bio diesel.pptx

8/20/2019 bio diesel.pptx

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Comparative study andexperimental investigation of Mesua

Ferrea,Jatropha Curcus and

Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Esters asBiodiesel in C.I engine

ME!"#$$%

&nder the guidance of

'r. Pradip (ingfa

)ssociate Professor

*u+mitted+y

ana Pompi

M-/-FE-#0


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Contents

Introduction

1hat is +iodiesel2

1hy do 3e need +iodiesel2

)dvantages of +iodiesel

'isadvantages of +iodieselFeedstoc4 for +iodiesel Production

Properties of +iodiesel

(iterature 5evie3

6+7ective of Pro7ect

Plan of Pro7ect

Conclusion

5eferences


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Introduction

Today, Automobile industries are focusing

on global warming and saving non-

renewable sources.

Bio diesel is one of the best solution of

above mentioned problems.

Since it is a renewable energy, produceless emission and it is successfully

implemented on existing systems .


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What is biodiesel?

Biodiesel is an low-emissions, highlubricating alternative diesel fuel, is

made from renewable biological sources

such as vegetable oil and animal fats

Biodiesel is defined as the mono-alkyl

esters of fatty acids derived from a

renewable feedstock such as vegetable oils

or animal fatsChemically biodiesel is fatty acid methylesters (FAME)


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Why do we need biodiesel?

Fossil fuels due to non!rene3a+lenature, pro7ected to +e exhaustedin the near future.

Energy demand rapid increase3ith signi8cant 3orld3idepopulation gro3th.

Environmental pollutionincreasing due to exhaustemissions from engines fueled

3ith petrol!diesel


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Advantages of biodiesel

It reduces the country9s dependence onimported petroleum

It is rene3a+le and contri+utes less to

glo+al 3arming than petroleum fuel It provides good engine performance

and can +e used 3ithout enginemodi8cation

It provides a mar4et for excessproduction of vegeta+le oils and animalfats, thus enhancing rural economies

It is +iodegrada+le and nontoxic


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Disadvantages of biodiesel

• Its storage for long period is notsuita+le for engine operation.

• It +ecomes gel in cold 3eather.

• It has 3ater content.

• It has higher :6x emissions.


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Feedstock for biodieselproduction

Plant origin

Edible Oils: Apricot, Coconut, Coffee, Corn , Olive/pomace,

Soybean, Sunflower, Palm, Peanut, Pumpkin seed, Rapeseed,

Rice bran, Sesame .

Non edible Oils: Ethiopian mustard, Hemp, Hingan,

Jatropha,Jojoba,Karanja,Koroch,Luganda,Mahua,Milkweed,Mo

ringa,Nahar,Neem, Polonga,Poon,Rozelle, Rubber

Animal origin

Beef Tallow, Duck tallow, Fish oil, Poultry fat,

Lard

Other sources

Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Microalgae


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Properties of biodiesel

Kinematic viscosity It measures the resistance to flow due to internal

friction. High values of kinematic viscosity give rise to

poor fuel atomization, incomplete combustion, and

carbon deposition on the injectors. Therefore, thebiodiesel viscosity must be low.

Flash point

Flash point of a fuel indicates the minimum

temperature at which the fuel will ignite (flash) on

application of an ignition source under specifiedconditions. The flash point of biodiesel is higher than

the petro-diesel, which is safe for transport purpose.

High values of flash point decreases the risk of fire.


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Cetane number Cetane number is a prime indicator of fuel ignition

quality of diesel engines. Higher is the cetane number

better it is in its ignition properties. Biodiesel has

higher cetane number than conventional diesel fuel,

which results in higher combustion efficiency.

Acid number and Free Fatty Acid value

Acid number is a measure of acids in the fuel. . A high

acid value will damage fuel pumps and fuel filters. It is

a measure of free fatty acid in biodiesel. Excessive freefatty acid in the fuel can be corrosive and may be a

symptom of water in the fuel or poor production or

subjected to oxidative degradation.


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Iodine value Iodine value is a measure of the unsaturation in fats and

oils. The limitation of unsaturated fatty acids is necessary

due to the fact that heating higher unsaturated fatty acids

results in polymerization of glycerides. This can lead to the

formation of deposits or deterioration of the lubricatingproperty.

Density Density is a key fuel property, which directly affects the

engine performance characteristic.It affects the mass offuel injected into the combustion chamber and thus, the air-

fuel ratio. This is because fuel injection pumps meter fuel by

volume not by mass and a denser fuel contains a greater

mass in the same volume. Thus, the changes in the fuel

density will influence engine output power due to a differentmass of fuel injected.


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Cloud point and Pour point Cloud point is the temperature at which is the fuel starts

to form crystals, with further decrease in temperature

these crystals increase in size and quantity until the fuel

gels and does not move again. The pour point is the lowest

temperature at which the oil specimen will flow. Both

points must be sufficiently low, because if the biodiesel is

frozen, the motor will not start.

Lubricity

Biodiesel's have higher lubricity than the petroleumdiesel which means that an engine run on biodiesel will

be less prone to wear and will last longer.


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Litrature review

1. Bibha Boro et al. Reviews various sources for biodiesel production,

properties, and use of biodiesel by blending as substitute

of the diesel fuel.

2. Alemayehu Gashaw et al.

Review paper describes the fuel properties of biodiesel,

production process (transesterification) and the most

important variables that influence the transesterification

reaction.

3. Kshipra Gautam et al Studied the physical characterization and comparison of

biodiesel produced from edible and non-edible oils of

Madhuca indica(mahua),Pongamia pinnata(karanja), and

Sesamum indicum(til) plant oilseeds.


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Litrature review

4. K. Sureshkumar et al. This paper obtained results of performance and emission

analyses carried out in an unmodified diesel engine fueled

with Pongamia Pinnata methyl ester (PPME) and its blends

with diesel.5. K. Pramanik et al.

The main aim of the paper was investigation to reduce the

viscosity of jatropha curcas oil close to that of

conventional fuel to make it suitable for use in a C.I.

engine and to evaluate the performance of the engine withthe modified oils.

6. A.S. Ramadhas et al.

In this review paper, they studied the production and

characterization of vegetable oil as well as the experimental

work carried out in various countries in this field.


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Litrature review

7. Gaurav Dwivedi et al. In this paper the aim was to do a comprehensive review of

engine performance and emissions using biodiesel from

different feedstocks and to compare that with the diesel.

8. Shashi Kumar Jain et al.

This paper reviews the technical sustainability of biodiesel

and its blends with diesel in C.I. engines. They obtained animproved knowledge of the potential to reduce regulated

emissions from the use of biodiesel and its blends with petro-

diesel

9. S.V. Kale et al.

In this paper ,a study was carried out to investigate the

combustion, performance and emission characteristics of

Pongamia oil methyl ester with diesel fuel on a single-

cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection and water cooled diesel

engine.


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Litrature review

10. B. Tesfa et al. Experimental investigation has been carried out on the

combustion and performance characteristics of a CI

engine running with biodiesel under steady state

operating conditions11. M.P.Sudesh Kumar et al.

This paper reviews the utilization of various

vegetable derived biodiesel blends in a diesel

engine as alternate fuels and also the performance,

combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of adiesel engine fuelled with various biodiesel blended

fuels.


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Obective of the proect

Production of biodiesels from three feedstocks;Mesua ferrea, Jatropha curcus & Pongamia

pinnata

Evaluation of performance and emissioncharacteristics of C.I engine fueled with biodiesel

blends


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Plan of proect


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!onclusion

Biodiesel which can be used as an alternativediesel fuel is made from renewable biological

sources such as vegetable oil and animal fats. It

is biodegradable, non-toxic and possesses lowemission profiles. Therefore, we have chosen

three seeds i.e. Jatropha curcus, Pongamia

pinnata and Messua Ferrea as our feedstock for

production of biodiesel and blends. This three

feedstock can be found easily in North-East of

India.


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"eferences

;. *uresh4umar , 5. Performance andexhaust emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled 3ithPongamia pinnata methyl ester PPME% and its +lends 3ithdiesel>5ene3 a+le energy ?? ,0##",00$/@0?#0.

;. Pramani4, AProperties and use of 7atropha curcas oil anddiesel fuel +lends in compression ignition engine> 5ene3a+le

Energy 0" 0##?% 0?$@0/".).*. 5amadhas , *. Jayara7, C. Muraleedharan, A&se of

vegeta+le oils as I.C. engine fuels)revie3> 5ene3a+le Energy 0$ 0##/% 0@/0

F.;. Forson , E.;. 6duro, E. Dammond!'on4o, APerformanceof 7atropha oil +lends in a diesel engine> 5ene3a+le Energy 0$

0##/% ?@/.).*. 5amadhas, C. Muraleedharan, *. Jayara7 , APerformance

and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled 3ith methylesters of ru++er seed oil> 5ene3a+le Energy ?# 0##% "$@"##


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"eference

*an7ay Patil, 'r. M.M.)4arte, AEGect of In7ection Pressure onCI Engine Performance Fuelled 3ith Biodiesel and its +lends>Internatio nal Journal o f *cienti8c H Engineering5esearch,


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bio diesel.pptx