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moqmedebis farglebis gafarToeba
nato-s moqmedebis geografiuli areali imis saukeTeso
maCvenebelia, Tu ramdenad didi gza gamoiara aliansma praRis
samitis Semdeg. garda mimdinare misiebisa yofil iugoslaviaSi,
aliansi umniSvnelovanes operaciebs axorcielebs xmelTaSua zRvis
auzsa da avRaneTSi da samxreT-centralur eraySi usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofaSi exmareba mravalerovnul divizias, romelsac
poloneTi xelmZRvanelobs. stambolSi aliansis liderebma am
misiebis momavlis Taobaze mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi miiRes.
saerTaSoriso terorizmis gazrdili safrTxis sapasuxod, nato
aseve uzrunvelyofs usafrTxoebas umniSvnelovanesi
sazogadoebrivi da sxva RonisZiebebis Catarebis dros. magaliTad,
stambolis samitis dros is portugaliis mTavrobas daexmara
usafrTxod Caetarebina evropis safexburTo Cempionati. nato
agreTve daexmareba saberZneTis mTavrobas usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofaSi aTenis olimpiadis dros.
daxmareba avRaneTs2003 wlis agvistodan nato xelmZRvanelobs saerTasoriso
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelmyofi Zalebi (suuZ) avRaneTSi. aliansis
liderebi SeTanxmdnen, rom kvlavac gaafarToeben nato-s Zalebs am
qveyanaSi reorganizaciis adgilobrivi jgufebis (raj) damatebiT
Seqmnis meSveobiT. es aris samoqalaqo da samxedro pirebisagan
Semdgari saerTaSoriso jgufebi, romlebic muSaoben avRaneTis
provinciebSi centraluri mTavrobis Zalauflebis gafarToebis,
agreTve ganviTarebisa da aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis gaadvilebis
mizniT. nato-m ganacxada, rom avRaneTis dedaqalaq qabulsa da mis
SemogarenSi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisa da qunduzSi germaniis
meTaurobiT moqmedi raj-ebis mxardaWeris garda, igi male kidev
oTx raj-ze aiRebs pasuxismgeblobas. esenia britaneTis
meTaurobiT moqmedi raj-ebi mazariSarifsa da maimanaSi, germaniis
meTaurobiT moqmedi raj feizabadSi da holandiis meTaurobiT
moqmedi raj baRlanSi.
am xuTi raj-is garda, nato aarsebs materialur-teqnikuri
momaragebis damxmare bazas mazariSarifSi da droebiT `damxmare~
bazebs sarifolSi, samangansa da SerberRanSi. am gziT, suuZ
SeZleben daxmareba gauwion avRaneTis cxra provincias
usafrTxoebis damyarebis saqmeSi. maTi moqmedebis areali iqneba
daaxloebiT 3600 kv. km qabulsa da mis SemogarenSi da daaxloebiT
185 aTasi kv. km qveynis CrdiloeTSi. aliansSi amJamad muSavdeba
suuZ-is dasavleTisaken gafarToebisaTvis saWiro moTxovnebi, raTa
Seiqmnas axali da gaerTiandes arsebuli raj-ebi, rac amJamad aSS-is
xelmZRvanelobiT, „usazRvro Tavisufleba“ operaciis farglebSi
xorcieldeba.
nato agreTve ganalagebs damatebiT jarebs saarCevno procesis
mxardasaWerad 2004 wlis SemodgomisaTvis daniSnul arCevnebamde
da arCevnebis Semdeg. suuZ-is xelmZRvanelobiT moqmedi yoveli
raj droebiT gaZlierdeba qveiTTa damatebiTi erTeulebiT
(daaxloebiT 100 damatebiTi samxedro piri). mzadyofnaSi iqneba
moyvanili sxva Zalebic, romlebic, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,
gadasrolili iqneba regionSi.
monawileobis gazrda eraySisamitis gaxsnis dRes Zalaufleba eraySi oficialurad gadaeca
droebiT mTavrobas. nato-s liderebi SeTanxmdnen, rom
daexmarebian erayis axal droebiT mTavrobas uSiSroebis Zalebis
momzadebaSi, da Crdiloatlantikur sabWos daavales
SeemuSavebina am gadawyvetilebis ganxorcielebis gzebi. es
gadawyvetileba miRebul iqna erayis droebiTi mTavrobis
TxovniT da gaero-s uSiSroebis sabWos mier #1546 rezoluciis
erTxmad miRebis safuZvelze. am rezoluciiT gaero sTxovs
saerTaSoriso da regionul organizaciebs, TavianTi wvlili
Seitanon eraySi mravalerovani ZalebisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis
saqmeSi. erayis uSiSroebis Zalebis momzadebisa da uSiSroebis
samsaxurebis SeqmnaSi erayisaTvis daxmarebis gaweviT, nato
daaCqarebs im dRis dadgomas, roca ucxo jarebis yofna am
qveyanaSi saWiro aRar iqneba.
monawileobis gazrda yofil iugoslaviaSiyofil iugoslaviaSi nato-s monawileobis xasiaTi icvleba,
magram is kvlavac erTgulad iRvwis mTel samxreT-aRmosavleT
evropaSi grZelvadiani stabilurobis dasamyareblad. istoriaSi
Tavis pirvel samSvidobo misias aliansi 2004 wlis bolosaTvis
daasrulebs bosnia-hercegovinaSi. es moxdeba qveyanaSi nato-s
Zalebis cxrawliani yofnis Semdeg, romlis ganmavlobaSic
regionSi ganlagebuli Zalebis raodenoba Tanmimdevrulad
mcirdeboda konfliqtis mdgomareobidan bosnia-hercegovinas
gamosvlisa da samSvidobo procesis TandaTanobiTi gamyarebis
kvaldakval. 1995 wlis dekemberSi iq ganlagda 60-aTasiani jarebi,
amJamad ki maTi raodenoba daaxloebiT 7 aTasia.
evropis kavSiri bosnia-hercegovinaSi ganalagebs axal Zalebs,
romlebic, am or organizacias Soris miRweuli SeTanxmebis
Sesabamisad, kvlavac isargebleben nato-s mxardaWeriT. alianss am
qveyanaSi eqneba Stabi, romelic mas daxmarebas gauwevs iseT
sferoebSi, rogoricaa Tavdacvis sistemis reforma,
antiteroristuli zomebi da saomari moqmedebebis dros
danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanilTa devna. kosovos Zalebis saxiT
nato SeinarCunebs agreTve Zlier samxedro kontingents kosovoSi
am provinciaSi usafrTxoebis gaZlierebisa da politikuri
procesebis xelSewyobis mizniT.
potencialis amaRleba
praRis 2002 wlis samitis Semdeg nato-m, Tavisi potencialis
transformaciis TvalsazrisiT, didi progresi ganicada. ganaxlda
sardlobis struqtura da Seiqmna aliansis sardlobis ganaxlebis
gegma. praRis samitze gansazRvruli sxva miznebis Sesabamisad,
amJamad moqmedebisaTvis mzadaa nato-s qimiuri, biologiuri,
radiologiuri da birTvuli Tavdacvis mravalerovani batalioni,
xolo nato-s reagirebis Zalebi Tavis sawyis operatiul
potencials 2004 wlis bolos miaRweven. garda amisa, praRis
`potencialis amaRlebis valdebuleba~ xorcieldeba mravalerovan
proeqtebTan erTad, romelTa mizania samxedro potencialis
amaRleba. mniSvnelovani winsvla iqna miRweuli sazRvao da
sahaero gadazidvebis, haerSi sawvavis Sevsebisa da aliansis
saxmeleTo zedamxedvelobis sistemaSi. samxedro cvlilebebi
xangrZlivi procesia, romelic unda gagrZeldes, Tu nato-s surs
SeZlos Tavisi misiebis mTeli speqtris ganxorcieleba, maT Soris
iseTi problemebis mogvareba, romlebic ukavSirdeba terorizmis,
Seumdgari saxelmwifoebisa da masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis
gavrcelebiT gamowveul safrTxes.
potencialis ufro operatiulad gamoyenebanato-s liderebma moiwones zomebi, romelTa gatarebis Sedegad
alianss saSualeba eqneba ganaxorcielos operaciebi im dros da
im adgilze, sadac es saWiro iqneba. maT agreTve moiwones maRali
donis politikurad `gamosadegi~ gegmebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac
qveynebi valdebulebas iReben, nebismier dros mzad iyvnen aliansis
operaciebSi TavianTi Zalebis ufro farTomaStabiani
monawileobisa da maTi mxardaWerisaTvis. am valdebulebebis
wyalobiT, alianss mudmivad unda hqondes xelmisawvdomi resursebi
da Zalebi, romelTa gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iqneba misiebis
Sesrulebis dros. nato-s liderebma moiwones agreTve cvlilebebi
nato-s Tavdacvis sistemis dagegmarebisa da Zalebis Camoyalibebis
procesebSi da Seqmnes monaxazi, romlis Tanaxmadac operaciis
dawyebis Taobaze politikuri SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs mis
gansaxorcieleblad saWiro ZalebiT uzrunvelyofas. Tavdacvis
grZelvadiani dagegmarebis aliansiseuli procesi ufro moqnili
gaxdeba, rac miznad isaxavs daexmaros wevr qveynebs Seqmnan Zalebi,
romlebsac eqnebaT ufro Sors mimavali miznebi da ufro swrafi
reagirebis unari, rac maT SeaZlebinebs TavianT Tavze aiRon
misiebis sruli speqtri.
terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolanato-s liderebma gaaZlieres aliansis antiteroristuli
Zalisxmeva da SeTanxmdnen, rom gacvlian sadazvervo monacemebs da
ganaviTareben maRalteqnologiur TavdacviT zomebs
teroristuli Setevebis winaaRmdeg. mokavSireebma valdebuleba
aiRes, gaaumjobeson sadazvervo monacemebis gacvlis sistema
nato-Si amJamad arsebuli dazvervis sistemisa da briuselSi
arsebuli nato-s terorizmis safrTxis sadazvervo ganyofilebis
meSveobiT. es ganyofileba, romelic aSS-Si 2001 wlis 11
seqtembers ganxorcielebuli teroristuli aqtebis Semdeg
Seiqmna, axla ukve mudmivmoqmedi gaxda. misi mizania gaaanalizos
terorizmis zogadi safrTxeebi, aseve is safrTxeebi, romlebic
uSualod nato-s emuqreba.
aliansi mzadaa daexmaros nebismier wevr qveyanas gaumklavdes
teroristul aqtebs da maT Sedegebs. nato-s `avaqsis~ tipis
adreuli Setyobinebis radariT aRWurvili TviTmfrinavebi da
qimiuri, biologiuri, radiologiuri da birTvuli Tavdacvis
batalioni xelmisawvdomi iqneba nebismieri wevri qveynisaTvis,
romelic ki amgvar daxmarebas moiTxovs. nato-s liderebi aseve
SeTanxmdnen ganaviTaron maRalteqnologiuri potenciali
rogorc samoqalaqo pirebis, ise samxedro Zalebis teroristuli
aqtebisagan dasacavad. aq igulisxmeba masobrivi ganadgurebis
iaraRisagan Tavdacvis saSualebebi, farTofiuzelaJiani
TviTmfrinavebis dacva portatiuli raketebisagan, vertmfrenebis
dacva xmeleTidan zemoqmedebisagan, navsadgurebisa da gemebis
dacva, TviTnakeTi asafeTqebeli mowyobilobebisagan dacva da
naRmebis Ziebis gaumjobesebuli meTodebi.
TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba
nato-s partniorobis politika aliansis erT-erT udides
miRwevaTagania civi omis Semdgom periodSi. ganvlili 14 wlis
ganmavlobaSi es politika Tanmimdevrulad viTardeboda mraval
qveyanasa da saerTaSoriso organizaciasTan sul ufro mWidro da
efeqturi urTierTobebis damyarebis mizniT. maT Soris arian
evroatlantikuri arealis partniorebi, xmelTaSua zRvis
regionis qveynebi, ruseTi da ukraina, aseve evropis kavSiri, euTo
da gaero. am politikam aliansisaken gza gauxsna nato-Si
Semosvlis msurvel qveynebs, SesaZlebloba misca maT, rogorc
partniorebs, monawileoba mieRoT nato-s xelmZRvanelobiT
Catarebul operaciebSi da safuZveli Cauyara nato-s nayofier
praqtikul TanamSromlobas calkeul qveynebsa da
organizaciebTan. stambolSi nato-s liderebma aliansis
partniorobis politika kidev erTi safexuriT aswies maRla
mTeli rigi Sorsmimavali da inovaciuri iniciativebis
meSveobiT.
partnioruli urTierTobebis gaRrmavebabalansi partniorebsa da mokavSireebs Soris evroatlantikuri
partniorobis sabWoSi Seicvala, roca a. w. martSi Svidi partniori
oficialurad gaxda mokavSire. pirvelad istoriaSi nato-s meti
wevri hyavs (26), vidre partniori (20), xolo danarCeni partniorebi
qveynebis ufro mravalferovan jgufs ganekuTvnebian. partniorebTan
urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis mizniT, aliansis liderebi SeTanxmdnen,
meti SesaZlebloba miscen maT nato-s xelmZRvanelobiT warmarTul
operaciebSi monawileobis misaRebad, aseve adreul etapze mianiWon
maT sityvis ufleba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi da gauwion
daxmareba TavianTi samxedro sistemebis gardaqmnaSi nato-s
cvalebadi rolisa da potencialis Sesabamisad. partniorebisaTvis
demokratiuli Tavdacvis sistemebis SeqmnaSi daxmarebis gawevis
mizniT, mokavSireebma SeimuSaves Tavdacvis sistemis Camoyalibebis
partnioruli samoqmedo gegma. maT agreTve gaaZlieres aliansis
yuradReba kavkasiisa da centraluri aziisadmi da SeTanxmdnen, am
or regionSi daeniSnaT specialuri warmomadgeneli da ori
sakontaqto oficeri.
urTierTobebis gafarToeba samxreT-aRmosavleT
evropaSialiansis liderebma ganacxades, rom surT programas `partnioroba
mSvidobisaTvis~ SeuerTdnen bosnia-hercegovina da
serbia-Cernogoria. amasTan, maT naTlad ganacxades, rom, sanam es
moxdeba, orive qveyanam unda Seasrulos nato-s pirobebi, rac
aucilebelia programaSi `partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis~
gasawevrianeblad. am moTxovnebSi Sedis sruli TanamSromloba
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis tribunalTan yofili
iugoslaviis saqmeebze da, serbia-Cernogoriis SemTxvevaSi,
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlodan nato-s ramdenime wevr qveyanaze
Setanili sarCelebis gatana. programis `partnioroba
mSvidobisaTvis~ wevrad gaxdomaSi orive mxarisaTvis daxmarebis
gasawevad, aliansi maT CarTavs am programis farglebSi mimdinare
zog RonisZiebaSi. bosia-hercegovinas mosaxleobisaTvis nato-s
miznebis ukeT gacnobis mizniT, nato agreTve SearCevs sakontaqto
saelCos aliansis qveynebis saelCoebs Soris saraevoSi.
2004 wlis martSi nato-Si Sesvlis Semdeg stambolis samits
pirvelad daeswrnen aliansis Svidi axali wevri qveynis: bulgareTis,
estoneTis, latviis, litvis, rumineTis, slovakeTisa da sloveniis
liderebi. aliansis liderebma mkafiod ganacxades, rom nato-s kari
kvlavac Riaa axali wevrebisaTvis da miesalmnen winsvlas, romelsac
am mxriv miaRwies albaneTma, xorvatiam da iugoslaviis yofilma
respublika makedoniam* wevrobis samoqmedo gegmis CarCoebSi. maT
aseve sTxoves nato-s sagareo saqmeTa ministrebs, daakvirdnen
wevrobis msurvelTa moqmedebas da winaswar moaxsenon amis Sesaxeb
momaval samits, romelzec ganixileba axali wevrebis miRebis
sakiTxi.
xmelTaSua zRvis dialogis ganviTarebanato-s liderebma aliansTan ufro ambiciuri da farTo
partnioruli urTierTobebis damyarebisaken mouwodes Svid
qveyanas: alJirs, egviptes, iordanias, israels, mavritanias,
marokosa da tuniss, romlebic aliansis `xmelTaSua zRvis
dialogSi~ monawileoben. es mowodeba erToblivi mflobelobis
princips emyareba. 1994 wels misi Seqmnis Semdeg `xmelTaSua zRvis
dialogma~ Tavisi wvlili Seitana nato-sa da Svid monawile
qveyanas Soris ndobis ganmtkicebisa da TanamSromlobis saqmeSi.
axali partnioruli programis gansakuTrebuli mizania, sxva
saerTaSoriso ZalisxmevaSi monawileobis paralelurad, meti
wvlili Seitanos regionis usafrTxoebasa da stabilurobaSi
ufro intensiuri TanamSromlobis meSveobiT. aq agreTve
igulisxmeba dialogis politikuri ganzomilebebis gafarToeba,
urTierTdaxmareba, TanamSromloba sazRvrebis dacvis saqmeSi,
Tavdacvis sistemis reformis SemuSaveba da terorizmis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi monawileoba.
iwyeba stambolis TanamSromlobis iniciativis
ganxorcielebaaliansis liderebma wamoayenes agreTve `stambolis
TanamSromlobis iniciativa~ axlo aRmosavleTis regionis
problemebis gadasaWrelad. es iniciativa, romlis mizania
praqtikuli TanamSromlobis damyareba dainteresebul, maT Soris
sparseTis yuris TanamSromlobis sabWos qveynebTan, miznad isaxavs
usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis gazrdas regionTan axali
transatlantikuri urTierTobebis damyarebis gziT. is sTavazobs
garkveul miznobriv rCevebs Tavdacvis sistemis reformirebis
sakiTxebis, Tavdacvis biujetis, Tavdacvis sistemis dagegmvis,
samoqalaqo da samxedro sferoebis urTierTobebisa da
samxedroebs Soris TanamSromlobis sakiTxebze, rac xels
Seuwyobs TanamSromlobis ganviTarebas, terorizmis winaaRmdeg
brZolas informaciis gacvlis meSveobiT, sazRvao
TanamSromlobas, masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRisa da misi
gavrcelebis problemebis mogvarebasa da ukanono vaWrobis
winaaRmdeg brZolas.