Diesel - Rk 2003 Audio

8/14/2019 Diesel - Rk 2003 Audio

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DIESEL - RK

RK-model of mixture formation and combustion in a dieseltakes intoaccount:

- piston bowl shape;

- swirl intensity;- injection profile, including multistage microprocessor controlled injection;

- number, diameter and directions of sprayer nozzles;

- interaction of sprays with walls;

- interaction of wall surface flows formed by sprays among themselves.

Built-in procedure of multiparameter optimizing.The library of searchingprocedures contains 14 methods of the nonlinear programming.

Model of EGR system.

Software for thermodynamic simulation and

optimizing of ICEAdvanced abilities:

"Fuel Spray Visualization" code.This code makes it possible in a pictorialform to analyze an animation picture of interaction of fuel sprays with combustion

chamber walls, with swirl and among themselves.


2/26

Simulation of the fuel sprays in the swirling air flow

Penetration of spray tip (2) and

boundaries of WSF* (3-6) as the

functions of time

Interaction of spray with a wall Schematic Fuel spray structure

Character zones

1. Rare environment of free spray

2. Dense axial core of free jet

3. Dense forward front

4. Rare environment of WSF

5. Dense core of WSF6. Dense forward front of WSF

7. Axial conical core of WSF

1. Velocity

2. Penetration

3. Right and left outer

boundaries of WSF

4. Forward outer

boundary of WSF5. Back outer

boundary of WSF

6. Free spray

* WSF is the so-called Wall Surface Flow of air

with high density of fuel drops

# Frame


3/26

Simulation of the fuel sprays in the swirling air flow

Piston bowl is a figure of revolutions.

Direction of each fuel jet is

specified in the two planes.

Swirl intensity is specified as a

swirl number.

The trajectories and deformations of free

sprays as well movement and deformation

of wall surface flows formed by sprays are

simulated in view of influence of

tangential air swirl and angle between

spray and wall.


4/26

Simulation of fuel sprays in the swirling air flow

Results of simulation of jets and

WSF development

Sketches of shadowgraphmovieof WSF development

Allocation of fuel in the zones for each spray is presented in graph

Spray # 3Spray # 1

Heat release rate

dx/d


5/26

74,69

0

5

10

15

20

25

Fractionoffuelinthezone,

%

Environment 17,03 19,61 20,95 17,09 74,69

Free Jet Core 0,08 0,38 0,61 0,09 1,17

WSF 7,84 5,01 3,43 7,57 23,85

Cylinder Head 0,05 0 0 0,24 0,29

Spray #1 Spray # 2 Spray # 3 Spray # 4 Sum

Analysis of allocation of fuel in the character zones

Tractor diesel

S/D = 140 / 120

RPM = 1800;BMEP = 7.7 bar

*WSF - wallsurface flow

formed by jets

on piston surface

Click picture to zoom

and start visualization
http://iviewhider.exe%20cm1800_1.gif%20/delay=030http://iviewhider.exe%20cm1800_1.gif%20/delay=030http://gifview.exe%20cm1800_1.gif%20/delay=040


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7/26

Swirl occurred deformation of Wall Surface Flow

Simulation Measurement

ge,

g/kW h

Single cylinder

diesel

S/D = 140 / 130

RPM = 2100;

BMEP = 7.0 bar

*WSF - wall surface flowformed by jets on piston surface

- Swirl number

Search of optimum value of swirl intensity

Fraction of fuel in the

zones of WSF crossing

Fraction of fuel in

the Environment

ge

Verification of the calculated data compared to experimental ones


8/26

Simulation of diesel combustion

over the whole speed range

Comparison between calculated and experimental data

Truck diesel S/D = 120 / 120

SimulationMeasurement Click picture to zoom
http://gifview.exe%20kamaz%202200.gif%20/delay=007http://gifview.exe%20kamaz%201400.gif%20/delay=007http://gifview.exe%20kamaz%201000.gif%20/delay=007


9/26

Simulation of soot emission in the diesel

over the whole speed range

Comparison between calculated

and experimental data

SimulationMeasurement


10/26

NOx emission simulation

The oxides of nitrogen are formed in a zone of combustion by the

chain mechanism. The main reactions are described by the Zeldovichscheme:

O2 2O;

N2 + O NO + N;

N + O2 NO + O.

Temperature in a zone of combustion is defined by zone model.

The calculation of nitrogen oxides formation is carried out on the

kinetic equation.

On each step the equilibrium composition of 18 components isdefined in a zone of combustion.


11/26

11 components:O, O2 , H, H2 , OH, H2O,

CO2 , N, N2 , NO, NO2

Model of nitrogen oxides formation with

calculation of equilibrium of 18 components

18 components:O, O2 , O3, H, H2 , OH, H2O,

C, CO, CO2 , CH4, N, N2 ,

NO, NO2, NH3, HNO3, HCN

Equilibrium equations:

;;;21

HH3

23

OO2

21

OO1 2232ppKppKppK ===

Material balance equations:

HCNOOC ;; SSSSSS ppp ===

The Dalton equation :

HCNHNONHNONONNCH

COCOHOHHHOOO

33224

22232

pppppppp

pppppppppp

++++++++

+++++++++=


12/26

Model of nitrogen oxides formation with

calculation of equilibrium of 18 componentsComparison of calculated and experimental data

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Regime number

NOx measurement

NOx simulation

NOx formation in exhaust gas of truck diesel YaMZ-7512

at operation on 13 regimes cycle.

NOxfraction,

pp

m


13/26

NOx emission calculation

at different values of Compression Ratio

Diesel S/D = 120 / 105

Full load:

Ne = 22 kW, RPM = 2000

NOx,

g/3

ge,

g/kWh

CR = 16.2

CR = 18.8

Simulation Measurement

Click picture to

zoom and start

visualization

CR

Comparison between calculated

and experimental data

ll i f hi h f C i l i
http://gifview.exe%20d120_1.gif%20/delay=040


14/26

Illustration of high accuracy of ICE simulation

over the whole operating range

Truck diesel: S/D=140/130

Click picture to zoom and start visualization
http://gifview.exe%201400_3_1.gif%20/delay=020http://gifview.exe%201400_3_1.gif%20/delay=020http://gifview.exe%202100_3_1.gif%20/delay=025http://gifview.exe%202100_2_1.gif%20%20/delay=030http://gifview.exe%20%202100_1.gif%20/delay=040http://gifview.exe%201400_1.gif%20/delay=040http://gifview.exe%201400_2_1.gif%20/delay=030


15/26


Truck diesel: S/D=140/130


is the relative error

Measur. Calcul. ,

Ne 24.4 25.1 2.9

SFC 577 560 2.9

NOx 240 260 8.3

Measur. Calcul. ,%

Ne 122.2 122. 0

SFC 258 258 0

NOx 980 930 5.1

Measur. Calcul. ,%

Ne 244.3 252 3.1

SFC 240 232 3.3

NOx 1920 1869 2.6

Measur. Calcul ,%

Ne 180.3 178. 1.2

SFC 219 222 1.4

NOx 2160 1990 7.9

Measur. Calcul ,%

Ne 90.2 86 4.6

SFC 223 235 5.4NOx 1430 1023 28

Measur. Calcul. ,%

Ne 18 16.2 10

SFC 411 456 11

NOx 280 320 14

Ill t ti f hi h f ICE i l ti


16/26



Experiment Simulation

Characteristic of locomotive diesel S/D=260/260

Click picture to zoom and start visualization
http://gifview.exe%20536_1.gif%20/delay=030http://gifview.exe%20845_1.gif%20/delay=030http://gifview.exe%201001_1.gif%20/delay=040


17/26



Experiment Simulation

Ne ge Air Flow Tt Smoke NO

% 2.5 1.9 1.9 3.3 0 0.6

Ne ge Air Flow Tt Smoke NOx% 0.7 0 6.2 0.9 14.2 2


is the relative error.

Air Flow is the Air flow rate; ge is the specific fuel consumpti

Tt is Turbine inlet temperature;Ne is engine power;

Characteristic of locomotive diesel S/D=260/260

Ne ge Air Flow Tt Smoke NOx

% 3.6 3.5 1 1.2 7.1 0.7


18/26

Simulation of combustion in diesel with

multistage injection of fuel

Locomotive diesel S/D=260/260,

Full load.

Piston bowl: Shallow Hesselman

Click picture to start visualization
http://gifview.exe%20double_inj.gif%20/delay=048


19/26

Two engine parameters are changed in

X, Y directions from MIN up to MAX

with fixed steps.

DIESEL-4t carries out the ICE

simulation in the bundles of the grid.

2D optimization tasks

Use the scanning if the problem of optimization of any process can be formulated as

bivariate (number of arguments is 2)

The results of scanning may be displayed as 3-D diagram

... or as isolines families


20/26

Optimizing mixture formation to decrease

NOx emission in the tractor dieselBase configuration Optimum solution

Diesel S / D = 120 / 105Ne = 22 kW, RPM = 2000

Parameter Base Optimum

Compression Ratio 16 19.5

Fuel-Injection timing, deg BTC 16 11.5

Fuel nozzle design 3 x 0.3; = 56o / 66o 3 x 0.22; = 75o

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Max Pressure of Injection, bar 520 665

Specific fuel consumption, g/kW h 239 236

Smoke level, Hartridge number 17.2 17.9

NOx emission, g/m3 3.4 1.92 = 40%

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Uo - Injection ratedx/dFi - Heat release rate.

M l i i i i i f h hi h


21/26

Multiparametric optimization of the high-

speed dieselto decrease its emission levelGoal of optimizing: decrease of particulate matter emission () and

nitrogen oxides emission(NOx).

MIN

CR - Compression ratio;

i, di - Number and Diameter of injector nozzles;

, - Injection duration and Injection Timing, deg B TDC;

InjProf - Injection profile;

PistBowl - Piston bowl shape;

NuzzlDir - Injector nozzles design.

)(XfNOx

NOxC

PM

PMCF

o

NOx

o

PM =+=

Arguments:

=Y

Limits:Pz - Maximum cylinder pressure (Pz < 150 bar);

Pinj - Maximum injection pressure (Pinj < 1500 bar);ge - Specific fuel consumption (ge < 260 g/kW h).

=X

The complex arguments: Injection profile, Piston bowl shape, Injector nozzles design are

assigned by user by experience and analysis of allocation of fuel in the zones (by using FJV

software). For searching the optimum combination of scalar arguments the well known

algorithms of nonlinear programming are used.

M lti t i ti i ti f th hi h


22/26


speed dieselto decrease its emission level

Alternate designsof the piston bowl ( PistBowl )

Variants of the injection profiles ( InjProf )

Alternate designsof the injector nozzles ( NuzzlDir )

Base:

#

Alternates:

Base Alternate # 1 (narrowed) Alternate #2

i = 5, angle between jet axes: 146 ; i = 5, angle between jet axes : 134 ;

i = 6, angle between jet axes : 146 ; i = 6, angle between jet axes : 134 .For each combination of complex arguments: the searching rational combination of the varied

factors [F = f(, dc, , ) => MIN ] is entrusted to a formal procedure of non-linearro rammin .

Complex arguments

M lti t i ti i ti f th hi h


23/26


speed dieselto decrease its emission level

*N - Number of ICE simulation sessions at optimization

1,31 1,371,454 1,4

1,33 1,32 1,31

2,52

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

F

Results of optimizing obtained by different methods for one of combination of the

complex arguments

o

NOx

o

PMNOx

NOxC

PM

PMCF +=

NuzzlDir:5 di 146

PistBowl: Base

N=46 N=114 N=67 N=58 N=102 N=118 N=115

Method:

Rosenbrok

Method:

Pearson

Gradient

method

Method:

Flatcher-

Reeves

Method:

Newton-

Rafson

Method:

Broiden

Method:

Davidone-

Flatcher-

Powell

Base

configuration

InjProf: 1

Combination of the complex arguments

Optimum

solutionScalar

arguments:CR = 20;

di = 0.195; = 24.4;

= 9.4.

Limits:Pz =139 bar;

Pinj = 1441 bar;

ge = 251 g/kWh

NOx=6.11

PM=0.495

NOx=7.43

PM=0.074

NOx=7.25

PM=0.101

NOx=8.66PM=0.067


24/26


25/26


speed diesel to decrease its emission level

*N - Number of ICE simulation sessions at optimization

1,25 1,26 1,27 1,27 1,251,3 1,3

2,52

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

F

Results of optimizing obtained by different methods foranothercombination of the

complex arguments: InjProf, PisBowl, NuzzlDir

o

NOx

o

PMNOx

NOxC

PM

PMCF +=

NuzzlDir:6 di 134

PistBowl: 1

N=76 N=124 N=57 N=88 N=112 N=128 N=85

Method:

Rosenbrok

Method:

Powell

Gradient

method

Method:

Nelder-Mead

Method:

Newton-

Rafson

O

n-coordinates

method

Method:

Davidone-

Flatcher-

Powell

Base

configuration

InjProf: 5

Combination of the complex arguments

Optimum

solution

Scalar

arguments:

CR = 21.7;di = 0.225;

= 17.6;

= 8.2.

Limits:Pz =150 bar;

Pinj = 1501 bar;

ge = 247 g/kWh

NOx=6.11

PM=0.495

NOx=6.9

PM=0.079

NOx=6.6

PM=0.093

NOx=6.6PM=0.0934


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speed diesel to decrease its emission level

Comparison between obtained optimum solutions and base ICE

configuration at full load.

Base configuration

F = 2.52

Optimum solution # 1:

F = 1.31

Optimum solution # 2:

F = 1.25

NuzzlDir:

6 0.225 134

PistBowl: # 1

InjProf: 5

Complex

arguments:

NuzzlDir:

5 0.195 146

PistBowl: Base

InjProf: 1

Complex

arguments:

Documents

Diesel - Rk 2003 Audio