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17.12.2010 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT 1
Development of a test procedure for realistic assessment of the biology of
fermentation of NaWaRo-biogas plants
Nils Engler, Thomas Fritz, Michael Nelles, Ute Merrettig-Bruns, Adam Feher
3. Biogas-Innovationskongress Osnabrück 2010
17.12.2010 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT 2
Content
1. Introduction
2. Development of the test procedure
3. First results and perspective
• Equipment and methods
• Realisation and prozess
• Analysis and interpretation of data
• Degradation kinetics of various substrates and biological activity of fermentation
samples
• Evaluation of effects of fermentation aids
• Detection of inhibitory effects
• Motive and purpose
Introduction
Growing number of biogas plants : medium to long term is to be expected of a shortage or
price increase of available substrates.
• Motive and purpose
17.12.2010 3UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
For both tasks process aids are already available on the market. Effectiveness is
difficult to assess in practice facilities
Molecular biological methods : time-consuming, expensive, no direct conclusions about the
actual degradation rate in the fermenter.
The activity is a manageable test procedures are developed,, which allows a
comparative quantification of the degradation rate of the fermenter biology.
Objectives: optimum utilization of available substrates, Development of new, in Anaerobic
fermentation unutilized biomass.
Development of the test procedure
Test procedure: The biogas production of a standard
substrate is measured under standardized conditions
with high temporal resolution.
• Equipment and methods
17.12.2010 4UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
ANKOM ®Gas Production System:
• Compression-proof fermentation vessel.
• Module with pressure sensor , purge valve and vent
valve.
• Pressure sensor detects the actual pressure in the
head space and transmitted wirelessly to the PC
• Evaluation software (calculated by considering the
current air pressure) the cumulative increase in
pressure in the headspace of each fermentation
vessel.
Development of the test procedure
17.12.2010 5UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Module in a water bath (top)
Daily homogenization using a magnetic stirrer (left)
Development of the test procedure
Requirement of the standard substrate:
• Reproducibility: Known and representable composition
• Quantification of the results: known gas yield
• Degradability: The composition of the major nutrients should be about the substrate of
biogas plants
• No influence on the study objective : itself free of promoters / inhibitors
17.12.2010 6UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Realization by:
• Acetate( acetic acid directly for the methane-producing microorganisms available
• Corn starch: Substrate for hydrolyzing and acid-forming microorganisms
• Corn silage: practical substrate complex
• Synthetic substrate complex: Mixture of cellulose, starch, glucose, urea and phosphate buffer in a
fixed composition
• Equipment and methods
First results and perspective
17.12.2010 7UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Degratation kinetics various substrates
Fermenter probe: agr. BGA, free manure
Seed sludge ratio: 0,15 (MS, starch) or 0,022 (ES)
Development of the test procedure
For the experimental procedure the fermentor to be is researching taken from a sample of
a possible active area (sampling adapter, if any, circulatingg, ggf. overflow to digestate storage…)
• Realisation and prozess
17.12.2010 8UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Initial weight per fermentation vessel (500 ml volumen) : 200 … 400 g fermenter probe bzw. 15
g oDM, ggf. dilution (with VE-water)
In addition to BLANK (only Fermenter content) a control experiment (with standard
substrate) and any attempts at treatment applied.(n=3)
Recording intervall 30 min. ; once a day homogenization of contents of the fermentation
vessel using magnetic stirrer.
17.12.2010 9UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Development of the test procedure
Validation run Jan. 2010
Mixture: per 400ml digested sludge and 2,5g cellulose, microcrystalline
Development of the test procedure
Test period : 5 bis 10 d
Analysis and interpretation of data
17.12.2010 10UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Presentation of results: Gas volume s (in l(N)/kgoDM ) to the theoretical maximum Gas
production potential of the standard substrate (calculated by BUSWELL)
Representation is a time-curve.
For comparison of different fermentation samples, the first criterion to be used as a time t50,
which is required to achieve 50% of the theoretical biogas yield. Quantify the performance
degradation using mathematical models is provided as the project continues.
Development of the test procedure
17.12.2010 11UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Degradation kinetics synth. Substrate
Comparison of different fermenter samples
First results and perspective
17.12.2010 12UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
0,00
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5
rela
tive
r B
iog
aser
trag
(B
ezu
g:
Bu
swel
l-E
rtra
g S
ynsu
b)
Zeit in d
Vergleich der Abbaukinetik unterschiedlicher Fermenterproben
optimaler Substratumsatz
leicht verzögerter Substratumsatz
verzögerter Substratumsatz
stark gehemmter Substratumsatz
Comparison of the kinetics of different fermenter samples
First results and perspective
Example: Substrate conversion and trace elements supply
17.12.2010 13UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Probe Cu Ni Zn Fe Bor Co Mn Mo Se W
1 129,13 9,99 342,68 5688,0 21,51 1,95 733,83 3,65 0,46 2,24
2 213,43 7,80 166,97 2371,0 28,42 1,63 248,23 4,33 0,55 0,91
3 184,55 6,01 686,83 1006,0 41,91 2,03 327,30 4,38 1,12 3,87
4 18,00 3,70 127,30 1504,5 13,30 0,40 285,90 2,10 0,58 0,70
mg/kgTM
The fermenter sample Nr. 4 (strongly
inhibited substrate degradation) shows in
almost all trace elements examined, the
lowest concentrations.
Trace element deficiency?
(Color table: Comparison of the four shown
in the diagram fermenter samples.)
First results and perspective
Evaluation of effects of fermentation aids
17.12.2010 14UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
comparative experimental trace element addition
First results and perspective
17.12.2010 15UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Evaluation of effects of fermentation aids
Ca. 7 %
higher yield
Comparative experimental enzyme addition
Residual gas form a fermenter sample with / without enzyme addition
First results and perspective
17.12.2010 16UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Assessing the effect of inhibitors
Objective of the experiment:
• Evaluate the impact of massive fungal infection on the
kinetics of fermentation of corn silage
Preparation:
• Corn silage was stored in air influence, to clear fungi
can be seen (image)
• In the activity test comparison with the original material
without fungi
• Smear on special fungi-agar, morphological
investigation is still pending
Silage with fungal infection after air stress (top)
Smear on fungi-agar (left)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0
Bio
gas
in l(
N)/
kgo
TS
Time in d
Corn silage with / without fungal infection: specific biogas yield and kinetics
Maissilage
Maissilage mit Pilzbefall
synth. Standardsubstrat
First results and perspective
17.12.2010 17UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
g/kg FM
Silage
normal
Silage nach
Luftstress/ Pilz
Milchsäure 16,18 0,69
Essigsäure 6,13 0,27
Propionsäure 0,09 0,15
Buttersäure 0,00 0,00
I-Valeriansäure 0,00 0,17
Äthanol 2,95 0,04
Propanol 0,17 0,12
Butandiol 0,20 0,05
Propandiol 0,20 0,00
oTM(k) in % FM 36,60 32,00
First results and perspective
In the current research project is to test the activity developed
and used for detailed investigations of the supply of NaWaRo-
biogas digesters with trace elements.
As part of the project, a screening system based on the activity
tests carried out and completed with studies on the supply of the
fermenter biology with essential trace elements.
Current research projects
17.12.2010 18UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE FAKULTÄT
Project partners and promotion
The IGF-project 16 103 BG Research Association Association for the Promotion of Energy and Environmental
Technology-TEU, Bliersheimer Straße 60, 47229 Duisburg was the AIF under the program to promote industrial
research and development (IGF) of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology based on a decision of the
German Bundestag encouraged.
17.12.2010 19UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK
Fraunhofer Institut für Umwelt- Sicherheits-
und Energietechnik UMSICHT, Oberhausen
HAWK Fachhochschule Göttingen
Fakultät Ressourcenmanagement,
Fachgebiet NEUTec
Universität Rostock
Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Institut für Umweltingenieurwesen
Lehrstuhl Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit !
Nils Engler1, Ute Merrettig-Bruns3, Adam Feher4 , Thomas Fritz2 , Michael Nelles1
1Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Lehrstuhl für Abfall- und
Stoffstromwirtschaft2IS Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Pinneberg3Fraunhofer Institut für Umwelt- Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT, Oberhausen4HAWK Fachhochschule Göttingen, Fakultät Ressourcenmanagement, Fachgebiet NEUTec
17.12.2010 20UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK