1 2

1- Cosmopolites sordidus 2- toppling over of weevil infested plants

Processus itératif dans la conception des systèmes

1) Conventionel

2) Systèmes simples banane + plantes de couverture

3) Jachères ou rotations améliorantes + plantes de

couvertures

4) = 3 + gestion organique

Augmentation de la biodiversité

Pe

rfo

rman

ces

de

s sy

stè

me

s (R

dt,

Mar

ge N

ette

…)

Fallow to clean nematodes from soil

Direct plantation under mulch to avoid soil tillage

(crédit : R. Achard)

(crédit : JM Risède)

Stylosanthes + bananiers à T+2,5m (Petit Canal, Guadeloupe)

Centrosema pascuorum , zones sur pente (Capesterre, Guadeloupe)

Bacterivore

Fongivore

Omnivores

Carnivores

-1

-0,75

-0,5

-0,25

0

0,25

0,5

0,75

1

-1 -0,75 -0,5 -0,25 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1

F2 (31,6

5 %

)

F1 (67,37 %)

F1 and F2 (99,02 %)

Trophic group

0

100

200

300

400

500

0

50

100

150

200

250number Ind. 100 g-1 dry soil

Bare soil

Neonotonia

Paspalum

Pueraria

Stylosanthes

Spontaneous

AFD analysis based on abundance of trophic group

Root-hair-feeding

PFN

Cover crops were favorable to all trophic group (except PFN) Higher abundance of Ca and Om respectively with legumes and Paspalum cover.

Carnivores & omnivores

BS SC PN NW PP SG

0

100

200

300

400

500

Bare Spontaneous Paspalum eonotonia Pueraria Stylosanthes soil

Nématodes phytoparasites

Sol nu SC PN NW PP SG

0

20

40

60

80

100

Abo

nd

an

ce

(n

. po

ur

100

g d

e r

acin

es)

Regulation?

Abundance Nb. / 100g soil

Abundance Nb. / 100g soil

Bare Spontaneous Paspalum eonotonia Pueraria Stylosanthes soil

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

5

10

15

20Kg of active ingredient/ ha / year

In Martinique, we have reduced as 70% of pesticides between 1996 and 2010

Nematodes Weevils Leaf spot

Diseases Weeds

Decision

making

tool

Biotest Biotest (trapping) Forecasting

strategy

Cultural

practices

- fallow

- rotation

- vitroplantlet

set of

practices

« Cover » and

associated crops

Biological

Pheromone

trapping

Enthomopathogen

nematodes

biopesticide

mixture

« lixiviado»

Varietal

- Clonal

selection

-New hybrids

New hybrids

Management

Target

How to manage complexity ?

1972

1990

1995

1979

1977

1980

1979 1981

2004

1998

1996

1999

1981

2004

1991

1998

2003

2010

2005

2009

2008

1975

1990

1986

2012

Transfer of the method of Management using forecasting system developed in Guadeloupe and Martinique

Use of the largest range of fungicides, to be used in rotation chosen from resistance of SD strain evaluation

+ mineral oil + new products

Excellence of preparation/realization of treatments

Control of the disease with an optimized number of applications, with strictly selected products, applied in optimal conditions

Biological forecasting

Leaves cutting and optimal management of the plant growth

-Diminution of the inoculum by suppression of foliar necroses - Optimal management of the banana plantation(fertilization, irrigation) to maintain a high Rythme of Foliar Emission to compensate for the loss of foliar surface - Leaf cutting: destruction of the necrosed parts, including after flowering to limit impacts on the green life duration

Impact on leaf surface Impact on yield Impact on green life duration

Alternative to the chemical control of BLSD

Perspectives:

• Evaluation of 4 hybrids CIRAD 916, 918, 920 et 924,

• 918 more sweety (local market ?), 920 more acid (regional market ?), 916 most proach than Cavendish

916

920

918 924 920

Estimated total pesticide quantities used in dessert bananas in some countries, including European Community areas (2006-2007)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Kg

a.i

./H

a/y

ea

r

Herbicides

Insect/nematicides

Others fungicides(mainly systemic)

Fungicides contact

Average annual rainfall

3400 mm

3300 mm

3000 mm

2800 mm

2600 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

250 mm

2500 mm

1100 mm

Black leaf streak disease (BLSD) no

Sigatoka disease

BLSD yellow Sigatoka disease

Resistance to systemic fongicides No major resistance to systemic fongicides

LCA -> contribution to climat change equivalent g CO2 par kg de banane

Average Total: 730 g CO2/kg

10 1%

40 6%

200 27%

100 14%

280 38%

100 14%

Matériel végétal (VP)

Administration

Culture

Conditionnement + port de départ

Transport Europe

Murisserie + Distribution

Main causes: Nitrogen fertilizers and Energie

Thank you for your attention