American Geographical Society

Geschichte der Erdkunde. 1. Teil by Siegmund GuntherBulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 37, No. 3 (1905), pp. 181-182Published by: American Geographical SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/198636 .

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Book Notices. Book Notices. Book Notices. Book Notices.

ment and not without humour. He treats all phases of the elements and influences which gradually evolved the present Australia, sketches the political and social life on the ranges and in the mines and towns, and pictures the artisan, the state of culture and the position of education, art, the drama and literature. He studies the national characteristics, and presents a very clear and interesting view of the economic conditions and outlook. Mr. Rowland thinks the knighthoods and other honors conferred by the Colonial Office should be discontinued:

Awarded as they are at present to all and sundry that happen to stand most in the public eye or secure the most effective political patronage, their effect on the sentiment of some of the more thought- ful of Australians towards England is little less than disastrous. The term C.M.G., for example, suggests to most loyal subjects in New South Wales nothing in the world so vividly as " Corner of Market and George Street"-the site of the public- house kept by_a recipient of imperial honour some years since (p. 296).

The appendices contain a Report on the excessive hours of labour in Sydney shops and a Plea for English Literature in the primary schools.

Une Croisiere au Spitsberg, Par Jules Leclercq. iii and 282 pp., 30 photographic reproductions and a map. Plon-Nourrit & Co., Paris, I904.

The story of the voyage of a tourist party on a comfortable yacht to Spitsbergen. This journey was once regarded as hazardous, and no women would tempt its perils. To-day, however, the voyage is looked upon as a simple affair. On this occasion eight women were among the forty-five passengers, who also included a number of scientific men bound for a summer vacation in the Arctic. The book is a very enter- taining account of the voyage, which included not only the long coasts of southern and western Spitsbergen, but also the fiords and towns of northern Norway and a side trip to the coast of Lapland.

Stops were made at numerous points in Spitsbergen, and the author tells interest- ing and sometimes tragical stories associated with the history of a number of places. The modest cabin in which Andree lived for the last four months of his life was still standing. It seemed to be awaiting his return, for everything about the place was in good order. The map shows the triangulation of the Russian and Swedish mis- sions in their survey of an arc of the meridian, and the results of the work of other recent investigators.

Elemente der Terrainlehre des Kartenlesens und Croquierens. 41 pp. and table of cartographic symbols. F. West. Brody, Austria, 1904. (Price, 8o heller-about 40c.)

This little book is intended primarily for military surveying during a campaign, but it will be of value to advanced students of geography for its clear, comprehensive and systematic definition of the German words relating to orographic, hydrographic, and topographic forms and aspects, its helpful section on map-reading, and its directions for cartographic work in the field. The book is elementary, but is full of hints and information of use to readers of German who wish to familiarize them- selves with map-reading and the elements of map-making.

Geschichte der Erdkunde. 1. Teil. Von Dr. Siegmund Guinther. xi and 343 pp. and index of names. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna, I904. (Price, $2.90.)

Dr. GUnther tells in this learned and exhaustive book of the ideas of the ancients concerning geography, and traces at length and with many references to authorities

ment and not without humour. He treats all phases of the elements and influences which gradually evolved the present Australia, sketches the political and social life on the ranges and in the mines and towns, and pictures the artisan, the state of culture and the position of education, art, the drama and literature. He studies the national characteristics, and presents a very clear and interesting view of the economic conditions and outlook. Mr. Rowland thinks the knighthoods and other honors conferred by the Colonial Office should be discontinued:

Awarded as they are at present to all and sundry that happen to stand most in the public eye or secure the most effective political patronage, their effect on the sentiment of some of the more thought- ful of Australians towards England is little less than disastrous. The term C.M.G., for example, suggests to most loyal subjects in New South Wales nothing in the world so vividly as " Corner of Market and George Street"-the site of the public- house kept by_a recipient of imperial honour some years since (p. 296).

The appendices contain a Report on the excessive hours of labour in Sydney shops and a Plea for English Literature in the primary schools.

Une Croisiere au Spitsberg, Par Jules Leclercq. iii and 282 pp., 30 photographic reproductions and a map. Plon-Nourrit & Co., Paris, I904.

The story of the voyage of a tourist party on a comfortable yacht to Spitsbergen. This journey was once regarded as hazardous, and no women would tempt its perils. To-day, however, the voyage is looked upon as a simple affair. On this occasion eight women were among the forty-five passengers, who also included a number of scientific men bound for a summer vacation in the Arctic. The book is a very enter- taining account of the voyage, which included not only the long coasts of southern and western Spitsbergen, but also the fiords and towns of northern Norway and a side trip to the coast of Lapland.

Stops were made at numerous points in Spitsbergen, and the author tells interest- ing and sometimes tragical stories associated with the history of a number of places. The modest cabin in which Andree lived for the last four months of his life was still standing. It seemed to be awaiting his return, for everything about the place was in good order. The map shows the triangulation of the Russian and Swedish mis- sions in their survey of an arc of the meridian, and the results of the work of other recent investigators.

Elemente der Terrainlehre des Kartenlesens und Croquierens. 41 pp. and table of cartographic symbols. F. West. Brody, Austria, 1904. (Price, 8o heller-about 40c.)

This little book is intended primarily for military surveying during a campaign, but it will be of value to advanced students of geography for its clear, comprehensive and systematic definition of the German words relating to orographic, hydrographic, and topographic forms and aspects, its helpful section on map-reading, and its directions for cartographic work in the field. The book is elementary, but is full of hints and information of use to readers of German who wish to familiarize them- selves with map-reading and the elements of map-making.

Geschichte der Erdkunde. 1. Teil. Von Dr. Siegmund Guinther. xi and 343 pp. and index of names. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna, I904. (Price, $2.90.)

Dr. GUnther tells in this learned and exhaustive book of the ideas of the ancients concerning geography, and traces at length and with many references to authorities

ment and not without humour. He treats all phases of the elements and influences which gradually evolved the present Australia, sketches the political and social life on the ranges and in the mines and towns, and pictures the artisan, the state of culture and the position of education, art, the drama and literature. He studies the national characteristics, and presents a very clear and interesting view of the economic conditions and outlook. Mr. Rowland thinks the knighthoods and other honors conferred by the Colonial Office should be discontinued:

Awarded as they are at present to all and sundry that happen to stand most in the public eye or secure the most effective political patronage, their effect on the sentiment of some of the more thought- ful of Australians towards England is little less than disastrous. The term C.M.G., for example, suggests to most loyal subjects in New South Wales nothing in the world so vividly as " Corner of Market and George Street"-the site of the public- house kept by_a recipient of imperial honour some years since (p. 296).

The appendices contain a Report on the excessive hours of labour in Sydney shops and a Plea for English Literature in the primary schools.

Une Croisiere au Spitsberg, Par Jules Leclercq. iii and 282 pp., 30 photographic reproductions and a map. Plon-Nourrit & Co., Paris, I904.

The story of the voyage of a tourist party on a comfortable yacht to Spitsbergen. This journey was once regarded as hazardous, and no women would tempt its perils. To-day, however, the voyage is looked upon as a simple affair. On this occasion eight women were among the forty-five passengers, who also included a number of scientific men bound for a summer vacation in the Arctic. The book is a very enter- taining account of the voyage, which included not only the long coasts of southern and western Spitsbergen, but also the fiords and towns of northern Norway and a side trip to the coast of Lapland.

Stops were made at numerous points in Spitsbergen, and the author tells interest- ing and sometimes tragical stories associated with the history of a number of places. The modest cabin in which Andree lived for the last four months of his life was still standing. It seemed to be awaiting his return, for everything about the place was in good order. The map shows the triangulation of the Russian and Swedish mis- sions in their survey of an arc of the meridian, and the results of the work of other recent investigators.

Elemente der Terrainlehre des Kartenlesens und Croquierens. 41 pp. and table of cartographic symbols. F. West. Brody, Austria, 1904. (Price, 8o heller-about 40c.)

This little book is intended primarily for military surveying during a campaign, but it will be of value to advanced students of geography for its clear, comprehensive and systematic definition of the German words relating to orographic, hydrographic, and topographic forms and aspects, its helpful section on map-reading, and its directions for cartographic work in the field. The book is elementary, but is full of hints and information of use to readers of German who wish to familiarize them- selves with map-reading and the elements of map-making.

Geschichte der Erdkunde. 1. Teil. Von Dr. Siegmund Guinther. xi and 343 pp. and index of names. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna, I904. (Price, $2.90.)

Dr. GUnther tells in this learned and exhaustive book of the ideas of the ancients concerning geography, and traces at length and with many references to authorities

ment and not without humour. He treats all phases of the elements and influences which gradually evolved the present Australia, sketches the political and social life on the ranges and in the mines and towns, and pictures the artisan, the state of culture and the position of education, art, the drama and literature. He studies the national characteristics, and presents a very clear and interesting view of the economic conditions and outlook. Mr. Rowland thinks the knighthoods and other honors conferred by the Colonial Office should be discontinued:

Awarded as they are at present to all and sundry that happen to stand most in the public eye or secure the most effective political patronage, their effect on the sentiment of some of the more thought- ful of Australians towards England is little less than disastrous. The term C.M.G., for example, suggests to most loyal subjects in New South Wales nothing in the world so vividly as " Corner of Market and George Street"-the site of the public- house kept by_a recipient of imperial honour some years since (p. 296).

The appendices contain a Report on the excessive hours of labour in Sydney shops and a Plea for English Literature in the primary schools.

Une Croisiere au Spitsberg, Par Jules Leclercq. iii and 282 pp., 30 photographic reproductions and a map. Plon-Nourrit & Co., Paris, I904.

The story of the voyage of a tourist party on a comfortable yacht to Spitsbergen. This journey was once regarded as hazardous, and no women would tempt its perils. To-day, however, the voyage is looked upon as a simple affair. On this occasion eight women were among the forty-five passengers, who also included a number of scientific men bound for a summer vacation in the Arctic. The book is a very enter- taining account of the voyage, which included not only the long coasts of southern and western Spitsbergen, but also the fiords and towns of northern Norway and a side trip to the coast of Lapland.

Stops were made at numerous points in Spitsbergen, and the author tells interest- ing and sometimes tragical stories associated with the history of a number of places. The modest cabin in which Andree lived for the last four months of his life was still standing. It seemed to be awaiting his return, for everything about the place was in good order. The map shows the triangulation of the Russian and Swedish mis- sions in their survey of an arc of the meridian, and the results of the work of other recent investigators.

Elemente der Terrainlehre des Kartenlesens und Croquierens. 41 pp. and table of cartographic symbols. F. West. Brody, Austria, 1904. (Price, 8o heller-about 40c.)

This little book is intended primarily for military surveying during a campaign, but it will be of value to advanced students of geography for its clear, comprehensive and systematic definition of the German words relating to orographic, hydrographic, and topographic forms and aspects, its helpful section on map-reading, and its directions for cartographic work in the field. The book is elementary, but is full of hints and information of use to readers of German who wish to familiarize them- selves with map-reading and the elements of map-making.

Geschichte der Erdkunde. 1. Teil. Von Dr. Siegmund Guinther. xi and 343 pp. and index of names. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna, I904. (Price, $2.90.)

Dr. GUnther tells in this learned and exhaustive book of the ideas of the ancients concerning geography, and traces at length and with many references to authorities

181 181 181 181

This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 23:24:03 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Book Notices. Book Notices.

the great isolated journeys, the eras of discovery, and the scientific progress of the

study up to recent times. He indicates the scientific value of the work done in each

period. This will be a most convenient and useful reference book, in which the work of each century and of all important explorers and scholars, in its main features and scientific outcome, may very conveniently be studied.

Lehrbuch der Geographie, von Herman Wagner. Siebente Auflage, Erster Band. Einleitung, Allgemeine Erdkunde. Mit 85 Figuren. Hannover und Leipzig, Hahn'sche Buchhandlung, I903.

This volume of about 900 pages is a revised reprint of the sixth edition, which had been exhausted so quickly that no actually new edition could be prepared. In this case the demand for the book is a proof of its merits. It represents, indeed, the most complete compendium of the whole field of general geography, presented in an admirably brief and concise form. The introduction contains a bibliography of the

geographic literature of the world (periodicals, reports, and proceedings of societies, cyclopedias, textbooks, maps and atlases, geographic names, publications of Govern- ment surveys, and on the teaching of geography); (2) a history of the science and its

methodology from the earliest times to the present, and (3) a discussion of the con-

cept and of the divisions of geography (36 pp.). The results of the latter appear in the arrangement of the geographical matter proper, which is treated in four " books": I, Mathematical geography (200 pp.); II, Physical geography (530 pp.); III, Biological geography (90 pp.), and IV, Anthropogeography (190o pp.). The arrangement of the subdivisions of these books is of especial interest as presenting another attempt at an exhaustive classification of our science, to which so much attention is paid at present in this country.

In BOOK I the first chapter deals with orientation, thus making the problem of location the starting-point of geography-viz., orientation (a) on the horizon, (b) in the sky, (c) on the earth's surface, (d) results of the preceding three-geographical location-including not only latitude and longitude, but also methods of surveying, triangulation, etc.

The second chapter deals with the globe: (a) shape and size, (b) physical pro- perties (density, heat, magnetism, etc.).

Chapter three discusses the motions of the earth.- (a) Rotation, (b) revolution summing up the results in (c) the solar system, and (d) effects of gravitation.

Chapter four is given over to the geographic map, treating (a) projections, (b) means of cartographic expression (contours, hachures, etc.), and (c) map-reading.

BOOK II is divided into four chapters: The surface of the earth, the land, the ocean, the air.

The chapter on the surface of the earth includes the general distribution of land and water, the continental slopes, coast-lines, etc.

The chapter on the land deals with (a) all the composition of the earth's crust, (b) crust movements, (c) external changes of the crust (especially erosion and deposition), (d) results of these changes, (e) surface-forms (mountains, valleys, plains, etc.), (f) lakes and rivers, (g) coasts and islands.

The chapter on the ocean has only three subdivisions : (a) Ocean spaces (level, size, depth, etc.), (b) sea-water, (c) movements of the ocean.

The chapter on the air treats : (a) temperature, (b) air-pressure and winds, (c) vapour and precipitation, (d) climate.

BOOK III discusses (a) the biosphere, (b) distribution of organic life, (c) general

the great isolated journeys, the eras of discovery, and the scientific progress of the

study up to recent times. He indicates the scientific value of the work done in each

period. This will be a most convenient and useful reference book, in which the work of each century and of all important explorers and scholars, in its main features and scientific outcome, may very conveniently be studied.

Lehrbuch der Geographie, von Herman Wagner. Siebente Auflage, Erster Band. Einleitung, Allgemeine Erdkunde. Mit 85 Figuren. Hannover und Leipzig, Hahn'sche Buchhandlung, I903.

This volume of about 900 pages is a revised reprint of the sixth edition, which had been exhausted so quickly that no actually new edition could be prepared. In this case the demand for the book is a proof of its merits. It represents, indeed, the most complete compendium of the whole field of general geography, presented in an admirably brief and concise form. The introduction contains a bibliography of the

geographic literature of the world (periodicals, reports, and proceedings of societies, cyclopedias, textbooks, maps and atlases, geographic names, publications of Govern- ment surveys, and on the teaching of geography); (2) a history of the science and its

methodology from the earliest times to the present, and (3) a discussion of the con-

cept and of the divisions of geography (36 pp.). The results of the latter appear in the arrangement of the geographical matter proper, which is treated in four " books": I, Mathematical geography (200 pp.); II, Physical geography (530 pp.); III, Biological geography (90 pp.), and IV, Anthropogeography (190o pp.). The arrangement of the subdivisions of these books is of especial interest as presenting another attempt at an exhaustive classification of our science, to which so much attention is paid at present in this country.

In BOOK I the first chapter deals with orientation, thus making the problem of location the starting-point of geography-viz., orientation (a) on the horizon, (b) in the sky, (c) on the earth's surface, (d) results of the preceding three-geographical location-including not only latitude and longitude, but also methods of surveying, triangulation, etc.

The second chapter deals with the globe: (a) shape and size, (b) physical pro- perties (density, heat, magnetism, etc.).

Chapter three discusses the motions of the earth.- (a) Rotation, (b) revolution summing up the results in (c) the solar system, and (d) effects of gravitation.

Chapter four is given over to the geographic map, treating (a) projections, (b) means of cartographic expression (contours, hachures, etc.), and (c) map-reading.

BOOK II is divided into four chapters: The surface of the earth, the land, the ocean, the air.

The chapter on the surface of the earth includes the general distribution of land and water, the continental slopes, coast-lines, etc.

The chapter on the land deals with (a) all the composition of the earth's crust, (b) crust movements, (c) external changes of the crust (especially erosion and deposition), (d) results of these changes, (e) surface-forms (mountains, valleys, plains, etc.), (f) lakes and rivers, (g) coasts and islands.

The chapter on the ocean has only three subdivisions : (a) Ocean spaces (level, size, depth, etc.), (b) sea-water, (c) movements of the ocean.

The chapter on the air treats : (a) temperature, (b) air-pressure and winds, (c) vapour and precipitation, (d) climate.

BOOK III discusses (a) the biosphere, (b) distribution of organic life, (c) general

182 182

This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 23:24:03 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions