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Special: Metallurgy

Copper Casting machine

Seven strands in total

Thickening Technology

ZrO2 / ZnAl25Cu3 composite

Stainless steel market

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3METALL | 64. Jahrgang | 1-2/2010

In some languages a different word is used for nonferrous metals – they are called „colored metals“, for example in German

„Buntmetalle“ or in Russian „Cvet-nye metalli“. But for he 21th century we can add another term: „The green metals“. In spite of the fact that no real metal bears the colour “green” it is obvious that NF-metals are playing an important role in a green world. They are to be found in many solutions for protecting the environment and cli-mate: Some of them, like solar cells are very new while other, for instance the recycling of metals, have been well known for centuries. But even this old example has made its changes over the years: Today’s recycling technologies in industrials countries are highly so-phisticated, clean processes that have nothing in common with the dirty technologies of the past. Meanwhile, producing steel from scrap means 86% less air pollution. The creation of secondary raw materials via the recy-cling route also expends far less energy than production based on primary raw materials. But primary producers of metals have done their homework too: New metallurgical plants extract metals from ore in a very clean and ef-fective way that minimizes CO2 emis-sions, residuals and energy consump-tion. Modern aluminium smelters need only 13 to 14 kWh to produce one

kilogram of the light metal while in the 1950ies 21 kWh were needed. And alongside this NF-Metals protect our world in several applications, il-lustrated by the following examples: NF-Metals ensure a long lifetime for many products: Zinc coating helps steel constructions to resist corrosion attacks for a long time. The main fea-ture of copper roofs of old churches is their low maintenance, caused by a protective layer of patina. With this layer roofs are safe for centuries. Due to its excellent conductivity cop-per is one of the key materials for an

efficient transport of electrical energy. According to Eurocopper 60% of cop-per currently produced is used in elec-trical applications.

NF-metals are not the problem, NF-metals are the solution

The use of renewable energy sources would be impossible without metals: A large wind-driven turbine alone in-corporates more than a tonne of cop-per, to find in the rotor, bearings and cables. The C in CIS- photovoltaic cells

stands for copper, I for Indium and S for selenium. Copper tubes are neces-sary in solar heating systems and zinc coated beams hold solar devices safe on a roof. Extruded aluminium frames raise curved mirrors in Solar Power Plants off the ground and allow them to track the sun throughout the day.Catalysts on the base of precious metals are used in the purification of technical gases and the reduction of emissions from combustion engines, chemical industry and households.And it should be not forgotten that NE-metals deliver an optimal per-

formance for improving fuel economy, reduction of emissions in automo-biles – and this not only in the well-known example of the light metals Magnesium

and Aluminium. NF-Metals are also the secret behind high-strength steels which would not exist without their alloying partners titanium, niobium and other. This way metal producers must show to the public: NF-metals are not the problem, NF-metals are the solution. As a consequence METALL will show new solutions in this year with specials pages in every issue under the head-line: Green Metals – green solutions. This issue starts with this important topic on the pages 8 and 9.

Dr.-Ing. Catrin KammerChefredakteurin METALL

„Green“ scrap with valuable content. Recycling saves ressources and delivers

massive CO2-reduction.

phot

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V O R W O R T

Green Solutions with Green Metals

4 1-2/2010 | 64. Jahrgang | METALL

I N H A L T

M E T A L L V O R O R TLibraries - Archives - Museums – Collections ..........................................24

M E T A L L - M A G A Z I N M E T A L L U R G YGreen, simple, fast and efficient ...............................................................10Pan conveyors for the transport of pellets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Thickening technology to Toromocho project in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Highest quality oxygen-free copper rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12SMS group increases investment in times of crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Distribution centre in Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Orders from Chinese sheet metal producing companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Successful start-up of new continuous slab caster at Gerdau Açominas . . . . . 14HICON®/N2 bell annealer facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Production control and quality tracking at the Isbergues site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Copper rod casting machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Three dual-chamber batch-type furnace facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Fully automated slab caster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Greater precision and flexibility in BF charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Single coil overhead furnace facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Largest air separation plant in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Copper: Integrated casting and rolling plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Seven strands in total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17New Cooling Tower Direct Drive Motor and Variable Speed Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Qatalum’s first metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Siroll Electrostatic Oiler to Alcoa Samara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

M E T A L L - M A G A Z I NHighest building of the world opens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Einweihung von PETRA III. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Hochreines Niob ist ein Fall für Spezialisten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Gearbox housing for the new ZF 8-speed automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . 29Linn High Therm celebrated its 40th Anniversary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

G R E E N M E T A L S - G R E E N S O L U T I O N SGlobal recycling delivers massive CO2 reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8X-ray lead glass from electronic waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8‘End of waste’ in sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

M E T A L L - F O R S C H U N G Synthesis and characterisation of ZrO2/ZnAl25Cu3 composite

(Kastelec-Macura, S.; Acimovic-Pavlovic, Z.; Bobic, I.; Stopic, S.) . . . . . . . . . . . 25Effect of a two-step austempering process on microstructure and properties of ductile iron (Elmasry, N.; Kandil, A.; Abouelela, K.; Amer, A.) 30

M E T A L L W I R T S C H A F T & M E T A L L M A R K TLME-Preise, Halbzeugpreise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Stainless steel market remains fragile ................................................45Prior surveillance on imports of certain steel products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Battery & Fuel Cell Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Large part of the primary Tantalum supply chain is not producing in 2009 46Cautious optimism for alufoil sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Langsamer Aufstieg aus dem Tal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

M E T A L L - H I S T O R I S C HThree “celestial” elements (Cannarozzi, S. Y.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

24

8

10

12

Titel

Titel

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I N H A L T

52

T I T E L S E I T EWarmband nach Verlassen des Gerüsts F1 der Warmbandstraße von Maanshan Iron & Steel, China.(Foto: SMS Siemag AG)

Weitere Informationen tagesaktuell unter:www.metall-web.de

30

25

NEU:NEU:

M E T A L L - N A C H R I C H T E N

Anlagenbau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Non-Ferrous Metals Smelting and Organisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

M E T A L L - S E R V I C E

Editorial .................................................................................................. 3

Personalien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Veranstaltungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Dokumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Bücher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 52

Patente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Vorschau 3/2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Inserentenverzeichnis/Impressum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Special: Metallurgy

Copper Casting machine


Thickening Technology

ZrO2/ZnAl25Cu3 composite

Stainless steel market

Giesel Verlag GmbHPostfach 120158 · D-30907 IsernhagenPVST · Dt. Post AG · Entgelt bezahlt

64. Jahrgang · Februar 2010Internationale Fachzeitschrift für Wirtschaft, Technik, Wissenschaft

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6

M E T A L L - W I R T S C H A F T

1-2/2010 | 64. Jahrgang | METALL

Entwicklung der LME-Metallpreise für Aluminium, Kupfer, Zink und Blei

Entwicklung der LME-Metallpreise für Nickel und Zinn

Preisentwicklung von Aluminium-Halbzeugen (prices for Al

semis) (Daten nach Preiserhebung des wgm -

Wirtschaftsverband Großhandel Metallhalbzeug e.V.)

- AlMg3-Blech (sheet) 1-3 mm

- Strangpress-Profile (extrusion profiles) AlMgSi0,5

- Al-Stangen (rods) AlCuMgPb � 20 mm

Preisentwicklung von Kupfer-Halbzeugen (prices for Cu

semis) (Daten nach Preiserhebung des wgm - Wirtschafts-

verband Großhandel Metallhalbzeug e.V.)

- Cu-Blech (sheet) 0,6 mm SF-Cu (OF-Cu)

- Ms58-Stangen (Brass Ms 58 rods) � 10 mm

Nickel leicht gestiegen Zinn deutlich teurer

Zink wieder teurer als Blei Blei leicht gestiegenn Kupfer deutlich teurer Aluminium leicht gestiegen

DEUTSCHE EDELSTAHLWERKE, Auestr. 4, D-58452 Witten / Obere Kaiserstr., D-57078 Siegen / www.dew-stahl.com

Wir beliefern die Welt.Die Deutschen Edelstahlwerke sind ein führendes Unter-nehmen in der Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Edelstahl-Langprodukten.

Mit rund 4.000 Mitarbeitern produzieren wir ein einzig-artiges Produktangebot, das zufriedene Kunden rund umden Globus nutzen, um ihre Visionen zu verwirklichen.

Deutsche Edelstahlwerke: Providing special steel solutionsDeutsche Edelstahlwerke: Providing special steel solutions

8



Green Solutions with green Metals

8 Dec 2009. “BIR’s recent study on the environment benefits of recycling shows the important contribution our members make to energy, water and CO2 savings,” says Dominique Maguin, BIR’s President. “The fig-ure of 500 million tonnes of reduced CO2 is a conservative estimate based on sound scientific analysis. Let me put it in context: this figure is equiva-lent to almost 2% of global fossil fuel emissions and represents more than the CO2 emitted by aviation world-wide.”BIR was participating in the Bright Green Exhibition and conference in Copenhagen on the 12th and 13th of December 2009 and BIR Director General Francis Veys was a member of the official delegation of the Interna-tional Chamber of Commerce.

“The purpose of Bright Green is to showcase specific approaches to ad-dress climate change challenges,” explains Francis Veys. “BIR will be supported by GI, the Danish recy-cling federation to make the case for our industry. Our members across the globe are providing nearly 50% of the raw materials needed, and we can still increase this figure. The collection of waste can be improved and the recycling activities are indispensible for saving energy, gas emissions and natural resources. It is of paramount importance to leave a safe, clean and welcoming planet for future genera-tions.”The members of BIR represent a glo-bal powerhouse industry, processing over 600 million tonnes of commodi-ties, with an annual turnover exceed-

ing 200 billion US dollars, similar to the GDP of countries such as Portugal, Colombia and Malaysia. “Our 1.6 mil-lion employees are justifiably proud to be part of this industry,” Francis Veys adds. “And, each of them can point to an individual contribution of over 300 tonnes of CO2 reduction per year. That figure will continue to grow if re-cycled materials become the resources of choice in the future.”BIR President Maguin concludes: “The UN’s 2005 Millennium Assess-ment Report showed that a majority of the ecosystems that provide raw materials are being degraded or used unsustainably, threatening life on Earth. We can minimise and reverse this damage by increasing environ-mentally-responsible recovery and reuse of valuable materials.”

A huge amount of glass from Europe’s electronic waste is not recycled, even though there are plenty of opportuni-ties to do so. A new innovation from Stena makes it possible to convert old monitors to x-ray protection glass.“With this new patented product, we can utilize more of the glass in electronic waste,” says Detlef Oertel, responsible for R&D in the board of

GRIAG Glasrecycling, which is part of the Stena Metall Group. “The new lead glass product protects against ra-diation and can be used, for example, at hospitals.”Only 35 % of the glass in Europe’s elec-tronics waste is recycled. This means that around 300,000 tons of glass are not used for material recycling even though there are proven methods to process it. Since its start, GRIAG Glasrecycling, part of the Stena Metall Group, has recycled glass from over ten million TV sets and monitors at its facility outside Berlin. “We recy-cle glass from electronic waste from customers in ten European countries. The potential market for the material is strong, and in the years ahead we ex-pect to double capacity,” says Staffan Johansson, president of GRIAG Glas-recycling.In recent years the company has devel-oped innovative new products from the glass in electronic waste. “With our new x-ray protection glass, it will be possible to convert glass from tel-

evision and computer monitors to a new product with environmental ad-vantages,” he continues. “Independ-ent tests show that the radiation pro-tection is comparable to that of exist-ing products on the market.”One of the benefits of the new recycled x-ray glass is that it is fully transparent which is unique among products on the market. It can also be manufac-tured in many sizes. “Initially we will be focusing on customers that need radiation protection from medical equipment, but eventually we expect that the product will be used in several different industries.”Staffan Johansson describes how one of his colleagues at Stena passed a se-curity checkpoint at an airport with the x-ray lead glass in his bag. “When he passed through the control, the security guard’s monitor went com-pletely dark and he wanted to know what my colleague was carrying. This was further proof that the product works as well as it should,” he con-cludes.

Global recycling delivers massive CO2 reduction

X-ray lead glass from electronic waste

phot

o: S

tena

met

all

X-ray-protection glass made of glass from

electronic waste



‘End of waste’ in sight

International Environment Council: BIR Autumn Round-Table Sessions

The recycling industry must remain united as it nears its long-held goal of extricating its end-products, i.e. materials ready for melting or re-pulping, from waste legislation, delegates to the BIR’s International Environment Council (IEC) meeting in Amsterdam were urged by its Chairman, Olivier François of Galloometal in Belgium. Currently under discussion, criteria for establishing the “end of waste” will bring welcome harmonisation and legal certain-ty for the entire EU recycling industry, while at the same time reducing its administrative burden, Mr François explained. It is “very important”, therefore, for recyclers to support the final push towards defining the “end of waste” for the various recyclables, he said. “We really must keep this target in mind. We need to be strong and we need to be strong together.” Further developments on end-of-waste criteria for iron scrap and aluminium scrap are anticipated before the end of this year, he added.Earlier, BIR’s Environmental & Technical Director Ross Bar-tley confirmed that the OECD is advancing with its work on Sustainable Materials Management (SMM), with case studies developed on aluminium, plastics and wood fibres, among other materials. In shifting from “end-of-life” thinking to-wards a more integrated life-cycle approach, SMM is intended to ensure that material resources are managed sustainably and used efficiently throughout their life-cycle to help promote economic growth, environmental quality and sustainable development. While SMM should be “good for recycling”, Mr Bartley expressed concern at “elements of protectionism” contained within the related documentation. Mr Bartley also invited BIR recycling companies to consider participating in PACE, the Basel Convention’s Partnership for Action on Computing Equipment. Established in January 2009, this brings together personal computer manufacturers, refurbishers, recyclers, international organisations, academia, environmental groups and governments in a bid to improve the management of used and end-of-life computing equip-ment. Its project groups will cover: environmentally sound management criteria; refurbishment and repair; material re-cycling and recovery; and awareness-raising and training. Two guest speakers addressed the IEC meeting in Amster-dam. The first, Frans Bijlhouwer of Quality Consultants in the Netherlands, spoke of the growing importance of quality management systems such as ISO 9001 in the recycling indus-try. Suppliers, customers and government agencies - includ-ing China’s General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) - are increasingly ask-ing for certification of this kind; therefore, companies going down this route are improving their competitive position both in domestic and world markets, he explained. In addition, adoption of a quality management system serves to improve business performance and to boost confidence in a company. Furthermore, it could assist in the meeting of EU “end-of-waste” criteria.

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M E T A L L - M A G A Z I N


In 2000, Kögel was one of the first trailer manufacturers to introduce cathodic dip coat-ing with prior zinc phosphat-

ing for frames, axles and other steel components. Today the sector views the quality of the corrosion resistance and coating of the Kögel trailers as the benchmark. „Rust is a thing of the past on semi-trailers, but our responsibil-ity goes further than rust prevention. As a manufacturer on an expansion course throughout Europe, not only the quality of the products but also the sustainability of the production proc-esses is crucial.“ states plant manager Franz Tropsch. Zinc phosphating has been the stand-ard surface pretreatment method used in the vehicle industry to ensure first-class prepaint treatment. How-

ever, it does have two negative envi-ronmental aspects. First, energy is consumed to heat the pretreatment baths, and second, phosphate sludge that contains heavy metals is formed during the process, and this has to be disposed of. Henkel was predestined for an improvement of the process, as the company has a history of inno-vative developments for metal pre-treatment, which have brought about significant improvements relative to conventional methods. In 1995, for example, chromating was replaced by a new kind of pretreatment method, as was iron phosphating in 2002. In both cases, environmental impacts were drastically reduced and indus-trial processes were considerably simplified. “In terms of the quality of the coating, zinc phosphating process is the optimum,” says Henkel project leader Dr. Torsten Körner. “The challenge we faced was to develop an alternative conversion coating, which would be just as effective and would offer concrete process benefits.” The result of Henkel‘s development work is the completely new TecTalis pro-cess.

Green, simple, fast and effi cient Replacement for zinc phosphating

phot

os: H

enke

l

Kögel Fahrzeugwerke, manufacturer of semi-trailers switched to the new

TecTalis metal pretreatment in its production process instead of traditional

zinc phosphating, the former standard for industrial conversion coating.

The advantages are a considerable reduction in the burden on the environ-

ment, without compromising quality in any way, and enhanced reliability of

the pretreatment.

The quality of the protection and paintwork are unsurpassed. By introducing the new

TecTalis pretreatment process, Kögel has raised the bar in the European commercial

vehicles sector. The same applies to the environmental compatibility of the production

process.

Up to three metric tons of steel are processed for the frame of a semi-trailer. The new

TecTalis pretreatment needs only a few minutes to ensure that it will be free of rust for

a very long time.



Fewer process steps, higher throughput. In comparison to zinc phosphating,

the pretreatment effort is reduced by up to 30 percent. Moreover, the process

can run at room temperature, significantly cutting energy costs.

In the fast lane with nanotechnology

Technically, TecTalis differs from zinc phosphating in that it has fewer proc-ess steps and the baths no longer need to be heated. Instead of heating the phosphating bath to 60°C, TecTalis runs at room temperature. The TecTa-lis process uses a solution that contains zirconium. A pickling reaction occurs in the first step, shifting the pH at the surface of the metal substrate into the alkaline range. As a consequence, the metal ions that will form the coating settle on the surface and bond with it. A conversion layer is created, the com-ponents of which include zirconium oxide, a nanoceramic material used in modern dentures. According to Dr. Maximilian Schönherr, head of devel-opment for surface treatments at Hen-kel: “In contrast to the crystalline layer obtained by zinc phosphating, TecTa-lis forms a much thinner, amorphous, surface coating. In fact, it is only 20 to 50 nanometers thick, which is about 100 times thinner than before.”

Switchover on the existing plant

An important advantage of TecTalis is that the process can run on existing plants without having to invest in new equipment. The switchover took about one week. One crucial prerequisite was the thorough cleaning of the tanks to ensure that zinc phosphate residues could not interfere with the new proc-ess. In order to be absolutely sure, the

process water was again analyzed very precisely for residual phosphate before the new TecTalis product was added.

Dr. Schönherr: “This precision ulti-mately paid off, because the TecTalis process performed perfectly at Kögel from the very beginning.” Kögel head of production Tropsch was also satis-fied: “In terms of corrosion protection and paint adhesion, TecTalis meets the high standards to which we had become accustomed from the zinc phosphating process. Our specifica-tions were complied with, and in some cases even surpassed, from day one.” The reliability of the process is of vital importance, given its high throughput in three-shift operation. Henkel there-fore supplies a well designed analysis and control system in the form of the Lineguard supervisor. The process runs automatically while the complex process parameters are continuously monitored by a variety of measure-ment probes and are used to control the operation of the top-up dispensing pumps. The user therefore has a con-tinuous on-site overview of all relevant ingredients and the total process, and he can intervene on his own initiative if necessary. In comparison with zinc phosphating, the TecTalis process is easier to run, as it has a wider proc-ess window. “Our pretreatment proc-esses are now free of toxic heavy met-als. Moreover, the process generates only about one tenth of the previous amount of sludge residue, which also significantly reduces the burden on the environment,” summarizes Tropsch.

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Franz Tropsch (right), plant manager at Kögel, and Dr. Torsten Körner from

Henkel jointly managed the successful implementation of the innovative

TecTalis pretreatment technology.

12. – 16. April 2010Düsseldorf, Germany

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Outotec has been awarded a contract by Minera Chinalco Perú for the supply of a thickening technology for Toromocho’s greenfield copper project in Peru. The contract value is approximately EUR 11 million. Outotec’s scope includes design, fab-rication and delivery of four Outotec Paste Thickeners, each 43 meters of diameter. The thickeners feature Outotec Vane Feedwell technology

and concentric shear thinning sys-tems. The technology package also includes six concentrate thickeners of various diameters and spare parts for start-up and commissioning. Toromocho has significant mineral reserves. Minera Chinalco’s new mine will have an estimated annual capac-ity of 250,000 tonnes of copper con-centrate with molybdenum and silver by-products. “This contract is a great

example of Outotec’s ability to deliver paste thickeners and shear thinning devices, combined with Outotec’s vast expertise in modular structures. This will meet the demanding restrictions in transportation dimensions and will reduce the installation time to the minimum in challenging conditions of the Peruvian Andes,” Brandt Hen-riksson, Global Thickeners Technol-ogy Manager of Outotec, says.

Thickening technology to Toromocho project in Peru

After intensive negotiations the Metal-lurgy Division of Aumund Fördertech-nik GmbH, Rheinberg, has now been awarded the order for the delivery of four each deep drawn pan conveyors, troughed chain conveyors and bucket elevators for the Sohar Pelletizing plant for the Vale Oman Industrial Project in Oman. At present, the Bra-zilian mining group Vale is working on the construction of the iron ore pellet plant in the port of Sohar, its first investment outside Brazil. The new Vale plant should produce up to 10 million tons of iron ore pellets per year. The plant will supply the whole Middle East with iron ore pellets for the steel industry. The delivery scope of the first package consists of four identical deep drawn pan conveyors of type KZB 2000/350/6 and of four, also identical, troughed chain con-veyors (TKF 800/2). The special con-veyors with a center distance of 64 m and a conveying capacity of roughly 760 t/h receive the up to 300 degree

Celsius hot pellet material from vibra-tory feeders. The max. possible han-dling speed would be 1,125 t/h. The pellets are transported by the deep drawn pan conveyors at a conveying speed of 0.24 m/s to a grizzly feeder. The troughed chain conveyors with a

center distance of roughly 47 m are used beneath the pan conveyors to collect possible spillage material. A second package comprises two belt bucket elevators (BWG 630/360) and two chain bucket elevators (BWZ-L 400/250).

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Aumund deep-drawn pan conveyor

Pan conveyors for the transport of pellets

Metallurgie - Metallurgy

As specialists in the design and manu-facture of continuous casting equip-ment for the wire and cable, foundry and precious metal industries, Rautomead Limited’s growing business links with the Balkan states have received a fur-ther boost in the form of a firm order

from Elkabel JSC of Bourgas, Bulgaria for an RS 3000/6 copper rod casting machine. The RS 3000/6 model will be used to produce high quality 8mm oxygen-free copper rod. Rautomead’s unique integrated melting and cast-ing graphite crucible is at the heart of

the machine’s success. Crucially, the all-carbon containment system acts as a strongly reducing environment and avoids risk of ceramic refractory contamination of the molten copper. These factors ensure the highest qual-ity oxygen-free copper rod.

Highest quality oxygen-free copper rod



Benxi Iron & Steel Co. Ltd., Benxi, Liaoning Province, has placed an order with Andritz Metals to sup-ply an electrolytic galvanizing plant for steel strip. The plant will operate on the basis of the Gravitel process developed by Andritz and used for applications in the automotive and the household appliances industries The line will have an annual capacity of 309,000 t.

Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Prov-ince, has commissioned the business area to deliver a new annealing and pickling line with a planned annual capacity of 435,000 t. The contract comprises the mechani-cal equipment, including a skin-pass mill, the complete electrical equip-ment, automation, and the anneal-ing furnace.

For Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co. Ltd., Tongling, Anhui Province, Andritz Metals will supply a 20-high rolling mill for production of strip for the electronic industry. In addition to the complete mechani-cal equipment for the rolling mill, the scope of supply also includes the electric drives, automation and tech-nological control system, as well as a roll grinding machine.

Orders from Chinese sheet metal producing companies

Aumund has opened a new distribu-tion centre in Hong Kong. Custom-ers in the Asia-Pacific region can now experience quicker deliveries and therefore much shorter overall lead times than previously, when all ship-ments were from Europe. The facility further improves the service levels of the company’s global service network, adding to already established distri-bution centres in Rheinberg, Germa-ny, and in Atlanta, USA. Two more centres are in the advanced planning stage, in India and Brazil.

Distribution centre in Hong Kong

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Aumund Foerdertechnik GmbH’s main spare parts store is located within the

production premises in Rheinberg.

17 Dec. 2009 - As a result of the glo-bal financial and economic crisis, the order intake of the SMS group in 2009 will take a dive to less than half of the previous year’s result (2008: EUR 5.15 billion). So far, capacity utiliza-tion has hardly been affected, because the company is still working its way through a high stock of orders from the boom years. That also explains why sales in 2009 are set to match the previous year’s level of EUR 3.6 bil-lion. However, short-time work has already started in some areas, and it looks likely to spread in the course of next year.“We’ll use the crisis to boost our technological development and effi-ciency,” Dr. Heinrich Weiss, Chair-man of the SMS group stated. “Our investment programs will go ahead as planned, with budgets increased anti-cyclically so we can make the

most of low purchase prices. Next to our headquarters in Hilchenbach, Germany, our family-owned com-pany, founded over 130 years ago, is building one of Europe’s most mod-ern heavy machinery construction shops. Going green is just one reason our technological development will focus on resource-saving machine and plant construction strategies. That, in turn, means our customers will benefit from increased competi-tiveness”.According to Weiss, the current recession was to be expected after the long boom, but the credit crunch exacerbated it. “Basically, this cycle fits into the long-term pattern of the German machinery and plant construction market. There have always been boom years followed by a few lean years. Our innovativeness and experienced, constantly higher

trained core staff plus our independ-ence from banks due to our cautious financial policy make me confident we’ll pull through this crisis even stronger than before.”To maintain its leading market posi-tion, the SMS group relies on continu-ous innovation and expert personnel. Despite the crisis, the trainee quota in the group is currently some seven percent of the workforce – much higher than the industry average. Close cooperation with schools and universities, the SMS student support scheme, tailor-made introduction programs for newly-qualified engi-neers, and the SMS Akademie with its broad range of education classes for all staff members demonstrate the special emphasis on training and further qualification in the company. The number of employees in the group worldwide is around 8,900.

SMS group increases investment in times of crisis

14



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Rautomead Limited of Dundee Scotland have secured a firm order from Elsan Elektrik Gerecieri SA of Denizli, Turkey to supply an RS 3000/6 copper rod casting machine for use in the manufacture of enam-elled wires. Rautomead’s expertise in graphite crucible and electrical resist-

ance heating technology is nowhere better illustrated than by its applica-tion to copper wire rod production. Crucially, the all-carbon contain-ment system acts as a strongly reduc-ing environment and avoids risk of ceramic refractory contamination of the molten copper.

These factors ensure the highest qual-ity oxygen-free copper rod. Elsan will be building its own operating plat-form and cathode feed but in accord-ance with Rautomead designs. Pro-prietary components of the standard coilers will be supplied as kits for local manufacture.

Copper rod casting machine

PSI has been awarded by ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel with implementing the production man-agement system PSImetals for the rolling mill and thermal treatment in the electric strip cold rolling mill in Isbergues, France. The goals of ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel are harmonised processes and reduced expenditures in the IT administration by means of a standardised shop-floor

system in all the plants. The solution is based on the PSImetals components for Production Execution (PES) and Advanced Line Sequencing (ALS). The specific plant programs will be generated and implemented for all the system types in the rolling mill and the tempering. The cross-plant tracking of the production orders, including the production data acqui-sition and implementation of the

quality standards, is handled at the level of the specific plant segment by means of a task-optimised menu. ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel expects benefits especially in retroactive qual-ity analyses. Every modification and defect, including precise information about where the position of the defect was in which stage of treatment, is shown in a graphical material geneal-ogy for every piece of electrical steel.

Siemens VAI Metals Technologies has brought a new continuous slab caster into operation. It was ordered by Gerdau Açominas, a Brazilian steelmaking company which is a member of the Gerdau Group. The plant has already cast slabs of various sizes and steel grades since production started at the Ouro Branco Works in Brazil. With this new plant, Gerdau Açominas can now produce 1.5 mil-lion tonnes of high-quality steels for the flat steel market. The acceptance certificate was issued in the middle of October 2009.

In August 2009, Ebner received an order from United Wire Factories Co., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for a HICON®/N2bell annealer facility. The scope of supply includes two HICON®/N2

workbases, two heating bells and two cooling bells, a control center and ancillary equipment. The facility will be used to recrystallize bailing wire in nitrogen process atmosphere. With

an effective workload space diameter of 3,450 mm and a charging height of 4,400 mm, each workbase can accommodate a net charge of up to 48 tonnes.

Production control and quality tracking at the Isbergues site

Successful start-up of new continuous slab caster at Gerdau Açominas

HICON®/N2 bell annealer facility

Continuous slab caster at the

Brazilian steelmaking company

Gerdau Açominas



Teich AG in Mühlhofen/Austria is expanding its cold rolling mill II and has placed an order with Ebner for three dual-chamber batch-type furnaces to anneal aluminum and aluminum alloy foil coils in air. Each

of the three dual-chamber batch-type furnace facilities consists of two chambers that can be operated independently of each other without interference. Each furnace chamber consists of two zones, each fitted

with a gas-fired radiant tube and a frequency-controlled recirculation fan. The facilities will be set up in line with the existing furnaces and can be charged using the existing charging equipment.

Three dual-chamber batch-type furnace facilities

With the installation of Precimeter equipment at the Laminazone Sottile plant in Italy during May 2009, the plant now has access to a modern slab production facilitiy. In order to con-vince the engineers from Laminazone Sottile, Precimeter had to prove the superiority of its ProH sensors. Lami-nazone had previous, less encouraging, experiences with laser sensors from a competitor. This is why they doubted the ProH would work properly in their steam rich environment. Laminazone went ahead with an installation con-sisting of ProH sensors for high accu-

racy measurement of the metal level in the distribution launder and moulds, Starter Dams and PXP-2E:s for high precision control of the metal level and the Tilt Angle Feedback (TAFB) for measurement of the tilting angle of the furnace. After only three weeks of commissioning and on site training, local staff was able to perform a three-mould slab cast merely by the push of one single button.The main selling point for Laminazone to go ahead with the installation was to increase the safety in the working envi-ronment. With a fully automated sys-

tem, workers do not need to be present close to the process during casting. One further reason was that they were given a tool to achieve repeatability in the process.During casting, the metal level is kept within +/-1mm from the set point. By achieving this exact and accurate control, in combination with an alarm function, they are able to cast at a low-er mold level than they used to. The repeatability of the process level has given a tool to fine tune other param-eters such as for instance water cooling and casting speed.

Fully automated slab caster

G L Ü H E N I M G R O S S E N S T I L !

Gebr. LÖCHER Glüherei GmbHMühlenseifen 2, 57271 HilchenbachTel. 02733-8968-0 Fax. 02733-896810Email: [email protected]

Von Spannungsarmglühen, Weichglühen, Homogeni-sieren, Normalisieren bis hin zum Luftvergüten … Wir bringen Ihre Produkte wärmetechnisch auf Vorder-mann!

Die Wärmebehandlungen werden im Lohn im Bereich von 300 – 1.000 °C, insbesondere für größere Glühgü-ter bis 14,40 m Länge, 4,20 m Breite, 3,00 m Höhe und bis zu 100 t Einzelgewicht durchgeführt.

Für Stahl und NE-Metalle, z. B. Aluminium, Kupfer, Messing und Titan, sowie Eisenwerkstoffe. TÜV-zuge-lassene Ofenanlagen, Werkstoffkompetenz und hohe Temperaturgenauigkeiten runden Ihr Anforderungs-profil ab.

16



Since end of September 2009, the re-built blast furnace ‘C’ at Tata Steel Ltd´s Jamshedpur works India has been operating with Siemens new Simetal Gimbal Top charging systems. Tata Steel became the first steelmaker to utilize this new charging system on a blast furnace. From furnace fill, through blow-in to its current operating level of 2,000 tonnes of hot metal per day, the top charging system has already com-pleted in excess of 28,000 skip charg-es without major interruption. The Gimbal Top provides Tata Steel with precise material distribution and the potential of infinite flexibility in the choice of charging patterns. The new

Gimbal Top charging system utilizes a conical distribution chute support-ed by rings in a gimbal arrangement. This tilting chute is hydraulically driven through the operating shafts, connecting rods and universal joints in order to drive the gimbal rings. This integrated charging solution provides blast furnace operators with precise material distribution and the potential for an infinite number of charging patterns.

Greater precision and fl exibility in BF charging

Simetal Gimbal Top in action on

Tata Steel‘s blast furnace C in

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9 Dec 2009 - Shandong Jinsheng, a Chinese producer of high-quality copper rod, has placed an order with SMS Meer, Germany, for the supply of a complete continuous casting and rolling plant. The type CONTIROD® plant is the second of its kind supplied to Shandong Jinsheng. The plant is designed to be erected in Shandong Jinsheng‘s new facility in the Shan-

dong Linyi Economic Development Area. The new wire rod mill forms part of Shandong Jinsheng‘s strat-egy of safeguarding its leading posi-tion in the production of wire rod by increasing the annual output to more than 320,000 t of high-quality copper wire rod. The line is designed for an output of 48 t/h. The plant comprises the SMS Meer-designed gas control

system for the shaft furnace for melt-ing copper cathodes. The modular designed Hazelett twin-belt caster will offer the largest casting sec-tion of 123 mm by 70 mm in China. The plant also comprises the highly flexible 14-stand rolling mill with frequency-controlled AC drives and integrated coil compacting and foil packing equipment.

Copper: Integrated casting and rolling plant

The The Linde Group will build and commission a state-of-the-art 2,550 tonnes per day (tpd) air separation unit (ASU) at Tata Steel Ltd’s plant in Jamshedpur, India. Once commis-sioned in early 2012, this will be the largest air separation plant in India and one of Linde’s largest in Asia.

The announcement follows The Linde Group’s signing of a long-term con-tract with Tata Steel for the supply of over 4,000 tpd of gaseous oxygen, nitrogen and argon. The new ASU will cater to Tata Steel’s current expansion of its world-class steel making facility in Jamshedpur.

The expansion will increase the plant’s steel making capacity to 10 million tonnes a year. As part of the agreement, Linde will also acquire and operate three exist-ing ASUs owned by Tata Steel for the supply of gases to their Jamshedpur works.

Largest air separation plant in India

Teich AG, Mühlhofen, Austria is including Ebner in its expansion of cold rolling mill II by placing an order for two additional furnace chambers for the single coil overhead furnace which has been in operation since early 2007. The two furnace cham-bers anneal aluminum and aluminum

alloy strip coils (starting material for foil) in air totally independently of each other. Each of the two furnace chambers stands on a support structure and is charged from below with a strip coil placed on the furnace floor. An air circulation blower, two P-type

radiant tubes mounted on the walls and jets in the walls of each furnace chamber ensure fast, even heating of every single strip coil. The purging air, which removes the evaporating lubricant, is preheated to 200°C in a recuperator which utilizes the heat of the exhaust.

Single coil overhead furnace facility



Siemens VAI Metals Technologies put into operation four continu-ous slab casters comprising a total of seven strands within just four weeks at Zhangjiagang Rong Sheng Co. Ltd. (ZRS), a Chinese steel producer. The CCM4, CCM5 and CCM6 two-strand casters and the CCM7 single-strand, thick-slab caster were equipped with modern key components and techno-logical packages to enable ZRS to cast high-quality slabs for a multitude of industrial applications.


One of the new continuous slab

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Baldor offers the power dense ener-gy efficient technology of the RPM AC motor with permanent magnet (PM) rotor technology to provide a direct drive motor for cooling tower applications. This motor is designed to replace conventional designs and provides the additional

energy savings advantages of an variable speed control with the new VS1CTD cooling tower PM drive. The VS1CTD software is designed exclusively to operate the Baldor PM cooling tower motor for un-paralleled efficiency, reliability and ease of set-up.

New Cooling Tower Direct Drive Motor and

Variable Speed Drive

Hertwich Engineering (HE), Austria, a company of SMS Meer, Germany, in September 2009 successfully commis-sioned its largest billet saw to date at Otto Fuchs KG, Meinerzhagen, Ger-many. Based on the CKS range of cir-cular saws, this saw plant stands out for its sheer size and is designed to process cast billets with a diameter of 700 mm

and up to 7 t in weight. The saw blade measures 1,920 mm in diameter.Cut lengths can be choosen between 200 and 2,000 mm, besides test slices of 30 mm thickness. All cut pieces are automatically pin marked and stacked into customer’s standard frames.The bulk of the production is blocks of 400 to 2,000 mm length, which are later forged into automotive and aero-space components. Shorter blocks 200 to 400 mm are cut as forging stock for alloy wheels. Several special features are incorporated for instance feed control, which limits the cutting feed to 380 A power, for optimized performance.The cutting parameters for various alloys and billet diameters are further-more stored in the data management system for user friendly operation.

Largest billet saw to date goes into operation

MMETALL

contact the editor:

[email protected]

ContinuousCastingTechnology

www.rautomead.com


Its German partner, Strukturmetall (near Heilbronn) processed the material and supplied 400 tons to Dubai, where it was cut to slices.

These strips, 420 millimeter in width, are wall-mounted at the front sides of the floor platforms and include the huge glass windows of the outside front. Since 2004, the gigantic tower was built up. 850 posts, driven up to 55 meters deep into the desert floor, now carry a load of 230,000 cubic meters of concre-te and 31,000 tons of steel. In selecting the material to frame the window front the engineers and designers were guided not only by stainless steel’s architectural beauty and resistance to environmental influences. They also took care to ensure that the material would not reflect the sun too strongly and distract pilots approa-ching Dubai Airport. “Guaranteeing consistently high surface quality for this huge facade was a particular challenge,” says Gert Weiss, product service mana-ger with ThyssenKrupp Nirosta. Helmut Baumgartl, managing director of Struk-turmetall, adds: “The requirements set by the developer Emaar in Dubai were very high. That’s why the client insisted on material and know-how from Germany.” The task of Strukturmetall was to emboss a pattern (5WL) into the smooth stainless steel panels to increase rigidity and redu-ce weight. “This ensures a higher stiff-ness and a specific reduction of weight”, Baumgartl adds.

Highest building of

the world opensGerman companies supplied stain-

less steel for the façade of the Burj

Tower in Dubai

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The Burj Tower in Dubai offi cially opened Janu-

ary 4h and is now accessible for the public. At

818 meter height, the tower is the highest build-

ing of the world. The skyscraper’s façade is cov-

ered with stainless steel made in Germany. The

company ThyssenKrupp Nirosta produced the

material in Krefeld and rolled it in its plant in

Dillenburg.



Qatalum is being built in Mesaieed, Qatar, and is an equal joint venture between Qatar Petroleum and Hydro. Brandtzæg

underlined that Qatalum represents a significant strengthening of Hydro’s position as one of the leading pro-ducers in the global aluminium industry.“When Qatalum is at full production during next year, the plant will open new, markets for Hydro and supply the Middle East, Asia and

North America with 585,000 tonnes on an annual basis,“ he says. Hydro’s equity share is 290,000 tonnes.

Challenge and milestone

Construction of Qatalum is managed by Hydro’s project organization. The Hydro chief executive is full of praise for the efforts of the men and women in the Project team who, in coopera-tion with numerous international and local contractors and suppliers, have made this achievement. Now an oper-ating team soon to be around 1,100 is ready to start operations. Brandtzæg: “The commissioning of Qatalum is an important and pleas-ant bright spot in a challenging year. It will stand out as a milestone in Hydro’s history.”

Risen from the desert sands

Qatalum has been brought to com-pletion on time in a region in the early stage marked by a globally unprecedented construction boom

and then followed by a global finan-cial crises. With the start-up the first cell in the Qatalum plant in Qatar, one of the largest and most modern primary aluminium plants has risen from the desert sands in just 25 months. Total investment costs including establishment of the Qatalum organi-zation are approximately $5.7 billion. Hydro’s share of the investment is 50 per cent.According to the agreements, Hydro will bring all the products to the markets. Qatalum will now be a part of Hydro’s global network as one of the most cost efficient plants any-where. “This is cutting-edge technol-ogy, developed in Norway by Hydro’s facilities and in cooperation with the Norwegian aluminium cluster. The commissioning of this great plant is an achievement for Hydro - for Nor-way and for Norwegian technology as well as for Qatar Petroleum and Qatar,” says Brandtzæg.

Qatalum’s fi rst metal Svein Richard Brandtzæg: “A great achievement”

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December 20 the fi rst cell in Qatalum started production of primary alu-

minium. “The commissioning of Qatalum on time and on cost is a great

achievement, and a result of our 40 years of cooperation with Qatar and

Qatar Petroleum. I am proud to announce that Norway’s largest foreign on-

shore investment ever is now in operation,” said Svein Richard Brandtzæg,

President and CEO of Hydro.

Santosh Pelekar, S.M. Rafiquzzaman, Abhay

Dhuwe, process supervisor og Sashikant

Mali reading the instructions on cell D001.

Einar Rinde and Bernt Rune Nyheim measu-

ring the amperage at cell D006.

Qatalum’s long potroom building, close to 1,200 meters.

20



Wi s s e n s c h a f t l e r erhoffen sich mit PETRA III grundle-gend neue Einsich-

ten in die Struktur der Materie. „Mit PETRA III nehmen wir bei DESY die weltbeste Synchrotronstrahlungs-quelle ihrer Art in Betrieb“, so Prof. Helmut Dosch, Vorsitzender des DESY-Direktoriums. „Die hochener-getischen haarfeinen Röntgenstrah-len von PETRA III werden es Wis-senschaftlern aus den unterschied-lichsten Disziplinen ermöglichen, gestochen scharfe Bilder von Nano- und Biomaterialien zu erhalten, eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für die Medikamente und Hochleistungsma-terialien von morgen.“Der bestehende PETRA-Ringbe-schleuniger wurde dafür auf den neu-esten Stand der Technik gebracht.

Zudem wurde eine 280 Meter lange Experimentierhalle gebaut, in der an 14 Strahlführungen und 30 Mess-plätzen gleichzeitig gearbeitet wird. Das entscheidend Neue sind aber die „Undulator-Magnete“, die die im Ring beschleunigten Teilchen auf Schlingerkurs bringen und zum Erzeugen von besonders intensiver Röntgenstrahlung anregen. PETRA III hat bereits vor der vollständigen Inbetriebnahme einen Rekord auf-gestellt: Die Anlage hat den feinsten Röntgenstrahl der Welt erzeugt.

DESY wird 50!

Am 18. Dezember 2010 feierte das Deutsche Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY den 50 Gevburtstag. Seit seiner Gründung am 18. Dezem-ber 1959 hat sich DESY zu einem weltweit anerkannten Zentrum für Grundlagenforschung entwickelt. 1959 wurde DESY per Staatsvertrag zwischen der Stadt Hamburg und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gegründet. Der Gründungsvater und erste Direktor Prof. Willibald

Einweihung von PETRA III Startschuss für modernste Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle der Welt

Forscher aus aller Welt erhalten in Hamburg ein neues Forschungsgerät

der Superlative: Auf dem Campus des Deutschen Elektronen-Synchrotrons

DESY – einem Forschungszentrum der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft – ist kürz-

lich die modernste Ringbeschleuniger-basierte Synchrotronstrahlungsquel-

le der Welt feierlich eingeweiht worden.

Luftbild Beschleuniger bei DESY (2006): Eingezeichnet ist der Verlauf der unterirdi-

schen Ringbeschleuniger PETRA und HERA sowie die Lage der vier großen Hallen mit

den HERA-Detektoren (Nord, Süd, Ost, West). Das DESY-Gelände wird vom PETRA-Ring

umschlossen, HERA verläuft auch unter Wohn- und Gewerbegebieten sowie unter dem

Hamburger Volkspark.

Der Präsident der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Jürgen Mlynek, Hamburgs For-

schungssenatorin Herlind Gundelach, Bundesforschungsministerin Annette

Schavan und DESY-Direktor Helmut Dosch (v.l.n.r.) nehmen PETRA III symbo-

lisch in Betrieb.



Bei Temperaturen von über 2500 °C im Vakuum gelingt es hier, reinste Niobqualitä-ten im industriellen Maßstab

herzustellen. Niob wird überwiegend als Legierungsbestandteil vor allem in Stahl verwendet. Aber nur 3 – 4 % der Weltproduktion von Niob (ca. 60.000 t) wird als reines Metall benötigt. Wichti-ge Produkte sind z.B. hochreines Niob für Elementarteilchenbeschleuniger, Niob-1%-Zirkonium-Legierungen für die Stromdurchführungen in Natri-um-Hochdruckdampflampen für die Straßenbeleuchtung sowie eine Rei-he verschiedenster Halbzeuge für die Medizin- und Halbleitertechnik. Die Herstellung der kleinen Niob-Bauteil-chen im Durchmesserbereich von 1 bis 4 mm ist Präzisionsarbeit. Die Ferti-gung erfolgt weitgehend mit umform-technischen Herstellungsverfahren, beispielsweise durch Fließpressen, Prä-gen, Stauchen und Geradeausziehen. Niob-Präzisionsteile finden als Ver-schlusselement oder als Elektroden-werkstoff aufgrund ihrer hohen Tem-peratur- und Korrosionsbeständigkeit in der Lichttechnik vor allem in Entla-dungslampen für Straßenbeleuchtung, Flughäfen, Industrieflächen, aber auch zur professionellen Innenbeleuchtung von Ladengeschäften Anwendung.

Große Erfahrung im Umgang mit hochschmelzenden Materialien

Heraeus hat sich im Laufe von Jahr-zehnten das notwendige Wissen und die Kompetenz im Umgang mit hochschmelzenden Sonder-metallen wie Niob (Schmelzpunkt: 2.498 °C) und Tantal (Schmelzpunkt: 2.998 °C) angeeignet. Bereits in den späten 1940er Jahren begann man in Hanau mit dem Sintern von Tan-talpulver, 1955 folgten das Schmel-zen von Titan und Zirkonium im Vakuum-Lichtbogenofen. 1959 kam das Elektronenstrahlschmelzen von Tantal und 1960 von Niob dazu. 1984 erfolgte die Inbetriebnahme der Elektronenstrahlschmelze für Tantal und Niob. Hier wird Niob bei über 2.500 °C im Vakuum gereinigt und erstarrt zunächst in Form eines Zylin-ders mit rund 300 mm Durchmesser. Daraus werden durch mehrstufige Umformprozesse Bleche, Rohre oder Formteile hergestellt.

Einsatz in Teilchenbeschleunigern

Ende dieses Jahres wurde in Ham-burg beim Deutschen Elektronen-Synchroton DESY der Grundstein zum Bau des größten europäischen

Röntgenlasers gelegt. Das XFEL-Pro-jekt – X-ray free-electron laser, also Freie-Elektronen-Laser im Röntgen-bereich – soll der europäischen For-schung bislang unbekannte Einblicke in die Welt der Moleküle und kleins-ter Strukturen ermöglichen. Für den Röntgenlaser kommt auch hochrei-nes Niob zum Einsatz – zur Herstel-lung von Hohlraumresonatoren, den Kernstücken des Teilchenbeschleuni-gers. Um in Teilchenbeschleunigern die Elektronen in Fahrt zu bringen, ist extrem hohe Energie notwendig. Um wiederum den Energiebedarf niedrig zu halten, setzt man supraleitende Hohlraumresonatoren aus hochrei-nem Niob ein, die knapp oberhalb des absoluten Nullpunkts betrieben werden.

Hochreines Niob ist ein Fall für Spezialisten

Foto

s: H

erae

us

Heraeus feierte kürzlich ein kleines Jubiläum: Vor 25 Jahren wurde am

Standort in Hanau eine der größten Elektronenstrahlschmelzanlagen für die

Sondermetalle Niob und Tantal in Betrieb genommen.

Vor 25 Jahren wurde am Heraeus Standort

in Hanau eine der größten und modernsten

Elektronenstrahlschmelzanlagen für die

Sondermetalle Niob und Tantal in Betrieb

genommen.

Niob-Präzisionsteile finden aufgrund ihrer hohen Temperatur- und Korro-

sionsbeständigkeit in der Lichttechnik Anwendung.

Jentschke wollte das aufblühende Forschungsfeld der Teilchenphy-sik mit einem konkurrenzfähigen Teilchenbeschleuniger mit unter

die Lupe nehmen. 1964 ging der erste Beschleuniger, der dem For-schungszentrum seinen Namen gab, in Betrieb: das Deutsche Elek-

tron-Synchrotron. Auf den damals größten Beschleuniger folgten die Speicherringe DORIS 1974, PETRA 1978 und HERA 1990.

B Ü C H E R

22 1-2/2010 | 643. Jahrgang | METALL

Neu: Aluminium-Taschen-buch, Band 1 und 2

Als das Aluminium-Taschenbuch in den 1930er Jahren das erste Mal erschien, war es ein „Taschen“-Buch im Wort-sinne, denn das Wissen über den noch sehr jungen Werkstoff war seinerzeit arg begrenzt und sollte im Lauf der folgenden 80 Jahre deutlich anwachsen. Wach-sen musste somit auch das Aluminium-Taschenbuch, das sich die Aufgabe stellt, das Wissen um einen fas-zinierenden Werkstoff zu bündeln und in einer für den Praktiker zugängli-chen Weise darzustellen. Das mittlerweile drei Bän-de umfassende Werk ist zudem ein eindrucksvoller Beleg für die stürmische Entwicklung des leichten Metalls. Doch die Konkur-renz im Leichtbausektor ist größer geworden, wie der Blick auf Magnesium, Kunststoffe oder gar Stahl zeigt. Punkten kann Alu-minium künftig nur, wenn alle Fakten und Daten rund um neue Entwicklungen zugänglich sind.

Band 1: Grundlagen und Werkstoffe

Der bewährte Grundlagen-band zu Aluminiumwerk-stoffen präsentiert sich in der Neuerscheinung ganz aktuell mit den letzten Statistiken und neuesten Normbezügen. Letzteres war durchaus notwendig, denn seit der Einführung des europäischen Normen-systems wurden bereits zahlreiche Änderungen und Ergänzungen vorge-nommen. Doch nicht nur davon profitiert der Leser, sondern auch von neuen Übersichten, die in tabel-larischer Form auf einen Blick zeigen, welche Le-gierungselelemente welche Wirkungen haben und - da-raus folgend - wo eine be-stimmte Al-Legierung ihre speziellen Einsatzgebiete hat. Der Band liefert Infor-mationen zur Metallurgie (primär, sekundär) und zur Halbzeugfertigung. Zahl-reiche Zustandsdiagramme werden hinsichtlich der Möglichkeiten der Gefü-ge- und damit Eigenschaft-seinstellung diskutiert. Ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt ist die Wärmebehandlung, insbesondere durch Aus-härtung und Rekristalli-sation. Der Leser findet darüber hinaus Angaben zu den physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften sowie zum Korrosionsver-halten des Aluminiums. Hinzu kommen Informa-tionen zur Bestimmung von Werkstoffkennwerten und zur Gütesicherung. Ein

spezielles Kapitel sowie der umfangreiche Tabellenan-hang informieren zur Be-zeichnung und Normung hinsichtlich Zusammenset-zung und Zustand. Großes Interesse gilt derzeit der Nanotechnologie, die der Aluminiumanwendung über die erreichbaren Fes-tigkeitssteigerungen neue Türen öffnen könnte. Doch auch von Aluminiumschäu-men oder Verbundwerk-stoffen ist noch einiges zu erwarten - wie die deutlich erweiterten Ausführungen zur Werkstoffforschung belegen.

C. Kammer, Aluminium-Verlag, 16. Aufl. 2010, 768 S., geb. 149.00 Euro, ISBN 978-3-87017-292-3

Band 2: Umformung, Gießen, Oberflächenbe-handlung, Recycling

Der zweite Band behandelt die Verarbeitung des Alu-miniums durch Ur- und Umformungsverfahren, er zeigt die Spezifika der Oberflächenbehandlung und informiert zum Recyc-ling. Umfassend werden die

für Aluminium typischen Umformverfahren und die umformtechnischen Be-sonderheiten des leichten Metalls behandelt. The-men sind z.B. das Walzen, Strangpressen, Verfahren der Massiv- und Blechum-formung sowie das Biegen und Sonderumformverfah-ren, aber auch die innerhalb der Umformung unver-zichtbaren Wärmebehand-lungsverfahren. Der Abschnitt Gießen be-fasst sich mit den Grund-lagen und Verfahren des Formgusses, wie z.B. Druck-guss, Kokillenguss und Sandguss. Der Leser erhält darüber hinaus Angaben zur Schmelztechnik, zu den speziellen Gusslegierungen sowie zur Wärmebehand-lung und Nacharbeit von Aluminiumgussteilen. Ein weiteres Kapitel themati-siert die Oberflächenbe-handlung von Aluminium und zeigt die Möglichkeiten auf, die sich über Beschich-tungen, mechanische und chemische Verfahren und die anodische Oxidation er-geben. Innovative, umwelt-verträgliche Verfahren der Oberflächenvorbehandlun-gen werden vorgestellt.Das Kapitel Recycling/Ökologie zeigt Alumini-um als einen nachhaltigen Werkstoff, für den ökolo-gisch vertretbare Herstel-lungskonzepte etabliert sind. Hier finden sich aktu-elle Statistiken sowie Aus-führungen zu Ökobilanzen und Umweltmanagement. Weiterhin informiert das Kapitel über Stoffströme,

Das neue Jahrzehnt hält für Aluminium zahlreiche neue Informationen bereit - nutzerfreundlich zusammengefasst in ver-schiedenen Neuerscheinungen. Neueste Statistiken, aktuelle Normenänderungen sowie innovative Forschungsergebnisse sind berücksichtigt, so dass Produzenten und Anwender von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen auf umfassend re-cherchierte Hintergrundinformationen zurückgreifen können.

Aluminium-Literatur aktuell


B Ü C H E R

Schrottarten sowie Prozess- und Raffinationstechnolo-gien, aber auch zur Aufbe-reitung von Salzschlacken. Hinzu kommen ausgewähl-te Recyclingkonzepte für Verpackungs-, Bau- und Automobilschrotte.

G. Drossel, W. Lehnert, S. Friedrich, C. Kammer, Alu-minium-Verlag, 16. Aufl. 2010, 752 S., geb., 149,00 Euro, ISBN 978-3-87017-293-0, Hinweis: Die Alumi-nium-Taschenbücher sind auch als pdf-Dateien auf CD-ROM erhältlich. Bestel-lung: www.alu-verlag.de

Aluminium Schlüssel/Key to Aluminium Alloys

In einer Neufassung liegt auch der in der Branche bes-tens etablierte Aluminium-Schlüssel vor. Das zweispra-chige (deutsch/englisch) herausgegebene Nachschla-gewerk berücksichtigt in seiner 8. Auflage 20 neue Ausgaben der EN-Normen. Zudem wurde das Werk um 17 neue EN-Legierungen und 39 neue Legierungen der AA erweitert. Themen sind u.a. die Identifizierung unbekannter Bezeichnungen und die Identifizierung nachbekannter Zusammenset-zung. Das Werk ermöglicht einen schnellen Vergleich von Werkstoffbezeichnun-gen und informiert über Bezeichnungen und Zusam-

mensetzungen nach interna-tionalen Organisationen so-wie ausgewählte Firmenbe-zeichnungen. Eine wertvolle Hilfe vor dem Hintergrund der globalisierten Alumini-umwelt ist der Band zudem bei der Identifizierung von Normbezeichnungen und Zusammensetzungen in ver-schiedenen Ländern.

Hesse, W. Aluminium-Verlag, 8. Aufl. 2009, 628 S. im Ordner/Loseblatt-sammlung, deutsch/eng-lisch, 276,00 Euro ISBN 978-3-87017-290-9, auch als CD-ROM Version 2.0, ISBN 978-3-87017-291-6, Einzel-platzversion 389,00 EUR, oder Online pro Jahr 238,00 EUR, pro Monat 25,00 EUR, Information/Bestellung: www.aluverlag.de

DIN-Taschenbuch 450/1Aluminium 1 - Bänder, Bleche, Platten, Folien, Butzen, Ronden, geschweißte Rohre, Vormaterial

Der erste Band des neuen DIN-Taschenbuch-Quar-tetts zu Aluminium umfasst Normen über Walzerzeug-nisse (Bänder, Bleche, Plat-ten, Folien, Butzen, Ronden, Vormaterial) und HF-längs-nahtgeschweißte Rohre. Fast die Hälfte der Dokumente liegt in überarbeiteter Fas-sung vor. Neu aufgenommen wurden die Normen DIN EN 573-5:2007-11 „Alumi-nium und Aluminiumlegie-rungen - Chemische Zusam-mensetzung und Form von Halbzeug - Teil 5: Bezeich-nung von genormten Kne-terzeugnissen“ und DIN EN 14392:2008-01 „Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Anforderungen an ano-disierte Erzeugnisse, die in Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln kommen“.

DIN-Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V, Beuth-Verlag, 3. Aufl. 2009, 646 S., br., 153,00 Euro, ISBN: 978-3-410-11798-8, auch als E-book mit DRM 153,00 Euro

DIN-Taschenbuch 450/2 Aluminium 2 - Stangen, Rohre, Profile, Drähte, Vormaterial

Der zweite Teil der neu-en Aluminium-Normen-Taschenbücher (DIN-TAB 450/2) befasst sich mit vor-nehmlich mit Strangpresser-zeugnissen (Stangen, Rohre, Profile usw.), ergänzt durch Normen über Drähte und Vordraht. Auch hier machte die große Anzahl überarbeite-ter Normen eine umfassende Aktualisierung des ehemali-gen DIN-Taschenbuchs 451 notwendig.Neu aufgenommen wur-den unter anderem DIN EN 573-5:2007-11, DIN EN 13957:2009-01 und DIN EN 13958:2009-01. Neben den Grundnormen sind Tech-nische Lieferbedingungen sowie normative Festlegun-gen zu Zusammensetzung, Eigenschaften, Grenzabma-ßen, Formtoleranzen und Prüfung enthalten.

DIN-Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V, Beuth-Verlag, 3. Aufl. 2009, 652 S., br., 151,00 Euro, ISBN: 978-3-410-16922-2, auch als E-book mit DRM 151,00 Euro

New Edition of „Pink Sheets“

The Aluminum Associa-tion has released the 2009 edition of it publication “Designations and Chemi-cal Composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot.” The publication, popularly known as the „Pink Sheets,” supersedes the 2008 edition. New in this edition is a revised foreword outlining the modified registration rules and information on two new alloy designations and their associated chemical composition limits. The “Pink Sheets” provide des-ignations and chemical composition limits for over 260 aluminum alloy cast-ings and ingots registered with The Aluminum As-sociation and also contains other useful information, such as former designations and a list of previously reg-istered – but currently inac-tive – alloys.

Orders: $20.00 members , $40.00 for non-members., see bookstore at www.alu-minum.org.

Aluminium Lieferverzeichnis 2010

Das bewährte Nachschlage-werk präsentiert sich in der Neuausgabe aktuell, praxis-nah und international. Es verzeichnet zahlreiche Un-ternehmen der Aluminium erzeugenden und verarbei-tenden Industrie, der Zu-lieferindustrie, des Metall-handels sowie verschiedene Dienstleister.

Aluminium-Verlag, Buch und CD 16,50 Euro, Online Version kostenlos, Bestel-lung: www.aluverlag.de

24

M E T A L L V O R O R T


Libraries - Archives - Museums – Collections 10th International Symposium on Cultural Heritage in Geosciences, Mining, and Metallurgy

About 80 participants took part mainly from Ger-many and Austria but also few from Canada, Mexico,

Poland, and USA. About 40 papers were presented, divided in two paral-lel sessions. One session was located at the Old Mensa of the Mining Academy and the other was at the 800 years-old Freudenstein Castle which has been recently fully renovated. Chairperson of the Organizing Committee was An-gela Kissling at the Georgius Agricola Library of the Technical University Mining Academy Freiberg.Freiberg in Saxony is famous as the seat of the Mining Academy founded in 1765 whose professors contributed greatly to the technical literature on geology, min-eralogy, mining, and metallurgy. Many of these works were immediately trans-lated into English, French, Russian, and other Italian as soon as published. Two

metals were discovered at the Acade-my: indium in 1863 and germanium in 1886. Of the distinguished professors at the Academy one may mention Gellert, Werner, Lampadius, Reich, Plattner, Richter, Ledebur, and Winkler. Streets in the city are named in their honour. A visit was made to the Mineral Collection at the Academy which is one of the larg-est in the world. The city is also famous of its Mining Museum.

Terra Mineralia

Another visit was organized to the mag-nificent new mineral collection Terra Mineralia at the Castle which opened in October 2008, as part of the Freiberg Technical University Mining Academy (see METALL 12-2009, p. 652). In 2004 the Erika Pohl-Ströher Foundation committed to place a portion of her pri-vate mineral collection, approximately

five thousand specimens, on permanent loan to the Mining Academy. Pohl-Ströher has been a collector of top-quality worldwide minerals, gems, and meteorites for more than sixty years, and until now her collection had been seen by only a limited community of friends and dealers. The Gift Shop at the Castle has a magnificent collection of books on sale related to the collection as well as the history of the Academy.The conference was concluded by a full day excursion in the Erzgebirge Region on the border with the Czech Republic famous for its silver mining history. It included the following stops: Marienberg: Horse capstan for ore transportation from mine; Schneeberg: St. Wolfgang Church Annaberg-Buchholz: St. Mary Berg Church, St. Ann Church, Frohnauer Hammer, Uranium- Wismut plant. St. Ann Church contains many paintings describing miners at work.

(1) Fathi Habashi, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada, [email protected]

The Tenth International Symposium on Cultural Heritage in Geosciences, Mining, and

Metallurgy, sub-titled: Libraries - Archives - Museums - Collections, was held Sep-

tember 29 to October 3, 2009 in Freiberg, Germany.

phot

o: D

etle

v M

ülle

r, T

erra

Min

eral

ia

Terra Mineralia: Quartz from Brasil. In the background the american hall

Habashi, F. (1)


M E T A L L - F O R S C H U N G

Synthesis and characterisation of

ZrO2/ZnAl25Cu3 composite

The zinc alloys with in-creased aluminum content started their development and wide appliance in the

seventies in past century and mostly as the alloys for casting. Besides ex-cellent castability and good corrosion resistance, these alloys also have very favorable mechanical and physical properties’ ratio, so they are more often used as other materials substitute such as grey iron, bronze, some zinc alloys for different appliance scope. Lately the alloy ZnAl25Cu3 obtrudes to be a serious alternative to more expensive alloys for plain bearings making. The deterioration of mechanical properties at higher temperatures, which is one of the main disadvantages of these alloys, could be reduced by using the compos-ite with the base of these alloys add-ing reinforcement particles in shape of dust or short fibres, mostly of Al2O3, SiC and graphite. This alloy is suitable as the base for composite production by compocasting process since it pos-sesses a wide solidification tempera-ture interval (the difference between solidus and liquidus temperature line

is approximately 100 °C). Also, the improvement of this alloy’s properties could be reached by optimization of solidification process by using some of modern structure modification proce-dures (mechanical and ultrasonic mix-ing, electromagnetic and classic mix-ing and similar) [1-7].The compocasting is one of the proce-dures applied for obtaining the metal based composite. This procedure is characteristic for the fact that ceramic reinforcements (particles or fibres) are added during the metal basic’s mixing, which is in semisolid state. At mix-ing of semisolid melted metal, under the controlled process parameters, the viscosity alteration of semisolid melted metal arises as the consequence of shear forces, which results in mixing process. Upon the shear forces’ action termina-tion (when mixing process is stopped), viscosity of melted metal instantly de-creases and reinforcement particles

stay captured in basic alloy mass. The second phase of compocasting process is casting under pressure [8-15].It is well known that during the com-posite production the selection of basic and reinforcement is mostly based on the goal to obtain desired characteris-tics (mechanical, thermal, tribological) with their combination. For the synthe-sis of materials with desired properties it is necessary to know that different types of materials structure determine different materials’ properties. Besides this dependence for obtaining materials with a priori defined properties, there should be determined a fundamental structure dependency on technology which means control of critical process parameters and control of comparative materials’ properties [8].In order to forecast the synthesis of composite, it was studied the func-tional technology dependency of composite production by casting in semisolid state, structure and prop-erties of the obtained composite zinc based alloy with increased aluminum content. This paper presents a con-tribution to this obtaining composite procedure development, a contribu-tion to defining aspects and process during different phases of composite synthesis, as well as defining the proc-ess parameters relevant for composite quality (temperature, mixing velocity and time, reinforcement particles’ size and quantity, equipment influence on process operation).

Experimental part

In Table 1 it is shown the ZnAl alloy composition which has been used as a composite basic. As reinforcement it was added zircon dust with differ-

This paper presents the results of investigation on synthesis of ZrO2/ZnAl25Cu3 com-

posite by applying the compocasting process. The ZnAl25Cu3 alloy is used mostly

as an alloy for casting. The basic disadvantage of the alloy is deterioration of its

mechanical properties at higher temperatures, which limits its use up to 100 °C. In

order to reduce this disadvantage, a series of experiments has been done studying

the conditions of composite’s synthesis with zinc-aluminum based alloys reinforced

with ZrO2 particles, and the casting technique in semisolid state was used. During the

experiment the parameters for size process and mass percent of the reinforcement

particles ZrO2, particles’ infi ltration time, mixing time and velocity had been varying.

The results of the structure and properties study of the obtained composite samples

showed signifi cant improvement of composite’s mechanical properties with respect

to the basic alloy. Microstructure observations revealed the existence of two defects

type: porosity on bordering surface of metal-particles and reinforcement particles

agglomeration. In the second phase of investigation using casting under pressure

the porosity of composite‘s samples was reduced and mechanical properties were

signifi cantly improved. The results of this study has shown that the obtained com-

posite materials possess good high temperature resistance, higher ultimate ten-

sile strength and hardness and better tribological behaviour comparing with cast

ZnAl25Cu3 based alloy.

Table 1: Chemical composition of ZnAl alloy

Kastelec-Macura, S. (1); Acimovic-Pavlovic, Z. (2); Bobic, I. (3); Stopic, S. (4)

Element Aluminium Copper Magnesium ZincMass Percent (%) 22-30 1.5-4 0.008-0.03 residue

26



ent particles‘ size and in diverse mass percents. In Table 2 are shown the mixing proc-ess parameters, reinforcement par-ticles’ size and quantity for the three series of experiments (I11), (I12), (I2).The composite material was obtained by compocasting process. On the Fig. 1 schematically was shown the compoc-asting process apparatus and pressur-ing tool for composite samples.The apparatus process part is consisted of laboratory electricity resistant fur-nace of 2 KW power and mixer. The operating furnace space is of cylindri-cal shape and there is a retort in it with inner diameter of 72 mm. For the tem-perature measuring it was used ther-mocouple situated in the retort’s wall at the distance of 20 mm from retort’s bottom. As the active mixer’s part it was used the plate in dimensions (100 x 38 x 2) mm made of steel sheet covered by Al-oxide mining size 2-3 mm. The procedure was consisted of previ-ous alloy’s overheating at 600 °C, and then the temperature was lowered to the operating 468±3 °C, during which the percent of solid phase in melted metal was approximately 30%. After immersion of the plate shaped mixer, mixing and infiltration of reinforce-

ment particles into semisolid melted metal was started. From the process point of view, it was planned the infil-tration of reinforcement particles with mixing, in isothermal mode, in order to achieve the best possible particles’ dis-tribution. Upon mixing termination, the composite material was poured out in metal casting dies, previously pre-heated to the temperature 420 °C. In order to reduce possibly present sam-ples’ porosity, keeping the morphology obtained at pouring out, the hot pres-suring in semisolid state was done, in tool (Fig. 1.b), at the operating pressure of 150 MPa. In the experiment’s first phase the preliminary mixing of particles ZrO2 was done in size 10μm and in quantity of 3%, in order to determine optimal mixing time. The active mixing time (it is calculated from the moment of particles’ infiltration termination) was 10, 15 and 45 minutes. After expiry of each time the small specimen was taken. By macroscopic observation it was determined that after 10 minutes mixing the satisfactory reinforcement particles’ allocation in metal basic was realized, and the prolongation of mix-ing time did not achieve any improve-ment of their allocation in basic. Due

to that reason the active mixing time of ZrO2 particles, in all three series, was 10 minutes (table 2). The reinforcement particles of different size were added in different mass percents. The allocation of reinforcement particles and their influence on mechanical properties of initial material was studied. On the Fig. 2 it was shown the altera-tion of mixer’s number of revolutions regarding the time for all three series of experiment.

The part of curve (AB) represents con-tinuous increase of mixer’s number of revolutions starting from the ini-tial (50 r.p.m.) up to the operating (500 r.p.m.). The line (BC) represents mixer’s frequency during thixotrope processing of semisolid melted metal. The goal of thixotrope processing was to do the basic’s transformation of ini-tial ZnAl25Cu3 alloy. Then the number of revolutions was reduced and main-tained at 250 r.p.m, during infiltration time of reinforcement, the line (DE). Upon the termination of reinforcement infiltration, mixer was being set at the operating number of revolutions of 500 r.p.m., the line (EF), and it was being held constantly during the active mix-ing of semisolid melted metal. Upon expiry of defined time, the mixing was stopped, (point M), and the system was left to cool spontaneously up to pouring out, (point I). The line (HI) is remain-ing time from the mixing termination up to the pouring out moment. The obtained composite materials were submitted to the study of struc-tural and mechanical characteristics. All obtained samples were investigated in cast state.

Fig.1: a (left): Apparatus; 1 - Resistive furnace; 2 - Crucible; 3 - Mixer;

5 - Thermo couple; 6. to 11 - Measurement and regulation

b (right): Pressuring tool

Table 2: Dependence of infiltration time and the time of active mixing on ZrO2

particles’ quantity and size in the series: (I11

), (I12

), (I2)

Fig. 2: Alteration of mixer’s number of revolu-

tions regarding the time

Type of particles’ ZrO2

Particles’ size (μm) 10 100Mass percent (%) 1 (I11) 3 (I12) 3 (I2)Infiltration time (min) 3 5 2Activ mixing time (min) 10 10



Results and discussion

On the Fig. 3 it is shown the structure of the obtained composite from the series (I11). It is observed the line allo-cation of reinforcement particles, with the presence of a little bit bigger pri-mary particles of metal basic which are altered and of elliptic shape. Consider-ing that in this case it is the composite with 1% of ZrO2 dust of size 10 μm, the sample (I11) it is possible that the cause of structure roughening is in the fact that these are smaller particles, or the quantity of added particles is the reason for the appearance of bigger primary particles.The line configuration of zircon dust particles it is also observed on polished samples of the same composite, Fig. 4.

On the Fig. 5 (a, b, c) it is shown the structure of obtained composite from the series (I12). It was noted the even, statistical, configuration of zircon dust particles ZnAl25Cu3 based alloy per whole sample’s volume and it could be seen that there was no stronger segre-gation or agglomeration of reinforce-ment.

The particles themselves do not pro-duce chemical connection with metal basic. In case of particles’ agglomera-tion, which was noted in samples from the series with longer mixing time, the reason of particles’ agglomeration could be also that during mixing the structure of basic was being modified.

The primary particles, of dendrite shape, pass into the spheroid and the alteration mechanisms could be: melt-ing the primary branches, due to shear forces, tearing dendrite branches, abra-sion of ZrO2 particles and agglomera-tion. That way the mutual reinforce-ment particles’ collision occurs more often, their moving gets more difficult and agglomerates are produced. The influence of pressing on the com-posite structure, and therefore on mechanical properties, is best demon-strated on the Fig. 6 (a, b). On these photographs it was demonstrated the microstructure of the composite with added 3% of ZrO2 particles, of size

100 μm (samples I2). The supposition is that the reinforcement particles with metal basic are constructing pure mechanical connection, without any chemical reactions on the boundary surface. On the Fig. 6.a there can be seen big holes around the particles, some of particles fell out during preparation for metallographic investigations, due to slight mechanical connection with the basic. This sample is obtained from the die on which only pressing was done using manual tools. These holes rep-resent potential place for micro crack emergence. By additional hot press-ing, with appliance of higher pressure in hydraulic press, the sample with microstructure as on the Fig. 6.b was obtained. The holes around the particle disappeared and now it is tightly con-nected with the basic. The mechanical properties’ studies confirmed signifi-cant improvement of composite prop-erties where it was applied additional hot pressing.

In composite microstructure in erod-ed state, (Fig. 7) there are noted pri-mary particles of the basic consisted of dendrite core (J), rich in aluminum, α-phase and periphery (P) which rep-resents the mix of α+η phases. Between primary particles the reinforcement

Fig. 3: Microstructure of composite

ZnAl25Cu3 + 1% ZrO2

Particles’ size 10 μm; sample (I11

),

pressed and eroded state


ZnAl25Cu3 + 3% ZrO2 of size 10 μm:

a) center; b) middle;

c) sample surface (I12

)

Fig. 6: Microstructure of compo-

site ZnAl25Cu3 + 3% ZrO2, of size

100 μm, (sample I2)

a) pre-pressing; b) after pressing

application; polished state


ZnAl25Cu3 + 1% ZrO2

Particles size 10 μm; sample (I11

),

pre-pressing state

a)

b)

c)

a)

b)

28



particles are statistically located in inter-dendrite phase (M) presented by a mix of η crystals rich in zinc and de-tached dendrite branches. It is seen that primary particles of the basic are significantly modified, they have elliptic shape, wherewith the primary dendrite structure transfor-mation was realized. Due to shorter mixing time, greater increase of pri-mary particles did not appear. A pos-sible explanation of this emergence is in secondary crystallization on rein-forcement particles. At the entrance into semisolid metal alloy, on the reinforcement particles a thin metal layer is produced which is not melting when liquid phase starts to flow, but it represents the grain boundary and contributes to refinement. But this is not confirmed as a dominant factor of structure fragmentation. The other explanation is that the torn dendrite branches the grain growth make dif-ficult during their movement through the melted metal. The results of mechanical properties’ study of the obtained composite are

demonstrated in Table 3. and show that besides the slight loss of results, especially the hardness; however the qualitative composite material was ob-tained. All results are compared with mechanical properties of the cast alloy ZnAl25Cu3 (samples III).According to the values from Table 3, there cannot be noted regularity in hardness configuration of the com-posite samples at the increase of mass percents and massiveness of some ZrO2 particles fractions, as reinforce-ment. However a clear conclusion can be brought that the obtained values are higher than hardness of the basic ma-terial in cast state (samples III). This hardness increase is expected consid-ering that the zircon particles have high hardness. By their classification per material base also appears the hardness increase of the soft basic ZnAl25Cu3 alloy. The second explanation of the cause of composite hardness increase with respect to the basic material, is in the fact that the hard zircon particles act like obstacles during dislocations movement and make the plastic mate-rial flow more difficult. It is expected that this hardness increase effect is to be maintained at higher temperatures since the reinforcement particles do not create a chemical connection with metal basic. Having in mind the im-portance of these composite materials’ properties for practical appliance, this phenomenon is necessary to be studied additionally. It is shown in Table 3 that the flow boundary increase (Rp0.2) of obtained composite has occurred from all se-ries with respect to the basic material.

This flow boundary increase can be ex-plained by the influence of numerous factors: connection between the basic and reinforcement particles, particles’ configuration in the basic, mechanical properties of the basic and of added par-ticles etc. Also, the results have shown that the particles’ size is important factor for Rp0.2 too. With particles’ size increase the flow boundary increases as well. The most common explanation of the composite’s flow boundary in-crease with respect to the basic material is that hard and brittle particles impede the dislocations’ moving through the soft basic, they cause deformation rein-forcement and make plastic materials’ flow more difficult which induce Rp0.2increase. Due to that reason, this flow boundary increase could be the moti-vation for finding the new possibilities of composite materials appliance.

Conclusion

The determined structural and me-chanical properties of composite ma-terials indicate good perspective for compocasting process use for obtain-ing composite materials, but also point out the need for further investigations with the goal of process development and wider appliance in practice. By metallographic studies it was deter-mined that the reinforcement parti-cles’ infiltration was successfully done, ZrO2, into metal based ZnAl25Cu3 alloy in semisolid state. On micro level there was noted a particles’ clas-sification in a way of accumulations. This emergence is more expressed at the composites with smaller particles ZrO2. The alteration of primary solid particles of dendrite shape into the elliptic shaped particles was realized. On that occasion it was noted that the bigger particles ZrO2 induce the ap-pearance of smaller primary basic’s particles. At the obtained composites there was significant improvement of mechanical properties with respect to the basic alloy, and it was determined that the higher increase of hardness and pressure boundary was seen dur-ing the bigger ZrO2 particles’ appli-ance. By using hot pressing, a stronger connection of reinforcement particles and the basic was realized, which also


ZnAl25Cu3 + 3% ZrO2, particles’ size

100 μm; sample (I2), pressed and ero-

ded state

Table 3: Investigation results of the flow boundary Rp0.2

and hardness

Materials’ state Percent of reinforcement

particles (%)

Particles’ size (μm)

The flow boundary

Rp0.2(MPa)

Hardness(HV)

Cast 0 - (III) 420 115

without pressing

1 10 (I11) 444 1353 10 (I12) 444 1273 100 (I2) 592 144

after pressing1 10 (I11) 1253 10 (I12) 1333 100 (I2) 175



induced the mechanical properties’ increase. By developing the composite materials type ZrO2/ZnAl25Cu3 and optimizing technological parameters of compocasting process, the castings with a priori defined quality i.e. desired properties with lower cost price could be obtained.

References

[1] P. Rohatgi, R. Asthana: Solidification sci-ence in cast MMC-s: Influence of Merton Flemings; JOM, (2001) p. 9-13.

[2] P. Kapranos, D. H. Kirkwood: Thixofor-ming of an automotive part in A390 hy-pereutectic Al-Si alloy; Journal of Mate-rials processing Technology, 135, (2003), p. 271-277,

[3] M. Modigell, J. Koke: Rheological model-ling on semi-solid metal alloys and simu-lation of thixocasting processes; Journal of Materials processing technology, 111, (2001) p.53-58,

[4] K. H. W. Seah, S. C. Sharma, B. M. Girish: Mechanical properties of cast ZA-27/gra-phite particulate composites; Materials

and Design, vol. 16, No5, (1995)[5] S. C. Sharma, B. M. Girish: Mechani-

cal properties and fractography of zinc –particle-reinforced ZA-27alloy compo-site materials; Composite Sciences and Technology 59 (1999), p. 1805-1812

[6] I. Bobić: Development of processing procedure in semisolid state (Rheo- and compocasting process) and influence of the managing manner process on the quality of products ZnAl25Cu3 based alloy; Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Techno-logy and Metallurgy, Belgrade (2002), (in Serbian).

[7] S. Kastelec Macura: The effects of mixing parameters on the quality of ZnAl27Cu3 based alloy composite obtained through compocasting, Master thesis, Faculty of Tecnol. and Metall. Belgrade (2007), (in Serbian).

[8] M. Ristić: Principles of materials science, Monographs. Vol. DCXVII, No 36, Ser-bian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bel-grade (1993).

[9] I. Bobić, Z. Mišković, Z.Aćimović, D. Krstić: Journal of Metallurgy, 3, vol. 3 (1997), p. 193-200.

[10] H.W. Seah, S.C. Sharma: Mechanical properties of cast ZA-27 / graphite par-ticulate composites, Materials and De-sign, vol. 16, No 5, (1995)

[11] I. Bobić, M. Jovanović, N. Ilić: Journal of Metallurgy, 2, vol. 5 (1999), p. 293-300

[12] Y. Zhu: Journal of material research, 8, (1993) p. 3034.

[13] A. Vencl, I. Bobić, Z. Mišković: Effect of thixocasting and heat treatment on the tribological properties of hypoeutec-tic Al-Si alloy, Wear 101016 (2007) p. 5-11.

[14] S. Wison, A. Aplas: Wear mechanism maps for metal matrix composites, Wear 212 (1997) p. 41-49.

[15] L. Mondolfo, Aluminium Alloys, Struc-ture and Properties, Butterworths, Lon-don, (1970), p. 143.

(1) S. Kastelec-Macura, Tehnikum Taurunum –Zemun, Serbia

(2) Z. Aćimović-Pavlović, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Bel-grade, Serbia

(3) I. Bobić, Department of Materials Science, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade

(4) S. Stopić, IME Process Metallur-gy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, Germany

Light and compact - Gearbox housing for the new ZF 8-speed automatic transmission

The new 8 speed automatic transmis-sion from ZF makes vehicles more economical. Honsel assisted ZF by developing the optimal casting proc-ess for the gearbox housing. The com-pany supplies light compact housings as well as high-precision control parts for the gear shifting mechanism. The high functional density of the transmission system, whose size is virtually equal to that of the 6-speed automatic, means that the individual components have to fulfil more func-tions. This causes high demands on the development of the housing. Hon-sel tested and improved the castabilityof the housing, the valve body and the ditch plate, which together form the control unit. The result is a compact lightweight gearbox housing weigh-ing only 13 kg, which is virtually the same weight as its predecessor. The ditch plate and the valve body too weigh almost the same as those in the 6-speed version because all the func-tions for shifting the eight speeds are accommodated in the same space.The gearbox housing and housings for the control unit of the ZF auto-matic transmission system are pro-duced at Honsel‘s die casting facility

in Nuremberg. All production steps take place in a fully automated pro-duction line specially installed for the new transmission parts. Compared to the previous production of gear-box housings, cycle time is shortened substantially.The complexity of the components causes high demands on the entire production process. The oil ducts in the ditch plate and valve body must

meet very high tolerance require-ments in order to achieve the short shifting times and high shifting precision of the transmission. The gearbox-housing has to be provided with casted oil ducts through which hydraulic oil flows when it is in opera-tion. To avoid expensive drilling on the unfinished component, concealed steel tubes are cast into the housing as oil pipes.

Gearbox housings for the new ZF 8-speed automatic transmission

Pho

to: H

onse

l

30



Effect of a two-step austempering process on

microstructure and properties of ductile iron

Austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) has attracted considerable interest in recent years because of

Its excellent properties, such as high strength with good ductility, good wear resistance [1-3]. It is thought that the tensile strength, yield strength, elon-gation, hardness and impact energy are greatly related to the austemper-ing temperature variation. Austem-pering heat treatment can provide a ductile cast iron with a wide range of mechanical properties characterized, in general, by high strength [4, 5]. The success of these high properties of ADI depends principally upon the austempering temperature and time, but is modified by the austenitizing conditions and chemical composition of the iron [6]. Moreover, mechanical properties of ADI can also be related to the following microstructure pa-rameters; bainite morphology, amount of retained austenite, presence or ab-sence of carbides and the amount of martensiteformed during cooling af-ter austempering or during mechani-cal deformation [7-10]. The optimum impact strength, ductility and fracture toughness of ADI can be also achieved if the structure contains large amount of stable retained austenite without any martensite formation [7,11].

The principal objectives in this inves-tigation are to study the influence of austempering treatment (two-step) on microstructure as well as the mechani-cal properties such as tensile proper-ties, hardness, and impact strength of unalloyed and alloyed ductile iron.

Experimental

The ductile irons (DIs) used in this study were melted in an induction furnace with a capacity of 100 kg. The materials used in this study to produce ductile iron consists of sorel metal, Fe-Si, Fe-Mn, Fe-Cr, Fe-Si-Mg, car-burizer and inoculants. The molten metal was treated with ferro-silicon-magnesium alloy to form spheriodal graphite. After treatment, the molten metal was poured into the moulds as half inch Y- blocks with a dimension of 200 x 150 x 12.5 mm3. The final chemi-cal composition (wt%) of the studied alloys is shown in table 1. After casting, the samples were ma-chined for tensile, hardness and impact

tests. Tensile tests were performed according to DIN 50125. The impact test was carried out on un-notched impact samples with dimension of 10x10x55 mm according to the DIN 50115. The samples were processed by a new technique of austempering process called two-step austempering proc-ess, as shown in fig. 1. All samples were initially heated at 900 °C for 1 hour and then quenched in salt bath at temperature of 290, 330, and 370 °C respectively for 5 minutes. Then the temperature of the furnace is raised within a rate of 29 °C/hour for a pe-riod of 1 hour. Thereby, the furnace temperatures will reach to 319, 359 and 399 °C, respectively. Finally the samples were cooled using pressed air to room temperature.

Results and discussion

As-cast structure

The microstructure of the as-cast con-dition of the studied alloys is shown in fig. 2. Both alloys obtained the same

The effect of two-step austempering processes on the microstructure and mechani-

cal properties of austempered ductile iron has been investigated. Two ductile irons

where used; the fi rst is unalloyed ductile iron while the second one is alloyed ductile

iron with 0.26% Cr. All the specimens were initially austenized at 900 °C for 1 h, then

quenched in salt bath at temperature of 290, 330 and 370 °C respectively for 5 min-

utes. Then the temperature of the furnace is raised within a rate of 29 °C/hour for a

period of 1 hour. Thereby, the furnace temperatures will reach to 319, 359, and 399 °C,

respectively. Finally the samples were cooled using forced air to room temperature.

The effect of this two steep austempering heat treatment on the microstructure of

the materials and mechanical properties were examined. The results reveal that the

tensile strength and hardness decreases with increasing the austempering tempera-

ture. However, the impact strength improves markedly at higher austempering tem-

perature (399 °C) due to the refi nement effect of the bainitic structure as well as the

quantity and homogeneity distribution of the retained austenite in the structure.

Table 1: Chemical composition of the investigated alloys

Fig. 1: Schematic drawing of the austempe-

ring heat treatment cycles ( two-step aus-

tempering process)

Elmasry, N. (1); Kandil, A. (2); Abouelela, K. (3); Amer, A. (2)

Alloys C Si Mn S P Cr MgAlloy1 (unalloyed DI) 3.76 2.61 0.31 0.02 0.015 -- 0.045Alloy 2 (alloyed DI with 0.26% Cr) 3.78 2.64 0.34 0.02 0.017 0.26 0.048



graphite volume fraction of about 16% embedded in ferrite and pearlite ma-trix. The graphite nodules were uni-form in size and distribution. An aver-age graphite nodules size of 30 μm and an average count of 110 count/mm2 were found by image analysis. Howev-er, the modularity of the investigated DI was not affected by the addition of Cr. This could be attributed to the low effect of Cr addition on the graphiti-zation potential of DI. The mechani-cal properties of the as-cast condition were determined, as given in table (2). It is revealed that the addition of 0.26% Cr to DI increases relatively the tensile strength and hardness but this will be on the account of impact and elongation percentage.

ADI microstructure

The microstructure of the two-step ADI is illustrated in figs. 3 a, b and c. It is noticed that the effect of low-er austempering temperature of 319 °C obtained lower bainite and mixed bainite at 359 °C while at 399 °C upper bainite is formed.

X-ray diffraction analysis

The X-ray diffraction pattern of the in-vestigated alloys was used to estimate volume fraction of retained austenite and its carbon content. Tables 3 and 4 give the estimated values of both the volume fraction of retained austenite and its carbon content for each austem-pering process. It is clear that the vol-ume fraction of retained austenite is increased with increasing the austem-pering temperature. This is because of the decrease in nucleation potential of ferrite platelets due to the decrease in the cooling rate during quenching. Therefore, less ferrite laths are formed and leaving a space for more austen-ite to be retained after completing the austempering heat treatment process [12]. Additionally, both investigated alloys (unalloyed and 0.26% Cr ADIs) did not show significant change in the vol-ume fraction of retained austenite at the same austempering temperature. At the same time, there is no signifi-cant change in carbon content of the retained austenite for the used austem-pering processes. But, in general the carbon content of retained austenite increases as the austempering temper-ature decreases [3, 2]. As a conclusion, the microstructural observation of the investigated alloys can be summarized as follows:

At low austempering temperature of 319 °C, fine acicular bainitic needles are formed, while at higher tempera-ture of 399 °C feathery or coarser type

(b) alloyed DI with 0.26% Cr

Fig. 2: Microstructure of the as-cast ductile

iron alloys

(a) unalloyed DI

(a) austempered at 290/319 °C

(b) austempered at 330/359 °C

(c) austempered at 370/399°C

(d) SEM view the structure of ADI shown in

Fig. 3-c and shows �-ausferrite (dark field),

and � - austenite (bright field)

Fig. 3: Effect of a novel two-step austempering

process on microstructure of ADI, according to

the schematic diagram represented in fig. 1Table 2: Mechanical properties of the investigated as-cast DI alloys

Alloys Maximum Tensile strength (MPa)

Elongation (%)

Hardness (HB)

Impact Strength (J/cm2)

unalloyed DI 480 17 205 77alloyed DI with 0.26%Cr

500 12 220 64

32



bainite was obtained. Mixed bainitic structure was obtained at the inter-mediate temperature of 359 °C.

Retained austenite increases with in-creasing the austempering tempera-ture.

The carbon content of retained austenite increases with decreasing the austempering temperature.

Mechanical properties of ADI

Tensile strength

The effect of austempering tempera-ture on the mechanical behaviour of unallyed ADI and alloyed ADI are il-lustrated in fig. 4. It has been seen that the tensile strength behavior decreases with increasing the austempering tem-perature. The maximum ultimate ten-sile strength was 1322 MPa obtained at 319 °C for the alloyed ADI, while

the maximum tensile strength for un-alloyed was 1255 MPa. However, the minimum ultimate tensile strength was 1000 MPa for unalloyed ADI ob-tained at austempered temperature of 399 °C. It is also clear that the alloyed ADI showed higher tensile strength as compared to the unalloyed one. The maximum elongation was obtained for the unalloyed ADI compared to the alloyed one as shown in fig. 5. At the same time, the elongation is increased gradually with increasing austemper-ing temperature due to the increase in the amount of retuned austenite exist-ing in matrix. It is also obvious that the two-step unalloyed ADI obtained elongation percentage from 4 to 11 % as the austempering temperature in-creased from 319 to 399 °C. However, the alloyed ADI showed elongation values from 3 to 8 %. Thereby, this decrease in elongation associated with the alloyed ADI is attributed to the Cr-carbides formed in matrix.

Hardness

The effect of applying the two-step austempering process on hardness of the investigated alloys is illustrated in fig. 6. It is seen that the hardness values (HV30) are decreased with increasing the austempering temperature due to changing the structure morphology from lower bainite to upper bainite that will associate with higher amount of retained austenite which increases

with increasing the austempering tem-perature, (table 3). It is clear from fig. 6 that the hardness value for alloyed ADI with 0.26% Cr is reached 522 HV30 at austempering temperature of 319 °C. However, the unalloyed ADI have hardness values of 488 HV30. This is due to the effect of Cr-carbide precipi-tated in matrix.

Impact strength

Figure 7 showed the effect of applying the two-step austempering process on impact strength of the investigated al-loys. It is noticed that there is a dramat-ic decrease in impact strength by add-ing 0.26% Cr to ADI alloys especially at higher austempering temperature. This is due to the effect of Cr-carbide embedded in matrix that facilitate in decreasing the impact strength of the alloy through creating cracks from the carbides edges. It is seen that the Cr-ADI obtained impact values in the range of 29 to 58 J/cm2 and the unal-loyed ADI has values between 39 and 99 J/cm2. The results have demonstrat-ed that unalloyed ADI austempered at

Fig. 4: Effect of austempering temperture on

tensil sterngth of two-step austempering

process of ductile iron

Fig. 6: Effect of austempering temperature

on hardness of the two-step austempering



on elongation of the two-step austempering


Table 3: Volume fraction of retained austenite of ADI as a function of the

austempering temperature

Table 4: Carbon content of retained austenite of ADI as a function of the

austempering temperature

Volume fraction % of retained austeniteAustempering Temp, °C Unalloyed ADI Alloyed ADI

290/319 11.8 11.3330/359 16.0 15.5370/399 24,5 24.0

Carbon % of retained austeniteAustempering Temp, °C Unalloyed ADI Alloyed ADI290/319 1.82 1.83330/359 1.77 1.78379/399 1.71 1.73



399 °C gave better impact strength than those austempered at 290 and 359 °C. Thereby, the impact strength increases with increase the austempering tem-perature due to the existing of high amount of retained austenite formed at higher austempering temperature. The impact strength value for unalloyed ADI austempered at 399 °C obtained 99 J/cm2 while the as cast unalloyed DI samples give impact strength value of 77 J/cm2. On conclusion, using the two-step austempering temperature of 399 °C improves markedly the refin-ing the matrix micrtostructure as well as the quantity and homogeneity dis-tribution of the retained austenite in the structure as shown in fig. 3. This matrix refinement has a good impact and elongation of the studied two step ADI alloys.

Conclusions

1- Two-step process at low austemper-ing temperature of 319 °C obtained very fine acicular bainitic needles structure; while at higher tempera-

ture of 399 °C feathery type bainite was formed. Mixed bainitic struc-ture was obtained at the intermedi-ate temperature of 359 °C.

2- Retained austenite increases with increasing the austempering tem-perature.

3- The ultimate tensile strength de-creases with increasing the austem-pering temperature the maximum tensile strength (1.322 MPa) was obtained for the alloyed two-step ADI at 319 °C while the unalloyed ADI austempered at 399 °C showed the minimum tensile strength of 1000 MPa.

4- The alloyed ADI obtained a hard-ness values ranges from 522 to 468 HV30 while the unalloyed ADI have a hardness values between 488 to 388 HV30.

5- The two-step austempering proc-ess improves the impact strength markedly at higher austempering temperature (399 °C) due to the refinement effect of the bainitic structure as well as the quantity and homogeneity distribution of the re-tained austenite in the structure.

References

[1] Khaled M.I. Abouelela, “ Effect of mo-lybdenum and nickel additions on mi-crostructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and austempered ductile cast”, Doctoral dissertation thesis, Technical University of Berlin, Germany, Decem-ber (2000).

[2] H.L. Morgan, “Introduction to foundry and control of austempered ductile irons), IBF Conference Paper, The Bri-tish Foundryman, vol. 80, (1987), pp. 98-108.

[3] B.V. Kovacs, “Alloying elements and heat treatment of ADI”, 2nd International ADI Seminar, Helsinki University of Technology, 1-3 June(1994), pp. 1-12.

[4] J. Liu, “Unique microstructure and excel-lent mechanical properties of ADI”, Pro-ceedings of the 8th International Sympo-sium on Science and Processing of Cast Iron, Beijing-China, Oct. 16-19 (2006), pp. 468-473.

[5] D. Krishnaraj, H.N.L Narasimhan and S. Seshan, “Structure and properties of ADI as affected by low alloy additions”, AFS Transactions, vol. 100, (1992), pp. 105-112.

[6] S. E. Stenfors, J. Storesun and R. Sand-storm, “Influence of heat treatment and composition on the mechanical proper-ties and machinability of austempered ductile iron”, 2nd International Confe-rence on ADI, Ann. Arbor, Michigan, USA, American Society for Mechanical Engineers, 17-19 March (1986), pp. 227-237.

[7] C.H. Chang and T. S. Shih, “Ausferrite transformation in austempered alloyed ductile irons”, Transactions of the Japan Foundrymen’s Society, vol. 13, (1994), pp. 56-63.

[8] A. Kutsov et al, “Formation of bainite in ductile iron” Materials Science and Engi-neering A, vol. A273-275, 15 Dec. (1999), , pp. 480-484.

[9] P. A. Blackmore and R. A. Harding, “The effects of metallurgical process variables on the properties of austempered ductile iron”, Conference Proceedings, (1985), pp. 117-134.

[10] P. A. Blackmore and R. A. Harding, “The effects of metallurgical process variables on the properties of austempered ductile iron”, Conference Proceedings, (1985), pp. 117-134.

[11] D.C. Wen and T.S. Lei, “Influence of tempering on the mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron”, Materials Transactions, JIM, vol. 40, No. 9, (1999), pp. 980-988.

[12] A.G. Fuller, “Austempered ductile irons-present applications”, Materials and Design, vol. 6, (1985), pp. 127-130.

(1) N. Elmasry, El-Nasr Castings Company, Giza Egypt

(2) A. Kandil and A. Amer, Mining and Pet. Department, Faculty of Eng., Al-Azhar University, Cairo Egypt

(3) K. Abouelela, Central Metallur-gical R & D Institute (C MRDI), Cairo Egypt.


on impact strength of the two-step austem-

pering process of ductile iron

Linn High Therm celebrated its 40th Anniversary

The success story of Horst Linn started 40 years ago in a little rented room in Hersbruck. Since then, the com-pany was growing to more than 100 employees at three different produc-tion locations (Eschenfelden, Bad Frankenhausen and Ljubljana), and worldwide sales. Mr. Linn’s entrepre-neurial career highlights include the incorporation of Linn furnaces in the Russian space mission D1 and D2. In

1989, Horst Linn took over the former company VEB Elektro in the Thuring-ian city Bad Frankenhausen. This site, referred to as “Plant II”, currently employs 30 people. The global acting company has an export quota of over 60 % worldwide.For the anniversary the Linn Team pre-sented “their” boss with a very special present, a manually casted 4 kg heavy bell engraved with company data.

phot

o: L

inn

Horst Linn and his anniversary bell

34

M E T A L L - H I S T O R I S C H


Ever since the age of the alche-mists, metals, certain of them known and used since Antiquity, have been associ-

ated with the heavens - the Sun with Au, the Moon with Ag, Mars with Fe, Mercury with Hg, Jupiter with Sn, Venus with Cu, and Saturn with Pb.

Of course these were very subjective, at times mythological if not full-fledged mystical associations. Gold was asso-ciated with the sun, or the moon with silver of course because of the bril-liance and importance of the heavenly bodies and their corresponding met-als. Belligerent Mars had weapons of iron, while Venus regaled herself with mirrors of polished copper. In a more scientific vein, saturnism is the medi-cal term for lead poisoning. These astrological symbols in fact were the same for the alchemical met-als. And are used, at times, in modern astronomical notation.But then if you turn your gaze toward Mendeleiev’s Periodic Table, that for me is a book of wonderful stories or a gaming board in a sense (if you have read my two previous articles in METALL 12/2007 & 9/2008) there is an astounding coincidence that can also be brought to light.In the upper right hand corner we have He, the sun (because this ele-ment was first discovered from heli-um’s spectrocopy in the sun’s corona. And in fact was almost called Coron-ium....); descending downwards and to the left in the column headed by O, you find Selenium (34) and Tellurium (52), Greek and Latin for the moon and the earth. Palladium, element 46 and the rare earth Cerium (originally Ceresium) element 58, were named after asteroids discovered around the

same time as they were. Element 80, Mercury is also well situated in the upper spheres. And of course, we have Uranium, Neptunium and Plutonium, elements 92 through 94 (other proposed names for Pu were Cassiopium or Alderba-ranium) as if in orbit AND in order, completing our solar system. The whole of it almost bathing in a beau-tiful, celestial light (Cs/55 from the Latin for the color blue, again because of cesium’s spectral lines). And there is even Superman’s fictional ‘home planet’ Krypton/36, there amongst the noble gases.But what is perhaps even more supris-ing is, if you place a compass point on helium and trace circles over these corresponding elements you can just about superimpose the solar system over the Table of Elements. Certain-ly, as I say, an almost uncanny conci-dence, and yet ....2009: International Astronomy Year (UNESCO)(yet perhaps more ‘earthy’ than you first might think....)

But let us plant our feet solidly on the ground where all these elements are found in the terrestial crust, and in particular in this article, take a look at: Palladium, Selenium and Tellurium. In hope of illuminating these met-als from the point of view of the poet and storyteller, but without forgetting their historical biographies, I’d like to trace their lives in hopes of bringing to the surface their hidden faces....

TELLURIUM (52)

The United Nations Committee On Nomenclature proposes -Telorion.Almost a half dozen persons were involved in bringing Tellurium to light, so to speak - The substance’s initial discovery was officially accred-ited to Franz-Joseph Müller Freiherr von Reichenstein, an Austrian, who in 1782 discovered it in antimonic gold pyrite, an ore extracted from a mine in Transylvania where Reichenstein was chief inspector. Unable to identify it he initially simply labeled it, poetically I find: aurum paradoxium. (Müller was honored in 1992, on the 250th anni-versry of his birth by a symposium that bore his name.)

Three “celestial” elements

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“Each plant has its equivalent in the stars.” (Alchymist, Robert Fludd, 1574-1637

From time in memorium ....

High purity Tellurium

Cannarozzi, S. Y.



Around the same time, also in Ruma-nia, Anton von Rupprecht and Müller Ferenc likewise remarked the strange compound. And another Hungarian Paul Kitaibel received an unidenti-fied sample from a Dutch mine. But it was finally Martin Heinrich Klaproth who was the first to succeed in isolat-ing and then naming it in 1789, as he did for Uranium. Tellurium comes from the Latin tel-lus for “earth” or rather from the name of the earth goddess, also called Terra Mater. The masculine form is Tellumo. The adjectives tellerous, tel-luric and tellurian also exist. Search-ing even further back to the Indo-European, we find the root tel - which first meant ground or floor. But who exactly was Tellus?Some sources depict her true identity almost as paradoxicallyas the discovey of the element itself. Assimilated with the Greek Gaïa, she would be mother then wife to Ouranos (Uranus) the sky God ! Four of her children may per-sonify the seasons. Sometimes she is identified as Cybèle/Demeter or even Cerès goddess of fertility.So perhaps it is no wonder, if even the Greeks and Romans whose mythology first mentions Tellus had a time of it handling her, that to positively claim Tellurium as a full-fledged element, was a long and involved seven year struggle....Perhaps as a last note, one could men-tion that in ancient times her festival was held every year on April 15th and involved the massacre of pregnant cows or that the well known science fiction authors, C.S Lewis and Robert A. Heinlein, have both referred to her in their writings.(Rarer than Platinum and considered mildly toxic, over-exposure to Tellu-rium provokes bad breath that reeks of garlic!)

SELENIUM(34)

In hungarian, Selenium is written Szelén.“In my very first wanderings through Mendeleiev’s enchanted garden”, (I paraphrase Oliver Sacks here in his delightful history of the Periodic Table, Uncle Tungsten), I happen-

stanced upon the element Tantalum and directly above, Niobium. In effect Tantalus and Niobé were father anddaughter again according to Greek mythology. Coincidence? I was to find that the answer was a resoundng NO! And so it is with Tellurium and Selenium, the first being the earth the second the moon in close proximity.Jakob Berzelius, a Swede, found and named Selenium after the Greek moon goddess Selene in 1817, when he and a colleague were undertaking an experiment involving producing sulphuric acid in lead cameras which likewise precipitated an unknown substance. At first they thought it was Tellurium. Selenium is the first ele-ment who precise atomic weight was accurately calculated. So much for its brief scientific history. But again we might ask as for Tellus: Who exactly was Selene?Hyperion’s (a Titan) daughter and Helios’, who pulls the sun across the sky in his golden chariot, twin, Selene (sometimes confused with Artemis, the huntress, and wouldn’t Artemi-sium be an interesting name for an element....) follows him, in her own chariot of silver, bearing a torch and with a half moon crowning her head. She is likewise seen in works of art on the back of a horse or a bull, as white as her brilliant face. Before her nightly journey, mythology tells us that she bathes in the sea. And apparently her beauty attracted many suitors one of whom was the excep-tionally handsome earthly shepard, Endymion, with whom they had the exagerated number of 50 daugh-ters! (Possibly a reference to the 50 moons between the original Olympic Games.In superstition, Selenium is called “moonstone” because it was supposed to wax and wane with the moon. This was perhaps do to the observation that it is sensitive to light and is used in modern technology to transform images into electric signals.Curious that Tellurium was named after a Roman Goddes whereas Sele-nium uses a Greek name. They are in as close proximity as Tantalum and Niobium, though both these names come from the Greek. Depending on

the culture, the sun and moon in turn may be masculine or feminine....

PALADIUM (46)

In the Welsh langage Paladiwm.

To finish, if I could again refer you to the image of the solar system superim-posed over the Periodic Table with He being the sun, then further out than the ‘elemental orbits’ of Tellurium and Sele-nium and between the celestial orbits of Mars and Jupiter, we find the asteroid Pallas (or Palladion or Pallas Athena, yet another Greek goddess), discovered by Wilhelm Olbers and after which Pal-ladium was named, discovered the year after in 1803 by the Englishman Wil-liam Hyde Wollaston. He in fact dis-covered it in a mineral of Platinum(78) and proceeded to isolate it.As his father, Wollaston was also inter-ested in astronomy and so perhaps looked to the heavens for a name for this new element.(The rare earth Cerium (58) was like-wise named after another asteroid, Ceres, discovered a few years earlier. The discovery of this element was shared by Wilhelm Hisinger & Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Sweden and Martin H. Klaproth, Germany in 1803.)

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Strangely, Wollaston tried to imme-diately sell his find in a mineralogical shop in April of the same year calling it ‘New Silver’. (In later times it was called ‘untarnished’ or even ‘worth-less silver’...) And in fact first declared the discovery of yet another element Rhodium (45) that he had separated from a sample of Pt (78) and Pd (46) in the form of a dark red powder in 1804, making the official announcement of Palladium at a later date. The reason for this was apparently his economic interests in the platinum business he had developed with his partner Smith-son Tennant.For this reason it is the only of all the elements that was not immediately declared after its discovery. What intrigue! It is almost like an excerpt from a detective novel ....In regards to its particular qualities, it is said to “spit” oxygen as does silver.Pallas Athena is the Greek goddess of wisdom - Minerva for the Romans. A daughter of Zeus and Metis, Zeus feared that his offspring would usurp ths throne and so devoured his wife. But the result was his becoming preg-nant. It was Hephaistos who in strik-ing Zeus’ cranium succeeded in lib-erating Athena who was born armed to the tooth! The reference to Pallas comes from her killing a giant of the same name.It was she who, jealous, transformed Arachne into a spider. But who also gave her name to the capital of Greece.

Would it be too much to extrapolate here that Wollaston was as devious in his experiments with Pd as the goddess herself ?Truly, the hundred plus elemental children of Mendeleiev can lead us far in revealing not only scientific con-cerns but also linguistics, psychology, geography and of course stories.And so our tales slowly wind down. The philosophical as well as scien-tific spirit has always been looking for ways of associating in a single whole, the heavens and the earth, quantum mechanics and astrophysics, lofty inspiration with earthy facts. We can see a reflection of this desire in the names of certain metallic elements in the Periodic Table. And who is to say if someday, sooner or later, this tremendous feat might very well be accomplished.Here is a short mnemonic poem I wrote some years ago about Selenium

selenic moonstonewaxes and wanes withlunar alacrity asmonthly seleniumand itstelluric analogythough semi-metalilcmay dream of Uranus ....

And I will finish by quoting Briane Greene, a physicist and researcher into the theory of supercords and quantum

gravity, in his opus The Fabric of the Cosmos -

“(But) for me, there would be nothing more poetic,no outcome more graceful, no unifi-cation more complete, than for us to confirm our theories....about the makeup of space, time and matter - (than) by turning our most powerful telescopesskyward and gazing silently at the stars.”

Bibliography

I have once again depended heavily on Peter Van der Krogt’s very complete, and constantly updated website www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/Oliver Sacks Uncle Tungsten is a delightful, personal romp through the history of the elements while Brian Greene’s Fabric of the Universe at times makes interesting references to the elements and their stories.Otherwise I used information from my performance for young people and adults Nursery Rhymes from the Peri-odic Table that I have been performing since the early 1990’s.

(1) Sam Cannarozzi, Professional Sto-ryteller, www.samcannarozzi.com

Siroll Electrostatic Oiler to Alcoa Samara

Oct. 2009 - Siemens VAI Metals Technologies has received an order to supply a Siroll Electrostatic Oiler for a slitting line at the Alcoa Samara (Alcoa SMZ) plant in Russia. This is the first Siroll Electrostatic Oiler sold into Russia by Siemens VAI. The Siroll Electrostatic oiler is designed to provide automated, non-contact, non-pressurized, protective or lubri-cating coatings (oil, wax or chemicals) to moving metal substrates, in strip or sheet form, accurately and effectively. The result is improved end product quality with reduced wastage and increased yield. Siroll Electrostatic Oiler

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Anlagenbau/Equipment

Just a Phone Call Away: iPhone Operates Laser System

Operating and monitoring a laser sys-tem via telephone? The Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH), in cooperation with the industrial partner neoLASE GmbH, has developed a laser system control which can be used with an iPhone. It can be used for complete control of the laser system. The range of

application extends from monitoring laser parameters of sensitive processes to remote diagnostics for servicing. La-ser controls with more than a hundred analogue and digital in- and outputs as well as with 30 PID-controllers are possible. By means of touch screen displays, user-friendly and freely pro-grammable graphic surfaces are avail-able, which can be configured for the input/output of laser parameters.

New copper smelter contract

10 Nov 2009 - Ausmelt Ltd has won its seventh copper smelter contract in China. The Company will supply design services and core equipment for a cop-per smelter with a production capacity of 100,000 tonnes a year of cathode cop-per. The client is Xinjiang Wuxin Cop-per Co., Limited and the new smelter will be located in Chinas Xinjiang Province.

Flotation technology for Minera Escondida in Chile

14. Dec. 2009 - Outotec has made an agreement with Minera Escondida Ltda on an extensive flotation tech-nology delivery for Escondida‘s pro-duction improvement project in Los Colorados and Laguna Seca concen-trator plants.The delivery to Los Colorados will en-compass ten cells of model Outotec TankCell 300, each 300 m3 of capac-ity. The TankCell 300 has the largest flotation cell volume in operation in the world. Furthermore a total of 18 cells of model Outotec TankCell 160 will be installed at the Laguna Seca plant. All new cells, as well as 80 ex-isting ones at Los Colorados, will be equipped with the new Outotec Float-Force flotation mechanism. Outotec FloatForce improves the metallurgi-cal performance of existing flotation circuits.

An iPhone can be used to operate and monitor a laser system

Thickeners at Zaldivar mine in Chile

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Planung, Konstruktion und Aus-führung von Industrieofenanlagen

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TÜV NORD zertifiziert LOI Thermprocess

18. Dez. 2009 - Die LOI Thermpro-cess GmbH ist von TÜV NORD CERT nach DIN EN ISO 9001 zertifiziert worden. LOI Thermprocess mit Sitz in Essen baut Industrieofenanlagen für das Erwärmen und die Wärmebe-handlung. Auch die Inbetriebnahme vor Ort und der Service während der Betriebsdauer sind Aufgaben des Un-ternehmens.

Modernizationone of closed-die forging presses

27 Nov. 2009 - Siempelkamp was commissioned by Alcoa Forging & Ex-trusions to engineer and produce the cast parts of one of the world’s largest closed-die forging presses located in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Siempelkamp was contracted by Alcoa to help re-build and modernize its 50,000-ton (450 MN) press to become the most

advanced, productive forging press in the world. As part of the order, the company will cast ten structural parts for the press with weights between 200 and 250 t each in the company-owned foundry in Krefeld. The 50,000 t (450 MN) closed-die forging press produces structural parts made of aluminum for the air-craft industry. Because of its large press force and its central meaning for the American aircraft industry, the giant press has become a “Na-tional Historic Mechanical Engineer-ing Landmark” in the United States of America.

Alle Hauptkomponenten für Wendelstein 7-X fertig gestellt

2. Dez. 2009 - Mit der Auslieferung der letzten großen Bauteile für die Fusionsanlage Wendelstein 7-X, die zurzeit im Teilinstitut Greifs-wald des Max-Planck-Instituts für Plasmaphysik (IPP) aufgebaut wird, ist die industrielle Herstellung der Hauptkomponenten abgeschlossen. Jetzt kamen die letzten zwei Stücke der späteren Außenschale im IPP an. Der Zusammenbau des Groß-experiments ist in vollem Gange. Mit den je 14 t schweren Stahlteilen sind nun alle Großkomponenten der Anlage im IPP beisammen: angefan-gen mit den 70 übermannsgroßen supraleitenden Magnetspulen, die den magnetischen Käfig für das Plasma erzeugen werden, über die massive Stützstruktur, von der die Spulen in Position gehalten werden, bis hin zu den zwanzig Teilen des Plasmagefäßes und seinen über 200 Gefäßstutzen sowie schließlich den zehn Teilstücken des Außengefäßes. Zusammengesetzt werden sie einen ringförmigen Schlauch von 16 m Durchmesser bilden. In ihrem 4,4 Meter weiten Inneren umschließt diese wärmeisolierende Kühlbox später den gesamten, auf Tieftem-peratur abgekühlten Spulenkranz, in dessen Innenraum wiederum das Plasmagefäß mit dem 100 Millionen Grad heißen Plasma liegt. Verläuft alles nach Plan, sollte Wendelstein 7-X in rund fünf Jahren in Betrieb gehen.

Air separation unit for KNPEMZ

Munich, 22 December 2009 – Linde has closed a long-term agreement with the steel company ZAO ‘Kaluga Research and Production Electro-metallurgical Plant’ (KNPEMZ), to supply the company with industrial gases at its production site in Vors-ino (80 km south-west of Moscow). Linde will construct an on-site air separation unit with an investment volume of EUR 37 million for this project. The new air separation unit (ASU) will have a production capac-ity of 9,000 Nm3/h of gaseous oxygen and additional capacities for the pro-duction of liquefied gases to supply the merchant market, particularly in central Russia. It is estimated that the on-site facility will be supplying KNPEMZ with gaseous oxygen plus nitrogen and argon for its steel mill in Vorsino by mid 2011. KN-PEMZ belongs to Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK).

Robotic system reduces metal-testing costs

Zwick has developed a robotic test-ing system to carry out standard-compliant testing of steel dumbbell specimens. Testing to EN 10002 and ASTM E8, it features extreme-ly quick, reliable operation whilst relieving the operator of laborious handling of heavy specimens up to 10 kg. The robotic testing system consists of two Zwick materials testing machines with capacities of 2.000 kN and 600 kN, a speci-men magazine capable of holding 217 specimens and an automatic cross-section measuring-station. The system has been designed to test steel dumbbell specimens with a length of 350 mm (machine 1) and 500 mm (machine 2) with a thickness up to 50 mm. After en-tering the basic specimen details in the systems control software the operator places the specimen in a magazine compartment. The spec-imens are then mechanically tested on the selected testing machine in accordance with the operator’s in-structions.

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The modernized press will become one of

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News

Aluminium

Hydro divests rolling mill in Spain

3 Nov. 2009 - Alcoa European Mill Products (EMP) announces with a further price increase on its conver-sion prices for all mill finish Com-mercial Rolled Products produced in their European operations Köfém/Hungary, Fusina/Italy and Amorebi-eta/Spain.

EMAL: Energising of first pot

1 Dec, 2009 - Emirates Aluminium (EMAL) energised the first of 756 pots in time for the United Arab Emir-ate’s 38th National Day – well ahead of any date that had been earlier pre-dicted. “This is a memorable day in the history of EMAL. For those of us who have been able to see this project through the construction phase, this is the culmination of years of work,” said CEO of EMAL, Duncan Hedditch. “We didn’t want to over-promise and under-deliver,” added Mr Yousuf Bas-taki, EMAL Project Director. Salman Dawood Abdulla, COO of EMAL con-cluded: “This is a conservative start that is the beginning of a much larger

roll out over the next 12-14 months – as the remainder of the pots are en-ergised.”

Alcoa: Partnership with Ma‘aden

21 Dec 2009 - Alcoa has formed a joint venture with Ma’aden, the Saudi Arabian Mining Company, to develop a fully integrated, world-class aluminum industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In its initial phases, the joint venture will develop a fully integrated industrial complex, in-cluding: a bauxite mine with an initial capacity of 4,000,000 mtpy; an alu-mina refinery with an initial capac-ity of 1,800,000 mtpy; an aluminum smelter with an initial capacity of in-got, slab and billet of 740,000 mtpy; and a rolling mill, with initial hot-mill capacity of between 250,000 and 460,000 mtpy. The mill will focus ini-tially on the production of sheet, end and tab stock for the manufacture of aluminum cans, and potentially other products to serve the construction in-dustry. The refinery, smelter and roll-ing mill will be established within the new industrial zone of Raz Az Zawr on the east coast of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Alcoa Europe Tops 2009 EAA Safety Solutions Competition

17 Dec 2009 – Alcoa Europe plants are topping the charts at the European Aluminium Association’s (EAA) 2009 ‘Safety Solutions Competition’. The top spot in the bi-annual competition was awarded to a joint approach by Alcoa Spain plants in Aviles, La Coruna and San Ciprian and Alcoa’s pan-Europe-an Logistics and Transportation team to improve safety awareness of logis-tics companies, transporting goods for these locations. The www.alcoa.com/alcoacarriers/europe website and un-derlying database, according to EAA, is a ‘best practice’ in providing third parties information and instructions to improve their and Alcoa’s safety. In addition to this, the San Ciprian smelter ranked 3rd in the EAA Safety Solutions competition, following the development and implementation of a plant wide ergonomics risk assess-ment tool. The EAA received a total of 23 entries for its 2009 Safety Solu-tions Competition.

Khakas smelter anniversary: 750,000 mt of aluminium

15 Dec 2009 – UC RUSAL announces the third anniversary of the Khakas smelter’s operations, which have pro-duced over 750,000 mt of aluminium since the start-up. Ninety-nine per cent of this output are high metal grades. The cash costs of the Khakas aluminium smelter (KhAZ) are 14%

Well done! (left to right) Yousuf Bastaki, Duncan Hedditch and Salman Abdulla energi-

sing EMAL first pot

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Copper smelter at Mount Isa Mine Australia

less than the average figures across RUSAL’s aluminium operations, and is approximately USD 1,200/mt,which is the lowest among all the aluminium smelters globally. For the eleven months of 2009 the KhAZ pots performed at 320 kA with a current efficiency of 95% whilst consumption rates of raw materials were minimal and the daily smelter’s output was over 800 tonnes. Such a notable perform-ance came about due to the RA-300 technology developed by RUSAL’s in-house R&D staff – Engineering and Technology Centre. The RA-300, a cutting-edge reduction process, is also moderately energy-consuming: KhAZ needs 11% less electricity than the av-erage power consumption parameter across the company in general.

Großauftrag zur Fertigung von Zylinderköpfen

17. Nov. 2009 - Die KS Aluminium-Technologie GmbH nimmt die Volu-menfertigung von Aluminium-Zylin-derköpfen für einen neu entwickelten Dreizylinder-Common Rail Dieselmo-tor im Werk in Neckarsulm auf. Die Zylinderköpfe sollen in Fahrzeugen der Poloklasse des VW-Konzerns eingesetzt werden. Bei der Fertigung der Zylinder-köpfe kommt ein im Haus entwickeltes Schwerkraft-Kippgießverfahren zum Einsatz, das sich durch eine schichtend steigende Aluminiumfüllung der Gieß-kokille auszeichnet. Dadurch wird ein äußerst feines Gussgefüge erreicht.

Armenal produces over 20,000 tpy of thin foil

23 Dec 2009 – UC RUSAL’s ARME-NAL foil mill produced and sold over 20,000 tpa of aluminium foil, nearly twice as much as last year. ‘The mod-ernised equipment and the improved professional skills of our staff helped the foil mill achieve good production results this year,’ said Alexander Bur-din, Director of RUSAL’s Packaging Division. ‘Enhancement of the tech-nological processes raised production efficiency and enabled the mill to fully meet its customers’ needs.’ Having im-proved the quality of foil roll cutting by upgrading the cutting plant, the foil

mill has started to produce narrow-width 40-50 mm foil, which is in high demand in the global markets.

Alumar Alumina Refinery Expansion Dedicated

11 Dec 2009 - Alcoa has inaugurated the expansion of the Alumar alumina refinery in northern Brazil, where ca-pacity more than doubled from 1.5 million metric tons per year (mtpy) to 3.6 million mtpy. Alcoa’s share of the expansion will be 1.1 million mtpy. The expansion capacity at the refinery will be in the first quintile of low cost alumina production globally.

Kupfer - Copper

Financing package for growth projects

3 Jan 2010 - On 30 December, Kazakhmys signed Facility Agree-ments with Samruk for $2.1 billion of the allocated funds which will be available for the following projects: · $2 billion to fund the development of the Boschekul copper project and $100 million to fund the development of the Bozymchak gold/copper project. The remaining $600 million is available for signing over the next three years and will be allocated to other growth projects once committed.

Aurubis AG ends fiscal year 2008/09

16 Dec 2009 – In fiscal year 2008/09 Aurubis AG achieved earnings before taxes of € 73 million in a difficult mar-ket environment. Thanks to the again higher copper price, the high negative valuation effects of the first quarter were more than compensated. In to-tal, these valuation effects amounted to € 42 million and the operating re-sult to € 32 million. Thus, the positive trend that was already emerging in the third quarter continued. The sound business model at Aurubis prevented the operating result from sliding into the red, despite the poor economic en-vironment. In the first year of the full consolidation of the former Cumerio nv/sa, the net cash flow amounted to € 645 million and exceeded the com-parable prior-year figure by € 189 mil-lion, above all mainly due the steady controlling and reduction of the net working capital.

Development of Ernest Henry underground mine

3 Dec 2009 - Xstrata Copper an-nounced corporate approvals for a total investment of US$542 million to extend the life of its Ernest Henry Min-ing (EHM) operations near Cloncurry in north-west Queensland, Australia, to at least 2024, through the transfor-

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mation of open pit mining operations to a major underground mine together with the construction of an associated magnetite extraction plant. The deci-sion follows feasibility studies into the construction of a magnetite process-ing facility and the installation of full scale underground mining operations at EHM that have resulted in a revised Ore Reserve Estimate of 72 million tonnes at a grade of 1.0% copper, 0.5 grams per tonne gold and 22% mag-netite. The total tonnage represents a 600% increase over previously pub-lished underground reserves. The project will enable EHM to achieve annual production levels of approxi-mately 50,000 tonnes of copper and 70,000 ounces of gold in concentrates from 2012 when processing from open pit mining operations ceases. Copper-gold concentrates from EHM will con-tinue to be hauled by purpose-built trucks to Xstrata’s Mount Isa copper smelter.

Expansion at Antamina Mine

7 Jan 2010 - Teck Resources Limited announced that a major expansion at the Antamina mine in Peru is ex-pected to increase ore throughput by approximately 38% to 130,000 tonnes per day, and annual produc-tion of copper and zinc by approxi-mately 30% on completion in late 2011. Ore reserves at Antamina were increased by approximately 75% in 2008. The mine life is now expected to continue until 2029. Located in the Andes mountain range Antamina is one of the world‘s largest copper-zinc mines.

Formation of the “Río de Cobre”

12 Nov 2009 - Rio Tinto and CODELCO have entered into the “Río de Cobre” (River of Copper) technolo-gy alliance agreement. The new alliance allows both companies to jointly pur-sue next generation copper mining andprocessing technology development. The aim is to deliver safer, more energy efficient and lower cost of production from both current and next genera-tion open cut and deep underground mines whilst operating with a lower

environmental impact. Governed by an independent chair and vice chair, Río de Cobre will pursue step change technology development in the areas of Surface Mining, Underground Mining and Copper Mineral Recovery.

Nickel, Edel- und Sonderstahl - Nickel, Special Steel, Stainless

Umicore invests in recycling of rechargeable batteries

16 Nov 2010 - Umicore has decided to build an industrial scale recycling facil-ity for end-of-life rechargeable batteries in Hoboken, Belgium. The investment will enable Umicore to deal with the ex-pected growth in the availability of end-of-life Lithium-ion, Lithium-Polymer and Nickel Metal Hydride rechargeable batteries. Umicore currently operates a small scale facility which treats spent batteries that come primarily from portable electronic equipment such as mobile phones and laptop computers. The new facility will have an initial an-nual capacity of 7,000 tonnes. The new industrial operation will use Umicore’s proprietary and patented Ultra High Temperature Smelting technology. This breakthrough recycling process has high metal yields and will drasti-cally cut CO2 emissions compared to the primary production of cobalt

and nickel. Furthermore, this process is significantly more energy efficient than any other existing battery recy-cling process and also guarantees that no hazardous dioxins or other volatile organic compounds are released into the environment. It complies with the strictest regulations in terms of the re-quired recycling yields. Currently, the process allows for the recycling of co-balt, nickel, copper and other metals.

Veteli closes

12 Nov 2010 - Outokumpu is taking new actions to restructure its Stainless Tubular Business Unit (OSTP). To op-timize production the company intends to close its production site in Veteli in Finland.In Veteli, a wide range of fittings to tubular products are produced. Two of the production lines will be moved to Outokumpu‘s site in Jakobstad, Finland. The third line will be closed. Addition-ally, part of the production volumes will be moved to the site in Svedjeholmen in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. The closing of the Veteli site is planned to take place at the end of March 2010.

New service center in Gebze

14 Dec 2009 - ThyssenKrupp Stainless Istanbul Çelik Servis Merkezi A.Ș., a subsidiary of ThyssenKrupp Stainless International GmbH (Krefeld), opened

The new buildings in Gebze offer 16,000 square meters of space to enable prompt sup-

plies to customers of ThyssenKrupp Stainless Istanbul in Turkey.

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Kosteneffizienter Platin-Verbundwerkstoff aus Platin-Zirkoniumoxid für Zündkerzen.

Die Großaufnahme zeigt die in das Platin eingebundene Zirkoniumoxid-Phasen

a new service center, extending its exist-ing distribution structures for stainless steel flat products with an optimized logistics system and additional ware-house space. As a result, ThyssenKrupp Stainless International has expanded its range of services in Turkey and can now better supply customers with stainless steel products from the new Gebze site in the East of Istanbul.

Research centre for resource processing technologies

Dec 2009 - Rio Tinto and The Univer-sity of Queensland announced the for-mation of the Rio Tinto Centre for Ad-vanced Mineral Sorting to be located at the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre in Brisbane, Australia. According to Grant Thorne, himself an alumni of the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre and until very recently Rio Tin-to’s Group Executive for Technology and Innovation ”The $11 million Centre will focus on the development of advanced technologies for the separation and up-grading of important minerals, such as copper and nickel, with increased en-ergy efficiency.” Valuable metals such as copper and nickel are becoming in-creasingly hard to find and recover using traditional processing techniques. New copper deposits typically contain lower ore grades with more complex geology than those found in the past, making recovery of target minerals more costly and energy intensive.

Sale Of Ravensthorpe Nickel Operation

9 Dec 2009 - BHP Billiton has signed an agreement to sell the Ravensthorpe Nickel Operation to First Quantum Min-erals Australia Pty Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of First Quantum Minerals Ltd for US$340 million. First Quantum intends to undertake further review work with a view to recommencing operations at Ravensthorpe.

Yandicoogina with 50 million tonnes a year

30 Dec 2009 - Rio Tinto‘s Yandicoo-gina, Australia‘s largest-producing iron ore mine, has broken the 50 mil-

lion tonne mark for annual production for the first time. The milestone, all the more unexpected following the slump in demand for iron ore in early 2009 to-gether with severe flood-damage to rail operations, highlighted the substantial gains achieved through Rio Tinto‘s integrated network over the year. Yan-dicoogina is situated in a rich channel iron deposit 95km north-west of New-man, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Opened in 1998, though originally conceived on a far smaller scale, its first full year of operations produced 10.7 million tonnes.

New guidelines for duplex stainless steels

Specifiers and fabricators requiring the unique combination of high corrosion resistance and outstanding material strength provided by duplex stainless steels can now order or download the definitive guide to selecting and work-ing with duplex grades in English and Chinese from the International Mo-lybdenum Association (IMOA).The 64 page publication was produced by the International Molybdenum Associa-tion (IMOA) in cooperation with the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) and Euro Inox. Printed copies in either language can be requested by ad-dressing an enquiry to [email protected]. The publication is free of charge.

Restructuring of nickel business

9. Dec. 2009 - Xstrata Nickel has un-dertaken a full assessment of the fair value of its assets following the sub-stantial restructuring of its business undertaken during 2009 and as part of

the annual business planning process which commenced in July. As a result, a total estimated impairment charge of approximately $1.9 billion after tax will be incurred in Xstrata’s 2009 financial statements in respect of its Australian, Norwegian and Canadian nickel assets. Xstrata Nickel’s restructuring included the closure of high-cost, end-of-life mines in Sudbury, the suspension of the Falcondo and Montcalm operations, significant reductions in operational and corporate costs and the deferral of the Fraser Morgan and Sinclair Under-ground growth projects. The impact of these restructurings on exploration po-tential, life of mine plans and expecta-tions of post-restructuring capital and operating costs has continued to evolve over the course of the year.

Edelmetalle - precious metals

Neuer Platin-Verbundwerkstoff für Zündkerzenelektroden

Dez. 2009 - Bei der 7. Heraeus Inno-vationspreisverleihung Mitte Novem-ber in Hanau wurde zum zweiten Mal eine Entwicklerin mit dem ersten Preis ausgezeichnet. Dr. Tanja Eckardt vom Konzernbereich W. C. Heraeus ge-wann mit einem Platin-Verbundwerk-stoff für eine neue ressourceneffiziente Zündkerzen-Generation. Den zweiten Platz belegte Jake Markham (W. C. Heraeus) für die Entwicklung einer hochflexiblen, weniger als einen halben Millimeter dünnen Antriebswelle zur Verbesserung der diagnostischen Mög-lichkeiten beim Einsatz von Ultraschall in der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie. Dritter wurde Markus Schultheis (W. C.



Heraeus) für ein pulvermetallurgisches Herstellungsverfahren für rohrförmige Sputtertargets, die eine kostengünstige Beschichtung von Dünnschicht-Solar-zellen in der Photovoltaik-Industrie ermöglichen.

Oyu Tolgoi mining complex in Mongolia

7. Dec. 2009 - The joint Ivanhoe Mines-Rio Tinto Oyu Tolgoi Technical Com-mittee has approved a conditional US$758 million budget for 2010 to be-gin full-scale construction of the cop-per-gold mining complex in southern Mongolia. “The approval of the 2010 construction budget represents the next big step toward bringing this project into production,” Ivanhoe Mines’ Presi-dent and Chief Executive Officer John Macken said. “Ivanhoe is considering a schedule that could see construction of the initial open-pit mine completed in 2012 and commercial production begin in 2013.”

Gold reserves of Kumtor mine

Dec. 2009 - Centerra Gold Inc. issued updated estimates on the Company’s reserve and resource estimates and life-of-mine plans for its operating mines. At the Kumtor mine an estimated 1.3 mil-lion ounces of gold reserves have been added. After accounting for process-

ing of approximately 409,000 ounces of contained gold to October 31, 2009, Kumtor’s proven and probable min-eral reserves total 4.9 million ounces of contained gold as at October 31, 2009. Based on these estimates, the additional reserves will extend the Kumtor open pit mine-life to 2017.

Kibali gold project

22. Dec. 2010 - Further to the an-nouncement of 31 October 2009, AngloGold Ashanti Limited an-nounced the completion of the transac-tion whereby, together with Randgold Resources Limited, it has acquired an additional 20% stake in the Kibali gold project (formerly Moto gold project) for an aggregate consideration of ap-proximately US$113.6 million from L’Office des Mines d’Or de Kilo-Moto (OKIMO).

Sleeping Giant gold pour

Dec. 2009 - North American Palladium Ltd. announced financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2009. “We achieved several significant mile-stones during the third quarter,” said William J. Biggar, NAP’s President and Chief Executive Officer. “We strength-ened our balance sheet by raising over $70 million in equity, which will under-

pin our growth objectives. We also had further exploration success at Lac des Iles, and continue to be on schedule for reaching full commercial production at our Sleeping Giant gold mine in early 2010.” NAP poured its first gold at its Sleeping Giant mine shortly after quar-ter end on October 6, 2009. There was no palladium production for the quarter ended September 30, 2009, as compared to 63,791 ounces in the third quarter last year due to the Lac des Iles (“LDI”) mine being on care and maintenance during the quarter. The Company added to its land package in Quebec, signing an agreement to earn a 50% interest in the Laflamme gold prop-erty, and, after quarter end, acquired the Harricana North Property. Both prop-erties are in the prolific Abitibi region of Quebec and strategically located in relation to the Sleeping Giant mill.

Blei, Zink, Zinn - Lead, Zinc, Tin

Approval for Antamina Expansion

5 Jan 2010 - BHP Billiton it has approved its share of the capital expenditure re-quired to expand mining and process-ing capacity at the Antamina copper and zinc mine in northern Peru. An-tamina is a joint venture between BHP Billiton (33.75%), Xstrata (33.75%), Teck Resources (22.5%) and Mitsubishi Corporation (10%). All four partners have approved their respective shares of the project’s US$1,288 million capi-tal budget (BHP Billiton share US$434.7 million). The expansion project will in-crease the site’s ore processing capacity by 38% to 130,000 tonnes per day.

Ausmelt wins new Tin Smelter Contract in China

9 Dec 2009 - Ausmelt Limited (AET) has won its second tin smelter contract

Hochflexible dünne Antriebswellen zur Verbesserung der diagnostischen Möglichkeiten

beim Einsatz von Ultraschall in der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie

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in China. The Company will supply tin smelting technology, design and techni-cal services, and core equipment for a tin smelter with a capacity to allow the production of around 20,000 tonnes a year of tin metal. The client is China Tin Co., Limited. China Tin is the second largest tin producer in China and the new smelter will be located alongside the existing facility at Liabing City in Chinaís Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

85% interest in Coricancha mine in Peru

13 Nov 2009 - Nyrstar NV has com-pleted the acquisition of an 85% inter-est in the Coricancha mine in Peru. The Coricancha mine is a poly-metallic mine with more than 60 years of oper-ating history and currently comprises a 600-tonne per day ore processing facil-ity, underground mine and reserves and resources containing gold, silver, zinc, lead and copper. Operations at the mine have been suspended since May 2008. The Company intends to re-start the mine after construction of a new tailings facility in H1 2010.

Acquisition of East-Tennessee zinc mine complex

7 Dec 2009 - Nyrstar NV has completed the acquisition of the East-Tennessee zinc mine complex in Tennessee, US and that the East-Tennessee and Gor-donsville zinc mine complexes (the lat-ter acquired by Nyrstar in May 2009) would be combined to create the Nyrstar Tennessee Mines. The Nyrstar Tennessee Mines comprise the East-Tennessee and Gordonsville zinc mine complexes. The East-Ten-nessee zinc mine complex comprises three separate mines (Young, Immel and Coy) that are located within 20 miles of each other and 250 miles east of Nyrstar’s Clarksville smelter. The Gor-donsville zinc mine complex also com-prises three separate mines (Elmwood, Gordonsville and Cumberland) that are located within 10 miles of each other and 100 miles east of the Clarksville smelter. At full production the Nyr-star Tennessee Mines will be capable of producing (approximately) 210,000 dry

metric tonnes (dmt) of zinc concentrate at a zinc grade of (approximately) 62% providing more than 100% of Nyrstar’s Clarksville smelter’s requirements. The Nyrstar Tennessee Mines’ current re-serves and resources indicate a mine life of (approximately) 15 years and have a record of one-for-one reserve replace-ment.

Kidd Metallurgical Plant to cease operations

8 Dec 2009 - Xstrata Copper Canada will permanently cease operation of its copper and zinc metallurgical plants at the Kidd Metallurgical site in Tim-mins on 1 May 2010, as part of a plan to restructure its Canadian metallurgical operations. The Kidd mine and con-centrator will remain in operation.

Cobalt

Golden Ratio discovered in a Quantum World

The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), in co-operation with colleagues from Oxford and Bristol Universities, as well as the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, are describing a nanoscale symmetry hidden in solid state matter. Measures show signatures of a symmetry showing the same attributes as the golden ratio famous from art and architecture.On the atomic scale particles do not behave as in the macro-atomic world. New properties emerge which are the result of an effect known as the Heisen-berg‘s Uncertainty Principle. In order to study these nanoscale quantum ef-fects the researchers have focused on the magnetic material cobalt niobate. It consists of linked magnetic atoms, which form chains just like a very thin bar magnet, but only one atom wide and are a useful model for describing ferromagnetism on the nanoscale in solid state matter.When applying a magnetic field at right angles to an aligned spin the magnetic chain will transform into a new state called quantum critical, which can be thought of as a quantum version of a fractal pattern.

The observed resonant states in cobalt niobate are a dramatic laboratory il-lustration of the way in which mathe-matical theories developed for particle physics may find application in nano-scale science and ultimately in future technology. Prof. Tennant remarks on the perfect harmony found in quantum uncertainty instead of disorder. „Such discoveries are leading physicists to speculate that the quantum, atomic scale world may have its own underly-ing order. Similar surprises may await researchers in other materials in the quantum critical state.“These results were achieved by using a special probe - neutron scattering. It allows physicists to see the actual atomic scale vibrations of a system. Dr. Elisa Wheeler, who has worked at both Oxford University and Berlin on the project, explains „using neutron scat-tering gives us unrivalled insight into how different the quantum world can be from the every day“. However, „the conflicting difficulties of a highly com-plex neutron experiment integrated with low temperature equipment and precision high field apparatus make this a very challenging undertaking indeed.“ In order to achieve success „in such challenging experiments under extreme conditions“ The HZB in Berlin has brought together world leaders in this field. By combining the special expertise in Berlin whilst tak-ing advantage of the pulsed neutrons at ISIS, near Oxford, permitted a per-fect combination of measurements to be made.

The magnetic field is used to tune

the chains of spins to a quantum

critical state. The resonant modes

(„notes“) are detected by scatter-

ing neutrons. These scatter with

the characteristic frequencies of

the spin chains.



Dec 2009 - EUROFER strongly wel-comes the decision of the European Commission to prolong the steel im-port prior surveillance system and to extend its coverage. This decision reflects the openness of the European steel market and therefore its vulner-ability to sudden import surges. Rapid, advance information of sudden chang-es in trade flows is essential. “The

burden-free automatic licence-based system is a reliable tool of accurate and timely information on anticipated steel imports. Advanced statistical in-formation is critical for our industry permitting rapid analysis of increas-ingly volatile steel import trends.” said Gordon Moffat, Director General of EUROFER. “In the current context of excess capacity worldwide driven

by the huge over-capacity situation in China together with the protectionist measures adopted by all major steel regions outside Europe, there is a sig-nificant risk of diversion of trade flows to the European market. This measure by the Commission and member states is recognition of this threat and there-fore a prudent precautionary meas-ure”, explains Gordon Moffat.

Fragile and Sensitive

While he believes a figure of 23.5m tonnes may prove to be more realistic for this year, Mr Wright is “still opti-mistic” that the global output predic-tion of 27.2m tonnes for 2010 will be realised. The market continues to be “fragile” and “sensitive”, and it remains unclear when the recovery will begin to gain momentum, he told delegates.The same speaker also noted that glo-bal scrap availability appears set to fall from 7.5m tonnes in 2008 to around 6.8m tonnes this year before increasing in 2010 and exceeding 8m tonnes by 2013 at the latest.

What is missing remains the end user

In his report on the Asian market, Mark Sellier of OneSteel Recycling sum-marised the concern central to many of the national and regional reports, namely whether fundamental demand for stainless steel is sufficient to con-sume stock or whether a further period of decline should be anticipated. Reporting on the US market, Barry Hunter of Hunter Alloys LLC de-clared: “What is missing remains the

end user.” Scrap continues to be tight and so any upturn in domestic con-sumer demand will probably be met with inflated scrap prices. Mr Hunter also identified a number of encourag-ing market factors including: more positive economic indicators in the USA; the number of huge energy/environmental projects “which even-tually must happen” and so boost de-mand for stainless and nickel-bearing materials; and anticipated 10% growth in Chinese stainless production next year.

Stainless scrap - “a rare commodity”

Other reports also emphasised the shortage of stainless steel scrap, includ-ing that for the Middle East provided by Ahmad Sharif of Sharif Metals Est. in Jordan. And in his Germany/Belgium report, Michael Sutter of Cronimet GmbH in Germany identified a sig-nificant drop in new production scrap availability, adding that stainless scrap has become “a rare commodity”.According to the report submitted by Anand Gupta of India-based Ambica Steels, latest figures show that his coun-try’s imports of stainless steel scrap are

running some 27% below those of last year due to weak demand from domes-tic stainless steel producers. Operating capacities have improved to around 80-85% but prices for finished goods remain “under extreme pressure”. Offering a Russian perspective, Ildar Neverov of Scrap Market Ltd pointed to official forecasts that stainless steel scrap exports will amount to around 100,000 tonnes in 2009; however, the speaker believes the actual figure may be significantly higher. Mr Neverov also alluded to unconfirmed reports that Russia is considering a five-fold in-crease in the export duty. “This would kill the export business,” he said.

High temperature alloy and titanium

In his high temperature alloy and tita-nium report, Phil Rosenberg of Key-well in the USA confirmed that both markets remain quiet, not least due to low activity levels in the aerospace sec-tor. Of long-term concern for the scrap titanium industry is growing sponge capacity, he added.Guest speaker at the BIR Stainless Steel & Special Alloys Round-Table was Sheraz Neffati, who is in charge of external relations at the International Chromium Development Association. Having described sustainability and recycling as “our main challenges”, she showed a video hailing stainless steel as a “champion” of recycling.

Market remains fragile Stainless Steel & Special Alloys Committee: BIR Autumn Round-Table Sessions Amsterdam

The forecast for global stainless steel production in 2009 has been reduced to around

24m tonnes “but it is debatable whether this will be achieved”, the BIR Stainless Steel

& Special Alloys Round-Table was warned in Amsterdam by its Chairman, Michael

Wright of ELG Haniel Metals in the UK.

Prior surveillance on imports of certain steel products

46



US demand for materials used in bat-teries and fuel cells is expected to de-cline to $4.3 billion in 2013, largely as a result of a moderation in raw mate-rial prices, particularly lead, which increased at double-digit rates during the 2003-2008 period. In particular, growth will be bolstered by an accel-eration in lead-acid battery output as motor vehicle production recovers. The continued popularity of high-drain electronic devices will provide favorable opportunities for metals, chemicals and other materials. Metals will continue to be the leading material type in batteries and fuel cells largely as a result of the enormity of the lead-ac-id motor vehicle battery market. De-mand for chemicals in volume terms will recover from the losses of the 2003-2008 period, aided by increases in demand for lead-acid and alkaline batteries. Among the functional cat-egories for battery and fuel cell mate-rials, the most rapid gains will be for performance additives and catalysts.

Demand will be driven by the ongoing need to improve battery performance and longevity, as well as by good pros-pects for the production of fuel cells, most of which incorporate costly pre-cious metal catalysts such as platinum. Active materials and electrodes com-

prised the largest functional category for materials in 2008, accounting for more than half of demand. These and other trends are presented in Battery & Fuel Cell Materials, a new study from The Freedonia Group, Inc. (Informa-tion: www.freedoniagroup.com)

In late 2009, the global tantalum mar-ket bore little resemblance to that of a year earlier. In mid-2008, tanta-lum consumption was on a strong growth trend in its principal markets – electronics and aerospace superal-loys – which make up around 75% of tantalum consumption. Adequate primary supply was in place to meet the industry’s needs, along with sub-stantial quantities of scrap, which is mostly generated during capacitor manufacture.Things then changed rapidly. In the second half of 2009, the tantalum mar-ket faces a period of uncertainty that will, quite possibly, remain until 2012. Global economic downturn had a very marked effect on the tantalum supply/demand balance. Demand in 2009 will very probably prove to be 40% down on 2008, but analyst Roskill considers it will fully recover by 2012. Whether or not the supply will be in place to meet that demand is another issue en-tirely.

Historically, the larger part of global primary tantalum supply has come from one producer in Australia, Tali-son, which sold to the major proces-sors under long-term, fixed-price con-tracts. In late 2008, Talison attempted to renegotiate its contract prices and to increase them significantly, to a level at which it could produce economically. Its customers, faced with declining downstream demand, large invento-ries that had their origins nearly ten years earlier, and the ready availabil-ity of low-cost material from Central Africa, did not renew their contracts. Talison ceased mine production, tak-ing about a third of primary supply out of the market, and was soon followed by other conventional producers. A large part of the primary supply chain is not producing in 2009 and there are no clear indications as to when, or if, it will come back to the market. Inventories are running down, scrap is in shorter supply be-cause of a fall in capacitor manufacture

and it is quite possible that legislation under consideration in the USA could severely restrict or even halt the sup-ply of tantalum from Central Africa. Several projects are at various stages of development around the world and some could be in production by 2011 or 2012. Combined, their output would solve the tantalum supply question for the foreseeable future and obviate the need to source “conflict minerals”. It is almost certain that a tantalum supply squeeze is approaching. If de-mand picks up faster than expected, a spike in spot prices seems inevita-ble. Stability will probably not return to the market until the new projects come on-stream, or consumers accept contract prices at a level sufficient for Talison to reopen.

The Economics of Tantalum (10th Edition 2009) is available at 4000 Eu-ros from Roskill Information Services Ltd, [email protected], www.roskill.com/reports/tantalum

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Lead-acid battery scrap

Battery & Fuel Cell Materials

Large part of the primary Tantalum supply chain is not producing in 2009



Trotz dieser positiven Er-wartung würden die Rah-menbedingungen für die Stahlunternehmen in

Deutschland auch im kommenden Jahr unverändert herausfordernd sein: Nachfrage und Produktion blie-ben bei Eintreffen der Prognose noch unterhalb ihres langfristigen Trends. „Eine Rückkehr zum Trendwachs-tum ist frühestens 2011 zu erreichen“, hofft der Stahlverbandspräsident. Der erwartete Zuwachs im kommen-den Jahr gründe sich vor allem auf die Stabilisierung des Lagerzyklus. In der ersten Jahreshälfte 2009 hatte der Abbau von Lagerbeständen bei Stahlhändlern und -Verarbeitern die Stahlkonjunktur erheblich belastet. Beim Stahlbedarf wurde nur Stagna-tion unterstellt. Zwar hätten sich bei vielen stahlverarbeitenden Branchen in den letzten Monaten die Signale gemehrt, dass der Tiefpunkt durch-schritten sei. „Die Lage ist jedoch weiterhin fragil und der Erholungs-prozess noch nicht selbsttragend“, so Kerkhoff.

Rahmenbedingungen müssen stimmen

2010 lägen Aufwärtschancen und Risiken dicht nebeneinander. Auf der einen Seite scheine eine bessere Entwicklung möglich, sofern sich

die Weltkonjunktur zügiger als er-wartet erholt, das Vertrauen auf den Finanzmärkten sich festigt und die Zuversicht der Verbraucher erhalten bleibt. Sorge bereite auf der anderen Seite die sich zuspitzende Finanzie-rungssituation in einigen stahlverar-beitenden Branchen. Risiken für die Stahlkonjunktur ergeben sich auch aus volatilen Rohstoffpreisen, die trotz der veränderten konjunkturel-len Lage nach wie vor auf einem im langjährigen Vergleich sehr hohen Niveau liegen. „Vor diesem Hinter-grund kommt der wettbewerbsge-rechten Gestaltung der politischen Rahmenbedingungen eine besondere Bedeutung zu“, mahnt der Stahlprä-sident.

Erholung der Stahlnachfrage

Weltweit erhole sich die Stahlnach-frage zurzeit schneller als erwartet. Eine besondere Rolle komme China zu, wo das Stahlmarktvolumen in diesem Jahr – dank eines umfang-reichen, auch auf die Stahlindustrie zugeschnittenen Konjunkturpro-gramms – um mehr als 20 % wächst. Auch 2010 werde der chinesische Stahlmarkt, wenn auch abgeschwächt, weiter wachsen. In den meisten ande-ren aufstrebenden Volkswirtschaften, insbesondere in Asien, Südamerika, dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten so-

wie in Nordafrika, nimmt die Stahl-konjunktur ebenfalls im kommenden Jahr wieder mehr Fahrt auf. Die Welt-Stahlnachfrage werde voraussichtlich bereits im kommenden Jahr wieder zu dem Vorkrisen-Niveau aus dem Jahre 2007 zurückkehren.

Risiko Außenhandel

„Im nächsten Jahr gehen weiterhin erhebliche Risiken vom Außenhandel aus“, prognostiziert Kerkhoff. Welt-weit nähmen die Rohstahlkapazitäten zu. Allein in China würden 2010 wei-tere 40 Mio. t Rohstahl zusätzlich pro-duziert werden können. Ein erneutes Anziehen der chinesischen Exporte, die 2009 stark abgenommen haben, scheine daher möglich. Anzeichen für eine erneute Trendwende im chinesi-schen Außenhandel seien bereits seit August erkennbar.

Langsamer Aufstieg aus dem Tal

21. Dez. 2009 - „Nach dem tiefen Sturz 2009 mit einem Minus von 28 % auf knapp

33 Mio. t Rohstahl wird die Stahlproduktion in Deutschland 2010 wieder wachsen.

Wir erwarten eine Zunahme zwischen 10 und 15 % auf dann 36 bis 38 Mio. t“, sagt

Hans Jürgen Kerkhoff, Präsident der Wirtschaftsvereinigung Stahl in Düsseldorf.

Cautious optimism in an economic recovery has been expressed by the European Aluminium Foil Associa-tion (EAFA) following publication of alufoil data for the first nine months of 2009. Latest figures show a 9.2 % fall to 569,200t in members’ alufoil pro-duction, compared with the first three

quarters of 2008 but the figures for September 2009 compared with 2008 indicate that there are some green shoots of recovery. EAFA shipments of thin foils, mainly used for flexible packaging and household foil, fell by only 3.2% to 327,500t for the first three quarters of 2009 compared with

2008. On the other hand, in line with the major recessionary impacts the worst affected area was automotive and construction which uses thicker foils, down 22.1% to 147,600 t. Sales within EAFA member countries fell by 10 % while exports to other countries dropped by a modest 4.8%.

Cautious optimism for alufoil sales

Hans Jürgen Kerkhoff

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Michael E. Lutheran, vice president of United States Metal Powders Inc. (USMP), Flemington, N.J., was elected president of the Metal Pow-der Industries Federation (MPIF) and Barton White, president of SCM Metal Products Inc., Research Tri-angle Park, N.C., was elected president of the Metal Pow-der Producers Association (MPPA). Lutheran succeeds Mark C. Paullin, president and CEO of Capstan, Gardena, Calif. Before joining USMP (for-merly U.S. Bronze Powders Inc.) in 2007, Lutheran was

senior vice president of North American Hoganas, Inc., Hollsopple, Pa. Active in the powder metallurgy (PM) in-dustry, he served as president of MPPA and was a director of APMI International, the industry’s professional soci-ety. He has a degree in met-allurgical engineering from Penn State. White was vice president and general manager of AMPAL Inc., Palmerton, Pa., before joining SCM in 2004. His de-grees from Concordia Uni-versity in Montreal include a BSC in chemistry and an MBA.

Highlands Pacific announces the appointment of Mr Drew Simonsen as Non-Executive Director to replace Mr Ian Burvill who is stepping down to concentrate on other work commitments. Mr Simonsen was the Global Head of Ener-gy & Resources, Telecommu-nications & IT for Westpac Banking Corporation where

he worked for over 15 years. Prior to Westpac, he worked for Bank of America in Aus-tralia, the USA and Hong Kong for 10 years includ-ing roles as Vice President Project Finance, Director of Investment Banking, Direc-tor of Corporate Banking and Director of Financial Markets.

The Aluminum Associa-tion announced that Kevin Kramer, President, Alcoa Growth Initiatives, has been elected to serve on the As-sociation’s Board of Direc-tors and appointed to the Board’s Executive Commit-tee. Kramer joined Alcoa in 2004 following a 21-year career at Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. While at Alcoa, Kramer was President of Alcoa Wheel & Transpor-tation Products where he was responsible for forged wheels and aluminum structures. In this position, Kramer was

also Executive Sponsor of the Ground Transportation Market Sector Team, a mem-ber of the Alcoa Employee Relations Council, and acted as the Alcoa Sponsor for the Toyota relationship across all businesses. Kramer was named to his current and newly created position in June 2009. In this role, he is responsible for supporting commercialization strategies for organic growth, and iden-tifying and developing new applications that respond to market trends and custom-ers’ needs.

Metal Powder Group elects offi cersNon-Executive Director Changes

Aluminum Association elects

Kevin Kramer

Dr. Lars Grünert (41) wurde mit Wirkung zum 01.01.2010 als weiterer Ge-schäftsführer der TRUMPF GmbH + Co. KG bestellt, der Managementholding der TRUMPF Gruppe. Sein Aufgabenbereich umfasst

die kaufmännische Lei-tung des Geschäftsbereichs Lasertechnik / Elektronik, die Zentralbereiche IT und Prozesse sowie die Organi-sationsentwicklung.Außerdem ist er innerhalb der Gruppengeschäftsfüh-rung für die Aktivitäten von TRUMPF im nordameri-kanischen Markt verant-wortlich. Damit besteht die Geschäftsführung des Fa-milienunternehmens unter dem Vorsitz von Dr. Nicola Leibinger-Kammüller aus insgesamt sieben Mitglie-dern.

ArcelorMittal announced that Georges Schmit stepped down from his position as a member of the Board of Di-rectors on 31 December, due to his appointment as Con-sul General of Luxembourg based in San Francisco. In re-placement of Mr. Schmit, the Board has co-opted Jeannot Krecké as an interim board

member starting 1 January 2010. Mr Krecke’s appoint-ment to the Board will be pro-posed to shareholders at the Company’s Annual General Meeting. Like Mr Schmit, Mr. Krecké, who is Luxembourg’s Minister of the Economy and Foreign Trade, will serve on ArcelorMittal’s Board as a shareholder representative.

The Executive Vice Presi-dent for General Stainless and a member of the Ex-ecutive Committee, Pekka Erkkilä, takes over the man-agement of Tornio Works in addition to his current

duties. Antti Pihko, who was responsible for Tornio Works during the opera-tionally challenging time from late 2005, will move by mutual agreement to man-age the Kemi Mine.

Aluminum Association President, Steve Larkin has been elected to serve on the Board of Directors of the Na-tional Association of Manu-facturers Council of Manu-facturing Associations. The mission of the 225 member

Council is to promote leg-islative, regulatory and eco-nomic policies that enhance manufacturing. The Council also creates educational and professional development opportunities for leaders of the member associations.

TRUMPF erweitert

Gruppengeschäftsführung

Jeannot Krecké to be appointed to

ArcelorMittal‘s Board of Directors

Change in the management of

Tornio Works

Aluminum Association President to re-

join NAM Manufacturing Council Board

Lars

Grünert



Professor Kammel was born on January 10, 1925 in Schat-zlar [Žacléř in Czech] in the Riesengebirge [Giant Moun-

tains or Sudetes Mountains - the Ger-man-speaking district of the former Czechoslovakia on the border with Poland. Also known as Krkonoše in Czech or Karkonosze in Polish]. After finishing his education in elementary and secondary schools in 1943 he was drafted to the German Air Force and trained as pilot. After World War II he was employed in the chemical indus-try. In 1948 he started his studies at Tech-nische Hochschule Aachen in the fields of Nonferrous and Electrometallurgy. He received the Diplom-Ingenieur degree in 1953 and the Dr.Ing. degree in 1955. In 1956 he was awarded a Post-doctoral Fellowship of the National Academy of Science to conduct research in USA. He was Guest Profes-sor in Japan, Korea, Turkey, and Egypt. Following his habilitation in 1966 in the area of Nonferrous Metallurgy he was nominated Associate Professor for Electroplating and Surface Finishing. On April 1969 he was appointed Pro-fessor and Director of the Institute of Nonferrous Metallurgy at the Tech-nical University in Berlin where he remained in Berlin till his retirement in 1992. During his teaching career a

number of students from many coun-tries finished their studies under his direction. Ten of these became later metallurgy professors. He was host to several guest scientists and professors from all over the world who contribut-ed enormously during their stay to the research activities of his Institute. He also maintained long periods of coop-eration with Japan, India, Egypt, Boliv-ia, Brazil, Finland, Poland, Czechoslo-vakia and later Slovakia. Main fields of interest were extractive metallurgy and electroplating. His publications and patents either alone or with his co-workers are more than 450. Since 1995 the Technical University of Košice organized the Conferences Quo Vadis Hydrometallurgy to be held regularly every three years in Slovakia. They were later dedicataed to Profes-sor Kammel under title Kammel‘s Quo Vadis Hydrometallurgy. The Univer-sity also created in 1996 the R. Kam-mel Foundation for helping students of Department of Nonferrous Metallurgy and Waste Treatment at the Technical University in Košice to travel abroad for study and to organize social and sci-entific events among others with funds supplied by Kammel. Professor Kam-mel was named Honorary President during his life time. From 1973-79 Kammel served as Presi-dent of the German Electroplater Soci-

ety. He was from 1970-88 advisor to the Ministry of Research and Technology. He received in 1994 the Gold Medal of Technical University Košice in Slova-kia. He became honorary member of the German Electroplater Society and the Korean Metal Finishing Society. In 1971 he received an Honorary Doctor Degree from Keio University in Tokyo, Japan and another from the Techni-cal University in Košice. In the year 2000 the German Metallurgical Soci-ety awarded him the Georg Agricola Medal.

(1) Tomas Havlik, Technical Univer-sity in Košice, Slovak Republic

(2) Fathi Habashi, Laval University in Quebec City, Canada

Roland Kammel (1925-2009)

With great regret we announce the death on January 17, 2009 of our good friend

Roland Kammel, Emeritus Professor at the Technical University in Berlin.

Roland Kammel

Havlik, T. (1); Habashi, F. (2)

The curators of the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH) decided to expand the board of directors of the LZH at their last meeting in November. Prof. Dr.-Ing Ludger Overmeyer, head of the Institute of Transport and Automation Technol-ogy at the Leibniz Uni-

versität Hannover (LUH), and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Wesling, head of the Insti-tute for Welding Technolo-gy and Separation Processes at the TU Clausthal are the new board members, both dedicated to guiding the non-university research institute.

Navasota Resources Ltd. announced the appoint-ment of Todd Mont-gomery and Mason Douglas to the Board of Directors. In addition to their direc-torship roles, Mr. Mont-gomery will serve as Nav-asota’s Chief Executive

officer and Mr. Douglas will serve as Chief Oper-ating Officer. Steve Bajic has stepped down as a director of Navasota. Navasota is also planning a name change, subject to regulatory approval, to Anglo Aluminum Corpo-ration.

LZH Expands Board of Directors Navasota appoints two new Directors

V E R A N S T A L T U N G E N


Call for papers

ESBES - ISPPP - BIOTHERMO DYNAMICS 2010 06 to 08 September 2010 Bologna/ItalyThis conference provides the unique opportunity to discover new science, technologies, processes, and applica-tions, dedicated to researchers in sci-ence as well as product developers in industry, by bringing together three recognised symposia at the same time and in one place. Deadline: February 15, 2010 .Information: DECHEMA e.V. Con-gress Office Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25 60486 Frankfurt am Main Germa-ny, Tel. +49 69-7564-129 Fax +49 69-7564-176 E-Mail: martz(at)dechema.de, www.cehema.de/BEST2010

LANE 2010 - Internationale Photonik Konferenz & Ausstellung 21. bis 24. September 2010 ErlangenLANE 2010 ist die sechste internati-onale Konferenz und Ausstellung zu photonischen Technologien mit Fo-kus auf Lasermaterialbearbeitung. Es werden Strahlquellen, Systeme, Pro-zesse und Prozessoptimierung näher betrachtet. Deadline: 15. Februar 2010Information: Bayerisches Laserzen-trum GmbH Konrad-Zuse-Str. 2-6, 91052 Erlangen Deutschland, Tel. 1: +49-(0)9131-8523239 Tel. 2: +49-(0)9131-9779038 Fax: +49-(0)9131-9779011, [email protected], www.lane-conference.org

Nineteenth Annual International Anodizing Conference 05 to 07 October 2010 Montreal, Quebec, CanadaThe conference covers presentations covering a range of anodizing-related subjects to ensure that delegates are offered the most innovative, timely, and relevant issues in the anodizing industry today. Abstracts should be submitted as soon as possible.Information: Aluminum Anodizers Council, 1000 N. Rand Road, #214, Wauconda,IL 60084, Tel: 847/526-2010 | Fax: 847/526-3993, www.ano-dizing.org, [email protected]

Materials Science & Technology 2010 Conference & Exhibition 17 to 21 October 2010 Houston, TexasTopics will be: - Biomaterial Tech-nology - Ceramic and Glass Materi-als - Corrosion Control and Sustain-ability - Electronic and Magnetic Ma-terials - Environmental and Energy Issues - Fundamentals and Charac-terization - Iron and Steel - Materi-als Performance - Nanotechnology - Processing and Product Manufactur-ing - Special Topics. Deadline: 15 March 2010.Information: MS&T ‚ 10, 600 N. Cleve-land Ave., Suite 210 , Westerville, Ohio 43082, www.matscitech.org

Erprobung und Simulation in der Fahrzeugentwicklung 16. bis 17. November 2010 Baden-BadenThemen sind u.a. Erprobung von Al-ternativen Antrieben – Hybrid, Elektro und Brennstoffzelle, Sensorik für As-sistenz- und aktive Sicherheitssysteme sowie Technik und Prüfmethodik von Fahrsimulatoren. Deadline: 18. März 2010Information: VDI Wissensforum GmbH, VDI-Platz 1 – D-40468 Düs-seldorf, Tel. +49 (0) 211 62 14--

201 Fax.154 [email protected], www.vdi-wissensforum.de/fileadmin/pdf/429001cfp.pdf

Valve World Conference 2010 Valve World Expo 30. November to 02 Dec. 2010 DüsseldorfWith the Valve World Expo and the Valve World Conference, Messe Düs-seldorf will host the most important trade fair for valve technology. The outstanding development of the fair has pushed the Maastricht location to

Fortbildungsveranstaltungen

Titel Datum, Ort Kontaktadresse

ASM metallography courses: 22 to 26 February 2010 ASM, ASM World HeadquartersComplete Metallography of Fasteners Rancho Dominguez, CA 9639 Kinsman RoadAluminum and Its Alloys 08 to 12 March 2010 Materials Park, OH 44073 Materials Park, OH Tel. 440/338-5151Mechanical Testing of Metals 22 to 26 March 2010 asmcommunity.asminternatio- Materials Park, OH nal.org MemberServiceCenter@ asminternational.org

Annual Safety & Standards Seminar 17 March 2010 BIFCA West Bromwich, UK National Metalforming CentreBurner Technology 10 March 2010 47 Birmingham Road West Bromwich, UK West Bromwich, B70 6PYFurnace Modeling 14 April 2010 Tel: +44 (0) 121 601 6350 West Bromwich, UK Fax: +44 (0) 121 601 6387 www.bifca.org.uk [email protected]

Verfahrenstechnik der UV-härtenden 2. März 2010 Technische Akademie Lacke und Druckfarben Wuppertal Wuppertal e.V. Hubertusallee 18 42117 Wuppertal Tel./Fax: 0202/7495 - 207 / -228 www.taw.de

Fügen von Kupferwerkstoffen 09. bis 10. März 2010 Deutsches Kupferinstitut Duisburg Berufsverband e. V. Am Bonneshof 5 40474 Düsseldorf Tel./Fax: 0211/47963-00 / -10 www.kupferinstitut.de

Stahlnormen, ihre Besonderheiten 27. April 2010 Haus der Technik e.V.und Fallstricke Essen Hollestr. 1, 45127 EssenDie wichtigsten amerikanischen 28. April 2010 Tel./Fax: 0201/18 03-1 / -269 Normen und Werkstoffbezeichnungen Essen [email protected] Vergleich zu europäischen www.hdt-essen.deWerkstoffenNormen und Werkstoffe für die Luft- 29. April 2010und Raumfahrt Essen

Metallkorrosion – 19. bis 20. April 2010 Ostbayerisches Technologie-eine vermeidbare Materialzerstörung? Regensburg Transfer-Institut e.V. (OTTI)Lager optimieren 20. bis 21. April 2010 Wernerwerkstr. 4 Regensburg 93049 RegensburgFügetechnik Kleben 26. bis 28. April 2010 Tel./Fax: 0941/29688-36 / -31 Regensburg www.otti.de

Einführung in die Metallkunde für 02. bis 05. März 2010 Deutsche Gesellschaft fürIngenieure und Techniker Darmstadt Materialkunde e.V. Titan und Titanlegierungen 17. bis 18. März 2010 Senckenberganlage 10 Köln 60325 Frankfurt Systematische Beurteilung technischer 21. bis 26. März 2010 Tel./Fax: 069/75306-757 / -733 Schadensfälle Ermatingen, Schweiz [email protected], Ermittlung und Bewertung 22. bis 24. März 2010von Eigenspannungen Karlsruhe


V E R A N S T A L T U N G E N

METALL - verständlich, die kompe-tente Seminarreihe der Zeitschrift METALL – wendet sich speziell an Praktiker, Neulinge und Querein-steiger in Metallurgie und Werk-stoffkunde.

Die aktuelle Themenauswahl umfasstKupfer/Kupferlegierungen,

Aluminium/Aluminiumlegie-rungen,

Magnesium sowie Stahl/Gusseisen: Das EKD und

die Wärmebehandlung

Keine Zeit? Zu viele potenzielle Teil-nehmer?Kein Problem: METALL kommt in Ihre Firma. Alle Seminare sind als Inhouse-Seminar buchbar.

Die Referentin Dr.-Ing. Catrin Kam-mer verfügt über eine langjährige Lehrerfahrung in Werkstoffkunde, Metallurgie, Chemie und Ferti-gungstechnik an unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen (Universität, Fach-schule, Fachhochschule, Praktiker-seminare). Damit kann die Themen-

auswahl speziell den Vorkenntnissen der Teilnehmer angepasst werden.

Informationen und Abstimmung:

METALL, Dr.-Ing. Catrin Kammer, Tel. 0049/5321/330504, Fax -03 [email protected]

its spatial limits. Deadline: 1st Febru-ary 2010Information: Valve World, KCI Pub-lishing BV in Zutphen, Niederlande, Tel. +31 575 585 270, [email protected], www.valve-world.net

März

OZ10 - 3rd German-Japanese Symposium on Nanostructures 28 February to 2 March 2010 Wenden/OlpeOZ-10 will provide a small but first-class technical programme to cover aspects in a niche and at the same time super important field of nanostructu-red materials in applied science and technology.Information: OZ-10 Organization, Maltoz-Str. 57482 Wenden, Germany, tel. +49 (0) 2762 / 9756-0, Fax: +49 (0) 2762 / 9756-7, www.zoz-group.de/OZ/

Stahlmarkt 2010 03. bis 04. März 2010 DüsseldorfInformation: Euroforum, Prinzenallee 3, D-40549 Düsseldorf, www.handels-blatt-stahlmarkt.de/

2nd Global Steel Conference 05 to 06 March 2010 Kolkata, India

Information: Steel & Metallurgy, 1A, Shakti 166, Rajdanga NabapallyE.M. Bypass - Rashbehari Connector, Kolkata - 700 107, India, www.steelme-tallurgy.com

2. Goslarer Tag der Metallurgie 03. bis 05. März 2010 GoslarMetalle pro Klima, CO2-Emissions-handel, Initiative Zink – das alles sind Projektarbeiten, mit denen Elemente der Nichteisen-Metallindustrie in ih-rer Leistungsfähigkeit und Bedeutung gegenüber Politik und Gesellschaft dargestellt und bewusst gemacht wer-den sollen. Anliegen des Tages der Metallurgie ist es, für die gesamte Branche zu den entscheidenden Themen in einen Di-alog mit Politik und Öffentlichkeit zu treten.Information: GDMB Gesellschaft für Bergbau, Metallurgie, Rohstoff- und Umwelttechnik e.V, Postfach 10 54, 38668 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, [email protected], Fax. 05323 / 937 937, www.gs-metallurgie.gdmb.de

25. Aachener Stahl Kolloquium Umformtechnik 11. bis 12. März 2010 AachenDie Umformung von Stählen und NE-Metallen ist fester Bestandteil der meisten produktionstechnischen Pro-

zessketten. So ergeben sich für eine moderne Umformtechnik weitreichen-de Chancen, mit neuen Verfahren und Produkten, zum Beispiel im Hinblick auf eine ressourcenschonende Energie-versorgung, auf nachhaltige Mobilität und kosteneffiziente Produktionstech-nik, neue Märkte zu erschließen. Mit diesen und anderen Themen richtet sich die Tagung an Entscheidungsträ-ger aus der Umformtechnik sowie im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, in der Energietechnik und der Verkehrstech-nik. Information: Institut für Bildsame Formgebung Tel.: +49-(0)241 - 80 95922 Fax.: +49-(0)241 - 80 92234 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.ibf.rwth-aachen.de

Hedgingstrategien für die Metallbranche 16. bis 17. März Frankfurt/M.Information: Dow Jones News GmbH, Baseler Arkaden, Wilhelm-Leuschner-Str. 78, D-60329 Frankfurt/Main, Tel: +49 (0)69 29725 165 , www.djnewsletters.de

GrindTec 2010 17 bis 20. März 2010 AugsburgDie Spezialmesse informiert rund um die Werkzeugschleiftechnik.Information: AFAG Messen und Ausstellungen GmbH Messezent-rum 86159 Augsburg, www.grindtec.de

Energy Masters 2010 16. bis 18. März 2010 BerlinInformation: econique business mas-ters, www.energymasters.de

27. Münchner Werkstoffseminar 18. bis 19. März 2010 MünchenInformation: Industrieberatung für Wärmebehandlungstechnik IBW , Tel.- 02821-7153948,www.ibw-irretier.de

Inhouse-Seminare „METALL verständlich“

Weitere Veranstaltungen und ausführliche Informationen unter

www.metall-web.de/veranstaltungen

Ihre Veranstaltung wurde nicht mit aufgelistet? Kein Problem! Melden Sie sie selbstständig an unter

www.metall-web.de

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Geckeler, K. E.; Nishide, H. (eds.), Wiley-VCH, . 2009, 906 p., 299,00 Euro (until 31. March 2010, 349,00 Euro), ISBN: 978-3-527-31794-3

Solidification

This new book bases on the previous 18 Solidification courses organised by Cal-com-ESI in Les Diablerets with more than 600 partici-pants. The first part of the

book, Fundamentals and Macroscale Phenomena, presents the thermodynam-ics of solutions, describes equilibrium phase diagrams and transport phenomena. The second part, Micro-structure, discusses the treat-ment of nucleation, dendritic growth, microsegregation, eutectic and peritectic so-lidification, and microstruc-ture competition. The third part describes defects that may occur, with emphasis on, porosity, hot tearing and macrosegregation, presented using the modeling tools and microstructure descriptions developed earlier.

Rappaz, M., Dantzig, J.EPFL Press, CRC Press, 2009, 560 p., 65 Euro, ISBN: 978-0-8493-8238-3

The Right Graph

For technical writers with-out extensive document design experience, this new book provides basic guide-lines and time-saving tips to improve the quality of graphics in technical docu-ments. Though not a com-plete design course, this book offers practical exam-ples, ideas, rules, a collection of case studies, and end-of-chapter problem sets for technical writers who want to learn good graphical techniques and avoid poor design. Technical authors in academia and industry

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Kirkham, H. , Dumas, R. C., John Wiley & Sons, 2009, 2009, 380 p., 57,90 Euro, ISBN-13: 978-0-470-40547-5

Chemical Biology

This first book to adopt a problem-based approach teaches the true basics of the subject through illustrated everyday case studies. Each chapter introduces a differ-ent biological problem taken from everyday lab work, such that students learn how to think in order to solve prob-lems in biology by using tech-niques and tools taken from chemistry.

Waldmann, H., Janning, P. (eds.), Wiley-VCH, 2009, 271 p.,39,90 Euro, ISBN-13: 978-3-527-32330-2

Experiments in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

Encouraging a new attitude and approach to chemistry, experts from around the globe present over 40 real-life teaching experiments, divided into the five main principles of catalysis, sol-vents, high yield and one-pot synthesis, limiting waste and exposure, plus special topics. Some interesting examples are copper-catalyzed aryla-tion of thiols in water, effi-cient synthesis of aluminium complexes and dicopper(I) oxalate complexes as mo-lecular precursors for copper deposition.

Roesky, H. W., Kennepohl, D.(eds.), Wiley-VCH, 2009, 32,90 Euro, 283 p., ISBN: 978-3-527-32546-7

Two-dimensional X-ray Diffraction

Written by one of the pioneers of 2D X-Ray Diffraction, this very useful guide covers the fundamentals, experimental methods and applications of two-dimensional x-ray dif-fraction, including geometry convention, x-ray source and optics, two-dimensional detectors, diffraction data interpretation, and configu-rations for various applica-tions. Examples are phase identification, texture, stress, microstructure analysis, crystallinity, thin film analy-sis and combinatorial screen-ing. Experimental examples in materials research are also given.

He, B. B., John Wiley & Sons 2009, 426 p. 94,90 Euro, ISBN-13: 978-0-470-22722-0

Energy Demand and Climate Change

This scientifically sound, yet easily readable book provides the fundamentals necessary to understand today‘s energy and climate problems and provides possible answers based on current technology. Moreover, the interesting book introduces new con-cepts that are already or may soon be realized.

Cocks, F. H., Wiley-VCH 2009, 251 p., 24,90 Euro, ISBN: 978-3-527-32446-0


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Cylinder components

Due to the ever increasing requirements to be met by gasoline and diesel engines

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Mahle GmbH (ed.), Vieweg+Teubner, 2010, 130 p., 29,95 Euro, ISBN 978-3-8348-0785-4

Metallurgical Chemis-try: An Audio Course for Students

This audio course provides a comprehensive overview about all fields of metallurgy. It will serve as a review for mining, metallurgical and chemical engineers, as well as geologists. The course starts with a brief history of the development of metal extraction technology. than discussing the metals and mineral industry. Topics are benification of ores, hydro-metallurgy, pyrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. A special chapter deals with the theory of metallurgical reactions. Beside this the reader will find valuable in-formation about pollution abatement.

Habashi, F., Metallurgie Ex-tractive Quebec, 2008, 262 p. + CD-ROM, 89,30 $, Or-ders http://www.zone.coop/jahia/Jahia/accueil/advanced?view=executeSearch&keywords=habashi&categoryType =

Postage Stamps: Metallurgy, Art, History

Postage Stamps are impor-tant means of communica-tion and many countries have recorded important events, honored worthy individu-als and described interesting facts trough this medium. Metallurgy was also an im-portant topic how this very interesting bock shows. It is a compilation of several articles published by the author in different technical journals.

Habashi, F., Metallurgie Ex-tractive Quebec, 2008, 116 p., 28,20 $, Orders http:// www.zone.coop/jahia/Ja-hia/accueil/advanced?view=executeSearch&keywords=habashi&categoryType =

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Die neuen Kalender „Fach-kräfte für Arbeitssicherheit 2010“ und das „Taschen-buch für Sicherheitsbeauf-tragte 2010“ sind vor dem Hintergrund GHS – Global Harmonisiertes System - ak-tualisiert worden und bieten somit praxisnah aktuelle Informationen für den rich-tigen Umgang mit Gefahr-stoffen.

Universum Verlag, 2010, Sicherheitsbeauftragte 2010: 224 S. (red. Teil), 8,00 Euro, Arbeitssicherheit 2010: 256 S. (red. teil), 9,75 Euro

P A T E N T E


Patentblatt M November-09

Kupfer-Zink-Legierung, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung. Wieland-Werke AG, 89079 Ulm, DE. (C22C 9/04, OS 10 2007 029 991 und OS 10 2007 063 704, AT: 28.06.2007)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Erzeugnissen oder Halb-zeugen aus Kupfer und Ger-manium enthaltender Sil-berlegierung. Argentium In-ternational Ltd., Haselmere, Surrey, GB. (C22F 1/14, PS 60 2005 010 072, EP 1751322, EP-AT: 27.05.2005)

Modifikation der Kupfer-/Eisenselektivität bei Oxim-basierten Kupferlösungs-mittelextraktionssystemen. Cytec Technology Corp., Wilmington, Del., US. (C22B 15/00, EP 1 863 944, EP-AT: 23.03.2006)

Kupfer Spray. TECHNO-SERVICE GmbH, 33605 Bielefeld, DE. (C09D 5/24, GM 20 2006 004 658, AT: 23.03.2006)

Kupferlegierung. The Furu-kawa Electric Co., Ltd., To-kio/Tokyo, JP. (C22C 9/06, PS 11 2005 000 312, AT: 25.02.2005)

Zusammensetzung und Ver-fahren zur Behandlung der Oberflächen von Kupferlegie-rungen, um die Haftfähigkeit zwischen der Metalloberflä-che und dem gebundenen po-lymerischen Material zu ver-bessern. Atotech Deutsch-land GmbH, 10553 Berlin, DE. (C23F 1/18, EP 1 820 884, EP-AT: 17.02.2006)

Messing Spray. TECHNO-SERVICE GmbH, 33605 Bielefeld, DE. (C09D 5/38, GM 20 2006 004 657, AT: 23.03.2006)

Neuartige Elektrodenmateria-lien und Elektroden für elekt-rochemische Energiespeicher-einrichtungen auf Li-Basis. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaf-ten e.V., 80539 München,

TECH Deutschland GmbH, 10553 Berlin, DE. (C23C 18/44, EPA 2103712, EP-AT: 20.03.2008)

Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Nickel und Kobalt aus Lateriterzen unter Verwen-dung von Ionenaustauscher-harz. Companhia Vale Do Rio Doce, CEP-33030-970 Minas Gerais, BR. (C22B 3/00, EPA 2102377, EP-AT: 12.11.2007)

Kaltbearbeitete Nickel-Ti-tan-Vorrichtungen. Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc., Santa Clara, Calif., US. (A61L 31/02, PS 602 29 849, EP 1406681, EP-AT: 04.06.2002)

Nickel-Elektrode für Nickel Sekundärbatterie und Nickel Sekundärbatterie. Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Moriguchi, Osaka, JP. (H01M 4/32, EP 1 251 574, EP-AT: 12.04.2002)

Verfahren zur Wertstoffrück-gewinnung aus Nickel-Me-tallhydridzellen. K-UTEC AG Salt Technologies, 99706 Sondershausen, DE; VARTA Automotive Systems GmbH, 30419 Hannover, DE. (C22B 7/00, PS 197 27 880, AT: 30.06.1997)

Legierung auf Nickelbasis und Verwendung, Turbi-nenblatt oder -schaufel und Gasturbine. SIEMENS AK-TIENGESELLSCHAFT, 80333 München, DE. (C22C 19/05, EPA 2103700, EP-AT: 14.03.2008)

Eisen-Nickel-Legierung. ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH, 58791 Werdohl, DE. (C22C 38/08, OS 10 2008 022 854 und OS 10 2008 022 855, AT: 08.05.2008)

Verfahren zur Reduktion von Wasserstoffabsorption bei Zirkoniumlegierungen eines Kernbrennstabbün-dels. General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y., US. (G21C 3/07, EP 1 703 523, EP-AT: 08.03.2006)

DE. (H01M 4/62, OS 102 42 694, AT: 13.09.2002)

Lithium-Sekundär-Batterie und Verfahren zur Herstel-lung einer Lithium-Sekun-där-Batterie. Dilo Trading AG, Zug, CH. (H01M 4/40, PS 10 2004 044 478, AT: 15.09.2004)

Lithium Zelle. The Gillet-te Co., Boston, Mass., US. (H01M 6/10, PS 601 36 532, EP 1266417, EP-AT: 09.03.2001

Legierung auf Bleibasis für eine Bleispeicherbatterie, Platte für eine Bleispeicher-batterie und Bleispeicherbat-terie. The Furukawa Battery Co. Ltd., Yokohama, JP; Toho Zinc Co., Ltd, Tokyo, JP. (H01M 4/68, PS 603 24 407, EP 1496556, EP-AT: 15.04.2003)

Poröses Titan mit geringem Kontaktwiderstand. Mit-subishi Materials Corpo-ration, Chiyoda-kuTokyo 100-8117, JP. (C23C 24/08, EPA 2103714, EP-AT: 13.12.2007)

Herstellung von Titan- und Titanlegierungsprodukten. Metalysis Ltd., Wath-Upon-Dearne, Rotherham, GB. (C25C 3/28, EP 1 425 439, EP-AT: 16.08.2002)

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzen von Titanme-tall. Nippon Light Metal Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo, JP; Ono, Katsutoshi, Tokio/Tokyo, JP; Suzuki, Ryosuke, Kyoto, Kyoto, JP. (C25C 3/28, EP 1 445 350, EP-AT: 11.10.2002)

Ni-Cr-Mo-Legierungen be-ständig gegen Nassverfahren-phosphorsäureherstellung und lokalisierte Chloridkor-rosion. Haynes Internati-onal, Inc., Kokomo, Ind., US. (C22C 19/05, PS 603 24 362, EP 1369497, EP-AT: 13.05.2003)

Ni-P-Schichtsystem und Zu-bereitungsverfahren. ATO-

Stark korrosionsbeständiges Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Legierungs-stahlmaterial und Verfah-ren zu dessen Herstellung. Nippon Steel Corporation, Tokyo 100-8071, JP; NIP-PON STEEL & Sumikin Coated Sheet Corporation, Chuo-kuTokyo, JP. (C23C 2/12, EPA 2108712, EP-AT: 09.08.2000)

Zink-Luft-Batterie mit Säure-elektrolyt. Applied Intellec-tual Capital Ltd., St. Helier, Jersey, GB. (H01M 4/00, EP 1 516 376, EP-AT: 25.06.2002)

Zink-Spray. TECHNO-SERVICE GmbH, 33605 Bielefeld, DE. (C09D 1/00, GM 20 2006 004 312, AT: 18.03.2006)

Glanz Zink Spray. TECHNO-SERVICE GmbH, 33605 Bielefeld, DE. (C09D 5/38, GM 20 2006 004 660, AT: 23.03.2006)

Zink/Luft-Zelle. The Gillet-te Co., Boston, Mass., US. (H01M 2/02, PS 60 2004 017 591, EP 1611623, EP-AT: 31.03.2004)

Pyrophosphat-basiertes Bad zur Abscheidung von Zinn-Legierungsschichten. ATO-TECH Deutschland GmbH, 10553 Berlin, DE. (C25D 3/60, EPA 2103717, EP-AT: 29.02.2008)

Optisches Datenspeicherme-dium mit einer halbreflektie-renden Schicht auf der Basis einer Legierung aus Zinn und Tellur. Commissariat à l‘Energie Atomique, Pa-ris, FR; MPO International, Averton, FR. (G11B 7/00, PS 60 2006 003 193, EP 1854097, EP-AT: 24.02.2006

Sputter-Target aus einer Le-gierung auf Ag-Bi-Basis und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben. Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho, Kobe, Hyo-go, JP; Kobelco Research In-stitute, Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, JP. (C23C 14/06, PS 10 2004 024 114, AT: 14.05.2004)



WIE KOMMEN IHRE PRODUKTE UND DIENSTLEISTUNGEN

JEDEN MONAT INS BEZUGSQUELLENVERZEICHNIS,

INS INTERNET – WWW.METALL-WEB.DE – UND IN DAS

JAHRESBEZUGSQUELLENVERZEICHNIS DER METALL?

HAUPTGRUPPE ANKREUZEN1

1. Metall-Hüttenprodukte sowie Erzeugnisse der Halbzeugwerke und Gießereien

2. Hilfsstoffe 3. Metall-Recycling 4. Metallgießereien für Eigen- und Kundenguss 5. Metallhandel 6. Probenehmer, analytische Laboratorien,

Sachverständige 7. Metallprüfung 8. Planung, Beratung, Projektabwicklung 9. Metallberatung 10. Planung, Beratung, Einrichtung von

Gießereianlagen

11. Metall-Forschung und -Entwicklung 12. Betriebstechnische Einrichtungen für die

Metallindustrie 13. Anlagen und Zubehör für die Metallverarbeitung 14. Metallendbearbeitung im Kundenauftrag 15. Hydraulik 16. Oberfl ächentechnik 17. Metalle im Bauwesen 18. Arbeits- und Umweltschutz 19. Mess- und Analysengeräte 20. Steuer- und Regelungstechnik 21. Wägetechnik 22. Allgemeines

UNTERGRUPPE, STICHWORT ANGEBEN (GGF. STICHWORTVERZEICHNIS ANFORDERN)2

TRAGEN SIE IHREN TEXT EIN. DENKEN SIE BITTE AUCH AN DIE ONLINE-ANSCHRIFT:3

... UND AB INS FAX: + 4 9 - 5 1 1 / 7 3 0 4 - 1 5 7 ODER IN DIE POST:4

1. Zeile:

2. Zeile:

3. Zeile:

4. Zeile:

5. Zeile:

6. Zeile:

(Je Zeile max. 35 Buchstaben inkl. Zwischenräume. Preis jeder Druckzeile pro Ausgabe EUR 5,00 + MwSt.Mindestbelegung 10 Ausgaben = 1 Jahr. Logos werden nach Zeilen abgerechnet, 1 Zeile = 2 mm).

Ort, Datum Firmenstempel/Unterschrift

Giesel Verlag GmbH, METALL, Rehkamp 3, D-30916 Isernhagen. Rückfragen: Telefon + 4 9 - 5 1 1 / 7 3 0 4 - 1 4 2

Z U L I E F E R M A R K T F Ü R D I E M E T A L L I N D U S T R I E

56

B E Z U G S Q U E L L E N

1–2/2010 | 64. Jahrgang | METALL

DRAHTWERK ELISENTAL

W. Erdmann GmbH & Co.

Postfach 1260, D-58804 NeuenradeWerdohler Straße 40, D-58809 NeuenradeTel. 0 23 92/697-0, Fax 0 23 92/6 20 44E-Mail: [email protected]: www.elisental.de

BRONZEN

DRAHTWERK ELISENTAL



Aluguss Beulker GmbH & Co.KG

Schuckertstr. 6, D-48712 GescherTel. 0 25 42/10 01, Fax: 0 25 42/72 72Internet: www.aluguss-beulker.de

LEICHTMETALLGIESSEREI

SCHWEISSDRÄHTE

SCHWEISSSTÄBE

HALBZEUG

Wieland-Werke AG Graf-Arco-Straße 36 89079 Ulm Tel.: 0731/944-0, Fax: -2772 Internet: www.wieland.de

KME Germany AGKlosterstraße 2949074 OsnabrückTelefon: 05 41/321-0, Fax: -13 66Internet: www.kme.com

Siegfried Jacob Metallwerke

GmbH & Co. KG

siehe unter: Metall-Recycling

KM Europa Metal AGsiehe unter: Kupfer

DRAHTWERK ELISENTAL



siehe unter: Messing und Sondermessing

MKM Mansfelder Kupferund Messing GmbHsiehe unter: Kupfer/Halbzeug

DRÄHTE

KUPFER

Siegfried Jacob MetallwerkeGmbH & Co. KGsiehe unter: Metall-Recycling

Sundwiger Messingwerk GmbH & Co. KGHönnetalstr. 110 · 58675 Hemer · GermanyTel.: +49 2372 661-0Fax: +49 2372 661-259E-Mail: [email protected]: www.sundwigermessingwerk.de

EDELMETALLE

KS Gleitlager GmbH

Friesenstraße 226871 PapenburgTel. 04961/986-0, Fax 04961/986-166E-Mail: [email protected]: www.kspg.com

EDELMETALL-RÜCKGEWINNUNGAMI DODUCO GmbHIm Altgefäll 12, D-75181 PforzheimTel: 07231/602-482, Fax: 07231/602554E-Mail: [email protected]: www.amidoduco.com/recycling

METALL-HÜTTENPRODUKTE

SOWIE ERZEUGNISSE DER

HALBZEUGWERKE UND

GIESSEREIEN

1

ALUMINIUM

Aurubis Stolberg

GmbH & Co. KG

Zweifaller Strasse 150D-52224 Stolberg

Tel.: +49 (0) 2402/12 41-0 Fax: +49 (0) 2402/12 41-29 27E-Mail: [email protected]

Alcan Aluminium Valais SA

CH-3960 SierreTelefon: 0041 27 / 4575111Telefax: 0041 27 / 4576425

WALZBARREN

Aurubis AG

Hovestraße 5020539 HamburgTelefon: 040/78 83-0Telefax: 040/78 83-22 55E-Mail: [email protected]: www.aurubis.com

Aurubis Stolberg

GmbH & Co. KG



Aurubis AG


Werkstraße 1, A-6230 BrixleggTel.: +43/53 37/61 51Fax: +43/53 37/61 51-102www.montanwerke-brixlegg.com

Hier könnte IHR BEZUGSQUELLENEINTRAG

stehen.

Weitere Informationen unter TEL. 0511 7304-149

www.metall-web.de

57METALL | 64. Jahrgang | 1–2/2010



LUVATA SALES OY

Niederlassung DeutschlandStresemannallee 4 CD-41460 NeussTel.: +49 (0) 2131 / 523 28 58Fax: +49 (0) 2131 / 523 28 69E-Mail: [email protected]: www.luvata.com

KME Germany AG

siehe unter: Kupfer

KME Germany AG

siehe unter: Kupfer


Magontec GmbH

Industriestr. 61, D-46240 BottropTel. 02041/99 07-0, Fax 02041/99 07 99

MESSING BLEIHALTIG

KME Germany AG

siehe unter: Kupfer



Winnen-Metall GmbH & Co. KG

ehem. Alex Jost

58640 Iserlohn-SümmernTel. 02371/4914, Fax 02371/42509

ROHRE

KUPFER UNDKUPFERLEGIERUNGEN

RECYCLING

AUTOMATENSTANGEN

PROFILE

MKM Mansfelder Kupfer

und Messing GmbH

Lichtlöcherberg 40D-06333 HettstedtTel: +49 (0) 34 76 / 89-0Fax: +49 (0) 34 76 / 81 24 76Internet: www.mkm-hett.de


FOLIEN

Gould Electronics GmbH79356 EichstettenTel. 07663/62-0, Fax -107www.gould.com, [email protected] 9μm – 400 μm

Magontec GmbH

Industriestr. 61, D-46240 BottropTel. 02041/99 07-0, Fax 02041/99 07 99

ANODEN

KME Germany AG

siehe unter: Kupfer

BLECHE


HALBZEUG

DRAHTWERK ELISENTAL



DRÄHTE

MAGNESIUM

MESSING UND SONDERMESSING


KME Germany AGsiehe unter: Kupfer

BÄNDERGould Electronics GmbHsiehe unter: Kupfer/Folien

KUPFERLEGIERUNGEN

Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG

Postfach/PO Box: 1453D-35664 DillenburgTel./Phone: +49 (0) 2771 / 934-0Fax: +49 (0) 2771 / 23030 Internet: www.isabellenhuette.de

Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. KG

Diehl Metall Messing

Heinrich-Diehl-Straße 990552 RöthenbachTel.: 0911/5704-0Fax: 0911/5704-245E-Mail: [email protected]: www.diehlmetall-messing.de



Heinrich-Diehl-Straße 990552 RöthenbachTel.: 0911/5704-0Fax: 0911/5704-245E-Mail: [email protected]: www.diehlmetall-messing.de

siehe unter: Nickel

Berkenhoff GmbH – bedraBerkenhoffstr. 14, D-35452 HeuchelheimTel.: +49 (0) 641 / 601-0Fax: +49 (0) 641 / 601-212Internet: www.bedra.com

Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG

Metallwerke

Kupfer, Kupfergusslegierungen und Bronzen

Harkortstr. 5, 57462 Olpe-BiggeseeTel.: 02761 8910, Fax: 02761 [email protected], www.kemper-olpe.de

58



ZINK

ThyssenKrupp VDM

Postfach 1820, D-58778 WerdohlPlettenberger Str. 2, D-58791 WerdohlTel.: 02392/55-0Fax: 02392/55-2217E-Mail: [email protected]: www.thyssenkruppvdm.de


HALBZEUG AUSNICKELLEGIERUNGEN

NICKEL

BÖHLER EDELSTAHL GMBHMariazeller Straße 25Postfach 96A-8605 KapfenbergTelefon 00 43 38 62/20-7181Telefax 00 43 38 62/20-75 76E-Mail: [email protected]: www.buag.co.at/begKontakt: Hr. Ing. Pototschnig, Abt.EM

SONDERMETALLE

STAHL: WERKZEUGSTÄHLE

Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG

Postfach/PO Box: 1453D-35664 DillenburgTel./Phone: +49 (0) 2771 / 934-0Fax: +49 (0) 2771 / 23030 Internet: www.isabellenhuette.de

Jessenigstrasse 4A-9220 Velden / AustriaTel.: +43 (0) 4274 4100 123Fax: +43 (0) 4274 4100 223E-Mail: [email protected]: www.imr-metalle.com

ANODEN

NEUSILBER

Winnen-Metall GmbH & Co. KG

ehem. Alex Jost


BLÖCKE

HALBZEUG

Sundwiger Messingwerk GmbH & Co. KG

Hönnetalstr. 110 · 58675 Hemer · GermanyTel.: +49 2372 661-0Fax: +49 2372 661-259E-Mail: [email protected]: www.sundwigermessingwerk.de

Swissmetal Industries Ltd

Swissmetal Dornach

Weidenstrasse 50CH-4143 DornachTel. +41 61 705 33 33Fax +41 61 705 34 51

Swissmetal Boillat

Grand-Rue 6CH-2743 ReconvilierTel. +41 32 484 04 82Fax +41 32 482 01 16E-Mail: [email protected]: www.swissmetal.com


MKM Mansfelder Kupfer

und Messing GmbH

siehe unter: Kupfer/Halbzeug



PROFILE

STANGEN

KME Germany AG

siehe unter: Kupfer

HALBZEUG




HOHLSTANGEN










Montanmetall GmbHBruchstr. 28, D-49324 MelleTel.: 05422/9501-0, Fax: 05422/9501-19E-Mail: [email protected]: www.montanmetall.de

BLOCKMESSINGWinnen-Metall GmbH & Co. KG

ehem. Alex Jost



DRÄHTE


siehe unter: Nickel

Aurubis Stolberg

GmbH & Co. KG





Westfalen AG

Industrieweg 43, D-48155 MünsterFon 0251/695-0, Fax 0251/695-129E-Mail: [email protected]: www.westfalen-ag.deAcetylen, Argon, Kohlendioxid,Sauerstoff, Stickstoff, Wasserstoff, Schutzgase, Lasergase, Formiergase

Deutsches Kupfer-InstitutBonneshof 540474 DüsseldorfTel. 0211/4 79 63 00Fax: 0211/4 79 6310E-Mail: [email protected]: www.kupferinstitut.de

TECHNISCHE GASE

BANDANLAGEN

Vötsch Industrietechnik GmbHUmweltsimulation � WärmetechnikGreizer Straße 41-49D-35447 Reiskirchen-LindenstruthTelefon (06408) 84-73 � Fax 84-8747E-Mail: [email protected]: www.v-it.comFUDICKAR METALL Geschäftsbereich

der Metall Service Partner GmbHLeichtmetallstr. 8-14, 42781 HaanTel. 02104/988-0, Fax 02104/988-210Niederlassung Hagen-HohenlimburgNiederlassung Markranstädt bei LeipzigInternet: www.fudickar.com

HALBFABRIKATE-HANDEL

ERNST REINHARDT GMBH

Postfach 1880, D-78008 VS-VillingenTel. 07721/8441-0, Fax 8441-44E-Mail: [email protected]: www.Ernst-Reinhardt.com

Siegfried Jacob Metallwerke GmbH & Co. KG Jacobstraße 41-45

58256 Ennepetal

Tel.: 02333/985-0, Fax: -1187

E-Mail: [email protected]

Müller & Sohn Nachf.

MetallaufbereitungswerkHarkortstr. 22, D-45549 SprockhövelTel.: 02339/605-5Fax: 02339/605-888 88E-Mail: [email protected]: www.AluminiumOnline.de

Winnen-Metall GmbH & Co. KGehem. Alex Jost58640 Iserlohn-SümmernTel. 0 23 71/4914, Fax 0 23 71/4 25 09

AUSLAGERUNGSÖFEN

SMS Meer GmbHOhlerkirchweg 6641069 Mönchengladbach, GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 2161 350-0Fax: +49 (0) 2161 350-1667E-Mail: [email protected]: www.sms-meer.com

BANDSÄGEN FÜRALUMINIUMBARREN

SMS Siemag Aktiengesellschaftsiehe unter: Walzwerkeinrichtungen, komplett

IMR metal powder technologies GmbHsiehe unter: Zink-Anoden

DRUCKGUSSLEGIERUNGEN


ELEKTROLYTFEINZINK


SCHEIBEN


GRANALIEN

ZINN


PELLETS


PULVER


NE-METALLE

METALL-RECYCLING3

BETRIEBSTECHNISCHE

EINRICHTUNGEN FÜR DIE

METALLINDUSTRIE

12

HILFSSTOFFE2

METALLBERATUNGEN9

METALLHANDEL5

Aurubis AG



Chr. Otto Pape GmbHMetalleBerliner Allee 34 D-30855 Langenhagen

Tel:+49(0)511 786 32-0 Fax: -32Internet: www.papemetals.comE-Mail: [email protected]

Übrigens

IHRE BEZUGSQUELLE

steht auch

automatisch

kostenlos

online unter

WWW.METALL-WEB.DE

60



EBNER Industrieofenbau Ges.m.b.H.Ruflinger Str. 111, A-4060 LeondingTel. +43 / 732 / 68 68Fax +43 / 732 / 68 68-1000Internet: www.ebner.ccE-Mail: [email protected]

INDUSTRIEÖFEN

KALTWALZWERKE

INDUSTRIEBRENNER

PADELTTHERM® GmbHGewerbeviertel 1; D-04420 MarkranstädtTel.: 03 42 05/775-0 Fax: 775-27Internet: www.padelttherm.de

LOI THERMPROCESS GMBH

Am Lichtbogen 29D-45141 EssenTelefon: (0201) 18 91-1Telefax: (0201) 18 91-3 21E-Mail: [email protected]: www.loi.de


HERDÖFEN

HÜTTEN- UND WALZWERK-TECHNIK



Gebr. Löcher Glüherei GmbH Mühlenseifen 2, D-57271 HilchenbachTel. +49 (0) 2733 / 89 68-0Fax +49 (0) 2733 / 89 68-10www.loecher-glueherei.de [email protected]

GLÜHEREI/WÄRMEBEHANDLUNG

ELEKTRIK UND AUTOMATION



ELEKTROÖFEN

SMS Siemag AktiengesellschaftEduard-Schloemann-Straße 440237 Düsseldorf, GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 211 881-6372Fax: +49 (0) 211 881-6980E-Mail: [email protected] und Elektroreduktionsöfen zur Herstellung von Fe-Legierungen, Si-, NE-Metallen und zur Entsorgung von Hütten-reststoffen

SMS Meer GmbHsiehe unter: Betriebstechnische Einrichtungen für die Metallindustrie

BLECH- UND PLATTEN-FRÄSMASCHINEN

HIER KÖNNTE IHR

BEZUGS-QUELLEN-EINTRAGSTEHEN.

RUFEN SIE AN:TEL. 0511 / 73 04-148BEATE SCHAEFER

BARRENFRÄSMASCHINENFÜR ALUMINIUMBARREN



stehen.

Weitere Informationenunter

TEL. 0511 7304-148



KAMMERÖFEN

KUPFERANLAGEN

MORGOIL-WALZENZAPFENLAGER

SERVICE/ERSATZTEILE

STRANGGIESSTECHNIK

STAHLWERKE

siehe unter: Auslagerungsöfen

LÖSUNGSGLÜHÖFEN/-ANLAGEN

Vötsch Industrietechnik GmbHUmweltsimulation � WärmetechnikGreizer Straße 41-49D-35447 Reiskirchen-LindenstruthTelefon (06408) 84-73 � Fax 84-8747E-Mail: [email protected]: www.v-it.com

SCHACHTÖFEN

PULVERPRESSEN

Alfred WERTLI AG

Poststrasse 15CH-8406 WinterthurTel. +41/52-203 67 34Fax +41/52-203 55 80E-Mail: [email protected]: www.wertli.ch

STRANGGUSSANLAGEN












Übrigens

IHRE

BEZUGSQUELLE

steht auch

automatisch

kostenlos

online unter

WWW.METALL-

WEB.DE

www.metall-web.de

62



SCHWEISSEN

HBS Bolzenschweiss-Systeme GmbH & Co. KGFelix-Wankel-Straße 1885221 Dachau / DeutschlandTelefon +49 (0) 8131 511-0 Telefax +49 (0) 8131 511-100E-Mail: [email protected]: www.hbs-info.de

BOLZENSCHWEISSGERÄTEUND BOLZEN

WARMFLACHWALZWERKE

WARMHALTEÖFEN


LOI THERMPROCESS GMBHAm Lichtbogen 29D-45141 EssenTelefon: (0201) 18 91-1Telefax: (0201) 18 91-3 21E-Mail: [email protected]: www.loi.de

Fontargen GmbHSiemensstraße 4D-67304 EisenbergTel. : 06351/401-0, Fax: 06351/401-149Internet: www.fontargen.de


siehe unter: Auslagerungsöfen

Vötsch Industrietechnik GmbHUmweltsimulation � WärmetechnikGreizer Straße 41-49D-35447 Reiskirchen-LindenstruthTelefon (06408) 84-73 � Fax 84-8747E-Mail: [email protected]: www.v-it.com

WALZWERKEINRICHTUNGEN,KOMPLETT

ACHENBACH BUSCHHÜTTEN GMBH

Postfach 1120, D-57202 KreuztalTel. 02732/799-0, Fax 02732/799-599E-Mail: [email protected]: http://www.achenbach.de

WSP GmbHAn der Glashütte 10D-52074 AachenTel.: 0241/879703-0Fax: 0241/879703-60E-Mail: [email protected]: www.wsp-aachen.deAnlagenbau für die Thermoprozess-technik, Heißgasventilatoren

SMS Siemag AktiengesellschaftEduard-Schloemann-Straße 440237 Düsseldorf, GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 211 881-0Fax: +49 (0) 211 881-4902Internet: www.sms-siemag.comE-Mail: [email protected]äftsbereiche:Warmflach- und KaltwalzwerkeWiesenstraße 3057271 Hilchenbach, GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 2733 29-0Fax: +49 (0) 2733 29-2852BandanlagenWalder Straße 51-5340724 Hilden, GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 211 881-5100Fax: +49 (0) 211 881-5200Elektrik + AutomationIvo-Beucker-Straße 4340237 Düsseldorf, GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 211 881-5895Fax: +49 (0) 211 881-775895

VERGÜTUNGSÖFEN



EBNER Industrieofenbau Ges.m.b.H.siehe unter Industrieöfen

WÄRMEBEHANDLUNGSÖFEN

LOI THERMPROCESS GMBHAm Lichtbogen 29D-45141 EssenTelefon: (0201) 18 91-1Telefax: (0201) 18 91-3 21E-Mail: [email protected]: www.loi.de

ANLAGEN UND ZUBEHÖR

FÜR DIE METALL-

ENDVERARBEITUNG

13

KONT. DREHEXTRUDER

Holton Crest Ltd

10 Cowley Road, Nuffield Industrial Estate,POOLE, Dorset, BH17 OUJ, UKPhone: +44 (0)1202 681501Fax: +44 (0)1202 681502E-Mail: [email protected]: www.holtoncrest.com

holton crestholton crest

www.metall-web.de



ROHRWALZANLAGEN

CONTURA GmbH

Nikolaus-Otto-Str. 340721 Hilden/Rhld.Telefon 0 21 03/59 82Telefax 0 21 03/5 22 08

LASERSCHNITT-FORMTEILE

Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH

Industriestraße, 35708 HaigerPostfach 11 61, 35701 HaigerTel. 02773/850, Fax 02773/85275E-Mail: [email protected]: www.cloos.de

BRENNGASE, SAUERSTOFF

MAG/MIG-WIG-SCHWEISSROBOTER

ROHRSCHWEISSANLAGEN

SCHUTZGASE

SPANLOSE VERFORMUNG

SAUERSTOFFBRENNER

DRAHTWALZWERKEWestfalen AG

Industrieweg 43, D-48155 MünsterFon 0251/695-0, Fax 0251/695-129E-Mail: [email protected]: www.westfalen-ag.de

Westfalen AG


Westfalen AG


FEINSTAHLWALZWERKE

HYDRAULISCHE PRESSEN

PROFILWALZWERKE








ROHRADJUSTAGEANLAGEN


CHEMISCHEOBERFLÄCHENBEHANDLUNG

Henkel AG & Co. KGaA

D-40191 DüsseldorfTel. +49 (0) 211 / 797-30 00Fax +49 (0) 211 / 798-23 23Internet: www.henkel-technologies.com

Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH

Industriestraße, 35708 HaigerPostfach 11 61, 35701 HaigerTel. 02773/850, Fax 02773/85275E-Mail: [email protected]: www.cloos.de

SCHUTZGASSCHWEISSGERÄTE(WIG U. MIG/MAG)

OBERFLÄCHENTECHNIK16

METALLENDBEARBEITUNG

IM KUNDENAUFTRAG14


stehen.

Weitere Informationen unter

TEL. 0511 7304-148

64



METALLREINIGERSigg-Strahltechnik

Randenweg 21D-79798 JestettenTelefon: (07745) 92 03-0Telefax: (07745) 8386

SANDSTRAHLKABINEN

AGTOS Gesellschaft für technische

Oberflächensysteme mbH

Gutenbergstr. 14, D-48268 EmsdettenTel.: (02572) 96026-0, Fax: 96026-111E-Mail: [email protected], www.agtos.de

ERSTA u. MATADOR

Starcke GmbH & Co.Postfach 1260, 49304 MelleTelefon 05422/966-0Telefax 05422/966-301

SCHLEIFPAPIER UND -GEWEBE

STRAHLANLAGEN UND ZUBEHÖR

METALLREINIGUNGS-VERFAHREN UND -MITTEL

ALKALISCHEREINIGUNGSMITTEL

Silberwarenfabrik Jäger GmbH

Silber / Gold / Gestell / Trommel

Gerberstr. 43–49, 41748 ViersenTel. 0 2162/161 06, Fax 0 2162/120 46

GALVANISCHE BESCHICHTUNG AUS EDELMETALLEN

MECHANISCHE OBERFLÄCHENBEHANDLUNG, MITTEL UND ZUBEHÖR

KÜHLSCHMIERSTOFFE

METALLENTFETTUNGSMITTELHenkel AG & Co. KGaAsiehe 16. OberflächentechnikChemische Oberflächenbehandlung

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Henkel AG & Co. KGaAsiehe 16. OberflächentechnikChemische Oberflächenbehandlung



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INTERNATIONALE FACHZEITSCHRIFT

FÜR METALLURGIE

INSERENTENVERZEICHNIS

Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Gebr. Löcher Glüherei GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Inotherm Industrieofen- und Wärmetechnik GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 43

Messe Düsseldorf GmbH ......................................................................... 9, 11

Rautomead Int. Ltd, Großbritannien .................................................................. 17

SMS Siemag AG .............................................................................................68

VORSCHAU MÄRZ 2010

Special: Kupfer - Rohre, Drähte

Messe tube + Wire

Innovation: Bleifreies Zerspanungsmessing

Hochflexible Lösungen für die Umformung von Draht

Das Drahtwalzwerk der MKM Mansfelder Kupfer und Messing GmbH Hettstedt

Hochleistungs-Ziehöl für Buntmetalle

Produktion bleifreier Gussteile

Alternative Zerspanungsmessinge ohne Blei: Herausforderung und Chance

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Termin- undThemenplan

45

Die Themenschwerpunkte bestimmen nicht den Gesamtinhalt. Aktuelle Beiträge ergänzen die jeweilige Berichterstattung.Änderungen vorbehalten. ET = Erscheinungstermin AS = Anzeigenschluss RS = Redaktionsschluss

Ausgabe

1/2Jan./Feb.

Metallurgie,Gießen

Euroguss19. - 21. 01., NürnbergTMS 2010Annual Meeting & Exhibition14. - 18. 02., Seattle, USAMETAV 201023. - 27. 02., Düsseldorf

ET: 04. 02.

AS: 21. 01.

RS: 07. 01.

Termine

3März

ET: 11. 03.

AS: 25. 02.

RS: 11. 02.

4April

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AS: 25. 03.

RS: 11. 03.

5Mai

ET: 14. 05.

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RS: 15. 04.

6Juni

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RS: 14. 05.

7/ 8Juli/Aug.

ET: 08. 07.

AS: 24. 06.

RS: 10. 06.

9Sept.

ET: 02. 09.

AS: 19. 08.

RS: 05. 08.

10Okt.

ET: 07. 10.

AS: 23. 09.

RS: 09. 09.

11Nov.

ET: 04. 11.

AS: 21. 10.

RS: 07. 10.

12Dez.

ET: 09. 12.

AS: 25. 11.

RS: 11. 11.

Schwerpunkt Fachbeiträge Messen / Veranstaltungen

Draht, Rohre,Profile

Stahlmarkt03. - 04. 03., DüsseldorfWire und tube12. - 16. 04., DüsseldorfHANNOVER MESSE19. - 23. 04., Hannover

Anwendungen,Prüftechnik

Recycling,Solartechnik

BIR Convention31. 05. - 02. 06., Istanbul, TürkeiCopper Cu201006. - 10. 06., HamburgIntersolar09. - 11. 06., München

Industrieöfen,Anlagen

INALCO23. - 25. 06., Eindhoven, Niederlande

Aluminium 201014. - 16. 09., EssenAMB28. 09. - 02. 10., Stuttgart

BIR Convention25. - 26. 10., Brüssel, BelgienEuroblech26. - 30. 10., Hannover

Forschung Hochschul-Kupfersymposium10. - 11. 11., DuisburgHagener SymposiumPulvermetallurgieNovemberEuroMold 201001. - 04. 12., Frankfurt

Korrosions-schutz,Oberflächen-technik

Messevorschau

Draht- und Rohrfertigung: Strangpressen, Ziehen,Walzen

Draht-Rohrverarbeitung: Maschinen, Werkzeuge

Anwendung: Elektrotechnik, Solar- und Haustechnik

Edelstahl: Werkstoffe, Technologien, Anwendungen,Bearbeitung

Prüftechnik: Messen, Qualitätssicherung, Analytik

Maschinen- und Anlagenbau: Entwicklungen für dieMetallurgie

Kupfer/Edelmetalle: Werkstoffe, Anwendungen,Bearbeitung, Kontaktwerkstoffe

Solartechnik: mit NE-Metallen

Recycling: Technologien, Verfahren, Schrotterfassung

Die internationale Hüttenindustrie:Technologien, Anlagen, Projekte

Gezielte Verbreitung in internationalen Primär-und Sekundärhütten

Gießen: Gussteile, Verfahren, Konstruktion, Werkstoffe

Wirtschaft: Metallindustrie

Edelstahl: Austenit kontra Ferrit – Werkstoffentwick-lungen, Anwendungen, Konstruktionen, Bearbeitung

Fügen: Technologien, Trends

Logistik: Lagertechnik, Sicherheit

Aluminium-Messevorschau:Aussteller stellen sich vor – Erzeugung,Verarbeitung, Anwendungen, Werkstoffe

Bänder, Bleche: Herstellung, Verarbeitung, Anwendung

Recycling: Technologien, Verfahren, Schrotterfassung,Trends

Pulvermetallurgie: Verfahren, Anwendungen

Oberflächenbehandlung: Verzinken, Galvanik,Emaillieren

Bauen mit NE-Metallen

150 Jahre Cäsium

Herausforderung Multimaterial Design:Korrosionsschutz

CONTROL04. - 07. 05., StuttgartSENSOR + TEST 201018. - 20. 05., Nürnberg

Specialim Blickpunkt

NE-Metalle,Edelstahl

Kupfer,Edelmetalle

Edelstahl,Nickel, Ferro-legierungen

Kupfer,Halbleiter,Edelmetalle

Leichtmetalle,Titan

Edelstahl,Nickel

Aluminium,Magnesium

Kupfer

Spezialstähle

MSE 201024. - 26. 08., Darmstadt

Blei, Zink, Zinn

Leichtbau mit Leichtmetallen: Gussteile, Profile,Fügen

Titan: Werkstoffe, Technologien, Anwendungen,Konstruktionen, Bearbeitung

Öfen: Anlagen, Feuerfeste Werkstoffe, Wärme-behandlung

Leichtmetalle

Bänder,Bleche,Pulver-metallurgie

Fügen,Logistik

Bau 201117. - 22. 01., München

Werkstoff Kupfer: Forschungaus Industrie und Hochschule

Die internationale Kupferindu-strie: Trends, Prognosen

Rapid Prototyping

Energy and environmental technologies for themetallurgical plant and rolling mill technology.

Combining ecology and economy = e2.That makes sense, since saving the environmentalso saves you money! Why? Because exceptionalavailability, high flexibility, low overheads, andeffective environmental protection are all built intoour plant solutions. That’s how you tap new sourcesof added value by managing resources carefully.

You also benefit from cutting-edge technologies forgas purification and water treatment plus recoveringfuels and materials from production. This and ourservice package including environmental monitoringsystems upgrade your process chains for steel, aluminum, and nonferrous metals.

Simply ask for references to our systems alreadyin operation – for some impressive examples.

SMS SIEMAG AG

Eduard-Schloemann-Strasse 4 Phone: +49 (0) 211 881-0 E-mail: [email protected] Düsseldorf, Germany Fax: +49 (0) 211 881-4902 Internet: www.sms-siemag.com

Ecologyand economy.

Documents

Internationale Fachzeitschrift Wirtschaft · Technik ...€¦ · Taschenbuch des Metallhandels 11., völlig überarbeitete Auflage in 2 Bänden: AnzTBM. BWH Giesel Verlag GmbH Postfach