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7/29/2019 INSPIRE 2012-Glten Kara
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SEMANTIC DEFINITION AND MATCHING
FOR NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA
INFRASTRUCTURE
Glten KARA1, Deniztan ULUTA2,etin CMERT1
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
1
Karadeniz Technical University, Engineering Faculty, Geomatics Engineering, Trabzon, TURKEY2Computer Science Department, Semantic Web Lab. University of Texas at Dallas, USA
http://www.harita.ktu.edu.tr/
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]7/29/2019 INSPIRE 2012-Glten Kara
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Outline
Introduction Ontology Why Semantic? Semantic Definition Projects and Studies
Semantic Web Requirements Methodology for Semantic Definition Semantic Web Languages Implementation Architecture
Transformation Problems-Tools Matching Results Future Works and Conclusion
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Introduction
In Turkey, the establishment of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)
is on the agenda.
The technologies used for technological infrastructure of any SDI areSyntactic Webtechnologies.
In the near feature, the current technologies will be replaced by SemanticWeb technologies.
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Ontology
An ontology represents a set of concepts within a domain, the
relationships between these concepts and the constraints on theproperties. In accordance with RDF or OWL, ontologies are made uptwo main components. Ontologies can assist in communication betweenpeople and computers.
LineRoad
Classes Relationships Classes
hasGeometry
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Why Semantic?
In the Information Age, the importance given to knowledge
is rapidly increasing. But, information sources are vastlyvaried and gradually increase. It is difficult to findinformation requested. Therefore, the information on theWeb is expressed that is understandable, interpretable and
usable by computers to provide for finding the morequickly and easily.
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Problem ?
To make semantic definition of the participatorsof NSDI
To implement the semantic matching betweenINSPIRE and GCM schemas
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Semantic Definition-Projects
FinnONTO Project (2003-2012)-Semantic Computing
Research Group (SeCo)
SWING Project (2006-2009)-The Information Society Technologies (IST)
Program for Research, Technology Development & Demonstration under the Sixth
Framework Programme of the European Commission. (SINTEF-LFUI-UOM-IONIC-BRGM-
JSI-NUIG)
ACE-GIS Project (2002-2004)-the Five Framework Programme of the
European Commission (UOM, INESC-ID, E-Blana Enterprise Group, IONIC, UJI,SINTEF)
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Semantic Definition- Academic Studies
Schade (2009). Ontology-Driven Translation of
Geospatial Data
Lemmens (2006). Semantic Interoperability of
Distributed Geo-Services
Dolbear vd, (2005). Semantic Interoperability
Between Topographic Data And A Flood Defence
Ontology
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Semantic Web Requirements
The semantic definition of data and services.
The semantic annotation of data and services.
The semantic matching.
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Methodology for Semantic Definition
1. The creation of syntactic definitions2. The selection transformation tools
3. The transformation the semantic web languages of
organization schema4. The selecting the suitable ontologies (Upper and domain)
5. The determining references between application and upper
level ontologies
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Use CaseINSPIRE TN Road Schema-GML Application Schema (*.xsd)General Command of Mapping (GCM- Road Schema-UMLDiagram (*.vsd)For the semantic matching, the semantic definition is required.
?
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The General Command of Mapping-GCM
(The National Mapping Agency of Turkey)
Why GCM?- Syntactic definition studies- One of the most main organizaton in NSDI
Standards of geographic domain in Turkey
- GCM FACC for 1/25000 scale map
- Large Scale Map and Map InformationProduction Regulation-FACC for 1/5000 scalemap
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The Creation of Syntactic Definition
Syntactic Definition
- Feature and attribute definitions
- Database Schema, XML Schema
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GCM Road Schema
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- RDF (Resource Description Framework)- RDFS (RDF Schema)
- DAML+OIL (DARPA Agent Markup Language)+(Ontology
Interface Layer
- OWL (Web Ontology Language)
- WSML (Web Service Modeling Language)
Semantic Web Languages
Glten KARA, etin CMERT, 2011. Ulusal Konumsal Veri Altyaps iin Semantik Veri Tanmlama, Corafi Bilgi Sistemleri Kongresi,31.10.2011-04.11.2011, AKM, Antalya
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The selection Semantik Web Language-Current tools
WSMT WSML, Protg OWL
-Expressivity providing of semantic web language
Concepts, relationships between concepts and constraints on them
the ability to express of each semantic web language is different.
But, semantic web languages use different logic languages.
Glten KARA, etin CMERT, 2011. Ulusal Konumsal Veri Altyaps iin Semantik Veri Tanmlama, Corafi Bilgi Sistemleri Kongresi,31.10.2011-04.11.2011, AKM, Antalya
Human
MaleFemale
Aye
hasAge 25
OWL uses disjoint classes in addition to RDFS
Selection the Semantic Web Language
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The Selection Transformation Tools
TopBraidComposer, XSD2OWL, UML2OWL, Protege-UMLBackend, ArgoUML, XMLSpy, Umodel
DBtoOWL ?
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The Selection Transformation Tools
Microsoft Office Visio 2010
Visual Paradigm for UML 9.0
XML (*.vdx)
UML2OWL
XMI (*.uml)
GCM Road Ontology
GCM Road Schema
OWL (*.owl)
Visio (*.vsd)
INSPIRE TN Schema (GML Application
Schema)XML Schema-OWL, DirectTranslationTopBraidComposer-commercial
GCM Road Schema (Microsoft Visio)
XML-UML-OWL , Indirect TranslationMicrosoft Visio Proffesional 2010-commercialVisual Paradigm for UML 9.0-commercialUML2OWL-open source
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Transformation to the Semantic Web Language
Microsoft Visio
Protege
P d O t l Cl ifi ti
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PhysicalObject
GeographicObject
Road
Highway
SpatialOperation
Intersection
Geometry
Polygon
GML OntologyDomain Ontology
DOLCE
Data Ontology
GCM:Road
Operation (Task) Ontology
LandslideArea
Landslide Ontology Operation Ontology
LandslideService
UPPER ONTOLOGY
LEVEL
DOMAIN ONTOLOGY
LEVEL
APPLICATION
ONTOLOGY LEVEL
DATA ONTOLOGY
LEVEL
Endurant
Particular
LineFeatureOperation
GCM:Topo25LineFeature
GCM:Highway_25m
GCM:Highway_25_50m
Proposed Ontology Classification
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Selecting suitable ontology
How do I find the suitable ontology?
Ontology search engines and ontology libraries
Swoogle, Watson, Sindice,SWSE, Protege Ontology Library,DAML Ontology Library,.etc.
Currently, a standard tool do not exist for ontology selection
Upper level ontologies : DOLCE, SUMO, Cyc
We select DOLCE ontology because its dimension smaller others.
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Semantic Definition
Semantic definition of an organization data is that
organization data is coded as understood by computers.
Organization
Schema
Feature
Definitions
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Semantic Annotation
Semantic annotation is formal statementestablishing a link between concepts in ontologyand features in a data source.
Semantic Annotation
Application Ontology
Upper Ontology
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Semantic Matching
If schemas thought as graph structure, SemanticMatchingcan be perceived as concepts of two graphnodes comparing semantically for determining thesimilarities between them.
Graph nodes may be concepts and attributes ofconcepts.
Semantic matching compares schema elements(concepts or attributes) semantically according to acommon schema, like ontologies.
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Syntactic-Semantic Matching
Item Length Width
Highway 1000 km 20 m
Pathway . .
Type Length Breadth
Highway 1000 km 20 m
Pathway . .
Syntactic
Matching
Semantic
Mapping
Road Roadbody
Item Length Width
Highway 1000 km 20 m
Pathway . .
Type Length Breadth
Highway 1000 km 20 m
Pathway . .
The existing datasets have different definitions of features.
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S-MATCH
. In our schema matching scenario, we used S-MATCH software.
. It is generic semantic schema matching tool
. It takes two schemas (XML, OWL..) and returnssemantic relations between the nodes of theschemas using WordNet lexical database as an
external resource (Background Knowledgebase)
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Why S-MATCH...
open-source
match schemas not only element level schema matchingbut also structure level schema matching
match schemas using both semantic and syntactictechniques
make use of a background knowledge base whenschema matching
Has extendable or changeable backgroundknowledgebase as our domain needs .
userfriendly
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Implementation..
We implemented the semantic matchingbetween GCM-Road Ontology and INSPIRE-TNOntology with S-Match.
S-Match uses for semantic matching WordNet- Concepts
- Relationship between concepts
- Glosses of concepts
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Implementation Architecture
S-MATCHMatch Results
WORDNET
INSPIRE TN Ontology GCM Road Ontology
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Transformation Problems-Tools
Classes and attributes include Turkish characters
and / During the XML to UML (manually)
Software dependant data types(esriFieldTypeInteger) are not transformed. During
the UML to OWL UML2OWL is not correctly transform subtype
relationship.
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Matching Results-LanguageGCM Road Ontology
1. GCM Road Ontology(Tur)-INSPIRE TN Ontology: Classes are matchedonly Thing class (Wordnet does not Turkish language)
Subtype relationship Without Subtype relationship
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Subtype relationship Without Subtype relationship
Matching Results-LanguageGCM Road Ontology(Eng)-INSPIRE TN Ontology: GCM Road ontology istranslated English language.
First hierarchy includes Subtype relationship. GCM Road > INSPIRE RoadSecond hierarchy do not includes Subtype relationship. INSPIRE Road > GCM Road
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Future Works and Conclusion
We proposed a methodology for semanticdefinition of an organization data in NSDI
We are planning to extend WordNet thatcontains Turkish spatial concepts, attributes andrelations.
We are performed semantic matching in theclass level. We plan to make works aboutmapping of schema attributes.
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Future Works and Conclusion
Tools should be developedfor the transformation of software dependant datatypes (esriFieldTypeInteger),
for the correction of names of classes andattributes
for transformation from syntactic definition tosemantic definition
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Thank you for your attention.