Fast FoodFast Food

„„Hamburger sind das Manna des Hamburger sind das Manna des American DreamAmerican Dream. So wie Gott für . So wie Gott für sein erwähltes Volk Brot vom Himmel sein erwähltes Volk Brot vom Himmel fallen ließ, so scheint er all jenen, die fallen ließ, so scheint er all jenen, die das „Gelobte Land“ in den USA das „Gelobte Land“ in den USA suchten, Frikadellen zwischen suchten, Frikadellen zwischen Weißbrotscheiben als Nahrung Weißbrotscheiben als Nahrung zugedacht zu haben.“ (Wagner)zugedacht zu haben.“ (Wagner)

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Definition: What Is Fast Food?Definition: What Is Fast Food? A Cognitive Linguistic ApproachA Cognitive Linguistic Approach Empirical Data from google.deEmpirical Data from google.de The History of Fast FoodThe History of Fast Food Facts and AnecdotesFacts and Anecdotes Focus I: HamburgerFocus I: Hamburger Focus II: Döner KebapFocus II: Döner Kebap Healthy Fast Food?Healthy Fast Food?

Definition: What Is Fast Definition: What Is Fast Food?Food?

definition by infoplease.comdefinition by infoplease.com fast' food':fast' food':

food, as hamburgers, pizza, or fried chicken, food, as hamburgers, pizza, or fried chicken, that is prepared in quantity by a standardized that is prepared in quantity by a standardized method and can be dispensed quickly at method and can be dispensed quickly at inexpensive restaurants for eating there or inexpensive restaurants for eating there or elsewhere.elsewhere.

fast-food:fast-food:Pronunciation: Pronunciation: (fast'f(fast'fOOOOd', fäst'-), d', fäst'-), [[keykey]] ——adj.adj. of or specializing in fast food.of or specializing in fast food.

Definition: What Is Fast Definition: What Is Fast Food?Food?

definition by Longman Dictionary of definition by Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1995)Contemporary English (1995)

fast food /‘fast food /‘· ·/ · ·/ nn [U] food such as [U] food such as HAMBURGERS which is prepared HAMBURGERS which is prepared quickly in a restaurantquickly in a restaurant

Is there an opposite of fast food?Is there an opposite of fast food?

A Cognitive Linguistics A Cognitive Linguistics Approach Approach

Hamburgers

French Fries

Sandwiches

Waffles

Crepes

Sushi

Fishcakes

Bratwursts

Döner Kebap

Pizza

Fast Food

Empirical Data from Empirical Data from google.degoogle.de

fast food: 6.2 million vs 640.000 fast food: 6.2 million vs 640.000 entriesentries

hamburger: 5.25 million vs 1.84 hamburger: 5.25 million vs 1.84 million entries (note: a search for million entries (note: a search for hamburger includes terms that refer hamburger includes terms that refer to the city of Hamburg, too)to the city of Hamburg, too)

döner kebap: 16.600 vs 8.640 entriesdöner kebap: 16.600 vs 8.640 entries

The History of Fast Food (I)The History of Fast Food (I)

fast food has a long traditionfast food has a long tradition it originates in the necessary or it originates in the necessary or

habitual structuring of eatinghabitual structuring of eating Roman and Greek fast food: filled fig Roman and Greek fast food: filled fig

leaves, barley cakes leaves, barley cakes Middle Age fast food: bean soup, Middle Age fast food: bean soup,

bacon, millet gruel bacon, millet gruel food stalls in Chinafood stalls in China

The History of Fast Food (II)The History of Fast Food (II)

originally sold on markets, fairs and originally sold on markets, fairs and bazaarsbazaars

ethno fast foodethno fast food (i.e. falafel, (i.e. falafel, bagels, köfte…)bagels, köfte…)

today‘s fast food began as an urban today‘s fast food began as an urban phenomenonphenomenon

The History of Fast Food (III)The History of Fast Food (III)

Germany: first Germany: first WürstchenbudeWürstchenbude in in Regensburg (appr. 900 years old), Regensburg (appr. 900 years old), movable food stalls in the late 19th movable food stalls in the late 19th centurycentury

Great Britain: fish and chips vendors Great Britain: fish and chips vendors in the late 19th centuryin the late 19th century

USA: food machines (e.g. at Times USA: food machines (e.g. at Times Square, 1902)Square, 1902)

The History of Fast Food (IV)The History of Fast Food (IV)

first pizza parlor: first pizza parlor: 19051905

first fast food first fast food chain: White chain: White Castle, 1916, Castle, 1916, spreading from spreading from Wichita, KS, all Wichita, KS, all over the USA over the USA

first drive-in: 1921 first drive-in: 1921 car hopperscar hoppers

The History of Fast Food (V)The History of Fast Food (V)

““Golden Fifties“ of fast food: 1950 Dunkin‘ Golden Fifties“ of fast food: 1950 Dunkin‘ Donuts, 1952 Kentucky Fried Chicken, Donuts, 1952 Kentucky Fried Chicken, 1953 Burger King, 1955 Mc Donald‘s, 1958 1953 Burger King, 1955 Mc Donald‘s, 1958 Pizza HutPizza Hut

Facts and Anecdotes (I)Facts and Anecdotes (I)

1993: Mc Donald‘s sells its 100 billionth 1993: Mc Donald‘s sells its 100 billionth hamburgerhamburger

each day, 28 million people eat at Mc each day, 28 million people eat at Mc Donald‘sDonald‘s

statistically, nobody in America is further than statistically, nobody in America is further than 3 minutes by car away from a Mc Donald‘s3 minutes by car away from a Mc Donald‘s

every year, 1.200 – 1.500 new Mc Donald‘s every year, 1.200 – 1.500 new Mc Donald‘s restaurants are openingrestaurants are opening

the world‘s biggest Mc Donald‘s is in Peking the world‘s biggest Mc Donald‘s is in Peking (40.000 guests per day)(40.000 guests per day)

Facts and Anecdotes (II)Facts and Anecdotes (II)

you can study Hamburgerology in you can study Hamburgerology in the Mc Donald‘s Universitiesthe Mc Donald‘s Universities

1982: House of Representatives 1982: House of Representatives votes against introducing a votes against introducing a cheeseburger week every year in cheeseburger week every year in OctoberOctober

Focus I: Hamburger (I)Focus I: Hamburger (I)

definition by infoplease.comdefinition by infoplease.com ham•burg•erham•burg•er

Pronunciation: Pronunciation: (ham'bûr"g(ham'bûr"guur), r), [[keykey]] ——n.n. 1. 1. a sandwich consisting of a a sandwich consisting of a cooked patty of ground or cooked patty of ground or chopped beef, usually in a roll chopped beef, usually in a roll or bun, variously garnished. or bun, variously garnished. 2. 2. ground or chopped beef. ground or chopped beef. 3. 3. Also called Also called Ham'burg Ham'burg steak".steak". a patty of ground or a patty of ground or chopped beef, seasoned and chopped beef, seasoned and fried or broiled. fried or broiled. Also,Also,ham•burgham•burgPronunciation: Pronunciation: (ham'bûrg). (ham'bûrg). [[key]key]Also called Also called beefburger.beefburger.

Focus I: Hamburger (II)Focus I: Hamburger (II)

today‘s hamburger is a variation of today‘s hamburger is a variation of the Hamburg steakthe Hamburg steak

the Hamburg steak was introduced the Hamburg steak was introduced to the American cuisine by German to the American cuisine by German immigrants in the 19th centuryimmigrants in the 19th century

it originated in the Steak Tartare it originated in the Steak Tartare from Russia which again was a from Russia which again was a modification of Mongolian food of modification of Mongolian food of Genghis Khan‘s timesGenghis Khan‘s times

Focus I: Hamburger (III)Focus I: Hamburger (III)

hamburgers are rarely hamburgers are rarely called “hamburgers“ called “hamburgers“ in fast food in fast food restaurantsrestaurants

instead: Whopper, Big instead: Whopper, Big Mac, Hamburger Royal Mac, Hamburger Royal TS, Jumbo Jack, Big TS, Jumbo Jack, Big and Tasty…and Tasty…

Is there a real Is there a real hamburger?hamburger?

What is a real What is a real hamburger?hamburger?

Focus II: Döner Kebap (I)Focus II: Döner Kebap (I)

definition by definition by wikipedia.orgwikipedia.org

Döner kebab (as döner Döner kebab (as döner kebap in Turkish and kebap in Turkish and often simply döner or often simply döner or donair), which literally donair), which literally means "rotating roast means "rotating roast meat" is originally a meat" is originally a Turkish dish made Turkish dish made with mutton. with mutton.

Focus II: Döner Kebap (II)Focus II: Döner Kebap (II)

Döner Kebap style food originates in Döner Kebap style food originates in the Middle East (Arab countries, the Middle East (Arab countries, Turkey, Central Asia) Turkey, Central Asia)

popular in Germany, while in Turkey, popular in Germany, while in Turkey, Döner Kebap is partly regarded as Döner Kebap is partly regarded as the decline of Turkish culturethe decline of Turkish culture

Healthy Fast Food? (I)Healthy Fast Food? (I)

In 1921, White Castle hired a student In 1921, White Castle hired a student of medicine who only ate White of medicine who only ate White Castle hamburgers for 13 weeks Castle hamburgers for 13 weeks a a doctor acknowledged that he did not doctor acknowledged that he did not suffer damage to his health suffer damage to his health afterwardsafterwards

In 2004, the movie In 2004, the movie Super Size MeSuper Size Me proved the oppositeproved the opposite

Healthy Fast Food? (II)Healthy Fast Food? (II)

both Mc Donald‘s and Burger King both Mc Donald‘s and Burger King have a calculator for the nutritional have a calculator for the nutritional value of their products on their value of their products on their websitewebsite

Big Mac: 503 kcal, 26g protein, 44g Big Mac: 503 kcal, 26g protein, 44g carbohydrate, 25g fatcarbohydrate, 25g fat

Whopper: 600 kcal, 27g protein, 47g Whopper: 600 kcal, 27g protein, 47g carbohydrate, 34g fatcarbohydrate, 34g fat

Healthy Fast Food? (III)Healthy Fast Food? (III)

Gael Greene (restaurant critic): “ [Fast Gael Greene (restaurant critic): “ [Fast food] is so hard to digest, I would even food] is so hard to digest, I would even drown in the Dead Sea“drown in the Dead Sea“

Time Magazine: “cheese made from glue, Time Magazine: “cheese made from glue, a very thin tablet of something that comes a very thin tablet of something that comes close enough to a piece of meat“close enough to a piece of meat“

Wolfram Siebeck: “brake lining with Wolfram Siebeck: “brake lining with onions“onions“

1972: “junk food“; 1989 “slow food“1972: “junk food“; 1989 “slow food“

Any Questions?Any Questions?

Thanks for your Thanks for your attention!attention!