qonebaze, sasamarTlom ganacxada:

`formaluri eqspropriaciis ararsebobis pirobebSi, rac gamoixateba

mflobelobis gadacemiT, sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom man unda gaiTvaliswin�

os saqmis meorexarisxovani garemoebebi da gamoikvlios gasaCivrebuli

mdgomareobis realuri pirobebi..., vinaidan konvencia gamiznulia masSi

asaxuli uflebebis `praqtikuli da efeqtiani~ garantirebisaTvis...,

unda dadgindes, warmoadgenda Tu ara Seqmnili mdgomareoba faqtobriv

eqspropriacias, rac navaraudevia ganmcxadeblebis mier~ (p. 63).5

`saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad sakuTrebis

ufleba SeiZleba xelyofil iqnes. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba gaxdes imdenad

gamouyenebadi, rom es ufleba eqsproprirebulad CaiTvalos im SemTx�

vevaSic ki, rodesac saxelmwifo uaryofs qonebis eqspropriaciis faqts

da qonebis flobis samarTlebrivi ufleba formalurad pirvelad mesa�

kuTres rCeba.~6

amasTan, evropulma sasamarTlom imave sporongisa da lonorTis

saqmesTan dakavSirebiT aRniSna, rom qonebis CamorTmeva, socialuri

Tanasworobis waxalisebis politikis farglebSi, SeiZleba samarTli�

anad ganixilebodes rogorc sajaro interesiT ganxorcielebuli. am

gadawyvetilebis miRebisas sasamarTlom aRiara, rom is ar mihyveboda

zogierTi monawile saxelmwifos Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobiT

dadgenil midgomas eqspropriaciis sakiTxisadmi.

Camoyalibebuli precedentuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, `sajaro in�

teresis~ cneba farTod iqna ganmartebuli. kerZod, rogorc komisiam

aRniSna, qonebis eqspropriaciis kanonmdeblobis miReba, rogorc wesi,

4 Sporrong and Lonnorth v. Sweden, A-52 (1982).5 ix aseve: jeimsi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (James v. the United Kingdom), A98 (1986),

38-e punqti; hentrihi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (Hentrich v. France), (1994), 34-e�35-e punqtebi. 6 saqme stareTis samSeneblo kompaniasa da iranis islamuri respublikis mTavrobas Soris,

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da iranis sasarCelo moTxovnTa tribunalis 1983 wlis winaswari gadawyvetileba zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb.

183


moicavs msjelobas politikur, ekonomikur da socialur sakiTxebze,

romlebzec demokratiul saxelmwifoSi SeiZleba farTod gansxvave�

buli azri arsebobdes. sasamarTlo bunebrivad miiCnevs, rom sakanon�

mdeblo organos socialuri da ekonomikuri politikis gatarebisas

Sefasebis farTo zRvari aqvs, Sesabamisad, xelmZRvanelobs sakanon�

mdeblo xelisuflebis mier Camoyalibebuli `sajaro interesis~

gansazRvrebiT, im SemTxvevis garda, rodesac es gansazRvreba aSkarad

moklebulia gonivrul safuZvels. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, imis miuxe�

davad, rom sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia faqtebis Tavisi SefasebiT Caanacv�

los erovnuli xelisuflebis organoebis mier gakeTebuli Sefaseba,

igi valdebulia, gadasinjos gasaCivrebuli RonisZiebebi pirveli dam�

atebiTi oqmis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad da am procesSi gamoikvlios

is faqtebi, romelTa safuZvelzec moqmedebdnen erovnuli xelisu�

flebis organoebi.

analogiuri midgoma ganaviTara sasamarTlom saqmeSi _ skolo italiis

winaaRmdeg, (Scolio v. Italy)7, romelic, erTi mxriv, italiaSi saxelmwifos

mier sazogadoebis daucveli nawilis sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofas

da, meore mxriv, binis mesakuTresa da damqiravebels Soris warmoSobil

urTierTobebs exeboda. sasamarTlom miuTiTa im faqtze, rom pirveli

muxlis meore nawili saxelmwifos utovebs iseTi kanonis miRebis ufle�

bas, romelsac is, saerTo interesis gaTvaliswinebiT, saWirod CaTv�

lis qonebiT sargeblobis kontrolisaTvis. am saxis kanonmdebloba _

aRniSna sasamarTlom _ gansakuTrebiT xSiria dasaxlebis sferoSi, rac

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi socialuri da ekonomikuri politikis um�

niSvnelovanesi problemaa. amgvari politikis ganxorcielebis mizniT,

sakanonmdeblo organos unda hqondes Sefasebis farTo zRvari rogorc

Sesabamisi zomebis momTxovni sajaro interesis arsebobis dadgenaSi,

ise amgvari zomebis ganxorcielebis detaluri debulebebis arCevaSi.

sasamarTlos gancxadebiT,8 is iTvaliswinebs sakanonmdeblo xelisu�

flebis arCevans im mxriv, Tu ra aris sajaro interesi _ garda im Sem�

Txvevisa, rodesac es arCevani aSkarad ar aris moklebuli gonivrul

safuZvels.

7 1995 wlis gadawyvetileba. 8 ix. saqme jeimsi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (James v. the United Kingdom), A98 (1986),

46�e punqti; zemoT, 99�e punqti.

184

simon papuaSvili

rac Seexeba kompensaciis sakiTxs, pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli

muxli pirdapiri formiT ar moiTxovs kompensacias qonebis CamorTmevis an

sxvagvari xelyofis SemTxvevaSi. amasTan, qonebis CamorTmevisas kompensa�

ciis arseboba zogadi principis saxiT TavisTavad igulisxmeba. magaliTi�

saTvis SeiZleba dasaxeldes saqme _ jeimsi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR�

mdeg (James v. the United Kingdom),9 romelSic sasamarTlom daadgina, rom:

`monawile saxelmwifoTa samarTlebriv sistemebSi sajaro intere�

siT ganxorcielebuli qonebis CamorTmeva kompensaciis gadaxdis gar�

eSe gamarTlebulia mxolod gansakuTrebul garemoebebSi, romelTac

ara aqvT kavSiri amgvar RonisZiebebTan. rac Seexeba [pirveli damate�

biTi oqmis] pirvel muxls, am debulebiT garantirebuli sakuTrebis

ufleba, Sesabamisi principis ararsebobis pirobebSi, iluziuri da

ganuxorcielebeli iqneboda. udavod, kompensaciis pirobebs aqvs ar�

sebiTi mniSvneloba imis SefasebisaTvis, Tu ramdenad icavs gasaCivre�

buli kanonmdebloba samarTlian balanss saqmeSi arsebul sxvadasxva

interess Soris. kerZod, akisrebs Tu ara is ganmcxadebels arapro�

porciul tvirTs...~ (p. 54).

miuxedavad imisa, rom proporciulobis principis Sesabamisad kom�

pensaciis gadaxda aucilebelia, ar arsebobs kompensaciis sruli mocu�

lobiT anazRaurebis valdebuleba. sajaro interesiT ganpirobebuli

kanonieri miznebi, rogorebicaa ekonomikuri reforma an RonisZie�

bebi, romelTa mizanic socialuri Tanasworobis aRdgenaa, SeiZleba

moiTxovdes sabazro fasze naklebi odenobiT anazRaurebas. amasTan,

kompensaciis odenobas qonebis RirebulebasTan aucileblad gonivruli

kavSiri unda hqondes.10

saqmeSi iatridisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg (Jatridith v Greece),11 ro�

melic kinoTeatris flobasa da marTvis uflebas exeboda, kanonierebis

9 A98 (1986), 54�e punqti; liTgou gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (Lithgow v. the United Kingdom), A�102, 1986, 120�e punqti; wminda monastrebi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg (Holy Monas-teries v. Greece), A301�A, 1994, 70�e�75�e punqtebi; hentrihi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (Hentrich v. France), A296�A, 1994, 48�e punqti; presos kompania „navier sa“ belgiis winaaRmdeg (Pressos Compania Naviera SA v. Belgium), A�332, 1995, 38�e punqti; gilemani safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (Guillemin v. France), 1997��, 1997, 52�e�57�e punqtebi.

10 jeimsi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (James v. the United Kingdom), A�98, 1986, 54�e punqti; wminda monastrebi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg (Holy Monasteries v. Greece), A301�A, 1994, 71�e punqti.

11 1999 wlis gadawyvetileba.

185


cnebis gamoyenebis sakiTxi sakuTrebis uflebasTan mimarTebiT ganimar�

ta. kerZod, gadawyvetilebaSi aRiniSna Semdegi:

`sasamarTlo ganmeorebiT xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom pirveli dam�

atebiTi oqmis upirvelesi da yvelaze mTavari moTxovnaa, rom sajaro xe�

lisuflebis organos mier ganxorcielebuli qonebiT mSvidobiani sarge�

blobis nebismieri xelyofa kanonieri unda iyos: pirveli nawilis meore

winadadeba nebas rTavs qonebis CamorTmevas mxolod kanoniT dadgenili

pirobebis dacviT da meore nawili aRiarebs saxelmwifos uflebas, ganax�

orcielos qonebiT sargeblobis kontroli kanonis miRebiT. ufro metic,

kanonis uzenaesoba, rogorc demokratiuli sazogadoebis erT�erTi fun�

damenturi principi, gamomdinareobs konvenciis yvela muxlis formu�

lirebidan... da iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifos an sxva sajaro xelisuflebis

organos valdebulebas, Seasrulos mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili sasamarT�

lo brZaneba an gadawyvetileba... Sesabamisad, sazogadoebis saerTo in�

teressa da piris fundamenturi uflebebis dacvis aucileblobas Soris

samarTliani balansis dadgenis sakiTxi... SeiZleba gaxdes ganxilvis sagani

mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac dadgindeba, rom gasaCivrebuli xelyofa pa�

suxobda kanonierebis moTxovnas da ar iyo TviTneburi~ (p. 58).

aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika dReisaT�

vis ar iZleva sakuTrebis uflebis realur cxovrebaSi ganxorcielebis

Sedegad wamoWril yvela kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis SesaZleblobas, rac

iZleva varaudis safuZvels, precedentuli praqtika zemoT dasaxele�precedentuli praqtika zemoT dasaxele� praqtika zemoT dasaxele�

bul problemur sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT uaxloes momavalSi daixveweba

da ufro metad praqtikuli gaxdeba.

3. sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi

saqarTvelos konstituciis 21�e muxli, romelic sakuTrebis ufle��e muxli, romelic sakuTrebis ufle� muxli, romelic sakuTrebis ufle�

bas exeba, Tavisi SinaarsiT Seesabameba evropuli konvenciis pirveli

oqmis pirvel muxls. kerZod, konstituciis 21�e muxlis Tanaxmad:

1. `sakuTreba da memkvidreobis ufleba aRiarebuli da uzrunve�

lyofilia. dauSvebelia sakuTrebis, misi SeZenis, gasxvisebis an mem�

kvidreobiT miRebis sayovelTao uflebis gauqmeba.

186

simon papuaSvili

2. aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisas dasaSvebia pirvel punqt�

Si aRniSnul uflebaTa SezRudva kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi

da dadgenili wesiT.

3. aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis sakuTrebis Cam�

orTmeva dasaSvebia kanoniT pirdapir dadgenil SemTxvevebSi,

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an organuli kanoniT dadgenili

gadaudebeli aucileblobisas da mxolod saTanado anazRaure�aucileblobisas da mxolod saTanado anazRaure� da mxolod saTanado anazRaure�

biT.~

konstituciis es muxli erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs sakuTrebis

uflebaSi Carevis or saxes. kerZod, muxlis meore punqtSi saubaria

sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvaze, xolo mesame punqtSi CamorTmevaze.

orive SemTxvevaSi, uflebaSi Careva rom iyos marTlzomieri, unda arse�marTlzomieri, unda arse� unda arse�

bobdes aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroeba. garda amisa, konstitu�

ciis zemoT moyvanili debuleba aRiarebs kanonierebis cnebas da adgens,

rom uflebaSi Careva SesaZloa ganxorcieldes mxolod kanoniT dadge�

nil SemTxvevebSi da wesiT. sakuTrebis CamorTmeva dasaSvebia mxolod

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze da saTanado anazRaurebiT.

aq aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom, muxlis formulirebidan gamomdinare,

kompensaciis valdebuleba vrceldeba mxolod CamorTmevaze da ara

SezRudvaze. evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikis Tanaxmad ki, kompensaci�

is valdebuleba SesaZloa arsebobdes ara mxolod CamorTmevis, aramed

uflebis sxvagvarad SezRudvis SemTxvevebSic, ra drosac mxedveloba�

Sia misaRebi iseTi faqtorebi, rogorebicaa: SezRudvis xasiaTi da xan�

grZlivoba, iseve rogorc is qonebrivi Sedgebi, romlebic SezRudvis

Sedegad daudga mesakuTres.

rac Seexeba sakuTrebis definicias, igi mocemulia saqarTvelos

samoqalaqo kodeqsSi, romelic sakuTrebas ganmartavs, rogorc qonebis

(nivTis) mflobelobis, sargeblobisa da gankargvis uflebis erTobas.12

imave kodeqsis 147�e muxlis Tanaxmad, `qoneba~ aris `yvela nivTi da

aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, romelTa floba, sargebloba da

gankargva SeuZliaT fizikur da iuridiul pirebs da romelTa SeZenac

SeiZleba SeuzRudavad, Tuki es akrZaluli ar aris kanoniT an ar ewi�

12 samoqalaqo kodeqsis 170�e muxli.

187


naaRmdegeba zneobriv normebs.~ saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT�

lom 2005 wlis 13 ivlisis #2/5/309,310,311 gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSna,

rom saqarTvelos konstituciis 21�e muxlis debulebebi Seexeba kanon��e muxlis debulebebi Seexeba kanon� muxlis debulebebi Seexeba kanon�

ieri gziT SeZenil qonebas, romlis sakuTrebis ufleba davas ar iwvevs

da ver gavrceldeba ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmevasTan

dakavSirebul urTierTobebze, radganac am SemTxvevaSi iTvleba, rom

swored sakuTrebis uflebaa davis sagani da misi arseboba eWvis qveSaa

dayenebuli.

sazogadoebrivi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi qonebis CamorTmevis sakiTxi

regulirdeba ori sakanonmdeblo aqtiT: `saqarTvelos organuli ka�

noniT sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis gadaudebeli aucileblobi�aucileblobi�

sas sakuTrebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb~13 da `saqarTvelos kanoniT

aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis sakuTrebis CamorTmevis

wesis Sesaxeb.~14

organuli kanoniT sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis gadaudebeli au�au�

cileblobisas sakuTrebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb me�2 muxlis Tanax� sakuTrebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb me�2 muxlis Tanax�

mad: gadaudebel aucileblobas ganekuTvneba viTareba, romlis drosac

ekologiuri katastrofis, stiqiuri ubedurebis, epidemiis, epizooti�epizooti�

is gamo safrTxe eqmneba adamianTa sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas, sax� gamo safrTxe eqmneba adamianTa sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas, sax�

elmwifo an sazogadoebriv uSiSroebas. me�2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevebSi sakuTrebis CamorTmevisas xdeba sakuTrebis obieqtis Se�

faseba sabazro fasis Sesabamisad da mesakuTre iRebs Sesabamis kompensa�

cias.15 damatebiT, kanoniT mesakuTres eZleva qonebis CamorTmevis Ses�

axeb gadawyvetilebis sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis ufleba.16

saqarTvelos kanoni aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis sa�

kuTrebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb iTvaliswinebs qonebis eqspropria�

cias da qonebis CamorTmevis Sesabamis proceduras. kanonis mixedviT,

èqspropriaciad~ iTvleba, saqarTvelos konstituciis 21�e muxlisa da

am kanonis Sesabamisad, sakuTrebis CamorTmeva, CamorTmeuli qonebis

saTanado kompensaciiT. kanonis me�3 muxlis Tanaxmad, eqspropriaci��3 muxlis Tanaxmad, eqspropriaci�3 muxlis Tanaxmad, eqspropriaci�

is Taobaze gadawyvetilebas iRebs mxolod sasamarTlo. sasamarTlos

13 miRebulia 11.11.1997.14 miRebulia 23.07.1999. 15 ix. `saqarTvelos organuli kanoni sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis gadaudebeli aucile�

blobisas sakuTrebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb, me�4 muxli. 16 ix. amave kanonis me�6 muxli.

188

simon papuaSvili

gadawyvetileba unda Seicavdes saeqspropriacio qonebis detalur aRw�

eras da Sesabamis miTiTebas mesakuTris saTanado kompensaciiT uzrun�

velyofis aucileblobaze.

aRniSnuli ori kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sakuTrebis CamorTmevis

procedura praqtikulad srulad Seesabameba evropuli konvenciis

pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirvel muxls da evropuli sasamarTlos

mier Camoyalibebul precedentul praqtikas.

3.1. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos praqtika

saqarTvelos konstituciis 21�e muxlis ganmartebis TvalsazrisiT,

mniSvnelovania is sasamarTlo praqtika, romelic saqarTvelos sa�

konstitucio sasamarTlom ganaviTara bolo wlebSi. am mxriv, gansa�

kuTrebiT sainteresoa sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirveli kolegiis

2007 wlis 2 ivlisis gadawyvetileba #1//2/384. am saqmeSi sadavo iyo

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 52�e muxlis meore nawilis

sityvebis àn kanonier mflobelobaSi~ konstituciuroba konstituciis

21�e muxlTan mimarTebiT.

mosarCeleTa azriT, isini uSualod dazaraldnen sadavo normiT, ker�

Zod, maT sxvadasxva daniSnulebis saqoneli, romlis saerTo Rirebuleba

Seadgenda 537947 lars, Caabares gadamzidvel firma Sps `nugo turizms~

TurqeTSi. aRniSnulma firmam, Sesabamisi anazRaurebis sanacvlod, ikisra

saqonlis saqarTveloSi Camotanis valdebuleba. mZRolma sazRvris gada�

kveTisas Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 214�e muxlis

me�2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, risTvisac, xelvaCauris raio�

nuli sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 20 aprilis ganaCeniT, saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis 52�e muxlis me�2 nawilze dayrdnobiT, mZRols, sax�e muxlis me�2 nawilze dayrdnobiT, mZRols, sax� muxlis me�2 nawilze dayrdnobiT, mZRols, sax�me�2 nawilze dayrdnobiT, mZRols, sax��2 nawilze dayrdnobiT, mZRols, sax�

elmwifos sasargeblod, usasyidlod CamoerTva mis kanonier mflobelo�

baSi arsebuli danaSaulis sagani _ mosarCeleTa kuTvnili qoneba.

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom am saqmeSi 21�e muxliT dacul sa�e muxliT dacul sa� muxliT dacul sa�

kuTrebis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovan ganmartebaTa mTe�

li rigi warmoadgina, kerZod, sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom 21�e mux�e mux� mux�

li erTdroulad aris kerZo sakuTrebis institutisa da adamianis

ZiriTadi uflebis garantia. kerZo sakuTrebis institutis xelSeuxe�

blobis uzrunvelyofiT is mimarTulia kanonmdeblisadmi da aval�

189


debulebs mas, Seqmnas normaTa iseTi sistema, romelic eWvqveS ar

daayenebs am institutis arsebobas. damatebiT sasamarTlom aRniSna,

rom sakuTrebis, rogorc ZiriTadi uflebis, garantia, pirvel rigSi,

niSnavs TiToeuli mesakuTris uflebas, Tavi daicvas saxelmwifos

gaumarTlebeli Carevisagan, kerZod ki, uflebis dasacavad mimarTos

sasamarTlos. magram sakuTrebis garantirebuloba mxolod saxelm�garantirebuloba mxolod saxelm� mxolod saxelm�

wifos winaSe dacvis uflebiT ar amoiwureba, is, pirvel rigSi, niS�

navs kanonmdeblobaSi sakuTrebis Sinaarsis konstituciis Sesabamis

reglamentirebas. rogorc ki davuSvebT, rom ama Tu im sferoSi sax�

elmwifo politikis gasatareblad SesaZlebelia sakuTrebis ufle�

baSi iseTi Careva, romelic gansxvavdeba aucilebeli sazogadoe�

brivi saWiroebisaTvis sakuTrebis uflebaSi Carevis farglebisagan,

kanonzomierad gaizrdeba cduneba saxelmwifos uflebamosilebis

borotad, arasworad gamoyenebisa, SesaZlebeli gaxdeba sakuTrebis

uflebis SezRudvis saWiroebis farglebis gafarToeba, risi Sedegic

iqneba sakuTrebis uflebaSi gaumarTlebeli Careva, uflebis dar�

Rveva.

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganmarta àucilebeli sazogadoebrivi

saWiroebis~ koncefciac da ganacxada, rom: kanonmdeblis neba ama Tu

im garemoebis àucilebel sazogadoebriv saWiroebad miCnevis Sesaxeb

sakmarisad mkafio unda iyos, raTa gamoiricxos samarTalSemfardeb�samarTalSemfardeb�

lis mier misi araswori interpretacia da TviTnebobis albaToba, risi

kanonzomieri Sedegic iqneba uflebis darRveva. amasTan, sakonstitu�

cio sasamarTlom erTmaneTisagan gamijna àucilebeli sazogadoebrivi

saWiroebis gansazRvrisas kanonmdeblis uflebamosilebis farglebi sa�

kuTrebis uflebis SezRudvisa da sakuTrebis CamorTmevis daSvebisaT�

vis da ganacxada, rom sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvisas kanonmdeblis

mier aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebis gansazRvris diapazoni

gacilebiT farToa. am dros kanonmdeblis mier, pirvel rigSi, mxedv�

elobaSi miiReba sakuTrebis mier Sesasrulebeli funqcia. rac ufro

metad aris sazogadoeba, misi normaluri arseboba da ganviTareba sx�

vis sakuTrebaze damokidebuli, kanonmdebels miT meti uflebamosileba

aqvs sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis sferoSi. amasTan, sasamarTlom gan�

sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWa Tavad sakuTrebis obieqtis arss da

mis SesaZlo socialur datvirTvas.

190

simon papuaSvili

rac Seexeba TviT sakonstitucio davis Sedegs, sakonstitucio sa�

samarTlom imsjela Carevis proporciulobis sakiTxze da daadgina,

rom proporciulobis principi ar darRveula, ramdenadac, misi Sexed�

ulebiT, sadavo kanoniT ar xdeboda sakuTrebis uflebis gadametebuli,

sajaro miznis araadekvaturi SezRudva, radgan mesakuTre, marTalia,

kargavs qonebas, magram inarCunebs uflebas masze. amasTan, saqarTvelos

samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia arakeTilsindisieri kontra�kontra�

hentisagan zianis anazRaurebis sakmarisi SesaZleblobebi. Sesabamisad,

sadavo normis mixedviT, sajaro miznis miRweva ar xdeba sakuTrebis

uflebaSi araproporciuli Carevis xarjze. Tumca sakonstitucio sa�

samarTlom iqve aRniSna, rom sakuTrebis uflebis sruli da efeqtiani

dacvisaTvis aucilebelia adekvaturi, srulyofili da detalurad

gawerili procedurebis arseboba, raTa mesakuTrem qonebis CamorTmevis

marTlzomierebaze dava SeZlos.

sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis farglebis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT,

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kidev erTi,

2008 wlis 19 dekembris, gadawyvetileba #1/2/411, romelic mosarCelis

sasargeblod dasrulda. am saqmeSi sadavo iyo ̀ eleqtroenergetikisa da

bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me�2 muxlis ̀ d~ qvepunqti�me�2 muxlis ̀ d~ qvepunqti� muxlis ̀ d~ qvepunqti�`d~ qvepunqti� qvepunqti�

sa (im nawilSi, romelic Seexeba eleqtroenergiis sacalo momxmarebel�

ze èleqtroenergiis (simZlavris) bazris wesebiT~ dadgenil moculo�

baze meti eleqtroenergiis (simZlavris) realizacias) da èleqtroen�

ergiis (simZlavris) bazris wesebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos

energetikis ministris 2006 wlis 30 agvistos #77 brZanebis me�7 muxlis

pirveli punqtis konstituciuroba, saqarTvelos konstituciis 21�e

muxlis pirvel da me�2 punqtebTan da 30�e muxlis me�2 punqtis pirvel

winadadebasTan mimarTebiT. sadavo normebis amoqmedebis Sedegad mo�

sarCeleebs _ mcire gamanawilebel kompaniebs, romlebic eleqtroen�

ergias 120 milion kvt.sT�ze naklebi odenobiT anawilebdnen, gauuqm�kvt.sT�ze naklebi odenobiT anawilebdnen, gauuqm�naklebi odenobiT anawilebdnen, gauuqm�gauuqm�

daT eleqtroenergiis ganawilebis licenziebi da isini aRar daiSvebian

eleqtroenergiis ganawilebis bazarze.

aRniSnul saqmeSi sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganacxada: is faqti,

rom SezRudvis Sedegad formalurad mesakuTres rCeba sakuTrebis

SinaarsisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi, sruliadac ar niSnavs

imas, rom sakuTrebaSi Careva gamarTlebulia. uflebis Sinaarsis Sez�

191


Rudvis farglebzea damokidebuli am uflebis arsis SenarCuneba, vi�

naidan swored Sinaarsia arsis ganmsazRvreli garemoeba. sakuTrebis

Sinaarsis SezRudvis nebismier SemTxvevaSi sakuTreba unda darCes

sakuTrebad da man unda SeZlos am SezRudviT gamowveuli tvirTis

tareba. qonebis flobas azri daekargeba, Tuki subieqtis qonebrivi

uflebebi Sinaarsgamoclili gaxdeba. sakuTrebis Sinaarsi maSinaa

garantirebuli, roca mesakuTres SeuZlia sakuTrebaSi moazrebuli

uflebamosilebebis srulyofilad ganxorcieleba sakuTrebis obi�

eqtis funqciiT determinebuli nebis mixedviT. aqedan gamomdinare,

kanonmdebeli valdebulia, mesakuTres misces Tavisi sakuTrebis dan�

iSnulebisamebr gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, rac, pirvel rigSi, gu�

lisxmobs sakuTrebis obieqtebTan Tavad mesakuTris pirad urTier�

Tobas. swored es aris sakuTrebis, rogorc sanivTo uflebis, pozi�

tiuri Sinaarsis gamovlineba. konstituciuri uflebebis SezRudvas

maSin aqvs gamarTleba, roca legitimuri mizani ise miiRweva, rom ar

moxdeba SezRudvas daqvemdebarebuli sikeTisa da misi matarebeli

subieqtis erTmaneTisagan gaucxoeba. SezRudva gulisxmobs interes�

Ta samarTlian dabalansebas da ara iseT SemTxvevas, roca erTi in�

teresis adgils meore ikavebs.

xsenebul saqmeSi sakonstitucio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom sadavo

kanonmdebloba, romlis safuZvelzec mosarCeleebs SeuCerdaT saqmi�

anobis licenzia, winaaRmdegobaSi modioda konstituciis 21�e muxlTan.

4. daskvna

qarTuli kanonmdeblobisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis mimoxilva cxady�

ofs, rom rogorc kanonmdebloba, ise saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sa�

samarTlos mier SemuSavebuli midgoma da miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi

Seesabameba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mier Camoyali�

bebul precedentul praqtikas. qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT, sakuTrebis

uflebis SezRudvisaTvis dadgenili samarTlebrivi procedura emTx�

veva evropuli sasamarTlos mier Camoyalibebul midgomas. kerZod, imi�

saTvis, rom moxdes uflebis SezRudva an CamorTmeva, aucilebelia, Ca�

reva gaTvaliswinebuli iyos erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT, emsaxurebodes

192

simon papuaSvili

kanonier mizans, iyos proporciuli misaRwevi kanonieri miznisa da ganx�

orcieldes mxolod samarTliani kompensaciis safuZvelze.

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, praqtikaSi xSiria sakuTrebis uflebis dar�

Rvevis faqtebi, romelnic aisaxeba, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos saxalxo

damcvelisa da erovnuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier momzade�

bul da, meore mxriv, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier momzadebul

angariSebSi.

saqarTveloSi sakuTrebis uflebis sxvadasxva formiT darRvevis

faqtebis saTave aris ara kanonmdeblobaSi, aramed kanonis SefardebaSi

an arasaTanado SefardebaSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, dakavSirebulia ufro

zogadi xasiaTis problemasTan _ kanonis uzenaesobis principis arasa�

Tanadod ganxorcielebasTan.

193

saxelmwifo suvereniteti da adamianis uflebebi

nino ruxaZe

1. Sesavali

meore msoflio omis Semdgom periodSi Camoyalibebuli msoflio

marTlwesrigis erT�erTi fuZemdebluri principi saxelmwifo suveren�fuZemdebluri principi saxelmwifo suveren� principi saxelmwifo suveren�

itetis xelSeuxeblobaa, romlis uzrunvelyofis garantad gaerTianeb�garantad gaerTianeb� gaerTianeb�

uli erebis organizaciis (SemdgomSi _ gaero) wesdebaSi ganmtkicebuli

saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworobis,1 Zalis gamoyenebisa da ZaliT

damuqrebis akrZalvis,2 sxva saxelmwifos saSinao saqmeebSi Caurevlo�Caurevlo�

bis3 pricipebi gvevlineba. gaeros wesdebis erT�erTi mTavari mizania,

agreTve, adamianis uflebebis dacva.

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis doqtrinasa da praqtikaSi

adamianis uflebebi da saxelmwifo suvereniteti warmodgenilni arian

urTierTdapirispirebul kategoriebad, romlebic xels uSlian erT�

maneTs sruli moculobiTa da simZlavriT moqmedebaSi. civi omis pe�

riodSi damkvidrebuli gagebiT, saxelmwifo suvereniteti gulisxmobs

saxelmwifos uzenaes, eqskluziur da absolutur Zalauflebas sakuTar

teritoriaze. am ganmartebis mixedviT, is, rasac axorcielebs saxelm�am ganmartebis mixedviT, is, rasac axorcielebs saxelm� ganmartebis mixedviT, is, rasac axorcielebs saxelm�

wifo Tavis teritoriaze, àris didwilad misi saqme,~4 amave dros, am

terotoriaze mcxovreb pirebTan damokidebuleba mTlianad saxelm� mcxovreb pirebTan damokidebuleba mTlianad saxelm�

wifos prerogativaa.5 Sesabamisad, adamianis uflebebis masobrivi da

1 gaeros wesdeba, me�2 muxli, 1�li nawili.2 iqve, me�2 muxli, me�4 nawili.3 iqve, me�2 muxli, me�7 nawili.4 J. Mertus, Humanitarian Intervention And Kosovo: Reconsidering The Legality Of Humanitarian Inter-, Humanitarian Intervention And Kosovo: Reconsidering The Legality Of Humanitarian Inter-Humanitarian Intervention And Kosovo: Reconsidering The Legality Of Humanitarian Inter-

vention: Lessons From Kosovo, William & Mary Law Review 41, 2000, gv. 1754. 5 N. J. Wheeler & A. J.Bellamy, Humanitarian Intervention and World Politics, in The Globalization of

World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, gv. 473 (J. Baylis & S. Smith eds., 2001); (ix. P. Upadhyaya, Human Security, Humanitarian Intervention, and Third World Concerns, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 33, 2004, gv. 72).

194

nino ruxaZe

uxeSi darRvevebis arsebobis drosac ki sxva saxelmwifoebs ekrZalebo�

daT rogorc samxedro, ise arasamxedro xasiaTis intervenciis ganxor�

cieleba. aqedan gamomdinare, miiCneva, rom suvereniteti dabrkolebas

qmnis adamianis uflebebis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi, vinaidan arc erT

saxelmwifos ara aqvs ufleba, Caerios sxva saxelmwifos teritoriis

farglebSi mimdinare movlenebSi.

ukanaskneli aTwleulebis manZilze adamianis uflebebs sul ufro

mzardi mniSvneloba eniWeba, rac Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso sistemis

saxelmwifoze orientirebuli samarTlebrivi sistemidan adamianze ori�

entirebul sistemad transformirebiT SeiZleba aixsnas. saerTaSoriso

asparezze prioritetebis cvlaze metyvelebs gaxSirebuli saxelmwifo

praqtika, rodesac gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos nebarTvis gareSe adamianis

uflebebis masobrivi da uxeSi darRvevebis aRkveTis sababiT, ucxo sax�

elmwifoSi xorcieldeba intervencia humanitaruli miznebiT. saxelmwi�

foebi ar eridebian uSiSroebis sabWos nebarTvis gareSe humanitaruli

intervenciis ganxorcielebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnul inter�inter�

venciul aqtebs saerTaSoriso samarTali arakanonierad miiCnevs. aseTi

intervenciuli aqtebis samarTlebrivad dasabuTebisa da gamarTlebis

mizniT, saerTaSoriso samarTlis doqtrinaSi Cndeba mosazreba, rom

saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan adamianis uflebebis dacvisadmi

interesis gazrdam da, Sesabamisad, adamianis uflebebis dacvis prob�

lemis prioritetul sakiTxad gadaqcevam saxelmwifo suverenitetis

èrozia~6 gamoiwvia.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom saxelmwifo suverenite�

ti da adamianis uflebebi moiazrebian rogorc konkurentuli samar�

Tlebrivi institutebi, rodesac erTis gaZliereba meoris Sesustebas

iwvevs.

uqmnis Tu ara safrTxes saxelmwifo suvereniteti adamianis ufle� Tu ara safrTxes saxelmwifo suvereniteti adamianis ufle�

bebis dacvas? sxva sityvebiT: aris Tu ara saxelmwifo suvereniteti

dabrkoleba saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan adamianis ufle�

bebis dacvis saqmeSi? aris Tu ara saxelmwifo suverenitetis SezRud�

va an Sesusteba aucilebeli piroba saxelmwifoSi adamianis uflebebis

dacvis ufro maRali xarisxis misaRwevad? SesaZlebelia Tu ara saxelm�

6 L. Henkin, That “S” Word: Sovereignty, and Globalization, and Human Rights, Et Cetera, Fordham Law Review 68, 1999, gv. 3.

195


wifo suverenitetisa da adamianis uflebebis ara urTierTdapirispire�

bul, aramed urTierTSemavsebel kategoriebad ganxilva? _ swored es

sakiTxebia winamdebare naSromis ganxilvis sagani.

zemoaRniSnul kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad naSromSi ganixileba: civi

omis periodSi saxelmwifo suverenitetis koncefciis Sinaarsi, civi

omis Semdgom periodSi ganviTarebuli tendenciebi adamianis uflebebis

dacvis sferoSi da, bolos, saxelmwifo suverenitetisa da adamianis

uflebebis Tavsebadobis sakiTxi pozitiuri samarTlis mixedviT.

2. civi omi da saxelmwifo suvereniteti

saerTaSoriso samarTali erTob mgrZnobiarea politikuri proce�

sebisa da politikuri viTarebis mimarT. saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi

institutebi da koncefciebi Tavisi drois produqtebia. saxelmwifo

suverenitetis koncefcia gansakuTrebuli ZaliT ganicdis politikuri

realiebis zemoqmedebas.7

saxelmwifo suverenitetis koncefcias dasabami misca vestfaliis

samSvidobo xelSekrulebam, Tumca is mniSvneloba da gageba, romelic

suverenitets dReisaTvis aqvs, man meore msoflio omis damTavrebis

Semdeg SeiZina. saxelmwifo suverenitetis es koncefcia kidev ufro

gamyarda civi omis periodSi, rodesac msoflio Tvals adevnebda ori _

dasavluri da sabWouri _ polusis dapirispirebas. am dapirispirebaSi

TiToeuli maTgani gansakuTrebiT dainteresebuli iyo, gaeneitrale�

bina mowinaaRmdegis gavlena da uzrunveleyo sakuTari politikuri da�

moukidebloba. `saxelmwifo suverenitetis, rogorc aTwleulebis manZilze mSvidobisa

da stabilurobis mTavari garantiis, mniSvneloba Znelia, gadauWarbeblad

Seafaso.8 farTo saxelmwifo suvereniteti iyo erTaderTi misaRebi kom�

promisi, romelzec Tanxmdebodnen dapirispirebuli blokebi civi omis pe�

riodSi, da romelic mxareebs Tanaarsebobis saSualebas aZlevda.

7 F. G. Sourgens, Positivism, Humanism, and Hegemony: Sovereignty and Security for Our Time, Penn State International Law Review 25, 2006, gv. 434.

8 S. Humes-Schulz, Limiting Sovereign Immunity in the Age of Human Rights, Harvard Human Rights Journal 21, 2008, gv.108.

196

nino ruxaZe

civi omis periodSi Seiqmna araerTi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi

aqti, romlebSic ganmtkicda saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi prin�

cipebi. am aqtebSi mocemuli saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi prin�

cipebis mravalferovnebisa da mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, saerTaSoriso

Tanamegobroba aqcents swored saxelmwifo suverenitetis xelSeuxe�

blobis principze akeTebs.

gaero saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworobis princips efuZne�

ba. saxelmwifoTa suverenitetis xelSeuxeblobis uzrunvelsayofad

gaeros wesdeba krZalavs Zalis gamoyenebasa da ZaliT damuqrebas `sax�

elmwifos teritoriuli mTlianobisa da politikuri damoukideblobis

winaaRmdeg, an gaerTianebuli erebis miznebisTvis Seuferebeli nebism�

ieri sxva formiT.~9 garda amisa, gaeros wesdeba dauSveblad miiCnevs im

saqmeebSi Carevas, romlebic Sedis saxelmwifos saSinao iurisdiqciaSi.10

gaeros wesdebis garda, arsebobs gaeros egidiT miRebuli araerTi aqti,

romelTa ZaliTac saxelmwifo suverenitetis xelSeuxeblobis ganmt�

kiceba xdeba. am aqtebs Soris yvelaze cnobili da xSirad citirebadia

gaeros 1970 wlis deklaracia,11 romliTac saxelmwifo suverenitetSi

moiazreba Semdegi: a) saxelmwifoebi arian iuridiulad Tanasworni; b)

yvela saxelmwifo sargeblobs uflebebiT, romlebic sruli suvereni�

tetisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli; g) yvela saxelmwifo valdebulia, pativi

sces sxva saxelmwifos samarTalsubieqtobas; d) saxelmwifos terito�samarTalsubieqtobas; d) saxelmwifos terito� d) saxelmwifos terito�d) saxelmwifos terito� saxelmwifos terito�

riuli mTlianoba da politikuri damoukidebloba xelSeuxebelia; e)

nebismieri saxelmwifo Tavisufalia, airCios da ganaviTaros Tavisi

politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli sistemebi; v) yve�v) yve� yve�

la saxelmwifo valdebulia srulad da keTilsindisierad Seasrulos

Tavisi saerTaSoriso valdebulebebi da icxovros mSvidobianad sxva

saxelmwifoebTan.12

gaeros generalurma asambleam miiRo araerTi rezolucia, rom�

lebSic xazgasmulia saxelmwifo suverenitetis xelSeuxebloba da

imperatiulad akrZalulia saxelmwifos saSinao saqmeebSi Careva an

9 gaeros wesdeba, me�2 muxli, me�4 nawili.10 iqve, me�2 muxli, me�7 nawili.11 gaeros 1970 wlis deklaracia `saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebisa saxelmwifoTa Soris

megobruli urTierTobebisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, gaerTianebuli erebis organiza�ciis wesdebis Sesabamisad~ (SemdgomSi _ 1970 wlis deklaracia).

12 gaeros 1970 wlis deklaracia.

197


mis winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyeneba saxelmwifo suverenitetis Selaxvis

mizniT.13

saxelmwifo suverenitetis xelSeuxeblobazea saubari agreTve gaeros

marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi.14

zemoT miTiTebuli aqtebis mixedviT, saxelmwifo suvereniteti

tradiciulad ganimarteboda rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis domi�domi�

nanturi principi; aseve tradiciulad saxelmwifo suverenitetTan aso� principi; aseve tradiciulad saxelmwifo suverenitetTan aso�aso�

cirdeboda prezumfcia _ saxelmwifos veravin ver Seedaveba imaSi, Tu

rogor epyroba is sakuTar teritoriaze mcxovreb pirebs, vinaidan es

sakiTxi ganixileba saxelmwifos saSinao saqmed da, maSasadame, mis pre�pre�

rogativad.15 swored aqedan gamomdinare, suvereniteti tradiciulad

ganixileboda rogorc sxva saxelmwifoebisagan Tavis dasacavi fari im

qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac saxelmwifo axorcielebs Tavis

sazRvrebSi da rac xels uwyobs saxelmwifo xelisuflebis hegemonias

sakuTar teritoriaze. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom civi

omis dros arsebobda ara mxolod `rkinis farda~, romelic yofda qvey�

nebs Seurigebel banakebad, aramed ̀ samarTlebrivi fardac~, saxelmwifo

suverenitetis saxiT, romelic iuridiulad SeuRwevads xdida sxva sax�

elmwifosaTvis qveynis SigniT mimdinare movlenebsa da qmedebebs.

3. civi omis Semdgomi periodi da adamianis uflebebi

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, saxelmwifo suvereniteti ar aris statikuri

kategoria. ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze xdeboda misi arsebul saer� ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze xdeboda misi arsebul saer�ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze xdeboda misi arsebul saer� sxvadasxva etapze xdeboda misi arsebul saer�sxvadasxva etapze xdeboda misi arsebul saer� etapze xdeboda misi arsebul saer�etapze xdeboda misi arsebul saer� xdeboda misi arsebul saer�xdeboda misi arsebul saer� misi arsebul saer�misi arsebul saer� arsebul saer�arsebul saer� saer�saer�

TaSoriso realobasTan misadageba. civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior� realobasTan misadageba. civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior�realobasTan misadageba. civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior� misadageba. civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior�misadageba. civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior� civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior�civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior� omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior�omis dasrulebis Semdeg prior� dasrulebis Semdeg prior�dasrulebis Semdeg prior� Semdeg prior�Semdeg prior� prior�prior�

itetebi Seicvala. ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze adamianis uflebebma

didi wona SeiZina saerTaSoriso sarbielze, vinaidan dReisaTvis saerTa� dReisaTvis saerTa�dReisaTvis saerTa� saerTa�saerTa�

13 gaeros generaluri asambleis mier miRebuli rezoluciebis vrceli CamonaTvalisTvis, romliTac xdeba saxelmwifo suverenitetis Selaxvis, saSinao saqmeebSi Carevisa da Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalva. ixileT J. Shen, National Sovereignty and Human Rights in a Positive Law Context, Brooklyn Journal of International Law 26, 2000, gv. 426�427.

14 magaliTisTvis ix. Military and Paramilitary Activities (Nicaragua v. United States of America), 1986 I.C.J. 14 (June 27).

15 Iv. Simonovic, From Sovereign Equality to Equally Reduced Sovereignty, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 24, 2000, gv. 163.

198

nino ruxaZe

Soriso usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi mTavar

rols adamianis uflebebis dacva asrulebs. adamianis uflebaTa maso� adamianis uflebebis dacva asrulebs. adamianis uflebaTa maso�adamianis uflebebis dacva asrulebs. adamianis uflebaTa maso� uflebebis dacva asrulebs. adamianis uflebaTa maso�uflebebis dacva asrulebs. adamianis uflebaTa maso� dacva asrulebs. adamianis uflebaTa maso�dacva asrulebs. adamianis uflebaTa maso� adamianis uflebaTa maso�uflebaTa maso� maso�maso�

brivi darRvevebi saerTaSoriso stabilurobis moSlis erT�erT ZiriTad

faqtorad miiCneva. Sesabamisad, Seicvala saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis

dakveTa saerTaSoriso samarTlisadmi: Tu adre saerTaSoriso Tanamego� samarTlisadmi: Tu adre saerTaSoriso Tanamego�samarTlisadmi: Tu adre saerTaSoriso Tanamego� Tu adre saerTaSoriso Tanamego�Tu adre saerTaSoriso Tanamego� adre saerTaSoriso Tanamego�adre saerTaSoriso Tanamego� saerTaSoriso Tanamego�saerTaSoriso Tanamego� Tanamego�Tanamego�

brobis moTxovna iyo, maqsimalurad momxdariyo saxelmwifo suverenite� moTxovna iyo, maqsimalurad momxdariyo saxelmwifo suverenite�moTxovna iyo, maqsimalurad momxdariyo saxelmwifo suverenite� maqsimalurad momxdariyo saxelmwifo suverenite�maqsimalurad momxdariyo saxelmwifo suverenite� momxdariyo saxelmwifo suverenite�momxdariyo saxelmwifo suverenite� saxelmwifo suverenite�saxelmwifo suverenite� suverenite�suverenite�

tis xelSeuxeblobis uzrunvelyofa, dRes es moTxovna aRar aris esoden

kategoriuli. ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa

da usafrTxoebis axali prioritetebis Camoyalibebis Sedegad saerTa� usafrTxoebis axali prioritetebis Camoyalibebis Sedegad saerTa�usafrTxoebis axali prioritetebis Camoyalibebis Sedegad saerTa� axali prioritetebis Camoyalibebis Sedegad saerTa�axali prioritetebis Camoyalibebis Sedegad saerTa� prioritetebis Camoyalibebis Sedegad saerTa�Camoyalibebis Sedegad saerTa� Sedegad saerTa�Sedegad saerTa� saerTa�saerTa�

Soriso Tanamegobroba cdilobs, ar iyos pasiuri da gaataros qmediTi

RonisZiebebi maSin, rodesac uxeSad irRveva adamianis uflebebi.16 ami�ami�

saTvis ki mas sWirdeba sakuTari qmedebebis samarTlebrivad gamyareba.

Sesabamisad, aris mcdeloba, adamianis uflebebis masobrivi da uxeSi

darRvevebis aRkveTis mizniT ganxorcielebuli intervenciuli aqtebi

ar warmoCndes saxelmwifo suverenitetis xelSeuxeblobis damrRvev

aqtebad. amisTvis ki aucilebelia adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin� amisTvis ki aucilebelia adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin�amisTvis ki aucilebelia adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin� ki aucilebelia adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin�ki aucilebelia adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin� aucilebelia adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin�aucilebelia adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin� adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin�adamianis uflebebis dacvis prin� uflebebis dacvis prin�uflebebis dacvis prin� dacvis prin�dacvis prin� prin�prin�

cipisa da saxelmwifo suverenitetis principis TanabarmniSvnelovnad

warmoCena, risi garkvevac gaeros wesdebis teleologiuri da sistemuri

ganmartebebis meSveobiT xdeba. teleologiuri ganmarteba gulisxmobs

xelSekrulebis ganmartebas misi ̀ obieqtidan da miznidan gamomdinare,~17

xolo sistemuri moiTxovs normis ganmartebas xelSekrulebis sxva

normebis `konteqstSi.~18

3.1 gaeros wesdebis teleologiuri ganmarteba

saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa aris

gaeros raison d’etre.19 Sesabamisad, gaeros wesdebaSi ganmtkicebuli

normebi, kategoriebi, institutebi unda ganimartos am miznebTan kav�

SirSi.

16 P. Upadhyaya, Human Security, Humanitarian Intervention, and Third World Concerns, 33 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 71, gv. 82.

17 venis konvencia saxelSekrulebo samarTlis Sesaxeb, miRebulia 1969 wlis 23 maiss, ZalaSi Sevida 1980 wlis 27 ianvars (SemdgomSi _ venis 1969 wlis konvencia), muxli 31, nawili 1.

18 venis 1969 wlis konvencia, muxli 31, nawili 1.19 O. Schachter, United Nations Law, American Journal of International Law 88, 1994, gv. 17.

199


sxvadasxva etapze saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvel�

sayofad icvleboda aqcentebi. magaliTad, rogorc aRiniSna, civi omis pe�

riodSi ZiriTadi prioriteti iyo Caurevlobis principis uzrunvelyofa,20

rac Seexeba civi omis Semdgom periods, aq ukve, gavrcelebuli azris Tanax�

mad, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi fexs ikidebs àdamianis usafrTxoebis~

koncefcia, romelic globaluri da regionaluri usafrTxoebisa da mSvi�

dobis safuZvlad gvevlineba.21 samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi amerikis saxelm�

wifo departamentis mrCevlis mier natos iugoslaviaSi ganxorcielebuli

samxedro operaciis gasamarTleblad dasaxelebuli erT�erTi argumenti

iyo swored is safrTxe, romelic kosovoSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo

emuqreboda mTel regions. kerZod, man ganacxada, rom iugoslaviis fed�

eraciuli respublikis qmedebebi realur safrTxes uqmnida mezobel sax�

elmwifoebs, maT Soris iyo safrTxe, romelic ukavSirdeboda ltolvilTa

Zalian did nakads da maTi mezobel teritoriebze SeWris saSiSroebas.22

Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebisa da samarTlis ganviTarebis

Tanamedrove tendencia iseTia, rom saerTaSoriso Tu regionaluri uSiS�

roebisa da usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare, adamianis uflebebsa

da Tavisuflebebs eniWebaT sul ufro didi mniSvneloba da maT dacvaze

saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan xorcieldeba mniSvnelovani moni�

toringi, rac, adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebis mtkicebiT, iwvevs `suve�

renitetis tradiciuli koncefciis èrozias.~23

3.2 gaeros wesdebis sistemuri ganmarteba

gaeros wesdebis sistemuri analizi naTelyofs, rom saxelmwifo su�

verenitetis xelSeuxebloba ar aris is principi, romelic, wesdebis

Tanaxmad, ganuyoflad da uciloblad batonobs saerTaSoriso samar�

20 D. Murphy, Humanitarian Intervention, The United Nations in an Evolving World Order, 65 (Procedural Aspects of International Law Series, Vol. 21, 1996) (ix. J. L. Czernecki, The United Nations’ Paradox: The Battle between Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty, 41 Duquesne Law Review, 2003, gv. 393.

21 P. Upadhyaya, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 71.22 D. Andrews, Legal Adviser to the United States Department of State, Oral Hearing at the International

Court of Justice, Yugoslavia v. United States of America, May 11, 1999 (ix. L. Geissler, The Law Of Humanitarian Intervention and the Kosovo Crisis, Hamline Law Review 23, 2000, gv. 340).

23 J. Mertus, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 1767.

200

nino ruxaZe

TalSi. wesdebaSi didi wona da mniSvneloba sxva principebsac eniWebaT,

maT Soris, udavod, adamianis uflebebs.

gaeros wesdebis preambulaSi aRniSnulia, rom gaeros daarsebis

erT�erTi arsebiTi mizani msoflio masStabiT àdamianis uflebebisa

da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacvisa da pativiscemis uzrunvelyofaa,

ganurCevlad rasis, sqesis, enisa Tu religiisa.~ preambulaSi aseve xa�

zgasmulia àdamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa, pirovnebis Rirsebisa da Ri�

rebulebebis, mamakacTa da qalTa Tanasworuflebianobisa da didi da

patara erebis Tanasworobis rwmena.~ garda amisa, wesdebis 1�li me�(3)

muxli ganamtkicebs, rom gaeros mizania, `ganaxorcielos saerTaSoriso

TanamSromloba... adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa pati�

viscemis wasaxaliseblad da gasaviTareblad.~

gaeros wesdeba qmnis erTian sistemas, romelic adamianis uflebebis

dacvis sadarajoze dgas. adamianis uflebebis dacvis sferoSi gaeros

organoebi uflebamosilebaTa mTel speqtrs flobs. magaliTad: gener�

aluri asamblea valdebulia, `xeli Seuwyos adamianis uflebaTa da Ziri�

Tad TavisuflebaTa ganxorcielebas yvelasaTvis, ganurCevlad rasisa,

sqesisa, enisa da sarwmunoebisa.~24 gaeros ekonomikuri da socialuri

sabWo `SeimuSavebs rekomendaciebs yvelasaTvis adamianis uflebaTa da

ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa pativiscemisa da dacvis waxalisebis mizniT.~25 garda amisa, ayalibebs komisiebs, romlebic valdebulni arian, gaataron

RonisZiebebi adamianis uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad.26 amasTan er�

Tad, sameurveo sabWos Seqmnis erT�erTi mizani swored adamianis ufle�

bebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacvis xelSewyobaa.27 aseve, gaeros

wesdebaSi uSiSroebis sabWos kompetenciaze adamianis uflebebis dacvis

sferoSi pirdapir araferi ar aris naTqvami. 55�e muxlSi aRniSnulia,

rom gaeros wevrebi kisruloben valdebulebas, gaerosTan TanamSrom�

lobiT ganaxorcielon erToblivi da individualuri moqmedebebi, raTa

xeli Seuwyon àdamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa sayovel�

Tao pativiscemasa da dacvas yvelasaTvis, ganurCevlad rasisa, sqesisa,

enisa da sarwmunoebisa.~28 55�e muxlis frazeologia saSualebas gvaZlevs,

24 gaeros wesdeba, me�13 muxli, 1�li (b) nawili. 25 gaeros wesdeba, 62�e muxli, me�2 nawili.26 iqve, 68�e muxli.27 iqve, 76�e (g) muxli.28 iqve, 55�e (g) muxli.

201


rom gaeros sistemaSi uSiSroebis sabWo moviazroT rogorc erT�erTi

pasuxismgebeli organo adamianis uflebebis dacvis sferoSi, romelic

uflebamosilia, gamoiyenos sanqciebi, maT Soris, samxedro sanqciebic ki,

Tu CaTvlis, rom adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebi emuqreba saer�

TaSoriso mSvidobasa da usafrTxoebas.29

adamianis uflebaTa dacvisadmi gaeros erTgulebis damamtkicebe�

lia agreTve is mravalricxovani saerTaSoriso aqti, romlebic gaeros

egidiTaa miRebuli. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia: adamianis uflebaTa say�

ovelTao deklaracia,30 ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul ufle�

baTa paqti,31 samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa paqti,32 samoqalaqo

da politikur uflebaTa paqtis damatebiTi oqmi33 da genocidis Sesaxeb

konvencia.34 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis preambulaSi gacxadebu�

lia, rom àdamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Rirsebisa

da Tanaswori da ganuyofeli uflebebis aRiareba aris Tavisuflebis,

samarTlianobisa da sayovelTao mSvidobis safuZveli;~ garda amisa, me�2

muxlSi gacxadebulia, rom `yovel adamians unda hqondes am deklara�

ciiT gamocxadebuli yvela ufleba da yvela Tavisufleba raime, sax�

eldobr, rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, sarwmunoebis, politikuri Tu

sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavlobis, qonebrivi, wo�

debrivi Tu sxva mdgomareobis gansxvavebis miuxedavad~. me�3 muxlis Za�

liT, `yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xel�

Seuxeblobis ufleba;~ me�5 muxli ganamtkicebs, rom àravis mimarT ar

unda iqnes gamoyenebuli wameba da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri Tu misi

Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyroba da sasjeli;~ me�9 muxli adgens, rom àravis

dapatimreba, daWera an gaZeveba ar SeiZleba TviTneburad;~ 21�e muxlis

29 C. C. Joyner and A. C. Arend, Anticipatory Humanitarian Intervention: An Emerging Legal Norm?, USAFA Journal of Legal Studies 10, 1999/ 2000, gv. 30.

30 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, generaluri asambleis rezolucia 217 A (��), 10 dekemberi, 1948 weli.

31 saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa Sesaxeb, miRebulia 1966 wlis 16 dekembers, ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wlis 23 marts.

32 saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb, miRebulia 1966 wlis 16 dekembers, ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wlis 23 marts.

33 samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis damatebiTi oqmi, miRe�bulia 1966 wlis 16 dekembers, ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wlis 23 marts.

34 genocidis danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisa da dasjis Sesaxeb konvencia, miRebulia 1948 wlis 9 dekembers, ZalaSi Sevida 1951 wlis 12 ianvars.

202

nino ruxaZe

1�li punqtis Tanaxmad, `yovel adamians aqvs ufleba monawileobdes Ta�

visi qveynis marTva�gamgeobaSi uSualod, an Tavisuflad arCeul warmo�

madgenelTa meSveobiT;~ amave muxlis me�2 punqti acxadebs, rom `yovel

adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabar safuZvelze Sevides Tavisi qveynis saxelm�

wifo samsaxurSi;~ xolo me�3 punqti adgens, rom `xalxis neba unda iyos

safuZveli mTavrobis Zalauflebis;~ da bolos, 30�e muxli ganamtkicebs,

rom ̀ am deklaraciaSi araferi ar unda ganimartos ise, rogorc romelime

saxelmwifosaTvis, pirTa jgufisa Tu calkeuli pirebisaTvis uflebis

miniWeba, raTa ganaxorcielon iseTi saqmianoba, an moqmedeba, romelic

mimarTuli iqneba am deklaraciaSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa da Tavisufle�

baTa gasabaTileblad.~ msgavs debulebebs vxvdebiT adamianis uflebaTa

dacvis sferoSi moqmed zemoT miTiTebul instrumentebsa da adamianis

uflebaTa sferoSi moqmed sxva saerTaSoriso aqtebSic.

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi moqmedi saerTaSoriso aqtebis

simravle da is mniSvneloba, romelic ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmav�

lobaSi eniWeba am aqtebs, metyvelebs imaze, rom ar SeiZleba saTanadod

ar Sefasdes adamianis uflebebis gavlena saxelmwifo suverenitetze.

naTelia, rom ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze mimdinareobs àdamia�

nis uflebebis internacionalizacia,~ ris Sedegadac saxelmwifos mxri�

dan adamianebisadmi mopyroba aRar eqceva eqskluziurad saxelmwifos

iurisdiqciaSi,35 vinaidan Tanamedrove msoflioSi `saerTaSoriso Ta�

namegobrobas gaaCnia interesi, `daicvas... adamianis uflebebi, miuxe�

davad saxelmwifo sazRvrebisa.~36 ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze

saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba aRar egueba adamianis uflebebis sastik

darRvevebs da miiCnevs, rom am darRvevebisaTvis saxelmwifoebs pasux�

ismgebloba saerTaSoriso doneze ekisrebaT.

3.3 Teoriebi, romlebic asabuTeben adamianis uflebaTa

prioritets saxelmwifo suverenitetTan mimarTebiT

saerTaSoriso samarTlis doqtrinaSi aqtiurad Cndeba Teoriebi,

romlebic adamianis uflebaTa sasargeblod saxelmwifo suverenite�

35 L. B. Sohn & T. Buergenthal, International Protection of Human Rights (1973), gv. 587�93, 672�89. (ix. J. Mertus, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 1772).

36 iqve.

203


tis Sesustebas asabuTeben. es Teoriebi suverenitets `ganixilaven ara

rogorc koncefcias, romelic gamiznulia saxelmwifo xelisuflebis

qmedebebis gamarTlebisTvis, aramed rogorc funqciur koncefcias,

romelic emsaxureba adamianis fundamenturi bunebiTi uflebebis

dacvas.~37 am Teoriebis Tanaxmad, adamianis uflebebs aqvs central�

uri mniSvneloba da adgili, romlis irgvlivac mTeli saerTaSoriso

samarTalia aSenebuli. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes erT�er�

Ti yvelaze aRiarebuli ùflebaze uaris Tqmis Teoria~ (waiver theory). am Teoriis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT suverenitetiT miniWe�

buli uflebebiTa da privilegiebiT isargeblon mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac isini keTilsindisierad asruleben saerTaSoriso valdebule�

bebs, xolo Tu saxelmwifo uxeSad arRvevs maT, magaliTad, adamianis

uflebebis dacvis sferoSi, maSin mas aRar SeuZlia suverenitetiT uz�

runvelyofili dacviT sargebloba, vinaidan miiCneva, rom Tu Tavisi

qmedebebiT saxelmwifo uars ambobs sakuTar valdebulebebze, amiT igi

uars ambobs sakuTar uflebebzec.38

kidev erTi gavrcelebuli midgoma, romlis meSveobiTac adamianis

uflebaTa damcvelebi cdiloben daasabuTon adamianis uflebebis pri�

oriteti saxelmwifo suverenitetTan mimarTebiT, efuZneba Tavdacvis

institutTan paralelebis moZiebas. tesonis39 mtkicebiT, saxelmwifo�

Ta Tavdacvis ufleba, sxva saxelmwifos mier masze ganxorcielebuli

Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi, efuZneba movaleobas, `daicvas sakuTari subi�

eqtebis uflebebi, maSasadame, individTa, rogorc ucxouri agresiis

msxverplTa, uflebebi.~40 ìm SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mTavrobebi axorcie�

leben adamianis uflebebis masobriv darRvevebs, isini zians ayeneben

sakuTar saerTaSoriso legitimurobas da aseTi saxelmwifo suvereni�

37 F. Gilles Sourgens, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 467.38 W. M. Reisman, Nullity and Revision, 1971, gv. 666- 67; M. A. Meyers, A Defense of Unilateral or

Multi-Lateral Intervention Where a Violation of International Human Rights Law by a State Constitutes an Implied Waiver of Sovereignty, 3 Ilsa Journal of International and Comparative Law 895, 1997, gv. 901�07.

39 amerikeli mecnieri, romelsac didi wvlili miuZRvis humanitaruli intervenciis doqtri�nis ganviTarebaSi. am sferoSi misi erT�erTi mniSvnelovani naSromia Humanitarian Interven-tion: An Inquiry Ito Law And Morality (Transnational Publishers, 1st ed. 1988; 2nd ed. 1997; 3rd ed. 2005).

40 F. R. Teson, Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry Into Law And Morality, 1988, gv. 113 (R. Mahalin-gam, The Compatibility Of The Principle Of Nonintervention With The Right Of Humanitarian Interven-tion, 1 UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs 221, 1996, gv. 236).

204

nino ruxaZe

teti mfarvelobiTa da dacviT veRar isargeblebs. aqedan gamomdinare,

adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebi amtkiceben, rom saxelmwifos aqvs in�

tervenciis ufleba maSin, rodesac sxva saxelmwifoSi uxeSad irRveva

adamianis uflebebi, adamianis uflebebis dacva ki saerTaSoriso samar�

Tlis WeSmariti mowodebaa.~41

4. saxelmwifo suvereniteti da adamianis uflebebi rogorc urTierTTavsebadi samarTlebrivi kategoriebi

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo suvereniteti da adami�

anis uflebebi ganixileba rogorc dapirispirebuli principebi maSin,

rodesac erT�erTi maTganis absoluturi dacva uciloblad iwvevs meo�

ris Seviwroebas.

sazogadoebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze am problemis gadawyve�

tas sxvadasxva faqtori ganapirobebda; civi omis periodSi aseTi faq�

tori@ nacionaluri sazRvrebis, teritoriuli mTlianobisa da saxelm�

wifo institutebis erTianobis usafrTxoebis~42 dacvis interesebi da,

Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo suverenitetis xelSeuxeblobis uzenaesoba iyo;

civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg adamianis uflebebis sakiTxis win wamow�

evam axali simwvave SesZina debatebs, romlebic saxelmwifo suverenite�

tis èrozias~ exeboda.

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis Teoriisa da praqtikis winaSe

calsaxad wamoiWra sakiTxi _ SesaZlebelia Tu ara saxelmwifo suvereni�

tetisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvis principebis Tanaarseboba ise,

rom erTis dacva ar iwvevdes meoris darRvevas? pozitiuri samarTlis

Tanaxmad, am kiTxvaze pasuxi erTmniSvnelovnad dadebiTia _ saxelmwifo

suverenitetis xelSeuxeblobis principi da adamianis uflebebi unda

ganixilebodes ara mxolod rogorc Tavsebadi, aramed urTierTSemavse�

beli. es kavSiri TiToeuli maTganis ukeT funqcionirebas uwyobs xels.

gaero aRiarebs am principebs, rogorc TanabarmniSvnelovans da ar

miiCnevs romelime maTgans prioritetulad. saxelmwifo suverenitetis

xelSeuxebloba ar unda iyos gamoyenebuli farad adamianis uflebebis

41 R. Mahalingam, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 236.42 P. Upadhyaya, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 75.

205


darRvevisas, iseve rogorc adamianis uflebebis dacva ar unda emuqre�

bodes saxelmwifo suverenitetis simyares.

saxelmwifo suvereniteti, warmodgenili pozitiur samarTalSi, maT

Soris gaeros wesdebaSi, aris ara adamianis uflebebis Semlaxavi prin�

cipi, aramed adamianis uflebebis dacvis garanti. gaeros daarsebis

dRidan pozitiuri samarTali ar aRiarebs absolutur da SeuzRudav

suverenitets. civi omis Semdgom periodSi saerTaSoriso arenaze ada�

mianis uflebebis dacvis problemis aqtiuri warmoCena ar ukavSirdeba

cvlilebebs pozitiur samarTalSi. adamianis uflebebis dacvis sfero�

Si moqmedi samarTlebrivi standartebi da garantiebi ZiriTadad civi

omis periodiT TariRdeba, Tumca politikuri neba da mzaoba, maTTvis

kuTvnili mniSvnelobis miniWeba da saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxri�

dan maT Sesrulebaze aqtiuri monitoringis ganxorcieleba momxdariyo,

civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg gaCnda.

is garemoeba, rom civi omis periodSi aqcenti saxelmwifo suvereni�

tetis xelSeuxeblobis uzrunvelyofaze keTdeboda, ar unda ganvixi�

loT rogorc pozitiuri samarTlis mocemuloba; xolo is faqti, rom

civi omis dasrulebis Semdgom saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobam sagrZno�

blad gaaZliera da gaaaqtiura Zalisxmeva adamianis uflebebis dacvis

kuTxiT, ar mianiSnebs imaze, rom pozitiurma samarTalma moaxdina ada�

mianis uflebebis dacvis regulirebis gamkacreba saxelmwifo suvereni�

tetis SezRudvis xarjze.

gaeros wesdebiT gamyarebuli saxelmwifo suverenitetis reJimi ada�

mianis uflebebTan mimarTebiT relatiur xasiaTs atarebs,43 rac gu�

lisxmobs imas, rom saxelmwifo suverenitetis xelSeuxebloba, romelic

gaeros wesdebiT aris ganmtkicebuli, saboloo jamSi, emsaxureba ara

TavisTavad saxelmwifosa da saxelmwifo xelisuflebis interesebs, ar�

amed am teritoriaze mcxovrebi pirebis interesebs.44

zemoT Tqmuli ise ar unda ganimartos, TiTqos adamianis uflebebi

ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre saxelmwifo suvereniteti.45 saxelmwifo

suvereniteti kvlavac rCeba saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da, zogadad,

saerTaSoriso sistemis sayrden boZad. saxelmwifo suvereniteti saer�

43 H. Stacy, Relational Sovereignty, Stanford Law Review 55, 2003, gv. 2045. 44 iqve.45 J. Shen, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 435.

206

nino ruxaZe

TaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis, maT Soris adamianis uflebebisa

da Tavisuflebebis dacvis mTavari garantia.

gaeros wesdebisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis sxva fundamenturi

aqtebis analizis Sedegad mivdivarT daskvnamde, rom am aqtebis avtorebi

saxelmwifo suverenitets xalxTa TviTgamorkvevis uflebis realizebis

aucilebel winapirobad ganixilaven. yoveli meqanizmis ukan, romlebic

SeimuSava saerTaSoriso samarTalma saxelmwifo suverenitetis xel�

Seuxeblobisa da saxelmwifo damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad, dgas

erTi idea _ ar unda ganxorcieldes saxelmwifos Tavisuflebisa da

damoukideblobis xelyofa, raTa ar moxdes mis teritoriaze mcxovrebi

pirebis `Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis Selaxva.~46

saxelmwifo inarCunebs mTavar rols politikuri, ekonomikuri sta�

bilurobis, adamianTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi, suvereni�

teti ki saxelmwifos normaluri funqcionirebis aucilebeli pirobaa.

saxelmwifos meSveobiT eri axorcielebs sakuTari èrovnuli kul�

turis, tradiciebisa da specifikuri Rirebulebebisa Tu interesebis

SenarCuneba�dacvas.~47 saxelmwifo suverenitetis ZaliT, saxelmwifoebi

adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moqmed saerTaSoriso aqtebs erovnuli

Rirebulebebisa da interesebis prizmaSi atareben da amkvidreben sa�

kuTar kulturasTan, TviTmyofadobasTan Tavsebad standartebs, rac

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, raTa ar moxdes sxva saxelmwifos mier

adamianis uflebebis maTeburi interpretaciis Tavs moxveva.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeuzRudavi saxelmwifo suvereniteti

safrTxes uqmnis adamianTa uflebebis dacvas, xolo dasustebuli sax�

elmwifo suvereniteti saerTaSoriso anarqiis safrTxis Semcvelia,

rac, pirvel rigSi, negatiurad aisaxeba adamianis uflebaTa dacvaze,

radgan `...adamianis uflebebis grZeli CamonaTvali litoni sityvebia

samarTlebrivi da politikuri wesrigis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi,~48

ris garantadac saxelmwifo gvevlineba. `Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso

46 1970 wlis deklaracia.47 Iv. Simonovic, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 170.48 M. A. Glendon, The Rule of Law in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Northwestern Univer-

sity Journal of International Human Rights 5, gv. 1; ix.: [http://www.law.northwestern.edu] (2004), (ix. G. L. McDowell and S. B. Presser, At Century’s Dawn: The Future and Past of Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Foreword: Human Rights, The Rule Of Law, And National Sovereignty, Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights 2, 2004, gv. 14).

207


iuristebis didma nawilma daiviwya, an amjobina, ignorireba gaekeTebina

im faqtisaTvis, rom, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklara�

ciis avtorebs miaCniaT, `kanonis uzenaesobis uzrunvelyofa erovnul

doneze saukeTeso da garantirebuli samarTlebrivi saSualebaa ada�

mianis uflebebis dasacavad.~49 sxva sityvebiT: `...suvereniteti... aris

aucilebeli safuZveli adamianis uflebebis dacvisaTvis.~50

aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom saerTaSoriso

samarTlis miznebis Sesasruleblad da misaRwevad aucilebelia saer�

TaSoriso samarTlis aRniSnuli principebis dabalansebuli moqmedeba:

adamianis uflebebi ar unda gaxdes sababi saxelmwifo suverenitetis

xelSeuxeblobis darRvevisTvis da piriqiT, adamianis uflebebis maso�

brivi darRvevebi ar SeiZleba darCes reagirebis gareSe saerTaSoriso

Tanamegobrobis mxridan saxelmwifosTvis suverenitetiT miniWebuli

dacvis gamo. ar SeiZleba moxdes erTi principis ignorireba meore prin�

cipis xarjze _ orive saerTaSoriso samarTlis fundamenturi prin�

cipia, orives mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs im saerTo saqmeSi, rasac

saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa hqvia da rac

saerTaSoriso samarTlis mTavari sazrunvia.

5. daskvna

civi omis dasrulebiT iwyeba axali epoqa saerTaSoriso urTierTo�

bebis istoriaSi: xdeba saxelmwifoze orientirebuli sistemis adami�

anze orientirebul sistemad transformireba. am cvlilebebis fonze

SeiniSneba saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis gaaqtiureba adamianis ufle�

bebis masobrivi da uxeSi darRvevebis winaaRmdeg. civi omis periodSi

saerTaSoriso mSvidobis safrTxis Semcveli dapirispirebebis Tavidan

acilebis mizniT, saxelmwifoebi atarebdnen erTmaneTisgan maqsimal�

uri distancirebis politikas. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo suverenitetis

xelSeuxebloba iyo principi, romelzec keTdeboda ZiriTadi aqcenti

saxelmwifoebs Soris urTierTobebSi. aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo

suvereniteti xSirad warmoCenili iyo rogorc adamianis uflebebis

49 iqve, gv. 28 (ix. G. L. McDowell and Stephen B. Presser, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 19).50 G.L. McDowell and S. B. Presser, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 19.

208

nino ruxaZe

damrRvevi saxelmwifoebis damcavi meqanizmi, romelic xels uSlida

saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobas, zedamxedveloba ganexorcielebina da

zemoqmedeba moexdina adamianis uflebebis masobriv da uxeS darRveve�

bze. Sesabamisad, warmoiSva midgoma, romelic saerTaSoriso samarTlis

am or princips ganixilavs rogorc urTierTdapirispirebulT.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis fundamenturi aqtebis analizisas SeiZle�

ba gakeTdes daskvna, rom pozitiuri samarTali araTu ar moiazrebs

saxelmwifo suverenitetisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvis principebs

urTierTdapirispirebul kategoriebad, aramed maT urTierTSemavsebel

samarTlebriv principebad ganixilavs. gaeros wesdebasa da saerTaSor�

iso samarTlis sxva fundamentur dokumentebSi ganmtkicebuli saxelm�

wifo suverenitetis xelSeuxeblobis principi ver Seasrulebs faris

funqcias, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saxelmwifos mier ada�

mianis uflebebis masobrivi darRvevebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan

asarideblad. metic, saxelmwifo suvereniteti adamianTa TviTgamorkve�

vis uflebis realizebis aucilebeli winapirobaa, vinaidan adamianis

uflebebis, ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacvis, politikuri, ekonomi�

kuri da socialuri stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis, aseve kulturuli

da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis yvelaze efeqturi garanti

saxelmwifoa. amave dros, saxelmwifo suverenitetic efuZneba adami�

anTa TviTgamorkvevis uflebas, vinaidan, gaeros 1970 wlis deklaraciis

Tanaxmad, `yoveli saxelmwifo movalea, Tavi Seikavos yovelgvari Zal�

momreobiTi moqmedebisagan, romelic... xalxebs arTmevs TviTgamorkve�

vis uflebas,~ da `xalxebs, romlebic cdiloben ganaxorcielon Tavisi

TviTgamorkvevis ufleba, SeuZliaT, gaerTianebuli erebis organiza�

ciis wesdebis miznebisa da principebis Sesabamisad, moiTxovon da mi�

iRon mxardaWera amgvari ZalmomreobiTi zomebisaTvis... winaaRmdegobis

gawevaSi.~

209

legalizebuli mkvleloba

nino farsadaniSvili

1. Sesavali

Tanamedrove sazogadoeba sul ufro metad cdilobs, Seqmnas efeq�

tiani meqanizmi adamianis uflebaTa dasacavad. es ar aris gasakviri,

radganac nebismieri demokratiuli saxelmwifos ganviTareba adamia�

nis ZiriTad uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis gareSe warmoudgene�TavisuflebaTa dacvis gareSe warmoudgene� dacvis gareSe warmoudgene�

lia, rac gamoixateba imiT, rom saxelmwifoebma scades am metad mniS�

vnelovani sakiTxis saerTaSoriso doneze mowesrigeba. amis dasturia

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia da mravali sxva saerTaSoriso

xelSekruleba, romelnic daido konvenciis miRebis Semdeg. marTalia, es

dokumentebi icaven adamianis uflebebs, magram sainteresoa, Tu ramde�

nad vrceldeba rogorc saerTaSoriso meqanizmebiT, aseve saxelmwifoTa

Sida kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili dacvis garantiebi fetusis sicocxlis

uflebaze. moiazreba Tu ara fetusi cocxal arsebad? rogori Sedegi

aqvs abortis legalizacias? an, zogadad, rogori kvalifikacia eZleva

dedis mier abortis gakeTebas saxelmwifoTa Sida instanciis sasamarT�

loebis mier? aqvs Tu ara dedas abortis gakeTebis ufleba? arRvevs

Tu ara fetusis sicocxlis aRiareba dedis fundamentur uflebebs?

am da kidev mraval sxva msgavs kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad winamdebare

statiaSi mimoxilulia ramdenime saxelmwifos Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo

aqtebi da sasamarTlo praqtika. saxelmwifoebi dayofilia evropul

da araevropul saxelmwifoebad. evropuli saxelmwifoebidan statiaSi

aisaxa germaniis, safrangeTis, avstriis, niderlandebis, daniisa da saqa�niderlandebis, daniisa da saqa� daniisa da saqa�

rTvelos praqtika, xolo araevropul saxelmwifoTa poziciis warmo�araevropul saxelmwifoTa poziciis warmo� saxelmwifoTa poziciis warmo�

saCenad gamoyenebulia kanadis, aSS�isa da samxreT afrikis midgoma. rac

Seexeba fetusis uflebis aRiarebis Sedegad dedis uflebaTa darRve�fetusis uflebis aRiarebis Sedegad dedis uflebaTa darRve� uflebis aRiarebis Sedegad dedis uflebaTa darRve�

210

nino farsadaniSvili

vas, am mxriv statiaSi paralelebia gavlebuli evropuli konvenciis me�2

muxlis darRveviT gamowveul im me�8 da me�10 muxlebis darRvevasTan,

romelnic asaxaven evropuli sasamarTlosa da evropuli komisiis, iseve

rogorc gaeros qalTa winaaRmdeg diskriminaciis akrZalvis komitetis

pozicias. vinaidan fetusis sicocxlis ufleba im kategoriis sakiTxebs

miekuTvneba, romelTanac gansxvavebuli midgoma aqvT religias, medici�

nasa da samarTals, statiaSi sakmao adgili eTmoba am problemis relig�

iur da samedicino xedvas. statiaSi aseve gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

aqvs daTmobili saqarTveloSi arsebul demografiul mdgomareobas da

imas, rom eri ar axalgazrdavdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, saxelmwifoebriv

doneze moiTxovs mowesrigebas.

2. Zaladobis msxverpli fetusi

marTalia, aSS�is Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba da sasamarTlo praqtika

statiis Semdeg TavSic aris ganxiluli, magram, radganac is konkre�

tulad pasuxobs SesavalSi dasmul kiTxvebs, upriania, naSromis zogad

nawilSic iqnes mimoxiluli xsenebuli sakiTxisadmi am saxelmwifos mid�

gomis Sesaxeb.

aSS�Si 2004 wlis 20 ianvars miiRes aqti Zaladobis jerarSobili msx� 2004 wlis 20 ianvars miiRes aqti Zaladobis jerarSobili msx� wlis 20 ianvars miiRes aqti Zaladobis jerarSobili msx�wlis 20 ianvars miiRes aqti Zaladobis jerarSobili msx�arSobili msx� msx�

verplis Sesaxeb,1 romlis 1841�e seqciis 1�li punqtis Sesabamisad, is�1�li punqtis Sesabamisad, is� punqtis Sesabamisad, is�

jeba nebismieri piri, romelic zians miayenebs an moklavs dedis sxeulSi

myof Canasaxs.2 amave aqtis me�2 punqtis Sesabamisad ki, aseTi qmedeba

damoukidebeli danaSaulia. is iseTive danaSaulia, rogoric Canasaxis

dedis mkvleloba an misTvis zianis miyeneba.3

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is, rom Zaladobis jerarSobili msxver�

plis Sesaxeb aqti, saTauridan gamomdinare, sul sxva Sinaarsis matare�

blad aRiqmeba _ Seicavs punqts, romelic piris pasuxismgeblobisagan

gaTavisuflebas iTvaliswinebs, Tu misi qmedeba ganxorcieldeba4: a)

dedis TanxmobiT an im adamianis TanxmobiT, romelic, kanonis Sesabam�

1 Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004, One Hundred Eighth Congress of the United States of Amer-ica, ix. [http://news.findlaw.com].

2 iqve, section 1841, para.1.3 iqve, para. 2.4 iqve, section 1841, subpara. C, para 1-2.

211


isad, uflebamosilia, imoqmedos fexmZime qalis saxeliT; b)samedicino

aucileblobidan gamomdinare, dedisaTvis an SvilisaTvis safrTxis ar�

sebobis SemTxvevaSi.

unda aRiniSnos, rom sapatiod SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod es uka�uka�

naskaneli SemTxveva, rameTu dedis sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba

TavisTavad gadadis nayofzec da, Sesabamisad, unda moxdes erT�erTis

gadarCena, Torem sxva SemTxvevaSi adamiani ganzrax miayenebs fetuss

zians Tu dedis TanxmobiT, amas aranairi arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar gaaC�

nia CanasaxisTvis, radgan is mainc Zaladobis msxverpli xdeba.

3. aris Tu ara Canasaxi cocxali adamiani?

aSS�is kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, ufro zustad ki, Zaladobis jer� kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, ufro zustad ki, Zaladobis jer�

arSobili msxverplis Sesaxeb 2004 wlis aqtis mixedviT, jerarSobili

bavSvi niSnavs bavSvs dedis wiaRSi, xolo dedis wiaRSi myofi bavSvi

niSnavs homo sapiens-is saxeobis wevrs, ganviTarebis nebismier etapze.5

aRsaniSnavia, rom samxreT karolinis umaRlesma sasamarTlom mxari dau�

Wira im fexmZime qalebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs, romlebic orsulobis

periodSi iyenebdnen narkotikul saSualebebs, rameTu fetusi aris pirovne�fetusi aris pirovne� aris pirovne�

ba, „persona“, romelzec vrceldeba Statis bavSvTa dacvis kanonmdebloba.6

4. abortis legalizacia

1973 wlis aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saqmeSi _ Roe v. Wade _ daad�

gina, rom qalebs aqvT abortis gakeTebis ufleba, ris gamoc mSobiarobis

xelovnurad Sewyvetis msurvelTa ricxvma sagrZnoblad imata, Tumca 1980

wlisaTvis monacemebi erT niSnulze SeCerda, Semdeg ki kleba daiwyo.7

1990 wels abortebis saerTo raodenobam 1,6 milions miaRwia, xolo

2004 wlisaTvis is 1,2 milions Seadgenda.8

5 Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004, section 1841, subpara. d.6 LEWIN T. Abuse Laws Cover Fetus, a High Court Rules, in The New York Times, October 30, 1997,

special edition, ix. [http://www.nytimes.com].7 Number Of Abortions Continues To Slide, ix. [http://www.4029tv.com].8 iqve.

212

nino farsadaniSvili

mecnierTa kvlevebiT, mSobiarobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis msurvelTa

absoluturi umravlesoba 20�24 wlamde asakis qalbatonebi arian, ma�20�24 wlamde asakis qalbatonebi arian, ma� wlamde asakis qalbatonebi arian, ma�

Tze umcrosebis mxolod 7% ikeTebs aborts.9 Cveulebriv, ufro xSirad

aborts ikeTeben dauqorwinebeli qalebi.

sainteresoa aseve statistikuri monacemebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu

romeli eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgeneli qalbatonebi ikeTeben ufro

xSirad aborts:10

TeTrkaniani yoveli 1000�dan _ 11

laTinoamerikeli yoveli 1000�dan _ 28

Savkaniani yoveli 1000�dan _ 50

5. evropul saxelmwifoTa samarTali

evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika vinaidan ixreba imisaken, rom fe� sasamarTlos praqtika vinaidan ixreba imisaken, rom fe�sasamarTlos praqtika vinaidan ixreba imisaken, rom fe� praqtika vinaidan ixreba imisaken, rom fe�praqtika vinaidan ixreba imisaken, rom fe� vinaidan ixreba imisaken, rom fe�vinaidan ixreba imisaken, rom fe� ixreba imisaken, rom fe�ixreba imisaken, rom fe� imisaken, rom fe�imisaken, rom fe� rom fe�rom fe� fe�

tusisTvis fizikuri piris statusis miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi�fizikuri piris statusis miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi� piris statusis miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi�piris statusis miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi� statusis miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi�statusis miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi� miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi�miniWeba arRvevs wevr saxelmwi� arRvevs wevr saxelmwi�arRvevs wevr saxelmwi� wevr saxelmwi�saxelmwi�

foTa Sida samarTals, rameTu evropuli konvenciis interpretaciisas

maT gamoricxes me�2 muxlis gavrceleba fetusze da dacva mxolod ukve

dabadebul adamianze gaavrceles, sainteresoa mimoxilul iqnes ramden� adamianze gaavrceles, sainteresoa mimoxilul iqnes ramden�adamianze gaavrceles, sainteresoa mimoxilul iqnes ramden� gaavrceles, sainteresoa mimoxilul iqnes ramden�gaavrceles, sainteresoa mimoxilul iqnes ramden� sainteresoa mimoxilul iqnes ramden�sainteresoa mimoxilul iqnes ramden� mimoxilul iqnes ramden�mimoxilul iqnes ramden� iqnes ramden�iqnes ramden� ramden�ramden�

ime saxelmwifos kanonmdebloba aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.

5.1. germania

germaniis iurisprudenciis Sesabamisad, fetusi ar sargeblobs fizi� iurisprudenciis Sesabamisad, fetusi ar sargeblobs fizi�iurisprudenciis Sesabamisad, fetusi ar sargeblobs fizi� Sesabamisad, fetusi ar sargeblobs fizi�Sesabamisad, fetusi ar sargeblobs fizi� fetusi ar sargeblobs fizi�ar sargeblobs fizi� sargeblobs fizi�sargeblobs fizi� fizi�fizi�

kuri piris statusiT. 1983 wlis 22 aprils germaniis federalurma

uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganixila saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims das� sasamarTlom ganixila saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims das�sasamarTlom ganixila saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims das� ganixila saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims das�ganixila saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims das� saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims das�saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims das� romlis mixedviT, or eqims das�romlis mixedviT, or eqims das� or eqims das�or eqims das� eqims das�eqims das� das�das�

des brali daudevrobiT adamianis sikvdilSi, radganac maT SecdomiT

dausves diagnozi 9 Tvis orsuls, romelsac dauniSnes mkurnalobis

kursi spazmebis mosaxsnelad, arada es spazmebi mSobiarobis dawyebis

maniSnebeli iyo.11 mkurnalobis arasworma kursma gamoiwvia nayofis da�mkurnalobis arasworma kursma gamoiwvia nayofis da� arasworma kursma gamoiwvia nayofis da�arasworma kursma gamoiwvia nayofis da� kursma gamoiwvia nayofis da�kursma gamoiwvia nayofis da� gamoiwvia nayofis da�gamoiwvia nayofis da� nayofis da�nayofis da� da�da�

9 iqve.10 iqve.11 BGHSt, 31, 348. cit. The Laws of Member States of the Council of Europe, ix. internetgverdze:

[http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

213


Rupva. sasamarTlom aRniSna,12 rom fetusi dacviT sargeblobs mxolod

222�e seqciis Sesabamisad, im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar� seqciis Sesabamisad, im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar�seqciis Sesabamisad, im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar� Sesabamisad, im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar�Sesabamisad, im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar� im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar�im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar� momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar�momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar� rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar�rogorc ki daiwyeba mSobiar� ki daiwyeba mSobiar�ki daiwyeba mSobiar� daiwyeba mSobiar�daiwyeba mSobiar� mSobiar�mSobiar�

oba. iqamde nayofze vrceldeba abortis mxolod is normebi, romlebic

sjis ganzrax da aragaufrTxilebel aqtebs.13

1988 wlis 29 ivliss germaniis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom msgavs

saqmeze zustad igive argumentebi gamoiyena.14 amave mimarTulebiT vi�amave mimarTulebiT vi� mimarTulebiT vi�mimarTulebiT vi� vi�vi�

Tardeba qveda instanciebis sasamarTloTa praqtikac.15

germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1�li seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa� samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1�li seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa�samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1�li seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa� kodeqsis 1�li seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa�kodeqsis 1�li seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa� 1�li seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa�1�li seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa� seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa�seqciis Sesabamisad, piris Sesa� Sesabamisad, piris Sesa�Sesabamisad, piris Sesa� piris Sesa�piris Sesa� Sesa�Sesa�

Zlebloba, gamoiyenos uflebebi, iwyeba dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa� gamoiyenos uflebebi, iwyeba dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa�gamoiyenos uflebebi, iwyeba dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa� uflebebi, iwyeba dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa�uflebebi, iwyeba dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa� iwyeba dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa�iwyeba dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa� dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa�dabadebidan. germanuli samoqa� germanuli samoqa�germanuli samoqa� samoqa�samoqa�

laqo kanonmdebloba aRiarebs daubadebeli arsebis uflebas, moiTxo� kanonmdebloba aRiarebs daubadebeli arsebis uflebas, moiTxo�kanonmdebloba aRiarebs daubadebeli arsebis uflebas, moiTxo� aRiarebs daubadebeli arsebis uflebas, moiTxo�aRiarebs daubadebeli arsebis uflebas, moiTxo� daubadebeli arsebis uflebas, moiTxo�arsebis uflebas, moiTxo� uflebas, moiTxo�uflebas, moiTxo� moiTxo�moiTxo�

vos im zianis anazRaureba, romelic muclad yofnis dros ganicada,

mxolod maSin, rodesac is cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx� maSin, rodesac is cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx�maSin, rodesac is cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx� rodesac is cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx�rodesac is cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx� is cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx�is cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx� cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx�cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx� datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx�datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTx� dedis sxeuls. im SemTx�dedis sxeuls. im SemTx� sxeuls. im SemTx�sxeuls. im SemTx� im SemTx�im SemTx� SemTx�SemTx�

vevaSi, rodesac fetusi dabadebamde mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miy� rodesac fetusi dabadebamde mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miy�rodesac fetusi dabadebamde mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miy� fetusi dabadebamde mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miy�dabadebamde mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miy� mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miy�mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miy� misi saxeliT misTvis miy�misi saxeliT misTvis miy� saxeliT misTvis miy�saxeliT misTvis miy� misTvis miy�misTvis miy� miy�miy�

enebuli zianis anazRaurebis moTxovna kanoniT ar aris nebadarTuli.16

5.2. safrangeTi

safrangeTis sakasacio sasamarTlom VO-s da msgavs saqmeebSi aRniSna,

rom mkvleloba ar SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes jerarSobili fetusis mimarT.

pirveli saqme, romelic miRebul iqna warmoebaSi 2001 wlis 29

ivniss, Seexeboda saavtomobilo SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da mg� Seexeboda saavtomobilo SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da mg�Seexeboda saavtomobilo SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da mg� saavtomobilo SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da mg�saavtomobilo SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da mg� SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da mg�SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da mg� sadac mZRolebma da mg�sadac mZRolebma da mg� mZRolebma da mg�mZRolebma da mg� da mg�da mg� mg�mg�

zavrebma miiRes dazianebebi. maT Soris imyofeboda 6 Tvis fexmZime

qalbatoni, romelsac mkvdari bavSvi gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas� romelsac mkvdari bavSvi gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas�romelsac mkvdari bavSvi gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas� mkvdari bavSvi gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas�mkvdari bavSvi gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas� bavSvi gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas�bavSvi gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas� gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas�gauCnda. gamokvlevebma daadas� gamokvlevebma daadas�gamokvlevebma daadas� daadas�daadas�

tura, rom fetusis sikvdili pirdapir gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava� rom fetusis sikvdili pirdapir gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava�rom fetusis sikvdili pirdapir gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava� fetusis sikvdili pirdapir gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava�sikvdili pirdapir gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava� pirdapir gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava�pirdapir gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava� gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava�gamowveuli iyo momxdari ava� iyo momxdari ava�iyo momxdari ava� momxdari ava�momxdari ava� ava�ava�

riiT. sasamarTlom ar mianiWa fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr� sasamarTlom ar mianiWa fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr�sasamarTlom ar mianiWa fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr� ar mianiWa fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr�ar mianiWa fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr� mianiWa fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr�mianiWa fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr� fetuss fizikuri piris statusi safr�fizikuri piris statusi safr� piris statusi safr�piris statusi safr� statusi safr�statusi safr� safr�safr�

angeTis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. safrangeTis

precedentuli samarTali am kuTxiT ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu�samarTali am kuTxiT ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu� am kuTxiT ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu�am kuTxiT ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu� kuTxiT ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu�kuTxiT ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu� ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu�ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebu� myarad aris Camoyalibebu�myarad aris Camoyalibebu� aris Camoyalibebu�aris Camoyalibebu� Camoyalibebu�Camoyalibebu�

li.17

12 iqve.13 Sec. 222 StGB (providing “Who negligently causes the death of a person will be punished by up to

five years [imprisonment] or by a monetary fine.”).14 BVerfGE NJW 1988, 2945. 15 ix. OLG Bamberg NJW 1988, 2963 and OLG Karlsruhe MDR 1984, 686.16 ix, e.g., German Federal Supreme Court (1972) BGHZ 58, 48; BGH NJW 1985, 1390. 17 ix, e.g., Grégoire Loiseau, “Histoire d’une vie volée: le foetus n’est pas une personne,” DROIT ET PATRI-

MOINE novembre 2001, chron. Droits des personnes, p.99 (summarizing the 2001 case). cit. The Laws of Member States of the Council of Europe, ix. internet gverdze: [http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

214

nino farsadaniSvili

sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba SesabamisobaSi modioda saf�sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba SesabamisobaSi modioda saf� gadawyvetileba SesabamisobaSi modioda saf�gadawyvetileba SesabamisobaSi modioda saf� SesabamisobaSi modioda saf�SesabamisobaSi modioda saf� modioda saf�modioda saf� saf�saf�

rangeTis kanonmdeblobasTan, romelic erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kon� kanonmdeblobasTan, romelic erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kon�kanonmdeblobasTan, romelic erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kon� romelic erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kon�romelic erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kon� erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kon�erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kon� ganasxvavebs kon�ganasxvavebs kon� kon�kon�

cefcias _ `homo sapiensis~ modgmis warmomadgeneli da fizikuri piri.

Human being _ adamianuri arseba aris biologiuri cneba da adamianuri

arsebebi, igulisxmebian, rom arseboben sicocxlis dasawyisidan, Tumca

jer ar miRweula mtkice SeTanxmeba imaze, Tu rodidan iwyeba sicocxle;

meore mxriv, fizikuri piri aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi� mxriv, fizikuri piri aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi�mxriv, fizikuri piri aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi� fizikuri piri aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi�fizikuri piri aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi� piri aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi�piri aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi� aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi�aris samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi� samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi�samarTlebrivi termini. cneba `fizi� termini. cneba `fizi�termini. cneba `fizi� cneba `fizi�cneba `fizi� `fizi�`fizi�

kuri piri~ aris iseTi samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo� piri~ aris iseTi samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo�piri~ aris iseTi samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo� aris iseTi samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo�aris iseTi samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo� iseTi samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo�iseTi samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo� samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo�samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo� kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo�kategoria, romlis uflebebi mo� romlis uflebebi mo�romlis uflebebi mo� uflebebi mo�uflebebi mo� mo�mo�

qmedebas iwyebs dabadebidan. safrangeTis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba

gamyarebulia frangi mecnierebis mier, romlebic amtkiceben, rom gan� frangi mecnierebis mier, romlebic amtkiceben, rom gan�frangi mecnierebis mier, romlebic amtkiceben, rom gan� mier, romlebic amtkiceben, rom gan�mier, romlebic amtkiceben, rom gan� romlebic amtkiceben, rom gan�romlebic amtkiceben, rom gan� amtkiceben, rom gan�amtkiceben, rom gan� rom gan�rom gan� gan�gan�

sxvaveba adamianur arsebasa da fizikur pirs Soris Camoyalibebulia

safrangeTis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobaSi.18

fizikuri piris franguli gageba gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde� piris franguli gageba gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde�piris franguli gageba gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde� franguli gageba gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde�franguli gageba gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde� gageba gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde�gageba gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde� gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde�gamyarebulia Sida kanonmde� Sida kanonmde�Sida kanonmde� kanonmde�kanonmde�

blobis ori kanoniT, romlebsac „bioeTikuri kanonebi“ ewodebaT.

xsenebuli kanonebi miiRes 1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe� kanonebi miiRes 1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe�kanonebi miiRes 1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe� miiRes 1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe�miiRes 1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe� 1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe�1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe� wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe�wels. pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe� pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe�pirveli Seexeba adamianis sxe� Seexeba adamianis sxe�Seexeba adamianis sxe� adamianis sxe�adamianis sxe� sxe�sxe�

ulis elementebis donaciasa da gamoyenebas, samedicino daxmarebas

da diagnostikas; meore ki Seexeba adamianis sxeulis pativiscemas.

orive kanoni eyrdnoba gansxvavebas adamianad yofnasa `être humain“, romelic sicocxlis dasawyisidan aris pativisa da Rirsebis matare� sicocxlis dasawyisidan aris pativisa da Rirsebis matare�sicocxlis dasawyisidan aris pativisa da Rirsebis matare� dasawyisidan aris pativisa da Rirsebis matare�dasawyisidan aris pativisa da Rirsebis matare� aris pativisa da Rirsebis matare�aris pativisa da Rirsebis matare� pativisa da Rirsebis matare�pativisa da Rirsebis matare� da Rirsebis matare�da Rirsebis matare� Rirsebis matare�Rirsebis matare� matare�matare�

beli da fizikur pirs Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare� da fizikur pirs Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare�da fizikur pirs Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare� fizikur pirs Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare�fizikur pirs Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare� pirs Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare�pirs Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare� Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare�Soris, romelic iuridiuli statusis matare� romelic iuridiuli statusis matare�romelic iuridiuli statusis matare� iuridiuli statusis matare�iuridiuli statusis matare� statusis matare�statusis matare� matare�matare�

belia mxolod cocxlad dabadebis SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT� mxolod cocxlad dabadebis SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT�mxolod cocxlad dabadebis SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT� cocxlad dabadebis SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT�cocxlad dabadebis SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT� dabadebis SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT�dabadebis SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT� SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT�SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarT� erovnuli sasamarT�erovnuli sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

loebi fizikuri piris iuridiul statuss mimarTaven aseve abortis

konteqstSic.19

1975 wlis 15 ianvris gadawyvetilebaSi safrangeTis sakonstitucio

sabWom ar daadgina konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu� ar daadgina konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu�ar daadgina konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu� daadgina konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu�daadgina konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu� konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu�konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu� abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu�abortis Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu� Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu�Sesaxeb kanonsa da konstitu� kanonsa da konstitu�kanonsa da konstitu� da konstitu�da konstitu� konstitu�konstitu�

cias Soris, radganac fetusi ar aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon� Soris, radganac fetusi ar aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon�Soris, radganac fetusi ar aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon� radganac fetusi ar aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon�radganac fetusi ar aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon� fetusi ar aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon�ar aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon� aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon�aris bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon� bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon�bavSvi, romelzec vrceldeba kon� romelzec vrceldeba kon�romelzec vrceldeba kon� vrceldeba kon�vrceldeba kon� kon�kon�

stituciiT uzrunvelyofili dacvis garantiebi.20

18 iqve.19 Loi n° 94-653 du 29 juillet 1994 relative au respect du corps humain; Loi n° 94-654 du 29 juillet 1994

relative au don et à l’utilisation des elements et produits du corps humain, à l’assistance médicale à la procréation et au diagnostic prénatal “bioéthique.” cit. The Laws of Member States of the Council of Europe, ix. internetgverdze: [http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

20 Décision n° 74-54 du 15 janvier 1975, Loi relative à l’interruption volontaire de la grossesse, available at [http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr] (last viewed Nov. 5, 2003). cit. The Laws of Member States of the Council of Europe, ix. Semdeg internetgverdze: [http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

215


5.3. avstria

1974 wlis avstriis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganixila dava

erovnuli kanonmdeblobis im normebis Sesaxeb, romlebic auqmebdnen

SezRudvebs abortze fexmZimobis pirveli trimestris ganmavlobaSi.

mosarCelis mtkicebiT, kanonmdebloba arRvevda evropuli konvenciis

me�2 muxls, iseve rogorc winaaRmdegobaSi modioda sicocxlis uflebis

dacvis konstituciur garantiebTan. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, inter alia, daadgina, rom me�2 muxli ar unda ganmartebuliyo ise, TiTqos is

icavda daubadebel fetuss.21

5.4. niderlandebi da dania

niderlandebis sakonstitucio sasamarTlomac me�2 muxlis inter�sakonstitucio sasamarTlomac me�2 muxlis inter� sasamarTlomac me�2 muxlis inter�sasamarTlomac me�2 muxlis inter� me�2 muxlis inter�muxlis inter� inter�inter�

pretaciisas mxari dauWira daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal� mxari dauWira daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal�mxari dauWira daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal� dauWira daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal�dauWira daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal� daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal�daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal� kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal�kanonmdeblobas abortis liberal� abortis liberal�abortis liberal� liberal�

izaciis konteqstSi, rac exmianeba zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid�konteqstSi, rac exmianeba zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid� rac exmianeba zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid�rac exmianeba zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid� exmianeba zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid�exmianeba zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid� zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid�zogadad evropul saxelmwifoTa mid� evropul saxelmwifoTa mid�evropul saxelmwifoTa mid� saxelmwifoTa mid�saxelmwifoTa mid� mid�mid�

gomas.22

evropis masStabiT miRebuli kanonebi abortTan dakavSirebiT

asaxavs qalis arCevanis upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel trimes� qalis arCevanis upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel trimes�qalis arCevanis upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel trimes� arCevanis upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel trimes�arCevanis upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel trimes� upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel trimes�upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel trimes� fexmZimobis pirvel trimes�fexmZimobis pirvel trimes� pirvel trimes�pirvel trimes� trimes�

trSi da icavs qalis sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT�da icavs qalis sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT� icavs qalis sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT�icavs qalis sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT� qalis sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT�qalis sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT� sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT�sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT� uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT�uflebas iseve, rogorc janmrT� iseve, rogorc janmrT�iseve, rogorc janmrT� rogorc janmrT�rogorc janmrT� janmrT�janmrT�

elobas mTeli fexmZimobis periodSi. amgvari midgoma ufro wonads

xdis fexmZime qalis uflebas fetusTan SedarebiT. evropis sabWos

39 wevri qveyana yovelgvari SezRudvebis gareSe rTavs qals abortis

gakeTebis nebas fexmZimobis pirvel trimestrSi. mxolod andora,

irlandia, lixtenStaini, malta, poloneTi da san�marino aweseben

SezRudvebs abortis gakeTebaze, mciredi Terapiuli gamonaklisebis

garda.23

21 Decision of the Constitutional Court of 11 October 1974, 39 Erkentnisse und Beschluesse des Ver-fassungsgerichthofes (1974), summarized in ANNUAL REVIEW OF POPULATION LAW, Vol. I, 49 (1974).

cit. The Laws of Member States of the Council of Europe, ix. internetgverdze: [http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

22 Juristenvereiniging Pro Vita v. De Staat der Nederlanden, summarized in ANNUAL REVIEW OF POP-ULATION LAW, 1991, Vol. 19, No. 5, 179-80 (1991). cit. The Laws of Member States of the Council of Europe, ix. internetgverdze: [http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

23 Center for reproductive rights, the world’s abortion laws, 2003.

216

nino farsadaniSvili

5.5. saqarTvelo

saqarTveloSi fexmZimobis xelovnuri Sewyvetis sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa� fexmZimobis xelovnuri Sewyvetis sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa�fexmZimobis xelovnuri Sewyvetis sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa� xelovnuri Sewyvetis sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa�xelovnuri Sewyvetis sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa� Sewyvetis sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa�Sewyvetis sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa� sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa�sakiTxebs awesrigebs „saqa� awesrigebs „saqa�awesrigebs „saqa� „saqa�„saqa�

rTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT� kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT�kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT� janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT�janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT� dacvis Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT�dacvis Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT� Sesaxeb“. kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT�kanonis 139�e muxliT gaT� 139�e muxliT gaT�muxliT gaT� gaT�gaT�

valiswinebulia orsulobis nebayoflobiTi Sewyvetis pirobebi,24 kerZod,

abortis gakeTeba nebadarTulia licenzirebul samedicino dawesebulebebSi,

licenzirebuli eqimebis mier, Tu: a) orsulobis xangrZlivoba ar aRemateba

12 kviras da b) orsuls Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera� kviras da b) orsuls Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera�kviras da b) orsuls Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera� da b) orsuls Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera�da b) orsuls Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera� b) orsuls Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera�orsuls Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera� Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera�Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera� winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera�winaswari gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera� gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera�gasaubreba, gasaubrebidan opera� gasaubrebidan opera�gasaubrebidan opera� opera�opera�

ciamde gasulia samdRiani mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate� gasulia samdRiani mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate�gasulia samdRiani mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate� samdRiani mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate�samdRiani mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate� mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate�mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate� vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate�vada. gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate� gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate�gasaubrebisas eqimma upirate� eqimma upirate�eqimma upirate� upirate�upirate�

soba unda mianiWos nayofis sicocxlis dacvas. arCevani qalis prerogativaa.

amave kanonis 139�e muxlis 1�li nawilis Tanaxmad, qalTa janmrTelobis dacva,

abortebis Semcirebis gziT, saxelmwifos prioritetuli amocanaa.

janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis 140�e muxlis Se�140�e muxlis Se� muxlis Se�

sabamisad, Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis SemTxvevaSi

aborti nebadarTulia mxolod samedicino da socialuri Cvenebebis

mixedviT.25 samedicino Cvenebebis CamonaTvals adgens saqarTvelos

janmrTelobis dacvis saministro. socialuri Cvenebebi ganisazRvreba

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT.

rogorc Cans, saqarTvelo gamonaklisi ar aris da misi kanonmdebloba

ar gansxvavdeba ganxilul saxelmwifoTa abortis maregulirebeli

normebisagan. es ara marto zemoxsenebuli kanonidan Cans, aramed kidev

ufro mkveTrad ikveTeba saqarTvelos konstituciis analizidanac,

kerZod, konstituciis me�15 muxlis Sesabamisad: `sicocxle adamianis

xelSeuvali uflebaa da mas icavs kanoni.~ 26

saqarTvelos konstituciaSi, iseve rogorc sxva saxelmwifoTa ZiriTad

kanonebSi, gakeTebulia zogadi Canaweri imis Taobaze, rom sicocxlis ufle�

ba daculi da xelSeuvalia, aqedan gamomdinare da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT aseve

evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikas konvenciis me�2 muxlis ganmartebasTan

dakavSirebiT, Zneli misaxvedri ar unda iyos, rom saqarTveloSi sicocxlis

dacviT sargeblobs rogorc fetusi, ise ukve dabadebuli adamianic, magram

is garemoeba, rom fetusi ar aris aRiarebuli fizikur pirad, calsaxaa. am

24 saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, 23.08.2008�is mdgomareobiT, 139�e mux�lis me�2 nawili.

25 saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, 23.08.2008�is mdgomareobiT, 140�e mux�li, me�2 nawili.

26 saqarTvelos konstitucia, 2005�02�03�is mdgomareobiT, me�15 muxli, 1�li nawili.

217


mosazrebis gasamyareblad upriania gamoyenebul iqnes saqarTvelos samo�gasamyareblad upriania gamoyenebul iqnes saqarTvelos samo� upriania gamoyenebul iqnes saqarTvelos samo�

qalaqo kodeqsi, ufro konkretulad ki, misi me�8 da me�11 muxlebi. samoqa�me�8 da me�11 muxlebi. samoqa� da me�11 muxlebi. samoqa�me�11 muxlebi. samoqa� muxlebi. samoqa�

laqo kodeqsis me�8 muxli, romelic exeba kerZo samarTlis subieqtebs, ad�me�8 muxli, romelic exeba kerZo samarTlis subieqtebs, ad� muxli, romelic exeba kerZo samarTlis subieqtebs, ad�

gens, rom kerZosamarTlebrivi urTierTobebis subieqti SeiZleba iyos nebi�kerZosamarTlebrivi urTierTobebis subieqti SeiZleba iyos nebi� urTierTobebis subieqti SeiZleba iyos nebi�

smieri fizikuri piri.27 amave kodeqsis me�11 muxlis 1�li nawilis Sesabamisad

ki, fizikuri piris uflebaunarianoba, anu misi unari, hqondes samoqalaqo

uflebebi da movaleobebi, warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan,28 ufro metic,

amave muxlis me�2 nawiliT memkvidred yofnis ufleba pirs gaaCnia Casax�me�2 nawiliT memkvidred yofnis ufleba pirs gaaCnia Casax� nawiliT memkvidred yofnis ufleba pirs gaaCnia Casax�

visTanave, Tumca am uflebis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia dabadebaze.29

Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSic, iseve rogorc bevr sxva qveyanaSi, moqmedebs

erTi principi _ Canasaxs aqvs garkveuli uflebebi, magram misi gamoyeneba

mxolod cocxlad dabadebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss, unda aRiniS�

nos, rom ukanono aborti eqvemdebareba dasjas 133�e muxlis Sesabam�133�e muxlis Sesabam� muxlis Sesabam�

isad, magram fexmZime qalis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTagan mx�

olod ukanono aborti ar aris dasjadi moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis normebiT, aramed fexmZime qalis sicocxle da janmrTeloba

daculia aseve aRniSnuli kodeqsis 109�e muxlis me�2 nawiliT da 117�e

muxlis 1�li nawiliT. kerZod, 109�e muxlis me�2 nawili iTvaliswinebs

pirisaTvis sanqciis Sefardebas, Tu is Caidens fexmZime qalis ganzrax

mkvlelobas,30 xolo 117�e muxlis 1�li nawiliT31 ki, dasjadia fexmZime

qalis janmrTelobis dazianeba.

ganxiluli normatiuli aqtebis Sesabamisi muxlebidan aSkarad Cans,

rom, marTalia, saqarTveloSi fetusis dasacavad aris gatarebuli mTe�fetusis dasacavad aris gatarebuli mTe� dasacavad aris gatarebuli mTe�

li rigi RonisZiebebisa, magram deda da Canasaxi erT sibrtyeSi ar ganix�

ilebian da dedis uflebebi ufro maRlaa dayenebuli.

fetusis uflebis dacva saerTosaxelmwifoebriv doneze rom ufro

gonivrulad da gaazrebulad aris dasayenebeli, amas statistikis de�

partamentis mier Sedgenili monacemebic adasturebs, sadac dabadeb�

ulTa da gardacvlilTa raodenobas Soris umniSvnelo sxvaobaa. es ki,

27 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 01.10.2005�is mdgomareobiT, me�8 muxli, 1�li nawili.28 iqve, me�11 muxli, 1�li nawili.29 iqve, me�11 muxli, me�2 nawili.30 ix. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, 2006 wlis 25 seqtembris mdgomareobiT, 109�e

muxli, 2(a) nawili. 31 iqve, 117�e muxli, 1�li nawili.

218

nino farsadaniSvili

Tavis mxriv, iseTi samwuxaro realobis winaSe ayenebs saqarTvelos, ro�

goricaa is, rom eri ar axalgazrdavdeba. am yvelafers met damajere�

blobas sZens aRniSnuli statistikuri monacemebis moyvana:

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

dabad. gardacv. dabad. gardacv. dabad. gardacv. dabad. gardacv. dabad. gardacv.

saqarTvelo 46 194 46 055 49 572 48 793 46 512 40 721 47 795 42 255 49 287 41 178

Tbilisi 16 808 12 597 12 317 12 424 12 794 11 164 13 773 12 454 14 188 12 040

afxazeTis ar - - - - - - - - - -

aWaris ar 4 092 2 405 5 716 3 017 4 711 3 020 4 637 2 609 4 687 2 563

guriis regioni

1 165 1 923 1 431 1 963 1 432 1 746 1 343 1 479 1 438 1 390

imereTis regioni

6 348 8 143 7 717 9 756 6 717 6 490 7 131 7 797 7 310 7 629

kaxeTis regioni

2 787 4 652 3 655 5 527 3 366 4 005 3 840 4 189 4 103 4 152

mcxeTa-mTianeTis regioni

903 1 480 1 514 1 701 1 298 1 332 1 165 1 237 1 258 1 200

raWa-leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTis regioni

202 798 327 991 376 700 235 632 313 612

samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regioni

3 652 4 803 3 817 3 682 4 408 4 193 4 421 3 892 4 598 3 802

samcxe-javaxeTis mxare

2 142 2 143 2 836 2 208 2 303 1 706 2 113 1 604 2 124 1 574

qvemo qarTlis regioni

3 568 3 424 6 407 3 561 5 148 3 086 5 856 3 354 5 902 3 272

Sida qarTlis regioni

4 527 3 687 3 835 3 963 3 959 3 279 3 281 3 008 3 366 2 944

6. araevropul saxelmwifoTa samarTali

6.1. kanada

fetusis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT yvelaze mwvave dava warmoiSoba

maSin, rodesac cdiloben ipovon balansi dedisa da nayofis uflebebs

Soris. marTlac, sainteresoa, Tu romlis interesebi unda iqnes upi�

ratesad win wamoweuli. am kuTxiT sakmaod mniSvnelovani gadawyvetile�

ba gamoitana kanadis sasamarTlom Winnipeg-is saqmeSi.32

32 Winnipeg Child and Family Services v G. cit. in Robinson, B.A. Ontario Consultants for Religious Tolerance. (November 14, 1997). Balancing the Rights of the Woman and Her Fetus, ix. Semdeg internetgverdze: [http://www.religioustolerance.org].

219


1996 wlis agvistoSi kanadis qalaq uinnipegis sasamarTloSi Sevida

sarCeli, romelic Seexeboda 21 wlis qalbaton D.G.-s. igi, 5 Tvis orsu�igi, 5 Tvis orsu� 5 Tvis orsu�5 Tvis orsu� Tvis orsu�Tvis orsu� orsu�orsu�

li da uimedod midrekili narkotikebisadmi, ufro konkretulad, webos

ynosvisadmi (toqsikomania), ukve iyo deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na� (toqsikomania), ukve iyo deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na�, ukve iyo deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na� ukve iyo deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na�ukve iyo deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na� iyo deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na�iyo deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na� deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na�deda 3 Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na� Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na�Svilisa, romelaTgan 2 na� romelaTgan 2 na�romelaTgan 2 na� 2 na�2 na� na�na�

klovani daibada dedis narkotikebze damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi� daibada dedis narkotikebze damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi�daibada dedis narkotikebze damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi� dedis narkotikebze damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi�dedis narkotikebze damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi� narkotikebze damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi�narkotikebze damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi� damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi�damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebi� gamo. dabadebi�gamo. dabadebi� dabadebi�dabadebi�

sTanave es bavSvebi saxelmwifos meurveobis qveS moeqcnen. uinnipegis

bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw� da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw�da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw� ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw�ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw� momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw�momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw� samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw�samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerw� araerTxel scada daerw�araerTxel scada daerw� scada daerw�scada daerw� daerw�daerw�

munebina qalbatoni D.G., dasTanxmeboda daxmarebas, magram is uariT

pasuxobda.33

xsenebulma samsaxurma mimarTa sasamarTlos da moiTxova, eiZulebi� samsaxurma mimarTa sasamarTlos da moiTxova, eiZulebi�samsaxurma mimarTa sasamarTlos da moiTxova, eiZulebi� mimarTa sasamarTlos da moiTxova, eiZulebi�mimarTa sasamarTlos da moiTxova, eiZulebi� sasamarTlos da moiTxova, eiZulebi�sasamarTlos da moiTxova, eiZulebi� da moiTxova, eiZulebi�da moiTxova, eiZulebi� moiTxova, eiZulebi�moiTxova, eiZulebi� eiZulebi�eiZulebi�

naT igi, fexmZimobis darCenili dro samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta� fexmZimobis darCenili dro samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta�fexmZimobis darCenili dro samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta� darCenili dro samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta�darCenili dro samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta� dro samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta�dro samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta� samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta�samedicino dawesebulebaSi gaeta� dawesebulebaSi gaeta�dawesebulebaSi gaeta� gaeta�gaeta�

rebina. sasamarTloSi uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax� sasamarTloSi uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax�sasamarTloSi uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax� uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax�bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax� da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax�da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax� ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax�ojaxis momsaxurebis samsax� momsaxurebis samsax�momsaxurebis samsax� samsax�samsax�

urs warmoadgenda advokati hezer leonofi. man ganacxada, rom qalba�man ganacxada, rom qalba� ganacxada, rom qalba�ganacxada, rom qalba� rom qalba�rom qalba� qalba�qalba�

toni fetusis mowamvliT arRvevda kanadis kanonmdeblobis im normebs,

romlebic Seexeboda dedis mxridan sakuTar Svilze zrunvas. qalbatoni

D.G.-s warmomadgenelma filipsma aRniSna, rom fetusi, kanadis kanon�warmomadgenelma filipsma aRniSna, rom fetusi, kanadis kanon� filipsma aRniSna, rom fetusi, kanadis kanon�aRniSna, rom fetusi, kanadis kanon� rom fetusi, kanadis kanon�rom fetusi, kanadis kanon� fetusi, kanadis kanon�kanadis kanon� kanon�kanon�

mdeblobis Sesabamisad, ar aris legalurad damoukidebeli arseba da,

Sesabamisad, erTaderTi adamiani, visac ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar� erTaderTi adamiani, visac ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar�erTaderTi adamiani, visac ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar� adamiani, visac ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar�adamiani, visac ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar� visac ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar�visac ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar� ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar�ziani adgeboda dedis mier nar� adgeboda dedis mier nar�adgeboda dedis mier nar� dedis mier nar�dedis mier nar� mier nar�mier nar� nar�nar�

kotikebis gamoyenebis Sedegad, iyo Tavad deda.34

mosamarTle Sulmanma jer brZana, rom qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi�jer brZana, rom qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi� brZana, rom qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi�brZana, rom qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi� rom qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi�rom qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi� qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi�qalbatons gaevlo fsiqi� gaevlo fsiqi�gaevlo fsiqi� fsiqi�fsiqi�

atriuli Semowmeba da, Tu dadasturdeboda fsiqikuri aSliloba, mas

moaTavsebdnen narkotikebze damokidebulTa sameurveo dawesebulebaSi,

magaram Semdeg Secvala gadawyvetileba da brZana misi moTavseba so� Semdeg Secvala gadawyvetileba da brZana misi moTavseba so�Semdeg Secvala gadawyvetileba da brZana misi moTavseba so� Secvala gadawyvetileba da brZana misi moTavseba so�Secvala gadawyvetileba da brZana misi moTavseba so� gadawyvetileba da brZana misi moTavseba so�gadawyvetileba da brZana misi moTavseba so� da brZana misi moTavseba so�da brZana misi moTavseba so� brZana misi moTavseba so�brZana misi moTavseba so� misi moTavseba so�misi moTavseba so� moTavseba so�moTavseba so� so�so�

cialuri uzrunvelyofis organoTa meurveobis qveS.35

q. manitobas saapelacio sasamarTlom gaauqma pirveli instanciis

sasamarTlos brZaneba. misi mtkiceba eyrdnoboda imas, rom nebismieri

saxis ziani fetuss SeiZleboda mihyeneboda pirvel trimestrSi, xolo

qalbatoni 5 Tvis fexmZime iyo, anu uaxlovdeboda meore trimestris

dasasruls. sasamarTlos aseve aRelvebda D.G.-s samoqalaqo uflebe�samoqalaqo uflebe� uflebe�uflebe�

bi. orive, dedac da fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga� orive, dedac da fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga�orive, dedac da fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga� dedac da fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga�dedac da fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga� da fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga�da fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga� fetusic, mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga�mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga� viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga�viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem ga� imyofeboda, orivem ga�imyofeboda, orivem ga� orivem ga�orivem ga� ga�ga�

moscada epilefsiuri Seteva.36

33 iqve.34 Robinson, B.A., ix., sqolio 24.35 iqve.36 iqve.

220

nino farsadaniSvili

uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile�bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile� da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile�da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile� ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile�ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile� momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile�momsaxurebis samsaxurma gadawyvetile� samsaxurma gadawyvetile�samsaxurma gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

ba gaasaCivra kanadis uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa� gaasaCivra kanadis uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa�gaasaCivra kanadis uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa� kanadis uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa�kanadis uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa� uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa�uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa� sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa�sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa� 1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa�1996 wlis oqtomberSi. sa� wlis oqtomberSi. sa�wlis oqtomberSi. sa� oqtomberSi. sa�oqtomberSi. sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos mier gamokiTxul iqna 12 jgufi, romlebsac miekuTvnebodnen

religiis warmomadgenlebi, qalTa uflebebis damcveli gaerTianebebi,

samoqalaqo Tavisuflebis organizaciebi da a.S. 1997 wlis 31 oqtombers

kanadis uzenaesma sasamarTlom 7 xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw� uzenaesma sasamarTlom 7 xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw�uzenaesma sasamarTlom 7 xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw� sasamarTlom 7 xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw�sasamarTlom 7 xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw� 7 xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw�7 xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw� xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw�xmiT 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw� 2�is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw�winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadaw� gamoitana gadaw�gamoitana gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetileba, romelSic aRniSna, rom aravis ar hqonda ufleba, Careuliyo

qalis fexmZimobaSi misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod, maSinac ki, roca misi

cxovrebis wesi safrTxes uqmnis fetuss.37

mosamarTle maklaClinma, romelic gadawyvetilebas werda umravle�romelic gadawyvetilebas werda umravle� gadawyvetilebas werda umravle�gadawyvetilebas werda umravle� werda umravle�werda umravle� umravle�umravle�

sobis saxeliT, aRniSna:

„kanoni aRiarebs mxolod dabadebul adamians. nebismieri ufleba

an interesi, romelic fetuss aqvs, gamouyenebelia manam, sanam is ar

daibadeba. nebismieri mcdeloba imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex� nebismieri mcdeloba imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex�nebismieri mcdeloba imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex� mcdeloba imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex�mcdeloba imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex� imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex�imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex� rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex�rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex� ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex�ZaldatanebiT moepyron fex� moepyron fex�moepyron fex� fex�fex�

mZime qals, arRvevs personaluri Tavisuflebis yvelaze wminda sferos

_ nebismieri adamianis uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu� nebismieri adamianis uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu�nebismieri adamianis uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu� adamianis uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu�adamianis uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu� uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu�uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu� icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu�icxovros da gadaadgildes Tavisu� da gadaadgildes Tavisu�da gadaadgildes Tavisu� gadaadgildes Tavisu�gadaadgildes Tavisu� Tavisu�Tavisu�

flad. fexmZime qali da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� fexmZime qali da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi�fexmZime qali da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� qali da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi�qali da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi�da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi�misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi�nayofi arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi�arian erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi�erTni. fetusis dacva gamoi� fetusis dacva gamoi�dacva gamoi� gamoi�gamoi�

wvevs dedis fundamenturi uflebebis SezRudvas _ cxovrebis stilisa

da adgilis Tavisuflad arCevas. man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle� adgilis Tavisuflad arCevas. man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle�adgilis Tavisuflad arCevas. man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle� Tavisuflad arCevas. man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle�Tavisuflad arCevas. man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle� arCevas. man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle�arCevas. man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle� man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle�man aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle� aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle�aRniSna, rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle� rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle�rom, Tu saxelmwifo ufle� Tu saxelmwifo ufle�Tu saxelmwifo ufle� saxelmwifo ufle�saxelmwifo ufle� ufle�ufle�

bamosili iqneba, Caerios fexmZimeebis cxovrebaSi, dedebi, ubralod,

uars ityvian bavSvebis gaCenaze da aborts gaikeTeben, radganac ar

isurveben sakuTar Cvevebze uaris Tqmas.~38

mosamarTleebma, sopinkam da maiorma, gansxvavebuli pozicia daaf�gansxvavebuli pozicia daaf� pozicia daaf�pozicia daaf� daaf�daaf�

iqsires gadawyvetilebaSi da miuTiTes, rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur� gadawyvetilebaSi da miuTiTes, rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur�gadawyvetilebaSi da miuTiTes, rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur� da miuTiTes, rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur�da miuTiTes, rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur� miuTiTes, rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur�miuTiTes, rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur� rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur�rom fexmZime qalbatonis sur� fexmZime qalbatonis sur�fexmZime qalbatonis sur� qalbatonis sur�qalbatonis sur� sur�sur�

vilebis winaaRmdeg mis cxovrebaSi Careva SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac dedis cxovrebis wesi fetuss ayenebs seriozul zians.39

ganxiluli Winnipeg�is saqmis msgavsi gadawyvetileba miiRo kanadis

uzenaesma sasamarTlom abortTan dakavSirebiT, saqmeze _ R. v. Morgan-thaler, sadac uaryo wesi, romlis Sesabamisadac fetusi uflebamosili

iyo, gamoeyenebina dacvis is garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon� gamoeyenebina dacvis is garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon�gamoeyenebina dacvis is garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon� dacvis is garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon�dacvis is garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon� is garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon�is garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon� garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon�garantiebi, romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon� romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon�romlebic fizikur pirebs hqon� fizikur pirebs hqon�fizikur pirebs hqon� pirebs hqon�pirebs hqon� hqon�hqon�

37 iqve.38 Robinson, B.A., ix., 24�e sqolio.39 iqve.

221


daT, kanadis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag� kanadis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag�kanadis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag� uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag�uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag� da TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag�da TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag� TavisuflebaTa qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag�qartiis Sesabamisad. man dag� Sesabamisad. man dag�Sesabamisad. man dag� man dag�man dag� dag�dag�

mo kanadis abortebis SemzRudveli kanonmdebloba, im sababiT, rom is

uxeSad arRvevda qalebis ZiriTad uflebas, kerZod ki fizikuri piris

usafrTxoebas.40

6.2. aSS

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna 1973 wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq� zemoT aRiniSna 1973 wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq�zemoT aRiniSna 1973 wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq� aRiniSna 1973 wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq�aRiniSna 1973 wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq� 1973 wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq�1973 wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq� wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq�wels aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq� aSS�is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq�uzenaesma sasamarTlom saq� sasamarTlom saq�sasamarTlom saq� saq�saq�

meze _ Roe v. Wade _ texasis kanonmdebloba, romelic aborts danaSau� kanonmdebloba, romelic aborts danaSau�kanonmdebloba, romelic aborts danaSau� romelic aborts danaSau�romelic aborts danaSau� aborts danaSau�aborts danaSau� danaSau�danaSau�

lad acxadebda, miiCnia gaumarTleblad da daadgina, rom fetusi ar

aris fizikuri piri da is ver isargeblebs dacvis im garantiebiT, rac

dadgenilia federaluri konstituciis me�14 damatebiT.41

es saqme aSS�is uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier mravaljer iqna moxmobili.

magaliTad: Stenberg v. Carhart-is saqmeSi, sadac sasamarTlom miuTiTa,

rom abortis garkveuli meTodebis akrZalva ewinaaRmdegeboda qalTa

janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebs;42 saqmeSi _ Ferguson v. City of Charle-ston _ uzenaesma sasamarTlom uaryo argumenti imis Sesaxeb, rom sax� sasamarTlom uaryo argumenti imis Sesaxeb, rom sax�sasamarTlom uaryo argumenti imis Sesaxeb, rom sax� uaryo argumenti imis Sesaxeb, rom sax�uaryo argumenti imis Sesaxeb, rom sax� argumenti imis Sesaxeb, rom sax�argumenti imis Sesaxeb, rom sax� imis Sesaxeb, rom sax�imis Sesaxeb, rom sax� Sesaxeb, rom sax�Sesaxeb, rom sax� rom sax�rom sax� sax�sax�

elmwifos interesi fetusisadmi amarTlebda narkotikebze Semowmebas

fexmZime qalbatonebis Tanxmobis gareSe, mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove� qalbatonebis Tanxmobis gareSe, mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove�qalbatonebis Tanxmobis gareSe, mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove� Tanxmobis gareSe, mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove�Tanxmobis gareSe, mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove� gareSe, mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove�gareSe, mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove� mtkicebulebaTa mosagrove�mosagrove�

blad, raTa dawyebuliyo sisxlis samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa� raTa dawyebuliyo sisxlis samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa�raTa dawyebuliyo sisxlis samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa� dawyebuliyo sisxlis samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa�dawyebuliyo sisxlis samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa� sisxlis samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa�sisxlis samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa� samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa�samarTlis devna. amis sanacvlod sa� devna. amis sanacvlod sa�devna. amis sanacvlod sa� amis sanacvlod sa�amis sanacvlod sa� sanacvlod sa�sanacvlod sa� sa�sa�

samarTlom daadgina, rom aSS�is konstituciis me�4 damatebis Sesabam� daadgina, rom aSS�is konstituciis me�4 damatebis Sesabam�daadgina, rom aSS�is konstituciis me�4 damatebis Sesabam� rom aSS�is konstituciis me�4 damatebis Sesabam�rom aSS�is konstituciis me�4 damatebis Sesabam� aSS�is konstituciis me�4 damatebis Sesabam�konstituciis me�4 damatebis Sesabam� me�4 damatebis Sesabam�damatebis Sesabam� Sesabam�Sesabam�

isad, usafuZvlo Cxrekisagan dacva saxelmwifos mxridan vrceldeba

Tanabrad fexmZime qalbatonebze da moiTxova, rom msgavsi RonisZiebebi

ganxorcielebuliyo mxolod individualizebuli da safuZvliani eWvis

arsebobisas.43

bevri saxelmwifos kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs fetusisTvis zianis

miyenebis SemTxvevaSi sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas, magram es mx� SemTxvevaSi sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas, magram es mx�SemTxvevaSi sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas, magram es mx� sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas, magram es mx�sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas, magram es mx� aRZvris SesaZleblobas, magram es mx�aRZvris SesaZleblobas, magram es mx� SesaZleblobas, magram es mx�SesaZleblobas, magram es mx� magram es mx�magram es mx� es mx�es mx� mx�mx�

olod maSin ganxorcieldeba, Tu is cocxali daibadeba.44

40 1 S.C.R. 30 (1988). cit. National-Level Jurisprudence from Selected Non-European States ix. in�ternetgverdze: [http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

41 Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 163 (1973). cit. National-Level Jurisprudence from Selected Non-European States ix. internetgverdze: [http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

42 Stenberg v Carhart , 530 U.S. 914 (2000).43 Ferguson v City of Charleston, 532 U.S. 67 (2001).44 Day v Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 328 So. 2d 560 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976) (applying the “born-alive rule” to

sustain tort claim against a third party tortfeasor in automobile accident where foetus sustained injury and then was born alive).

222

nino farsadaniSvili

6.3. samxreT afrika

samxreT afrikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos transvaalis provinciis gan� afrikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos transvaalis provinciis gan�afrikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos transvaalis provinciis gan� umaRlesi sasamarTlos transvaalis provinciis gan�umaRlesi sasamarTlos transvaalis provinciis gan� sasamarTlos transvaalis provinciis gan�sasamarTlos transvaalis provinciis gan� transvaalis provinciis gan�provinciis gan� gan�gan�

yofilebam ganixila sakonstitucio dava saqmeze _ Christian Lawyers As-sociation of South Africa and others v Minister of Health and others. sakiTxi

Seexeboda arsebul kanons fexmZimobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se� arsebul kanons fexmZimobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se�arsebul kanons fexmZimobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se� kanons fexmZimobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se�kanons fexmZimobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se� fexmZimobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se�fexmZimobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se� Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se�Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romlis Se� Sesaxeb, romlis Se�Sesaxeb, romlis Se� romlis Se�romlis Se� Se�Se�

sabamisad, aranairi SezRudva ar wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex� aranairi SezRudva ar wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex�aranairi SezRudva ar wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex� SezRudva ar wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex�SezRudva ar wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex� ar wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex�ar wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex� wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex�wesdeboda abortis gakeTebaze fex� abortis gakeTebaze fex�abortis gakeTebaze fex� gakeTebaze fex�gakeTebaze fex� fex�fex�

mZimobis pirvel trimestrSi da liberaluri SezRudvebiT dasaSvebad

cxaddeboda fexmZimobis Sewyveta orsulobis gvian stadiebze.

mosarCeleebi amtkicebdnen, rom kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti� amtkicebdnen, rom kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti�amtkicebdnen, rom kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti� rom kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti�rom kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti� kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti�kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti� ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti�ewinaaRmdegeboda konsti� konsti�konsti�

tuciis me�11 seqcias, romlis Sesabamisad, „yvelas aqvs sicocxlis

ufleba“.45 sasamarTlos unda gadaewyvita, ramdenad vrceldeboda kon�sasamarTlos unda gadaewyvita, ramdenad vrceldeboda kon� unda gadaewyvita, ramdenad vrceldeboda kon�unda gadaewyvita, ramdenad vrceldeboda kon� gadaewyvita, ramdenad vrceldeboda kon�gadaewyvita, ramdenad vrceldeboda kon� ramdenad vrceldeboda kon�ramdenad vrceldeboda kon� vrceldeboda kon�vrceldeboda kon� kon�kon�

stituciaSi Cawerili sityva „yvelas“ fetusis sicocxlis uflebaze.

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom: „aseTi interpretacia aris usafuZvlo.

miT umetes, Tu me�11 seqcia iqneba ganmartebuli ise, rom sicocxlis

konstituciuri dacva vrceldeba fetusze, maSin Zalian Sors mimavali

da anomaliuri Sedegebi dadgeba: fetusis sicocxlis uflebac iseTive

dacviT isargeblebs, rogoriTac dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqne� isargeblebs, rogoriTac dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqne�isargeblebs, rogoriTac dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqne� rogoriTac dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqne�rogoriTac dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqne� dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqne�dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqne� aborti konstituciurad iqne�aborti konstituciurad iqne� konstituciurad iqne�konstituciurad iqne� iqne�iqne�

ba akrZaluli im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio� akrZaluli im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio�akrZaluli im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio� im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio�im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio� SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio�SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio� ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio�ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles serio� rodesac dedis sicocxles serio�rodesac dedis sicocxles serio� dedis sicocxles serio�dedis sicocxles serio� sicocxles serio�sicocxles serio� serio�serio�

zuli safrTxe emuqreba. es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi� safrTxe emuqreba. es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi�safrTxe emuqreba. es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi� emuqreba. es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi�emuqreba. es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi� es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi�es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi� akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi�akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi� imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi�imoqmedebs maSinac, roca fexmZi� maSinac, roca fexmZi�maSinac, roca fexmZi� roca fexmZi�roca fexmZi� fexmZi�fexmZi�

moba iqneba gaupatiurebis an sisxlis aRrevis Sedegi, an Tu dadgindeba,

rom bavSvi daibadeba fizikuri da fsiqikuri nakliT. Tu mosarCeleTa

moTxovna sworad aris dasmuli, maSin gamodis, rom fexmZimobis Sewyveta

abortis danaSauls ki ar Seadgens, aramed mkvlelobas.“46 sasamarTlos

SexedulebiT, konstituciis Semdgenlebs ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase� konstituciis Semdgenlebs ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase�konstituciis Semdgenlebs ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase� Semdgenlebs ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase�Semdgenlebs ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase� ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase�ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase� hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase�hqoniaT ganzraxuli, ase� ganzraxuli, ase�ganzraxuli, ase� ase�ase�

Ti Sors mimavali Sedegebi damdgariyo, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, msgavsi

bundovani cneba ar iqneboda da gakeTdeboda specialuri Canaweri. am

argumentebze dayrdnobiT sasamarTlom daadgina, rom fetusi ar aris

fizikuri piri konstituciis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare.

45 Christian Lawyers Association of South Africa and others v Minister of Health and others the High Court of South Africa, Transvaal Provincial Division, 50 BMLR 241, 10 July 1998.

46 Christian Lawyers Association of South Africa and others v Minister of Health and others the High Court of South Africa, Transvaal Provincial Division, 50 BMLR 241, 10 July 1998.

223


7. fetusisa da qalis sabaziso uflebebis gadakveTa

fetusis uflebis aRiareba gavlenas axdens fexmZime qalis ufle�uflebis aRiareba gavlenas axdens fexmZime qalis ufle� aRiareba gavlenas axdens fexmZime qalis ufle�aRiareba gavlenas axdens fexmZime qalis ufle� gavlenas axdens fexmZime qalis ufle�gavlenas axdens fexmZime qalis ufle� axdens fexmZime qalis ufle�axdens fexmZime qalis ufle� fexmZime qalis ufle�fexmZime qalis ufle� qalis ufle�qalis ufle� ufle�ufle�

bebze. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me�2 muxlis imgvarad

ganmarteba, rom aRiarebul iqnes fetusis sicocxlis ufleba, iqneba

Careva qalis reproduqciul janmrTelobasa da avtonomiaSi. abortis

ufleba gadajaWvulia iseT uflebebTan, rogorebicaa: qalis ufleba

pirad cxovrebaze, piris usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo� cxovrebaze, piris usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo�cxovrebaze, piris usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo� piris usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo�piris usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo� usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo�usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo� cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo�cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworo� ufleba da Tanasworo�ufleba da Tanasworo� da Tanasworo�da Tanasworo� Tanasworo�Tanasworo�

bisa da aradiskriminaciis ufleba.

7.1. piradi cxovrebis ufleba

evropulma sasamarTlom da evropulma komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro� sasamarTlom da evropulma komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro�sasamarTlom da evropulma komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro� da evropulma komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro�da evropulma komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro� evropulma komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro�evropulma komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro� komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro�komisiam miiCnies, rom, evro� miiCnies, rom, evro�miiCnies, rom, evro� rom, evro�rom, evro� evro�evro�

puli konvenciis me�8 muxlis miznebidan gamomdinare, abortis regulacia

iqneba Careva qalis pirad cxovrebaSi. abortTan dakavSirebul erT�erT

adreul saqmeSi _ Brüggemann and Scheuten v. Germany,47 romelic aRmoCnda

evropuli komisiis winaSe, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed� komisiis winaSe, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed�komisiis winaSe, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed� winaSe, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed�winaSe, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed� ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed�ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed� amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed�amtkicebda, rom germaniis fed� rom germaniis fed�rom germaniis fed� germaniis fed�germaniis fed� fed�fed�

eraluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexe� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexe�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexe� sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexe�sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexe� gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexe�gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexe� romelic Seexe�romelic Seexe� Seexe�Seexe�

boda fexmZimobis 12 kviris Semdeg abortis gakeTebis danaSaulebrivad

aRiarebis Sesaxeb kanons, arRvevda evropuli konvenciis me�8 muxls. sanam

komisia daadgenda, rom xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere� daadgenda, rom xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere�daadgenda, rom xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere� rom xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere�rom xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere� xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere�xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere� kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere�kanoni arRvevda qalis pirad intere� arRvevda qalis pirad intere�arRvevda qalis pirad intere� qalis pirad intere�qalis pirad intere� pirad intere�pirad intere� intere�intere�

sebs, umravlesoba mxars uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve� umravlesoba mxars uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve�umravlesoba mxars uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve� mxars uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve�mxars uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve� uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve�uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve� mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve�mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve� vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve�vinaidan miiCnevda, rom arasasurve� miiCnevda, rom arasasurve�miiCnevda, rom arasasurve� rom arasasurve�rom arasasurve� arasasurve�arasasurve�

li fexmZimobis xelovnurad Sesawyvetad dawesebuli yvela SezRudva ar

iyo Careva qalis pirad cxovrebaSi, evropuli konvenciis me�8 muxlTan

mimarTebiT.48 saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde, imasTan dakavSirebiT,

germaniis kanoni arRvevda Tu ara me�8 muxls, komisiam Seiswavla kanonis

konkretuli muxlebi, maT Soris isini, romlebic abortis nebas rTavda

im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac qalis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreboda.49 komi�komi�

siis mosazrebiT, abortis absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca� mosazrebiT, abortis absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca�mosazrebiT, abortis absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca� abortis absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca�abortis absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca� absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca�absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca� akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca�akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli Ca� yovlad dauSvebeli Ca�yovlad dauSvebeli Ca� dauSvebeli Ca�dauSvebeli Ca� Ca�Ca�

revaa pirad uflebebSi, me�8 muxlis miznebidan gamomdinare.50

47 Brüggemann and Scheuten v Germany, App. No. 6959/75, Eur. Comm. H.R., 3 EHRR 244 (1977)(Commission Report).

48 iqve, para 61.49 iqve, para 62.50 Dinah Shelton, International Law on Protection of the Foetus, in Abortion and protection of the human

foetus 7 (S.J. Fraukowski et al. eds., 1987).

224

nino farsadaniSvili

Brüggemann�is saqmemde evropulma komisiam da sasamarTlom aRiares

fexmZime qalis ufleba abortze, me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw� qalis ufleba abortze, me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw�qalis ufleba abortze, me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw� ufleba abortze, me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw�ufleba abortze, me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw� abortze, me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw�abortze, me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw� me�8 muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw�muxlidan gamomdinare. am gadaw� gamomdinare. am gadaw�gamomdinare. am gadaw� am gadaw�am gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetilebebs abortis kanonmdeblobis liberalizacia evropis masSta� abortis kanonmdeblobis liberalizacia evropis masSta�abortis kanonmdeblobis liberalizacia evropis masSta� kanonmdeblobis liberalizacia evropis masSta�kanonmdeblobis liberalizacia evropis masSta� liberalizacia evropis masSta�evropis masSta� masSta�masSta�

biT gvian, 1970�ian wlebSi mohyva.

saqmeebi _ Paton v. U.K.,51 R.H. v. Norway,52 Boso v. Italy,53 _ me�2 muxlis

fetusze gauvrceleblobis mtkicebiT, ufro metad aviTarebs me�8 mux�gauvrceleblobis mtkicebiT, ufro metad aviTarebs me�8 mux� mtkicebiT, ufro metad aviTarebs me�8 mux�mtkicebiT, ufro metad aviTarebs me�8 mux� ufro metad aviTarebs me�8 mux�ufro metad aviTarebs me�8 mux� metad aviTarebs me�8 mux�metad aviTarebs me�8 mux� aviTarebs me�8 mux�aviTarebs me�8 mux� me�8 mux�mux�

liT garantirebul qalis pirad uflebebs. es samive saqme Seicavs mamis

mtkicebas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom me�8 muxli icavda aseve mis pirad

uflebas fetusTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac cols surda fexmZimobis

Sewyveta. komisiam uaryo es mtkiceba da daadgina: „piradi cxovrebis

pativiscema fexmZime qalisa, romelzec uSualod aris damokidebuli

fexmZimobis gagrZeleba an Sewyveta, ufro maRla mdgomia, vidre mamis

nebismieri ufleba.“54

7.2. piris usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba

rogorc aRiniSna, evropuli komisiisa da evropuli sasamarTlos

praqtika aRiarebs fexmZime qalis uflebas, Sewyvitos orsuloba, Tu is

zians ayenebs mis sicocxles an janmrTelobas.

saqmeSi _ Paton v. U.K. _ komisiam daadgina, rom fetusis sicocxlis

ufleba ganuyofladaa dakavSirebuli fexmZime qalis sicocxlesTan da,

rom fexmZime qalis sicocxle da janmrTeloba ufro maRla dgas, vidre

fetusisa.55

sasamarTlom mimarTa qalis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis uflebas,

rodesac ixilavda sakiTxs me�10 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro� ixilavda sakiTxs me�10 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro�ixilavda sakiTxs me�10 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro� sakiTxs me�10 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro�sakiTxs me�10 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro� me�10 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro�muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro� darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro�darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, ro� dakavSirebiT, ro�dakavSirebiT, ro� ro�ro�

melic exeba informaciis miRebasa da gavrcelebas. saqmeze _ Open Door Counseling and Dublin Well Woman v. Ireland56 — sasamarTlom daadgina,

rom amkrZalavi norma, romlis Sesabamisad qalTa janmrTelobis orma

klinikam irlandiaSi ar miawoda informacia qalebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad

51 Paton v. U.K.App. No. 8416/78, Eur. Comm. H.R., 13 May 1980, 3 EHRR 408 (1981), Dec. paras. 7-9.52 R.H. v. Norway, decision on admissibility, App. No. 17004/90, Eur. Comm. H.R., 19 May 1992. 53 Boso v. Italy, App. No. 50490/99, Eur. Comm. H.R., 5 September 2002. 54 Paton v. U.K, R.H. v Norway, para. 4, Boso v. Italy, para. 2.55 Paton v U.K., para.19.56 15 ECHR (Ser. A) (1992). cit. Right to Life and Security of the Person, ix. internetgverdze:

[http://www.moznostvolby.sk].

225


da rogor SeiZleboda abortis gakeTeba inglisSi, arRvevda konvenciis

me�10 muxls.57 sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, abortTan dakavSirebuli

informaciis gacvlis SezRudva safrTxis qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr� gacvlis SezRudva safrTxis qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr�gacvlis SezRudva safrTxis qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr� SezRudva safrTxis qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr�SezRudva safrTxis qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr� safrTxis qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr�safrTxis qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr� qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr�qveS ayenebda im qalTa janmr� ayenebda im qalTa janmr�ayenebda im qalTa janmr� im qalTa janmr�im qalTa janmr� qalTa janmr�qalTa janmr� janmr�janmr�

Telobas, visi fexmZimobac maTive janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom� visi fexmZimobac maTive janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom�visi fexmZimobac maTive janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom� fexmZimobac maTive janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom�fexmZimobac maTive janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom� maTive janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom�maTive janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom� janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom�janmrTelobisaTvis iyo zianis mom� iyo zianis mom�iyo zianis mom� zianis mom�zianis mom� mom�mom�

tani, Sesabamisad, amkrZlavi norma misaRwev mizanTan „araTanazomieri“

iyo, rameTu qalis janmrTelobis ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax� rameTu qalis janmrTelobis ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax�rameTu qalis janmrTelobis ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax� qalis janmrTelobis ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax�qalis janmrTelobis ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax� janmrTelobis ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax�janmrTelobis ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax� ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax�ufleba ufro maRla idga, vidre sax� ufro maRla idga, vidre sax�ufro maRla idga, vidre sax� maRla idga, vidre sax�maRla idga, vidre sax� idga, vidre sax�idga, vidre sax� vidre sax�vidre sax� sax�sax�

elmwifos interesi, daculiyo fetusis ufleba.58

gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetma aseTi saxis SezRudvebi miiCnia

samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me�6 muxlis

potenciuri darRvevis wyarod, roca daadgina kavSiri aralegalur da

safrTxis Semcvel abortebTan da dedis gardacvalebasTan.59 komitetma

gaakritika kanonmdebloba, romelic danaSaulad acxadebs da zRudavs

aborts. man gamoaqveyna mTeli rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi� man gamoaqveyna mTeli rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi�man gamoaqveyna mTeli rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi� gamoaqveyna mTeli rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi�gamoaqveyna mTeli rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi� mTeli rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi�mTeli rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi� rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi�rigi rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi� rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi�rekomendaciebisa wevri saxelmwi� wevri saxelmwi�wevri saxelmwi� saxelmwi�saxelmwi�

foebisaTvis, rogorebicaa: argentina, Cile da kosta�rika da urCia maT,

gadaexedaT da cvlilebebi SeetanaT sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle� da cvlilebebi SeetanaT sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle�da cvlilebebi SeetanaT sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle� cvlilebebi SeetanaT sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle�cvlilebebi SeetanaT sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle� SeetanaT sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle�SeetanaT sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle� sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle�sakuTar kanonmdeblobebSi, romle� kanonmdeblobebSi, romle�kanonmdeblobebSi, romle� romle�romle�

bic abortis kriminalizebas axdendnen, radganac is arRvevda sicocx� abortis kriminalizebas axdendnen, radganac is arRvevda sicocx�abortis kriminalizebas axdendnen, radganac is arRvevda sicocx� kriminalizebas axdendnen, radganac is arRvevda sicocx�radganac is arRvevda sicocx� is arRvevda sicocx�is arRvevda sicocx� arRvevda sicocx�arRvevda sicocx� sicocx�sicocx�

lis uflebas.60

7.3. Tanasworobis ufleba

kanoniT fetusisaTvis fizikuri piris statusis miniWeba safrTxes

uqmnis aseve qalis uflebas Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal� aseve qalis uflebas Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal�aseve qalis uflebas Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal� qalis uflebas Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal�qalis uflebas Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal� uflebas Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal�uflebas Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal� Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal�Tanasworobasa Tu diskriminaciis akrZal� diskriminaciis akrZal�diskriminaciis akrZal� akrZal�akrZal�

vaze, rac daculia evropuli konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev� rac daculia evropuli konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev�rac daculia evropuli konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev� daculia evropuli konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev�daculia evropuli konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev� evropuli konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev�evropuli konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev� konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev�konvenciis me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev� me�14 muxliT. marTalia, ev�muxliT. marTalia, ev� marTalia, ev�marTalia, ev� ev�ev�

ropul sasamarTlosa da komisias ar miumarTavT sakiTxis amgvarad

57 iqve, para. 80.58 iqve.59 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Bolivia, 01/04/97, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/

Add.74, 22; Colombia, 01/04/97, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.76, 24; Mongolia, 25/05/2000, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.120, 8(b); Peru, 15/11/2000, U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/70/PER, 20; Poland, 29/07/99, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.110, 11; Senegal, 19/11/97, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add 82, 12. cit.: ix. 41�e sqolio.

60 ix. Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Argentina, 03/11/2000, U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/70/ARG, 14; Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Chile, supra note 53, 15; Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Costa Rica, 08/04/99, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.107, 11; Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Peru, supra note 22, 20; Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: United Republic of Tanzania, 18/08/98, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.97, 15; Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Commit-tee: Venezuela, 26/04/2001, U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/71/VEN, 19 cit.: ix. me�12 sqolio.

226

nino farsadaniSvili

gadawyvetisTvis, magram qalTa winaaRmdeg diskriminaciis akrZalvis

(CEDAW) gaeros komitetma am mimarTulebiT garkveuli analizi war� komitetma am mimarTulebiT garkveuli analizi war�komitetma am mimarTulebiT garkveuli analizi war� am mimarTulebiT garkveuli analizi war�am mimarTulebiT garkveuli analizi war� mimarTulebiT garkveuli analizi war�mimarTulebiT garkveuli analizi war� garkveuli analizi war�garkveuli analizi war� analizi war�analizi war� war�war�

moadgina. man aRniSna, rom:

`kanonebi, romlebic danaSaulebrivad acxadeben da sjian qalebs

mxolod maTTvis saWiro samedicino procedurebis gamoyenebisTvis,

qmnian bariers, rac xels uSlis maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu� bariers, rac xels uSlis maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu�bariers, rac xels uSlis maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu� rac xels uSlis maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu�rac xels uSlis maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu� xels uSlis maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu�xels uSlis maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu� maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu�maT, mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu� mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu�mimarTon janmrTelobis SenarCu� janmrTelobis SenarCu�janmrTelobis SenarCu� SenarCu�SenarCu�

nebis aucilebel procedurebs. es ki TavisTavad diskriminaciis gamov� aucilebel procedurebs. es ki TavisTavad diskriminaciis gamov�aucilebel procedurebs. es ki TavisTavad diskriminaciis gamov� procedurebs. es ki TavisTavad diskriminaciis gamov�procedurebs. es ki TavisTavad diskriminaciis gamov� TavisTavad diskriminaciis gamov�TavisTavad diskriminaciis gamov� diskriminaciis gamov�diskriminaciis gamov� gamov�gamov�

linebaa janmrTelobis sakiTxSi.~61

8. saeklesio midgoma

naSromis wina Tavebi daTmobili aqvs fetusis uflebis aRiarebis

samarTlebriv mxares, magram metad saintereso da mniSvnelovania mar�mar�

Tlmadadidebeli eklesiis midgoma zogadad adamianis sicocxlis da� eklesiis midgoma zogadad adamianis sicocxlis da�

sabamisa da Canasaxis dacvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. yvelasaTvis cxa�

dia, rom eklesia dedis wiaRSi myof pataras cocxal arsebad miiCnevs da

gmobs mis mokvdinebas, Tumca am mosazrebis ufro naTlad warmosaCenad

umjobesia saeklesio pirTa gamonaTqvamebis moyvana.

8.1. rodidan iwyeba sicocxle _ religiuri da mecnieruli xedva

mRvdel aleqsandre zaxarovis mosazrebiTa da saeklesio SexedulebiT:

àdamianis cxovreba arc dabadebiT iwyeba da arc sikvdiliT mTavrde�

ba. am ori TariRiT moisazRvreba mxolod adamianis cxovrebis etapi. am

etaps win uswrebs dediseul organizmSi arseboba mucladyofnis Jams,

xolo mosdevs _ imqveyniuri cxovreba.~62

dedis wiaRSi myofi Canasaxi cocxali adamiania, cocxali arsebaa. es

aris is erT�erTi sakiTxi, razec Tanxmdeba eklesiac da mecnierebac,

oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom eklesia icavs, da yovelTvis icavda, fetu�fetu�

sis sicocxles, xolo mecniereba mas upirispirdeboda da amas kvlavac

61 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Women and Health, General Rec. 24, 20th Session, para. 14.

62 mRvdeli al. zaxarovi, „aborti aris eris ganadgurebis gza“, gaz. „aRsavali“, #5�8, 2004 w.

227


ganagrZobs. dacvis garantiebze gadasvlamde upriania moxmobil iqnes

wminda grigol noselis Semdegi sityvebi:

ùsicocxlo da usulo sagnebs ar gaaCniaT moZraobisa da zrdis

Zala, magram arvin uaryofs, arc arvin eWvobs, rom dedis saSoSi kvebili

arseba, jer arSobili yrma, izrdeba da moZraobs sivrceSi. ase rom, ga�arSobili yrma, izrdeba da moZraobs sivrceSi. ase rom, ga� yrma, izrdeba da moZraobs sivrceSi. ase rom, ga�

mosavali erTia: unda vaRiaroT, rom adamianis sulsa da xorcs erTi da

erTdrouli dasabami aqvs.~ 63

amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa aseve parizis universitetis pro�

fesoris, ujredis genetikis specialist ieronim leJenis mosazreba,

risi gacnobis Semdegac cxadi xdeba religiisa da mecnierebis Sexed�

ulebaTa Tanxvedra sicocxlis sawyisTan dakavSirebiT: „adamianuri ar�

seba sicocxles iwyebs ganayofierebis momentidan. am wuTidan is sru�

lyofili da unikaluria. es ki imas niSnavs, rom nebismieri asakis Cana�

saxis ganadgureba adamianis mkvlelobis tolfasia.“64

8.2. fetusis pirovnuloba da misi mokvdineba

religiis gadmosaxedidan sainteresoa ara marto sicocxlis dasawy�

isis dadgena, aramed isic, Tu rogori damokidebuleba aqvT sasuliero

pirebs fetusis mokvdinebasa da mis pirovnulobasTan: „wminda aTenagora

aTeneli 177 wels werda: „ratom miviCnevT muclis moSlas mkvlelobad?

imitom, rom nayofi ar ekuTvnis mas, vis saSoSicaa, is Seqmnili arsebaa

da, maSasadame, RvTis zrunvis sagania, mas ki klaven.“65 am sityvebidan

calsaxad ikveTeba is garemoeba, rom religiuri gadmosaxedidan Cana�

saxi aris pirovneba, radganac is ar ekuTvnis imas, vis wiaRSic imyofeba.

„romeli saSosa dedisasa miicvala da ara movida am qveynad, hasakiTa

srulqmnis mas umal [msajuli], odes moaqvs cxovrebad mkvdarTa [sayov�

elTao aRdgomis Jams]... da romelTa aq ver ixiles erTurTi _ imqveynad

ixilvian, da deda scnobs, rom ese ars Ze Tvisi da Svilica agrZnobs,

rom igia deda misi...“66

63 „sulsa da mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze“, cit.: n. dvaliSvili, „yvelaze patara“, gv.1, ix. internet�gverdze: [www.ortodoxy.ge].

64 „mecniereba abortis Sesaxeb“, Targmna q. goguam, gazeTi `mrevli~, #5, (29), 1999w. ix. in�ternetgverdze: [www.ortodoxy.ge].

65 63�e sqolio, iqve.66 efrem asuri, „SiSisaTvis RvTisa da ukanaskneli samsjavrosaTvis“, 62�e sqolio, iqve.

228

nino farsadaniSvili

basili didis mosazrebiT, Casaxuli nayofis ganzrax mokvdinebisaTvis ada�

miani imsaxurebs iseTsave sasjels, rogorsac mkvlelobisaTvis.67 amas emateba

„didaqes“ wignSi arsebuli wesi: „ar moamzado jadoqruli wamlebi, nu moaS� wignSi arsebuli wesi: „ar moamzado jadoqruli wamlebi, nu moaS�

Tob Cvils (abortiT) da nu moklav dabadebuls.“68 igive azria gatarebuli

barnabas epistoleSic: „nu moklav Cvils mucelSi da nurc axaldabadebuls.“69 „ufalma jer kidev samoTxeSi misca adamianebs mcneba: „inayofiereT

da imravleT“,70 „dedakaci… cxondebis SvilTasxmisagan, ukueTu egnen

sarwmunoebiT da siyuaruliT da siwmindiT Rirsebasa zeda“. 71

mRvdel aleqsandre zaxarovis SexedulebiT, àdamianebi, romlebic

hklaven bavSvebs sakuTari sxeulis wiaRSi, hgvanan herodes, romelmac

Sehmusra 14 aTasi yrma, raTa aravis SesZleboda misTvis xelis SeSla

cxovrebaSi. isini herodeze uaresni arian, radgan es yrmebi, yovel Sem�herodeze uaresni arian, radgan es yrmebi, yovel Sem� uaresni arian, radgan es yrmebi, yovel Sem�

TxvevaSi, misi sakuTari Svilebi mainc ar yofilan~.72

`�� s. avtori tertuliane ver xedavs gansxvavebas dabadebulis si� s. avtori tertuliane ver xedavs gansxvavebas dabadebulis si�s. avtori tertuliane ver xedavs gansxvavebas dabadebulis si� avtori tertuliane ver xedavs gansxvavebas dabadebulis si�tertuliane ver xedavs gansxvavebas dabadebulis si� ver xedavs gansxvavebas dabadebulis si�

cocxlis mospobasa da dabadebisaTvis xelis SeSlas Soris. rogorc igi

miiCnevs, dabadebis akrZalva swrafi mkvlelobaa mxolod.~ 73

klimenti aleqsandrieli (�� s.) aborts `Semoqmedis mier Cafiqre�aleqsandrieli (�� s.) aborts `Semoqmedis mier Cafiqre� (�� s.) aborts `Semoqmedis mier Cafiqre�(�� s.) aborts `Semoqmedis mier Cafiqre� s.) aborts `Semoqmedis mier Cafiqre�s.) aborts `Semoqmedis mier Cafiqre� aborts `Semoqmedis mier Cafiqre�

buli gegmis xelyofas~ uwodebda.74

religiis kvaldakval aranakleb sainteresoa samedicino sferoSi

moRvawe ori eqimis SexedulebaTa dapirispirebac, saidanac kargad Cans

is siWrele sazogadoebisa, romelic gansxvavebul moralur Rirebule�siWrele sazogadoebisa, romelic gansxvavebul moralur Rirebule� sazogadoebisa, romelic gansxvavebul moralur Rirebule�

bebze dayrdnobiT emsaxureba sakuTar saqmes. qvemoT moyvanili fraze�

bidan kargad ikveTeba yovelive da mkiTxveli sakuTar daskvnas usaTu�

od gamoitans.

hipokrates ficSi, romelic safuZvlad edo samedicino eTikas,

amgvari aRTqmaa: „arc erT qals ar mivcem abortisaTvis wamals“. (q�mde

V saukune).75

67 mRvdeli al. zaxarovi, ix. 62�e sqolio.68 eri isjeba abortis codvebis gamo, ix. 69�e sqolio.69 n. TaraSvili, „eri isjeba abortis codvebis gamo“, gazeTi „sapatriarqos uwyebani,“ #24

(232), 2003.70 Sesaq. 1,28, cit.: ix. 69�e sqolio.71 1 tim. 2,14, cit.: ix. 69�e sqolio.72 mRvdeli al. zaxarovi, ix. 62�e sqolio.73 apologia, 197w. cit.: ix. 63�e sqolio.74 cit.: ix 63�e sqolio.75 cit.: ix. 69�e sqolio.

229


ai, ras ambobs amis sapirispirod cinizmiT gaJRenTili erTi Taname�

drove „eqimi“�abortmaxeri: „raskvirvelia, es arseba adamiania, magram

Cven ara varT valdebuli, mivceT mas sicocxlis viza.“76

„saSinelia araTu mkvleloba, rogorc aseTi, aramed is, rom es Cveu�

lebriv ambad iqca, rasac yvelani mieCvivnen.“77

8.3. abortis gasamarTlebeli mizezi

abortis gasamarTlebel arcerT mosazrebas ar iziarebs samRvde�

loeba da es arc aris gasakviri, magram aris mxolod erTaderTi mizezi

imisa, rom moxdes mSobiarobis xelovnuri Sewyvetis gamarTleba re�

ligiuri gadmosaxedidan. es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac dedis sicocxles

safrTxe emuqreba. amas mRvdeli aleqsandre zaxarovis mosazrebac

adasturebs:

`Tumca aq isic unda iTqvas, rom es mizezi, raRa Tqma unda, yvelaze se�

riozuli da sapatioa abortisaTvis. SeuZlebelia, yvela qals, ginda Tu

ara, movTxovoT gmiroba, gansakuTrebiT im qalebs, romlebsac imqveyn�

iuri cxovrebisa ara swamT. Tu marTlac aris seriozuli saSiSroeba

dedisaTvis, unda mivceT mas arCevanis ufleba _ visi sicocxle ixsnas:

Tavisi Tu bavSvisa. me, rogorc morwmune qristiani, darwmunebuli var,

rom is adre Tu gvian inanebs, Tuki airCevs Tavisas. Tanac, gonebis Tvalis

axela moxdeba ukve aqav, amier cxovrebaSi. amas me vadastureb, rogorc

marTlmadidebeli mRvdelmsaxuri: Zalian xSirad es procesi amqveyniur

cxovrebaSi xdeba. amitomac, Tumc ki damcda, rom „arCevanis ufleba unda

davutovoT�meTqi“ (Tanac Cemi sityvebi ukan rodi mimaqvs), magram, sul

erTia, minda SegevedroT: „daikoebo� Zvirfasebo� gaakeTeT swori arCeva�„daikoebo� Zvirfasebo� gaakeTeT swori arCeva� Zvirfasebo� gaakeTeT swori arCeva�arCeva�

ni�“ am sakiTxSi daSvebulma Secdomam SeiZleba daamaxinjos mTeli Tqveni

Semdgomi miwieri cxovreba, rom araferi vTqvaT zeciurze.~ 78

am sityvebis Semdeg Znelia komentaris gakeTeba da miT ufro raime

axlis Tqma, Tumca unda aRiniSnos is, rom TiToeuli adamiani Tavad

76 „adamianis Canasaxi _ sulisa da xorcis erTianoba“, n. dvaliSvili, ix. 56�e sqolio.77 mRvdeli al. zaxarovi, ix. 62�e sqolio.78 mRvdeli aleqsandre zaxarovi, ix. 62�e sqolio.

230

nino farsadaniSvili

akeTebs arCevans _ rogor surs momavali cxovrebis warmarTva. ubralod,

upriani iqneba, yvelam Seisminos es mowodeba, moaxdinos fexmZimobis

Sewyveta mxolod janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauaresebis SemTxvevaSi

da xeli Seuwyos qveyanaSi arsebuli demografiuli problemis mogvare�

bas.

8.4. covdiT savse saqarTvelo

„ar SeiZleba, RvTismSoblis wilxvedr saqarTvelos RvTis wyalobis

imedi hqondes, Tuki Tavisi Svilebis xocvas ar Sewyvets.“79

upriani iqneba, Tu davimowmebT gabriel beris xilvas, romelic

swored abortis Sesaxebaa:

`mqonda xilva. ori cxedari wamomewia, mklavebSi xeli momkides da

TeTri Senobisaken wamiyvanes. didi darbazis qvis iataki mofenili iyo

TiTis sigrZe mkvdari, gasisxlianebuli bavSvebiT. Werze arsebuli

xvrelidan kvlav cvioda daxocili bavSvebi. uecrad Semomesma xma: mo�

brZandeba deda RvTisa, mobrZandeba. movbrundi da kedels avekari.

RvTismSobeli Semosasvlel karTan dadga da mrisxane saxiT Semomxeda.

_ amaTi gadarCenisTvis mevedrebiT? sakuTari Svilebis sisxlSi aqvT

xelebi gasvrili.

ganrisxebuli deda RvTisa ver warmomedgina. miwa gamskdomoda da

Cavvardniliyavi, is merCia. RvTismSobeli dascqeroda daxocil bavS�

vebs, Semdgom uxmod gabrunda da wavida. Tvalcremliani yofila Turme

mama gabrieli, rodesac amas brZanebda.~ 80 aseTia samRvdeloebisa da wmindanebis damokidebuleba Cven So�

ris gavrcelebul am metad mZime codvaze. samwuxarod, codviT savse

adamianebi arafers cdiloben imisaTvis, rom gamoasworon sakuTari

cxovrebis gza. maT pilates pozicia aqvT gaTavisebuli, romelmac:

„moiTxova wyali, xalxis winaSe daibana xelebi da Tqva: me ubralo var

am marTlis sisxlSi.“81

79 sapatriarqos prescentri, „gamoucxadebeli omi STamomavlobis winaaRmdeg.“ ix. internet�gverdze: [www.ortodoxy.ge].

80 „mama gabrielis xilva”, cit.: ix. 63�e sqolio.81 maTe, 27;14, axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi, stokholmi, 1998.

231


9. daskvna

statiaSi mimoxiluli praqtikidan Cans, rom fetusis ufleba dRei�fetusis ufleba dRei�ufleba dRei�

saTvis ar aris daculi. ufro konkretulad ki, marTalia, aRiarebu�

lia, rom fetusi cocxali arsebaa, magram is mainc ar aris miCneuli

dedis tolfas samarTlebriv sikeTed. Sesabamisad, fexmZime qals rCeba

ufleba imisa, rom moaxdinos orsulobis xelovnuri Sewyveta da veravin

aiZulebs mas, SeinarCunos Canasaxi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi moxdeba dar�

Rveva qalis iseTi ZiriTadi uflebebisa, rogorebicaa: ufleba pirad

cxovrebaze, usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da Tanasworobisa da ara�

diskriminaciulobis ufleba.

Tumca aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom xsenebul uflebaTa darRveva saxeze ar

iqneba, Tu fexmZime qali Tavad ityvis uars orsulobis xelovnur Sew�

yvetaze sxvadasxva faqtoris gamo. faqtia, rom saxelmwifoSi arsebuli

useriozulesi problema, rogoricaa eris dabereba, moiTxovs qmediTi

RonisZiebebis gatarebas, imisaTvis, raTa moxdes sakiTxis mowesrige�

ba. am mxriv Zalze mniSvnelovania abortis kanonmdeblobis daxvewa da

mSobiarobis waxaliseba, Tumca aseve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom saqarT�

velos kanonmdeblobiT abortis sruli akrZalva ar SeiZleba, rameTu

saxelmwifos aRebuli aqvs mTeli rigi saerTaSoriso valdebulebebi�

sa, romlebic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis dadebiT gamoixateba da

romelTac qveyana ver daarRvevs im motiviT, rom msgavs sakiTxs misi

kanonmdebloba gansxvavebulad aregulirebs.

kanonmdeblobis evropul standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis

kvaldakval saWiroa, saxelmwifom moaxdinos daojaxebisa da gamrav�

lebis waxaliseba, riTic SeZlebs problemis mogvarebas. am mxriv Za�

lian mniSvnelovania kaTalikos�patriarqis, uwmindesisa da unetaresi

ilia ��is mier yoveli mesame da Semdgomi bavSvis monaTvla. es problema

aRmoifxvreba, amas saxelmwifoc rom SeuerTdes da moxdes ara marto

erTjeradi daxmarebis gacema mravalSviliani ojaxebisaTvis, aramed

maTi ufro metad waxaliseba sxvadasxva fondis daxmarebiTa da qmediTi

meTodebis gamoyenebiT, konkretulad ki, mravalSviliani ojaxebisaT�

vis yovelTviuri daxmarebis gaweviT da SeRavaTebiT swavlis safasuris

gadaxdisas.

232

evropul saxelmwifoTa sakonstitucio sasamarTloebi — erovnul doneze saqmis warmoebis bolo instancia adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvamde

salome Sulaia

1. Sesavali

adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvencias bevri miiCnevs adamianis

uflebaTa dacvis yvelaze efeqtian saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebad,

romelmac daaarsa ganviTarebuli saerTaSoriso sazedamxedvelo meqa� daaarsa ganviTarebuli saerTaSoriso sazedamxedvelo meqa�daaarsa ganviTarebuli saerTaSoriso sazedamxedvelo meqa� ganviTarebuli saerTaSoriso sazedamxedvelo meqa�ganviTarebuli saerTaSoriso sazedamxedvelo meqa� saerTaSoriso sazedamxedvelo meqa�saerTaSoriso sazedamxedvelo meqa� sazedamxedvelo meqa�sazedamxedvelo meqa� meqa�meqa�

nizmi.1 es meqanizmi ki adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro�es meqanizmi ki adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro� meqanizmi ki adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro�meqanizmi ki adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro� ki adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro�ki adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro� adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro�adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro� uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro�uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloa, ro� evropuli sasamarTloa, ro�evropuli sasamarTloa, ro� sasamarTloa, ro�sasamarTloa, ro� ro�ro�

melic misi daarsebis dRidan efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre� misi daarsebis dRidan efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre�misi daarsebis dRidan efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre� daarsebis dRidan efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre�daarsebis dRidan efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre� dRidan efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre�dRidan efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre� efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre�efeqtianad axorcielebs masze dakisre� axorcielebs masze dakisre�axorcielebs masze dakisre� masze dakisre�masze dakisre� dakisre�dakisre�

bul misias.

miuxedavad imisa, rom wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT� imisa, rom wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT�imisa, rom wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT� rom wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT�rom wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT� wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT�wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT� saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT�saxelmwifoebisTvis evropuli sasamarT� evropuli sasamarT�evropuli sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los gadawyvetilebebi ar aris savaldebulo erga omnes,2 saxelmwifoeb�

ma unda gaiTvaliswinon sxva qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile� unda gaiTvaliswinon sxva qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile�unda gaiTvaliswinon sxva qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile� gaiTvaliswinon sxva qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile�gaiTvaliswinon sxva qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile� sxva qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile�sxva qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile� qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile�qveynebis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile� mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile�mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetile� gamotanili gadawyvetile�gamotanili gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

bebi, raTa uzrunvelyon qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev� raTa uzrunvelyon qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev�raTa uzrunvelyon qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev� uzrunvelyon qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev�uzrunvelyon qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev� qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev�qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev� Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev�Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev� kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev�kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba ev� Sesabamisoba ev�Sesabamisoba ev� ev�ev�

ropul konvenciasTan.3

winamdebare naSromi ki adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlo� ki adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlo�ki adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlo� adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlo�adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlo� uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlo�uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlo� evropul sasamarTlo�evropul sasamarTlo� sasamarTlo�sasamarTlo�

Si saqmis ganxilvamde erovnul doneze sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

1 k.korkelia, i.qurdaZe, adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis mixedviT, Tb., 2004 gv.10.

2 àdamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ evropuli konvenciis 46�e muxli.

3 evropuli konvencia ZalaSi Sevida 1953 wlis 3 seqtembers. wevr saxelmwifoTaTvis aRniS�nuli konvencia warmoSobs iuridiul valdebulebebs. evropul konvencias saqarTvelom xeli moawera 1999 wlis 27 aprils. saqarTvelos parlamentis mier konvenciis ratifici�rebis Sedegad qveynisaTvis igi ZalaSi Sevida 1999 wlis 20 maiss.

233


uflebamosilebasa da mis efeqtianobas exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu� da mis efeqtianobas exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu�da mis efeqtianobas exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu� mis efeqtianobas exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu�mis efeqtianobas exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu� efeqtianobas exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu�efeqtianobas exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu� exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu�exeba. kerZod, masSi ganxilu� kerZod, masSi ganxilu�kerZod, masSi ganxilu� masSi ganxilu�masSi ganxilu� ganxilu�ganxilu�

lia evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoTa sakonstitucio sasamarTloebi

rogorc erovnul doneze saqmis ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq� erovnul doneze saqmis ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq�erovnul doneze saqmis ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq� doneze saqmis ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq�doneze saqmis ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq� saqmis ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq�saqmis ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq� ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq�ganxilvis bolo instancia, maTi praq� bolo instancia, maTi praq�bolo instancia, maTi praq� instancia, maTi praq�instancia, maTi praq� maTi praq�maTi praq� praq�praq�

tika da saqmianobis efeqtianoba, gadawyvetileba saqmisa _ apostoli

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg da veneciis komisiis (evropuli komisia de�da veneciis komisiis (evropuli komisia de� veneciis komisiis (evropuli komisia de�veneciis komisiis (evropuli komisia de� komisiis (evropuli komisia de�komisiis (evropuli komisia de� (evropuli komisia de�(evropuli komisia de� komisia de�komisia de� de�de�

mokratiisaTvis samarTlis meSveobiT) rekomendaciebi.

naSromis ZiriTadi mizani im saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa� ZiriTadi mizani im saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa�ZiriTadi mizani im saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa� mizani im saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa�mizani im saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa� im saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa�im saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa� saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa�saSualebebis gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa� gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa�gamonaxvaa, romlebic Sesa� romlebic Sesa�romlebic Sesa� Sesa�Sesa�

Zlebels gaxdis evropul sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa� gaxdis evropul sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa�gaxdis evropul sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa� evropul sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa�evropul sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa� sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa�sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa� saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa�saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Sesa� winaaRmdeg Sesa�winaaRmdeg Sesa� Sesa�Sesa�

tan ganacxadTa raodenobis Semcirebas, amave dros, erovnul doneze

moaxdens iseTi procedurebis danergvas, romlebic ufro efeqtians

gaxdis samarTalwarmoebas da qveynis prestiJis dacvasac moaxerxebs

rogorc erovnul, aseve saerTaSoriso arenazec. amisaTvis saWiroa,

ufro konkretulad iqnes Seswavlili evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde� konkretulad iqnes Seswavlili evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde�konkretulad iqnes Seswavlili evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde� iqnes Seswavlili evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde�iqnes Seswavlili evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde� Seswavlili evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde�Seswavlili evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde� evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde�evropul saxelmwifoTa kanonmde� saxelmwifoTa kanonmde�saxelmwifoTa kanonmde� kanonmde�kanonmde�

bloba da maTi samarTalwarmoeba, Sejerebul iqnes sxvadasxva magaliTi

da maT safuZvelze Camoyalibdes Sesabamisi modeli.

naSromSi ganxiluli iqneba uSualod konvenciis 35�e4 muxlis pirveli

punqti da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis amowurvis sakiTxi, maSin,

rodesac sakonstitucio sasamarTloa erovnul doneze saqmis ganxilvis

bolo instancia.

naSromis mizania ganxilul iqnes evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon� mizania ganxilul iqnes evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon�mizania ganxilul iqnes evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon� ganxilul iqnes evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon�ganxilul iqnes evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon� iqnes evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon�iqnes evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon� evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon�evropuli saxelmwifoebis kanon� saxelmwifoebis kanon�saxelmwifoebis kanon� kanon�kanon�

mdebloba da praqtika, dadgindes, rogoria maTi efeqtianoba da Semdeg

moxdes aRniSnulis qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo xelisu� aRniSnulis qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo xelisu�aRniSnulis qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo xelisu� qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo xelisu�qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo xelisu� kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo xelisu�kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo xelisu� da sasamarTlo xelisu�da sasamarTlo xelisu� sasamarTlo xelisu�sasamarTlo xelisu� xelisu�xelisu�

flebaSi, kerZod ki sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi, danergva. amasTan, ar

unda dagvaviwydes, rom im qveynebis sakonstitucio sasamarTloebmac,

romlebic dRes e.w. `misabaZ magaliTebad~ iTvlebian, gaiares aRniSnu� dRes e.w. `misabaZ magaliTebad~ iTvlebian, gaiares aRniSnu�dRes e.w. `misabaZ magaliTebad~ iTvlebian, gaiares aRniSnu� e.w. `misabaZ magaliTebad~ iTvlebian, gaiares aRniSnu�`misabaZ magaliTebad~ iTvlebian, gaiares aRniSnu� magaliTebad~ iTvlebian, gaiares aRniSnu�magaliTebad~ iTvlebian, gaiares aRniSnu� gaiares aRniSnu�gaiares aRniSnu� aRniSnu�aRniSnu�

li gza da maTi efeqtianoba im rekomendaciebisa da gadawyvetilebebis

Sedegia, romlebic amJamad uSualod saqarTvelos mimarT xorcieldeba.

pirvel TavSi ganxiluli iqneba uSualod saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba,

sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis uflebamosileba da saq� sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis uflebamosileba da saq�sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis uflebamosileba da saq� sarCelis Setanis uflebamosileba da saq�sarCelis Setanis uflebamosileba da saq� Setanis uflebamosileba da saq�Setanis uflebamosileba da saq� uflebamosileba da saq�uflebamosileba da saq� da saq�da saq� saq�saq�

mis ganxilvis procedura. aseve SevexebiT adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

4 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT gansazRvrulia ganacxadis dasaSvebobis wina�pirobebi, kerZod, konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, saqme gansax�ilvelad miiRos mxolod mas Semdeg, rac amoiwureba samarTlebrivi dacvis yvela Sidasax�elmwifoebrivi saSualeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli normebis Tanaxmad, Tu gasuli ar aris eqvsi Tve saqmeze Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saboloo gadaw�yvetilebis gamotanis TariRidan.

234

salome Sulaia

sasamarTlos mier ganxilul saqmes _ apostoli saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

da dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev� dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev�dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev� ganvixilavT veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev�ganvixilavT veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev� veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev�veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev� komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev�komisiis rekomendaciebsa da ev� rekomendaciebsa da ev�rekomendaciebsa da ev� da ev�da ev� ev�ev�

ropuli sasamarTlos samarTlebriv Sefasebas erovnul doneze samarT� sasamarTlos samarTlebriv Sefasebas erovnul doneze samarT�sasamarTlos samarTlebriv Sefasebas erovnul doneze samarT� samarTlebriv Sefasebas erovnul doneze samarT�samarTlebriv Sefasebas erovnul doneze samarT� Sefasebas erovnul doneze samarT�Sefasebas erovnul doneze samarT� erovnul doneze samarT�erovnul doneze samarT� doneze samarT�doneze samarT� samarT�samarT�

lebrivi saSualebebis amowurvis Taobaze (konvenciis 35�e muxli); meore

Tavi uSualod evropul saxelmwifoTa konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti� uSualod evropul saxelmwifoTa konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti�uSualod evropul saxelmwifoTa konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti� evropul saxelmwifoTa konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti�evropul saxelmwifoTa konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti� saxelmwifoTa konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti�saxelmwifoTa konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti� konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti�konstituciebsa da maTi sakonsti� da maTi sakonsti�da maTi sakonsti� maTi sakonsti�maTi sakonsti� sakonsti�sakonsti�

tucio sasamarTloebis praqtikas eTmoba. kerZod, saubaria: germaniis,

slovakeTis, espaneTis, ruseTis federaciis, CexeTis, ungreTis, ukrainis,

poloneTis sakonstitucio sasamarTloebze da, ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix� sakonstitucio sasamarTloebze da, ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix�sakonstitucio sasamarTloebze da, ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix� sasamarTloebze da, ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix�sasamarTloebze da, ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix� da, ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix�da, ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix� ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix�ra Tqma unda, aqac ganix� Tqma unda, aqac ganix�Tqma unda, aqac ganix� unda, aqac ganix�unda, aqac ganix� aqac ganix�aqac ganix� ganix�ganix�

ileba evropuli sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi konkretul saxelmwi� evropuli sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi konkretul saxelmwi�evropuli sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi konkretul saxelmwi� sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi konkretul saxelmwi�sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi konkretul saxelmwi� gadawyvetilebebi konkretul saxelmwi�gadawyvetilebebi konkretul saxelmwi� konkretul saxelmwi�konkretul saxelmwi� saxelmwi�saxelmwi�

foebTan mimarTebiT.

daskvnaSi ki evropuli qveynebis magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar� ki evropuli qveynebis magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar�ki evropuli qveynebis magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar� evropuli qveynebis magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar�evropuli qveynebis magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar� qveynebis magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar�qveynebis magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar� magaliTebidan gamoiyofa is mimar�is mimar� mimar�mimar�

Tulebebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi ufro efeqtiani gaxde� romelTa gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi ufro efeqtiani gaxde�romelTa gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi ufro efeqtiani gaxde� gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi ufro efeqtiani gaxde�gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi ufro efeqtiani gaxde� SemTxvevaSi ufro efeqtiani gaxde�SemTxvevaSi ufro efeqtiani gaxde� ufro efeqtiani gaxde�ufro efeqtiani gaxde� efeqtiani gaxde�efeqtiani gaxde� gaxde�gaxde�

ba erovnul doneze sakonstitucio sasamarTlos saqmianoba da, amasTan,

gaizrdeba misi kompetenciis farglebic.

2. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da apostolis saqmis gadawyvetileba

saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze sasamarTlo xelisufleba xor� mTel teritoriaze sasamarTlo xelisufleba xor�mTel teritoriaze sasamarTlo xelisufleba xor� teritoriaze sasamarTlo xelisufleba xor�teritoriaze sasamarTlo xelisufleba xor� sasamarTlo xelisufleba xor�sasamarTlo xelisufleba xor� xelisufleba xor�xelisufleba xor� xor�xor�

cieldeba sakonstitucio kontrolis, marTlmsajulebisa da kanoniT

dadgenili sxva formebis meSveobiT. sasamarTlo aqtebi savaldebuloa

yvela sxva saxelmwifo organosa da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito� sxva saxelmwifo organosa da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito�sxva saxelmwifo organosa da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito� saxelmwifo organosa da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito�saxelmwifo organosa da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito� organosa da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito�organosa da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito� da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito�da pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito� pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito�pirisaTvis qveynis mTel terito� qveynis mTel terito�qveynis mTel terito� mTel terito�mTel terito� terito�terito�

riaze, sasamarTlo xelisufleba damoukidebelia da mas axorcieleben

mxolod sasamarTloebi.5

saqarTvelos konstituciis 42�e muxlis pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu� konstituciis 42�e muxlis pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu�konstituciis 42�e muxlis pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu� 42�e muxlis pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu�42�e muxlis pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu� muxlis pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu�muxlis pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu� pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu�pirveli punqtiT aRiarebu� punqtiT aRiarebu�punqtiT aRiarebu� aRiarebu�aRiarebu�

li sasamarTlo dacvis ZiriTadi ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT� sasamarTlo dacvis ZiriTadi ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT�sasamarTlo dacvis ZiriTadi ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT� dacvis ZiriTadi ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT�dacvis ZiriTadi ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT� ZiriTadi ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT�ZiriTadi ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT� ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT�ufleba formalurad sasamarTlosaT� formalurad sasamarTlosaT�formalurad sasamarTlosaT� sasamarTlosaT�sasamarTlosaT�

vis mimarTvis SesaZleblobas niSnavs, xolo Sinaarsobrivad _ adamianis

srulyofil, yovlismomcvel samarTlebriv dacvas uzrunvelyofs.

sasamarTlo dacva efeqtiani SeiZleba iyos mxolod maSin, roca igi

droulad xorcieldeba. erTi mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa� xorcieldeba. erTi mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa�xorcieldeba. erTi mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa� erTi mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa�erTi mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa� mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa�mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa� es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa�es niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa� niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa�niSnavs, rom, samarTliani sa� rom, samarTliani sa�rom, samarTliani sa� samarTliani sa�samarTliani sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos ZiriTadi uflebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo procesebi

unda Catardes gonivrulad misaReb vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus� Catardes gonivrulad misaReb vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus�Catardes gonivrulad misaReb vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus� gonivrulad misaReb vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus�gonivrulad misaReb vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus� misaReb vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus�misaReb vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus� vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus�vadebSi da ar moxdes maTi daus� da ar moxdes maTi daus�da ar moxdes maTi daus� ar moxdes maTi daus�ar moxdes maTi daus� moxdes maTi daus�moxdes maTi daus� maTi daus�maTi daus� daus�daus�

5 saqarTvelos konstitucia, 84�e muxli.

235


rulebeli gaWianureba. amiT samarTliani sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle� gaWianureba. amiT samarTliani sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle�gaWianureba. amiT samarTliani sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle� amiT samarTliani sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle�amiT samarTliani sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle� samarTliani sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle�samarTliani sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle� sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle�sasamarTlos ZiriTadi ufle� ZiriTadi ufle�ZiriTadi ufle� ufle�ufle�

ba moiTxovs, rom marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga� moiTxovs, rom marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga�moiTxovs, rom marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga� rom marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga�rom marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga� marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga�marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga� ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga�ganxorcieldes iseTi dayovnebis ga� iseTi dayovnebis ga�iseTi dayovnebis ga� dayovnebis ga�dayovnebis ga� ga�ga�

reSe, romelic adamians ar daukargavs mis ndobas.

grZeli da dausrulebeli sasamarTlo procedura aris konstituci� da dausrulebeli sasamarTlo procedura aris konstituci�da dausrulebeli sasamarTlo procedura aris konstituci� dausrulebeli sasamarTlo procedura aris konstituci�dausrulebeli sasamarTlo procedura aris konstituci� sasamarTlo procedura aris konstituci�sasamarTlo procedura aris konstituci� procedura aris konstituci�procedura aris konstituci� aris konstituci�aris konstituci� konstituci�konstituci�

iT uzrunvelyofili sasamarTlo dacvis ZiriTadi uflebis faqtobrivi

gauqmeba da, Sesabamisad, dacul sferoSi mZime Careva.

2.1. saqme apostoli saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

saqmis _ apostoli saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg6 _ mixedviT, ganmcxadebelma

samoqalaqo sarCeli aRZra kerZo piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo� sarCeli aRZra kerZo piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo�sarCeli aRZra kerZo piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo� aRZra kerZo piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo�aRZra kerZo piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo� kerZo piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo�kerZo piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo� piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo�piris winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo� winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo�winaaRmdeg. misi sarCeli dakmayo� misi sarCeli dakmayo�misi sarCeli dakmayo� sarCeli dakmayo�sarCeli dakmayo� dakmayo�dakmayo�

filda, magram mopasuxe mxarem uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� magram mopasuxe mxarem uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�magram mopasuxe mxarem uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� mopasuxe mxarem uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�mopasuxe mxarem uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� mxarem uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�mxarem uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�uari ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�ganacxada gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� aRsrule�aRsrule�

baze. aqedan gamomdinare, dRis wesrigSi dadga saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa

dawyeba. `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb kanonis“ 26�e muxlis Tanaxmad,

ganmcxadebels unda gadaexada àRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli winaswari

xarjebi.“7 saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo ganmcxadebelma ver SeZlo aRniSnuli

xarjebis dafarva da gamoTqva mzadyofna, saaRsrulebo xarjebi gadaexada

kuTvnili valis miRebis Semdeg. vinaidan movalis samyofeli daudgeneli

iyo, winaswari xarjebis gadauxdeloba `ganaCenis aRsrulebis dabrkolebas~

iwvevda da, Sesabamisad, gadawyvetileba kvlavac aRusrulebeli rCeboda.

2002 wlis 25 oqtombers ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT� wlis 25 oqtombers ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT�wlis 25 oqtombers ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT� 25 oqtombers ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT�25 oqtombers ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT� oqtombers ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT�oqtombers ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT� ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT�ganmcxadebelma mimarTa evropul sasamarT� mimarTa evropul sasamarT�mimarTa evropul sasamarT� evropul sasamarT�evropul sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los. mTavrobam gansaxilvelad warmoadgina sakiTxi, rom ganmcxadebels

ar amouwuravs konvenciis 35�e muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli

SidasamarTlebrivi saSualebebi. maT ganacxades, rom konstituciis 42�e

muxlis pirveli punqti nebismieri pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofs samarTliani

sasamarTlos uflebas. Sesabamisad, Tu Tanxis gadaxdis valdebuleba

saaRsrulebo warmoebis dawyebamde arRvevda ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti�warmoebis dawyebamde arRvevda ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti� dawyebamde arRvevda ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti�dawyebamde arRvevda ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti� arRvevda ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti�arRvevda ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti� ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti�ganmcxadeblisTvis konsti� konsti�konsti�

tuciis 42�e muxlis pirveli punqtiT miniWebul uflebas, ganmcxadebels,

mTavrobis mixedviT, unda miemarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, ro� mixedviT, unda miemarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, ro�mixedviT, unda miemarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, ro� unda miemarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, ro�unda miemarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, ro� miemarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, ro�miemarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, ro� sasamarTlosaTvis, ro�sasamarTlosaTvis, ro� ro�ro�

melic sasamarTlo xelisuflebas axorcielebs sakonstitucio samarTal� sasamarTlo xelisuflebas axorcielebs sakonstitucio samarTal�sasamarTlo xelisuflebas axorcielebs sakonstitucio samarTal� xelisuflebas axorcielebs sakonstitucio samarTal�xelisuflebas axorcielebs sakonstitucio samarTal� axorcielebs sakonstitucio samarTal�axorcielebs sakonstitucio samarTal� sakonstitucio samarTal�sakonstitucio samarTal� samarTal�samarTal�

warmoebis wesiT (konstituciis 89�e muxli) da `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa

6 2006 wlis 28 noembris gadawyvetileba, ganacxadi (#40765/02).7 sasamarTlo aRmasrulebeli saaRsrulebo moqmedebas iwyebs iZulebiTi aRsrulebis Sesaxeb

kreditoris werilobiTi gancxadebisa da saaRsrulebo furclis safuZvelze. sasamarTlo aRmasrulebels ufleba aqvs, kreditoris mier kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli winaswari xarjis gauReblobis SemTxvevaSi uari Tqvas gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebaze.

236

salome Sulaia

Sesaxeb~ kanonis 26�e muxlis gauqmeba moeTxova.

saqarTvelos konstituciiT ufleba kanonier sasamarTloze uzrun� konstituciiT ufleba kanonier sasamarTloze uzrun�konstituciiT ufleba kanonier sasamarTloze uzrun� ufleba kanonier sasamarTloze uzrun�ufleba kanonier sasamarTloze uzrun� kanonier sasamarTloze uzrun�kanonier sasamarTloze uzrun� sasamarTloze uzrun�sasamarTloze uzrun� uzrun�uzrun�

velyofilia yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa� yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa�yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa� SezRudvis gareSe, anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa�SezRudvis gareSe, anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa� gareSe, anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa�gareSe, anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa� anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa�anu igi absoluturi ZiriTa� igi absoluturi ZiriTa�igi absoluturi ZiriTa� absoluturi ZiriTa�absoluturi ZiriTa� ZiriTa�ZiriTa�

di uflebaa.

saqarTvelos konstituciis 89�e §1 (v) muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos

sakonstitucio sasamarTlo moqalaqis sarCelis safuZvelze ixilavs

normatiuli aqtebis konstituciurobas saqarTvelos konstituciis

meore Tavis sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT.

2.1.1. 1996 wlis 31 ianvris organuli kanoni saqarTvelos sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos Sesaxeb

muxli 1

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlo (SemdgomSi _ sakonstitucio

sasamarTlo) aris sakonstitucio kontrolis sasamarTlo organo, ro� aris sakonstitucio kontrolis sasamarTlo organo, ro�aris sakonstitucio kontrolis sasamarTlo organo, ro� sakonstitucio kontrolis sasamarTlo organo, ro�sakonstitucio kontrolis sasamarTlo organo, ro� kontrolis sasamarTlo organo, ro�kontrolis sasamarTlo organo, ro� sasamarTlo organo, ro�sasamarTlo organo, ro� organo, ro�organo, ro� ro�ro�

melic uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos konstituciis uzenaesobas, konsti� uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos konstituciis uzenaesobas, konsti�uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos konstituciis uzenaesobas, konsti� saqarTvelos konstituciis uzenaesobas, konsti�saqarTvelos konstituciis uzenaesobas, konsti� konstituciis uzenaesobas, konsti�konstituciis uzenaesobas, konsti� uzenaesobas, konsti�uzenaesobas, konsti� konsti�konsti�

tuciur kanonierebas da adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu� kanonierebas da adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu�kanonierebas da adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu� da adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu�da adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu� adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu�adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu� konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu�konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu� uflebebisa da Tavisu�uflebebisa da Tavisu� da Tavisu�da Tavisu� Tavisu�

flebebis dacvas.

muxli 19 §1 (e)

sakonstitucio sasamarTlo konstituciuri sarCelis an konstituci� sasamarTlo konstituciuri sarCelis an konstituci�sasamarTlo konstituciuri sarCelis an konstituci� konstituciuri sarCelis an konstituci�konstituciuri sarCelis an konstituci� sarCelis an konstituci�sarCelis an konstituci� an konstituci�an konstituci� konstituci�konstituci�

uri wardginebis safuZvelze uflebamosilia ganixilos da gadawyvitos:

(...) saqarTvelos konstituciis meore Tavis sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT

miRebuli normatiuli aqtebis konstituciurobis sakiTxi;

muxli 20

kanonis an sxva normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS� an sxva normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS�an sxva normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS� sxva normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS�sxva normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS� normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS�normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS� aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS�aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS� arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS�arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niS� cnoba ar niS�cnoba ar niS� ar niS�ar niS� niS�niS�

navs am faqtis safuZvelze adre gamotanili sasamarTlos ganaCenebisa

da gadawyvetilebebis gauqmebas, iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se� gadawyvetilebebis gauqmebas, iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se�gadawyvetilebebis gauqmebas, iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se� gauqmebas, iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se�gauqmebas, iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se� iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se�iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se� mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se�mxolod maTi aRsrulebis Se� maTi aRsrulebis Se�maTi aRsrulebis Se� aRsrulebis Se�aRsrulebis Se� Se�Se�

Cerebas saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.

muxli 39 §1

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi normatiuli aqtis an misi

calkeuli normebis konstituciurobis Taobaze konstituciuri sarCe� normebis konstituciurobis Taobaze konstituciuri sarCe�normebis konstituciurobis Taobaze konstituciuri sarCe� konstituciurobis Taobaze konstituciuri sarCe�Taobaze konstituciuri sarCe� konstituciuri sarCe�konstituciuri sarCe� sarCe�sarCe�

lis Setanis ufleba aqvT:

237


a) saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs, saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva fizikur

pirebs da saqarTvelos iuridiul pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar� da saqarTvelos iuridiul pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar�da saqarTvelos iuridiul pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar� saqarTvelos iuridiul pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar�saqarTvelos iuridiul pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar� iuridiul pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar�iuridiul pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar� pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar�pirebs, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar� Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar�Tu maT miaCniaT, rom dar� maT miaCniaT, rom dar�maT miaCniaT, rom dar� miaCniaT, rom dar�miaCniaT, rom dar� rom dar�rom dar� dar�dar�

Rveulia an SesaZlebelia uSualod dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu� an SesaZlebelia uSualod dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu�an SesaZlebelia uSualod dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu� SesaZlebelia uSualod dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu�SesaZlebelia uSualod dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu� uSualod dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu�uSualod dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu� dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu�dairRves saqarTvelos konstitu� saqarTvelos konstitu�saqarTvelos konstitu� konstitu�konstitu�

ciis meore TaviT aRiarebuli maTi uflebani da Tavisuflebani;

2.1.2. 1996 wlis 21 martis kanoni sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb

muxli 18 (e)

konstituciuri sarCeli an konstituciuri wardgineba gansaxilve� sarCeli an konstituciuri wardgineba gansaxilve�sarCeli an konstituciuri wardgineba gansaxilve� an konstituciuri wardgineba gansaxilve�an konstituciuri wardgineba gansaxilve� konstituciuri wardgineba gansaxilve�konstituciuri wardgineba gansaxilve� wardgineba gansaxilve�wardgineba gansaxilve� gansaxilve�gansaxilve�

lad ar miiReba, Tu:

masSi miTiTebuli arcerTi sadavo sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa� miTiTebuli arcerTi sadavo sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa�miTiTebuli arcerTi sadavo sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa� arcerTi sadavo sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa�arcerTi sadavo sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa� sadavo sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa�sadavo sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa� sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa�sakiTxi ar aris gadawyvetili saqa� ar aris gadawyvetili saqa�ar aris gadawyvetili saqa� aris gadawyvetili saqa�aris gadawyvetili saqa� gadawyvetili saqa�gadawyvetili saqa� saqa�saqa�

rTvelos konstituciiT.

evropuli sasamarTlo Tavisi msjelobisas yovelTvis aRniSnavs, rom

konvenciis 35�e muxlis mixedviT, ganmcxadebelma unda gamoiyenos saTanado,

arsebuli da sakmarisi saSualebebi, raTa miiRos dakmayofileba uflebaTa

savaraudo darRvevebis mimarT,8 Tumca, SidasamarTlebrivi saSualebebis

amowurvasTan dakavSirebiT, konvencia iZleva faqtis damtkicebis movaleo� dakavSirebiT, konvencia iZleva faqtis damtkicebis movaleo�dakavSirebiT, konvencia iZleva faqtis damtkicebis movaleo� konvencia iZleva faqtis damtkicebis movaleo�konvencia iZleva faqtis damtkicebis movaleo� iZleva faqtis damtkicebis movaleo�iZleva faqtis damtkicebis movaleo� faqtis damtkicebis movaleo�faqtis damtkicebis movaleo� damtkicebis movaleo�damtkicebis movaleo� movaleo�movaleo�

bis gadanawilebis SesaZleblobas. sawyis etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde� gadanawilebis SesaZleblobas. sawyis etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde�gadanawilebis SesaZleblobas. sawyis etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde� SesaZleblobas. sawyis etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde�SesaZleblobas. sawyis etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde� sawyis etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde�sawyis etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde� etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde�etapze mTavrobas ekisreba valde� mTavrobas ekisreba valde�mTavrobas ekisreba valde� ekisreba valde�ekisreba valde� valde�valde�

buleba, amtkicos, rom ar iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale� amtkicos, rom ar iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale�amtkicos, rom ar iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale� rom ar iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale�rom ar iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale� ar iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale�ar iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale� iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale�iyo amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale� amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale�amowuruli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale� Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale�Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale� saSuale�saSuale�

bebi, raTa daarwmunos sasamarTlo saSualebis efeqtianobasa da Sesabamis

dros mis Teoriulad da praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis� mis Teoriulad da praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis�mis Teoriulad da praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis� Teoriulad da praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis�Teoriulad da praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis� da praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis�da praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis� praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis�praqtikulad xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis� xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis�xelmisawvdomobaSi, anu: is xelmis� anu: is xelmis�anu: is xelmis� is xelmis�is xelmis� xelmis�xelmis�

awvdomi gaxldaT da misi meSveobiT SeiZleboda ganmcxadebelTa saCivrebis

dakmayofileba, is aseve warmatebis safuZvlian perspeqtivas sTavazobda.9

mxolod faqtis mtkicebis am movaleobis ganxorcielebis Semdeg ekisreba

ganmcxadebels valdebuleba, daamtkicos gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis ar� valdebuleba, daamtkicos gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis ar�valdebuleba, daamtkicos gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis ar� daamtkicos gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis ar�daamtkicos gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis ar� gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis ar�gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis ar� garemoebebis ar�garemoebebis ar� ar�ar�

seboba, romlebic gaaTavisuflebda mas aRniSnuli moTxovnisagan10

(1) saqme meriti ukrainis winaaRmdeg

saqmeSi _ meriti ukrainis winaaRmdeg11 _ evropulma sasamarTlom im�_ evropulma sasamarTlom im� evropulma sasamarTlom im�evropulma sasamarTlom im� sasamarTlom im�sasamarTlom im� im�im�

sjela konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1 punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker� konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1 punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker�konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1 punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker� 35�e muxlis 1 punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker�muxlis 1 punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker� 1 punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker�1 punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker� punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker�punqtSi gansazRvrul principebze. ker� gansazRvrul principebze. ker�gansazRvrul principebze. ker� principebze. ker�principebze. ker� ker�ker�

8 ix.. Barszcz v. Poland, №71152/01, §41, 30 maisi, 2006.9 ix. Sejdovic v. Italy [GC], № 56581/00, § 46, ECHR 2006; Vernillo v. France, judgment of 20 February

1991, Series A №198, pp. 11-12, §27.10 ix.. Merit v. Ukraine, № 66561/01, §57, 30 March 2004. 11 Merit v. Ukraine, №66561/01, §57, 30 March 2004.

238

salome Sulaia

Zod, sasamarTlo Segvaxsenebs, rom mis mier dadgenili precedentuli

samarTlis Tanaxmad, konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru� Tanaxmad, konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru�Tanaxmad, konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru� konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru�konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru� 35�e muxlis 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru�muxlis 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru� 1�li punqtiT gansazRvru�1�li punqtiT gansazRvru� punqtiT gansazRvru�punqtiT gansazRvru� gansazRvru�gansazRvru�

li SidasamarTlebrivi dacvis uflebis kanonis mizania xelSemkvre� SidasamarTlebrivi dacvis uflebis kanonis mizania xelSemkvre�SidasamarTlebrivi dacvis uflebis kanonis mizania xelSemkvre� dacvis uflebis kanonis mizania xelSemkvre�dacvis uflebis kanonis mizania xelSemkvre� uflebis kanonis mizania xelSemkvre�uflebis kanonis mizania xelSemkvre� kanonis mizania xelSemkvre�kanonis mizania xelSemkvre� mizania xelSemkvre�mizania xelSemkvre� xelSemkvre�

li saxelmwifoebisaTvis saSualebis miniWeba, raTa maT wamoyenebuli

braldebebis sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemamde Tavidan aicilon an ga� sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemamde Tavidan aicilon an ga�gadacemamde Tavidan aicilon an ga� Tavidan aicilon an ga�Tavidan aicilon an ga� aicilon an ga�aicilon an ga� an ga�an ga� ga�ga�

moasworon is darRvevebi, raSic brali edebaT. Tumca gamosayenebelia

mxolod efeqtiani samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav� efeqtiani samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav�efeqtiani samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav� samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav�samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav� dacvis saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav�dacvis saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav� saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav�saSualebebi. mTlianad mTav� mTlianad mTav�mTlianad mTav� mTav�mTav�

robazea damokidebuli moTxovna maT gamouyeneblobaze sasamarTlos

interesebis dakmayofilebis mizniT, raTa saSualeba iyos efeqtiani,

Teoriulad vargisi, xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod saTanado dros.

exsneba ra mtkicebulebis mTeli es simZime, ganmcxadebels uxdeba imis

damtkiceba, rom mTavrobis mier xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu� rom mTavrobis mier xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu�rom mTavrobis mier xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu� mTavrobis mier xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu�mTavrobis mier xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu� mier xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu�mier xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu� xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu�xsenebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu� samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu�samarTlebrivi dacvis saSu� dacvis saSu�dacvis saSu� saSu�saSu�

aleba namdvilad iqna gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara� namdvilad iqna gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara�namdvilad iqna gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara� iqna gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara�iqna gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara� gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara�gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara� an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara�an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara� garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara�garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo ara� mizezis gamo iyo ara�mizezis gamo iyo ara� gamo iyo ara�gamo iyo ara� iyo ara�iyo ara� ara�ara�

adekvaturi da araefeqtiani am konkretul SemTxvevaSi,12 an arsebobda

gansakuTrebuli pirobebi, rac aTavisuflebda mas am moTxovnisagan.13

(2) evropuli sasamarTlos msjeloba SidasamarTlebrivi

saSualebebis amowurvasTan dakavSirebiT

1. meritis saqmeSi zemoT moyvanil mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa�saqmeSi zemoT moyvanil mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa� zemoT moyvanil mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa�zemoT moyvanil mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa� moyvanil mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa�moyvanil mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa� mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa�mosazrebaTa gamoyenebisas sa� gamoyenebisas sa�gamoyenebisas sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie� miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie�miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie� rom ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie�rom ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie� ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie�ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie� hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie�hqonda saSualeba, saCivriT mie� saSualeba, saCivriT mie�saSualeba, saCivriT mie� saCivriT mie�saCivriT mie� mie�mie�

marTa Sesabamisi sasamarTlosaTvis 2001 wlis 23 maisidan da 2001 wlis

29 ivnisidan, CernoviCis regionis prokuroris 2000 wlis 19 seqtem� ivnisidan, CernoviCis regionis prokuroris 2000 wlis 19 seqtem�ivnisidan, CernoviCis regionis prokuroris 2000 wlis 19 seqtem� CernoviCis regionis prokuroris 2000 wlis 19 seqtem�regionis prokuroris 2000 wlis 19 seqtem� prokuroris 2000 wlis 19 seqtem�prokuroris 2000 wlis 19 seqtem� 2000 wlis 19 seqtem�2000 wlis 19 seqtem� wlis 19 seqtem�wlis 19 seqtem� 19 seqtem�19 seqtem� seqtem�seqtem�

bris rezoluciis Tanaxmad, romlis safuZvelzec ganaxlda gamoZieba

mis winaaRmdeg. ganmcxadebels SeeZlo ase moqceuliyo an samoqalaqo

procesis msvlelobisas, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 248�e muxlis

me�3 punqtis Tanaxmad, an sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas, sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 234�e muxlis Tanaxmad. aqedan gamomdi�muxlis Tanaxmad. aqedan gamomdi� Tanaxmad. aqedan gamomdi�Tanaxmad. aqedan gamomdi� aqedan gamomdi�aqedan gamomdi� gamomdi�gamomdi�

nare, sasamarTlo saWirod Tvlis imis gadasinjvas, Seesabameba Tu ara

es samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1�li pun�

qtiT gaTvaliswinebul kriteriums.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom meritis saqmeSi ganmcxadebelma saCivriT mimar�saqmeSi ganmcxadebelma saCivriT mimar� ganmcxadebelma saCivriT mimar�ganmcxadebelma saCivriT mimar� saCivriT mimar�saCivriT mimar� mimar�mimar�

Ta generalur prokurors, rac, Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve� generalur prokurors, rac, Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve�generalur prokurors, rac, Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve� prokurors, rac, Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve�prokurors, rac, Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve� rac, Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve�rac, Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve� Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve�Tanaxmad ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve� ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve�ukrainis mTavrobis dakvirve� mTavrobis dakvirve�mTavrobis dakvirve� dakvirve�dakvirve�

12 §57.13 ix.aseve, Dankevich v. Ukraine, № 40679/98, §107, 29 aprili, 2003 weli.

239


bebisa, samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtian saSualebebad iTvleba; evropulma

sasamarTlom ki miiCnia, rom isini ar SeiZleba CaiTvalon èfeqtianad~ da

`xelmisawvdomad~, vinaidan prokuroris statusi Sida samarTalsa da misi

monawileoba ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe� ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe�ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe� winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe�winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe� sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe�sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe� samarTlis saqmis warmoe�samarTlis saqmis warmoe� saqmis warmoe�saqmis warmoe� warmoe�warmoe�

baSi ar iZleva saTanado usafrTxoebis zomebs ganmcxadeblis saCivris

damoukideblad da miukerZoeblad ganxilvisaTvis.

2. kerZod, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval� kerZod, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval�kerZod, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval� sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval�sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval� aRniSnavs, rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval�aRniSnavs, rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval� rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval�rom ukrainis konstitucia iTval� ukrainis konstitucia iTval�ukrainis konstitucia iTval� konstitucia iTval�konstitucia iTval� iTval�iTval�

iswinebs sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo Zalauflebis

separacias. Tanaxmad samarTlis administrirebis ukrainis 1996 wlis kon� Tanaxmad samarTlis administrirebis ukrainis 1996 wlis kon�Tanaxmad samarTlis administrirebis ukrainis 1996 wlis kon� samarTlis administrirebis ukrainis 1996 wlis kon�samarTlis administrirebis ukrainis 1996 wlis kon� administrirebis ukrainis 1996 wlis kon�administrirebis ukrainis 1996 wlis kon� ukrainis 1996 wlis kon�ukrainis 1996 wlis kon� 1996 wlis kon�1996 wlis kon� wlis kon�wlis kon� kon�kon�

stituciis dadgenilebebisa, sasamarTlo Zalaufleba mTlianad ekisreba

mxolod damoukidebel sasamarTloebs. samarTlebrivi TanamimdevrobiT

Ziebis safuZvlis struqturasTan, funqciebTan da organizebasTan da� safuZvlis struqturasTan, funqciebTan da organizebasTan da�safuZvlis struqturasTan, funqciebTan da organizebasTan da� struqturasTan, funqciebTan da organizebasTan da�struqturasTan, funqciebTan da organizebasTan da� funqciebTan da organizebasTan da�funqciebTan da organizebasTan da� da organizebasTan da�da organizebasTan da� organizebasTan da�organizebasTan da� da�da�

kavSirebuli dadgenilebebi, romlebic Sesulia ukrainis konstituciis

V�� TavSi (121�e�123�e muxlebi), iTvaliswinebs, rom sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis warmoebisas gamoZiebis amocana xorcieldeba prokurorebis mier.

am mxriv sasamarTlo xazs usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro�mxriv sasamarTlo xazs usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro� sasamarTlo xazs usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro�sasamarTlo xazs usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro� xazs usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro�xazs usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro� usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro�usvams mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro� mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro�mTavrobis morCilebas, rom prokuro� morCilebas, rom prokuro�morCilebas, rom prokuro� rom prokuro�rom prokuro� prokuro�prokuro�

rebi ukrainaSi maSinac iyvnen da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide� ukrainaSi maSinac iyvnen da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide�ukrainaSi maSinac iyvnen da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide� maSinac iyvnen da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide�maSinac iyvnen da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide� iyvnen da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide�iyvnen da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide� da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide�da, ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide� ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide�ra Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide� Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide�Tqma unda, axlac arian damokide� unda, axlac arian damokide�unda, axlac arian damokide� axlac arian damokide�axlac arian damokide� arian damokide�arian damokide� damokide�damokide�

bulni ukrainis generalur prokurorze, romlis kandidaturis wamoy� ukrainis generalur prokurorze, romlis kandidaturis wamoy�ukrainis generalur prokurorze, romlis kandidaturis wamoy� generalur prokurorze, romlis kandidaturis wamoy�generalur prokurorze, romlis kandidaturis wamoy� prokurorze, romlis kandidaturis wamoy�prokurorze, romlis kandidaturis wamoy� romlis kandidaturis wamoy�romlis kandidaturis wamoy� kandidaturis wamoy�kandidaturis wamoy� wamoy�wamoy�

enebac xdeba ukrainis prezidentis, xolo arCeva ukrainis parlamentis

mier. ukrainis prezidents aseve ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi� ukrainis prezidents aseve ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi�ukrainis prezidents aseve ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi� prezidents aseve ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi�prezidents aseve ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi� aseve ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi�aseve ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi� ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi�ufleba aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi� aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi�aqvs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobi� dakavebuli Tanamdebobi�dakavebuli Tanamdebobi� Tanamdebobi�Tanamdebobi�

dan gadaayenos generaluri prokurori, parlamentis Tanxmobis gareSe.

aqedan gamomdinare, udavoa, rom prokurorebi, TavianTi funqciebis

gamoyenebisas dakvirvebis sagania im aparatisaTvis, romelic mTavrobis

aRmasrulebel ganyofilebas miekuTvneba. sasamarTlos TvalsazrisiT,

is umniSvnelo faqti, romelsac eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan� umniSvnelo faqti, romelsac eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan�umniSvnelo faqti, romelsac eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan� faqti, romelsac eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan�faqti, romelsac eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan� romelsac eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan�romelsac eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan� eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan�eyrdnoba mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan� mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan�mTavroba, rom, Sesabamisi kan� rom, Sesabamisi kan�rom, Sesabamisi kan� Sesabamisi kan�Sesabamisi kan� kan�kan�

onis Tanaxmad, prokurori, garda bralmdeblis rolis TamaSisa, aseve

sazogadoebrivi interesis damcveladac gvevlineba, ar SeiZleba CaiT� interesis damcveladac gvevlineba, ar SeiZleba CaiT�interesis damcveladac gvevlineba, ar SeiZleba CaiT� damcveladac gvevlineba, ar SeiZleba CaiT�damcveladac gvevlineba, ar SeiZleba CaiT� gvevlineba, ar SeiZleba CaiT�gvevlineba, ar SeiZleba CaiT� ar SeiZleba CaiT�ar SeiZleba CaiT� SeiZleba CaiT�SeiZleba CaiT� CaiT�CaiT�

valos misTvis iuridiuli an damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli figuris

statusis miniWebad.14 Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom im proku�Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom im proku� sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom im proku�sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom im proku� aRniSnavs, rom im proku�aRniSnavs, rom im proku� rom im proku�rom im proku� im proku�im proku� proku�proku�

rorisadmi TxovniT mimarTva, romelic konkretul sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis warmoebis monawile mxares warmoadgenda, ar iZleoda warmatebis

14 es imaze mianiSnebs, rom prokurorebi asruleben rogorc sagamoZiebo, aseve sabaraldebo funqciebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, maTi pozicia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia im dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar� es gaTvaliswinebulia im dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�es gaTvaliswinebulia im dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar� gaTvaliswinebulia im dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�gaTvaliswinebulia im dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar� im dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�im dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar� dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�dros arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar� arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�arsebuli kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar� kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�kanonis, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�, kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�kerZod, ukrainis sisxlis samar�, ukrainis sisxlis samar�ukrainis sisxlis samar� sisxlis samar�sisxlis samar� samar�samar�Tlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad (kodeqsis 22�e, 25�e da 32�e muxlebi), miCneul unda iqnes mimdinare procesis nawilad.

240

salome Sulaia

gonivrul perspeqtivas, vinaidan igi ar iyo èfeqtiani~. ganmcxadebeli,

aqedan gamomdinare, ar iyo valdebuli, gamoeyenebina es samarTlebrivi

ufleba.

3. vinaidan arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� vinaidan arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�vinaidan arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� unda gamoey�unda gamoey� gamoey�gamoey�

enebina samarTlebrivi dacvis ufleba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 248�e muxlis me�3 punqtis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos azriT, am uflebis

gamoyenebiT ganmcxadebels SeeZlo saCivriT miemarTa adgilobrivi sa� ganmcxadebels SeeZlo saCivriT miemarTa adgilobrivi sa�ganmcxadebels SeeZlo saCivriT miemarTa adgilobrivi sa� SeeZlo saCivriT miemarTa adgilobrivi sa�SeeZlo saCivriT miemarTa adgilobrivi sa� saCivriT miemarTa adgilobrivi sa�saCivriT miemarTa adgilobrivi sa� miemarTa adgilobrivi sa�miemarTa adgilobrivi sa� adgilobrivi sa�adgilobrivi sa� sa�sa�

samarTloebisaTvis konkretuli gamomZieblis an prokuroris, rogorc

saxelmwifo moxeleebis, qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. es ki imis maniSnebe� moxeleebis, qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. es ki imis maniSnebe�moxeleebis, qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. es ki imis maniSnebe� qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. es ki imis maniSnebe�qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. es ki imis maniSnebe� dakavSirebiT. es ki imis maniSnebe�dakavSirebiT. es ki imis maniSnebe� es ki imis maniSnebe�es ki imis maniSnebe� ki imis maniSnebe�ki imis maniSnebe� imis maniSnebe�imis maniSnebe� maniSnebe�maniSnebe�

lia, rom vidre simarTles Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade� rom vidre simarTles Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade�rom vidre simarTles Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade� vidre simarTles Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade�vidre simarTles Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade� simarTles Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade�simarTles Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade� Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade�Seesabameba faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade� faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade�faqti, romlis gamoc ganmcxade� romlis gamoc ganmcxade�romlis gamoc ganmcxade� ganmcxade�ganmcxade�

belma ar aRZra samoqalaqo saqme, raTa ukeT warmarTuliyo misi saqmis

gamoZiebis xangrZlivi procesi, mTavrobas ar uCvenebia, saqmis amgvarad

warmarTva Tu rogor Seuwyobda xels am saqmeSi gamoZiebis Senelebul

process. Sida precedentuli samarTlidan mTavrobis mier moyvanili

magaliTebi ki sasamarTlom arasakmarisad miiCnia.

4. vinaidan arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� vinaidan arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�vinaidan arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�arsebobs SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�SemoTavazeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�rom ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� ganmcxadebels unda gamoey�ganmcxadebels unda gamoey� unda gamoey�unda gamoey� gamoey�gamoey�

enebina samarTlebrivi dacvis ufleba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 234�e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom samarT�muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom samarT� Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom samarT�Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom samarT� sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom samarT�sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom samarT� aRniSnavs, rom samarT�aRniSnavs, rom samarT� rom samarT�rom samarT� samarT�samarT�

lebrivi dacvis am saSualebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod 2001

wlis 29 ivnisidan winaswari (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi� 29 ivnisidan winaswari (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi�29 ivnisidan winaswari (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi� ivnisidan winaswari (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi�ivnisidan winaswari (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi� winaswari (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi�winaswari (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi� (administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi�(administraciuli) mosmenis msvlelobi� mosmenis msvlelobi�mosmenis msvlelobi� msvlelobi�

sas an saqmis garemoebebis mosmenisas. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo Tvlis,

rom es saSualeba ar Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se� es saSualeba ar Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se�es saSualeba ar Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se� saSualeba ar Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se�saSualeba ar Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se� ar Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se�ar Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se� Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se�Seesabameba 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se� 35�e muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se�muxlis 1 punqts, roca saqme Se� 1 punqts, roca saqme Se�1 punqts, roca saqme Se� punqts, roca saqme Se�punqts, roca saqme Se� roca saqme Se�roca saqme Se� saqme Se�saqme Se� Se�Se�

exeba xelmisawvdomobas, roca ar rCeba apelaciis aranairi saSualeba

gamoZiebis msvlelobisas. rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 234�e muxlSi cvlilebebis Setanas, anu gamoZiebis msvlelo�muxlSi cvlilebebis Setanas, anu gamoZiebis msvlelo� cvlilebebis Setanas, anu gamoZiebis msvlelo�cvlilebebis Setanas, anu gamoZiebis msvlelo� Setanas, anu gamoZiebis msvlelo�Setanas, anu gamoZiebis msvlelo� anu gamoZiebis msvlelo�anu gamoZiebis msvlelo� gamoZiebis msvlelo�gamoZiebis msvlelo� msvlelo�

bisas prokuroris an gamomZieblis winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa�prokuroris an gamomZieblis winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa� an gamomZieblis winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa�an gamomZieblis winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa� gamomZieblis winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa�gamomZieblis winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa� winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa�winaaRmdeg saCivris nebarTvas, sa� saCivris nebarTvas, sa�saCivris nebarTvas, sa� nebarTvas, sa�nebarTvas, sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo miiCnevs, rom, miuxedavad Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo� miiCnevs, rom, miuxedavad Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo�miiCnevs, rom, miuxedavad Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo� rom, miuxedavad Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo�rom, miuxedavad Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo� miuxedavad Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo�miuxedavad Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo� Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo�Teoriulad am saSualebis arsebo� am saSualebis arsebo�am saSualebis arsebo� saSualebis arsebo�saSualebis arsebo� arsebo�arsebo�

bisa 2003 wlis 30 ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� 2003 wlis 30 ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku�2003 wlis 30 ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� wlis 30 ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku�wlis 30 ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� 30 ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku�30 ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku�ianvridan, mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku�mTavrobas ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku�ar daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku�daufiqsirebia misi praqtiku� misi praqtiku�misi praqtiku� praqtiku�praqtiku�

li arsi. Uufro metic, kanoni konkretulad ar gansazRvravs, sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 234�e muxli samarTlebrivi saSualebaa

saqmis warmoebis xangrZlivobis winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi

Tu ara, da ra tipis kompensaciis gaweva SeiZleba ganmcxadeblisaTvis,

Tu aRmoCnda, rom gamoZiebis xangrZlivoba gascda `samarTlianobis~

moTxovnas.

241


2.1.3. efeqtianobis principebis gansazRvra apostolis saqmeSi

(1) evropuli komisia demokratiisaTvis samarTlis meSveobiT

(veneciis komisia)

evropuli komisia demokratiisaTvis samarTlis meSveobiT, cnobili

veneciis komisiis saxeliT, konstituciur sakiTxebSi evropis sabWos

sakonsultacio organoa. komisiam, romelic berlinis kedlis dangre� organoa. komisiam, romelic berlinis kedlis dangre�organoa. komisiam, romelic berlinis kedlis dangre� komisiam, romelic berlinis kedlis dangre�komisiam, romelic berlinis kedlis dangre� romelic berlinis kedlis dangre�romelic berlinis kedlis dangre� berlinis kedlis dangre�berlinis kedlis dangre� kedlis dangre�kedlis dangre� dangre�dangre�

vis Semdeg Seiqmna, mTavari roli Seasrula evropuli konstituciuri

memkvidreobis standartebTan Sesabamisi konstituciis miRebaSi. komis� standartebTan Sesabamisi konstituciis miRebaSi. komis�standartebTan Sesabamisi konstituciis miRebaSi. komis� Sesabamisi konstituciis miRebaSi. komis�Sesabamisi konstituciis miRebaSi. komis� konstituciis miRebaSi. komis�konstituciis miRebaSi. komis� miRebaSi. komis�miRebaSi. komis� komis�komis�

ia, romelic Tavdapirvelad Seiqmna rogorc sagangebo konstituciuri

meqanizmis instrumenti, saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli damoukidebeli

samarTlebrivi organo gaxda. igi uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci� organo gaxda. igi uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci�organo gaxda. igi uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci� gaxda. igi uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci�gaxda. igi uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci� igi uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci�igi uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci� uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci�uzrunvelyofs evropuli konstituci� evropuli konstituci�evropuli konstituci� konstituci�konstituci�

uri memkvidreobis gavrcelebas, romelic TiToeuli saxelmwifosaTvis

`konstituciuri pirveladi daxmarebis~ aRmoCenisas kontinentis Ziri� pirveladi daxmarebis~ aRmoCenisas kontinentis Ziri�pirveladi daxmarebis~ aRmoCenisas kontinentis Ziri� daxmarebis~ aRmoCenisas kontinentis Ziri�daxmarebis~ aRmoCenisas kontinentis Ziri� aRmoCenisas kontinentis Ziri�aRmoCenisas kontinentis Ziri� kontinentis Ziri�kontinentis Ziri� Ziri�Ziri�

Tad samarTlebriv faseulobebs emyareba. veneciis komisia aseve uni� samarTlebriv faseulobebs emyareba. veneciis komisia aseve uni�samarTlebriv faseulobebs emyareba. veneciis komisia aseve uni� faseulobebs emyareba. veneciis komisia aseve uni�faseulobebs emyareba. veneciis komisia aseve uni� emyareba. veneciis komisia aseve uni�emyareba. veneciis komisia aseve uni� veneciis komisia aseve uni�veneciis komisia aseve uni� komisia aseve uni�komisia aseve uni� aseve uni�aseve uni� uni�uni�

kalur da Seudarebel rols asrulebs konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebisa

da rTuli mdgomareobis daregulirebisas konstituciis SemuSavebaSi

daxmarebis gawevisa da rCevebis meSveobiT.

Seqmnis dRidan veneciis komisiisTvis aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de� dRidan veneciis komisiisTvis aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de�dRidan veneciis komisiisTvis aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de� veneciis komisiisTvis aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de�veneciis komisiisTvis aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de� komisiisTvis aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de�komisiisTvis aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de� aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de�aSkara iyo, rom mxolod de� iyo, rom mxolod de�iyo, rom mxolod de� rom mxolod de�rom mxolod de� mxolod de�mxolod de� de�de�

mokratiuli konstituciebis miRebaSi saxelmwifoebisTvis daxmarebis

gaweva ar iyo sakmarisi, aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� ar iyo sakmarisi, aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe�ar iyo sakmarisi, aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� iyo sakmarisi, aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe�iyo sakmarisi, aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� sakmarisi, aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe�sakmarisi, aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe�aramed aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe�aseve unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe�unda momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe�momxdariyo maTi sazogadoe� maTi sazogadoe�maTi sazogadoe� sazogadoe�sazogadoe�

baSi implementacia.15

(2) 1999 wlis 19 aprili, eqspertis daskvna im SemoTavazebebze,

romlebic exeba saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos aqtsa

da sakonstitucio saproceso aqtSi cvlilebebis Setanas:

ùnda aRiniSnos, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� aRiniSnos, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�aRiniSnos, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

bebi SesaZloa Seicavdes konkretul gaurkvevlobas maTi aRsrulebis

mimarT. aRniSnuli problemis gadaWrisTvis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb� aRniSnuli problemis gadaWrisTvis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb�aRniSnuli problemis gadaWrisTvis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb� problemis gadaWrisTvis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb�problemis gadaWrisTvis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb� gadaWrisTvis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb�gadaWrisTvis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb� saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb�saqarTvelos sakanonmdeb� sakanonmdeb�sakanonmdeb�

lo xelisuflebam sasurvelia gaiTvaliswinos germaniis kanonis ,,fede� xelisuflebam sasurvelia gaiTvaliswinos germaniis kanonis ,,fede�xelisuflebam sasurvelia gaiTvaliswinos germaniis kanonis ,,fede� sasurvelia gaiTvaliswinos germaniis kanonis ,,fede�sasurvelia gaiTvaliswinos germaniis kanonis ,,fede� gaiTvaliswinos germaniis kanonis ,,fede�gaiTvaliswinos germaniis kanonis ,,fede� germaniis kanonis ,,fede�germaniis kanonis ,,fede� kanonis ,,fede�kanonis ,,fede� ,,fede�

raluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos~ Sesaxeb 35�e muxli, kerZod: `Ta�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos~ Sesaxeb 35�e muxli, kerZod: `Ta� sasamarTlos~ Sesaxeb 35�e muxli, kerZod: `Ta�sasamarTlos~ Sesaxeb 35�e muxli, kerZod: `Ta� Sesaxeb 35�e muxli, kerZod: `Ta�Sesaxeb 35�e muxli, kerZod: `Ta� 35�e muxli, kerZod: `Ta�muxli, kerZod: `Ta� kerZod: `Ta�kerZod: `Ta� `Ta�`Ta�

15 Commission Venice – bulletin de jurisprudence constituelle, 2006 (1).

242

salome Sulaia

vis gadawyvetilebebSi federalurma sasamarTlom SeiZleba ganacxados,

Tu vis mier unda moxdes aRsruleba; konkretul SemTxvevebSi mas aseve

SeuZlia daakonkretos aRsrulebis meTodi.~

(3) veneciis komisiis rekomendacia

veneciis komisiis Sexeduleba sakonstitucio cvlilebebis proeqt� komisiis Sexeduleba sakonstitucio cvlilebebis proeqt�komisiis Sexeduleba sakonstitucio cvlilebebis proeqt� Sexeduleba sakonstitucio cvlilebebis proeqt�Sexeduleba sakonstitucio cvlilebebis proeqt� sakonstitucio cvlilebebis proeqt�sakonstitucio cvlilebebis proeqt� cvlilebebis proeqt�cvlilebebis proeqt� proeqt�proeqt�

Tan dakavSirebiT, romelic saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re� dakavSirebiT, romelic saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re�dakavSirebiT, romelic saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re� romelic saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re�romelic saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re� saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re�saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re� sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re�sasamarTlo xelisuflebis re� xelisuflebis re�xelisuflebis re� re�re�

formas exeba (62�e plenaruli sxdoma, venecia, 2005 wlis 11�12 marti):

`22. [konstituciis] arsebul 89�e muxlSi ukve aris mocemuli, rom

individualur pirs xeli miuwvdeba sakonstitucio sasamarTloze e.w.

àrarealuri~ sakonstitucio saCivris meSveobiT (termini gamoyenebu� sakonstitucio saCivris meSveobiT (termini gamoyenebu�sakonstitucio saCivris meSveobiT (termini gamoyenebu� saCivris meSveobiT (termini gamoyenebu�saCivris meSveobiT (termini gamoyenebu� meSveobiT (termini gamoyenebu�meSveobiT (termini gamoyenebu� (termini gamoyenebu�(termini gamoyenebu� gamoyenebu�gamoyenebu�

lia germanul doqtrinaSi) normatiuli aqtebis mimarT. misasalmebelia,

rom 89.1. (v) muxlis samuSao versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle� 89.1. (v) muxlis samuSao versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle�89.1. (v) muxlis samuSao versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle� (v) muxlis samuSao versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle�muxlis samuSao versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle� samuSao versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle�samuSao versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle� versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle�versiaSi mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle� mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle�mocemuli iqneba aRniSnuli ufle� iqneba aRniSnuli ufle�iqneba aRniSnuli ufle� aRniSnuli ufle�aRniSnuli ufle� ufle�ufle�

ba ara mxolod moqalaqeebisaTvis, aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian� ara mxolod moqalaqeebisaTvis, aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian�ara mxolod moqalaqeebisaTvis, aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian� mxolod moqalaqeebisaTvis, aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian�mxolod moqalaqeebisaTvis, aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian� moqalaqeebisaTvis, aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian�moqalaqeebisaTvis, aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian� aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian�aramed saerTod nebismieri adamian� saerTod nebismieri adamian�saerTod nebismieri adamian� adamian�adamian�

isaTvis.

23. amas garda, 89.1. (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti� amas garda, 89.1. (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti�amas garda, 89.1. (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti� garda, 89.1. (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti�garda, 89.1. (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti� 89.1. (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti�89.1. (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti� (v) muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti�muxlis proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti� proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti�proeqti uflebas miscems sakonsti� uflebas miscems sakonsti�uflebas miscems sakonsti� miscems sakonsti�miscems sakonsti� sakonsti�sakonsti�

tucio sasamarTlos, ganixilos `sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebis

konstituciuroba adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis

kuTxiT, rac mocemulia konstituciis �� TavSi, risi safuZvelic piris

sarCeli an saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis gancxadeba SeiZleba iyos.

24. aRniSnuli debuleba arsebiTad zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT� aRniSnuli debuleba arsebiTad zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT�aRniSnuli debuleba arsebiTad zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT� debuleba arsebiTad zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT�debuleba arsebiTad zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT� arsebiTad zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT�arsebiTad zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT� zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT�zrdis sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los iurisdiqciasa da uflebebs. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� iurisdiqciasa da uflebebs. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�iurisdiqciasa da uflebebs. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� da uflebebs. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�da uflebebs. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� uflebebs. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�uflebebs. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� sasamarTlos ufle�sasamarTlos ufle� ufle�ufle�

ba eZleva, ganixilos Cveulebrivi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa� eZleva, ganixilos Cveulebrivi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa�eZleva, ganixilos Cveulebrivi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa� ganixilos Cveulebrivi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa�ganixilos Cveulebrivi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa� Cveulebrivi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa�Cveulebrivi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa� sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa�sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, sa� gadawyvetilebebi, sa�gadawyvetilebebi, sa� sa�sa�

dac ganxilvis sagans adamianis uflebebi warmoadgens. is faqti, rom

gansaxilveli iurisdiqcia SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes moqalaqeebis

sarCelebis mimarT, qmnis Zlier instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia� mimarT, qmnis Zlier instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia�mimarT, qmnis Zlier instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia� qmnis Zlier instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia�qmnis Zlier instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia� Zlier instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia�Zlier instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia� instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia�instruments �� TavSi mocemuli adamia� �� TavSi mocemuli adamia�TavSi mocemuli adamia� mocemuli adamia�mocemuli adamia� adamia�adamia�

nis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis aRsrulebisaTvis.~

36. SidasamarTlebrivi saSualebebis amowurvis wesi absoluturi

ar aris da arc misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� aris da arc misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi�aris da arc misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� da arc misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi�da arc misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� arc misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi�arc misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi�misi avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi�avtomaturad amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi�amoqmedeba SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi�SeiZleba. imis ganxilvi� imis ganxilvi�imis ganxilvi� ganxilvi�ganxilvi�

sas, dacul iqna Tu ara is, aucilebelia yoveli individualuri saqmis

243


konkretuli garemoebebis Seswavla16, kerZod, es niSnavs, rom sasamarT� es niSnavs, rom sasamarT�es niSnavs, rom sasamarT� niSnavs, rom sasamarT�niSnavs, rom sasamarT� rom sasamarT�rom sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

lom realisturad unda gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod formaluri saSu� realisturad unda gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod formaluri saSu�realisturad unda gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod formaluri saSu� unda gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod formaluri saSu�unda gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod formaluri saSu� gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod formaluri saSu�gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod formaluri saSu� ara mxolod formaluri saSu�ara mxolod formaluri saSu� mxolod formaluri saSu�mxolod formaluri saSu� formaluri saSu�formaluri saSu� saSu�saSu�

alebebis arseboba xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos samarTlebriv sistemaSi,

aramed zogadi samarTlebrivi da politikuri konteqsti, romelSic

isini moqmedeben, agreTve ganmcxadeblis piradi garemoebebi.17

apostolis saqmeSi ganmcxadeblis saCivari exeba kanonier ZalaSi

Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uflebas. aRniSnuli

ufleba, romelic aSkarad konvenciis arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo� romelic aSkarad konvenciis arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo�romelic aSkarad konvenciis arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo� aSkarad konvenciis arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo�aSkarad konvenciis arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo� konvenciis arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo�konvenciis arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo� arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo�arc erT debulebaSi ar aris mo� erT debulebaSi ar aris mo�erT debulebaSi ar aris mo� debulebaSi ar aris mo�debulebaSi ar aris mo� ar aris mo�ar aris mo� aris mo�aris mo� mo�mo�

cemuli, konvenciis organoebis mier interpretirebul iqna rogorc

`sasamarTlo procesis~ ganuyofeli nawili meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun� procesis~ ganuyofeli nawili meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun�procesis~ ganuyofeli nawili meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun� ganuyofeli nawili meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun�ganuyofeli nawili meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun� nawili meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun�nawili meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun� meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun�meeqvse muxlis pirveli pun� muxlis pirveli pun�muxlis pirveli pun� pirveli pun�pirveli pun� pun�pun�

qtis miznebisTvis.18 sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom arc konstituciis 42�e muxlis pirveli

punqti, razec mTavroba miuTiTebs am kuTxiT, aseve arc raime sxva

konstituciuri debuleba ar uzrunvelyofs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis garantias, romelic, sul

mcire, miaxloebiT mainc SeiZleba Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu� miaxloebiT mainc SeiZleba Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu�miaxloebiT mainc SeiZleba Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu� mainc SeiZleba Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu�mainc SeiZleba Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu� SeiZleba Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu�SeiZleba Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu� Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu�Seedaros sasamarTlos precedentu� sasamarTlos precedentu�sasamarTlos precedentu� precedentu�

li samarTliT ganmtkicebul amgvar garantias. maSin, roca miTiTebuli

konstituciuri debulebis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT wakiTxvisas naTlad

Cans, rom is, faqtobrivad, uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlos misawvdomobis

uflebas, mTavrobas ar miuTiTebia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome� mTavrobas ar miuTiTebia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome�mTavrobas ar miuTiTebia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome� ar miuTiTebia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome�ar miuTiTebia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome� miuTiTebia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome�miuTiTebia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rome� sasamarTlos rome�sasamarTlos rome� rome�rome�

lime gadawyvetilebaze an ganaCenze, romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece� gadawyvetilebaze an ganaCenze, romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece�gadawyvetilebaze an ganaCenze, romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece� an ganaCenze, romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece�an ganaCenze, romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece� ganaCenze, romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece�ganaCenze, romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece� romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece�romlidanac, sasamarTlos prece� sasamarTlos prece�sasamarTlos prece� prece�

dentuli samarTlis msgavsad, gamomdinareobs ufleba kanonier ZalaSi

Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebisa, konstituciis 42�e

muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad.

sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konstituciis 89�e muxlis pirveli (v)

punqtisa da `sakonstitucio sasamarTlos aqtis~ me�19 muxlis pirveli

(e) punqtis Tanaxmad, konstituciuri uflebis ararseboba saCivars ratio-ne materiae Seusabamos xdis konstituciis moTxovnebTan da dauSvebels

arsebiTad gansaxilvelad `sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb~

kanonis me�18 muxlis (e) punqtis Tanaxmad. Sesabamisad, raki sasamarTlos

amocana ar aris, daikavos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax� ar aris, daikavos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax�ar aris, daikavos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax� aris, daikavos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax�aris, daikavos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax� daikavos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax�daikavos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos adgili da moax� sasamarTlos adgili da moax�sasamarTlos adgili da moax� adgili da moax�adgili da moax� da moax�da moax� moax�moax�

16 ix. Van Oosterwijck v. Belgium, judgment of 6 November 1980, Series A №40, p. 18, §35.17 ix. Akdivar and Others v. Turkey, judgment of 16 September 1996, Reports of Judgments and Deci-

sions 1996-IV, pp. 1210-1211, §§65-69.18 ix. Hornsby v. Greece, judgment of 19 March 1997, Reports 1997-II, p. 510, §40.

244

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dinos konstituciis interpretacia; im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mTavrobas

ar SeuZlia ganaxorcielos faqtis damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa� SeuZlia ganaxorcielos faqtis damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa�SeuZlia ganaxorcielos faqtis damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa� ganaxorcielos faqtis damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa�ganaxorcielos faqtis damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa� faqtis damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa�faqtis damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa� damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa�damtkicebis movaleoba erovnul sa� movaleoba erovnul sa�movaleoba erovnul sa� erovnul sa�erovnul sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo praqtikaze miTiTebiT, rom arsebobs konstituciuri ufleba

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebisa,

sasamarTlo moklebulia SesaZleblobas, gamoitanos daskvna imis Tao� moklebulia SesaZleblobas, gamoitanos daskvna imis Tao�moklebulia SesaZleblobas, gamoitanos daskvna imis Tao� SesaZleblobas, gamoitanos daskvna imis Tao�SesaZleblobas, gamoitanos daskvna imis Tao� gamoitanos daskvna imis Tao�gamoitanos daskvna imis Tao� daskvna imis Tao�daskvna imis Tao� imis Tao�imis Tao� Tao�Tao�

baze, rom ganmcxadebels warmatebiT SeeZlo daeyenebina moTxovna aseTi

uflebisa sakonstitucio sasamarTlos winaSe.

amasTan, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konstituciis 89�e muxlis pirveli

(v) punqti uzrunvelyofs sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis individual�punqti uzrunvelyofs sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis individual� uzrunvelyofs sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis individual�uzrunvelyofs sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis individual� sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis individual�sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis individual� sasamarTlosaTvis individual�sasamarTlosaTvis individual� individual�individual�

urad mimarTvis uflebas egreT wodebuli àrarealuri~ sakonstitucio

saCivris formiT (ixileT: 22�e, 23�e da 31�e punqtebi zemoT). praqtikaSi es

niSnavs, rom calkeul pirebs SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde� rom calkeul pirebs SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde�rom calkeul pirebs SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde� calkeul pirebs SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde�calkeul pirebs SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde� pirebs SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde�pirebs SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde� SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde�SeuZliaT, eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde� eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde�eWvqveS daayenon moqmedi kanonmde� daayenon moqmedi kanonmde�daayenon moqmedi kanonmde� moqmedi kanonmde�moqmedi kanonmde� kanonmde�kanonmde�

blobis konstituciurobis sakiTxi, maSinac ki, roca misi ganxorcieleba

maTze zemoqmedebas ar axdens. Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� zemoqmedebas ar axdens. Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa�zemoqmedebas ar axdens. Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� ar axdens. Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa�ar axdens. Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� axdens. Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa�axdens. Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa�Tumca maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa�maT ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa�ar SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa�SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sa� gaasaCivron sa�gaasaCivron sa� sa�sa�

samarTloebis an sajaro uwyebebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi, rom�

lebic pirdapir gavlenas axdenen maT konkretul mdgomareobaze.

individualuri sakonstitucio saCivris es modeli hgavs ungreTis

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos models, romelic, rogorc saqmeSi _ veni

ungreTis winaaRmdeg _ aRmoCnda, konvenciis 35�e muxlis miznebisaTvis

araefeqtiani saSualebaa. am daskvnis mizezi gaxda is, rom ungreTis sa� daskvnis mizezi gaxda is, rom ungreTis sa�daskvnis mizezi gaxda is, rom ungreTis sa� mizezi gaxda is, rom ungreTis sa�mizezi gaxda is, rom ungreTis sa� gaxda is, rom ungreTis sa�gaxda is, rom ungreTis sa� is, rom ungreTis sa�is, rom ungreTis sa� rom ungreTis sa�rom ungreTis sa� ungreTis sa�ungreTis sa� sa�sa�

konstitucio sasamarTlo uflebamosili iyo mxolod kanonebis konsti� sasamarTlo uflebamosili iyo mxolod kanonebis konsti�sasamarTlo uflebamosili iyo mxolod kanonebis konsti� uflebamosili iyo mxolod kanonebis konsti�uflebamosili iyo mxolod kanonebis konsti� iyo mxolod kanonebis konsti�iyo mxolod kanonebis konsti� mxolod kanonebis konsti�mxolod kanonebis konsti� kanonebis konsti�kanonebis konsti� konsti�

tuciurobis kontrolze zogadad da ar SeeZlo saxelmwifos mier kerZo

pirebis winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkretuli zomebis gauqmeba an Sesworeba.19 amavdroulad, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoeba gan�saqarTvelos sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoeba gan� sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoeba gan�sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoeba gan� samarTalwarmoeba gan�samarTalwarmoeba gan� gan�gan�

sxvavdeba sxva qveynebis, magaliTad: germaniis, espaneTisa da CexeTis

respublikis praqtikisagan. am qveynebSi arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti� praqtikisagan. am qveynebSi arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti�praqtikisagan. am qveynebSi arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti� am qveynebSi arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti�am qveynebSi arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti� qveynebSi arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti�qveynebSi arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti� arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti�arsebuli `realuri~ sakonsti� `realuri~ sakonsti�`realuri~ sakonsti� sakonsti�sakonsti�

tucio sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, gamoswordes oficialur pirTa

da uwyebaTa mier uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis xelyofis faqtebi,

an, sadac konstituciiT uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRveva ara sa� sadac konstituciiT uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRveva ara sa�sadac konstituciiT uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRveva ara sa� konstituciiT uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRveva ara sa�konstituciiT uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRveva ara sa� uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRveva ara sa�uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRveva ara sa� uflebis darRveva ara sa�uflebis darRveva ara sa� darRveva ara sa�darRveva ara sa� ara sa�ara sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo gadawyvetilebis, aramed sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa� gadawyvetilebis, aramed sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa�gadawyvetilebis, aramed sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa� aramed sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa�aramed sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa� sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa�sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa� Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa�Carevis Sedegia, ukrZa� Sedegia, ukrZa�Sedegia, ukrZa� ukrZa�ukrZa�

lavs aRniSnul oficialur uwyebebs, ganagrZon uflebis darRveva da

aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadginon status quo, Tu es SesaZlebelia.20

19 ix. veni ungreTis winaaRmdeg, (dek), #21495/93, 30 ivnisi, 1993.20 ix.: Hartman v. Czech Republic, №53341/99, §49, ECHR 2003-VIII (extracts); Sürmeli v. Germany

[GC], №75529/01, §62, 8 June 2006.

245


winamdebare saqmeSi naTlad ar Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon� saqmeSi naTlad ar Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon�saqmeSi naTlad ar Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon� naTlad ar Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon�naTlad ar Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon� ar Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon�ar Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon� Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon�Cans ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon� ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon�ganmcxadeblis savaraudo sakon� savaraudo sakon�savaraudo sakon� sakon�sakon�

stitucio sarCelis _ „saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis 26�e

muxlis gauqmeba _ dakmayofilebiT moxdeboda Tu ara aRusruleblobis

problemis pirdapiri da swrafi mogvareba, ramdenadac sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos ar hqonda sakmarisi uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe� ar hqonda sakmarisi uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe�ar hqonda sakmarisi uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe� hqonda sakmarisi uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe�hqonda sakmarisi uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe� sakmarisi uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe�sakmarisi uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe� uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe�uflebamosileba, mieTiTebina kompe� mieTiTebina kompe�mieTiTebina kompe� kompe�kompe�

tenturi uwyebebisaTvis, rom uzrunveleyoT gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� uwyebebisaTvis, rom uzrunveleyoT gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�uwyebebisaTvis, rom uzrunveleyoT gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� rom uzrunveleyoT gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�rom uzrunveleyoT gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� uzrunveleyoT gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�uzrunveleyoT gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� gadawyvetilebis aRsrule�gadawyvetilebis aRsrule� aRsrule�aRsrule�

ba. Tan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule� Tan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule�Tan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule� winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule�winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule� SemTxvevaSi, amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule�SemTxvevaSi, amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule� amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule�amiT masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule� masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule�masTan dakavSirebuli saaRsrule� dakavSirebuli saaRsrule�dakavSirebuli saaRsrule� saaRsrule�

bo saqmiswarmoeba ki ar Sewydeba, aramed mxolod droebiT SeCerdeba.

45. amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom germaniisa da

CexeTis konstituciuri kontrolis organoebi, romlebic, rogorc wesi,

akmayofileben konvenciis 35�e 1�li muxlis moTxovnebs, araefeqtianad

iqnnen miCneulni e.w. `xangrZlivi samarTalwarmoebis~ saqmeebSi, radgan

maT, garda im faqtis dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule� garda im faqtis dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule�garda im faqtis dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule� im faqtis dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule�im faqtis dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule� faqtis dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule�faqtis dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule� dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule�dadgenisa, rom dairRva konstituciuri debule� rom dairRva konstituciuri debule�rom dairRva konstituciuri debule� dairRva konstituciuri debule�dairRva konstituciuri debule� konstituciuri debule�konstituciuri debule� debule�debule�

bebi, romlebic exeba samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis uflebas, ar

SeeZloT naTeli miTiTebebi gaecaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare� naTeli miTiTebebi gaecaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare�naTeli miTiTebebi gaecaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare� miTiTebebi gaecaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare�miTiTebebi gaecaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare� gaecaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare�gaecaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare� imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare�imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare� Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare�Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daCqare� Tu rogor daCqare�Tu rogor daCqare� rogor daCqare�rogor daCqare� daCqare�daCqare�

buliyo gadadebuli samarTalwarmoeba, an uzrunveleyoT kompensacia

nebismieri zianisaTvis, rac zedmetad gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe� zianisaTvis, rac zedmetad gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe�zianisaTvis, rac zedmetad gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe� rac zedmetad gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe�rac zedmetad gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe� zedmetad gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe�zedmetad gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe� gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe�gaWianurebuli samarTalwarmoe� samarTalwarmoe�samarTalwarmoe�

bidan gamomdinareobda.21

zemoT aRniSnuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo askvnis,

rom saqarTveloSi amJamad arsebuli individualuri konstituciuri

sarCelis sistema, romelsac aklia efeqtiani meqanizmebi, SesTavazos

momCivans pirdapiri da konkretuli saSualebebi adamianis uflebebis

darRvevis konkretuli SemTxvevebis gamosworebisTvis, ar SeiZleba sak� konkretuli SemTxvevebis gamosworebisTvis, ar SeiZleba sak�konkretuli SemTxvevebis gamosworebisTvis, ar SeiZleba sak� SemTxvevebis gamosworebisTvis, ar SeiZleba sak�SemTxvevebis gamosworebisTvis, ar SeiZleba sak� gamosworebisTvis, ar SeiZleba sak�gamosworebisTvis, ar SeiZleba sak� ar SeiZleba sak�ar SeiZleba sak� SeiZleba sak�SeiZleba sak� sak�sak�

marisi damajereblobiT iqnes ganxiluli rogorc saTanado saSualeba

aRusruleblobis Taobaze wardgenili sarCelisaTvis.22

3. evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoTa sakonstitucio sasamarTloebi

evropulma sasamarTlom mraval SemTxvevaSi daadgina, rom samarTal� sasamarTlom mraval SemTxvevaSi daadgina, rom samarTal�sasamarTlom mraval SemTxvevaSi daadgina, rom samarTal� mraval SemTxvevaSi daadgina, rom samarTal�mraval SemTxvevaSi daadgina, rom samarTal� SemTxvevaSi daadgina, rom samarTal�SemTxvevaSi daadgina, rom samarTal� daadgina, rom samarTal�daadgina, rom samarTal� rom samarTal�rom samarTal� samarTal�samarTal�

warmoebaze vrceldeba konvenciis me�6 muxlis 1�li punqtis moqmedeba,

21 ix., Sürmeli, zemoT aRniSnuli, §§105�106; Hartman, zemoT aRniSnuli, §§67-83.22 ix.: a contrario, Sürmeli, zemoT aRniSnuli, §103; mutatis mutandis, Horvat v. Croatia, №51585/99,

§44, ECHR 2001-VIII; Vodeničarov v. Slovakia, №24530/94, §§43� 44, 21 dekemberi, 2000.

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salome Sulaia

Tuki misi Sedegi gadamwyvetia samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule� misi Sedegi gadamwyvetia samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule�misi Sedegi gadamwyvetia samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule� Sedegi gadamwyvetia samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule�Sedegi gadamwyvetia samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule� gadamwyvetia samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule�gadamwyvetia samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule� samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule�samoqalaqo uflebebisa da valdebule� uflebebisa da valdebule�uflebebisa da valdebule� da valdebule�da valdebule� valdebule�valdebule�

bebisaTvis, Tundac ganxilva sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimdin� Tundac ganxilva sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimdin�Tundac ganxilva sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimdin� ganxilva sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimdin�ganxilva sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimdin� sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimdin�sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimdin� sasamarTloSi mimdin�sasamarTloSi mimdin� mimdin�mimdin�

areobdes.23

3.1. sarCelis wardgenis ufleba Semdgomi (a posteriori) kontrolis

mizniT

subieqtebi: kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi kontrolis mizniT sakonstitu� kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi kontrolis mizniT sakonstitu�kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi kontrolis mizniT sakonstitu� Semdgomi kontrolis mizniT sakonstitu�Semdgomi kontrolis mizniT sakonstitu� kontrolis mizniT sakonstitu�kontrolis mizniT sakonstitu� mizniT sakonstitu�mizniT sakonstitu� sakonstitu�sakonstitu�

cio sasamarTloSi sarCelis ufleba aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed� sasamarTloSi sarCelis ufleba aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed�sasamarTloSi sarCelis ufleba aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed� sarCelis ufleba aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed�sarCelis ufleba aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed� ufleba aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed�ufleba aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed� aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed�aqvT sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed� sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed�sxva subiqtebsac, imis mixed� subiqtebsac, imis mixed�imis mixed� mixed�mixed�

viT, Tu saidan warmoiSva dava. aseve mniSvnelovania konstituciuri

davebis wamowyebis ori sxva gza. erT�erTi ki fizikur pirTa saCivrebia.

3.2. xelmisawvdomoba kerZo pirTaTvis

fizikur da iuridiul pirebs aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim� da iuridiul pirebs aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim�da iuridiul pirebs aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim� iuridiul pirebs aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim�iuridiul pirebs aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim� pirebs aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim�pirebs aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim� aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim�aqvT ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim� ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim�ufleba, sarCeliT pirdapir mim� sarCeliT pirdapir mim�sarCeliT pirdapir mim� pirdapir mim�pirdapir mim� mim�mim�

arTon sakonstitucio sasamarTlos.

kerZo pirebis mier sasamarTlosadmi pirdapiri mimarTva SeiZleba

ganxorcieldes Semdeg sam konteqstSi: 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon� Semdeg sam konteqstSi: 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon�Semdeg sam konteqstSi: 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon� sam konteqstSi: 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon�sam konteqstSi: 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon� konteqstSi: 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon�konteqstSi: 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon� 1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon�1. sarCeli waredgineba sakon� sarCeli waredgineba sakon�sarCeli waredgineba sakon� waredgineba sakon�waredgineba sakon� sakon�sakon�

stitucio sasamarTlos im safuZvelze, rom sadavo arakonstituciurma

normam, kanoni iqneba es, brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo� kanoni iqneba es, brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo�kanoni iqneba es, brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo� iqneba es, brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo�iqneba es, brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo� es, brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo�es, brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo� brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo�brZanebuleba Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo� Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo�Tu dekreti, ziani miayena mo� dekreti, ziani miayena mo�dekreti, ziani miayena mo� ziani miayena mo�ziani miayena mo� miayena mo�miayena mo� mo�mo�

sarCeles (es procedura sakmaod gavrcelebulia);24 2. sarCeliT, rom�2. sarCeliT, rom� sarCeliT, rom�sarCeliT, rom� rom�rom�

lis safuZvelia saxelmwifo moxelis mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci� safuZvelia saxelmwifo moxelis mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci�safuZvelia saxelmwifo moxelis mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci� saxelmwifo moxelis mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci�saxelmwifo moxelis mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci� moxelis mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci�moxelis mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci� mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci�mier moqmedi kanonis konstituci� moqmedi kanonis konstituci�moqmedi kanonis konstituci� kanonis konstituci�kanonis konstituci� konstituci�konstituci�

is sawinaaRmdegod gamoyeneba, riTac ziani miadga mosarCeles25 (aRniS�(aRniS�

nuli umetes SemTxvevaSi scildeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� umetes SemTxvevaSi scildeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�umetes SemTxvevaSi scildeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� SemTxvevaSi scildeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�SemTxvevaSi scildeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� scildeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�scildeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ufle� sasamarTlos ufle�sasamarTlos ufle� ufle�ufle�

bamosilebis farglebs); 3, sarCeliT, romelic eWvqveS ayenebs kanonis

an sxva normatiuli aqtis konstituciurobas, miuxedavad imisa, miadga

Tu ara mosarCeles raime ziani, anu e.w. action popularis-iT, romelic

nebadarTulia mxolod ungreTSi, bulgareTSi, rumineTsa da somxeTSi

da masSi saerTod ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli uSualod fizikuri Tu

23 k. korkelia, n. mWedliZe, a. nalbandovi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba adamia�nis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da misi oqmebis standartebTan, Tb., 2004. gv. 121.

24 poloneTis 1997 wlis konstitucia, 79.1 muxli; CexeTis respublikis konstitucia, 87.1(d) muxli; germaniis ZiriTadi kanoni, 93.1(4a) muxli; espaneTis konstitucia, 161.1(b) muxli.

25 slovakeTis konstitucia, 127�e muxli; CexeTis konstitucia, 87.1(d) muxli; zog qveyanaSi, magaliTad: safrangeTSi, poloneTsa da ruseTSi saerTo an administraciul sasamarT�loebs SeuZliaT gadawyviton es sakiTxebi.

247


iuridiuli pirebis mier sasamarTlosaTvis sarCelis wardgenis ufleba,

Tumca pirveli ori saxelmwifo dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi� pirveli ori saxelmwifo dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi�pirveli ori saxelmwifo dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi� ori saxelmwifo dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi�ori saxelmwifo dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi� saxelmwifo dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi�saxelmwifo dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi� dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi�dasaSvebad miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi� miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi�miiCnevs arapirdapir xelmi� arapirdapir xelmi�arapirdapir xelmi� xelmi�

sawvdomobas saerTo sasamarTloebidan mimarTvebis saxiT.26

poloneTSi sakonstitucio tribunali axorcielebs konstituciur

marTlmsajulebas. aq saerTod ara aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia� aq saerTod ara aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia�aq saerTod ara aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia� saerTod ara aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia�saerTod ara aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia� ara aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia�ara aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia� aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia�aqvT fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia� fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia�fizikur pirebs ufleba, adamia� pirebs ufleba, adamia�pirebs ufleba, adamia� ufleba, adamia�ufleba, adamia� adamia�adamia�

nis uflebebis darRvevebis Taobaze mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT� uflebebis darRvevebis Taobaze mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT�uflebebis darRvevebis Taobaze mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT� darRvevebis Taobaze mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT�darRvevebis Taobaze mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT� Taobaze mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT�Taobaze mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT� mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT�mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los da moiTxovon maTi uflebebis dacva.

did britaneTSi ki saerTod ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed� britaneTSi ki saerTod ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed�britaneTSi ki saerTod ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed� ki saerTod ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed�ki saerTod ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed� saerTod ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed�saerTod ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed� ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed�ar arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed� arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed�arsebobs sakonstitucio zedamxed� sakonstitucio zedamxed�sakonstitucio zedamxed� zedamxed�zedamxed�

velobis instituti im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom qveyanas ar gaaCnia

erTiani aqti, romelic gamocxadebuli iqneboda saxelmwifos ZiriTad

kanonad. aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom didi britaneTis sasamarT� aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom didi britaneTis sasamarT�aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom didi britaneTis sasamarT� is garemoebac, rom didi britaneTis sasamarT�is garemoebac, rom didi britaneTis sasamarT� garemoebac, rom didi britaneTis sasamarT�garemoebac, rom didi britaneTis sasamarT� rom didi britaneTis sasamarT�rom didi britaneTis sasamarT� didi britaneTis sasamarT�didi britaneTis sasamarT� britaneTis sasamarT�britaneTis sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

loebis mier ar xdeba ama Tu im aqtis àrakanonierad~ gamocxadeba da im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu kanonSi aris naklovanebebi, maTi aRmofxvra xdeba ufro

`rbili~ meTodebiT.27

zogi qveyana, magaliTad CexeTis respublika, slovakeTi da saqarT� qveyana, magaliTad CexeTis respublika, slovakeTi da saqarT�qveyana, magaliTad CexeTis respublika, slovakeTi da saqarT� magaliTad CexeTis respublika, slovakeTi da saqarT�magaliTad CexeTis respublika, slovakeTi da saqarT� CexeTis respublika, slovakeTi da saqarT�respublika, slovakeTi da saqarT� slovakeTi da saqarT�da saqarT� saqarT�saqarT�

velo28, konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevisaTvis iTvaliswinebs indi� konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevisaTvis iTvaliswinebs indi�konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevisaTvis iTvaliswinebs indi� uflebebis darRvevisaTvis iTvaliswinebs indi�uflebebis darRvevisaTvis iTvaliswinebs indi� darRvevisaTvis iTvaliswinebs indi�darRvevisaTvis iTvaliswinebs indi� iTvaliswinebs indi�iTvaliswinebs indi� indi�indi�

videbis mier sasamarTlosaTvis sarCelis pirdapir wardgenas mxolod

maTi konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi. ungreTSi aseTi

SezRudva ar arsebobs, slovakeTi ki uSvebs individualuri sarCelis

Setanas mxolod kanonis Sefardebis, da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu� mxolod kanonis Sefardebis, da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu�mxolod kanonis Sefardebis, da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu� kanonis Sefardebis, da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu�kanonis Sefardebis, da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu� Sefardebis, da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu�Sefardebis, da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu� da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu�da ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu� ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu�ara Tavad kanonis, konstitu� Tavad kanonis, konstitu�Tavad kanonis, konstitu� kanonis, konstitu�kanonis, konstitu� konstitu�

ciurobis Sesaxeb.

dasavleT evropaSi individualuri sarCelebi mZime tvirTad daawva

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos.29 saqmeTa raodenobis Semcirebis mizniT

germaniaSi moqmedebs wesi, romlis mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT� moqmedebs wesi, romlis mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT�moqmedebs wesi, romlis mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT� wesi, romlis mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT�wesi, romlis mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT� romlis mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT�romlis mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT� mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT�mixedviTac, sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

loSi sarCelis wardgenamde saWiroa yvela sxva saSualebis amowurva.30

aRmosavleT evropelebmac mibaZes am magaliTs, im gamonaklisiT, rom

26 bulgareTis konstitucia, 150.2 muxli (wardginebebi SeuZliaT mxolod uzenaes sakasacio sasamarTlos da uzenaes administraciul sasamarTlos).

27 o. melqaZe, sazRvargareTis qveynebis konstituciuri samarTali, krebuli �, politikur�samarTlebrivi literaturis seria, wigni V��, Tb., 1999, gv. 122.

28 CexeTis respublikis konstitucia, 87.1(d) muxli; slovakeTis aqti, 127�e muxli; slovake�Tis konstitucia, 18.1(v) muxli. xolo 18.2 muxli TiTqos dasaSvebad ufro farTo katego�rias miiCnevs; saqarTvelos konstitucia, 89�e muxli.

29 herman Svarci, konstituciuri marTlmsajulebis damkvidreba postkomunistur evropaSi, Tb., 2003, gv. 81.

30 germaniis aqti, 90.2 muxli, moTxovnidan gamonaklisia, Tu saxezea `mosarCelisaTvis serio�germaniis aqti, 90.2 muxli, moTxovnidan gamonaklisia, Tu saxezea `mosarCelisaTvis serio�zuli da gardauvali ziani (araxelsayreli mdgomareoba)~.

248

salome Sulaia

CexeTisa da slovakeTis respublikebSi ar aris aucilebeli samarT�da slovakeTis respublikebSi ar aris aucilebeli samarT� slovakeTis respublikebSi ar aris aucilebeli samarT�respublikebSi ar aris aucilebeli samarT� ar aris aucilebeli samarT�ar aris aucilebeli samarT� aris aucilebeli samarT�aris aucilebeli samarT� aucilebeli samarT�aucilebeli samarT� samarT�samarT�

lebrivi saSualebebis amowurva im SemTxvevaSi, roca `sarCelis Sinaarsi

mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mosarCelis individualur interesebze,“

an, Tu arsebobs imis safrTxe, rom saqmis ganxilvis gadadebam SeiZleba

gamousworebeli ziani gamoiwvios.

saintereso iqneba TiToeuli am qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am� iqneba TiToeuli am qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am�iqneba TiToeuli am qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am� TiToeuli am qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am�TiToeuli am qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am� am qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am�am qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am� qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am�qveynis magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am� magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am�magaliTebis ganxilva. Tu am� ganxilva. Tu am�ganxilva. Tu am� Tu am�Tu am� am�am�

Jamad saqarTveloSi sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimarTva àraefeq� saqarTveloSi sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimarTva àraefeq�saqarTveloSi sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimarTva àraefeq� sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimarTva àraefeq�sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimarTva àraefeq� sasamarTloSi mimarTva àraefeq�sasamarTloSi mimarTva àraefeq� mimarTva àraefeq�mimarTva àraefeq� àraefeq�

tianadaa“ miCneuli, qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde�miCneuli, qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde� qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde�qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde� moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde�moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde� magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde�magaliTebidan naTlad gamoCnde� naTlad gamoCnde�naTlad gamoCnde� gamoCnde�gamoCnde�

ba, rom aseTi gamonaklisebi arc sxva qveynebi arian.

3.3. germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo

germaniis sasamarTlo sistemis arsebiTi struqturuli Tavisebureba

imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom igi ramdenime calke iurisdiqciad iyofa.

es aris sakonstitucio, Cveulebrivi anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx� aris sakonstitucio, Cveulebrivi anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx�aris sakonstitucio, Cveulebrivi anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx� sakonstitucio, Cveulebrivi anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx�sakonstitucio, Cveulebrivi anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx� Cveulebrivi anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx�Cveulebrivi anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx� anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx�anu saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx� saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx�saerTo (samoqalaqo da sisx� (samoqalaqo da sisx�(samoqalaqo da sisx� da sisx�da sisx� sisx�sisx�

lis samarTlis), Sromis, administraciuli, socialuri, safinanso, dis� samarTlis), Sromis, administraciuli, socialuri, safinanso, dis�samarTlis), Sromis, administraciuli, socialuri, safinanso, dis� Sromis, administraciuli, socialuri, safinanso, dis�Sromis, administraciuli, socialuri, safinanso, dis� administraciuli, socialuri, safinanso, dis�administraciuli, socialuri, safinanso, dis� socialuri, safinanso, dis�socialuri, safinanso, dis� safinanso, dis�safinanso, dis� dis�

ciplinuri da Rirsebis sasamarTloTa iurisdiqcia.

sakonstitucio iurisdiqcia saxelmwifo anu konstituciuri samar� iurisdiqcia saxelmwifo anu konstituciuri samar�iurisdiqcia saxelmwifo anu konstituciuri samar� saxelmwifo anu konstituciuri samar�saxelmwifo anu konstituciuri samar� anu konstituciuri samar�anu konstituciuri samar� konstituciuri samar�konstituciuri samar� samar�samar�

Tlis sakiTxebs moicavs. federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa� sakiTxebs moicavs. federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa�sakiTxebs moicavs. federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa� moicavs. federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa�moicavs. federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa� federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa�federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa� sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa�sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sa� sasamarTlo sa�sasamarTlo sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo xelisuflebis umaRlesi organoa, romelic sasamarTlo

sistemisagan gancalkevebiT aris moazrebuli.31

erTi mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba germanuli sakonstitucio iuris� mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba germanuli sakonstitucio iuris�mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba germanuli sakonstitucio iuris� Tavisebureba germanuli sakonstitucio iuris�Tavisebureba germanuli sakonstitucio iuris� germanuli sakonstitucio iuris�germanuli sakonstitucio iuris� sakonstitucio iuris�sakonstitucio iuris� iuris�iuris�

diqciisa is gaxlavT, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi gza ixsneba mas

Semdeg, rac gavlilia marTlmsajulebis yvela konstituciuri instancia

da konfliqti mainc ar aris gadawyvetili. amasTan, isic niSandoblivia,

rom kontrolis instanciebis ierarqia Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe� kontrolis instanciebis ierarqia Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe�kontrolis instanciebis ierarqia Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe� instanciebis ierarqia Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe�instanciebis ierarqia Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe� ierarqia Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe�ierarqia Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe� Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe�Seesabameba saxelmwifo organoe� saxelmwifo organoe�saxelmwifo organoe� organoe�organoe�

bis ierarqias, anu konstitucia da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu� ierarqias, anu konstitucia da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu�ierarqias, anu konstitucia da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu� anu konstitucia da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu�anu konstitucia da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu� konstitucia da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu�konstitucia da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu� da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu�da sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu� sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu�sakonstitucio kontroli struqtu� kontroli struqtu�kontroli struqtu� struqtu�struqtu�

rulad adekvaturia.

3.3.1. federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi

germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimdinare saqmi� federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimdinare saqmi�federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimdinare saqmi� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimdinare saqmi�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimdinare saqmi� sasamarTlos mimdinare saqmi�sasamarTlos mimdinare saqmi� mimdinare saqmi�mimdinare saqmi� saqmi�saqmi�

anobis analizi migvaniSnebs, rom konstitucia, miuxedavad mniSvnelovani

31 o. melqaZe, n. ramiSvili, germaniis konstituciuri samarTali, politikur�saxelmwifoe�o. melqaZe, n. ramiSvili, germaniis konstituciuri samarTali, politikur�saxelmwifoe�brivi literaturis seria, wigni ��, Tb., 1999, gv.1 39.

249


detalizaciisa, mainc srulad ver asaxavs misi saqmianobis Tematikas.

rogorc Cans, kanonmdeblebisaTvis es moulodneli ar yofila da ami� Cans, kanonmdeblebisaTvis es moulodneli ar yofila da ami�Cans, kanonmdeblebisaTvis es moulodneli ar yofila da ami� kanonmdeblebisaTvis es moulodneli ar yofila da ami�kanonmdeblebisaTvis es moulodneli ar yofila da ami� es moulodneli ar yofila da ami�es moulodneli ar yofila da ami� moulodneli ar yofila da ami�moulodneli ar yofila da ami� ar yofila da ami�ar yofila da ami� yofila da ami�yofila da ami� da ami�da ami� ami�ami�

tomaa 93�e muxlis meore abzacSi datovebuli SesaZlebloba mimdinare

procesis kvaldakval, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, misi amocnobis gasafa� kvaldakval, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, misi amocnobis gasafa�kvaldakval, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, misi amocnobis gasafa� saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, misi amocnobis gasafa�saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, misi amocnobis gasafa� SemTxvevaSi, misi amocnobis gasafa�SemTxvevaSi, misi amocnobis gasafa� misi amocnobis gasafa�misi amocnobis gasafa� amocnobis gasafa�amocnobis gasafa� gasafa�gasafa�

rToeblad. asec moxda: dRes federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo

ganixilavs konstituciur saCivrebsa da davebs federaciis probleme� konstituciur saCivrebsa da davebs federaciis probleme�konstituciur saCivrebsa da davebs federaciis probleme� saCivrebsa da davebs federaciis probleme�saCivrebsa da davebs federaciis probleme� da davebs federaciis probleme�da davebs federaciis probleme� davebs federaciis probleme�davebs federaciis probleme� federaciis probleme�federaciis probleme� probleme�probleme�

bze, axorcielebs sasamarTlo Semowmebebs samarTlebrivi normebis nam� axorcielebs sasamarTlo Semowmebebs samarTlebrivi normebis nam�axorcielebs sasamarTlo Semowmebebs samarTlebrivi normebis nam� sasamarTlo Semowmebebs samarTlebrivi normebis nam�sasamarTlo Semowmebebs samarTlebrivi normebis nam� Semowmebebs samarTlebrivi normebis nam�samarTlebrivi normebis nam� normebis nam�normebis nam� nam�nam�

dvilobasTan, konstituciis dacvasa da arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores� konstituciis dacvasa da arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores�konstituciis dacvasa da arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores� dacvasa da arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores�dacvasa da arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores� da arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores�da arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores� arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores�arCevnebis Sedegebis siswores� Sedegebis siswores�Sedegebis siswores� siswores�siswores�

Tan dakavSirebiT, amowmebs nebismieri moqalaqis saCivars konstituciis

dacvis sakiTxebze, Tuki mosarCele saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mxridan

Tavs dazaralebulad miiCnevs.32

sakonstitucio zedamxedvelobis areali germaniaSi imdenad vrce� zedamxedvelobis areali germaniaSi imdenad vrce�zedamxedvelobis areali germaniaSi imdenad vrce� areali germaniaSi imdenad vrce�areali germaniaSi imdenad vrce� germaniaSi imdenad vrce�germaniaSi imdenad vrce� imdenad vrce�imdenad vrce� vrce�vrce�

lia, rom, federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos garda, am saqmes

sakonstitucio sasamarTloebis mTeli sistema meTvalyureobs. sakon� sasamarTloebis mTeli sistema meTvalyureobs. sakon�sasamarTloebis mTeli sistema meTvalyureobs. sakon� mTeli sistema meTvalyureobs. sakon�mTeli sistema meTvalyureobs. sakon� sistema meTvalyureobs. sakon�sistema meTvalyureobs. sakon� meTvalyureobs. sakon�meTvalyureobs. sakon� sakon�sakon�

stitucio sasamarTloebi Seqmnilia yvela miwis xelisuflebaSi.33

3.3.2. sakonstitucio zedamxedveloba

germaniis federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi sakiTxebis day� federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi sakiTxebis day�federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi sakiTxebis day� sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi sakiTxebis day�sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi sakiTxebis day� sasamarTloSi sakiTxebis day�sasamarTloSi sakiTxebis day� sakiTxebis day�sakiTxebis day� day�day�

eneba xdeba saCivrebisa da mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon� xdeba saCivrebisa da mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon�xdeba saCivrebisa da mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon� saCivrebisa da mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon�saCivrebisa da mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon� da mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon�da mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon� mimarTvebis formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon�formiT. garda imisa, rom, kon� garda imisa, rom, kon�garda imisa, rom, kon� imisa, rom, kon�imisa, rom, kon� rom, kon�rom, kon� kon�kon�

stituciis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, federalurma kanonma sakonsti� moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, federalurma kanonma sakonsti�moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, federalurma kanonma sakonsti� gamomdinare, federalurma kanonma sakonsti�gamomdinare, federalurma kanonma sakonsti� federalurma kanonma sakonsti�federalurma kanonma sakonsti� kanonma sakonsti�kanonma sakonsti� sakonsti�sakonsti�

tucio sasamarTloSi Sesuli saCivrebisaTvis pirobis saxiT daadgina

saqmis winasasamarTlo wesiT amowurvis SesaZlebloba da gaiTvaliswina

saCivrebis miRebis gansakuTrebuli procedura, mimarTvebi saCivrebi� miRebis gansakuTrebuli procedura, mimarTvebi saCivrebi�miRebis gansakuTrebuli procedura, mimarTvebi saCivrebi� gansakuTrebuli procedura, mimarTvebi saCivrebi�gansakuTrebuli procedura, mimarTvebi saCivrebi� procedura, mimarTvebi saCivrebi�procedura, mimarTvebi saCivrebi� mimarTvebi saCivrebi�saCivrebi�

sagan principulad gansxvavdeba da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan� principulad gansxvavdeba da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan�principulad gansxvavdeba da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan� gansxvavdeba da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan�gansxvavdeba da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan� da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan�da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan� masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan�masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiTac gan� gaTvaliswinebiTac gan�gaTvaliswinebiTac gan� gan�gan�

sxvavebuli kategoriis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi� kategoriis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi�kategoriis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi� saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi�saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi� dakavSirebiT gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi�dakavSirebiT gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi� gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi�gamoiyeneba; Tu saCi� Tu saCi�Tu saCi� saCi�saCi�

vari konkretul saqmesTan konkretuli pirovnebis interesidan amodis,

mimarTva konstituciursamarTlebriv sakiTxs ayenebs, anu gasaCivrebuli

gadawyvetilebis politikur mxares exeba. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed� politikur mxares exeba. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed�politikur mxares exeba. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed� mxares exeba. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed�mxares exeba. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed� exeba. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed�exeba. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed� magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed�magram yvela SemTxvevaSi fed� yvela SemTxvevaSi fed�yvela SemTxvevaSi fed� SemTxvevaSi fed�SemTxvevaSi fed� fed�fed�

eraluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos uSualo amocana ara subieqtis

uflebaTa, aramed konstituciis dacva da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv� aramed konstituciis dacva da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv�aramed konstituciis dacva da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv� konstituciis dacva da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv�konstituciis dacva da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv� dacva da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv�dacva da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv� da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv�da mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv� mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv�mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedv� Sesrulebaze zedamxedv�Sesrulebaze zedamxedv� zedamxedv�zedamxedv�

32 o. melqaZe, n. ramiSvili, germaniis konstituciuri samarTali, politikur�saxelmwifoe�o. melqaZe, n. ramiSvili, germaniis konstituciuri samarTali, politikur�saxelmwifoe�brivi literaturis seria, wigni ��, Tb., 1999, gv. 154�155.

33 garda Slezvig�holSteinisa, romelmac, ZiriTadi kanonis 99�e muxlis Tanaxmad, miwis Si�garda Slezvig�holSteinisa, romelmac, ZiriTadi kanonis 99�e muxlis Tanaxmad, miwis Si�gniT sakonstitucio zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis funqcia gadasca federalur sa�konstitucio sasamarTlos.

250

salome Sulaia

elobaa. realoba iseTia, rom federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

mier ganxiluli yvela saqmidan absoluturi umravlesoba moqalaqeTa

konstituciuri saCivrebia administraciul aqtebTan dakavSirebiT. ase

rom, federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ara mxolod konstituciis

damcveli da ZiriTadi interpretatoria, aramed adamianis uflebaTa da

TavisuflebaTa dacvis ukanaskneli erovnuli instancia.34

ZiriTadi kanoni uflebas aniWebs moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti� kanoni uflebas aniWebs moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti�kanoni uflebas aniWebs moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti� uflebas aniWebs moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti�uflebas aniWebs moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti� aniWebs moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti�aniWebs moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti� moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti�moqalaqeebs, waradginon `konsti� waradginon `konsti�

tuciuri sarCeli~, Tuki es ukanaskneli saxelmwifo xelisuflebis

romelime organos moqmedebiT miiCnevs, rom xdeba mis uflebebSi Careva.

wlidan wlamde aTasobiT adamiani mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT� wlamde aTasobiT adamiani mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT�wlamde aTasobiT adamiani mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT� aTasobiT adamiani mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT�aTasobiT adamiani mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT� adamiani mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT�adamiani mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT� mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT�mimarTavs sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los, Tumca sasamarTlos aqvs ufleba, sarCelebidan airCios is, romlis

safuZvelzec SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo� SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo�SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo� miRebul iqnes mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo�miRebul iqnes mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo� iqnes mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo�iqnes mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo� mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo�mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba mo� gadawyvetileba mo�gadawyvetileba mo� mo�mo�

qmed samarTlebriv normebTan dakavSirebiT. federaluri sakonstitu� samarTlebriv normebTan dakavSirebiT. federaluri sakonstitu�samarTlebriv normebTan dakavSirebiT. federaluri sakonstitu� normebTan dakavSirebiT. federaluri sakonstitu�normebTan dakavSirebiT. federaluri sakonstitu� dakavSirebiT. federaluri sakonstitu�dakavSirebiT. federaluri sakonstitu� federaluri sakonstitu�federaluri sakonstitu� sakonstitu�sakonstitu�

cio sasamarTlo sargeblobs monopoliuri uflebiT mTeli sasamarTlo

sistemisaTvis konstituciis axsna�ganmartebaze.

3.3.3. saqme selim surmeli germaniis winaaRmdeg

saqmis _ selim surmeli germaniis winaaRmdeg35 _ mixedviT ganmcxadeb� ganmcxadeb�ganmcxadeb�

els, TurqeTis moqalaqes, 1982 wlis 3 maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve� 1982 wlis 3 maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve�1982 wlis 3 maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve� wlis 3 maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve�wlis 3 maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve� 3 maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve�3 maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve� maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve�maiss ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve� ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve�ubeduri SemTxveva mouvida ve� SemTxveva mouvida ve�SemTxveva mouvida ve� mouvida ve�mouvida ve� ve�ve�

losipedistTan Sejaxebisas _ xeli moitexa da cxviric gaitexa. 1982 wlis

22 maiss igi saavadmyofodan iqna gawerili. 1994 wlis 1 ivlisidan ki, mas

Semdeg, rac 1993 wels marcxena xeli moaWres, daeniSna invalidobis pensia.

(1) saqmis warmoeba federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi

2001 wlis 14 marts ganmcxadebelma sakonstitucio sarCeliT mimarTa

federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTlos.

Tavis saCivarSi igi acxadebda, rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� saCivarSi igi acxadebda, rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�saCivarSi igi acxadebda, rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� igi acxadebda, rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�igi acxadebda, rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� acxadebda, rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�acxadebda, rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�rom hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� pirveli instanciis sa�pirveli instanciis sa� instanciis sa�instanciis sa� sa�sa�

samarTloSi misi saqme 1989 wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga� misi saqme 1989 wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga�misi saqme 1989 wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga� saqme 1989 wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga�saqme 1989 wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga� 1989 wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga�1989 wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga� wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga�wlidan mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga� mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga�mimdinareobda da mis cxovrebas ga� da mis cxovrebas ga�da mis cxovrebas ga� mis cxovrebas ga�mis cxovrebas ga� cxovrebas ga�cxovrebas ga� ga�ga�

mousworebeli kvali daamCnia.

34 o. melqaZe, sazRvargareTis qveynebis konstituciuri samarTali, krebuli �, politikur�samarTlebrivi literaturis seria, wigni V��, Tb., 1999, gv. 80�81. (aseve 162�e gv.); ix. aseve o. melqaZe, n. ramiSvili, germaniis konstituciuri samarTali, politikur�saxelmwifoe�brivi literaturis seria, wigni ��, Tb., 1999, gv. 162.

35 ix. Selim SÜRMELI c. l’Allemagne ganacxadi #75529/01 gadawyvetileba daSvebadobaze.

251


ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom misi saCivris ganxilvas uamravi dro

moandomes.

2001 wlis 23 marts federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano� wlis 23 marts federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano�wlis 23 marts federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano� 23 marts federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano�23 marts federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano� marts federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano�marts federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano� federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano�federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano� sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano�sakonstitucio sasamarTlom hano� sasamarTlom hano�sasamarTlom hano� hano�hano�

veris pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos werili gaugzavna da dainteres� pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos werili gaugzavna da dainteres�pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos werili gaugzavna da dainteres� instanciis sasamarTlos werili gaugzavna da dainteres�instanciis sasamarTlos werili gaugzavna da dainteres� sasamarTlos werili gaugzavna da dainteres�sasamarTlos werili gaugzavna da dainteres� werili gaugzavna da dainteres�werili gaugzavna da dainteres� gaugzavna da dainteres�gaugzavna da dainteres� da dainteres�da dainteres� dainteres�dainteres�

da saqmis mdgomareobiT. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sasamarTlom acnoba, rom

aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT mas ukve hqonda CaniSnuli sasamarTlo

sxdoma 2001 wlis 22 ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� 2001 wlis 22 ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa�2001 wlis 22 ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� wlis 22 ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa�wlis 22 ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� 22 ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa�22 ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa�ivnisisaTvis. 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� 2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa�2001 wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa�wlis 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� 22 maiss sakonstitucio sa�22 maiss sakonstitucio sa� maiss sakonstitucio sa�maiss sakonstitucio sa� sakonstitucio sa�sakonstitucio sa� sa�sa�

samarTlom aRniSnuli werilis asli ganmcxadebelsac gadaugzavna.

2001 wlis 16 ivliss ganmcxadebelma moiTxova, rom sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos misi sarCeli mTavari siidan36 (Allgemeines Register) gansax�ilvel saqmeTa (Verfahrensregister) siaSi gadaetana. amis Semdeg man dam�siaSi gadaetana. amis Semdeg man dam� gadaetana. amis Semdeg man dam�gadaetana. amis Semdeg man dam� amis Semdeg man dam�amis Semdeg man dam� Semdeg man dam�Semdeg man dam� man dam�man dam� dam�dam�

atebiTi mimoxilvebi warmoadgina Tavis pretenziebTan dakavSirebiT.

2001 wlis 16 agvistos federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom

miiRo gadawyvetileba, ar ganexila ganmcxadeblis saCivari, ise, rom ar

daasabuTa Tavisi gadawyvetileba. masSi mxolod aRniSnuli iyo, rom ar

ganixilavdnen aRniSnul saCivars, radgan ar arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw� aRniSnul saCivars, radgan ar arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw�aRniSnul saCivars, radgan ar arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw� saCivars, radgan ar arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw�saCivars, radgan ar arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw� ar arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw�ar arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw� arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw�arsebobda Sesabamisi gadaw� Sesabamisi gadaw�Sesabamisi gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetileba, romlis gasaCivrebac xdeboda aRniSnuli saCivriT.

2002 wlis 23 maiss ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� wlis 23 maiss ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�wlis 23 maiss ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� 23 maiss ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�23 maiss ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� maiss ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�maiss ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�ganmcxadebelma hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa� hanoveris pirveli instanciis sa�pirveli instanciis sa� instanciis sa�instanciis sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos mimarTa da moiTxova im materialuri zianis anazRaureba,

rac man gawia saqmis mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce� man gawia saqmis mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce�man gawia saqmis mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce� gawia saqmis mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce�gawia saqmis mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce� saqmis mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce�saqmis mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce� mimdinareobisas, vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce�vinaidan misi ganxilvis proce� misi ganxilvis proce�misi ganxilvis proce� ganxilvis proce�ganxilvis proce� proce�proce�

dura sakmaod did xans gagrZelda. aRniSnuli moTxovna ukugdebul

iqna im motiviT, rom saqmis ganxilvis procedura ar gaWianurebula da

amis mizezi mxolod sasamarTlos gadatvirTuloba iyo. garda amisa,

ganmcxadebels ar warmoudgenia zaralis is miaxloebuli odenoba, rac

man ganicada. saapelacio sasamarTlom daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw� ganicada. saapelacio sasamarTlom daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw�ganicada. saapelacio sasamarTlom daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw� saapelacio sasamarTlom daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw�saapelacio sasamarTlom daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw� sasamarTlom daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw�sasamarTlom daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw� daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw�daadastura aRniSnuli gadaw� aRniSnuli gadaw�aRniSnuli gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetileba.

36 federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos reglamentis me�60 muxli. ̀ federalur sakonsti�federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos reglamentis me�60 muxli. ̀ federalur sakonsti�federalur sakonsti�tucio sasamarTloSi Sesuli saCivrebi, romlebic ar exeba sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeebs, an romelTa miRebac ar daiSveba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, registrirdeba saerTo reestrSi (Allgemeines Register).“

61�e muxli. `Tavmjdomare Tu misi moadgile (federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo), iRebs gadawyvetilebas, dasaSvebia Tu ara sarCeli mTavar siaSi. aRniSnuli uflebamosi�leba aseve SeiZleba delegirebul eqnes mdivansac. (Präsidialräte); saqme, romelic mTavar JurnalSi iqna gatarebuli reglamentis me�60 muxlis §2�is Tanaxmad, unda iqnes Setanili sasamarTlo saqmeTa registrSi, Tu ganmcxadebeli piri, misTvis samarTlebrivi safuZvle�bis axsnis Semdeg, Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis miRebis Sesaxeb.“

252

salome Sulaia

2002 wlis 26 maiss Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade� wlis 26 maiss Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade�wlis 26 maiss Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade� 26 maiss Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade�26 maiss Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade� maiss Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade�maiss Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade� Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade�Tavis pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade� pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade�pirvel saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade� saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade�saCivarTan mimarTebiT ganmcxade� mimarTebiT ganmcxade�mimarTebiT ganmcxade� ganmcxade�ganmcxade�

belma axali saCivari warudgina federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT� axali saCivari warudgina federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT�axali saCivari warudgina federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT� saCivari warudgina federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT�saCivari warudgina federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT� warudgina federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT�warudgina federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT� federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT�federalur sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los. mis saCivarze pasuxi Semdegnairad iqna Camoyalibebuli: saCivari

ar akmayofilebda federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb

kanonis 93�e muxlis me�2 paragrafiT dadgenil moTxovnebs, ar warmoad� 93�e muxlis me�2 paragrafiT dadgenil moTxovnebs, ar warmoad�muxlis me�2 paragrafiT dadgenil moTxovnebs, ar warmoad� dadgenil moTxovnebs, ar warmoad�dadgenil moTxovnebs, ar warmoad� moTxovnebs, ar warmoad�moTxovnebs, ar warmoad� ar warmoad�ar warmoad� warmoad�warmoad�

genda mniSvnelovan sakiTxs. saCivrebi ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri� mniSvnelovan sakiTxs. saCivrebi ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri�mniSvnelovan sakiTxs. saCivrebi ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri� sakiTxs. saCivrebi ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri�sakiTxs. saCivrebi ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri� saCivrebi ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri�saCivrebi ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri� ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri�ar Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri� Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri�Seicavda mimoxilvebs im Ziri� mimoxilvebs im Ziri�im Ziri� Ziri�Ziri�

Tad sakiTxebze, romlebic exeboda hanoveris sasamarTlos mier vadis

gaWianurebas.

sasamarTlom aRniSnuli mizezebi sakmarisad miiCnia federaluri sa� aRniSnuli mizezebi sakmarisad miiCnia federaluri sa�aRniSnuli mizezebi sakmarisad miiCnia federaluri sa� mizezebi sakmarisad miiCnia federaluri sa�mizezebi sakmarisad miiCnia federaluri sa� sakmarisad miiCnia federaluri sa�sakmarisad miiCnia federaluri sa� miiCnia federaluri sa�miiCnia federaluri sa� federaluri sa�federaluri sa� sa�sa�

konstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb kanonis 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf� sasamarTlos Sesaxeb kanonis 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf�sasamarTlos Sesaxeb kanonis 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf� Sesaxeb kanonis 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf�Sesaxeb kanonis 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf� kanonis 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf�kanonis 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf� 93�e muxlis 1�li paragraf�muxlis 1�li paragraf� 1�li paragraf�1�li paragraf� paragraf�paragraf�

is me�3 qvepunqtis moTxovnasTan SesabamisobisaTvis. aRniSnuli gadaw� me�3 qvepunqtis moTxovnasTan SesabamisobisaTvis. aRniSnuli gadaw�qvepunqtis moTxovnasTan SesabamisobisaTvis. aRniSnuli gadaw� moTxovnasTan SesabamisobisaTvis. aRniSnuli gadaw�moTxovnasTan SesabamisobisaTvis. aRniSnuli gadaw� aRniSnuli gadaw�aRniSnuli gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetileba gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareboda.

(2) qveynis Sida kanonmdebloba

1. kanoni federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb

muxli 23 §1

`saCivrebi saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb unda iqnes Setanili federalur

sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi werilobiTi formiT. isini unda iyos das� sasamarTloSi werilobiTi formiT. isini unda iyos das�sasamarTloSi werilobiTi formiT. isini unda iyos das� werilobiTi formiT. isini unda iyos das�werilobiTi formiT. isini unda iyos das� formiT. isini unda iyos das�formiT. isini unda iyos das� isini unda iyos das�isini unda iyos das� unda iyos das�unda iyos das� iyos das�iyos das� das�das�

abuTebuli; agreTve wardgenil unda iqnes saWiro mtkicebulebebi.“

muxli 92

`saCivris dasabuTebaSi miTiTebuli unda iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa� dasabuTebaSi miTiTebuli unda iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa�dasabuTebaSi miTiTebuli unda iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa� miTiTebuli unda iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa�miTiTebuli unda iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa� unda iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa�unda iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa� iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa�iqnes ufleba, romelic, sa� ufleba, romelic, sa�ufleba, romelic, sa� romelic, sa�romelic, sa� sa�sa�

varaudod, darRveulia da organos an uwyebis moqmedeba an umoqmedoba,

romelic saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT arRvevs mis uflebebs.“

muxli 93 a)

konstituciuri sarCeli unda gamomdinareobdes gadawyvetilebidan

2. konstituciuri sarCeli miRebul iqneba Tuki:

a) gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxs warmoadgens, an

b) Tuki igi aucilebelia konstituciiT garantirebuli ZiriTadi

uflebebis dasacavad. (...)

253


(3) federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos iurisprudencia samoqa� federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos iurisprudencia samoqa�federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos iurisprudencia samoqa� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos iurisprudencia samoqa�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos iurisprudencia samoqa� sasamarTlos iurisprudencia samoqa�sasamarTlos iurisprudencia samoqa� iurisprudencia samoqa�iurisprudencia samoqa� samoqa�samoqa�

laqo samarTlis saqmeebze

a) ZiriTadi principebi

federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos dadgenili precedentebis,

konstituciis me�2 muxlis §1�isa da samarTliani uflebis erTobliobiT

garantirebulia efeqtiani samarTlebrivi dacva. aRniSnuli principi

aseve iTvaliswinebs samarTlebrivi davis gonivrul vadaSi mogvarebas

(angemessene Zeit). vinaidan sxvadasxva saqme sxvadasxva xangrZlivobis

proceduras saWiroebs, ar arsebobs raime saxis erTiani kriteriumi,

romelic gansazRvravda, Tu ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule� gansazRvravda, Tu ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule�gansazRvravda, Tu ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule� Tu ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule�Tu ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule� ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule�ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule� mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule�mimarTulebiT moxdeba saqmis dasrule� moxdeba saqmis dasrule�moxdeba saqmis dasrule� saqmis dasrule�saqmis dasrule� dasrule�dasrule�

ba. aseT SemTxvevaSi saWiroa gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saqmis konkretuli

garemoebebi, mxareebi, saqmis sirTule. mosamarTlis movaleobaa saqmis

droulad ganxilva da dasruleba.37

b) SemTxveva, rodesac gadawyvetilebis gamotana moxda gonivruli

vadebis gadacilebiT

federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba,

rom saqmis ganxilvis procedura gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil� saqmis ganxilvis procedura gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil�saqmis ganxilvis procedura gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil� ganxilvis procedura gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil�ganxilvis procedura gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil� procedura gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil�procedura gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil� gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil�gaWianurebul iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil� iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil�iqna, igi ZiriTad nawil� igi ZiriTad nawil�igi ZiriTad nawil� ZiriTad nawil�ZiriTad nawil� nawil�nawil�

Si Semoifargleba imiT, rom adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou� Semoifargleba imiT, rom adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou�Semoifargleba imiT, rom adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou� imiT, rom adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou�imiT, rom adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou� rom adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou�rom adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou� adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou�adgens konstituciis darRvevas da mou� konstituciis darRvevas da mou�konstituciis darRvevas da mou� darRvevas da mou�darRvevas da mou� da mou�da mou� mou�mou�

wodebs saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos, daaCqaros an daasrulos igi.

amasTan, 1999 wlis 17 noembris gadawyvetilebaSi (#1 BvR 1708/99), rom�rom�

lis mixedviT, samoqalaqo dava mimdinareobda or mxares Soris 15 wlis

ganmavlobaSi, federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom daadgina:

`gamomdinare iqidan, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos jerac ar ga� iqidan, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos jerac ar ga�iqidan, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos jerac ar ga� rom saapelacio sasamarTlos jerac ar ga�rom saapelacio sasamarTlos jerac ar ga� saapelacio sasamarTlos jerac ar ga�saapelacio sasamarTlos jerac ar ga� sasamarTlos jerac ar ga�sasamarTlos jerac ar ga� jerac ar ga�jerac ar ga� ar ga�ar ga� ga�ga�

moutania gadawyvetileba, federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom

federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb kanonis 95�e muxlis

§ 1�is Sesabamisad yovelive es miiCnia arakonstituciurad. saapelacio

sasamarTlom, aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, unda gaataros

37 ix. amasTan dakavSirebiT, 1982 wlis 20 aprilis gadawyvetileba №2 BvL 26/81, federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebebis krebuli (Entscheidungs-sammlung), me�60 Tavi, gv. 253 (269), da 1993 wlis 23 martis gadawyvetileba №1 BvR 249/92, 88�e Tavi, gv. 118 (124).

254

salome Sulaia

saWiro efeqtiani RonisZiebebi, romlebic saSualebas miscemen, daaCqa� efeqtiani RonisZiebebi, romlebic saSualebas miscemen, daaCqa�efeqtiani RonisZiebebi, romlebic saSualebas miscemen, daaCqa� romlebic saSualebas miscemen, daaCqa�romlebic saSualebas miscemen, daaCqa� saSualebas miscemen, daaCqa�saSualebas miscemen, daaCqa� miscemen, daaCqa�miscemen, daaCqa� daaCqa�daaCqa�

ron an daasrulon saqmis ganxilvis procedura.“

analogiur msjelobas SevxvdebiT 2000 wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile� msjelobas SevxvdebiT 2000 wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile�msjelobas SevxvdebiT 2000 wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile� SevxvdebiT 2000 wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile�SevxvdebiT 2000 wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile� 2000 wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile�2000 wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile� wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile�wlis 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile� 20 ivlisis gadawyvetile�20 ivlisis gadawyvetile� ivlisis gadawyvetile�ivlisis gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

baSi (#1 BvR 352/00), romelic Semdgom gaxda ganacxadis safuZvelic

(Grässer c. Allemagne, №66491/01 2003 wlis 6 maisis nawilobrivi gadaw� wlis 6 maisis nawilobrivi gadaw�wlis 6 maisis nawilobrivi gadaw� 6 maisis nawilobrivi gadaw�6 maisis nawilobrivi gadaw� maisis nawilobrivi gadaw�maisis nawilobrivi gadaw� nawilobrivi gadaw�nawilobrivi gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetileba).

3.3.4. saqme vogenreiteri germaniis winaaRmdeg

saqmeSi _ vogenreiteri germaniis winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 8 ianvr� vogenreiteri germaniis winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 8 ianvr�germaniis winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 8 ianvr� winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 8 ianvr�winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 8 ianvr� 2004 wlis 8 ianvr�2004 wlis 8 ianvr� wlis 8 ianvr�wlis 8 ianvr� 8 ianvr�8 ianvr� ianvr�ianvr�

is gadawyvetileba (AFFAIRE VOGGENREITER c. Allemagne ganacxadi

#47169/99) _ ganmcxadebeli gaxldaT samgzavro tvirTebze tarifebis

makontrolebeli kompaniis mesakuTre da 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi 1994

wlis 1 ianvramde es kompania adgenda tvirTebze tarifebs.

1994 wlis 1 ianvars ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� wlis 1 ianvars ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta�wlis 1 ianvars ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� 1 ianvars ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta�1 ianvars ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� ianvars ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta�ianvars ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta�ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta�Sevida 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� 1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta�1993 wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta�wlis 23 agvistos kanoni ta� 23 agvistos kanoni ta�23 agvistos kanoni ta� agvistos kanoni ta�agvistos kanoni ta� kanoni ta�kanoni ta� ta�ta�

rifebis gauqmebis Taobaze. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa� gauqmebis Taobaze. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa�gauqmebis Taobaze. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa� Taobaze. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa�Taobaze. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa� Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa�Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa� ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa�ganmcxadebeli, romlis kompa� romlis kompa�romlis kompa� kompa�kompa�

niis movaleobaSic ukve aRar Sedioda tarifebis dadgena, iZulebuli

gaxda, daexura kompania da daeTxova misi 11 TanamSromeli.

1993 wlis 15 dekembers ganmcxadebelma federalur sakonstitucio

sasamarTloSi Seitana saCivari, romliTac iTxovda tarifebis gauqmebis

Taobaze kanonis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis dadgenas.

igi iTxovda, federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTlos aRniSnuli

kanoni antikonstituciurad gamoecxadebina, radgan igi mis konstitu� antikonstituciurad gamoecxadebina, radgan igi mis konstitu�antikonstituciurad gamoecxadebina, radgan igi mis konstitu� gamoecxadebina, radgan igi mis konstitu�gamoecxadebina, radgan igi mis konstitu� radgan igi mis konstitu�radgan igi mis konstitu� mis konstitu�mis konstitu�

ciiT garantirebul sakuTrebisa da profesiis damoukideblad arCevis

uflebebs arRvevda.

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, romelmac aRniSnuli saqmis ganxilvas

eqvsi weli, 11 Tve da 11 dRe moandoma, ar daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis

sarCeli, radgan tarifebis gauqmeba liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi� radgan tarifebis gauqmeba liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi�radgan tarifebis gauqmeba liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi� tarifebis gauqmeba liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi�tarifebis gauqmeba liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi� gauqmeba liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi�gauqmeba liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi� liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi�liberaluri sagadasaxado sistemi� sagadasaxado sistemi�sagadasaxado sistemi� sistemi�sistemi�

saken wingadadgmul nabijad miiCnia. man aseve ar daadgina ganmcxadeblis

sakuTrebis uflebis daRveva, konstituciis me�14 muxlis Sesabamisad.

ganmcxadebelma adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi waradgi� adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi waradgi�adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi waradgi� uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi waradgi�uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi waradgi� evropul sasamarTloSi waradgi�evropul sasamarTloSi waradgi� sasamarTloSi waradgi�sasamarTloSi waradgi� waradgi�waradgi�

na ganacxadi, romelSic uTiTebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle� ganacxadi, romelSic uTiTebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle�ganacxadi, romelSic uTiTebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle� romelSic uTiTebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle�romelSic uTiTebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle� uTiTebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle�uTiTebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle� rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle�rom mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle� mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle�mis mimarT dairRva rigi ufle� mimarT dairRva rigi ufle�mimarT dairRva rigi ufle� dairRva rigi ufle�dairRva rigi ufle� rigi ufle�rigi ufle� ufle�ufle�

bebisa, maT Soris evropuli konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu� maT Soris evropuli konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu�maT Soris evropuli konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu� Soris evropuli konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu�Soris evropuli konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu� evropuli konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu�evropuli konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu� konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu�konvenciis me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu� me�6 muxli, radgan sakonstitu�muxli, radgan sakonstitu� radgan sakonstitu�radgan sakonstitu� sakonstitu�sakonstitu�

cio sasamarTlom aragonivrul vadebSi ganixila misi sarCeli.

255


(1) kanoni federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb

1993 wlis 11 agvistos germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sa� wlis 11 agvistos germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sa�wlis 11 agvistos germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sa� 11 agvistos germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sa�11 agvistos germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sa� agvistos germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sa�agvistos germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sa� federaluri sakonstitucio sa�federaluri sakonstitucio sa� sakonstitucio sa�sakonstitucio sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos Sesaxeb kanonis (Gesetz über das Bundesverfassungsgericht) 31�e muxlis §1 adgens, rom federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebebi savaldebuloa federaciisa da miwis sakonstitucio

organoebisaTvis, agreTve yvela sasamarTlosa da uwyebisaTvis.

31�e muxlis §2 iTvaliswinebs, rom kanons manamde aqvs Zala, sanam

masze sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ar gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom� sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ar gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom�sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ar gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom� sasamarTlo ar gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom�sasamarTlo ar gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom� ar gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom�ar gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom� gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom�gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, rom� gadawyvetilebas, rom�gadawyvetilebas, rom� rom�rom�

lis mixedviTac igi gamocxaddeba antikonstituciurad.

32�e muxlis §1 adgens, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT�muxlis §1 adgens, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT� §1 adgens, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT�§1 adgens, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT�1 adgens, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT� adgens, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT�adgens, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT� rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT�rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT� federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT�federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

lom, davis SemTxvevebSi, droebiTi gankargulebebiT SeiZleba winaswar

moawesrigos dava, saerTo keTildReobis interesebidan gamomdinare.

(2) konstituciuri sarCelis wardginebis ZiriTadi debulebebi

meTxuTmete kari

§13�is me�8 (a) punqtSi miTiTebuli saqmeebis warmoeba (konstituci�13�is me�8 (a) punqtSi miTiTebuli saqmeebis warmoeba (konstituci�punqtSi miTiTebuli saqmeebis warmoeba (konstituci� miTiTebuli saqmeebis warmoeba (konstituci�miTiTebuli saqmeebis warmoeba (konstituci� saqmeebis warmoeba (konstituci�saqmeebis warmoeba (konstituci� warmoeba (konstituci�warmoeba (konstituci� (konstituci�(konstituci�

uri saCivrebi).

1. nebismier pirs, romelic amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo xelisufle� pirs, romelic amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo xelisufle�pirs, romelic amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo xelisufle� romelic amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo xelisufle�romelic amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo xelisufle� amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo xelisufle�amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo xelisufle� rom saxelmwifo xelisufle�rom saxelmwifo xelisufle� saxelmwifo xelisufle�saxelmwifo xelisufle� xelisufle�xelisufle�

bam daarRvia misi romelime ZiriTadi ufleba an ZiriTadi kanonis me�20

muxlis me�4 abzaciT, agreTve, 33�e, 38�e, 101�e da 104�e muxlebiT miniWe� me�4 abzaciT, agreTve, 33�e, 38�e, 101�e da 104�e muxlebiT miniWe�abzaciT, agreTve, 33�e, 38�e, 101�e da 104�e muxlebiT miniWe� agreTve, 33�e, 38�e, 101�e da 104�e muxlebiT miniWe�agreTve, 33�e, 38�e, 101�e da 104�e muxlebiT miniWe� 33�e, 38�e, 101�e da 104�e muxlebiT miniWe�da 104�e muxlebiT miniWe� 104�e muxlebiT miniWe�muxlebiT miniWe� miniWe�miniWe�

buli romelime ufleba, SeuZlia mimarTos federalur sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos.

2. Tu aseTi darRvevis winaaRmdeg, Cveulebrivi wesiT, dasaSvebia

samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi, maSin konstituciuri saCivari Sei� dacvis saSualebebi, maSin konstituciuri saCivari Sei�dacvis saSualebebi, maSin konstituciuri saCivari Sei� saSualebebi, maSin konstituciuri saCivari Sei�saSualebebi, maSin konstituciuri saCivari Sei� maSin konstituciuri saCivari Sei�maSin konstituciuri saCivari Sei� konstituciuri saCivari Sei�konstituciuri saCivari Sei� saCivari Sei�saCivari Sei� Sei�Sei�

Zleba Setanil iqnes mxolod mas Semdeg, rac isini amowurulia. Tumca

federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetile� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetile�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetile� sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetile�sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetile� SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetile�SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetile� miiRos gadawyvetile�miiRos gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

ba samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis amowurvamde Setanil konsti� samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis amowurvamde Setanil konsti�samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis amowurvamde Setanil konsti� dacvis saSualebebis amowurvamde Setanil konsti�dacvis saSualebebis amowurvamde Setanil konsti� saSualebebis amowurvamde Setanil konsti�saSualebebis amowurvamde Setanil konsti� amowurvamde Setanil konsti�amowurvamde Setanil konsti� Setanil konsti�Setanil konsti� konsti�konsti�

tuciur saCivrebze, Tu saCivars aqvs saerTo mniSvneloba, an saCivris

Semtan pirs SeiZleba miayenon mZime da gamousworebeli ziani, Tuki

is dadgeba aucileblobis winaSe _ Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT� dadgeba aucileblobis winaSe _ Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT�dadgeba aucileblobis winaSe _ Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT� aucileblobis winaSe _ Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT�aucileblobis winaSe _ Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT� winaSe _ Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT�winaSe _ Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT� Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT�Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos samarT� gamoiyenos samarT�gamoiyenos samarT� samarT�samarT�

lebrivi dacvis Cveulebrivi saSualebebi.

magram aucilebelia, saCivris dasabuTebaSi miTiTebul iqnes is

ufleba, romelic, savaraudod, darRveulia da organos an uwyebis

256

salome Sulaia

moqmedeba an umoqmedoba, romelic, saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar� an umoqmedoba, romelic, saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar�an umoqmedoba, romelic, saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar� umoqmedoba, romelic, saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar�umoqmedoba, romelic, saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar� romelic, saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar�romelic, saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar� saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar�saCivris Semtani mxaris azriT, ar� Semtani mxaris azriT, ar�Semtani mxaris azriT, ar� mxaris azriT, ar�mxaris azriT, ar� azriT, ar�azriT, ar� ar�ar�

Rvevs mis uflebebs.38

muxli 93 §3

Tu konstituciuri saCivari mimarTulia kanonis an saxelmwifo xe� konstituciuri saCivari mimarTulia kanonis an saxelmwifo xe�konstituciuri saCivari mimarTulia kanonis an saxelmwifo xe� saCivari mimarTulia kanonis an saxelmwifo xe�saCivari mimarTulia kanonis an saxelmwifo xe� mimarTulia kanonis an saxelmwifo xe�mimarTulia kanonis an saxelmwifo xe� kanonis an saxelmwifo xe�kanonis an saxelmwifo xe� an saxelmwifo xe�an saxelmwifo xe� saxelmwifo xe�saxelmwifo xe� xe�xe�

lisuflebis sxva aqtis winaaRmdeg, romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval� sxva aqtis winaaRmdeg, romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval�sxva aqtis winaaRmdeg, romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval� aqtis winaaRmdeg, romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval�aqtis winaaRmdeg, romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval� winaaRmdeg, romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval�winaaRmdeg, romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval� romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval�romlis mimarTac ar aris gaTval� mimarTac ar aris gaTval�mimarTac ar aris gaTval� ar aris gaTval�ar aris gaTval� aris gaTval�aris gaTval� gaTval�gaTval�

iswinebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis Cveulebrivi saSualebebi, maSin kon� samarTlebrivi dacvis Cveulebrivi saSualebebi, maSin kon�samarTlebrivi dacvis Cveulebrivi saSualebebi, maSin kon� dacvis Cveulebrivi saSualebebi, maSin kon�dacvis Cveulebrivi saSualebebi, maSin kon� Cveulebrivi saSualebebi, maSin kon�Cveulebrivi saSualebebi, maSin kon� saSualebebi, maSin kon�saSualebebi, maSin kon� maSin kon�maSin kon� kon�kon�

stituciuri saCivris Setana SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses� saCivris Setana SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses�saCivris Setana SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses� Setana SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses�Setana SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses� SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses�SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses� mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses�mxolod kanonis ZalaSi Ses� kanonis ZalaSi Ses�kanonis ZalaSi Ses� ZalaSi Ses�ZalaSi Ses� Ses�Ses�

vlis momentidan.

aRsaniSnavia, rom konstituciuri saCivris dakmayofilebisas

gadawyvetilebaSi mieTiTeba, ZiriTadi kanonis Tu romeli debuleba

dairRva da romelma moqmedebam an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar� da romelma moqmedebam an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar�da romelma moqmedebam an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar� romelma moqmedebam an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar�romelma moqmedebam an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar� moqmedebam an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar�moqmedebam an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar� an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar�an umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar� umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar�umoqmedobam ganapiroba es dar� ganapiroba es dar�ganapiroba es dar� es dar�es dar� dar�dar�

Rveva. federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia, amavdrou� federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia, amavdrou�federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia, amavdrou� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia, amavdrou�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia, amavdrou� sasamarTlos SeuZlia, amavdrou�sasamarTlos SeuZlia, amavdrou� SeuZlia, amavdrou�SeuZlia, amavdrou� amavdrou�amavdrou�

lad, daadginos, rom gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo� daadginos, rom gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo�daadginos, rom gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo� rom gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo�rom gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo� gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo�gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo� moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo�moqmedebis nebismieri ganmeo� nebismieri ganmeo�nebismieri ganmeo� ganmeo�ganmeo�

rebiTi ganxorcieleba iqneba ZiriTadi kanonis darRveva. amasTan,

romelime gadawyvetilebaze konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� gadawyvetilebaze konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo�gadawyvetilebaze konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo�konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� saCivris dakmayo�saCivris dakmayo� dakmayo�dakmayo�

filebisas federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo auqmebs aRniS� federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo auqmebs aRniS�federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo auqmebs aRniS� sakonstitucio sasamarTlo auqmebs aRniS�sakonstitucio sasamarTlo auqmebs aRniS� sasamarTlo auqmebs aRniS�sasamarTlo auqmebs aRniS� auqmebs aRniS�auqmebs aRniS� aRniS�aRniS�

nul gadawyvetilebas da saqmes ubrunebs kompetentur sasamarTlos

ganmeorebiTi ganxilvisaTvis. romelime kanonze konstituciuri

saCivris dakmayofilebisas aRniSnuli kanoni gamocxadebul unda

iqnes Zaladakargulad. es wesi, agreTve, moqmedebs im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu me�2 abzacis Sesabamisad xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� me�2 abzacis Sesabamisad xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo�me�2 abzacis Sesabamisad xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� abzacis Sesabamisad xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo�abzacis Sesabamisad xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� Sesabamisad xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo�Sesabamisad xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo�xdeba konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo�konstituciuri saCivris dakmayo� saCivris dakmayo�saCivris dakmayo� dakmayo�dakmayo�

fileba imis gamo, rom gauqmebuli gadawyvetileba dafuZnebulia

arakonstituciur kanonze.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom dasaSvebad miiCnia

aRniSnuli ganacxadi. Tavis samTavrobo mimoxilvaSi germaniis mTavroba

amtkicebda, rom saxelmwifos samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba SeuZlebeli

iyo, rom federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom gonivrul vadebSi

moaxdina saqmis ganxilva, radgan mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade� saqmis ganxilva, radgan mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade�saqmis ganxilva, radgan mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade� ganxilva, radgan mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade�ganxilva, radgan mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade� radgan mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade�radgan mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade� mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade�mis mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade� mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade�mier ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade� ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade�ramdenjerme iyo ganmcxade� iyo ganmcxade�iyo ganmcxade� ganmcxade�ganmcxade�

beli informirebuli sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobis Taobaze, amasTan,

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos garda, vercerTi erovnuli sasamarTlo

ver imsjelebda sadavo sakiTxze kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se� imsjelebda sadavo sakiTxze kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se�imsjelebda sadavo sakiTxze kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se� sadavo sakiTxze kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se�sadavo sakiTxze kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se� sakiTxze kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se�sakiTxze kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se� kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se�kompetenciidan gamomdinare da, Se� gamomdinare da, Se�gamomdinare da, Se� da, Se�da, Se� Se�Se�

sabamisad, federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo saWiroebda dros,

38 92�e muxli.

257


raTa srulyofilad Seeswavla aRniSnuli sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab� srulyofilad Seeswavla aRniSnuli sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab�srulyofilad Seeswavla aRniSnuli sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab� Seeswavla aRniSnuli sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab�Seeswavla aRniSnuli sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab� aRniSnuli sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab�aRniSnuli sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab� sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab�sakiTxi da gamoetana dasab� da gamoetana dasab�da gamoetana dasab� gamoetana dasab�gamoetana dasab� dasab�dasab�

uTebuli gadawyvetileba.

Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi evropulma sasamarTlom erTxmad miiCnia,

rom ganmcxadeblis mimarT dairRva evropuli konvenciis me�6 mux� ganmcxadeblis mimarT dairRva evropuli konvenciis me�6 mux�ganmcxadeblis mimarT dairRva evropuli konvenciis me�6 mux� mimarT dairRva evropuli konvenciis me�6 mux�mimarT dairRva evropuli konvenciis me�6 mux� evropuli konvenciis me�6 mux�evropuli konvenciis me�6 mux� konvenciis me�6 mux�konvenciis me�6 mux� me�6 mux�mux�

li. kerZod, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilva moxda

aragonivrul vadebSi da, miuxedavad imisa, rom federalurma sakon� vadebSi da, miuxedavad imisa, rom federalurma sakon�vadebSi da, miuxedavad imisa, rom federalurma sakon� da, miuxedavad imisa, rom federalurma sakon�da, miuxedavad imisa, rom federalurma sakon� miuxedavad imisa, rom federalurma sakon�miuxedavad imisa, rom federalurma sakon� imisa, rom federalurma sakon�imisa, rom federalurma sakon� rom federalurma sakon�rom federalurma sakon� federalurma sakon�federalurma sakon� sakon�sakon�

stitucio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi msjelobisas sarCeli

arc usafuZvlod da arc dausabuTeblad ar miiCnia, man mainc ar

daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis moTxovna da CaTvala, rom mis mimarT

ar momxdara sakuTrebis uflebisa da profesiis Tavisufali arCevis

uflebis xelyofa.

3.4. CexeTis respublika

CexeTis respublikaSi sasamarTlos sistemas qmnian: uzenaesi sa� respublikaSi sasamarTlos sistemas qmnian: uzenaesi sa�respublikaSi sasamarTlos sistemas qmnian: uzenaesi sa� sasamarTlos sistemas qmnian: uzenaesi sa�sasamarTlos sistemas qmnian: uzenaesi sa� sistemas qmnian: uzenaesi sa�sistemas qmnian: uzenaesi sa� qmnian: uzenaesi sa�qmnian: uzenaesi sa� uzenaesi sa�uzenaesi sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo, uzenaesi administraciuli sasamarTlo, umaRlesi, saolqo

da raionuli sasamarTloebi.39 sakonstitucio sasamarTlo aris kon�sakonstitucio sasamarTlo aris kon� sasamarTlo aris kon�sasamarTlo aris kon� aris kon�aris kon� kon�kon�

stituciurobis dacvis sasamarTlo organo.40

CexeTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebs iRebs:41 (...)

d) konstituciiT garantirebuli ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisu�konstituciiT garantirebuli ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisu� garantirebuli ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisu�garantirebuli ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisu� ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisu�ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisu� uflebebisa da Tavisu�uflebebisa da Tavisu� da Tavisu�da Tavisu� Tavisu�

flebebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT konstituciur sarCelze, saxelm�darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT konstituciur sarCelze, saxelm� dakavSirebiT konstituciur sarCelze, saxelm�dakavSirebiT konstituciur sarCelze, saxelm� konstituciur sarCelze, saxelm�konstituciur sarCelze, saxelm� sarCelze, saxelm�sarCelze, saxelm� saxelm�saxelm�

wifo xelisuflebis organoTa gadawyvetilebebsa da sxva moqmedebebis

Taobaze.42 (...)

3.4.1. saqme hartmani CexeTis winaaRmdeg

saqmis _ hartmani CexeTis winaaRmdeg, 2003 wlis 10 ivlisis gadaw�2003 wlis 10 ivlisis gadaw� wlis 10 ivlisis gadaw�wlis 10 ivlisis gadaw� 10 ivlisis gadaw�10 ivlisis gadaw� ivlisis gadaw�ivlisis gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetileba43 _ mixedviT, 1948 wlis 31 dekembers ganmcxadeblebma dato� wlis 31 dekembers ganmcxadeblebma dato�wlis 31 dekembers ganmcxadeblebma dato� 31 dekembers ganmcxadeblebma dato�31 dekembers ganmcxadeblebma dato� dekembers ganmcxadeblebma dato�dekembers ganmcxadeblebma dato� ganmcxadeblebma dato�ganmcxadeblebma dato� dato�dato�

ves Zveli Cexoslovakia: 1954 wlidan pirveli ganmcxadebeli safrangeTSi

39 91�e muxli.40 83�e muxli.41 87�e muxli.42 `kanoniT dgindeba, Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris uflebamosili, Seitanos wina�`kanoniT dgindeba, Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris uflebamosili, Seitanos wina�

dadeba saqmis warmoebis aRZvris Sesaxeb” (...).43 AFFAIRE HARTMAN c. RÉPUBLIQUE TCHÈQUE ganacxadi #53341/99.

258

salome Sulaia

dasaxlda, sadac man 1968 wels naturalizaciiT miiRo moqalaqeoba da,

amasTan, SeinarCuna Cexoslovakiis moqalaqeoba; meore ganmcxadebeli

1949 wels amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi dasaxlda. 1958 wlis 2 aprils

man amerikis moqalaqeoba miiRo da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or� amerikis moqalaqeoba miiRo da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or�amerikis moqalaqeoba miiRo da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or� moqalaqeoba miiRo da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or�moqalaqeoba miiRo da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or� miiRo da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or�miiRo da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or� da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or�da naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or� naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or�naturalizaciis Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or� Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or�Sesaxeb 1928 wlis or� 1928 wlis or�1928 wlis or� wlis or�wlis or� or�or�

mxrivi xelSekrulebiT avtomaturad dakarga Cexoslovakiis moqalaqeoba.

1999 wlis 9 noembers man xelmeored daibruna CexeTis moqalaqeoba.

ganmcxadebelTa emigrirebis Semdeg mTeli maTi uZravi qoneba, amas� emigrirebis Semdeg mTeli maTi uZravi qoneba, amas�Semdeg mTeli maTi uZravi qoneba, amas� mTeli maTi uZravi qoneba, amas�mTeli maTi uZravi qoneba, amas� maTi uZravi qoneba, amas�maTi uZravi qoneba, amas� uZravi qoneba, amas�uZravi qoneba, amas� qoneba, amas�qoneba, amas� amas�amas�

Tan: praRis maxloblad mdebare oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde� praRis maxloblad mdebare oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde�praRis maxloblad mdebare oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde� maxloblad mdebare oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde�maxloblad mdebare oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde� mdebare oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde�mdebare oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde� oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde�oTxi bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde� bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde�bina, erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde� erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde�erTi agaraki, zelizSi mde� agaraki, zelizSi mde�agaraki, zelizSi mde� zelizSi mde�mde�

bare miwebi, aseve moZravi qoneba, momReral ema destinovas im droisaT�im droisaT� droisaT�droisaT�

vis 1200 livrad Sefasebuli cnobili biblioTeka, CamorTmeul iqna da

gadaeca komunistebis adgilobriv xelisuflebas. 1955 wels klatovis

adgilobrivma sasamarTlom aRniSnuli qonebis konfiskaciis Taobaze

miiRo gadawyvetileba.

1989 wels, reJimis Secvlis Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima� wels, reJimis Secvlis Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima�wels, reJimis Secvlis Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima� reJimis Secvlis Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima�reJimis Secvlis Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima� Secvlis Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima�Secvlis Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima� Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima�Semdeg, ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima� ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima�ganmcxadeblebma daiwyes mima� daiwyes mima�daiwyes mima� mima�

rTvebi, raTa daebrunebinaT TavianTi qoneba.

ganmcxadebelTa arcerTi moTxovna erovnuli sasamarTloebis winaSe

ar iqna dakmayofilebuli.

(1) kanoni sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb #182/1993

muxli 82�3 adgens, rom Tu konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu� 82�3 adgens, rom Tu konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu�adgens, rom Tu konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu� rom Tu konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu�rom Tu konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu� Tu konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu�Tu konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu� konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu�konstituciuri sarCeli dakmayofilebu� sarCeli dakmayofilebu�sarCeli dakmayofilebu� dakmayofilebu�dakmayofilebu�

lia, maSin sakonstitucio sasamarTlo a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu� maSin sakonstitucio sasamarTlo a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu�maSin sakonstitucio sasamarTlo a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu� sakonstitucio sasamarTlo a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu�sakonstitucio sasamarTlo a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu� sasamarTlo a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu�sasamarTlo a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu� a) auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu�auqmebs saxelmwifo xelisu� saxelmwifo xelisu�saxelmwifo xelisu� xelisu�xelisu�

flebis organos mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebas, an b) Tu miRebuli

gadawyvetilebis saxiT Careva iwvevs konstituciiT garantirebuli

uflebis darRvevas, igi miuTiTebs Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS� darRvevas, igi miuTiTebs Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS�darRvevas, igi miuTiTebs Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS� igi miuTiTebs Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS�igi miuTiTebs Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS� miuTiTebs Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS�miuTiTebs Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS� Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS�Sesabamis organos, gamoiZios aRniS� organos, gamoiZios aRniS�organos, gamoiZios aRniS� gamoiZios aRniS�gamoiZios aRniS� aRniS�aRniS�

nuli uflebis darRveva da, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin� uflebis darRveva da, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin�uflebis darRveva da, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin� darRveva da, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin�darRveva da, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin� da, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin�da, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin� Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin�Tuki es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin� es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin�es SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin� SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin�SesaZlebelia, brZanos misi adrin� brZanos misi adrin�brZanos misi adrin� misi adrin�misi adrin� adrin�adrin�

deli status quo-s aRdgena.

(2) CexeTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos praqtika saqmis ganxilvisas

gonivruli vadis gadacilebasTan dakavSirebiT

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos praqtikidan aRsaniSnavia, rom sakonsti� sasamarTlos praqtikidan aRsaniSnavia, rom sakonsti�sasamarTlos praqtikidan aRsaniSnavia, rom sakonsti� praqtikidan aRsaniSnavia, rom sakonsti�praqtikidan aRsaniSnavia, rom sakonsti� aRsaniSnavia, rom sakonsti�aRsaniSnavia, rom sakonsti� rom sakonsti�rom sakonsti� sakonsti�sakonsti�

tucio sarCeli gonivruli vadis gadacilebasTan dakavSirebiT mxolod

maSin cxaddeba dasaSvebad, Tuki am ukanasknels yvela erovnul doneze

arsebuli instancia aqvs amowuruli. im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu dadgindeba

259


ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis qartiiT gaTvaliswinebuli 38�2

muxlis darRveva, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ubrZanos sa� darRveva, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ubrZanos sa�darRveva, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ubrZanos sa� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ubrZanos sa�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ubrZanos sa� sasamarTlos SeuZlia ubrZanos sa�sasamarTlos SeuZlia ubrZanos sa� SeuZlia ubrZanos sa�SeuZlia ubrZanos sa� ubrZanos sa�ubrZanos sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos, bolo mouRos saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas da daasrulos igi

yovelgvari vadis gareSe, Tumca nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi� vadis gareSe, Tumca nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi�vadis gareSe, Tumca nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi� gareSe, Tumca nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi�gareSe, Tumca nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi� Tumca nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi�Tumca nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi� nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi�nebismier SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi� SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi�SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblebi� ganmcxadeblebi�ganmcxadeblebi�

sTvis es yovelgvari kompensaciis gareSe mTavrdeba. swored aRniSnul

gadawyvetilebebs eyrdnoboda CexeTis mTavroba Tavis mimoxilvaSi ev� eyrdnoboda CexeTis mTavroba Tavis mimoxilvaSi ev�eyrdnoboda CexeTis mTavroba Tavis mimoxilvaSi ev� CexeTis mTavroba Tavis mimoxilvaSi ev�mTavroba Tavis mimoxilvaSi ev� Tavis mimoxilvaSi ev�Tavis mimoxilvaSi ev� mimoxilvaSi ev�mimoxilvaSi ev� ev�ev�

ropul sasamarTloSi wardgenil ganacxadze.44

Tavis msjelobaSi evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom CexeTis

kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebda sanqcias gadawyvetilebis aRusrule� ar iTvaliswinebda sanqcias gadawyvetilebis aRusrule�ar iTvaliswinebda sanqcias gadawyvetilebis aRusrule� iTvaliswinebda sanqcias gadawyvetilebis aRusrule�iTvaliswinebda sanqcias gadawyvetilebis aRusrule� sanqcias gadawyvetilebis aRusrule�sanqcias gadawyvetilebis aRusrule� gadawyvetilebis aRusrule�gadawyvetilebis aRusrule� aRusrule�

blobis SemTxvevaSi. gansxvavebiT SvedeTis federaluri sasamarTlos45

an espaneTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlosagan,46 CexeTis umaRles sa�umaRles sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre� ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre�ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre� gaaCnia Sesabamisi kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre�gaaCnia Sesabamisi kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre� Sesabamisi kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre�Sesabamisi kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre� kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre�kompetencia, raTa gaataros konkre� raTa gaataros konkre�raTa gaataros konkre� gaataros konkre�gaataros konkre� konkre�konkre�

tuli RonisZiebebi davis proceduris dasaCqareblad.

sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom CexeTSi, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia, da� miiCnevs, rom CexeTSi, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia, da�miiCnevs, rom CexeTSi, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia, da� rom CexeTSi, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia, da�rom CexeTSi, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia, da� CexeTSi, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia, da�faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia, da� SeuZlebelia, da�SeuZlebelia, da� da�da�

kmayofildes piris sarCeli saqmis ganxilvis proceduris gonivruli

vadis gadacilebasTan dakavSirebiT.47

sabolood evropulma sasamarTlom gadawyvetileba ganmcxadeblebis

sasargeblod miiRo da darRveva daadgina.

(3) CexeTis 1992 wlis 16 dekembris konstitucia

sakonstitucio sasamarTlo48

muxli 83

sakonstitucio sasamarTlo aris konstituciurobis dacvis sa� sasamarTlo aris konstituciurobis dacvis sa�sasamarTlo aris konstituciurobis dacvis sa� aris konstituciurobis dacvis sa�aris konstituciurobis dacvis sa� konstituciurobis dacvis sa�konstituciurobis dacvis sa� dacvis sa�dacvis sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo organo.

44 Kuchar et Stis c. Republique tcheque; ganacxadi #37527/97, 2000 wlis 23 maisis gadawyvetileba (ar gamoqveynebula); aRniSnul saqmeze CexeTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi: 1997 wlis 29 maisis gadawyvetileba #��. US 230/96; 1997 wlis 10 ivlisis gadawyvetileba #��. US 70/97; 1997 wlis 4 dekembris gadawyvetileba #��. US 218/97; 1998 wlis 17 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba #P1. US 6/98; 2000 wlis 4 aprilis gadawyvetileba #��. US 342/99; 2001 wlis 22 ianvris gadawyvetileba #�V. US 599/2000; 2001 wlis 12 noembris gadawyvetileba #�V. US 379/01; 2002 wlis 19 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba #�. US 663/01.

45 ix. Boxer Asbestos S.A. C. Suisse #20874/92, 2000 wlis 9 marti (ar gamoqveynebula).46 ix. Gonzalez Marin c. Espagne #39521/98, CEDH 1999-VII.47 ix. mutatis mutandis, Horvat c. Croatie, §48.48 me�4 Tavi, sasamarTlo xelisufleba.

260

salome Sulaia

muxli 88

1. kanoniT dgindeba, Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� kanoniT dgindeba, Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle�kanoniT dgindeba, Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� dgindeba, Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle�dgindeba, Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle�Tu vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle�vin da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle�da ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle�ra pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle�pirobebis arsebobisas aris ufle� arsebobisas aris ufle�arsebobisas aris ufle� aris ufle�aris ufle� ufle�ufle�

bamosili, Seitanos winadadeba saqmis warmoebis aRZvris Sesaxeb, agreTve

sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebis aRZvrasTan dakavSire� sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebis aRZvrasTan dakavSire�sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebis aRZvrasTan dakavSire� saqmis warmoebis aRZvrasTan dakavSire�saqmis warmoebis aRZvrasTan dakavSire� warmoebis aRZvrasTan dakavSire�warmoebis aRZvrasTan dakavSire� aRZvrasTan dakavSire�aRZvrasTan dakavSire� dakavSire�dakavSire�

buli sxva wesebi.

3. kanoniT SeiZleba dadgindes, rom gadawyvetilebas sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos nacvlad iRebs umaRlesi administraciuli sasamarTlo;

a) sasamarTlo aqtebis an maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao� sasamarTlo aqtebis an maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao�sasamarTlo aqtebis an maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao� aqtebis an maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao�aqtebis an maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao� an maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao�an maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao� maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao�maTi calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao� calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao�calkeuli debulebebis gauqmebis Tao� debulebebis gauqmebis Tao�debulebebis gauqmebis Tao� gauqmebis Tao�gauqmebis Tao� Tao�Tao�

baze, Tu isini ewinaaRmdegebian kanons;

muxli 89

2. aRsrulebas daqvemdebarebuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� aRsrulebas daqvemdebarebuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw�aRsrulebas daqvemdebarebuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� daqvemdebarebuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw�daqvemdebarebuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� sasamarTlos gadaw�sasamarTlos gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetileba savaldebuloa yvela organosa da pirisaTvis.

CexeTis SemTxveva Zalze sainteresoa da, albaT, ufro metad efeq�SemTxveva Zalze sainteresoa da, albaT, ufro metad efeq� Zalze sainteresoa da, albaT, ufro metad efeq�Zalze sainteresoa da, albaT, ufro metad efeq� sainteresoa da, albaT, ufro metad efeq�sainteresoa da, albaT, ufro metad efeq� da, albaT, ufro metad efeq�da, albaT, ufro metad efeq� albaT, ufro metad efeq�albaT, ufro metad efeq� ufro metad efeq�ufro metad efeq� metad efeq�metad efeq� efeq�efeq�

tiani iqneboda, Tuki gadawyvetilebis aRusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi igi

garkveul kompensaciasac gaiTvaliswinebda.

3.5. ungreTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlo

ungreTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas miekuT� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas miekuT�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas miekuT� sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas miekuT�sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas miekuT� uflebamosilebas miekuT�uflebamosilebas miekuT� miekuT�miekuT�

vneba:

(...) 4. konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon� 4. konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon�4. konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon� konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon�konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon� uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon�uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon� darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon�darRvevis Taobaze wardgenili kon� Taobaze wardgenili kon�Taobaze wardgenili kon� wardgenili kon�wardgenili kon� kon�kon�

stituciuri sarCelebis ganxilva;

me�4 punqtSi gansazRvruli konstituciuri sarCelebi sasamarT�punqtSi gansazRvruli konstituciuri sarCelebi sasamarT� gansazRvruli konstituciuri sarCelebi sasamarT�gansazRvruli konstituciuri sarCelebi sasamarT� konstituciuri sarCelebi sasamarT�konstituciuri sarCelebi sasamarT� sarCelebi sasamarT�sarCelebi sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

los iSviaTad waredgineba, radgan jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa� iSviaTad waredgineba, radgan jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa�iSviaTad waredgineba, radgan jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa� waredgineba, radgan jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa�waredgineba, radgan jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa� radgan jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa�radgan jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa� jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa�jer yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa� yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa�yvela sxva samarTlebrivi sa� sxva samarTlebrivi sa�sxva samarTlebrivi sa� samarTlebrivi sa�samarTlebrivi sa� sa�sa�

Sualeba unda amoiwuros49 da amis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia im�da amis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia im� amis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia im�amis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia im� Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia im�Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia im� sasamarTlos SeuZlia im�sasamarTlos SeuZlia im� SeuZlia im�SeuZlia im� im�im�

sjelos mxolod konkretuli samarTlebrivi normis konstituciu� mxolod konkretuli samarTlebrivi normis konstituciu�mxolod konkretuli samarTlebrivi normis konstituciu� konkretuli samarTlebrivi normis konstituciu�konkretuli samarTlebrivi normis konstituciu� samarTlebrivi normis konstituciu�samarTlebrivi normis konstituciu� normis konstituciu�normis konstituciu� konstituciu�

robaze.

49 1994 wlis monacemebiT, konstituciuri sarCelebi Seadgenda saCivrebis 1 procentze naklebs.

261


ungreTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlo50 ganixilavs konstituciiT ga�ganixilavs konstituciiT ga� konstituciiT ga�konstituciiT ga� ga�ga�

rantirebul uflebaTa darRvevis Sesaxeb konstituciursamarTlebriv

sakiTxebs.

ganyofileba IV

sakonstitucio sasamarTlo

§32/A (1) sakonstitucio sasamarTlo amowmebs samarTlebrivi

normebis konstituciurobas da wyvets kanonebiT mis kompetencias mi� konstituciurobas da wyvets kanonebiT mis kompetencias mi�da wyvets kanonebiT mis kompetencias mi� wyvets kanonebiT mis kompetencias mi�wyvets kanonebiT mis kompetencias mi� kanonebiT mis kompetencias mi�kanonebiT mis kompetencias mi� mis kompetencias mi�mis kompetencias mi� kompetencias mi�kompetencias mi� mi�mi�

kuTvnebul sakiTxebs.

(2) arakonstituciurobis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi sakonstitucio sa� arakonstituciurobis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi sakonstitucio sa�arakonstituciurobis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi sakonstitucio sa� dadgenis SemTxvevaSi sakonstitucio sa�dadgenis SemTxvevaSi sakonstitucio sa� SemTxvevaSi sakonstitucio sa�SemTxvevaSi sakonstitucio sa� sakonstitucio sa�sakonstitucio sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo auqmebs kanonebsa da sxva samarTlebriv normebs.

(3) sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad� sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad�sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad� sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad�sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad� saqmis aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad�saqmis aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad� aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad�aRZvris ufleba kanoniT dad� ufleba kanoniT dad�ufleba kanoniT dad� kanoniT dad�kanoniT dad� dad�dad�

genil SemTxvevebSi aqvs nebismier pirs.

3.5.1. saqme veni ungreTis winaaRmdeg

saqmis _ veni ungreTis winaaRmdeg, 1993 wlis 30 ivnisis gadawyvetile� 1993 wlis 30 ivnisis gadawyvetile�1993 wlis 30 ivnisis gadawyvetile� wlis 30 ivnisis gadawyvetile�wlis 30 ivnisis gadawyvetile� 30 ivnisis gadawyvetile�30 ivnisis gadawyvetile� ivnisis gadawyvetile�ivnisis gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

ba51 _ mixedviT, ganmcxadebeli Cioda samarTliani da sajaro mosmenis

naklebobaze, roca amtkicebda, rom mas ar hqonda ufleba, Sedaveboda

ministris disciplinur gadawyvetilebas da, rom aseve arsebobda mi� disciplinur gadawyvetilebas da, rom aseve arsebobda mi�disciplinur gadawyvetilebas da, rom aseve arsebobda mi� gadawyvetilebas da, rom aseve arsebobda mi�gadawyvetilebas da, rom aseve arsebobda mi� da, rom aseve arsebobda mi�da, rom aseve arsebobda mi� rom aseve arsebobda mi�rom aseve arsebobda mi� aseve arsebobda mi�aseve arsebobda mi� arsebobda mi�arsebobda mi� mi�mi�

ukerZoebeli sasamarTloebis saWiroeba, konvenciis me�6 muxlis Sesabam� sasamarTloebis saWiroeba, konvenciis me�6 muxlis Sesabam�sasamarTloebis saWiroeba, konvenciis me�6 muxlis Sesabam� saWiroeba, konvenciis me�6 muxlis Sesabam�saWiroeba, konvenciis me�6 muxlis Sesabam� konvenciis me�6 muxlis Sesabam�konvenciis me�6 muxlis Sesabam� me�6 muxlis Sesabam�muxlis Sesabam� Sesabam�Sesabam�

isad. aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad, igi aseve pretenziebs gamoTqvamda

saqmis sasamarTlo wesiT ganxilvis dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin� sasamarTlo wesiT ganxilvis dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin�sasamarTlo wesiT ganxilvis dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin� wesiT ganxilvis dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin�wesiT ganxilvis dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin� ganxilvis dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin�ganxilvis dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin� dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin�dros mxareTa Tanasworobis prin� mxareTa Tanasworobis prin�mxareTa Tanasworobis prin� Tanasworobis prin�Tanasworobis prin� prin�prin�

cipis darRvevaze. amasTan, konvenciis me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade� darRvevaze. amasTan, konvenciis me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade�darRvevaze. amasTan, konvenciis me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade� amasTan, konvenciis me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade�amasTan, konvenciis me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade� konvenciis me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade�konvenciis me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade� me�14 muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade�muxlis Tanaxmad, ganmcxade� Tanaxmad, ganmcxade�Tanaxmad, ganmcxade� ganmcxade�ganmcxade�

beli aRniSnavda, rom moxda misi, rogorc samoqalaqo mosamsaxurisa da

mexanZris, diskriminacia.

qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

SeuZlia akontrolos, Seesabameba Tu ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti� akontrolos, Seesabameba Tu ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti�akontrolos, Seesabameba Tu ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti� Seesabameba Tu ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti�Seesabameba Tu ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti� Tu ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti�Tu ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti� ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti�ara kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti� kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti�kanonmdebloba ungreTis konsti� ungreTis konsti�ungreTis konsti� konsti�konsti�

tuciis moTxovnebs. amgvari kanonebis sayovelTao konstituciurobasTan

50 igi dafuZnda 1989 wels, manamade ungreTis konstituciaSi CarTul iqna sakonstitucio�samarTlebrivi sabWo _ arakonstituciuri normebis gadaxedvis moTxovnis uflebiT da sabWoSi nebismieri moqalaqis sasarCelo mimarTvis ganxilviT, magram rogorc ungreli konstitucionalistebi aRiareben, am sabWos amocana sakonstitucio zedamxedvelobis imi�tacia ufro iyo, vidre misi realuri ganxorcieleba.

51 Jуzsef VAN v. Hungary, ganacxadi (#21495/93).

262

salome Sulaia

Sedaveba savsebiT SesaZlebelia fizikuri pirebis mxridan, magram sakon� savsebiT SesaZlebelia fizikuri pirebis mxridan, magram sakon�savsebiT SesaZlebelia fizikuri pirebis mxridan, magram sakon� SesaZlebelia fizikuri pirebis mxridan, magram sakon�SesaZlebelia fizikuri pirebis mxridan, magram sakon� fizikuri pirebis mxridan, magram sakon�fizikuri pirebis mxridan, magram sakon� pirebis mxridan, magram sakon�pirebis mxridan, magram sakon� mxridan, magram sakon�mxridan, magram sakon� magram sakon�magram sakon� sakon�sakon�

stitucio sasamarTlo SesaZloa ar Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm� sasamarTlo SesaZloa ar Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm�sasamarTlo SesaZloa ar Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm� SesaZloa ar Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm�SesaZloa ar Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm� ar Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm�ar Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm� Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm�Caerios fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm� fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm�fizikuri piris davaSi saxelm� piris davaSi saxelm�piris davaSi saxelm� davaSi saxelm�davaSi saxelm� saxelm�saxelm�

wifosTan konkretul SemTxvevaSi kanonebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.

am mxriv komisia aRniSnavs, rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax� mxriv komisia aRniSnavs, rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax�mxriv komisia aRniSnavs, rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax� komisia aRniSnavs, rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax�komisia aRniSnavs, rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax� aRniSnavs, rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax�aRniSnavs, rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax� rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax�rom, ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax� ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax�ungreTis kanonmdeblobis Tanax� kanonmdeblobis Tanax�kanonmdeblobis Tanax� Tanax�Tanax�

mad, sakonstitucio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia, akontrolos mxolod

kanonebis sayovelTao konstituciuroba da ar SeuZlia moaxdinos sax� sayovelTao konstituciuroba da ar SeuZlia moaxdinos sax�sayovelTao konstituciuroba da ar SeuZlia moaxdinos sax� konstituciuroba da ar SeuZlia moaxdinos sax�da ar SeuZlia moaxdinos sax� ar SeuZlia moaxdinos sax�ar SeuZlia moaxdinos sax� SeuZlia moaxdinos sax�SeuZlia moaxdinos sax� moaxdinos sax�moaxdinos sax� sax�sax�

elmwifo moxeleebis mier fizikuri piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre� moxeleebis mier fizikuri piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre�moxeleebis mier fizikuri piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre� mier fizikuri piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre�mier fizikuri piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre� fizikuri piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre�fizikuri piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre� piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre�piris winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre� winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre�winaaRmdeg miRebuli konkre� miRebuli konkre�miRebuli konkre� konkre�konkre�

tuli zomebis anulireba an modificireba.

winamdebare SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisad, sakonstitucio sasamarT� SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisad, sakonstitucio sasamarT�SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisad, sakonstitucio sasamarT� Sesabamisad, sakonstitucio sasamarT�Sesabamisad, sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�

los hqonda imis iurisdiqcia, Teoriulad, rom arakonstituciurad

gamoecxadebina da gaeuqmebina kidec disciplinuri wesebi, romelnic

aregulirebdnen mexanZris profesias. Tumca mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq� mexanZris profesias. Tumca mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq�mexanZris profesias. Tumca mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq� profesias. Tumca mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq�profesias. Tumca mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq� Tumca mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq�Tumca mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq� mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq�mas ar gaaCnda iurisdiq� ar gaaCnda iurisdiq�ar gaaCnda iurisdiq� gaaCnda iurisdiq�gaaCnda iurisdiq� iurisdiq�iurisdiq�

cia, gaeuqmebina Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade� gaeuqmebina Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade�gaeuqmebina Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade� Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade�Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade� saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade�saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade� ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade�ministris gadawyvetileba ganmcxade� gadawyvetileba ganmcxade�gadawyvetileba ganmcxade� ganmcxade�ganmcxade�

blis pensiaze savaldebulo gaSvebasTan dakavSirebiT. Sesabamisad,

ganmcxadeblis mimarTva am sasamarTlosadmi SeuZlebelia CaiTvalos

dacvis efeqtian saSualebad saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod

aRiarebuli normebis mixedviT, konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses� normebis mixedviT, konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses�normebis mixedviT, konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses� mixedviT, konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses�mixedviT, konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses� konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses�konvenciis 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses� 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses�muxlis Tanaxmad. Ses� Tanaxmad. Ses�Tanaxmad. Ses� Ses�Ses�

abamisad, saboloo efeqtiani ganaCeni am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe� saboloo efeqtiani ganaCeni am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe�saboloo efeqtiani ganaCeni am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe� efeqtiani ganaCeni am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe�efeqtiani ganaCeni am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe� ganaCeni am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe�ganaCeni am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe� am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe�am konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe� konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe�konkretul SemTxvevaSi miRe� SemTxvevaSi miRe�SemTxvevaSi miRe� miRe�miRe�

bul iqna 1992 wlis 2 marts Sinagan saqmeTa ministris mier.

(1) sasamarTlos dadgenileba

(a) zogadi principebi

65. sasamarTlo Segvaxsenebs, rom konvenciis 35�e muxlis 1-li punqtiT

gansazRvruli SidasamarTlebrivi dacvis gamoyenebis wesi avaldebulebs

yvela kerZo pirs, romelic cdilobs saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg sakuTari

saqmis wardgenas saerTaSoriso iuridiuli an arbitruli organos wi� wardgenas saerTaSoriso iuridiuli an arbitruli organos wi�wardgenas saerTaSoriso iuridiuli an arbitruli organos wi� saerTaSoriso iuridiuli an arbitruli organos wi�saerTaSoriso iuridiuli an arbitruli organos wi� iuridiuli an arbitruli organos wi�iuridiuli an arbitruli organos wi� an arbitruli organos wi�an arbitruli organos wi� arbitruli organos wi�organos wi� wi�wi�

naSe, Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT� Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT�Tavdapirvelad gamoiyenos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT� gamoiyenos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT�gamoiyenos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT� erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT�erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT� kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT�kanonmdeblobis sistemiT gaT� sistemiT gaT�sistemiT gaT� gaT�gaT�

valiswinebuli dacvis saSualebebi. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifoebs exsnebaT

saerTaSoriso organos winaSe sakuTar qmedebebze pasuxis valdebuleba,

vidre maT miecemaT saSualeba, moagvaron arsebuli sakiTxebi sakuTari

sakanonmdeblo sistemis saSualebiT. wesi efuZneba pasuxismgeblobis

sakuTar Tavze aRebas, romelic gansazRvrulia konvenciis me�13 muxl�aRebas, romelic gansazRvrulia konvenciis me�13 muxl� romelic gansazRvrulia konvenciis me�13 muxl�romelic gansazRvrulia konvenciis me�13 muxl� gansazRvrulia konvenciis me�13 muxl�gansazRvrulia konvenciis me�13 muxl� konvenciis me�13 muxl�konvenciis me�13 muxl� me�13 muxl�muxl�

263


Si, _ romelTanac mas axlo msgavseba akavSirebs, rom arsebobs dacvis

efeqtiani saSualeba Sida sistemaSi deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka� saSualeba Sida sistemaSi deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka�saSualeba Sida sistemaSi deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka� Sida sistemaSi deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka�Sida sistemaSi deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka� sistemaSi deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka�sistemaSi deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka� deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka�deklarirebul darRvevebTan daka� darRvevebTan daka�darRvevebTan daka� daka�daka�

vSirebiT, _ miuxedavad imisa, konvenciis moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebulia

Tu ara erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. amgvarad, principis mniSvnelovani

aspeqtia is, rom konvenciiT dadgenili dacvis meqanizmi aris damateba

erovnul sistemebze adamianis uflebebis dacvis mxriv.52

66. 35�e muxlis Tanaxmad, Cveulebrivi mimarTva ganmcxadeblis mier

unda moxdes im dacvaze, romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom� moxdes im dacvaze, romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom�moxdes im dacvaze, romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom� im dacvaze, romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom�im dacvaze, romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom� dacvaze, romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom�dacvaze, romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom� romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom�romelic aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom� aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom�aris xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom� xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom�xelmisawvdomi da sakmarisi kom� da sakmarisi kom�da sakmarisi kom� sakmarisi kom�sakmarisi kom� kom�kom�

pensaciis misaRebad deklarirebul darRvevebTan dakavSirebiT. dacvis

saSualebaTa arseboba unda iyos sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo� arseboba unda iyos sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo�arseboba unda iyos sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo� unda iyos sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo�unda iyos sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo� iyos sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo�iyos sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo� sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo�sakmarisad sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo� sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo�sarwmuno ara mxolod Teo� ara mxolod Teo�ara mxolod Teo� mxolod Teo�mxolod Teo� Teo�Teo�

riaSi, aramed praqtikaSic, risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne� aramed praqtikaSic, risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne�aramed praqtikaSic, risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne� praqtikaSic, risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne�praqtikaSic, risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne� risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne�risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne� ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne�ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne� SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne�SemTxvevaSic maT ar eqne� maT ar eqne�maT ar eqne� ar eqne�ar eqne� eqne�eqne�

bodaT sakmarisi saWiro xelmisawvdomoba da efeqtianoba.53 35�e muxli

aseve moiTxovs, rom saCivrebi, romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil� moiTxovs, rom saCivrebi, romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil�moiTxovs, rom saCivrebi, romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil� rom saCivrebi, romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil�rom saCivrebi, romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil� saCivrebi, romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil�saCivrebi, romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil� romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil�romelTa gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil� gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil�gagzavnac SemdgomSi dagegmil� SemdgomSi dagegmil�SemdgomSi dagegmil� dagegmil�dagegmil�

ia evropul sasamarTloSi, Tavisi arsiT da formalur moTxovnebTan

SesabamisobaSi unda iqnes moyvanili minimalur doneze mainc, rogorc

es gansazRvrulia Sida kanonmdeblobiT; SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu� gansazRvrulia Sida kanonmdeblobiT; SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu�gansazRvrulia Sida kanonmdeblobiT; SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu� Sida kanonmdeblobiT; SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu�Sida kanonmdeblobiT; SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu� kanonmdeblobiT; SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu�kanonmdeblobiT; SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu� SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu�SemdgomSi nebismieri procesu� nebismieri procesu�nebismieri procesu� procesu�procesu�

aluri saSualeba, ramac SesaZloa xeli SeuSalos konvenciis darRvevas,

mainc unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.54

67. Tumca, rogorc zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val�67. Tumca, rogorc zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val� Tumca, rogorc zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val�Tumca, rogorc zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val� rogorc zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val�rogorc zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val� zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val�zemoTaa miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val� miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val�miniSnebuli, ar arsebobs aranairi val� ar arsebobs aranairi val�ar arsebobs aranairi val� arsebobs aranairi val�arsebobs aranairi val� aranairi val�aranairi val� val�val�

debuleba dacvis araadekvaturi an araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen� dacvis araadekvaturi an araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen�dacvis araadekvaturi an araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen� araadekvaturi an araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen�araadekvaturi an araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen� an araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen�an araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen� araefeqtiani saSualebebis kompen�saSualebebis kompen�

saciis arsebobisa. garda amisa, `saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod

aRiarebuli normebis~ Tanaxmad, SesaZloa arsebobdes gansakuTrebuli

pirobebi, romelnic gankargulebisamebr aTavisuflebs ganmcxadebels

erovnul doneze samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis val� doneze samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis val�doneze samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis val� samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis val�samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis val� dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis val�dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis val� saSualebebis gamoyenebis val�saSualebebis gamoyenebis val� gamoyenebis val�gamoyenebis val� val�val�

debulebisagan.55

68. Sida sasamarTloebisadmi mimarTvis sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki� Sida sasamarTloebisadmi mimarTvis sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki�Sida sasamarTloebisadmi mimarTvis sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki� sasamarTloebisadmi mimarTvis sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki�sasamarTloebisadmi mimarTvis sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki� mimarTvis sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki�mimarTvis sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki� sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki�sferoSi saqme gvaqvs mtki� saqme gvaqvs mtki�saqme gvaqvs mtki� gvaqvs mtki�gvaqvs mtki� mtki�

cebulebis simZimis gadanawilebasTan. mTlianad mTavrobazea damokide�simZimis gadanawilebasTan. mTlianad mTavrobazea damokide� gadanawilebasTan. mTlianad mTavrobazea damokide�gadanawilebasTan. mTlianad mTavrobazea damokide� mTlianad mTavrobazea damokide�mTlianad mTavrobazea damokide� mTavrobazea damokide�mTavrobazea damokide� damokide�damokide�

buli pasuxismgebloba da mtkicebis tvirTi maT gamouyeneblobaze

sasamarTlos interesebis dakmayofilebis mizniT, rom saSualeba iyo

efeqtiani, Teoriulad vargisi, xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa� Teoriulad vargisi, xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa�Teoriulad vargisi, xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa� vargisi, xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa�vargisi, xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa� xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa�xolo praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa� praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa�praqtikaSi misaRebi mxolod sa� misaRebi mxolod sa�misaRebi mxolod sa� mxolod sa�mxolod sa� sa�sa�

Tanado dros; anu is iyo savsebiT misaRwevi da SeZlebda kompensaciis

52 ix. Handyside v. the United Kingdom, 1976 wlis 7 dekembris ganaCeni, seria A , №24, gv. 2, §48.53 ix. the Vernillo v. France, 1991 wlis 20 Tebervlis ganaCeni, seria A №198, gv. 11�12, §27 da the

Johnston and Others v. Ireland, 1986 wlis 18 dekembris ganaCeni, seria A №112, gv. 22, §45.54 ix. Cardot v. France, 1991 wlis 19 martis ganaCeni, seria A №200, gv.18, §34.55 ix. Van Oosterwijck v. Belgium, 1980 wlis 6 noembris ganaCeni, seria A №40, gv. 18�19, §36�40.

264

salome Sulaia

miRebas ganmcxadeblis saCivrebTan dakavSirebiT da warmatebis miRw� ganmcxadeblis saCivrebTan dakavSirebiT da warmatebis miRw�ganmcxadeblis saCivrebTan dakavSirebiT da warmatebis miRw� saCivrebTan dakavSirebiT da warmatebis miRw�saCivrebTan dakavSirebiT da warmatebis miRw� dakavSirebiT da warmatebis miRw�dakavSirebiT da warmatebis miRw� da warmatebis miRw�da warmatebis miRw� warmatebis miRw�warmatebis miRw� miRw�miRw�

evis gonivrul perspeqtivebs iZleoda. Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice� gonivrul perspeqtivebs iZleoda. Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice�gonivrul perspeqtivebs iZleoda. Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice� perspeqtivebs iZleoda. Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice�perspeqtivebs iZleoda. Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice� iZleoda. Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice�iZleoda. Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice� Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice�Tumca, vinaidan ixsneba mtkice� vinaidan ixsneba mtkice�vinaidan ixsneba mtkice� ixsneba mtkice�ixsneba mtkice� mtkice�

bulebis mTeli es simZime, ganmcxadebels uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav�mTeli es simZime, ganmcxadebels uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav� es simZime, ganmcxadebels uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav�es simZime, ganmcxadebels uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav� simZime, ganmcxadebels uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav�simZime, ganmcxadebels uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav� ganmcxadebels uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav�uxdeba damtkiceba, rom mTav� damtkiceba, rom mTav�damtkiceba, rom mTav� rom mTav�rom mTav� mTav�mTav�

robis mier SeTavazebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualeba namdvilad

iqna gamoyenebuli, an garkveuli mizezis gamo iyo araadekvaturi da

araefeqtiani am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, an arsebobda gansakuTrebuli

pirobebi, romelnic aTavisuflebda mas am moTxovnisagan.56

69. sasamarTlos xazgasmuli aRniSvniT, kanonma saTanado SeRavaTi

unda gaukeTos im faqts, rom misi gamoyeneba xdeba adamianTa uflebebis

dacvis sistemaSi, romlis SemuSavebazec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa� sistemaSi, romlis SemuSavebazec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa�sistemaSi, romlis SemuSavebazec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa� romlis SemuSavebazec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa�romlis SemuSavebazec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa� SemuSavebazec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa�SemuSavebazec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa� SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa�SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli mxa� xelSemkvreli mxa�mxa�

reebi. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom cno, rom 35�e muxli gamoyenebul unda

iqnes elastiurobis principiT da gadaWarbebuli formalizmis gareSe

(ixileT zemoT naxsenebi kardoTis sarCeli, gv. 18, abzaci 34). sasamarT�sarCeli, gv. 18, abzaci 34). sasamarT� gv. 18, abzaci 34). sasamarT�18, abzaci 34). sasamarT� abzaci 34). sasamarT�abzaci 34). sasamarT� 34). sasamarT�34). sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

lom SemdgomSi isic cno, rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu� SemdgomSi isic cno, rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu�SemdgomSi isic cno, rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu� isic cno, rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu�isic cno, rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu� cno, rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu�cno, rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu� rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu�rom dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu� dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu�dacvis uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu� uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu�uflebis gamoyeneba arc absolutu� gamoyeneba arc absolutu�gamoyeneba arc absolutu� arc absolutu�arc absolutu� absolutu�absolutu�

ria da arc misi avtomaturad gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli; ganxilvisas moxda

Tu ara kanonis dacva, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq� ara kanonis dacva, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq�ara kanonis dacva, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq� kanonis dacva, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq�kanonis dacva, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq� dacva, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq�dacva, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq� mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq�mniSvnelovania yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq� yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq�yuradRebis miqceva TiToeuli saq� miqceva TiToeuli saq�miqceva TiToeuli saq� TiToeuli saq�TiToeuli saq� saq�saq�

mis konkretul faqtebze.57 es ki, sxvaTa Soris, imas niSnavs, rom realuri

yuradReba unda mieqces ara mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo� unda mieqces ara mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo�unda mieqces ara mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo� mieqces ara mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo�mieqces ara mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo� ara mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo�ara mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo� mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo�mxolod formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo� formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo�formaluri dacvis uflebis arsebo� dacvis uflebis arsebo�dacvis uflebis arsebo� uflebis arsebo�uflebis arsebo� arsebo�arsebo�

bas dainteresebuli xelSemkvreli mxaris kanonmdeblobaSi, aramed aseve

zogadsamarTlebriv da politikur garemos, romelSic isini moqmedeben,

da aseve ganmcxadeblebis pirad garemoebebs.

3.6. slovakeTis konstitucia da kanoni sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos Sesaxeb

slovakeTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos uflebamosileba moicavs:

kanonebis konstituciasTan, konstituciur kanonebsa da saerTaSor� konstituciasTan, konstituciur kanonebsa da saerTaSor�konstituciasTan, konstituciur kanonebsa da saerTaSor� konstituciur kanonebsa da saerTaSor�konstituciur kanonebsa da saerTaSor� kanonebsa da saerTaSor�kanonebsa da saerTaSor� da saerTaSor�da saerTaSor� saerTaSor�saerTaSor�

56 ix. amasTan — komisiis gadawyvetileba Semdegi ganacxadis miRebis uflebaze — №788/60, avstria italiis winaaRmdeg, 1961 wlis 11 ianvari, yovelwliuri saxelmZRvanelo, tomi 4, gv. 166�168; ganacxadi №5577�5583/72, doneli da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR� da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR�da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR� sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR�sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR� gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR�gaerTianebuli samefos winaaR� samefos winaaR�samefos winaaR� winaaR�winaaR�mdeg (pirveli gadawyvetileba), 1973 wlis 5 aprili, yovelwliuri saxelmZRvanelo, tomi 16, gv. 264; aseve 1987 wlis 26 ivnisis ganaCeni panamerikuli adamianis uflebaTa damcveli sasamarTlo _ velaskes rodrigesis saqmeSi, winaswari protesti, seria C №1, abzaci 88, da 1990 wlis 10 agvistos sasamarTlos rekomendacia `SidasamarTlebrivi dacvis uflebebis gamoyenebis gamonaklisebze~. [amerikis adamianTa uflebebis dacvis konvenciis muxli 46 (1), 46 (2) (a) da 46 (2) (b) ] seria A №11, gv. 32, §41.

57 ix. zemoT naxsenebi Van Oosterwijck v. Belgium, ganaCeni, gv. 18, §35.

265


iso aqtebTan Sesabamisobis gadawyvetas da yvela donis aRmasrulebe� aqtebTan Sesabamisobis gadawyvetas da yvela donis aRmasrulebe�aqtebTan Sesabamisobis gadawyvetas da yvela donis aRmasrulebe� Sesabamisobis gadawyvetas da yvela donis aRmasrulebe�Sesabamisobis gadawyvetas da yvela donis aRmasrulebe� gadawyvetas da yvela donis aRmasrulebe�gadawyvetas da yvela donis aRmasrulebe� da yvela donis aRmasrulebe�da yvela donis aRmasrulebe� yvela donis aRmasrulebe�yvela donis aRmasrulebe� donis aRmasrulebe�donis aRmasrulebe� aRmasrulebe�aRmasrulebe�

li xelisuflebis organos samarTlebrivi aqtebis konstituciasa da

kanonebTan Sesabamisobis dadgenas; konstituciuri kanonebis ganmarte� Sesabamisobis dadgenas; konstituciuri kanonebis ganmarte�Sesabamisobis dadgenas; konstituciuri kanonebis ganmarte� dadgenas; konstituciuri kanonebis ganmarte�dadgenas; konstituciuri kanonebis ganmarte� konstituciuri kanonebis ganmarte�konstituciuri kanonebis ganmarte� kanonebis ganmarte�kanonebis ganmarte� ganmarte�ganmarte�

bas davis SemTxvevaSi; arCevnebsa da referendumTan dakavSirebuli

davebis gadawyvetas; politikuri partiebisa da moZraobebis akrZalvis

Taobaze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis kanonierebis Semowmebas; agreTve

prezidentis winaaRmdeg Ralatis braldebis ganxilvas. sakonstitu� winaaRmdeg Ralatis braldebis ganxilvas. sakonstitu�winaaRmdeg Ralatis braldebis ganxilvas. sakonstitu� Ralatis braldebis ganxilvas. sakonstitu�Ralatis braldebis ganxilvas. sakonstitu� braldebis ganxilvas. sakonstitu�braldebis ganxilvas. sakonstitu� ganxilvas. sakonstitu�ganxilvas. sakonstitu� sakonstitu�sakonstitu�

cio sasamarTlosTvis mimarTvis ufleba aqvT prezidents, parlamentis

wevrTa erT mexuTeds, mTavrobas, sasamarTlosa da generalur proku� erT mexuTeds, mTavrobas, sasamarTlosa da generalur proku�erT mexuTeds, mTavrobas, sasamarTlosa da generalur proku� mexuTeds, mTavrobas, sasamarTlosa da generalur proku�mexuTeds, mTavrobas, sasamarTlosa da generalur proku� mTavrobas, sasamarTlosa da generalur proku�mTavrobas, sasamarTlosa da generalur proku� sasamarTlosa da generalur proku�sasamarTlosa da generalur proku� da generalur proku�da generalur proku� generalur proku�generalur proku� proku�proku�

rors, agreTve, fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve� agreTve, fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve�agreTve, fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve� fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve�fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve� da iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve�da iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve� iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve�iuridiul pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve� pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve�pirebs, maTi uflebebis darRve� maTi uflebebis darRve�maTi uflebebis darRve� uflebebis darRve�uflebebis darRve� darRve�darRve�

vis SemTxvevaSi.58

slovakeTis sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi arcTu bevri sarCeli Se�sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi arcTu bevri sarCeli Se� sasamarTloSi arcTu bevri sarCeli Se�sasamarTloSi arcTu bevri sarCeli Se� arcTu bevri sarCeli Se�arcTu bevri sarCeli Se� bevri sarCeli Se�bevri sarCeli Se� sarCeli Se�sarCeli Se� Se�Se�

dioda adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak� adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak�adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak� uflebaTa darRvevebis Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak�uflebaTa darRvevebis Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak� darRvevebis Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak�darRvevebis Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak� Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak�Taobaze, Tumca iyo gamonak� Tumca iyo gamonak�Tumca iyo gamonak� iyo gamonak�iyo gamonak� gamonak�gamonak�

lisebic, rac Semdgom safuZvlad edeboda im ganacxadebs, romlebic

aRniSnuli qveynis winaaRmdeg Sedioda adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa� qveynis winaaRmdeg Sedioda adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa�qveynis winaaRmdeg Sedioda adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa� winaaRmdeg Sedioda adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa�winaaRmdeg Sedioda adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa� Sedioda adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa�Sedioda adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa� adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa�adamianis uflebaTa evropul sa� uflebaTa evropul sa�uflebaTa evropul sa� evropul sa�evropul sa� sa�sa�

samarTloSi.

3.6.1. saqme vodenikarovi slovakeTis winaaRmdeg

saqmeSi _ vodenikarovi slovakeTis winaaRmdeg, 2000 wlis 21 dekem�2000 wlis 21 dekem� wlis 21 dekem�wlis 21 dekem� 21 dekem�21 dekem� dekem�dekem�

bris gadawyvetileba59 _ ganxilul iqna agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti�_ ganxilul iqna agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti� ganxilul iqna agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti�ganxilul iqna agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti� iqna agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti�iqna agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti� agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti�agreTve slovakeTis sakonsti� slovakeTis sakonsti�sakonsti�

tucio sasamarTlos praqtika.

1993 wlis 15 seqtembris ganaCenSi (#I ÚS 79/93) sakonstitucio sa� sa�sa�

samarTlom, sami mosamarTlisagan Semdgarma palatam, gasca gankargule� sami mosamarTlisagan Semdgarma palatam, gasca gankargule�sami mosamarTlisagan Semdgarma palatam, gasca gankargule� mosamarTlisagan Semdgarma palatam, gasca gankargule�mosamarTlisagan Semdgarma palatam, gasca gankargule� Semdgarma palatam, gasca gankargule�Semdgarma palatam, gasca gankargule� palatam, gasca gankargule�palatam, gasca gankargule� gasca gankargule�gasca gankargule� gankargule�gankargule�

ba fsiqikurad daavadebulTa klinikidan pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses� fsiqikurad daavadebulTa klinikidan pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses�fsiqikurad daavadebulTa klinikidan pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses� daavadebulTa klinikidan pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses�daavadebulTa klinikidan pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses� klinikidan pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses�klinikidan pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses� pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses�pacientis gaTavisuflebis Ses� gaTavisuflebis Ses�gaTavisuflebis Ses� Ses�Ses�

axeb, misi Tanxmobis gareSe. am SemTxvevaSi pacienti or Tveze meti xnis

ganmavlobaSi dakavebuli iyo kompetenturi sasamarTlo organos mxri� dakavebuli iyo kompetenturi sasamarTlo organos mxri�dakavebuli iyo kompetenturi sasamarTlo organos mxri� sasamarTlo organos mxri�sasamarTlo organos mxri� organos mxri�organos mxri� mxri�mxri�

dan yovelgvari sanqciis gacemis gareSe. igi amtkicebda, rom dairRva

konstituciis me�17 muxli (6) da sakonstitucio sasamarTlom es sakiTxi

ganixila konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT� konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT�konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT� me�5 muxlis me�4 punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT�muxlis me�4 punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT� me�4 punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT�4 punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT� punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT�punqtze dayrdnobiT. sasamarT� dayrdnobiT. sasamarT�dayrdnobiT. sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

lo ganaCeni ar Sevida sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier gamoqveynebul

moZiebuli im masalebisa da ganaCenebis krebulSi (Zbierka nálezov a uzne-sení), romelnic sakonstitucio sasamarTlos plenaruli sxdomis mier

58 130�e muxli.59 case of vodeničarov v. slovakia ganacxadi (#24530/94).

266

salome Sulaia

kanonierebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovnad miiCneva. Tavis momdevno

praqtikaSi sakonstitucio sasamarTlo mudmivad rCeba im gadawyvetile� sakonstitucio sasamarTlo mudmivad rCeba im gadawyvetile�sakonstitucio sasamarTlo mudmivad rCeba im gadawyvetile� sasamarTlo mudmivad rCeba im gadawyvetile�sasamarTlo mudmivad rCeba im gadawyvetile� mudmivad rCeba im gadawyvetile�mudmivad rCeba im gadawyvetile� rCeba im gadawyvetile�rCeba im gadawyvetile� im gadawyvetile�im gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

baze, rom is ar warmoadgens saapelacio organos sasamarTlo sistemaSi

da mas ar gaaCnia iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� mas ar gaaCnia iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa�mas ar gaaCnia iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� ar gaaCnia iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa�ar gaaCnia iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� gaaCnia iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa�gaaCnia iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa�iurisdiqcia, rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa�rom Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa�Caerios saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa�saqmeebSi ganmxilvel sa� ganmxilvel sa�ganmxilvel sa� sa�sa�

samarTloebamde, an moaxdinos maT mier miRebuli ganaCenis anulireba.

sasamarTlo amasTan aRniSnavs, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga� amasTan aRniSnavs, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga�amasTan aRniSnavs, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga� aRniSnavs, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga�aRniSnavs, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga� rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga�rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga� sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga�sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ga� sasamarTlom ga�sasamarTlom ga� ga�ga�

naCeni gamoitana 1993 wlis 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan� gamoitana 1993 wlis 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan�gamoitana 1993 wlis 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan� 1993 wlis 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan�1993 wlis 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan� wlis 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan�wlis 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan� 15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan�15 seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan� seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan�seqtembers da igi ucvleli darCa kan� da igi ucvleli darCa kan�da igi ucvleli darCa kan� igi ucvleli darCa kan�igi ucvleli darCa kan� ucvleli darCa kan�ucvleli darCa kan� darCa kan�darCa kan� kan�kan�

onis am farglebSi ise, rom mas Semdgomi ganviTareba ar mohyolia.

ufro metic, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos plenarulma sesiam ar Sei�metic, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos plenarulma sesiam ar Sei� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos plenarulma sesiam ar Sei�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos plenarulma sesiam ar Sei� sasamarTlos plenarulma sesiam ar Sei�sasamarTlos plenarulma sesiam ar Sei� plenarulma sesiam ar Sei�plenarulma sesiam ar Sei� sesiam ar Sei�sesiam ar Sei� ar Sei�ar Sei� Sei�Sei�

tana sami mosamarTlisagan Semdgari palatis mier miRebuli ganaCeni

oficialur publikaciaSi, romelic Seicavda mniSvnelovan sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebebs, rac Seadgens sakonstitucio sasamarTlos dadgenil

precedentul samarTals.

am pirobebSi sasamarTlo eTanxmeba komisias, rom maSin konstituciis

130�e (3) muxliT gansazRvrul sasamarTlo dacvis uflebas ar gaaCnda

sakmarisi simtkice, daekmayofilebina konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 pun� simtkice, daekmayofilebina konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 pun�simtkice, daekmayofilebina konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 pun� daekmayofilebina konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 pun�daekmayofilebina konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 pun� konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 pun�konvenciis me�5 muxlis me�4 pun� me�5 muxlis me�4 pun�muxlis me�4 pun� me�4 pun�4 pun� pun�pun�

qtis moTxovnebi.

Sesabamisad, ministrTa komitetis mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo� ministrTa komitetis mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo�ministrTa komitetis mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo� komitetis mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo�komitetis mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo� mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo�mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo� saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo�saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg mo� ganxilvis Semdeg mo�ganxilvis Semdeg mo� Semdeg mo�Semdeg mo� mo�mo�

pasuxe saxelmwifos mTavrobam mogvianebiT ukve gamoaqveyna aRniSnuli

gadawyvetileba Boletín de Información del Ministerio de Justicia-Si da daug� da daug�da daug� daug�daug�

zavna dainteresebul organoebs.60

3.7. espaneTis sakonstitucio tribunali

espaneTis sakonstitucio tribunali sakmaod farTo uflebamosile� sakonstitucio tribunali sakmaod farTo uflebamosile�sakonstitucio tribunali sakmaod farTo uflebamosile� tribunali sakmaod farTo uflebamosile�tribunali sakmaod farTo uflebamosile� sakmaod farTo uflebamosile�sakmaod farTo uflebamosile� farTo uflebamosile�farTo uflebamosile� uflebamosile�uflebamosile�

biTaa aRWurvili. igi ganixilavs ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri� aRWurvili. igi ganixilavs ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri�aRWurvili. igi ganixilavs ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri� igi ganixilavs ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri�igi ganixilavs ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri� ganixilavs ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri�ganixilavs ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri� ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri�ara mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri� mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri�mxolod iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri� iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri�iuridiuli aqtebis Ziri� aqtebis Ziri�aqtebis Ziri� Ziri�Ziri�

Tad kanonebTan Sesabamisobas, aramed moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd� kanonebTan Sesabamisobas, aramed moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd�kanonebTan Sesabamisobas, aramed moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd� Sesabamisobas, aramed moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd�Sesabamisobas, aramed moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd� aramed moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd�aramed moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd� moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd�moqalaqeTa saCivrebsa da Suamd� saCivrebsa da Suamd�saCivrebsa da Suamd� da Suamd�da Suamd� Suamd�

gomlobebs maTi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevis SemTxveva�maTi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevis SemTxveva� uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevis SemTxveva�uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevis SemTxveva� da Tavisuflebebis darRvevis SemTxveva�da Tavisuflebebis darRvevis SemTxveva� Tavisuflebebis darRvevis SemTxveva�darRvevis SemTxveva� SemTxveva�SemTxveva�

Si. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqalaqeTa saCivrebi ganixileba e.w. àmparos~

wesiT gaTvaliswinebuli proceduriT. aRniSnuli wesi gavrcelebulia

ZiriTadad espanurenovan saxelmwifoebSi da emsgavseba saCivris ganxil� espanurenovan saxelmwifoebSi da emsgavseba saCivris ganxil�saxelmwifoebSi da emsgavseba saCivris ganxil� da emsgavseba saCivris ganxil�da emsgavseba saCivris ganxil� emsgavseba saCivris ganxil�emsgavseba saCivris ganxil� saCivris ganxil�saCivris ganxil� ganxil�ganxil�

vis proceduras, magram gansxvavdeba imiT, rom àmparos~ proceduriT

60 Tribunal de Instrucción # 5 of Barcelona, Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri-5 of Barcelona, Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri- of Barcelona, Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri-of Barcelona, Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri- Barcelona, Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri-Barcelona, Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri- Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri-Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri- Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri-Provincial de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri- de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri-de Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri- Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri-Barcelona, Tribunal Supremo, Tri- Tribunal Supremo, Tri-Tribunal Supremo, Tri- Supremo, Tri-Supremo, Tri- Tri-Tri-bunal Constitucional and Dirección General para la Seguridad de los Ciudadanos de la Generalidad de Cataluña.

267


saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier gamotanili

gadawyvetileba individualuri xasiaTisaa da vrceldeba mosarCeleze.

àmparos~ procedura gamoiyeneba mxolod sasamarTlos, administraci� procedura gamoiyeneba mxolod sasamarTlos, administraci�procedura gamoiyeneba mxolod sasamarTlos, administraci� mxolod sasamarTlos, administraci�mxolod sasamarTlos, administraci� sasamarTlos, administraci�sasamarTlos, administraci� administraci�administraci�

uli organoebis, sajaro samsaxuris mier miRebuli aqtebis mimarT.

kanonebis mimarT àmparos~ procedura SeiZleba ar iyos gamoyenebuli.

àmparos~61 proceduriT sakonstitucio sasamarTlo saqmes ganixilavs

mxolod aqtis mimReb organoSi, an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem� aqtis mimReb organoSi, an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem�aqtis mimReb organoSi, an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem� mimReb organoSi, an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem�mimReb organoSi, an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem� organoSi, an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem�organoSi, an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem� an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem�an sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem� sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem�sasamarTloSi misi gasaCivrebis Sem� misi gasaCivrebis Sem�misi gasaCivrebis Sem� gasaCivrebis Sem�gasaCivrebis Sem� Sem�Sem�

dgom, oci dRis vadaSi.62

espaneTis konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebulia adamianis uflebebisa

da Tavisuflebebis dacvis garantiebis iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa:

uflebadarRveul moqalaqeTa mimarTva saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi, sa�moqalaqeTa mimarTva saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi, sa� mimarTva saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi, sa�mimarTva saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi, sa� saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi, sa�saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi, sa� sasamarTloebisadmi, sa�sasamarTloebisadmi, sa� sa�sa�

konstitucio sasamarTlosa da saxalxo damcvelisadmi.

3.8. ruseTis federaciis konstitucia da sakonstitucio

sasamarTlo

ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlo moqalaqeTa

saCivrebis safuZvelze amowmebs kanonebis konstituciurobas, rom� safuZvelze amowmebs kanonebis konstituciurobas, rom�safuZvelze amowmebs kanonebis konstituciurobas, rom� amowmebs kanonebis konstituciurobas, rom�amowmebs kanonebis konstituciurobas, rom� kanonebis konstituciurobas, rom�kanonebis konstituciurobas, rom� konstituciurobas, rom�rom�

lebic arRveven konstituciiT garantirebul adamianisa da moqalaqis

uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs. saCivris ufleba moqalaqes exsneba ma� da Tavisuflebebs. saCivris ufleba moqalaqes exsneba ma�da Tavisuflebebs. saCivris ufleba moqalaqes exsneba ma� Tavisuflebebs. saCivris ufleba moqalaqes exsneba ma�saCivris ufleba moqalaqes exsneba ma� ufleba moqalaqes exsneba ma�ufleba moqalaqes exsneba ma� moqalaqes exsneba ma�moqalaqes exsneba ma� exsneba ma�exsneba ma� ma�ma�

Sin, roca arsebobs erTdroulad ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti� roca arsebobs erTdroulad ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti�roca arsebobs erTdroulad ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti� arsebobs erTdroulad ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti�arsebobs erTdroulad ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti� erTdroulad ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti�erTdroulad ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti� ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti�ori piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti� piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti�piroba: Tu irRveva misi konsti� Tu irRveva misi konsti�Tu irRveva misi konsti� irRveva misi konsti�irRveva misi konsti� misi konsti�misi konsti� konsti�konsti�

tuciuri ufleba�Tavisuflebani konkretuli normatiuli aqtiT da es

aqti gamoiyeneba an eqvemdebareba gamoyenebas, an ukve gamoyenebul iqna

am konkretul saqmeze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa� konkretul saqmeze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa�konkretul saqmeze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa� saqmeze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa�saqmeze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa� im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa�im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa� SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa�SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa� Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa�Tu saerTo an saarbitraJo sa� saerTo an saarbitraJo sa�saerTo an saarbitraJo sa� an saarbitraJo sa�an saarbitraJo sa� saarbitraJo sa�saarbitraJo sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo, romelic iyenebs an unda gamoiyenos esa Tu is kanoni, miva im

daskvnamde, rom igi ar Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma� rom igi ar Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma�rom igi ar Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma� igi ar Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma�igi ar Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma� ar Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma�ar Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma� Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma�Seesabameba federalur konstitucias, am norma� federalur konstitucias, am norma�federalur konstitucias, am norma� konstitucias, am norma�konstitucias, am norma� am norma�am norma� norma�norma�

tiuli aqtis konstituciurobis dasadgenad uflebamosilia, mimarTos

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos.63

61 espaneTis sakonstitucio tribunalis saqmianobaSi mniSvnelovania e.w. àmparos~ proce�espaneTis sakonstitucio tribunalis saqmianobaSi mniSvnelovania e.w. àmparos~ proce�duriT saqmeebis ganxilva. aRniSnuli procedura ZiriTadad laTinuri amerikis qveynebSia gavrcelebuli _ igi warmoadgens sajaro administraciis mier adamianis uflebebis dar�Rvevis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis specialur wess. arsebobs, agreTve, calke gamoyofili `konstituciuri amparos~ procedura.

62 o. melqaZe, sazRvargareTis qveynebis konstituciuri samarTali, krebuli �, politikur�samarTlebrivi literaturis seria, wigni V��, Tb., 1999, gv. 158.

63 iqve, gv 302.

268

salome Sulaia

3.9. sasamarTlo xelisufleba

muxli 118.

1. marTlmsajuleba ruseTis federaciaSi xorcieldeba mxolod sa� marTlmsajuleba ruseTis federaciaSi xorcieldeba mxolod sa�marTlmsajuleba ruseTis federaciaSi xorcieldeba mxolod sa� ruseTis federaciaSi xorcieldeba mxolod sa�ruseTis federaciaSi xorcieldeba mxolod sa� federaciaSi xorcieldeba mxolod sa�federaciaSi xorcieldeba mxolod sa� xorcieldeba mxolod sa�xorcieldeba mxolod sa� mxolod sa�mxolod sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos mier.

3. ruseTis federaciis sasamarTlo sistema dgindeba ruseTis

federaciis konstituciiTa da federaluri konstituciuri ka� konstituciiTa da federaluri konstituciuri ka�konstituciiTa da federaluri konstituciuri ka� da federaluri konstituciuri ka�da federaluri konstituciuri ka� federaluri konstituciuri ka�federaluri konstituciuri ka� konstituciuri ka�konstituciuri ka� ka�ka�

noniT (...).

muxli 125.

2. ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlo wyvets saqmeebs

ruseTis federaciis konstituciasTan:

moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRve� konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRve�konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRve� uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRve�uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRve� da Tavisuflebebis darRve�da Tavisuflebebis darRve� Tavisuflebebis darRve�darRve�

vis Sesaxeb saCivrebisa da sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed� Sesaxeb saCivrebisa da sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed�Sesaxeb saCivrebisa da sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed� saCivrebisa da sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed�saCivrebisa da sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed� da sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed�da sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed� sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed�sasamarTloebis mimarTvis safuZvelze fed� mimarTvis safuZvelze fed�mimarTvis safuZvelze fed� safuZvelze fed�safuZvelze fed� fed�fed�

eraluri kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio

sasamarTlo adgens konkretul saqmeSi gamoyenebuli an gamosayenebeli

kanonis konstituciurobas.64

muxli 6. ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� 6. ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw�6. ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw�ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw�federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadaw� sasamarTlos gadaw�sasamarTlos gadaw� gadaw�gadaw�

yvetilebebis savaldebulooba65

ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� sasamarTlos gadawyvetile�sasamarTlos gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

bebi savaldebuloa federaciis mTel teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe� savaldebuloa federaciis mTel teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe�savaldebuloa federaciis mTel teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe� federaciis mTel teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe�federaciis mTel teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe� mTel teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe�mTel teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe� teritoriaze saxelmwifo xe�saxelmwifo xe� xe�xe�

lisuflebis warmomadgenlobiTi, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo or� warmomadgenlobiTi, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo or�warmomadgenlobiTi, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo or� aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo or�aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo or� da sasamarTlo or�da sasamarTlo or� sasamarTlo or�sasamarTlo or� or�or�

ganoebisaTvis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis, dawesebulebebis, or� adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis, dawesebulebebis, or�adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis, dawesebulebebis, or� TviTmmarTvelobis, dawesebulebebis, or�TviTmmarTvelobis, dawesebulebebis, or� dawesebulebebis, or�dawesebulebebis, or� or�or�

ganizaciebis, Tanamdebobis pirTa da moqalaqeebisaTvis.

muxli 97. sarCelis daSvebadoba

sarCeli kanonis mier moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta� kanonis mier moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta�kanonis mier moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta� mier moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta�mier moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta� moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta�moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta� konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta�konstituciuri uflebebisa da Ta� uflebebisa da Ta�uflebebisa da Ta� da Ta�da Ta� Ta�

visuflebebis darRvevebze dasaSvebia, Tu:

1. kanoni exeba moqalaqeTa konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle� kanoni exeba moqalaqeTa konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle�kanoni exeba moqalaqeTa konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle� exeba moqalaqeTa konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle�exeba moqalaqeTa konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle� moqalaqeTa konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle�moqalaqeTa konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle� konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle�konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisufle� uflebebsa da Tavisufle�uflebebsa da Tavisufle� da Tavisufle�da Tavisufle� Tavisufle�Tavisufle�

bebs;

64 ruseTis federaciis kanoni sakonstitucio sasamarTlis Sesaxeb, 22 (3) muxli. 65 ruseTis federaciis kanoni sakonstitucio sasamarTlis Sesaxeb.

269


2. kanoni gamoyenebulia, an unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq� kanoni gamoyenebulia, an unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq�kanoni gamoyenebulia, an unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq� gamoyenebulia, an unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq�gamoyenebulia, an unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq� an unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq�an unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq� unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq�unda iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq� iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq�iqnes gamoyenebuli konkretul saq� gamoyenebuli konkretul saq�gamoyenebuli konkretul saq� konkretul saq�konkretul saq� saq�saq�

meze, romlis ganxilvac dasrulebulia an daiwyo sasamarTlosa Tu sxva

organoSi, romelic iyenebs kanons;

ruseTis SemTxvevaSi naTlad Cans, rom igi im qveynebis magaliTebs

esadageba, romelTa sakonstitucio sasamarTloebSi e.w. àrarealuri~

sakonstitucio sarCelebis Setana xdeba, radgan sakonstitucio sa� sarCelebis Setana xdeba, radgan sakonstitucio sa�sarCelebis Setana xdeba, radgan sakonstitucio sa� Setana xdeba, radgan sakonstitucio sa�Setana xdeba, radgan sakonstitucio sa� xdeba, radgan sakonstitucio sa�xdeba, radgan sakonstitucio sa� sa�sa�

samarTlo mxolod kanonis konstituciurobis sakiTxze msjelobs da

amiT ar ereva sxva organoebis saqmianobaSi.

4. daskvna

daskvnis saxiT unda aRiniSnos, rom Zalze mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor

daregulirdeba es sakiTxi saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi.

naSromSi dawvrilebiT iyo ganxiluli rogorc veneciis komisiis, ise

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos midgoma. aRsaniSnavia is,

rom wlebis manZilze ucxoeli eqspertebis mier gatarebulma araerTma

RonisZiebam sakonstitucio sasamarTlo evropul standartebs miuax� sakonstitucio sasamarTlo evropul standartebs miuax�sakonstitucio sasamarTlo evropul standartebs miuax� sasamarTlo evropul standartebs miuax�sasamarTlo evropul standartebs miuax� evropul standartebs miuax�evropul standartebs miuax� standartebs miuax�standartebs miuax� miuax�miuax�

lova. Tumca apostolis saqmeSi dRis wesrigSi adamianis uflebaTa ev� dRis wesrigSi adamianis uflebaTa ev�dRis wesrigSi adamianis uflebaTa ev� wesrigSi adamianis uflebaTa ev�wesrigSi adamianis uflebaTa ev� adamianis uflebaTa ev�adamianis uflebaTa ev� uflebaTa ev�uflebaTa ev� ev�ev�

ropuli konvenciis 35�e muxlis kuTxiT danaxuli sakonstitucio sa� konvenciis 35�e muxlis kuTxiT danaxuli sakonstitucio sa�konvenciis 35�e muxlis kuTxiT danaxuli sakonstitucio sa� 35�e muxlis kuTxiT danaxuli sakonstitucio sa�muxlis kuTxiT danaxuli sakonstitucio sa� kuTxiT danaxuli sakonstitucio sa�kuTxiT danaxuli sakonstitucio sa� danaxuli sakonstitucio sa�danaxuli sakonstitucio sa� sakonstitucio sa�sakonstitucio sa� sa�sa�

samarTlosa da misi efeqtianobis sakiTxi dadga. 35�e muxli, romelic

erovnul doneze samarTlebrivi saSualebebis amowurvas iTxovs, amave

dros, imave saSualebebis efeqtianobazec msjelobs.

unda aRiniSnos, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis ufro meti

funqciis miniWeba ukeTes Sedegsac mogvcems. magaliTad, imave germaniis

SemTxvevaze dayrdnobiT, kargi iqneba, Tuki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo,

romelic konstituciis me�19 muxlis 1�li paragrafis e) punqtis Tanax� konstituciis me�19 muxlis 1�li paragrafis e) punqtis Tanax�konstituciis me�19 muxlis 1�li paragrafis e) punqtis Tanax� me�19 muxlis 1�li paragrafis e) punqtis Tanax�muxlis 1�li paragrafis e) punqtis Tanax� 1�li paragrafis e) punqtis Tanax�paragrafis e) punqtis Tanax� e) punqtis Tanax�punqtis Tanax� Tanax�Tanax�

mad, saqarTvelos konstituciis meore Tavis sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT

miRebuli normatiuli aqtebis konstituciurobis sakiTxebis ganxil� normatiuli aqtebis konstituciurobis sakiTxebis ganxil�normatiuli aqtebis konstituciurobis sakiTxebis ganxil� aqtebis konstituciurobis sakiTxebis ganxil�aqtebis konstituciurobis sakiTxebis ganxil� konstituciurobis sakiTxebis ganxil�sakiTxebis ganxil� ganxil�ganxil�

visas ar Semoifargleba mxolod normebis konstituciurobis sakiTxze

msjelobiT da Tavis areals ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar� da Tavis areals ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar�da Tavis areals ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar� Tavis areals ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar�Tavis areals ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar� areals ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar�areals ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar� ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar�ufro gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar� gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar�gaafarToebs. kerZod, germaniaSi ar� kerZod, germaniaSi ar�kerZod, germaniaSi ar� germaniaSi ar�germaniaSi ar� ar�ar�

sebuli `realuri~ sakonstitucio sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, ga� `realuri~ sakonstitucio sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, ga�`realuri~ sakonstitucio sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, ga� sakonstitucio sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, ga�sakonstitucio sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, ga� sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, ga�sarCelebi iZleva saSualebebs, ga� iZleva saSualebebs, ga�iZleva saSualebebs, ga� saSualebebs, ga�saSualebebs, ga� ga�ga�

mosworebul iqnes oficialur pirTa da uwyebaTa mier uflebebisa da

Tavisuflebebis xelyofis faqtebi, an, sadac konstituciiT uzrunve�xelyofis faqtebi, an, sadac konstituciiT uzrunve� faqtebi, an, sadac konstituciiT uzrunve�faqtebi, an, sadac konstituciiT uzrunve� an, sadac konstituciiT uzrunve�an, sadac konstituciiT uzrunve� sadac konstituciiT uzrunve�sadac konstituciiT uzrunve� konstituciiT uzrunve�konstituciiT uzrunve� uzrunve�uzrunve�

270

salome Sulaia

lyofili uflebis darRveva ara sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis, aramed

sxvagvari Carevis Sedegia, ukrZalavs aRniSnul oficialur uwyebebs,

ganagrZon uflebis darRveva da aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi� uflebis darRveva da aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi�uflebis darRveva da aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi� darRveva da aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi�darRveva da aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi� da aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi�da aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi� aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi�aseve miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi� miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi�miuTiTebs am uwyebebs, aRadgi� am uwyebebs, aRadgi�am uwyebebs, aRadgi� uwyebebs, aRadgi�uwyebebs, aRadgi� aRadgi�aRadgi�

non status kvo, Tu es SesaZlebelia. Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu�Tu es SesaZlebelia. Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu� es SesaZlebelia. Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu�es SesaZlebelia. Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu� SesaZlebelia. Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu�SesaZlebelia. Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu� Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu�Sesabamisad, Tuki, sakonstitu� Tuki, sakonstitu�Tuki, sakonstitu� sakonstitu�sakonstitu�

cio sasamarTlo imsjelebs aRniSnul sakiTxebze, radgan igi, rogorc

konstituciuri samarTalwarmoebis ganmaxorcielebeli organo, ufro

meti uflebamosilebiTaa aRWurvili, ufro met efeqtianobas SesZens

mas da ufro metad iqneba daculi adamianis uflebebi. am SemTxvevaSi

saqme gveqneba ukve `realur~ sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa� gveqneba ukve `realur~ sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa�gveqneba ukve `realur~ sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa� ukve `realur~ sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa�ukve `realur~ sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa� `realur~ sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa�`realur~ sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa� sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa�sakonstitucio saCivarTan, romelic sa� saCivarTan, romelic sa�saCivarTan, romelic sa� romelic sa�romelic sa� sa�sa�

samarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebebis winaaRmdeg iqneba mimarTuli.

amgvari konstituciuri sarCeli aseve SesaZlebels xdis, aRmoifxvras

is darRvevebi, romlebic pirdapir an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar� darRvevebi, romlebic pirdapir an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar�darRvevebi, romlebic pirdapir an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar� romlebic pirdapir an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar�romlebic pirdapir an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar� pirdapir an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar�pirdapir an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar� an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar�an uSualod aris gamowveuli samar� uSualod aris gamowveuli samar�uSualod aris gamowveuli samar� aris gamowveuli samar�aris gamowveuli samar� gamowveuli samar�gamowveuli samar� samar�samar�

Tlebrivi organos qmedebiT an umoqmedobiT, miuxedavad im faqtebisa,

rac safuZvlad daedo saqmiswarmoebas; arakonstituciuri kanonis gau� safuZvlad daedo saqmiswarmoebas; arakonstituciuri kanonis gau�safuZvlad daedo saqmiswarmoebas; arakonstituciuri kanonis gau� daedo saqmiswarmoebas; arakonstituciuri kanonis gau�daedo saqmiswarmoebas; arakonstituciuri kanonis gau� saqmiswarmoebas; arakonstituciuri kanonis gau�saqmiswarmoebas; arakonstituciuri kanonis gau� arakonstituciuri kanonis gau�arakonstituciuri kanonis gau� kanonis gau�kanonis gau� gau�gau�

qmebas Sedegad mohyveba xsenebul kanonze dayrdnobiT sasamarTloebis

mier gamotanili yvela saboloo gadawyvetilebis anulireba.66

zemoTqmulis sapirispirod, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT� sapirispirod, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT�sapirispirod, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT� saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT�saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT� sakonstitucio sasamarT�sakonstitucio sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

lo uflebamosili ar aris, gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe� uflebamosili ar aris, gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe�uflebamosili ar aris, gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe� ar aris, gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe�ar aris, gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe� aris, gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe�aris, gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe� gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe�gaauqmos sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe� sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe�sajaro uwyebebis an sasamarTloe� uwyebebis an sasamarTloe�uwyebebis an sasamarTloe� an sasamarTloe�an sasamarTloe� sasamarTloe�sasamarTloe�

bis mier gamotanili is individualuri gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic

pirdapir gavlenas axdenen mosarCelis uflebebze, rac, Tavis mxriv,

garkveulwilad araefeqtians xdis sarCelis Sedegs (ixileT veneciis

komisiis zemoT xsenebuli dokumentacia, 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon� zemoT xsenebuli dokumentacia, 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon�zemoT xsenebuli dokumentacia, 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon� xsenebuli dokumentacia, 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon�xsenebuli dokumentacia, 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon� dokumentacia, 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon�dokumentacia, 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon� 30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon�30�e da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon� da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon�da 31�e punqtebi). sakanon� 31�e punqtebi). sakanon�31�e punqtebi). sakanon� sakanon�sakanon�

mdeblo an sxva normatiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad gamocxadebas

Sedegad ar mohyveba sadavo aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT� ar mohyveba sadavo aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT�ar mohyveba sadavo aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT� mohyveba sadavo aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT�mohyveba sadavo aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT� sadavo aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT�sadavo aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT� aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT�aqtis safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT� safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT�safuZvelze ukve miRebuli sasamarT� ukve miRebuli sasamarT�ukve miRebuli sasamarT� miRebuli sasamarT�miRebuli sasamarT� sasamarT�sasamarT�

lo gadawyvetilebebis anulireba (sakonstitucio sasamarTlos aqtis

me�20 muxli).

im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca SeuZlebelia status kvo�s aRdgena, arsebobs

sxva gzebic. konstituciis me�20 muxli adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor� gzebic. konstituciis me�20 muxli adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor�gzebic. konstituciis me�20 muxli adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor� konstituciis me�20 muxli adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor�konstituciis me�20 muxli adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor� me�20 muxli adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor�muxli adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor� adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor�adgens, rom kanonis an sxva nor� rom kanonis an sxva nor�rom kanonis an sxva nor� kanonis an sxva nor�kanonis an sxva nor� an sxva nor�an sxva nor� sxva nor�sxva nor� nor�nor�

matiuli aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ� aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ�aqtis arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ� arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ�arakonstituciurad cnoba ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ� cnoba ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ�cnoba ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ� ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ�ar niSnavs am faqtis safuZ� niSnavs am faqtis safuZ�niSnavs am faqtis safuZ� am faqtis safuZ�am faqtis safuZ� faqtis safuZ�faqtis safuZ� safuZ�safuZ�

velze adre gamotanili sasamarTlo ganaCenebisa da gadawyvetilebebis

gauqmebas, iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon� iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon�iwvevs mxolod maTi aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon� mxolod maTi aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon�mxolod maTi aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon� maTi aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon�maTi aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon� aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon�aRsrulebis SeCerebas saproceso kanon� SeCerebas saproceso kanon�SeCerebas saproceso kanon� saproceso kanon�saproceso kanon� kanon�kanon�

mdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom hartmanis saqmeSi Cexe� Cexe�Cexe�

Tis respublikis winaaRmdeg, evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe� respublikis winaaRmdeg, evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe�respublikis winaaRmdeg, evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe� winaaRmdeg, evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe�winaaRmdeg, evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe� evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe�evropuli sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe� sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe�sasamarTlos miTiTebiT, sarCe� miTiTebiT, sarCe�miTiTebiT, sarCe� sarCe�sarCe�

66 ix.: Riera Blume and Others v. Spain (dec.), no. 37680/97, 9 March 1999; Voggenreiter v. Germany, no. 47169/99, § 23, ECHR 2004-I.

271


lis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, pirisTvis kompensaciis gadauxdeloba

TavisTavad gulisxmobs araefeqtian warmoebas. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu

pirs ver vubrunebT status kvos da, amasTan, arc darRveuli uflebis

gamosworeba xdeba, aucilebelia sxva gzis gamonaxva, anu kompensaciis

daweseba, romelic konkretul saqmesa Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas� romelic konkretul saqmesa Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas�romelic konkretul saqmesa Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas� konkretul saqmesa Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas�konkretul saqmesa Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas� saqmesa Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas�saqmesa Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas� Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas�Tu konkretul gadawyvetilebas� konkretul gadawyvetilebas�konkretul gadawyvetilebas� gadawyvetilebas�gadawyvetilebas�

Tan dakavSirebiT iqneba sasamarTlos mier dadgenili, rac ufro met

efeqtianobas SesZens sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas. magram mTavaria, es

yvelaferi gonivrul vadebSi iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro� gonivrul vadebSi iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro�gonivrul vadebSi iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro� vadebSi iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro�vadebSi iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro� iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro�iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro� ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro�ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, ro� da gadawyvetili, ro�da gadawyvetili, ro� gadawyvetili, ro�gadawyvetili, ro� ro�ro�

gorc es evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile� es evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile�es evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile� evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile�evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile� sasamarTlom daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile�sasamarTlom daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile� daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile�daadgina Tavis araerT gadawyvetile� Tavis araerT gadawyvetile�Tavis araerT gadawyvetile� araerT gadawyvetile�araerT gadawyvetile� gadawyvetile�gadawyvetile�

baSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xalxi ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or� winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xalxi ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or�winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xalxi ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or� SemTxvevaSi xalxi ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or�SemTxvevaSi xalxi ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or� xalxi ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or�xalxi ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or� ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or�ndobas dakargavs am sasamarTlo or� dakargavs am sasamarTlo or�dakargavs am sasamarTlo or� am sasamarTlo or�am sasamarTlo or� sasamarTlo or�sasamarTlo or� or�or�

ganos mimarT.

TiTqos am magaliTebiT da am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro� am magaliTebiT da am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro�am magaliTebiT da am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro� magaliTebiT da am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro�magaliTebiT da am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro� da am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro�da am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro� am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro�am cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro� cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro�cvlilebebiT Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro� Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro�Cven vuaxlovdebiT evro� vuaxlovdebiT evro�vuaxlovdebiT evro� evro�evro�

pul sasamarTlos da viTavsebT mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti� sasamarTlos da viTavsebT mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti�sasamarTlos da viTavsebT mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti� da viTavsebT mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti�da viTavsebT mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti� viTavsebT mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti�viTavsebT mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti� mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti�mis kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti� kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti�kompetencias. erTgvarad, sakonsti� erTgvarad, sakonsti�erTgvarad, sakonsti� sakonsti�sakonsti�

tucio sasamarTlo, romelic dRes ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe� sasamarTlo, romelic dRes ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe�sasamarTlo, romelic dRes ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe� romelic dRes ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe�romelic dRes ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe� dRes ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe�dRes ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe� ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe�ganyenebulia saerTo sasamarTloe� saerTo sasamarTloe�saerTo sasamarTloe� sasamarTloe�sasamarTloe�

bis sistemidan, mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs, magram ufro efeq� sistemidan, mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs, magram ufro efeq�sistemidan, mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs, magram ufro efeq� mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs, magram ufro efeq�mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs, magram ufro efeq� funqcias asrulebs, magram ufro efeq�funqcias asrulebs, magram ufro efeq� asrulebs, magram ufro efeq�asrulebs, magram ufro efeq� magram ufro efeq�magram ufro efeq� ufro efeq�ufro efeq� efeq�efeq�

tiani iqneboda am funqciebisa da uflebamosilebis gazrda. sabolood,

miviRebT qarTuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos modelis àdamianis

uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos~, romelic strasburgSi gasagzavn po� evropul sasamarTlos~, romelic strasburgSi gasagzavn po�evropul sasamarTlos~, romelic strasburgSi gasagzavn po� sasamarTlos~, romelic strasburgSi gasagzavn po�sasamarTlos~, romelic strasburgSi gasagzavn po� romelic strasburgSi gasagzavn po�romelic strasburgSi gasagzavn po� strasburgSi gasagzavn po�gasagzavn po� po�po�

tenciur saqmeebs erovnul doneze ganixilavs da Tavidan agvacilebs

mniSvnelovan darRvevebs. anu SevqmniT erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq� darRvevebs. anu SevqmniT erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq�darRvevebs. anu SevqmniT erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq� anu SevqmniT erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq�anu SevqmniT erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq� SevqmniT erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq�SevqmniT erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq� erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq�erTgvar filtrs, romelic saq� filtrs, romelic saq�filtrs, romelic saq� romelic saq�romelic saq� saq�saq�

meebs minimumamde daiyvans. TiTqmis igive funqcia akisria germaniis

federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTlos, magram, rogorc Tavad ger� sakonstitucio sasamarTlos, magram, rogorc Tavad ger�sakonstitucio sasamarTlos, magram, rogorc Tavad ger� sasamarTlos, magram, rogorc Tavad ger�sasamarTlos, magram, rogorc Tavad ger� magram, rogorc Tavad ger�magram, rogorc Tavad ger� rogorc Tavad ger�rogorc Tavad ger� Tavad ger�Tavad ger� ger�ger�

manelebi acxadeben, igi efeqtiania mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee� acxadeben, igi efeqtiania mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee�acxadeben, igi efeqtiania mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee� igi efeqtiania mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee�igi efeqtiania mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee� efeqtiania mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee�efeqtiania mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee� mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee�mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmee� sisxlis samarTlis saqmee�sisxlis samarTlis saqmee� samarTlis saqmee�samarTlis saqmee� saqmee�saqmee�

bTan dakavSirebiT, xolo rac Seexeba samoqalaqo davebs, aq isev saqme

gvaqvs kompensaciis gacemasTan da igi ar miiCneva efeqtian saSualebad.

amasTan, sasamarTloSi gadatvirTulobis Tavidan asacileblad aucile� sasamarTloSi gadatvirTulobis Tavidan asacileblad aucile�sasamarTloSi gadatvirTulobis Tavidan asacileblad aucile� gadatvirTulobis Tavidan asacileblad aucile�Tavidan asacileblad aucile� asacileblad aucile�asacileblad aucile� aucile�aucile�

beli iqneba yvela instanciis gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger� iqneba yvela instanciis gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger�iqneba yvela instanciis gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger� yvela instanciis gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger�yvela instanciis gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger� instanciis gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger�instanciis gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger� gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger�gavla, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger� rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger�rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia ger� es gaTvaliswinebulia ger�es gaTvaliswinebulia ger� gaTvaliswinebulia ger�gaTvaliswinebulia ger� ger�ger�

maniisa da espaneTis sasamarTlo praqtikaSi.

272

sayovelTao monawileobis aqtualuri sakiTxebi qarTul saarCevno kanonmdeblobaSi

nana WiRlaZe

1. Sesavali

Tanamedrove qveynebi miiswrafvian demokratiuli mmarTvelobis sru� qveynebi miiswrafvian demokratiuli mmarTvelobis sru�qveynebi miiswrafvian demokratiuli mmarTvelobis sru� miiswrafvian demokratiuli mmarTvelobis sru�miiswrafvian demokratiuli mmarTvelobis sru� demokratiuli mmarTvelobis sru�demokratiuli mmarTvelobis sru� mmarTvelobis sru�mmarTvelobis sru� sru�sru�

lyofisaken. maT udides umravlesobaSi saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis

ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanes sazomad arCevnebi iTvleba, radgan swored

misi Sedegi gansazRvravs xelisuflebis arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano� Sedegi gansazRvravs xelisuflebis arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano�Sedegi gansazRvravs xelisuflebis arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano� gansazRvravs xelisuflebis arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano�gansazRvravs xelisuflebis arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano� xelisuflebis arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano�xelisuflebis arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano� arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano�arss, moculobasa da efeqtiano� moculobasa da efeqtiano�moculobasa da efeqtiano� da efeqtiano�da efeqtiano� efeqtiano�efeqtiano�

bas. demokratiulad, nawilobriv demokratiulad Tu arademokratiulad

saxelmwifoTa gamijvna didwilad Catarebuli arCevnebis SefasebiT xdeba.

araerTi mkvlevari qveyanaTa demokratiulobis kriteriumebs Soris gansa� mkvlevari qveyanaTa demokratiulobis kriteriumebs Soris gansa�mkvlevari qveyanaTa demokratiulobis kriteriumebs Soris gansa� qveyanaTa demokratiulobis kriteriumebs Soris gansa�qveyanaTa demokratiulobis kriteriumebs Soris gansa� demokratiulobis kriteriumebs Soris gansa�demokratiulobis kriteriumebs Soris gansa� kriteriumebs Soris gansa�kriteriumebs Soris gansa� Soris gansa�Soris gansa� gansa�gansa�

kuTrebul aqcents saarCevno mimarTulebaze akeTebs.1 Jan Jak rusos miaCnia,

rom ,,WeSmaritad demokratiul yvela qveyanaSi Tanamdeboba upiratesoba

ki ara mZime tvirTia; mxolod kanons SeuZlia daakisros es valdebuleba

kenWisyriT arCeuls. aseT SemTxvevaSi pirobebi yvelasaTvis Tanabaria da

arCevani aravis adamianur nebaze damokidebuli ar aris; gamoricxulia

yovelgvari kerZo, kanonis sayovelTaoobis damrRvevi gadaxra.~2

1 magaliTad, aSS�Si xelisuflebis demokratiulobis sazomad, ZiriTadad, xuT kriteriums iyeneben, esenia: sayovelTao monawileobis principi, romelic mozrdilTa umravlesobis saarCevno procesSi monawileobas gulisxmobs; politikuri Tanasworobis principi, romel�ic xazs usvams xmis micemis saidumloebasa da yovelgvari Zaldatanebisagan Tavisuflebas; umravlesobis mmarTvelobis principi, romelic awesebs xelmZRvanelTa arCevas arCevnebis gziT, romelSic monawileobs, sul cota, ori metoqe partia; ukukavSiris principi, romelic moicavs xelisuflebis legitimurobis moqalaqeTa survilebze dafuZnebas; arsiseuli poli�tika, romelic qmnis pirobas sxva kriteriumebis cxovrebaSi gasatareblad _ subieqtTa far�To wris mier sityvis, presis, Sekrebis, religiis, gaerTianebis, sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis uflebis... da sxva ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa uzrunvelsayofad. ix. k. janda, j.m. beri, j. gold�k. janda, j.m. beri, j. gold�meni, amerikuli demokratia, aSS xelisufleba da politikuri procesi, Tb., 1995, gv. 35.

2 J.J. ruso, sazogadoebrivi xelSekruleba, Tb., 1997, gv. 106.

273


arCevnebis Sinaarsi udides gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma�arCevnebis Sinaarsi udides gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma� Sinaarsi udides gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma�Sinaarsi udides gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma� udides gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma�udides gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma� gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma�gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos moma� axdens saxelmwifos moma�axdens saxelmwifos moma� saxelmwifos moma�saxelmwifos moma� moma�moma�

val cxovrebaze. saarCevno procedurebis optimaluri samarTlebrivi

reglamentacia da organizacia SesaZlebelia safuZvlad daedos danaw� da organizacia SesaZlebelia safuZvlad daedos danaw�da organizacia SesaZlebelia safuZvlad daedos danaw� organizacia SesaZlebelia safuZvlad daedos danaw�organizacia SesaZlebelia safuZvlad daedos danaw� SesaZlebelia safuZvlad daedos danaw�SesaZlebelia safuZvlad daedos danaw� safuZvlad daedos danaw�safuZvlad daedos danaw� daedos danaw�daedos danaw� danaw�danaw�

evrebuli sazogadoebis gaerTianebas da grZelvadiani demokratiuli

stabilurobis uzrunvelyofas.

damkvidrebuli azris Tanaxmad, àrCevnebi mniSvnelovania demokrati� azris Tanaxmad, àrCevnebi mniSvnelovania demokrati�azris Tanaxmad, àrCevnebi mniSvnelovania demokrati� Tanaxmad, àrCevnebi mniSvnelovania demokrati�Tanaxmad, àrCevnebi mniSvnelovania demokrati� àrCevnebi mniSvnelovania demokrati�àrCevnebi mniSvnelovania demokrati� mniSvnelovania demokrati�mniSvnelovania demokrati� demokrati�demokrati�

isaTvis, radgan proceduruli demokratiis sami normatiuli principis

saSualebiT mas SeuZlia, samTavrobo procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins� mas SeuZlia, samTavrobo procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins�mas SeuZlia, samTavrobo procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins� SeuZlia, samTavrobo procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins�SeuZlia, samTavrobo procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins� samTavrobo procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins�samTavrobo procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins� procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins�procesSi moaxdinos masebis ins� moaxdinos masebis ins�moaxdinos masebis ins� masebis ins�masebis ins� ins�

titucionalizacia. saarCevno wesebi adgens: 1. vis aqvs xmis ufleba;

2. ramdenad fasobs TiToeulis xma; 3. ramdeni xmaa saWiro gamarjvebis

mosapoveblad.~3 dasaxelebuli triadidan statiis ganxilvis sagani ar�dasaxelebuli triadidan statiis ganxilvis sagani ar� triadidan statiis ganxilvis sagani ar�triadidan statiis ganxilvis sagani ar� statiis ganxilvis sagani ar�statiis ganxilvis sagani ar� ganxilvis sagani ar�ganxilvis sagani ar� sagani ar�sagani ar� ar�ar�

CevnebSi monawileobis uflebaa. qveyanaSi mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde� monawileobis uflebaa. qveyanaSi mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde�monawileobis uflebaa. qveyanaSi mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde� uflebaa. qveyanaSi mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde�uflebaa. qveyanaSi mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde� qveyanaSi mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde�qveyanaSi mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde� mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde�mimdinare saarCevno kanonmde� saarCevno kanonmde�saarCevno kanonmde� kanonmde�kanonmde�

blobis reformis fonze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel� reformis fonze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel�reformis fonze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel� fonze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel�fonze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel� gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel�gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel� mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel�mniSvneloba eniWeba sayovel� eniWeba sayovel�eniWeba sayovel� sayovel�sayovel�

Tao saarCevno uflebis srulyofil samarTlebriv reglamentacias, im

rekomendaciebis analizsa da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gaTvaliswinebas,

romlebsac saerTaSoriso organizaciebi uweven saqarTvelos, rac, sxva

faqtorebTan erTad, arCevnebis samarTliani Sedegis erTgvari garantiaa.

2. sayovelTao monawileobis arsi da mniSvneloba

arCevnebi sazogadoebis cxovrebis fokusSi imyofeba da mudmivad mis

wevrTa gansakuTrebuli interesis sagania. S. monteskies azriT, igi ̀ ise� gansakuTrebuli interesis sagania. S. monteskies azriT, igi ̀ ise�gansakuTrebuli interesis sagania. S. monteskies azriT, igi ̀ ise� interesis sagania. S. monteskies azriT, igi ̀ ise�interesis sagania. S. monteskies azriT, igi ̀ ise� sagania. S. monteskies azriT, igi ̀ ise�sagania. S. monteskies azriT, igi ̀ ise� igi ̀ ise�igi ̀ ise� ̀ ise�ìse�

Ti formaa, romelic... yovel moqalaqes utovebs Tavisi samSoblosaTvis

samsaxuris gawevis gonivrul imeds,~4 saSualebas aZlevs moqalaqeebs,

monawileoba miiRon politikur procesebsa da, zogadad, saxelmwifos

cxovrebaSi.

arCevnebSi sazogadoebis monawileoba, pirvel rigSi, sayovelTao

saarCevno uflebis realizaciiT xdeba. `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin� uflebis realizaciiT xdeba. `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin�uflebis realizaciiT xdeba. `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin� realizaciiT xdeba. `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin�realizaciiT xdeba. `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin� xdeba. `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin�xdeba. `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin� `sayovelTao arCevnebis prin�`sayovelTao arCevnebis prin�

cipi gulisxmobs, rom yvela adamians aqvs ufleba, xma misces da kenWi

iyaros arCevnebSi.~5 amerikuli demokratiis mkvlevarTa SexedulebiT,

3 k. janda, j.m. beri, j. goldmeni, amerikuli demokratia, aSS xelisufleba da politikuri procesi, Tb., 1995, gv. 165.

4 S. monteskie, kanonTa goni, wigni ��, Tavi ��, 40, Tb., 1994.5 saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, 1.1., veneciis komisia, CDL-

AD(2002)023rev; 13 noemberi, 2002.

274

nana WiRlaZe

`demokratiuli xelisuflebis mizania, politikur monawileobas misc�

es konvenciuri xasiaTi _ misces rigiT moqalaqeebs saSualeba imisa,

rom SedarebiT Cveulebrivi, usafrTxo moqmedebiT (pirvel rigSi, kan�

didatebisaTvis arCevnebSi xmis micemiT) aiZulos mTavroba, yuradReba

miaqcios maT interesebs da moTxovnebs.~6 saarCevno ufleba, rogorc

wesi, moqalaqeobidan gamomdinare uflebebis ganxorcielebis erT�erTi

yvelaze TvalsaCino formaa, pirovnulobisa da Rirsebis gamoxatvis

efeqtiani saSualebaa.

filip lovos azriT, „klasikurma demokratiam, romelmac daakanona

liberalizmis primati demokratiaze, an, Tu gnebavT, Tavisuflebis

ufleba Tanasworobaze, sayovelTao saarCevno ufleba sakmaod nela

SemoiRo. man fexi moikida rogorc bunebrivi Tanasworobis principis

logikurma finalma, romelic V�� saukunis bolos gamoixata pirovnebis

Tavisuflebis principis prioritetSi. TiToeulis Tavisufleba rac

SeiZleba metad unda iyos gamoxatuli, yvela erTnairad unda iyos Ta�

visufali. aqedan gamomdinare, yvelam Tanabrad unda miiRos monawil�

eoba mmarTvelTa Tavisufal arCevnebSi~.7 aRniSnulis sakanonmdeblo da

praqtikuli realizacia araerTi qveynis, maT Soris saqarTvelos, sap�

rogramo amocanaa.

3. sayovelTao monawileobis saerTaSoriso standartebi

sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis optimaluri reglamentacia didi xa�

nia, gascda calkeuli saxelmwifos interess da saerTaSoriso struq�

turebis zrunvis sagani gaxda. saerTaSoriso standartebis Seqmnis idea,

Tavdapirvelad, martivad realizebadi ar aRmoCnda. sirTules qmnida

am uflebis, iseve rogorc, zogadad, saarCevno procedurebis reguli�

rebis mikuTvneba saxelmwifos suverenitetis sferosaTvis. dResdReo�

biT ki saarCevno uflebis saerTaSoriso standartebi misi srulyofili

realizaciis garantiad iTvleba da, Sesabamisad, erovnul kanonmdeblo�

baSi maTi inicirebisa da implementaciis aucileblobas qmnis.

6 k. janda, j.m. beri, j. goldmeni, amerikuli demokratia, aSS xelisufleba da politikuri procesi, Tb., 1995, gv. 160.

7 f. lovo, Tanamedrove didi demokratiebi, Tb., 1990, gv. 56.

275


udavoa, arCevnebis sayovelTaoobis saerTaSoriso standartebis regu�sayovelTaoobis saerTaSoriso standartebis regu� saerTaSoriso standartebis regu�

lirebisaTvis sruliad gamorCeuli datvirTva aqvs adamianis uflebaTa

da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis

me�3 muxls, romelSic xazgasmulia, rom ,,maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebi

kisruloben valdebulebas, gonivruli periodulobiT Caataron Tavisu�

fali arCevnebi faruli kenWisyriT iseT pirobebSi, rogoric sakanonmdeb�

lo organoebis arCevisas uzrunvelyofs xalxis neba�survilis Tavisufal

gamoxatvas.~8 am normis ganmartebis procesSi iqmneba adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlos mdidari praqtika, romelic, k. korkelias azriT,

èvropuli konvenciis debulebaTa avtoritetuli ganmartebacaa.~9

demokratiuli arCevnebis saerTaSoriso standartebis Semcvel do�

kumentebs Soris mniSvnelovania gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao

deklaracia, romlis 21�e muxli calsaxad ganixilavs arCevnebiT gamoxatul

xalxis nebas mmarTvelobis uflebamosilebis safuZvlad.10 samoqalaqo da

politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti mianiSnebs yvela moqalaqis

uflebasa da SesaZleblobaze, miscen xma da arCeul iqnnen iseT sayovelTao

arCevnebSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs amomrCevelTa nebis Tavisufal gamov�

lenas.11 diskriminaciis yovelgvari faqtis, maT Soris saarCevno uflebis

SezRudvis, winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli araerTi konvencia, romelic

monawile saxelmwifoebs mouwodebs, yvela piroba Seqmnan politikur da

sajaro cxovrebaSi yvela piris Tanabar pirobebSi monawileobisaTvis. mag�

aliTad: konvenciebi rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciis

Sesaxeb,12 qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciis Sesaxeb13 da a.S.

8 adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi, 20 marti, 1952. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, nawili ��, red. berZeniSvili, Tb., 2001.

9 k. korkelia, i. qurdaZe, adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis mixedviT, Tb., 2004, gv. 45.

10 ix. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, 21�e muxli, 10 dekemberi, 1948. adamianis ufle�baTa sferoSi ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, nawili �, Tb, 2001.

11 ix. saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb, 25�e muxli, 16 dekemberi, 1966. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqte�bis krebuli, nawili �, Tb, 2001.

12 ix. konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciis Sesaxeb, 21 dekemberi, 1965. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebu�li, nawili �, Tb, 2001.

13 ix. konvencia qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciis Sesaxeb, 18 dekemberi, 1979. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, na�wili �, Tb, 2001.

276

nana WiRlaZe

demokratiuli arCevnebis sarekomendacio wesebis Semcvel doku�

mentebs Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania evropis sabWos saparla�

mento asambleis evropuli komisia demokratiisaTvis samarTlis meS�

veobiT (veneciis komisia) 2002 wlis 18�19 oqtombers 52�e sxdomaze

miRebuli saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, romelic moicavs saxelmZRvane�

lo miTiTebebsa da ganmartebiT moxsenebas. miTiTebuli dokumenti

araerTi evropuli saxelmwifos saarCevno kanonmdeblobis safuZveli

aRmoCnda. igi gansazRvravs yuradsaReb rekomendaciaTa mTel rigs,

maT Soris sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis nawilSi, romelTanac, ro�

gorc wesi, qarTuli saarCevno kanonmdeblobis morgeba drois udavo

moTxovnaa.

4. sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis SezRudvebi

demokratiuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, xmis micemis ufleba yvelas unda

hqondes. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom igi ar aris universaluri, abso�

luturi ufleba. saarCevno normaTa kodeqsis Tanaxmad, ès ufleba

SeiZleba, da marTebulic aris, eqvemdebarebodes garkveul pirobebs.~14

miuxedavad arCevnebis sayovelTaoobis saerTaSoriso standartebis ar�sayovelTaoobis saerTaSoriso standartebis ar� saerTaSoriso standartebis ar�

sebobisa, sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi am uflebis gansxvavebuli reglamen�

tacia xdeba, Sesabamisad, gansxvavebuli raodenobisa da Sinaarsis saa�

rCevno cenzebi moqmedebs. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia, rom `saxelmwifos saarCevno uflebis

ganxorcielebaze SezRudvebis dadgenis farTo zRvari aqvs miniWebuli.

mas SeuZlia SezRudvas dauqvemdebaros rogorc aqtiuri, ise pasiuri

saarCevno ufleba, Tumca es SezRudvebi TviTneburi ar unda iyos. Ta�

visufali arCevnebis uflebis ganxorcielebaze SezRudvebi dasaSvebia

mxolod maSin, Tu isini gonivrulia. demokratiis Tanamedrove gagebis

Tanaxmad, saarCevno uflebis farglebSi jer kidev aqvs adgili gamor�

icxvis princips, anu qveynis kanonmdeblobis mier im kategoriis pirTa

CamonaTvalis gakeTebas, romelic saarCevno uflebiT ar sargeblobs...

Tavisufali arCevnebis uflebaze arsebuli SezRudvebi ar SeiZleba

14 saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, 1.1, veneciis komisia, CDL-AD(2002)023rev; 13 noemberi 2002.

277


Sefasdes rogorc raime diskriminacia.~15 evropuli sasamarTlo am mov�

lenas adarebs oTaxs, romelSi Sesvlazec SeiZleba dawesdes SezRudvebi

da xelSemkvrel mxareebs unda mieceT moqmedebis farTo SesaZlebloba

am sferoSi.16 amomrCevelTa saarCevno uflebis maqsimalurad sru�

lyofilad uzrunvelmyofi garantiebis Sesaqmnelad Zalian didi mniS�

vneloba aqvs calkeuli saxelmwifos realobas. evropuli konvenciis

damatebiTi oqmis mesame muxli unda Sefasdes qveynis politikuri evo�

luciis Sesabamisad, radgan maxasiaTebeli, romelic SeiZleba miuRebe�

li iyos erTi sistemisaTvis, gamarTlebul iqnes meoreSi.17 SezRudvebs

saxelmwifo gansazRvravs Tavisi istoriuli fonis, kulturuli mra�

valferovnebisa da politikuri realobis gaTvaliswinebiT. saxelmwi�

fomac da evropulma sasamarTlomac SezRudva ise unda ganaxorcielos,

rom saarCevno uflebas ar waarTvas Tavisi arsi da efeqturoba.18 Sez�

Rudvam SeuZlebeli ar unda gaxados uflebis ganxorcieleba, unda

hqondes legitimuri mizani da ar unda iyos araproporciuli.19 amasTan,

mniSvnelovania principebis `ZiriTadi birTvis~ gansazRvra, romelic

evropis yvela saxelmwifom ganuxrelad unda daicvas.20 istoriis kuT�istoriis kuT� kuT�kuT�

vnileba gaxda is periodi, rodesac saarCevno uflebis mopovebisaTvis

Tavganwiruli brZola uwevdaT sazogadoebis calkeul jgufebs.21 dRes

mkveTrad gamoxatulia saarCevno cenzebis minimizaciis tendencia. ar� gamoxatulia saarCevno cenzebis minimizaciis tendencia. ar�gamoxatulia saarCevno cenzebis minimizaciis tendencia. ar� saarCevno cenzebis minimizaciis tendencia. ar�saarCevno cenzebis minimizaciis tendencia. ar� cenzebis minimizaciis tendencia. ar�tendencia. ar� ar�ar�

sebobs sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis reglamentaciasa da realizaci� sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis reglamentaciasa da realizaci�sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis reglamentaciasa da realizaci� saarCevno uflebis reglamentaciasa da realizaci�saarCevno uflebis reglamentaciasa da realizaci� uflebis reglamentaciasa da realizaci�uflebis reglamentaciasa da realizaci� reglamentaciasa da realizaci�reglamentaciasa da realizaci� da realizaci�da realizaci� realizaci�realizaci�

15 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, saqarTvelos konservatiuli (monarqistuli) partiis Tavmjdomare T. JorJoliani da i. giorgaZis amomrCevelTa saini�ciativo jgufi saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, 2/3/250�269, 9 ivlisi, 2004.

16 ix. Mathieu-Mohin and Clerfayt v. Belgium, A, no. 113, p.23-52, ECHR 2/03 1987.17 ix. Podkolzina v. Latvia, no. 46726/99-33, ECHR 11/2002.18 ix. Lykourezos v. Greece, no 33554/03, ECHR 15/06 2006.19 ix. Willis v. the United Kingdom, no. 36042/97, 39, ECHR 06/2002.20 ix. saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, ganmartebiTi moxseneba, �.4, veneciis komisia, CDL-AD(2002)023rev;

13 noemberi, 2002.21 miuxedavad imisa, rom aSS�Si jer kidev 1870 wels konstituciis me�15 SesworebiT aekrZa�

laT Statebs saarCevno xmis uflebaze uaris Tqma rasis, kanis feris... gamo, Savkanianebi�saTvis arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis miniWeba didi xnis Semdeg or etapad moxda: �. uzenaesma sasamarTlom 1944 wels erT�erTi procesis dros (saqmeze _ smiTi olsaiTis wi�naaRmdeg) daadgina, rom is kanonebi, romlebic Savkanianebs arCevnebSi monawileobas ukrZa�lavda (gadasaxadebis, sakuTrebis moTxovnis valdebulebiT saarCevno uflebis mopovebas), arakonstituciuri iyo da ��. 20 wlis SualediT, e.w. `sisxliani kviradRis~ xuTi Tvis Sem�deg, miRebul iqna aqti ,,saarCevno uflebebis Sesaxeb~, romelmac gaauqma diskriminaciuli wesebi. qalebmac didi dro moandomes saarCevno uflebis mopovebas. `safrejistebad~ cno�bilma pirvelma feministma qalebma es ufleba udidesi ZalisxmeviT 1869 wels miiRes.

278

nana WiRlaZe

asTan dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxebi, romlebzec gansxvavebulia

saerTaSoriso praqtika da xSirad optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu� praqtika da xSirad optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu�praqtika da xSirad optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu� da xSirad optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu�da xSirad optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu� xSirad optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu�xSirad optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu� optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu�optimaluri gamosavlis moZebna rTu� gamosavlis moZebna rTu�gamosavlis moZebna rTu� moZebna rTu�moZebna rTu� rTu�rTu�

lia. swored aseTi sakiTxebi ganixileba qvemoT.

5. msjavrdebulTa saarCevno ufleba

dRevandel msoflioSi erTmniSvnelovani damokidebuleba, msja�

vrdebulis saarCevno uflebasTan dakavSirebiT ar arsebobs. gansx�

vavebulia praqtikac, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom qveyanaTa erT nawil�

Si msjavrdebul pirebs arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba akrZaluli

aqvT, meore nawilSi gaaCniaT, xolo mesame nawilSi mxolod zogi�

erTi danaSaulis CadenisTvis CamoerTmevaT. erTi mxriv, patimarTa

uflebebis dacvaze zrunvis gaaqtiureba, xolo meore mxriv, kiTxvis

niSnebi misi CamorTmevis dasabuTebis irgvliv, savaraudod, qarTul

realobaSic daayenebs Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis gadaxedvis

sakiTxs. saqarTvelos ZiriTadi kanonis Sesabamisi normidan ga�

momdinare, àrCevnebsa da referendumSi monawileobis ufleba ara

aqvs moqalaqes, romelic... sasamarTlos ganaCeniT imyofeba sasje� sasamarTlos ganaCeniT imyofeba sasje�sasamarTlos ganaCeniT imyofeba sasje�

lis aRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi.~22 saarCevno kanonmdeblobaSic si�

tyvasityviT ganmeorda konstituciis es norma.23 sisxlis samarT�

lis saproceso kodeqsSi ki dazustda dakavebuli, dapatimrebuli

da samedicino dawesebulebaSi eqpertizisaTvis moTavsebuli piris

arCevnebSi monawileobis SesaZlebloba.24 qarTuli sakanonmdeblo

bazis analizi saSualebas iZleva, gakeTdes daskvna, rom saarCevno

uflebis CamorTmevisaTvis saWiroa, sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli

ganaCeniT piri imyofebodes sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi. mo�sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi. mo� dawesebulebaSi. mo�

cemuli pirobebis arsebobisas SezRudva xorcieldeba avtomatu�

rad da sasamarTlos misi CamorTmevis Sesaxeb damatebiTi gadaw�

yvetilebis uflebamosileba ar akisria.

22 saqarTvelos konstitucia, 1995 wlis 24 agvisto, 28�e muxli, me�2 punqti. 23 ix. saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto,

me�5 muxli, me�2 nawili.24 ix. saqarTvelos kanoni _ saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 1998 wlis

20 Tebervali, 136�e muxli, me�3 nawili.

279


5.1. veneciis komisia msjavrdebulTa saarCevno uflebasTan

dakavSirebiT

veneciis komisiam sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis gamonaklisebze msj�

elobisas gansazRvra rogorc pasiuri, ise aqtiuri saarCevno uflebis

CamorTmevis SesaZlebloba. msjavrdebulTa saarCevno uflebis ganx�

ilvisas daadgina, rom „saarCevno uflebis CamorTmeva motivirebuli

unda iyos piris... sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulad cnobiT mZime da� sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulad cnobiT mZime da�sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulad cnobiT mZime da�

naSaulis CadenisaTvis.~25 sxva sityvebiT, veneciis komisia mouwodebs

wevr saxelmwifoebs, faqizad moekidon msjavrdebulTaTvis saarCevno

uflebis CamorTmevas da aseTi gamonaklisi daaweson mxolod `mZime da�

naSaulis~ arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. niSandoblivia veneciis komisiis mier

Camoyalibebuli pozicia qarTuli saarCevno kanonmdeblobiT gansaz�

Rvrul dasaxelebul SezRudvasTan dakavSirebiT. `...saarCevno uflebis

CamorTmeva dafuZnebulia nebismier sasjelze, miuxedavad Cadenili

danaSaulis simZimisa... adamianis uflebebis evropulma sasamarTlom

daadgina, rom msjavrdebulTaTvis xmis micemis uflebis sayovelTao

SezRudva, ̀ maTi ganaCenis vadis, maT mier Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTis,

simZimisa da piradi garemoebebis gauTvaliswineblad~, iwvevs adamia�

nis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli

konvenciis 1�li oqmis me�3 muxlis darRvevas.~26 rogorc Cans, veneciis

komisiam araerTxel pirdapir miuTiTa saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsis

me�5 muxlis me�2 nawilis evropul konvenciasTan Seusabamobaze da Ca� muxlis me�2 nawilis evropul konvenciasTan Seusabamobaze da Ca�me�2 nawilis evropul konvenciasTan Seusabamobaze da Ca� nawilis evropul konvenciasTan Seusabamobaze da Ca�

moayaliba rekomendacia Sesabamisi normis `saTanadod~ SecvlasTan da�

kavSirebiT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoaRniSnuli rekomendaciebis Semdeg moqmed

saarCevno kodeqsSi araerTi cvlileba Sevida, sasjelaRsrulebis dawe�sasjelaRsrulebis dawe� dawe�

sebulebaSi myofi pirebisaTvis saarCevno uflebis SemzRudavi norma

ucvleli darCa. savaraudod, mizezi am sakiTxis konstituciur doneze

mowesrigebis realobaa da, Sesabamisad, rekomendaciis gasaTvaliswine�

blad konstituciuri cvlilebis aucilebloba, rac, rasakvirvelia,

25 saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, 1.1 `d~, �V, veneciis komisia, CDL-AD(2002)023rev; 13 noemberi 2002.

26 erToblivi mosazrebebi saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsze, 63. veneciis komisia, CDL-AD(2006)037, 19 dekemberi 2006; aseve, CDL(2009–01, 9 ianvari, 2009.

280

nana WiRlaZe

sirTuleebTanaa dakavSirebuli. sakonstitucio da saarCevno kanonmde�

blobis reformirebis dRevandel etapze aRniSnul problemebze gadaw�

yvetilebis miReba Zalian mniSvnelovania.

5.2. ZiriTadi argumentebi da kontrargumentebi msjavrdebulis

saarCevno uflebasTan dakavSirebiT

rogorc wesi, msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gamoikveTa sasjelaR�

srulebis dawesebulebaSi myofi pirebisTvis saTanado pirobebis Sesaqm�

nelad zrunvis tendencia. iseT saxelmwifoebSic ki, rogoric, magali�

Tad, samxreT afrikaa, arsebobs sakonstitucio sasamarTlos saintereso

praqtika msjavrdebulTa uflebebTan dakavSirebiT. iq mianiSneben, rom

`jer kidev konstitucionalizmamde arsebuli principia patimrebisaT�

vis piradi Rirsebisa da yvela im uflebis qona, romelic droebiT ar

ezRudebaT kanoniT... ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia patimarTa pi�

rad uflebebsa da TavisuflebebSi iseTi SeWra, rasac iwvevs patimroba.

maT aRar gaaCniaT gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba da ara aqvT arCevanis

Tavisufleba sasjelaRsrulebis adgilmdebareobasTan mimarTebiT.

maTi kontaqti garesamyarosTan SezRuduli da regulirebulia... miuxe�

davad amisa, patimrebs unarCundebaT uflebaTa mniSvnelovani nawili,

romlis CamorTmevac dauSvebelia.~ ùkugdebulia mcdari Sexeduleba

imis Sesaxeb, rom cixis sazRvris gadakveTis Semdgom yvela arsebuli

uflebis CamorTmeva da patimrobis vadis gasvlamde mxolod im ufle�

baTa moTxovnis SesaZlebloba, romelTa Sesaxeb konkretuli debulebis

moZieba SeiZleba cixis Sesaxeb sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi~. `patimarTa

uflebebis sazRvrebi da Sinaarsi unda dadgindes ara mxolod Sesabam�

is kanonmdeblobasTan mimarTebiT, aramed zogadi samarTliT gaTval�

iswinebul adamianis ganusxvisebel uflebaTa konteqstSic.~27

ra mizans SeiZleba isaxavdes msjavrdebulebisaTvis saarCevno

uflebis CamorTmeva? ra safrTxe SeiZleba axldes TavisuflebaaRkveTi�

li piris mier saarCevno uflebis gamoyenebas? qarTul saarCevno samar�

TalSi aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT ganixileba rigi argumentebisa da

27 ix. gadawyvetilebebi saqmeebze: Minister of Justice v. Hofmeyer, 1993 930 SA 131(A) 139j-140B.; Woods v. Minister of Iustice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs 1995 (1) SA 703 (ZSC). August and another v. Electoral Commission and others, CCT8/99ZACC 3;1999 (3) SA I; 1999)(4) BCLR 363.

281


sadavo xdeba SezRudvis marTlzomierebis sakiTxi.28 dava exeba, rogorc

wesi, aqtiur saarCevno uflebas, radgan pasiuri saarCevno uflebis

realizacia, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlebelia sasjelaRsrulebis daweseb�

ulebaSi. „aseTi SezRudva efuZneba saxelmwifo uSiSroebis interesebs.

Tumca SeiZleba sadiskusio iyos sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba am

SezRudvis mizani arCeul saSualebas. arsebobs Teoriuli Sansi, rom

msjavrdebuli pirebis mier saarCevno uflebis realizaciam xeli Seu�

wyos xelisuflebis arCeviT organoSi iseTi piris mosvlas, romelic

saxelmwifoebrivi interesebisaTvis arcTu ise morgebuli iqneba. Tumca

problemis mosagvareblad aqtiuri saarCevno uflebis CamorTmevis al�

ternativad SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes pasiuri saarCevno uflebisaTvis

iseTi cenzebis daweseba, romlebic Rirseul kandidatTa registraciis

maqsimalur garantias iZleva.

msjavrdebulebisaTvis saarCevno uflebis CamorTmevis momxreebi Tv�

lian, rom amomrCevels gaazrebuli arCevanis gasakeTeblad esaWiroe�

ba gadawyvetilebisaTvis saWiro maqsimaluri informaciis miReba, maT

Soris mediasaSualebebidan, saarCevno kampaniis sivrceSi moqceva, rac

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi, sruli moculobiT, SeuZlebelia.

Sesabamisad, nebis realuri gamovlenac kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba. es

argumentic, garkveulwilad, sadavoa. erTgvar informaciul vakuumSi

SeiZleba imyofebodnen aseve stacionarul�samkurnalo dawesebulebeb�

Si myofi pirebi, sazRvargareT myofi moqalaqeebi. maTac unda CamoerT�

vaT arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba? dResdReobiT, penitenciarul

sistemaSi mimdinare reformis fonze aRniSnuli saSiSroebis albaToba

mkveTrad Semcirebulia, ramdenadac msjavrdebuli pirebisaTvis komu�

nikaciis saSualebebi dRiTidRe xelmisawvdomia.

argumentad iyeneben imasac, rom pirma iseTi simZimis samarTaldar�

Rvevis CadeniT, romelsac Sedegad misi sasjelaRsrulebis daweseb�

ulebaSi moTavseba mohyva, Tavad daayena Tavi sazogadoebis miRma da

am sazogadoebisaTvis mis mier xelisufalis arCeva logikuri araa.

zogjer aqcents moralur aspeqtebzec akeTeben. udavoa, rom piri dana�

Saulis CadeniT upirispirdeba sazogadoebas. swored amitom aRekveTeba

mas Tavisufleba da eZleva SesaZlebloba, gaacnobieros Tavisi qmedebis

28 ix. l. izoria, k. korkelia, k. kublaSvili, g. xubua, saqarTvelos konstituciis komentar�ebi, adamianis ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisuflebani, Tb., 2005, gv. 255.

282

nana WiRlaZe

saSiSroeba, moaxdinos sakuTari Tavis reabilitacia. paralelurad,

kidev erTi `sasjeli~ _ saarCevno xmis uflebis CamorTmeva _ samar�

Tlianobisa da humanurobis farglebs scildeba.

sisxlis samarTali icnobs samarTlianobis princips. sasjeli samar�

Tlianobis aRdgenis saSualebaa. saarCevno uflebis CamorTmevisas Sei�

Zleba Tu ara, saubari iyos samarTlianobis aRdgenaze? _ savaraudod,

ara, radgan samarTlianobis aRdgena argumentia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu piri msjavrdebuli iqneboda swored im normebis darRvevisaTvis,

romlebic saarCevno wesebs ukavSirdeba. sisxlissamarTlebrivi darRve�

vis Cadena, romlis drosac xdeba saarCevno xmis CamorTmeva, mxolod

gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi ukavSirdeba arCevnebs. ganurCevlad danaSau�

lis xasiaTis, simZimis, ganaCenis vadisa, TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri�

saTvis arCevnebSi monawileobis uflebis CamorTmeva samarTlianobis

aRdgenaze ar miuTiTebs.

mniSvnelovania sasjelis im mizanze apelireba, romelsac resocial�

izacia hqvia da sasjelis Semdgom periodSi piris sazogadoebaSi sru�

lyofil wevrad asimilirebas gulisxmobs. es procesi rTuldeba, Tu

TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri srul izolaciaSi aRmoCndeba. sasjelaR�

srulebis dawesebulebaSic individi ar unda iyos sazogadoebisagan

srulad izolirebuli. amitom nebismieri danaSaulis Cadenis gamo ms�

javrdebulisaTvis saarCevno uflebis CamorTmeva ver uzrunvelyofs

masSi pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis aRdgenas, xels SeuSlis resocial�

izacias da uSedegoa danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.29

penitenciarul dawesebulebaSi arCevnebis organizaciis sirTulec

ar SeiZleba gaxdes msjavrdebulebisaTvis xmis CamorTmevis argumenti.

radgan patimarTa raodenoba xSiri gadaTvlisa da yuradRebis sagania,

amitom komisiisTvis Zneli ar iqneba im pirTa daregistrireba da xmis

micemis uzrunvelyofa maTTvis, vinc uflebamosilia, ganaxorcielos

saarCevno ufleba.30 msjavrdebulTa saarCevno xmis dasacavad SeiZleba

gamoyenebul iqnes gayalbebasTan brZolis zogadi wesebi.

29 ix. gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ Hirst v. The United Kingdom ,no.2, 6/10, 2005. 30 ix. August and Another v. Electoral Commission and others, CCT8/99ZACC 3;1999 (3) SA I; 1999)

(4) BCLR 363.

283


5.3. magaliTi msjavrdebuli piris saarCevno uflebasTan

dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo praqtikidan

Zalze mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ hirsti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg,

romelSic xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom arCevnebis uflebis sayovelTao

SezRudva aris araTanazomieri da dausabuTebeli, Tu is erTnairad vr�

celdeba yvela msjavrdebulze, mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba danaSaulis

xasiaTi, simZime an sxva garemoebebi. TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa pa�

suxismgeblobis asamaRleblad damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT xmis uflebis

CamorTmeva marTebuli ar aris. is faqti, rom msjavrdebuls SezRudu�

li aqvs Tavisufleba, ar niSnavs, rom aseve unda SeezRudos evropuli

konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli danarCeni uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi.

ar arsebobs logikuri kavSiri xmis micemis uflebis dakargvasa da Ta�

visuflebis aRkveTis sasjelis dakisrebas Soris. evropulma sasamarT�

lom CaTvala, rom saxelmwifos msgavsi politika xels SeuSlis msja�

vrdebulTa, rogorc sazogadoebis kanonmorCili wevrebis, Semdgom re�

abilitacias.31

6. moqalaqeoba _ sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis aucilebeli piroba?

Tanamedrove saarCevno samarTali saarCevno uflebas calsaxad qveynis

moqalaqeebisaTvis gankuTvnil uflebad aRar ganixilavs. veneciis komi�

siis rekomendaciebSi xazgasmulia SesaZlebloba, rom `...qveyanaSi garkveu�

li xniT cxovrebis Semdeg mizanSewonilia, ucxoelebs eZleodeT ufleba,

monawileoba miiRon adgilobriv arCevnebSi.~32 ufro met detalizacias ax�

dens da aseTi uflebis mosapoveblad ucxoelis qveyanaSi cxovrebis vada�

sac gansazRvravs evropis sabWos konvencia adgilobriv doneze ucxoelTa

sazogadoebriv�politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, romelSic

xazgasmulia, rom konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen

31 ix. Hirst v. The United Kingdom, no.2, 6/10, 2005. 32 saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, ��, `b~, veneciis komisia, CDL-

AD(2002)023rev; 13 noemberi, 2002.

284

nana WiRlaZe

yvela ucxoeli rezidentisaTvis adgilobrivi xelisuflebis arCevnebSi

xmis micemisa da saarCevno subieqtad yofnis uflebas im pirobiT, Tu re�

zidenti akmayofilebs imave samarTlebriv moTxovnebs, romlebic waeyeneba

moqalaqe rezidentebs da Tu rezidenti kanonierad cxovrobs qveyanaSi

arCevnebamde aranakleb xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.33 adgilobrivi donis ar�

Cevnebze apelireba, ra Tqma unda, logikuria, ramdenadac adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebis mizani municipalitetebsa da TviTm�

marTvel qalaqebSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis adgilobrivi mniSvn�

elobis sakiTxebis gadawyvetaa maTive interesebis Sesabamisad. saqarT�

velos moqalaqeebTan erTad, ucxoelebisaTvis (Tu konstituciur termins

gamoviyenebT `yvelasaTvis~) konstituciiT miniWebuli sacxovrebeli ad�

gilis Tavisuflad arCevis ufleba34 e.w. `mkvdar normas~ daemsgavseba, maT

mier adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebSi monawileobis

uflebis gareSe. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sinaarsis Tavisebure�

bidan gamomdinare, miTiTebuli normebi realizebulia araerT qveyanaSi.

saarCevno kanonmdeblobis mimdinare reformis fonze miRebul unda iqnes

sakmaod Tamami, magram drouli da logikuri, gadawyvetileba ucxoelebi�

saTvis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebSi monawile�

obis uflebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. aseve saarCevno kodeqsSi unda Camoyalib�

des daTqma aseTi pirebisaTvis xmis uflebis mosapoveblad Sesabamis teri�

toriaze garkveuli periodiT savaldebulo binadrobasTan dakavSirebiT.

sasurvelia, Sesabamis teritoriaze cxovrebis xangrZlivoba, msoflioSi

damkvidrebuli praqtikis analogiurad, ganisazRvros xuTwliani vadiT.

bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva _ ucxoelebisaTvis adgilobrivi TviT�

mmarTvelobis arCevnebSi monawileobis SesaZlebloba erTnairad unda

gavrceldes Tu ara aqtiur da pasiur saarCevno uflebaze? dasaxele�

buli konvencia calsaxad aqcentirebs sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis

orive mimarTulebaze. TavisTavad cxadia, is argumentebi, romlebic

ucxoelebs SesaZleblobas aniWebs, monawileoba miiRon adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebSi, logikuria orive SemTxveva�

Si, razec pirdapir mianiSnebs miTiTebuli konvencia.

33 ix. evropis sabWos konvencia adgilobriv doneze ucxoelTa sazogadoebriv�politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, 1992, me�6 muxli, 1�li nawili, ETS 144.

34 saqarTvelos moqmedi konstituciis 22�e muxlis Tanaxmad, „yvelas, vinc kanonierad imy�ofeba saqarTveloSi, aqvs qveynis mTel teritoriaze Tavisufali mimosvlisa da sacxovre�beli adgilis Tavisufali arCevis ufleba.~

285


7. veneciis komisiis rekomendacia binadrobis cenzTan dakavSirebiT

mas Semdeg, rac adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sinaarsi qarTuli

realobisaTvis axlobeli gaxda, misi logikidan gamomdinare, Sesabamisi

saarCevno kanonmdeblobis im nawilis axleburi mowesrigebis aucile�

blobac gaCnda, romelic mosaxleobis TviTmmarTveli erTeulis teri�

toriaze erTgvari `mijaWvis~ aucileblobas gulisxmobs. bunebrivia, am

mimarTulebiT veneciis komisiis is rekomendacia, romlis Tanaxmadac,

èrT adgilze garkveuli cxovrebis xandazmulobis moTxovna amomrCev�

lebis mimarT SeiZleba dawesdes mxolod adgilobrivi an regionuli

arCevnebis SemTxvevaSi,~35 aqtualuria. veneciis komisia adgens imasac,

rom daTqma binadrobis vadaze àr unda aRematebodes eqvs Tves~.36 moq�

medi saarCevno kanonmdeblobiT, moqalaqes pasiuri saarCevno uflebis

mopovebisaTvis moeTxoveba, rom igi registrirebuli iyos Sesabamisi

sakrebulos teritoriaze.37 aqtiuri saarCevno uflebis SemTxvevaSi bi�

nadrobis cenzTan dakavSirebuli daTqma ar arsebobs, rac, savaraudod,

kvlav sacxovrebeli adgilis arCevis TavisuflebiT aixsneba. pasiuri

saarCevno uflebis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi cenzis dadgenisas, gaTval�

iswinebul unda iqnes veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebSi gawerili bi�

nadrobis moTxovnis maqsimaluri vada, raTa metad iyos garantirebuli

àdgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebisa~ da àdgilobrivi mosaxleobis

interesebis~ siaxlove yvela kandidatTan.

8. samxedro mosamsaxureTa saarCevno uflebis Taviseburebebi

msoflio saarCevno samarTalSi ar arsebobs erTgvarovani praqti�

ka samxedro mosamsaxureTa arCevnebSi monawileobis sakiTxTan dakav�

SirebiT. saqarTvelos saarCevno kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul pirTa

35 saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, ��, `g~, �V, veneciis komisia, CDL-AD(2002)023rev; 13 noemberi, 2002.

36 iqve.37 ix. saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto,

109�e muxli, 1�li nawili.

286

nana WiRlaZe

CamonaTvalSi, romelTac ar gaaCniaT arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba,

ar arian samxedro mosamsaxureebi. Sesabamisad, maT ufleba aqvT, monaw�

ileoba miiRon arCevnebSi.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba samxedro mosamsaxured miiCnevs `saqa�

rTvelos moqalaqes an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs, romelic samxedro

samsaxurs gadis saqarTvelos samxedro ZalebSi.~38 samxedro samsaxuris

specifikuri Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, TavisTavad cxadia, ar SeiZleba

saubari iyos samxedro mosamsaxureTa pasiur saarCevno uflebaze. am

SemTxvevaSi moqmedebs aurCevlobis principi, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom

asarCev Tanamdebobaze kandidatad registraciis SemTxvevaSi isini, saa�

rCevno kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadadgnen dakavebuli

Tanamdebobidan da Tanabar pirobebSi miiRon arCevnebSi monawileoba.39

xazgasasmelia, rom miTiTebuli norma samxedro mosamsaxureTagan Se�

exeba mxolod Tavdacvis saministros oficrebs da regulirebis gareSe

rCeba rigiTebis pasiuri saarCevno uflebis sakiTxi. sainteresoa isic,

rom Tavdacvis saministros oficrebs, iseve rogorc saarCevno kode�

qsiT gansazRvrul Tanamdebobis pirebs, samsaxurebrivi uflebamosile�

ba uwydebaT Sesabamis saarCevno komisiaSi kandidatad wardgenamde. esaa

aurCevlobis principis uzrunvelmyofi norma, Tumca sasurvelia, saa� principis uzrunvelmyofi norma, Tumca sasurvelia, saa�

rCevno kanonmdeblobam daazustos vada, roca kandidatad registra�

ciamde pirma uari unda Tqvas dakavebul Tanamdebobaze. amiT SeizRude�

ba gansazRvrul pirTa, maT Soris, Tavdacvis saministros oficerTa,

samsaxurebriv mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli gavlenis sferoebi da

uzrunvelyofil iqneba Sansebis Tanasworobis principi. savaraudod, es

vada ar unda iyos erT Tveze naklebi.

8.1. gansxvavebuli poziciebi samxedro mosamsaxureTa saarCevno

uflebis gamo

samxedro mosamsaxureTa arCevnebSi monawileobis uflebis ganxil�

visas apelireba xdeba ramdenime argumentze. miaCniaT, rom samxedro

38 saqarTvelos kanoni samxedro valdebulebisa da samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, 1997 wlis 17 seqtemberi, 31�e muxli, me�2 punqti.

39 ix. saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto, 94�e muxli, 1�li `T~ nawili.

287


mosamsaxureze, romelic imavdroulad sajaro xelisuflebis warmo�

madgenelia da gansxvavebul samarTlebriv da yofiT reJimSi imyofeba,

nebismier qveyanaSi arsebobs, mmarTveli politikuri Zalis mxridan, ze�

wolis SesaZlebloba, rac xels SeuSlis samxedro pirTa nebis Tavisu�

fal gamovlenas. imavdroulad Tvlian, rom samxedro mosamsaxureebi,

Tundac subieqturi mosazrebidan gamomdinare (dasaqmebis, aseve, ro�

gorc wesi, maRali anazRaurebis gamo), didwilad mxars dauWeren sax�didwilad mxars dauWeren sax� mxars dauWeren sax�

elisuflebo Zalebs, rac, faqtobrivad, daarRvevs Sansebis Tanasworo�

bis princips. aseTi albaToba, rasakvirvelia, arsebobs, magram gamosava�

li Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebis Camoyalibebaa da ara maTTvis

saarCevno uflebis CamorTmeva.

garda amisa, magaliTad, m. macaberiZis azriT, „Tanamedrove msofli�m. macaberiZis azriT, „Tanamedrove msofli� macaberiZis azriT, „Tanamedrove msofli�„Tanamedrove msofli� msofli�

oSi mravali armia profesionalur sawyisebze aris agebuli, isini mci�

rericxovania da maTi monawileoba Tu armonawileoba arsebiT zegav�armonawileoba arsebiT zegav� arsebiT zegav�

lenas ar axdens arCevnebis Sedegebze.~40 sxva sityvebiT, xelisuflebis

damatebiTi `motivacia~ am mimarTulebiT gansakuTrebulad angariSga�

sawevi araa.

samxedro mosamsaxureebis arCevnebSi monawileobis sawinaaRmdego ar�

gumentad miaCniaT saxelmwifosaTvis Sesabamisi saarCevno ubnebis gax�

snisa da sarCevno procedurebis ganxorcielebasTan, maT Soris wina�

saarCevno kampaniis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli sagangebo sazrunavi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom dasaxelebuli argumentebi calkeul SemTxvevaSi,

nebismier qveyanaSi, maT Soris CvenTanac, SeiZleba logikuric iyos,

Tanazomierebis sasworze samxedro mosamsaxureebisaTvis saarCevno

uflebis CamorTmevas ver gadawonis. gamosavali amjeradac samxedro

mosamsaxureTa saarCevno xmis uzrunvelmyofi garantiebis Seqmnaa,

romelTa SesarCevadac kvlav veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebi unda

iqnes gamoyenebuli. miT umetes, rom samxedro mosamsaxureebisaTvis

saarCevno uflebis sasargeblod gacilebiT myari argumentebi arse�

bobs. umTavresi ki isaa, rom, saqarTvelos nebismieri sxva moqalaqis

msgavsad, samxedro mosamsaxuris moqalaqeobrivi uflebaa, monawileo�

ba miiRos im sajaro xelisuflebis dakompleqtebaSi, romlis ufle�

bamosilebebi maszec iseve vrceldeba, rogorc subieqtTa yvela sxva

40 m. macaberiZe, arCevnebi da sazogadoeba, Tb., 2003, gv. 207.

288

nana WiRlaZe

kategoriaze. im pirTa mier saarCevno uflebis gamoyeneba, romelTac

qveynis usafrTxoeba da Tavdacva abariaT, sajaro xelisuflebis le�

gitimaciis maRal xarisxze mianiSnebs.

veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebSi Camoyalibda samxedro mosamsaxu�

reebis mier sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis realizaciis garantiebi.

aseTad miCneulia maT mier xmis micema, rogorc wesi, saerTo proce�

duriT. masSi xazgasmulia, rom `Tu arCevnebis dRes samxedro mosam�

saxureebs ara aqvT saxlSi dabrunebis saSualeba, mizanSewonilia, maT

registracia gaiaron TavianT samxedro nawilTan yvelaze axlos mde�

bare saarCevno ubanze. adgilobrivi samxedro xelmZRvaneloba maT Ses�maT Ses� Ses�

axeb monacemebs gadaugzavnis Sesabamis municipalur organos, romelsac

isini Sehyavs amomrCevelTa siaSi.~41 veneciis komisiam gaiTvaliswina Sem�

Txvevebi, rodesac samxedro nawili Zalian aris daSorebuli uaxloesi

saarCevno ubnidan da dauSva gamonaklisi am wesidan.42 moqmedi kanonmde�

blobiT, samxedro nawilSi, romelSic 50�ze meti amomrCeveli�samxedro

mosamsaxurea, SesaZlebelia saarCevno ubnis Seqmna, xolo Tu 50�s ar

aRemateba, miemagrebian uaxloes saarCevno ubans. amasTan, samxedro uw�

yebis xelmZRvanelis dasabuTebuli werilobiTi moTxovniT, saarCevno

ubnis Seqmna SesaZlebelia im samxedro nawilSic, sadac amomrCevelTa

raodenoba 50�s ar aRemateba.43 am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi saarCevno

kanonmdeblobaSi unda dazustdes safuZvlebi, rodesac samxedro uw�

yebis xelmZRvanels miTiTebuli uflebamosileba mieniWeba.

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebSi Zalze

saintereso Canaweri, romelic samxedro mosamsaxureTa nebis Tavisu�

fali gamovlenis damatebiT garantias qmnis. kerZod, `winasaarCevno pe�

riodSi samxedro nawilebSi unda Seiqmnas specialuri sazedamxedvelo

komisiebi, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli zemdgomi oficrebis mxridan

ama Tu im politikuri jgufis sasargeblod xmis micemis Tavsmoxvevisa

Tu iZulebis safrTxe.~44 qarTuli saarCevno kanonmdebloba mianiSnebs

41 saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, ganmartebiTi moxseneba, 3.2.2.2, veneciis komisia, CDL-AD(2002)023rev; 13 noemberi, 2002.

42 ix. iqve.43 ix. saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto,

me�16 muxli, me�3 nawili.44 saarCevno normaTa kodeqsi, ganmartebiTi moxseneba, 3.2.2.2, veneciis komisia, CDL-

AD(2002)023rev; 13 noemberi, 2002.

289


,,specialuri jgufis~ cnebaze, rodesac ceskos aniWebs uflebamosile� jgufis~ cnebaze, rodesac ceskos aniWebs uflebamosile�ceskos aniWebs uflebamosile� aniWebs uflebamosile�

bas, Seqmnas aseTi jgufi da ganusazRvros ùflebamosilebis fargle�

bi da moqmedebis vada.~45 Tumca ceskos aseTi gadawyvetilebis miReba

SeiZleba gauWirdes, erTi mxriv, imitom, rom saWiroa ceskos wevrTa

sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb ori mesamedis mxardaWera, xolo meore

mxriv, imave kanonSi specialuri jgufis Sinaarsobriv mxareze erTgvari

miniSneba,46 garkveulwilad, zRudavs samuSao jgufis moqmedebis are�

als. saarCevno kodeqsSi ufro moqnilad da detalurad unda gaiwe�

ros rekomendaciiT gaTvaliswinebuli komisiis dakompleqtebis wesi da

uflebamosilebebis farglebi.

8.2. sazRvargareT saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis samSvidobo batalionebSi mosamsaxure saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis realizaciis Taviseburebebi

erTgvar problemad xdeba sazRvargareT saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli

Zalebis samSvidobo batalionebSi mosamsaxure saqarTvelos moqalaqee�

bis sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis realizacia. saarCevno kanonmde�

bloba aseT gamonaklisebs pirdapir ar awesrigebs. amitom uaxloes war�

sulSi sasamarTlo davis sagani gaxda eraysa da kosovoSi ganlagebul

samSvidobo batalionebSi mosamsaxure pirebis mier 2008 wlis 5 ianvris

saqarTvelos prezidentis riggareSe arCevnebsa da plebiscitSi monaw�plebiscitSi monaw� monaw�

ileobis SesaZlebloba, romelic maT centraluri saarCevno komisiis

dadgenilebiT aekrZalaT. saarCevno ufleba CamoerTva im 2300 samxedro

mosamsaxures, romelTac, rogorc m. kopaleiSvili miiCnevs, `Cvenive

qveynis interesebisaTvis nebayoflobiT gacvales samoqalaqo tansac�

meli samxedro uniformasa da samxedro samsaxuris valdebulebebze.~47

45 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto, 29�e muxli, 1�li `v~ nawili.

46 iqve, 105�e muxli, me�13 nawili.47 m. kopaleiSvili, eraysa da kosovoSi ganlagebuli saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

samSvidobo batalionebSi mosamsaxure saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis realizaciis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo praqtikis mimoxilva, qarTuli samarTlis mimo�xilva, 4, 2007, gv. 576.

290

nana WiRlaZe

miTiTebul saqmeze sasamarTlom miiCnia da naTlad daasabuTa, rom

centraluri saarCevno komisiis dadgenilebiT, faqtobrivad, ugule�

belyofil iqna konstituciiTa da saarCevno kodeqsiT saqarTvelos sax�

elmwifos samxedro mosamsaxureebisaTvis garantirebuli sayovelTao

saarCevno ufleba.

sasamarTlom logikurad CaTvala, centralur saarCevno komisias

unda daecva Tanazomierebis principi imgvarad, rom ar momxdariyo ada�

mianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa gaumarTlebeli SezRudva, romelic

Sinaarsobrivad SeiZleba gautoldes maT CamorTmevas. Tanazomiereba

darRveulia kosovosa da eraySi myofi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis�samxe�kosovosa da eraySi myofi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis�samxe� da eraySi myofi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis�samxe�moqalaqeebis�samxe�

dro mosamsaxureebis xarjze. faqtobriv da samarTlebriv garemoebebze

dayrdnobiT, sasamarTlom daavala centralur saarCevno komisias, uz�

runveleyo da, imavdroulad, procedurulad moewesrigebina saqarT�

velos sazRvrebs gareT _ eraysa da kosovoSi ganlagebuli saqarTvelos

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis samSvidobo batalionebSi mosamsaxure saqarT�

velos moqalaqeebis saarCevno uflebis sakiTxi.48

sasamarTlos es gadawyvetileba mniSvnelovania kidev erTi zogadi

problemis mosawesrigeblad. sadavo iyo is garemoeba, rom saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT sagangebo da saomari mdgomareobis dros arCevnebi ar

tardeba,49 Sesabamisad, eraySi sagangebo mdgomareobis gauqmebamde ar�

Cevnebis Catareba ceskos mier arakonstituciurad iqna miCneuli. sa�ceskos mier arakonstituciurad iqna miCneuli. sa� mier arakonstituciurad iqna miCneuli. sa�

samarTlom, qveynis Sesabamis kanonmdeblobaze dayrdnobiT, calsaxad

ganmarta, rom arCevnebis Catarebis specialuri regulacia saomari

an sagangebo mdgomareobisas ukavSirdeba mis arsebobas mxolod saqa�mdgomareobisas ukavSirdeba mis arsebobas mxolod saqa� ukavSirdeba mis arsebobas mxolod saqa�

rTvelos teritoriaze.50 am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxi imdenad naTelia, rom

kanonmdeblobiT raime damatebiT mowesrigebas ar saWiroebs.

48 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis gadawyvetileba, sa�qme #3/3398�07, 17 dekemberi, 2007.

49 ix. saqarTvelos konstitucia, 1995 wlis 24 agvisto, 50�e muxli, me�3 punqti; 70�e muxli, me�8 punqti.

50 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis gadawyvetileba, saqme #3/3398�07, 17 dekebberi, 2007.

291


8.3. samxedro mosamsaxureTa adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis

organoTa arCevnebSi monawileobis Taviseburebebi

garkveulwilad, dasafiqrebelia moqmedi saarCevno kodeqsis norma,

romlis Tanaxmad, `vadiani da sakontraqto samxedro mosamsaxureebi

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos _ sakre� _ sakre�_ sakre� sakre�sakre�

bulos arCevnebSi monawileoben samxedro nawilis ganlagebis adgilis

mixedviT.~51 aRniSnuli normis realizaciis SemTxvevaSi ramdenime prob�

lema warmoiSoba. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sinaarsi erTgvarad

specifikuria, romelic, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb or�

ganuli kanonis Tanaxmad, gulisxmobs „saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa ufle�„saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa ufle� moqalaqeTa ufle�

bas da SesaZleblobas, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli organoebis meS�

veobiT... moawesrigon da marTon adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi

sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebis

Sesabamisad,~52 anu àdgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi~ da àdgilo�

brivi mosaxleobis interesebi~ ganmsazRvrelia adgilobrivi TviTm�

marTvelobis organoebis arCevnebis dros. samxedro mosamsaxureebis

mier samxedro nawilis ganlagebis, da ara sacxovrebeli adgilis, mixed�

viT arCevanis gakeTeba maT interess, garkveulwilad, zRudavs. erTi

mxriv, samxedro mosamsaxure ver monawileobs im organos SeqmnaSi, ro�

melic misi sacxovrebeli adgilis Sesabamisad TviTmmarTvelobis umniS�

vnelovanesi funqciis realizacias moaxdens, meore mxriv, irCevs TviT�

mmarTvelobis organos, romlis uflebamosilebebi masze, rogorc wesi,

ar gavrceldeba. es is problemaa, saidanac gamosavli, faqtobrivad, ar

arsebobs. TiTqmis warmoudgenelia, TiToeul samxedro nawilSi moxdes

yvela im municipalitetisa da TviTmmarTveli qalaqis sakrebuloebis

(kanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebis SemTxvevaSi aseve gamgeblebisa da merebis)

asarCevad saWiro saarCevno infrastruqturis Seqmna, romelTa teri�infrastruqturis Seqmna, romelTa teri� Seqmna, romelTa teri�

toriaze mudmivad mcxovrebi pirebic mocemul SemTxvevaSi samxedro

samsaxurs gadian. aseve, samxedro samsaxuris Sinaarsidan gamomdinare,

51 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto, 109�e muxli, me�4 nawili.

52 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb, 2005 wlis 16 de�kemberi, 1�li à~ muxli.

292

nana WiRlaZe

warmoudgenelia arCevnebis dRes yvela samxedro mosamsaxuris miv�

lineba maTi mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, radgan es qveynis

uSiSroebisaTvis safrTxis Semcvelia. TavisTavad cxadia, maTTvis arc

konstituciiT miniWebuli saarCevno uflebis CamorTmevaa samarTliani.

Sesabamisad, saarCevno kanonmdeblobis moqmedi norma, miuxedavad mas�

Tan dakavSirebuli kiTxvis niSnebisa, problemis mogvarebis ualterna�ualterna�

tivo gzad rCeba.

8.4. saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT mcxovreb da naosnobaSi myof

gemebze myofi amomrCevlebis saarCevno ufleba

saarCevno kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs, rom àdgilobrivi TviTm�

marTvelobis organos _ sakrebulos arCevnebSi monawileobas ar iRe� _ sakrebulos arCevnebSi monawileobas ar iRe�_ sakrebulos arCevnebSi monawileobas ar iRe� sakrebulos arCevnebSi monawileobas ar iRe�sakrebulos arCevnebSi monawileobas ar iRe�

ben arCevnebis daniSvnis dRisaTvis saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT

mudmivad an droebiT mcxovrebi da is amomrCevlebi, romlebic arian

naosnobaSi myof gemebze.~53 TavisTavad cxadia, argumentebi, romlebic

gamoyenebul iqna samxedro nawilebSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis

saarCevno infrastruqturis Seqmnis, faqtobrivad, SeuZleblobasTan

dakavSirebiT (romlebic, bunebrivia, ar arsebobs saprezidento da sa�

parlamento arCevnebis SemTxvevaSi), am SemTxvevazec vrceldeba. Ta�

visTavad, isini verc specialuri siis reJims daeqvemdebarebian. Tumca

gaugebaria miTiTebuli normis apelireba „arCevnebis daniSvnis dReze~,

romlis Sedegi iqneba saarCevno uflebis SezRudva iseTi pirebisaT�

vis, romelTac SesaZloa am uflebis gamoyenebis saSualeba hqondeT,

anu arCevnebis dRes imyofebodnen saqarTveloSi. aRniSnuli debuleba,

savaraudod, gagrZelebaa amave kodeqsis normisa, romlis Tanaxmadac

`...adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis...amomrCevelTa ra� TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis...amomrCevelTa ra�arCevnebisaTvis...amomrCevelTa ra� ra�

odenoba ganisazRvreba arCevnebis TariRis gamocxadebisas arsebuli

bolo informaciis Sesabamisi mdgomareobiT...~54 pirTa CamoTvlili

kategoriidan isini, romlebic arCevnebis daniSvnis dRes gasuli arian

53 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto, 109�e muxli, me�3 nawili.

54 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, 2001 wlis 2 agvisto, me�9 muxli, 1�li nawili.

293


saqarTvelodan, magram arCevnebis dRes imyofebian Sesabamisi TviTm�

marTveli erTeulis teritoriaze, unda sargeblobdnen adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis organos _ sakrebulos arCevnebSi monawileobis

uflebiT. saarCevno kodeqsSi unda gaiweros debuleba, romelic gansaz�

Rvravs gamonakliss zogad wesSi da Camoayalibebs amomrCevelTa siaSi

maTi Seyvanis proceduras.

9. daskvna

saqarTveloSi mimdinare sakonstitucio da saarCevno kanonmdeblobis

reformirebis procesSi moxdeba araerTi debulebis gadaxedva, maT So�

ris, im normebisa, romlebic sayovelTao saarCevno uflebas awesrigebs.

Tanamedrove realobis, veneciis komisiis daskvnebisa da rekomenda�

ciebis, aseve evropuli Tu erovnuli sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebis

analizis Sedegad saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsSi saWiroa aisaxos rigi

cvlilebebisa, maT Soris:

arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba unda CamoerTvaT mxolod im ms�

javrdebulebs, romelTac Caidines saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTu�

li danaSauli. damatebiT unda ganisazRvros sasjelis vadis zRvari,

romlis zemoT miTiTebuli kategoriis danaSaulebisaTvis Tavisufle�Tavisufle�

baaRkveTil pirebs CamoerTmevaT arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba.

aRniSnul SemTxvevebSic ki, msjavrdebulisaTvis saarCevno uflebis

CamorTmeva ar unda moxdes avtomaturad. yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi

Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba unda miiRos sasamarTlom.

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi ucxoelebisaTvis saarCevno kanonmdeblobiT

unda ganisazRvros Sesabamisi teritoriuli erTeulis adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba. unda

dawesdes garkveuli vada, sasurvelia, xuTi weli. am periodis gasvlis

Semdeg isini am uflebiT isargebleben.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebSi monawileobisaTvis kan�

didatad registraciis aucilebel pirobad unda dadgindes mocemul

teritoriaze cxovrebis garkveuli periodi, optimaluria eqvsi Tve.

saarCevno kodeqsis Sesabamis normaSi, aurCevlobis principisa

da Sansebis Tanasworobis uzrunvelsayofad, unda dazustdes vada,

294

nana WiRlaZe

savaraudod, erTi Tve, romelic kanoniT gansazRvrul pirebs, maT So�

ris Tavdacvis saministros oficrebs, arCevnebamde Tanamdebobis dato�

vebis valdebulebas daakisrebs.

saarCevno kodeqsSi amomwuravad unda ganisazRvros SemTxvevebi,

romlebic samxedro uwyebis xelmZRvanels miscems kanoniT gansaz�

Rvrulze naklebi samxedro mosamsaxure�amomrCevlis arsebobisas samx�mosamsaxure�amomrCevlis arsebobisas samx�arsebobisas samx�

edro nawilSi saarCevno ubnis Seqmnis moTxovnis uflebas.

detalurad unda Camoyalibdes veneciis komisiis rekomendaciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli specialuri sazedamxedvelo komisiis Seqmnis wesi da

uflebamosilebis farglebi.

saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT mudmivad an droebiT mcxovreb da

naosnobaSi myof gemebze myofi im amomrCevlebisaTvis, romlebic ar�

Cevnebis daniSvnis dRes ar imyofebian saqarTveloSi, Tumca arCevnebis

dRes saqarTveloSi yofnas gegmaven, uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes adgil�

obrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba.

sakonstitucio da saarCevno kanonmdeblobis reformirebis fonze

sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis axleburi reglamentaciisas saerTa�reglamentaciisas saerTa� saerTa�

Soriso standartebis, msoflio da qarTuli saarCevno da sasamarTlo

praqtikis gaTvaliswineba Tavisufali, samarTliani da demokratiuli

arCevnebis garantiaa.

295

avtorTa Sesaxeb

Tamar aleqsiZe _ trentos universitetis (italia) saerTaSoriso

kvlevebis programis doqtoranti

irine barTaia _ saerTaSoriso sajaro samarTlis magistri (londonis

ekonomikisa da politikuri mecnierebis skola); saerTaSoriso biznesis

samarTlis magistri (centraluri evropis universiteti, budapeSti);

leqtori, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti;

asistent�profesori, kavkasiis universitetis samarTlis skola

besarion boxaSvili _ saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis

aRmasrulebeli direqtori

gaga gabriCiZe _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fa�

kultetis asocirebuli profesori; Jan mones saxelobis evropuli sa�

marTlis kaTedris xelmZRvaneli

eva gociriZe _ saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mrCeveli adamianis

uflebaTa evropul samarTalSi; Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saerTaSoriso samarTlis doqtori

naTia kalandariSvili _ saerTaSoriso samarTlis magistri (Sveicaria)

iens maier-ladevigi _ iuristi; germaniis federaciuli respublikis yo�

fili warmomadgeneli adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi

levan mesxoraZe _ saxelmwifo warmomadgeneli adamianis uflebaTa

evropul sasamarTloSi, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro; qarTul�

amerikuli universitetis asistent�profesori

296

simon papuaSvili _ iuristi; adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebis samxre�adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebis samxre�

Tkavkasiuri qselis saqarTvelos koordinatori; londonis ekonomikisa

da politikuri mecnierebis skolis magistri

nino ruxaZe _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saerTaSoriso sa�

marTlos mimarTulebis asistent�profesori

nino farsadaniSvili _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli

fakultetis saerTaSoriso samarTlis magistranti

salome Sulaia _ mrCeveli, adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso sasamarT�

loebSi saxelmwifo warmomadgenlobis departamentis davebis warmoebis

sammarTvelo, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro

nana WiRlaZe _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakul�

tetis konstituciuri samarTlis profesori