한국 GRE 6.0

2008년 7월

한국 GRE 6.0 (2008년 7월) korean00@gmail.com

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※ Dictionary

Microsoft Bookshelf

- NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition

- American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,

3rd Edition

- 그 외 잡다한 인터넷 검색

※ Update History

ver. 1.0 - 한국 GRE 4.0 으 로 작성

ver. 2.0 - 한국 GRE 4.5 update 반영

ver. 2.1 - KOREA GRE Fifth Edition 반영

ver. 3.0 - Revised and Modified through proofreading

ver. 3.5 - 표 제어 추 가 및 英英풀 이를 표 제어 위주 로 수 정

ver. 4.0 - GRE Verbal Rainbow Bible 0801 version 반영

ver. 4.5 - 기출 대전 v. 2.0 Antonym 반영 (2004. 3. 21) (hgycap@hotmail.com님)

ver. 5.0 - ??????????

ver. 5.5 - 발음 기호 추 가 및 통 지1.1(1.1.4) 반영 (2005. 7. 15)

ver. 5.5 수 정판 – 2006, 2007년 후 기 추 가, 오 류 수 정, 주 석 등 추 가 (2007. 7. 4)

ver. 6.0 – 2008년 6월분 까지 후 기 추 가, 오 류 수 정, 발음 기호 보 강 (2008. 7. 24)

Copyright ⓒ 2005-2006, mkwind_force@hotmail.com

Copyleft 2007-2008, 코 리안영영(korean00@gmail.com) Some Rights Reserved.

한국 GRE 6.0 (2008년 7월) korean00@gmail.com

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A abacus [ǽbəkəs] n. 주판

abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh 주판:계산하다::저울:무게를재다 abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate ::육분의:항해하다 abacus : calculated :: balance : weighted 주판:계산된::저울:무게를단 abacus : calculator :: quill : pen (종류 (중에서 구식인 것)) quill : 깃털펜

abandon [əbǽndən] n. 방종, DESERT, FORSAKE(저버리다,버리다. 예; They made a bargain that they would not forsake each other.)

: a complete surrender of inhibitions abandon : inhibition :: hideboundness : innovation (A lack B) abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope (반대) 내비둠:금지::절망:희망 abandon : inhibition :: agitation : tranquility(반대) 격앙:고요 abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness :: voluble : terse :: calmness : frenzy

abandon : inhibition :: consciousness : numbness 의식:마비 abandon ↔ salvage abandon ↔ restrain

abase [əbéis] v.t. (품위, 지위) 떨어뜨리다 : DEGRADE to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem

abase : force :: taper : width (A는 B를 줄이다) abase : strength :: taper : width (A는 B를 줄이다) abase : stature :: lower : height abase : status :: shorten : length :: shorten : height stature 신장, 키; 품위, 재능 status 지위, 신분; 높은 지위; (사물의) 상태, 정세

abase : prestige :: damp : ardor prestige 위신, 명성, 신망, 위세, 세력 damp 축축하게 하다; 불을 끄다; 의기소침하게 하다 ardor 열정

curtail : duration :: abase : strength abase ↔ extol

abash [əbǽʃ] v.t. 당황하게 하다 : DISCONCERT to destroy the self-possession or self-

confidence of unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement abash = embarrass, herald = announce

embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow embolden to foster boldness or courage in; encourage faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert

abate [əbéit] v. (정도, 기세, 세기, 수량) 감소시키다 1. to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen 2. to deduct from an amount; subtract 예 ; Although their initial anger had abated somewhat, they

continued to berate the careless worker who had broken the machine.

* unabated 줄어들지 않는 abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate to make (pain, for example) more bearable

abate : degree :: discount : price :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed :: shrink : size :: chill : temperature (A는 B(대상)를 ↓)

abate : force :: attenuate : thickness attenuate 줄이다, 감소시키다

abate : intensity, strength :: taper : width :: fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed taper 끝이 뾰족하게 되다; 점점 줄어들다

abatement : intensity :: deceleration : speed thin : density, intensity :: abate : length abate : length :: dilute : concentration (A는 B(대상)를 ↓) abate : value :: constrict : diameter abate : status :: shorten : height abate ↔ intensify, promote, increase in intensity, augments, strengthen unabated ↔ palliated, allayed, mitigated

abbreviate [əbríːvièit] v.t. 생략하다, 단축하다 : to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to

represent the full form * abbreviation [줄이는 행동, 줄여진 상태 모두를 나타냄] 1. the act or product of shortening 2. a shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in

writing to represent the complete form abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay downgrade : quality :: abbreviate : sentence abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것) synopsis 개요 narrative 이야기, 담화

abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abbreviation : word :: synopsis : article : synopsis : narrative abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness :: sap : vigor abbreviate : letter :: abridge : word abbreviate ↔ extend, protract

abdicate [ǽbdikèit] v. 퇴위하다 : to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function

recant : belief :: abdicate : throne recant 철회하다, 부인하다

abdicate : throne :: resign : office abdicate ↔ constitute constitute 구성하다; 임명하다; 설치, 제정하다

abdicate ↔ assume assume 당연하게 생각하다, 가정하다; 떠맡다, 인수하다; (태도를) 취

하다 abdicate ↔ usurp usurp 강탈하다, 횡령하다

aberrant [əbérənt, ǽbər- ] a. 비정상적인, 이상한 : ATYPICAL deviating from the proper or expected course

aberration : course :: digression : theme aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic aberrant ↔ typical, normal, conventional (relevant는 오답)

abet [əbét] v.t. 자극하다 1. to approve(인정), encourage(격려), and support(지지) (an

action or a plan of action); urge and help on 2. to urge, encourage, or help (a person)

abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance (A = B를 하다, 동 : 명) abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity (A하는 목적 = B) elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify

abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance abet ↔ thwart, impede, stymie, frustrate, obstruct, forestall, hinder, hamper stymie 방해하다, 좌절시키다 예; Companies have been stymied by

the length of time it takes to reach an agreement. forestall 미연에 방지하다, 선수를 치다; (상품을) 매점하다

abeyance [əbéiəns] n. (일시적) 중지 : SUSPENSION temporary inactivity

abeyance ↔ continuance, fulfillment

abhor [æbhɔ ːr] v.t. 혐오하다 : LOATHE to regard with extreme repugnance

abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) abhor ↔ greatly admire

abiding [əbáidiŋ] a. 지속적인, 불변의

한국 GRE 6.0 (2008년 7월) korean00@gmail.com

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: ENDURING, CONTINUING lasting for a long time; enduring

abiding ↔ evanescent, ephemeral, transient miscreant ↔ law-abiding individual miscreant [mískriənt] a.사악한, 타락한, n.악한

abject [ǽbdʒekt, -- ] a. SERVILE, SPIRITLESS 1. brought low in condition or status 의기소침한 2. being of the most contemptible kind 비열한 3. being of the most miserable kind 비참한

abject ↔ exultant, spirited, exciting exultant 기뻐 날뛰는, 환희하는 marked by great joy or jubilation;

triumphant

abjure [æbdʒúər / əb-] v.t. (맹세하고) 신앙, 주의를 저버리다 1. to renounce under oath; forswear 2. to recant solemnly; repudiate 3. to give up (an action or practice, for example)

abjure : reject :: abjure ↔ embrace, espouse, affirm

abnegate [ǽbnigèit] v.t. (권리, 소신) 등을 포기하다 : SURRENDER, RELINQUISH

abnegate ↔ reaffirm

abolition [æ bəlíʃən] 폐지, 박멸; (A-) 노예제도의 폐지 1. the act of doing away with or the state of being done

away with; annulment 2. abolishment of slavery * abolish [əbáli∫] v. 없애다, 폐지하다 1. to do away with; annul 2. to destroy completely

abolish ↔ establish anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A break B) abolition ↔ persistence in slavery

abolitionism [æbəlíʃənìzəm] n. 노예제도 폐지론 anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery (A = B에 반대하는 사람)

abominate [əbɑ mənèit / əbɔ m-] v. 몹시 싫어하다 : to detest thoroughly; abhor

abominate ↔ esteem

aboveboard [əbʌ vbɔ ːrd] a. 공명정 한 : in a straightforward manner

surreptitious ↔ barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious 몰래, 비 리의; 부정한

chicanery ↔ aboveboard action chicanery 얼버무리기, 발뺌, 핑계 deception by trickery or sophistry;

a trick

abrasion [əbréiʒən] n. 마찰, 마모 * abrade [əbréid] v. 마멸시키다, 깎아내다, 마모시키다 1. to wear down or rub away by friction; erode 2. to make weary through constant irritation; wear down

spiritually abrade ↔ augment abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration (B cause A) desiccate 건조시키다, 건조시켜 보관하다; 기운 없게 만들다

abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization (A lead to B) scuff 발로 문지르다, 비비다

lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B) lubricate 기름을 치다, 미끄럽게 하다

abrasion : stroke :: boil : heat abrade ↔ augment

abridge [əbrídʒ] v.t. 요약하다, (기간, 범위 등을) 단축하다 : CONDENSE

1. to reduce the length of (a written text); condense 2. to cut short; curtail

abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abridge : sentence :: abbreviation : word abridge : duration :: truncate : length (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: attenuate : thickness (A는 그 대상 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: dilute : concentration (A는 그 대상 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: enervate : energy (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) abridge : length :: abase : prestige (A는 그 대상인 B를 약화시킴) prestige 명성, 신망

abridge ↔ extend in length, amplify, protract protract; to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong

abridgement ↔ extension, complete sentence, expansion, sufficiency, enlargement

condensed ↔ unabridged

abrogate [ǽbrəgèit] v. (법령 등을) 폐지하다 : ANNUL, to abolish by authoritative action

abrogate ↔ uphold, embrace, institute

abscission [æbsíʒən, -ʃən] n. 절단 : REMOVAL, the act or process of cutting off

abscission ↔ process of grafting graft 접붙이다, 이식하다, 접합하다

abscond [æbskánd / -skɔ nd] v. 몰래 도망가다 :to depart secretly and hide oneself

abscond : depart, leave :: pilfer, steal : take :: conspire : plan :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE) pilfer to steal (a small amount or item)

abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen :: shadow : follow :: secrete : store

follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme abscond : depart :: lurk : wait lurk 숨다, 잠복하다; 잠행하다, 살금살금 걷다

lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate (purloin과 appropriate는 둘 다 defective일 수 있으므로 상황에 따라서 되기도 하고 안되기도 함) purloin [pə:rlɔ in] to steal, often in a violation of trust appropriate; 사용하다; 돌려쓰다, 충당하다

absolute [ǽbsəlùːt] a. 무제한의 1. perfect in quality or nature; complete 2. not mixed; pure 3. a. not limited by restriction or exceptions; unconditional b. unqualified in extent or degree; total 4. unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions

absolute ↔ qualified qualified 자질/능력 있는; 조건부의

absolve [æbzɑ lv, -sɑ lv / -zɔ lv] v.t. 사면하다, 면제하다 1. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame 용서하다, 사면하다 2. to relieve of a requirement or an obligation 면제하다

exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir (형 : 동) exculpate to clear of guilt or blame

hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve hortative, hortatory 격려의, 충고의 marked by strong urging

absolve ↔ inculpate, indict, sentence inculpate = incriminate 고소하다, 죄를 부과하다; 뒤집어씌우다 indict 비난하다, 공격하다; 기소/고발하다

absorb [æbsɔ ːrb, -zɔ ːrb] v.t. 흡수하다; 열중케 하다 1. to take (something) in through or as through pores or

interstices 2. to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross

absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk absorb ↔ dissipate, exude, reflect exude (땀 등이) 스며/배어 나오다

abstain [æbstéin] vi. 절제하다, 기권하다

한국 GRE 6.0 (2008년 7월) korean00@gmail.com

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: to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice

mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (A require B) mandatory 명령의; 의무적인, 강제적인, 직권으로 명령된

abstain ↔ partake partake 참가하다

abstemious [æbstíːmiəs] a. 절제하는 : marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food

or alcohol abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE, 형 : 동) austere 진지한, 근엄한, 금욕적인, 간결한

abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control intransigent 완고한, 타협하지 않는

reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent 과묵한, 말이 적은; 삼가는, 억제된 gorge 게걸스럽게 먹다; 꽉 채우다 cf. gorgeous 화려한, 호화로운; 멋진, 훌륭한

abstinent ↔ indulging, intemperate, gluttonous, voracious glutton 식가; 열중하는 사람 gluttonous 게걸이 든, 식하는; 탐욕스러운

abstinence [ǽbstənəns] n. 절제; 금주 1. the act or practice of refraining from indulging an

appetite, as for food 2. abstention from alcoholic beverages

abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity celibacy 독신; 금욕 생활 promiscuity 혼란, 뒤범벅; 난잡한 성교

abstract [æbstrǽkt] 제거하다, 분리하다; 발췌하다(epitomize), 요약하다; 주의를 딴 곳으로 돌리다

: to draw away the attention of abstract ↔ elaborate elaborate to express at greater length or in greater detail

abstract ↔ attention

abstraction [æbstræk∫:ən] 방심, 추상 1. a. the act or process of abstracting or the state of having

been abstracted b. an abstract concept, idea, or term c. an abstract quality 2. preoccupation; absent-mindedness 3. an abstract work of art

abstraction ↔ attention

abstruse [æbstrúːs] a. 난해한 : RECONDITE difficult to comprehend

abstruse : comprehension :: indiscernible : vision (A는 B하기 힘든) abstruse : comprehend :: faint : perceive (A는 B하기 힘든) abstruse ↔ accessible, explicit, patent, manifest, obvious patent 특허의, 특허에 관한; 명백한(obvious, plain)

abuse [əbjúːs] / [əbjúːz] v. 비난하다 : REVILE 1. to use wrongly or improperly; misuse 2. to hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use 3. to assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery diatribe 통렬한 비난, 혹평 burlesque 풍자, 해학

polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive (명 : 형) polemic 반론, 논쟁 invective 독설, 욕설, 비난

declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse (EQUAL) declamation 웅변술; 극적 효과를 노린 연설, 문장 grandiloquence 호언장담, 허풍 pompous or bombastic speech or

expression diatribe a bitter, abusive denunciation

abut [əbʌ t] v. 인접하다

: to touch along a border or with a projecting part contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide (형 : 동)

abysmal [əbízməl] a. 깊이를 알 수 없는, 심오한, 천길 나락의 stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A >> B) Stygian (stygian) 삼도(Styx)천의, 지옥의 강의 / 어두운

accede [æksíːd] v. 동의하다 1. to give one's consent, often at the insistence of nother;

concede 2. to arrive at or come into an office or dignity 3. to become a party to an agreement or treaty

accede ↔ demur, dissent, oppose demur 반 하다 to voice opposition; object dissent v.i. 의견이 다르다, 이의를 주장하다

accelerate [æksélərèit] v. 가속하다, 촉진시키다 expedite : process :: accelerate : pace expedite 재촉하다, 촉진하다; 신속히 처리하다; 파견하다

accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration (B는 A의 대상) accelerate : speed :: expand : size (B는 A의 대상) accelerate : velocity :: prolong : duration :: crescendo : loudness :: expedite : process

accelerate ↔ retard

accentuate [ækséntʃuèit] v. 강조하다; 악센트를 주어 발음하다; 악센트 표시를 하다

accentuate ↔ underplay underplay 소극적으로 연기하다

accessible [æksésəbəl] a. 접근하기 쉬운, 이해하기 쉬운 capable of being understood or appreciated

1. easily approached or entered 접근하기 쉬운 2. easily obtained 쉽게 얻을 수 있는 3. easy to talk to or get along with 사귀기 쉬운, 함께 하기 쉬운 4. easily swayed or influenced 귀가 얇은

accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage (A하면 B하기 쉽다) abstruse ↔ accessible, patent

accessory [æksésəri] n, a. 부속물, 부가적인 : ADJUNCT 1. a subordinate or supplementary item; an adjunct 2. something nonessential but desirable that contributes to

an effect or result accessory ↔ of primarily importance

accidental [æksidéntl] a. 우연한 : occurring unexpectedly or by chance

inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual (OPPOSITE) casual 우연한, 무심결의, 무관심한

safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss (A = B로부터 보호) hedge 울타리; 장애물, 장벽

intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE)

acclaim [əkléim] v. ~에게 갈채하다, 찬양하다, 큰 소리로 부르다 acclaim ↔ berate, disapprove, denounce, vituperate

acclimate [æ klə mèit, əkláimit] v.t. 순응시키다 : to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate,

environment, or situation; adapt adapt to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation acclimate ↔ become unaccustomed, disaccustom, make unfamiliar with, make unaccustomed (to)

acclimated ↔ unaccustomed

accolade [ǽkəlèid] n. 기사 작위 수여(식); 칭찬, 영예 v. to praise or honor

한국 GRE 6.0 (2008년 7월) korean00@gmail.com

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accolade : praise :: blandishment : cajole (속성) accolade : praise :: castigation : rebuke (속성) rebuke 비난(하다), 질책(하다) accolade ↔ excoriating remark, cutting remark excoriate 껍질을 벗기다; 비난하다

accolade ↔ castigation, criticism, censure, disapprobation, denigration, denunciation, reproof, reprobation, swearword denigrate 더럽히다; 모욕하다, (명예 등을) 훼손하다 swearword 저주, 욕설의 말

accolade ↔ derogate, speak ill, excoriate derogate (가치, 명예 등을) 떨어뜨리다, 훼손하다; 타락하다

deplore ↔ accolade, extol deplore 반 하다; 개탄하다

accommodate [əkɑ mədèit / əkɔ m-] v. 편의를 도모하다, 공급 하다; 숙박시키다; 조절하다; 적응시키다

1. to do a favor or service for; oblige 2. to provide for; supply with 3. to hold comfortably without crowding 4. to make suitable; adapt 5. to allow for; consider 6. to settle; reconcile

accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove (A=B 혹은 A >> B) obliterate 지우다, 말살하다

accomplice [əkɑ mplis / əkʌ m-] n. 공범자 one who aids or abets a lawbreaker in a criminal act, either

as a principal or an accessory

accost [əkɔ (ː)st, əkɑ st] v.t. 다가가 말 걸다 : to approach and speak to often in a aggressive, hostile, or

sexually suggestive manner accost : approach :: importune : request (A >> B) importune 성가시게 조르다; 괴롭히다

accountability [əkàuntəbíləti] n. 책임 accountable 1. liable to being called to account; answerable 책임이 있는 2. that can be explained 설명할 수 있는 an accountable

phenomenon

accrete [əkríːt] v. 서서히 늘리다 : ACCUMULATE : to make larger or greater, as by increased growth

accretion a. growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or

inclusion b. something added externally to promote such growth or increase

accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete : grow :: inch : advance (A << B) inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees

accrete ↔ wear away accretion ↔ reduction in substance caused by erosion

accrue [əkrú:] v. (이익 등을) 획득, 축적하다 accrue ↔ decrease, lose, scatter, dwindle, erode

accumulate [əkjúːmjəlèit] v. 모으다, 축적하다 : AMASS : to gather or pile up especially little by little

accumulate ↔ dissipate accumulation ↔ dissipation

accuse [əkjúːz] v. 비난하다 : BLAME 1. to charge with a shortcoming or an error 2. to charge formally with a wrongdoing

acerbic [əsə ːrbik] a. 신맛의, 신랄한 : sour or bitter, as in taste, character, or tone

acerbic ↔ sweet, saccharine saccharine [sǽkərì:n] 달콤한; 정중한; 지나치게 감상적인

acerbity ↔ saccharine

achromatic [æ krəmǽtik] a. 무색의 : designating color perceived to have zero saturation and

therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black hue 색조; 특색, 경향 1. the property of colors by which they can be perceived as ranging

from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light

2. a particular gradation of color; a shade or tint 3. color 4. appearance; aspect

achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence (A lack B) achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence (A lack B)

acid [æsid] n. 산 adj. 신 맛이 나는, 매서운, 신랄한 1. a substance having a sour taste 2. the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful

acid ↔ savory

acme [ǽkmi] n. 절정, 정점 : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute (B할 수 없는 상태 = A) surpass 능가하다, 초월하다

acme : mountain :: crest : wave (A = B의 정점, 꼭대기) vagary : predict :: acme : surpass (A면 B하기 힘들다) vagary 엉뚱한 짓, 변덕 an extravagant or erratic notion or action

acme ↔ nadir

acoustic [ekú:stik] a. 청각의, 소리의 acoustic : sound :: optical : light (autumnal : season, aquatic : wave는 오답)

acquiesce [æ kwiés] v. 마지못해 따르다 : to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively

intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent 완고한, 타협하지 않는 deferential 정중한, 공손한

acquiesce ↔ defy, resist, refute defy 항하다, 맞서다; 저항하다 refute 반박하다; 잘못을 증명하다

acquisition [æ kwəzíʃən] n. 획득, 취득물 divestiture ↔ acquisition divest (옷 등을) 벗기다; (권리 등을) 박탈하다

acquit [əkwít] v.t. 무죄 방면하다 1. (law) to free or clear from a charge or accusation 무죄로 하

다, 석방하다 2. to release or discharge from a duty (의무 등을) 면제하다

acre [éikər] n. 에이커 [면적의 단위]; 량, 다량 ream : paper :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart : liquid

acrid [ǽkrid] a. 신랄한, 얼얼한 : IRRITATING 1. unpleasantly sharp, pungent, or bitter to the taste or smell 2. caustic in language or tone

acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (A lack B) grating, strident : sound :: acrid : odor strident 귀에 거슬리는, 삐걱거리는

acrid : odor :: grating, piercing : sound acrid ↔ gentle, savory savory 입맛 당기는; 자극적인 맛이 나는, 톡 쏘는; 기분 좋은, 안락

한

acrimonious [ækrəmóuniəs] a. 통렬한, 신랄한 : caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language,

or manner

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uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill (LACK) acrimonious ↔ harmonious

acumen [əkjúːmən, ǽkjə-] n. 예리함, 통찰 : quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight

alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) shrewd 빈틈없는, 날카로운, 현명한

acumen ↔ obtuseness, bluntness, lack of discernment blunt 뭉툭한, 무뚝뚝한, 멍청한, 무감각한

acute [əkjúːt] a. 날카로운, 통찰력 있는, 민감한, 급성의 perspicacity : acute :: caprice : whimsical perspicacity 명민(acuteness); 통찰력(penetration)

acute ↔ imperceptive, insignificant, trivial, stupid, unintelligent, fatuous fatuous 어리석은, 어수룩한; 비현실적인

acute ↔ mild acute ↔ inveterate

ad hoc [æd-hɑ k, -hóuk] adj. 임시 변통의 adv. for the specific purpose, case, or situation at hand and

for no other adj. 1. formed for or concerned with one specific purpose 특별한

목적을 위한 2. improvised and often impromptu 임시변통의

adage [ǽdidʒ] n. 금언, 격언, 속담 : a saying that sets forth a general truth and that has

gained credit through long use

adamant [ǽdəmənt, -mænt] n. 비길 데 없이 견고한 것 a. 완고한, 단호한: UNYIELDING

: unshakable or immovable especially in opposition adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control refractory 다루기 어려운, 고집 센; 난치의 obstinately resistant to

authority or control impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant : moved :: intractable : led :: incorrigible : reformed adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (A = B하지 않는) gamble 투기, 모험; 도박

adamant : yield :: slothful : assiduity (A = B 속성이 없는) adamant ↔ easily changing mind adamant ↔ vacillatory, moved, inclined to yield, flexible, irresolute, pliable, yielding, easily swayed, pliant, tractable, vacillant vacillatory; inclined to waver; irresolute

adapt [ədǽpt] v.t. 적응시키다, 개작하다 : to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation You must adapt method to circumstances. 방법을 상황에 적

합시켜야 한다. adapt oneself to circumstances 환경에 순응하다;융통성 있게

행동하다 adapt ↔ remain unchanged adapted ↔ unchanged adaptable ↔ unchangeable

addendum [ədéndəm] n. 부록 : something added or to be added, especially a supplement

to a book addendum : document :: postscript : letter

addict [ǽdikt] v.t. 몰두시키다; 마약 중독이 되게 하다 1. to devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively 2. to cause to become compulsively and physiologically

dependent on a habit-forming substance disabuse : error :: rehabilitate : addiction (A = B에서 벗어나다)

addicted [ədíktid] a. 탐닉하는, 중독된 addict; to devote or surrender (oneself) to something

habitually or obsessively inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency (A = B를 가지고 있는) inure 익숙하게 하다, 단련하다

adept [ədépt] /[ǽdept] adj. 능숙한, 숙달된 n. 숙련자, 노련가 : very skilled

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance 친절; 정중 the inclination to comply willingly with the

wishes of others; amiability adept ↔ bungling, clumsy, inept bungle 어설픈 짓을 하다, 실수하다 to work or act ineptly or

inefficiently

adhere [ædhíər|əd-] v. 들러붙다, 부착하다; 충실하다, 추종하다 1. to stick fast by or as if by suction or glue 2. to be a devoted follower or supporter 3. to carry out a plan, a scheme, or an operation without

deviation adhere ↔ detach

adherent [ædhíərənt] n. 신봉자 : a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or

church adherent ↔ dissenter, forerunner dissenter (체제 등에의) 반 자; 반-국교주의자 forerunner 선인, 선조; 선구자

adhesive [ædhíːsiv, -ziv] n. 접착제, 반창고 adhesive : bind :: compass : orient compass [kʌmpəs] 나침반 (방향을 알려줌)

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive etch 에칭을 하다, 새겨 넣다; 강한 인상을 남기다

adhesive ↔ nonviscous

adjourn [ədʒə ːrn] vi. (회의 등을) 연기/휴회하다 convoke ↔ adjourn

adjudicate [ədʒúdəkeit] v. 판결을 내리다; (분쟁 등을) 조정하다 1. (law) to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure 2. to study and settle (a dispute or controversy) adjudicator [ədʒúːdikèitər] n. 법관 one that act as

judge

adjunct [ǽdʒʌŋkt] n. 부가물, 부속물 something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it

adjunct ↔ essential element

ad-lib [ædlíb, --] n. 즉흥적인 것 : something spoken, composed, or performed without

preparation ad-lib : impromptu :: side, aside : divergent (명 : 형, 속성) aside; adv. 곁에, 떨어져서 n. 방백; 탈선, 여담

ad-lib : impromptu :: barb : caustic

admire [ədmáiər] v. 감탄/탄복하다; 존경하다 1. to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval 2. to have a high opinion of; esteem or respect 존경하다

adulate : admire = squander : spend (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미) paltry : covert :: despicable : admire defer : leader :: admire : hero disparaging : contempt :: estimable : admire emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon abhor ↔ greatly admire

admission [ædmíʃən, əd-] n. 입장, 허가 lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (로또복권은 추첨 방식, 표는 입장 방식)

admonish [ædmɑ niʃ, əd- / -mɔ n-] v. 타이르다, 경고하다 : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle,

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earnest, or solicitous manner admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B는 A를 공개적으로 함 (A << B라는 설도 있음)) pillory 조롱하다; 형틀(pillory)로 처벌하다

peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigation 징계, 혹평

pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpate to clear of guilt or blame

admonish : warn :: ameliorate : improve admonish : warn :: persuade : convince admonishmeng : warn :: panegyric : compliment apprise : information :: admonish : warning (동 : 명) apprise to give notice to; inform cf. appraise 평가하다 to evaluate, especially in an official capacity

adore [ədɔ ːr] v.t. 숭배하다, 흠모하다 1. to worship as God or a god 2. to regard with deep, often rapturous love 3. to like very much

abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness, affection (A >> B) apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror intense, overpowering fear

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B)

adroit [ədrɔ it] a. 능숙한 : having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in

handling situations loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroitness : ineptness :: difficulty : simplicity (OPPOSITE) adroit : cluminess :: (OPPOSITE) adroit : act :: adroitness ↔ clumsiness adroit ↔ ungainly, inept, clumsy ham-handed ↔ deft, adroit ham-handed 솜씨 없는, 서투른; 손이 큰

adulate [ǽdʒəlèit] v. 엄청 아첨하다 : to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly

aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) disinclination 내키지 않음 a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or

reluctance adulate : admire = squander : spend (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미) admire 감탄/탄복하다; 존경하다

adulate : censure :: (OPPOSITE) fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter fulminate 격렬하게 비난하다; 큰소리와 함께 폭발하다

adulate ↔ censure, deride, scorn, disparage, disdain, excoriate, vituperate, reproach, vilify, revile disparage 비난하다; 헐뜯다

adulation ↔ obloquy, disdain, vituperation, derision (somber affection은 오답) obloquy [ábləkwi] 불명예, 오명; 비난, 욕설, 악평 disdain 경멸, 멸시, 모욕 vituperation 비난, 매도, 혹평

adulterate [ədʌ ltərèit] v.t. 불순물을 섞다 adult : child :: cat : kitten adulterate : pure :: bolster, brace : weak :: dismantle : unity bolster 베개로 받치다; 지지하다, 강화하다 brace (버팀 로) 강화하다; 버티다; 자극하다, 분발시키다

demanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine (A에는 B가 없는) pristine 초기의, 원시의

stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration (A object B) embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (A ↔ B) dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine (A ↔ B) dismantle to take apart; disassemble; tear down

adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor (A remove B) unalloyed ↔ adulterated tainted ↔ unadulterated adulteration ↔ purification

adumbrate [ædʌ mbrèit, ǽdəmbrèit] v. 어렴풋이 표현하다 1. to give a sketchy outline of 2. to prefigure indistinctly; foreshadow 3. to disclose partially or guardedly

adumbrate : punctuality (A에는 B의 속성이 없음) revelation ↔ adumbration

advent [ǽdvent] n. 출현, 도래 advent ↔ end, exit, disappearance, departure

adversary [ǽdvərsèri / -səri] n. 적 : ENEMY, FOE opposition : adversary :: instruction : mentor supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance (A have B, CHARACTER) supplicant n. 탄원자 a. 탄원하는, 애원하는 humility 겸손, 비하

adversary ↔ ally ally [əlái] 동맹국, 연합국; 친척, 동료

advertence [ædvə ːrtəns, əd-] n. 주의, 유의; 용의주도함 advert 주의를 환기시키다; 언급하다 to call attention; refer

advertence ↔ inattention advertent ↔ inattentive inadvertence ↔ careful attention

advertise [ǽdvərtàiz] v.t. 광고하다 : to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a

broadcast advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal

advocate [ǽdvəkèit] v.t. 주장하다 : to speak, pled, or argue in favor of

advocacy : champion :: criticism : evaluate champion; v. 옹호(지지)하다, 지키다

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent 주창자, 표적 인물 pollster, polltaker 여론 조사원 canvass 면 히 조사하다; (선거에서) 표를 구하러 다니다; 여론 조사

를 하다 advocate ↔ attack, impugn, oppose, thwart, impede

aerate [ɛ əreit, éiərèit] v. 공기를 쐬다, 통풍시키다; 혈액에 산소를 공급하다

aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water aerate ↔ remove air from

aerial [ɛ əriəl, eiíər-] a. 공기의 : of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere

aerial : air :: aquatic : water aerial : air :: ferrous : iron

aesthete [ésθi:t] n. 심미안이 있는 사람, 예술 애호가 1. one who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty,

as in art or nature 2. one whose pursuit and admiration of beauty is regarded as

excessive or affected aesthete : art :: gourmand : food aesthete ↔ person insensitive to beauty

aesthetics [esθétiks / iːs-] n. 미학 : a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty,

art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty

aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge epistemology 인식론

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gourmet : food :: aesthete : art gourmet [gúərmei] 미식가, 식도락가

philistine ↔ aesthete philistine (예술이나 문화적 가치를 경멸하는) 속물; 문외한

affable [ǽfəbəl] a. 상냥한 : characterized by ease and friendliness

affable : gracious :: (A=B) affable : ease :: (A하면 B하기 쉬운 성격을 지님) affable ↔ irascible, testy, uncommunicative, reticent, solitary irascible 성미 급한, 화를 잘 내는 testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한, 성깔 있는(irritable)

affability ↔ surliness, sullenness, irascibility surly 무뚝뚝한, 붙임성 없는, 퉁명스러운 sullen 시무룩한, 무뚝뚝한; (날씨, 소리 등이) 음침한

affectation [æfektéi∫:ən] n. 꾸미기, 가장; 허세 1. a show, pretense, or display 2. a. behavior that is assumed rather than natural;

artificiality b. a particular habit, as of speech or dress, adopted to give a false impression

affectation ↔ artlessness, ingenuousness

affected [əféktid] a. 영향을 받은; 잘난체하는, 허세부리는 1. influenced ; changed ; emotionally stirred or moved 2. assumed or simulated to impress others

posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B가 없는 사람) tolerant 관 한, 너그러운; 용서하는

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction :: dishonest : integrity (A lack B) disaffect 정떨어지게 하다, 호의를 잃게 하다 to cause to lose

affection or loyalty disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially against authority

commit 위임하다, 맡기다; 입장을 분명히 하다, 언명하다; (죄 등

을) 범하다, 저지르다 conviction 유죄 (판결); 신념, 확신 a fixed or strong belief

officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, 형용사 : 동사) officious 참견하기 좋아하는, 주제넘게 나서는 meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다

disaffected ↔ content, contented affected ↔ natural, artless, ingenuous ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는

affection [əfékʃən] n. 애정, 호의 : FONDNESS apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) embrace, kiss : affection :: shrug : indifference :: frown : displeasure (A = B를 보여주는 행동) shrug to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt,

disdain, or indifference scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl 얼굴을 찡그리다 hurl 내던지다, 팽개치다; 전복시키다; 욕설을 퍼붓다

swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (sign) swagger 뽐내며 걷다, 허풍을 떨다 bravado 허장성세 caress [kərés] 애무하다, 쓰다듬다; 부드럽게 하다

obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection obeisance 경례, 경의의 표현; 존경 embrace 껴안다; (제안 등을) 받아들이다; 알아차리다, 깨닫다

mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection mercurial 수은의;수성(水星)의;활발한,명랑한;변덕스러운,경박한 fickle 변덕스러운, 불안정한; 마음이 잘 변하는

antipathy ↔ affection

affidavit [æ fədéivit] n. 선서, 진술서 : a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath

or on affirmation affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A is a kind of B)

affiliate [əfílieit] v. 가입시키다, 합병하다;유래를...에 구하다, ...으로

돌리다 1. to adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or

branch 2. to associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary,

employee, or member 3. to assign the origin of

aligned ↔ awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly adjusted, warped, irregular

affiliation [əfìliéiʃən] n. 가입, 가맹; 동맹, 연합; 협력; 결연 : to bring or receive into close connection as a member or

branch affiliation ↔ dissociation

affinity [əfínəti] n. 인척 (관계); 유사; 좋아함, 애호 1. a natural attraction or feeling of kinship 2. relationship by marriage 3. an inherent similarity between persons or things

affinity ↔ antipathy, aversion, hideousness, repugnance hideous [hídiəs] 무서운, 소름끼치는, 추한; 극악무도한

affix [əfíks] v. 첨부하다, 덧붙여 쓰다; (죄, 책임 등을) 뒤집어씌우다 1. to secure to something; attach 2. to impute; attribute 3. to place at the end; append

affix ↔ detach

afflict [əflíkt] v. 괴롭히다 : torture, gruel, distress, wreak, inflict, tribulate

affliction [əflíkʃən] n. 심한 고통 1. a condition of pain, suffering, or distress 2. a cause of pain, suffering, or distress

affluent [ǽflu(ː)ənt, əflúː-] a. 풍부한 : having a generously sufficient and typically increasing

supply of material possessions affluent ↔ needy, indigent indigent [índidʒənt] 살기 어려운, 가난한 experiencing want or need;

impoverished impecunious ↔ wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious 무일푼의 lacking money; penniless

penury ↔ affluence penury 극빈, 결핍

affront [əfrʌ nt] v. 모욕하다 n. 무례한 언동, 모욕 (=OFFEND : to cause displeasure, anger) : to insult intentionally, especially openly : an open or intentional offense, slight, or insult

affront ↔ please(칭찬, 찬사하다 류) (*countenance(찬’성’하다 류)는 오답)

agape [əgéip] adv. adj. 입을 딱 벌리고(벌린), 어이없이(는), 열중하여

(한) agape ↔ closed

aghast [əgǽst, əgɑ ːst] a. 혼비백산한 : SHOCKED : struck by shock, terror, or amazement

agenda [ədʒéndə] n. (회의) 의사일정 : a list or program of things to be done or considered

program : concert :: agenda : meeting repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting curriculum : class :: menu : dish curriculum, syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting itinerary : travel, trip :: agenda : meeting minute : agenda :: log : itinerary (주요 기록 사항) minute 의사록 a note or summary covering points to be remembered itinerary 여정, 여행 일정, 여행안내서 log; a record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events

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of navigational importance

aggrandize [əgrǽndaiz, ǽgrəndàiz] v.t. 확 하다, (지위를) 높이

다, (세력, 재산 등을) 늘리다 : to make appear great or greater; praise highly

aggrandize ↔ disparage, efface aggrandize ↔ downplay aggrandize ↔ relegate (undermine은 2순위?(중국 2회-6-31번)) relegate 좌천시키다

effacing ↔ aggrandizing efface 지우다, 말살하다; 존재를 희미하게 만들다 conspicuous 눈에 잘 띄는; 이목을 끄는

aggravate [ǽgrəvèit] v.t. 악화시키다 : to make worse, more serious, or more severe; intensify

unpleasantly succor ↔ aggravate succor [sʌkər] 구조, 구원하다 to give assistance to in time of want,

difficulty, or distress aggravate ↔ alleviate, ameliorate alleviate 경감, 완화하다 to make (pain, for example) more bearable ameliorate 개선/개량하다 to make or become better; improve

console ↔ aggravate grief allay ↔ increase the intensity of, aggravate, intensify allay [əléi] 가라앉히다, 완화시키다

aggregate [ǽgrigèit] v. n. a. 모으다, 집합체, 집합한 : to collect or gather into a mass or whole

coalesce ↔ disaggregate coalesce 합체, 합병하다

disaggregate, disintegrate ↔ join together aggregate ↔ isolated units (명) aggregate ↔ disperse (동) aggregated ↔ detached, separated, unfastened, part, split, polarized, bifurcated, broken apart

aggressive [əgrésiv] a. 적극적인, 공격적인 : inclined to behave in a hostile fashion

aggressive ↔ even meaning, even-tempered

aggrieve [əgríːv] v.t. 괴롭히다, 고통주다 : DISTRESS 1. to distress; afflict 2. to inflict an injury or injuries on

aggrieve ↔ gratify, comfort, mollify, appease, conciliate (energize, inspire는 오답) gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 to please or satisfy; to give what is

desired to aggrieved ↔ buoyant

aghast [əgǽst] adj. 경실색한, 간담이 서늘한 : struck by shock, terror, or amazement

aghast ↔ undismayed dismay 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or

apprehension 2. to cause to loose enthusiasm; disillusion 3. to upset or alarm

agile [ǽdʒəl] adj. 민첩한, 날렵한; 활발한, 활기 넘치는 1. characterized by quickness, lightness, and ease of

movement; nimble 2. mentally alert

agile : movement :: agile : mobility :: agile ↔ sluggish agility ↔ dilatoriness, hesistancy dilatory 꾸물거리는, 지연하는; 질질 끄는 hesistancy, hesistance 망설임, 주저, 우유부단

agitate [ǽdʒitèit] v. 휘젓다; 격앙시키다, 선동하다

1. to cause to move with violence or sudden force 2. to upset; disturb 3. to arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the

written or spoken word; debate * agitation n.

agitated : equanimity :: (A에는 B의 속성이 없는) coolheaded ↔ excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled agitate ↔ soothe agitation ↔ sang-froid, repose sang-froid 침착, 냉정

agog [əgɑ g / əgɔ g] adj. 흥분한/열망하는 : full of intense interest or excitement : EAGER

agog ↔ indifferent

agonize [ǽgənaiz] v. 몹시 괴로워하다; 필사적으로 노력하다 1. to suffer extreme pain or great anguish 2. to make a great effort; struggle

agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B)

agony [ǽgəni] n. 심한 고통, 몸부림 : ANGUISH, TORTURE : intense pain of mind or body

agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively

painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) paramount of chief concern or importance; supreme in rank, power, or

authority

agrarian [əgrɛ əriən] a. 농업의 agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade mercantile [mə :rkəntì:l] of or relating to merchants or trade

airtight [ɛ ərtàit] a. 공기가 빠져나가지 못할, 빈틈없는 : having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole

airtight : loophole :: (A = B가 없는) foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak foolproof 누구나 할 수 있는, 아주 간단한

alacrity [əlǽkrəti] n. 어떤 일에 민활함, 선뜻 나섬 : promptness in response; cheerful readiness

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry 농업, 경작, 축산; 검약, 절약 procrastinate 미루다, 꾸물 다

alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, 명 : 형) alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE) apathetic 무표정의; 냉담한, 무관심한 temerity foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness timid lacking self-confidence; shy; fearful and hesitant

alacrity ↔ dilatoriness, hesitancy, hesitance, reluctance, delay, foot-dragging dilatory; intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay foot-dragging; 지체, 더딤, 주저

alacrity ↔ recalcitrance, sluggishness recalcitrant marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority

or guidance

albino [ælbáinou / -bíː-] n. 백색종 (선천성 색소 결핍증에 걸린 사람, 동물, 식물)

albino : pigment :: prairie : tree pigment 안료, 색소 prairie 초원 지 treeless grassland

alchemy [ǽlkəmi] n. 연금술, 마력 alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy nostrum 엉터리 약; (사회, 정치 문제 해결의) 특효약

alibi [ǽləbài] n. 변명 : an explanation offered to avoid blame or justify action; an

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excuse alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory exculpatory 해명이 되는, 죄를 벗겨주는, 변명의 admonitory 충고의, 훈계의

alibi : exculpatory :: admonishment : warning alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is for B) sophism 궤변, 아전인수

alienate [éiljən`eit] v. 멀리하다, 떼어 놓다, 소외하다 / 재산, 권리 등을 양도하다

1. To cause to become unfriendly or hostile; estrange: alienate a friend; alienate potential supporters by taking extreme positions. ESTRANGE

2. To cause to become withdrawn or unresponsive; isolate or dissociate emotionally: The numbing labor tended to alienate workers.

3. To cause to be transferred; turn away: “He succeeded . . . in alienating the affections of my only ward” (Oscar Wilde).

4. Law. To transfer (property or a right) to the ownership of another, especially by an act of the owner rather than by inheritance.

alienate ↔ unite, reunite

align [əláin] v. 정렬시키다, 일직선으로 하다, (단체, 당 국가 등을) 제휴(연합)시키다

예; aligned nations 제휴한 여러 나라 align ↔ divide, disjoin aligned ↔ awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly adjusted, warped, irregular awry [ərái] 구부러져, 비스듬히; 빗나간, 잘못된 affiliate 합병시키다, 한 패로 끌어들이다, 제휴시키다 warp [wɔ:rp] 구부리다, 일탈시키다, 왜곡하다

allay [əléi] v. 가라앉히다, 완화시키다 : ALLEVIATE 1. to reduce the intensity of; relieve 2. to calm or pacify; set to rest

allay : relief :: (A는 B를 할 수 있게 해 줌) allay ↔ increase the intensity of, excite, galvanize, arouse, exacerbate, foment, aggravate, compel, intensify, irritate, provoke exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;

aggravate

allegiance [əlíːdʒəns] n. 충성 : devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause

authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) pundit 학자, 전문가 partisan 동지, 지지자

renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith renegade 변절자, 배반자 apostate [əpásteit] 배교자, 탈당자 apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's

principles, or a cause

allegory [ǽləgɔ ːri / -gəri] n. 비유; 우화 : the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and

actions of truths or generalizations about human existence

allegory : fiction :: (B use A)

allergy [ǽlə:rd3i] n. 알레르기; 반감, 혐오 1. an abnormal high sensitivity to certain substances, such

as pollens, foods, or microorganisms 2. (informal) an adverse sentiment; antipathy

allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument (A is a kind of B)

alleviate [əlíːvièit] v. 완화하다 : RELIEVE, LESSEN : to make (as suffering) more bearable

abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax :: console : grief (A remove B) alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor :: assuage : sorrow alleviation : immitigable :: 완화 : 완화할 수 없는 alleviate ↔ intensify, exacerbate, increase intensity exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;

aggravate

alliterate [əlítərèit] v. 두운을 사용하다 alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface * alliteration exaggeration, duplication의 뉘앙스(alliterate means repetition of sounds, indicating lengthiness or wordiness. Remove, on the other hand, means cut short or make more concise)

/ blazon means proclaim widely, like in obvious and open manner, while efface (as in self-effaced) mean behaving modest or reserved. blazon 과시, 자랑하다; 공표하다, 퍼뜨리다 efface 지우다, 말살하다; 존재를 희미하게 만들다

alloy [əlɔ i] v. 섞다, 합금을 만들다, 품질을 떨어뜨리다 : to debase by the addition of an inferior element

alloy : purity :: thin : density (A reduce B)

allowance [əláuəns] n. (특정목적의) 할당량 : a share or portion allotted or granted

pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A is small B) pittance 적은 생활비/수입; 소량 rivulet 시내, 개울

allude [əlúːd] vi. 넌지시 말하다 : to make indirect reference

intimate : communicate :: allude : refer intimate 넌지시 비추다, 암시하다; 공표하다

allude ↔ mention explicitly

ally [əlái] n. 동맹자, 협력자 ally ↔ adversary, rival

aloft [əlɔ (ː)ft / -lɑ -] ad. 위에 높이 : at or to a great height

founder ↔ stay aloft founder 창립자; 가라앉히다, 붕괴하다

groundedly ↔ aloft

aloof [əluːf] a. 쌀쌀 맞은, 냉담한 : removed or distant either physically or emotionally

aloof : objectivity :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : solitude :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : reserve :: sluggish : torpor (A는 B의 성격을 지님) aloof : associate :: politic : offend (OPPOSITE) (형 : 동) politic 현명한, 분별이 있는; 시기적절한; 교활한, 빈틈없는

aloof ↔ having affinity, gregarious, intimate gregarious 군집성의; 사교적인(sociable); 무리의, 군집의

alphabetical [ælfəbétikəl] a. 알파벳순의 dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological annals 연 기; 연보

altruism [ǽltruːìzəm] n. 이타주의 altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise (A have B) connoisseur 감정가, 전문가 expertise 전문적 기술/지식

altruism ↔ egocentrism, egoism vulture ↔ altruist vulture 독수리, 콘도르; 욕심쟁이, 사기꾼

amalgamate [əmǽlgəmèit] v. 혼합하다, 합병하다 : to unite in or as if in an amalgam, especially to merge into a

single body

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amalgamation : disintegrated :: (OPPOSITE) amalgamate ↔ separate, isolate, disintegrate, insulate insulate 부도체로 입히다; 분리, 격리하다

amalgamation ↔ disintegration

amass [əmǽs] v. 축적하다 : ACCUMULATE : to gather together for oneself, as for one's pleasure or

profit; accumulate amass ↔ dissipate

ambiguous [æmbígjuəs] a. 분명치 않은, 애매모호한 : doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or

indistinctness ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth (LACK) mendacious 거짓의, 허위의; 정직하지 못한

ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant 뻔뻔스러운; 뻔한; 떠들썩한

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude 진부한 이야기, 상투적인 문구; 평범, 단조로움 banal 진부한, 흔해빠진, 시시한(trivial)

equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent, incongruous oxymoron 모순 어법 [for example, crowed solitude] incongruent 일치하지 않는, 부적당한

unequivocal : ambiguity :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) blemish an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect

ambivalent [æmbívəlent] a. 양면 가치의; 동요하는 : simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings

toward an object, person, or action * ambivalence [æmbívələns] n. 양면가치, 마음의 동요 1. the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as

love and hate, toward a person, an object, or an idea 2. uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course to

follow ambivalent ↔ committed, definite, settled, unequivocal committed 전념하는, 헌신적인

amble [ǽmbəl] vi. 느릿느릿 걷다, n. 느린 걸음걸이 : SAUNTER

: to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll walk : amble :: talk : chat :: draw : doodle doodle 끼적거리다, 빈둥거리다

amble : wander (EQUAL) wander 헤매다, 어슬렁거리다

amble ↔ step/stride/walk quickly, scurry , march rapidly scurry (종종걸음으로) 급히 가다, 서두르다, 잰 걸음

ambrosial [æmbróuʒiəl] a. 아주 맛있는, 향기로운 extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food

mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous 달콤한, 감미로운

mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory 맛있는, 입맛 당기는

ambulatory [ǽmbjulətɔ ːri / -təri] v. 이동하는 ambulatory ↔ bedridden

ameliorate [əmíːljərèit, -liə-] v.t. 개선하다 : to make or become better; improve

ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation (EQUAL, 동사 : 명사) exacerbate 악화시키다; 분개시키다 to increase the severity,

violence, or bitterness of; aggravate depravation 타락, 부패, 악화 deprave 타락시키다, 부패시키다 to debase, especially morally;

corrupt

ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution (EQUAL, 동 : 동) ameliorate : improve :: persuade : convince ameliorate ↔ aggravate, exacerbate damper ↔ ameliorator damp 축축하게 하다; 약하게 하다, 기를 꺾다

amenable [əmíːnəbəl, əméŋə-] a. (충고, 지시 등을) 잘 따르는 : readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate

amenable ↔ inimical, intransigent, obdurate, recalcitrant inimical 불리한, 해로운; 적개심 있는, 적의로 가득한 intransigent 타협/양보하지 않는; 완고한

amend [əménd] v. 개선/수정하다 1. to change for the better; improve 2. to remove the faults or errors in; correct 3. to alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by

adding, deleting, or rephrasing corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify

amenity [əménəti] n. 쾌적함, 상냥한 태도 : something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or

enjoyment amenity : comfortable :: paradigm : exemplifying amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful honorarium [ànərɛ əriəm] (받는 쪽에서 청구하지 않은) 사례금, 보수

금 grateful 감사하는, 고마워하는; 감사를 나타내는

amenity ↔ nuisance

amiable [éimiəbəl] a. 상냥한 : being friendly, sociable, and congenial

inimical, rancorous ↔ friendly, amiable, amicable

amicable [ǽmikəbəl] a. 우호적인 : PEACEABLE : characterized by friendly goodwill

amicable : malign :: negligible : elevate (OPPOSITE) malign 욕설을 하다 to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statement

about; speak evil of elevate 들어올리다, 승진시키다; 고상하게 하다

amicable : friendliness :: (같은 뜻) inimical ↔ friendly, amiable, amicable asperity ↔ amicableness amicable ↔ rancorous

amiss [əmís] adj. adv. 잘못된, 잘못하여 : IMPERFECTLY 1. out of proper order 2. not in perfect shape; faulty

amnesia [æmní:ʒə] n. 기억 상실, 건망증 : partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock,

psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness amnesia : memory :: enervation : vigor amnesia ↔ retention, remembrance, consciousness, awareness

amorphous [əmɔ ːrfəs] a. 무정형의 : SHAPELESS : having no definite form

amorphous : shape, structure :: errant, wandering : course :: ignorant : knowledge :: equivocal : certainty : disjointed : coherence errant 편력하는, (정도에서) 벗어난, (판단 등이) 잘못된 disjointed 따로따로 해체된; 혼란한, (말, 생각 등이) 지리멸렬한, 종

잡을 수 없는 amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy (LACK) lassitude 피곤함, 나른함 a state or feeling of weariness, diminished

energy, or listlessness amorphous ↔ defined, definite

amphibian [æmfíbiən] n. 양서류; 수륙 양용 비행기; 이중인격자

amplify [ǽmpləfài] v.t. 확 하다 : INCREASE 1. to make larger or more powerful; increase

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2. to add to, as by illustrations; make complete 3. to exaggerate 4. to produce amplification of

amplify ↔ mute, abridge mute 소리를 죽이다; (색조 등을) 부드럽게 하다

amplitude [ǽmplitjùːd ] n. 충분함 : FULLNESS 1. greatness of size; magnitude 크기 2. fullness; copiousness 충분한

amplitude ↔ meagerness meager 부족한, 결핍한; 여윈, 홀쭉해진

amulet [ǽmjəlit] n. 부적 : an object worn, especially around the neck, as a charm

against evil or injury amulet : evil :: helmet : injury (A prevent B)

anachronism [ənǽkrənìstic] n. 시 착오, 연 /날짜의 오기(誤記) 1. representation of someone as existing or something as

happening in other than the chronological, proper, or historical order

2. one that is out of its proper or chronological order * anachronistic a.

anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound anachronistic ↔ timely

anaerobic [ǽnəròubic, ænɛ əroubic] a. 산소 없어도 살 수 있는 : living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free

oxygen anaerobic ↔ living in oxygen, require oxygen, respiring respire 호흡하다; 한숨 돌리다

analgesia [ænəldʒí:zik, -dʒésik] 무통증 : a deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss

of consciousness analgesia ↔ sensitivity to pain

analgesic [`ænəld3í:zik] n. 진통제 analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation anesthetic 마취제

aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs aseptic 방부제

pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic :: symptom : palliative palliative 완화제

analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden :: stimulant : arouse soporific : alertment :: analgesic : pain

analogy [ənǽlədʒi] n. 유사 : SIMILARITY disparate ↔ analogous disparate [díspərit] fundamentally distinct or different in kind;

entirely dissimilar analogous ↔ lacking similarity

analysis [ənǽləsis] n. 분해 measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature synthesis ↔ analysis

anarchist [ǽnərkist] n. 무정부주의자 : one who rebels against any authority, established order,

or ruling power anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend apologist 변명/변호하는 사람

anarchy ↔ order

anathema [ənǽθəmə] n. 저주 : CURSE, EXECRATION 1. a formal ecclesiastical ban, curse, or excommunication 2. a vehement denunciation; a curse 3. one that is cursed or damned

4. one that is greatly reviled, loathed, or shunned anathema : curse :: theocracy : state (A is a kind of B) anathema 신권 정치; 신정(神政) → 신에 의해 다스려지는 state

anathema ↔ panegyric, blessing panegyric 칭찬의 말/글, 찬사(laudation)

ancestor [ǽnsestər, -səs-] n. 선조 heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom [ɛ ərlù:m] 세습 재산 bequest 유증, 유산, 유물 testator 유언자

scion ↔ ancestor scion [sáiən] 자손(의 한 사람)

anchor [ǽnkər] n. 닻; 고정 장치 v. 고정/정박시키다 anchor ↔ dislodge dislodge 제거하다, 몰아내다, 치우다, 쫓아내다

ancillary [ǽnsəlèri / ænsíləri] a. 보조의 : of secondary importance; auxiliary, helping

ancillary ↔ paramount

anecdote [ǽnikdòutidʒ] n. 일화 1. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident 2. anecdotes or anecdota secret or hitherto undivulged

particulars of history or biography 야사 anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction (PURPOSE) anecdote : story :: anecdote : narrative :: skit : play (A ∈ B) skit 풍자극, 촌극

anemic [əníːmik] a. 빈혈의; 무기력한 1. of, relating to, or suffering from anemia(빈혈) 2. lacking vitality; listless and weak * anemia [əní:miə] n. 빈혈; 무기력

anemia ↔ plethora plethora 과다, 과잉(overfullness); 적혈구 과다증, 다혈증

anemic ↔ hale, strong hale 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity or illness; sound

anesthetic [ænəsθétik] a. n. 마취의, 마취제 : lacking awareness or sensitivity

analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain soporific 수면제

vaccination : disease :: anesthesia : sensation sensation ↔ anesthesia anesthesia [ænisθí:ʒə] 마취, 마비

anhydrous [ænháidrəs] a. 무수의 : without water, especially water of crystallization

anhydrous ↔ wet

animation [æ nəméiʃən] n. 활기참 : ALIVE lassitude ↔ vim, verve, animation lassitude 피곤, 나른함; 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness,

diminished energy, or listlessness vim 정력, 원기, 열의 verve (예술 작품에서의) 열정, 기백; (일반적인) 생기, 기력

animus [ǽnəməs] n. 의향, 의도; 적개심, 증오심 1. an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition 2. a feeling of animosity; ill will

animus ↔ friendship, friendliness

annals [ǽnəlz] n. 연 기 표 1. a chronological record of the events of successive years 2. a descriptive account or record; a history 3. a periodical journal in which the records and reports of a

learned field are compiled

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dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological

annotate [ǽnətèit] 주석을 달다 to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss

annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition gloss 광택, 윤; 겉치레, 허식; 행간의 주, 해설, 용어 풀이

annoy [ənɔ i] v.t. 성가시게 하다, 화를 내다 1. to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome,

often repeated acts 2. to harass or disturb by repeated attacks

testy : annoy :: tractable : control (B하기 쉬운 = A) testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한 tractable 다루기 쉬운, 유순한

annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) gadfly 쇠파리; 귀찮게 구는 사람 churl 버릇없는 사람

maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) (x) maudlin 눈물이 헤픈, 지나치게 감상적인 effusively or tearfully

sentimental patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) patronize 단골로 삼다, 애용하다; 후원하다, 찬조하다; 생색을 내는

태도를 취하다 condescend 자신을 낮추다; 뻐기며 하다 to deal with people in a

patronizingly superior manner testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk (CHARACTER) balk [bɔ:k] 주저하다, 뒷걸음치다

annul [ənʌ l] v. 무효화하다, 폐기하다 1. to make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a

law; nullify 2. to obliterate the effect or existence of

annul ↔ make legal, reaffirm

anodyne [ǽnoudàin] n. 진통제 (analgesic, pain-killer) 형용사 뜻 1. capable of soothing or eliminating pain 2. relaxing 3. watered-down; insipid

anodyne : pain :: soporific : wakefulness (B는 A를 저하시킴) soporific 졸리게 하는, 최면성의 wakefulness 잠이 오지 않는

anodyne ↔ irritant

anomalous [ənɑ mələs / ənɔ m-] a. 변칙의 : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL

anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) paradigm 모범, 전형 blemish (명성 등을) 더럽히다, 손상하다 to mar or impair by a flaw anomalous ↔ conforming to norms, normal, typical

anomaly [ənáməli] adj. 변칙, 이례, 이상 1. deviation or departure from the normal or common order,

form, or rule 2. one that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to

classify * anomalous adj. 변칙적인, 파격의, 특이한

anomaly ↔ conformity to norms, predicted occurrence anomalous ↔ paradigmatic

anonymous [ənɑ nəməs / ənɔ nə-] a. 작자 미상의, 익명의 : not named or identified

anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite (A lack B) nonchalant 무관심한, 냉정한, 무심한 seeming to be coolly

unconcerned or indifferent anonymous : identify :: unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary unplumbed 잴 수 없는, 헤아릴 수 없는

answerable [ǽnsərəbl| á:n-] a.책임이 있는, 남에게 책임을 져야 할

answerable ↔ not responsible for, exempt from liability

antagonize [æntǽgənàiz] v.t. 적개심을 일으키다, 반 하다 : to incur the dislike of; to counteract

cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다

antagonistic ↔ synergic synergic, synergistic 상승 작용인

propitiate, placate, mollify ↔ antagonize propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 to conciliate; appease placate [pléikeit] to allay the anger of, especially by making

concessions; appease allay [əléi] 가라앉히다(calm); 누그러뜨리다

antecedent [æntisí:dənt] n. 선행자, 전례, 선조 a. 전의, 앞선 antecedent ↔ posterity posterity 후대, 후세, 자손, 후예

antediluvian [æntidilúːviən / -vjən] a. 태고의 : extremely old and antiquated

antediluvian : age :: colossal : size colossal [kəlásəl] 거 한, 량의

antenna [ænténə] n. 촉각, 더듬이 antennae : butterfly :: (B have A)

anterior [æntíəriər] a. 이전의 : coming before in time or development

anterior ↔ ensuing ensue 계속되다, 뒤따라 일어나다, 결과로 일어나다

anthology [ænθɑ lədʒi / -θɔ l-] n. 명문 선집 compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) compendium 해설, 개론; 요약

antibiotic [æntibaiɑ tik, -tai / -ɔ t-] n. 항생제 antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding coagulant 응고제

antic [ǽntik] n. 익살, 장난 a. 별난, 익살스러운 v. 장난치다 : a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture

antic : gravity :: (A lack B) facetious : speech :: antic : behavior facetious [fəsí:ʃəs] 익살맞은; 까부는, 경박한 playfully jocular;

humorous

anticipatory [æntísəpətɔ ːri, -tòu-] a. 예상한, 선구적인 retrospective ↔ anticipatory

antidote [ǽntidòut] n. 해독제 antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation :: remedy : disease balm 향유; 진통제, 위안

antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargy 무기력, 무관심

antidote ↔ intoxication

antipathy [æntípəθi] n. 혐오, 반감 : DISTASTE : settled aversion or dislike

antipathy ↔ affection, affinity, benevolence, fondness, predilection, proclivity, settled fondness predilection 편애, 좋아함(preference) proclivity 성향, 기질, 경향(tendency) agreeable : antipathy :: tedious : engrossment (A에는 B가 없음) agreeable 기호나 취미에 맞는, 기꺼이 동의하는

antique [æntíːk] a. 고 의 : ANCIENT 1. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period 2. of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or

characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome 3. of or dealing in antiques 4. old-fashioned

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antique ↔ recent

antiseptic [æntəséptik] n. 방부제 oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sedative 진정제 sterilize 살균/소독하다; 단종하다; 메마르게 하다

antithetic, antithetical [æntiθétik] adj. 조의; 조를 이루는, 정반 의

1. of, relating to, or marked by antithesis 2. being in diametrical opposition

drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic, antithetical ↔ congruent

anvil [ǽnvəl] n. 모루 hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar

apathetic [æ pəθétik] adj. 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한 (indifferent)

1. feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

2. feeling or showing little or no emotion; unresponsive apathetic ↔ motivated, vehement vehement 열정적인; 격렬한, 맹렬한

apathy [ǽpəθi] n. 냉담, 무관심 : IMPASSIVENESS : lack of feeling or emotion

ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) ennui [á:nwi] 권태, 지루함, 울적함 listless and dissatisfaction

resulting from lack of interest fervor 진지, 열정

apex [éipeks] n. 최고조 1. the highest point; the vertex 2. the point of culmination 3. the usually pointed end of an object; the tip

apex ↔ nadir [néidәr] apex : career :: summit : mountain (zenith : horizon은 오답)

aphorism [ǽfərìzəm] n. 경구 : ADAGE 1. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an

adage 2. a brief statement of a principle

aphorism : succinct :: bromide : hackneyed (A는 B의 성격을 지님) bromide 진부한 이야기

aphorism : brevity :: caricature : distortion (A는 B의 성격을 지님) pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusive (A is not B) euphemism 완곡어법 diffuse 널리 퍼진; 장황한

aphoristic ↔ prolix aphorism ↔ tirade

apiary [éipièri, -əri] n. 양봉장 apiary : bee(s) :: cage : pet

aplomb [əplɑ m, əplʌ ːm / əplɔ m] n. 침착, 자신감 : complete and confident composure or self-assurance

trepidation ↔ aplomb trepidation 전율, 공표; 불안, 동요

apocalyptic [əpɑ kəlíptik / əpɔ k] a. 계시의, 예언적인 : PROPHETIC

1. of or relating to an apocalypse 2. involving or portending widespread devastation or

ultimate doom 3. characterized by usually exaggerated predictions of or

allusions to a disastrous outcom 4. of a revelatory or prophetic nature

apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical (EQUAL) apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : irrational (EQUAL) inconsequential 중요하지 않은; 비논리적인

apocalyptic ↔ inconsequential, trivial, insignificant apocalyptic ↔ favorable, fortuitous, auspicious, pleasant

apocrypha [əpɑ krəfə / əpɔ kri-] n. 경외전; 출처가 의심스러운 글 : writings or statements of questionable authorship or

authenticity * apocryphal a. 가짜의, 저작자가 미심쩍은

apocrypha : canon :: (OPPOSITE) apocryphal : authentic :: (OPPOSITE) apocryphal : authentication :: shady : integrity (A lack B) shady a. 미심쩍은, 의심스러운, 수상한, 떳떳하지 못한

apocrypha ↔ canon apocryphal ↔ authentic, authenticated

apogee [ǽpədʒ　ì:] n. 원지점(↔ perigee), 절정, 정점 apogee ↔ lowliest, nadir

apologize [əpɑ lədʒàiz / əpɔ l-] v. 사과하다, 변호하다 1. to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault

or offense 2. to make a formal defense or justification in speech or

writing saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend saboteur 파괴자

patron : support :: apologist : defend patron 보호자, 후원자; 단골손님

apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EQUAL, 동 : 명) gibe 조롱하다, 우롱하다 to make taunting, heckling, or jeering

remarks derision 비웃음, 조롱

apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite 회개한, 후회의 빛을 보이는

apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel disciple : follow :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 동) disciple [disáipəl] 제자, 문하생; 신봉자

heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend (명(사람) : 명) heretic [héritik] 이단자, 이교도 conformity 일치, 유사, 적합; 순종, 복종

apologist ↔ critic, detractor detract (가치, 명성 등을) 줄이다, 손상하다; 비난하다 to draw or

take away; divert

apology [əpálədʒi] n. 사과; 변명; 임시변통 1. an acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon

for a fault or offense 2. a. a formal justification or defense b. an explanation or excuse 3. an inferior substitute

apology : regret :: gibe : derision (A show B)

apologist [əpɑ lədʒist / əpɔ l-] n. 변호(옹호)하는 사람 : one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something

apologist ↔ critic/detractor

apophasis [əpɑ fəsəs] n. 부정 어법 : allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned

apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox oxymoron 모순 어법

apoplectic [æ pəpléktik] a. 발작의, 몹시 성난 : greatly agitated; extremely angry

apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin (A >> B) emaciate 쇠약하게 하다 to make or become extremely thin

apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature :: incorrigible : tractable (OPPOSITE) callow (새가) 깃털이 나지 않은; 미숙한 lacking adult maturity or

experience; immature

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apoplectic ↔ calm

apostasy [əpɑ stəsi / əpɔ s-] n. 배교, 변절 : DEFECTION : renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a

previous loyalty apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B 버린 상태 = A) recant (자신의 이전 주장을) 철회/부인하다 heresy 이론, 반론, 이단

apostasy ↔ fidelity

apostrophe [əpɑ strəfi / əpɔ s-] n. 생략 부호 a mark(') used to indicate the omission of letters or figures,

the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence ellipsis 생략 (부호)

parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission * ellipsis (―, ..., ***) : omission * asterisk(*) : annotation(주석), indicate an omission or a reference

to a footnote * caret (^) : interpolation, indicate something is to be inserted in a

line of printed or written matter

apothecary [əpɑ θəkèri / apɔ θ-] n. 약국 주인 apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat (A sell B) (librarian (사서) : book 관계는 오답)

appall [əpɔ ːl] v.t. 오싹하게 하다 : to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay

appall ↔ embolden, nerve, encourage nerve; v.t. to give strength or courage to

apparel [əpǽrəl] v.t, 옷을 입히다; 꾸미다, 장식하다 1. to clothe or dress 2. to adorn or embellish

gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy 화려한; 미사여구를 사용한 showy in a tasteless or vulgar

way tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial 이발(사)의 sartorial 재봉사의, 의복의

appeal [əpíːl] vi. 간청하다 1. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help 2. to have recourse, as for corroboration; resort 3. (law) to make or apply for an appeal 4. to be attractive or interesting

recourse 의지, 의뢰 corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more

certain resort 의지하다, 호소하다, 도움을 청하다; (자주) 가다

remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal (A = B하는 사람) remonstrate 항의하다, 이의를 제기하다 to say or plead in protest,

objection, or reproof

appealing [əpíːliŋ] a. 애원하는; 매력적인, 흥미를 끄는 : PLEASING

appealing ↔ noisome noisome 역겨운, 고약한; 건강에 나쁜, 해로운

appease [əpíːz] v.t. 달래다, 진정시키다 : CALM 1. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe 2. to satisfy or relieve 3. to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting

concessions, often at the expense of principle appease ↔ aggravate, exacerbate roil ↔ clarify, appease roil (휘저어서) 흐리게 만들다; 시끄럽게 하다, 화를 돋우다

rile, roil, vex ↔ pacify, appease, soothe rile; to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid); roil roil 1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2.

to displease or disturb; vex

appellation [æpəléiʃən] n. 명명, 이름, 칭호 1. a name, title, or designation 2. the act of naming designation (관직, 지위 등에서의) 지명, 임명

foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative, designatory

appetite [ǽpitàit] n. 식욕, 욕망 1. an instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or

drink 2. a strong wish or urge

appetite : indulge :: voracity ↔ lack of appetite voracity 식, 폭음; 탐욕

applause [əplɔ ːz] n. 박수갈채, 칭찬 * applaud v.t. 박수를 보내다; 칭찬하다 : to express approval, especially by clapping the hands

applaud ↔ disparage mirth : laughter :: approval : applause (B represent A) mirth 환희, 유쾌함, 소동, 웃음 gladness and gaiety, especially when

expressed by laughter

applicant [ǽplikənt] n. 지원자 remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

appoint [əpɔ int] v.t. 임명하다 appoint : official :: cast : actor

apposite [ǽpəzit] a. 적절한, 관계있는 : APT : strikingly appropriate and relevant

apposite : relevant :: (EQUAL) apposite ↔ extraneous, irrelevant extraneous 관계없는, 본질에서 벗어난; 외부로부터의

appreciable [əpríːʃiəbəl] a. 평가할 만한, 알아볼 수 있는 : capable of being perceived or measured

appreciable : perceive :: tenable : defend (A이면 B할 수 있는) appreciable ↔ imperceptible ponderable ↔ inappreciable ponderable considerable enough to be weighed or assessed;

appreciable

apprehension [æ prihénʃən] n. 불안, 두려움; 이해 1. fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread 2. the act of seizing or capturing; arrest 3. the ability to apprehend or understand; understanding

apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) apprehensible [æprihénsebl] a. 이해할 수 있는, 감지될 수 있

는 capable of being understood apprehensible : perceive :: (감지할 수 있는 : 감지하다)

apprehensive [æprihénsiv] a. 불안한, 염려하는 apprehensive : dire :: (A << B)

apprise [əpráiz] v. 알리다, 통지하다 : to give notice to; inform

apprise : information :: admonish : warning apprise ↔ withhold information When he was apprised of the dangerous weather conditions, he decided to postpone his trip.

apprentice [əpréntis] n. 초심자 : novice

approbation [æproubéiʃən] n. 칭찬, 승인 : COMMENDATION, PRAISE

1. an expression of warm approval; praise 2. official approval

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praise : approbation :: demur : objection :: cajole : blandishment (EQUAL, 동 : 명) demur 반 하다 to voice opposition; object

censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) reprehensible 비난받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke or censure;

blameworthy endorse : approbation :: (A represent B) approbation ↔ execration, condemnation execration 혐오, 저주

approachable [əpróut∫əbl] a. 접근할 수 있는, 가까기 하기 쉬운 예; an approachable man 친해지기 쉬운 사람 approachable : intimate 친해지기 쉬운 : 친한 (A이면 B하다)

appropriate [əpróuprièit] a. 적합한 : FITTING : suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or

place; fitting meet ↔ inappropriate, unsuitable apt ↔ extremely inappropriate apt 적절한, 적합한; 영리한

appropriate [əpróuprièit] v. (특정 목적에) 사용/전용하다 1. to set apart for a specific use 2. to take possession of or make use of exclusively for

oneself, often without permission lurk : wait :: abscond : depart lurk 숨어서 기다리다, 잠복하다

lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate appropriate ↔ surrender appropriate ↔ demise demise 사망, 서거; 양도

approve [əprúːv] v.t. 찬성하다, 승인하다 1. to consider right or good; think or speak favorably of 2. to consent to officially or formally; confirm or sanction

substantiate ↔ disapprove substantiate 확증하다; 구체화하다, 실현시키다

approximate [əprɑ ksəmèit / -rɔ k-] a. 략의 1. almost exact or correct 2. very similar; closely resembling

paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim 똑같은 말로, 말 그 로 using exactly the same words;

corresponding word for word stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration

apron [éiprən] n. 보호판, 앞치마 : a shield to protect against erosion (as of a waterway) by

water lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect (PURPOSE) drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing (A protect B) drop cloth (페인트칠을 할 때 등의) 방울막이 천

apropos [æ prəpóu] a. 적절한 : PERTINENT apropos ↔ irrelevant

apt [æpt] a. 적절한, 영리한 : READY, LIKELY 1. exactly suitable; appropriate 2. having a natural tendency; inclined 3. quick to learn or understand

apt ↔ extremely inappropriate, unlikely aptness ↔ unsuitability

aquarium [ekwɛ (:)əriəm] n. 수조, 수족관 aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree

aquatic [əkwǽtik, əkwɑ t- / əkwɔ t-] a. 물의

aquatic : water :: aerial : air :: arboreal : tree :: sidereal : star

aqueous [éikwiəs, ǽk-| éik-] a. 물의 aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron 물의 : 물 :: 철의 : 철

aqueduct [ǽkwədʌ kt] n. 수로 : a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity of

flowing water aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood vessel 배; 용기, 그릇; 혈관, 도관

aquifer [ǽkwəfər, ɑ ːk-] n. 수층(지하수를 내장한 침투성 지층) mineshaft, shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 들어가는 통로) shaft [채광] 수갱 mineshaft; a vertical, sloping passageway made in the earth for finding

or mining ore and ventilating underground excavations lode 광맥; (비유적) 풍부한 원천/공급

arachnid [ərǽknid] n. 거미류 절지동물 (거미, 지네 등) spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit (A ∈ B)

arbiter [á:rbitər] n. 중재자, 조정인 1. one chosen or appointed to judge or decide a disputed

issue; an arbitrator 2. one who has the power to judge or ordain at will

arbiter : decide :: broker : negotiate (A는 B가 잘 되도록 돕는 사람) (consultant : examine 관계는 오답) initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter

arbor [á:rbə:r] n. 나무 그늘의 휴식 장소 arbor : shelter :: hedgerow : fence (A ∈ B, 혹은 A는 B의 기능을 함) hedgerow 생울타리

arboreal [ɑːrbɔ ːriəl] a. 나무의 arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars :: aquatic : water

arboretum [ɑ ːrbəríːtəm] n. 수목원 arboretum : wilderness ::(B lack A) wilderness 황야, 황무지, 무인 지 arboretum : tree :: arboretum : trees ::

arcane [ɑːrkéin] a. 불가사의한 : known or understood by only a few

arcane ↔ well-known

archaic [ɑːrkéiik] a. 고 의; 고풍의, 낡은 : ANTIQUATED 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of a much earlier, often

more primitive period 2. no longer current or applicable; antiquated 3. of, relating to, or characteristic of words and language that

were once common but are now used chiefly to suggest an earlier style or period

archaic : currency :: irrelevant : pertinency :: evanescent : permanence :: meteoric : constancy (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE) evanescent ; vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor meteoric 유성의; 일시적인

archaic : current : evanescent : perpetual archaic ↔ current

archaism [ɑ ːrkiìzəm, -kei-] n. 고어, 고풍 : an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression

archaism ↔ modern diction, neologism

archetype [ɑ ːrkitàip] 원형, 전형 PROTOTYPE 1. an original model or type after which other similar things

are patterned; a prototype 2. an ideal example of a type; quintessence

harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify (EQUAL, 명 : 동) harbinger 선구자; 전조, 조짐 one that indicates or foreshadows what

is to come; a forerunner

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presage 예감, 육감; 전조, 조짐; 예지, 선견

archipelago [ɑ ːrkəpéləgòu] n. 군도, 다도해 : a group of islands

archipelago : island :: range (산맥) : mountain :: chain : link :: school : fish

archipelago : islands :: grove : trees :: galaxy : stars :: bouquet : flowers grove 작은 숲; 과수원

oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean :: glade : wood glade 숲 속의 빈터

architect [ɑ ːrkitèkt] n. 건축가 choreographer : movement :: architect : building (A compose B) (sculptor : statue 관계는 오답)

archive [ɑ ːrkaiv] n. 공문서 보관소 1. often archives a place or collection containing records,

documents, or other materials of historical interest 2. a repository for stored memories or information

archive : book :: museum : painting archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal [á:rsənəl] 무기고

archive : records :: museum : artifacts, paintings book : library :: file : archive

archness [ɑːrtʃnis] n. 주요함/교활함 archness ↔ straightness archness ↔ subordinate/obedience

arch [ɑ:rt∫] n. 아치, 만곡 a. 주요한, 주된; 장난기 있는 1. chief; principal 2. mischievous; roguish

roguish [róugiʃ] 깡패의, 건달의; 장난치는, 짓궂은 archness ↔ straightness archness ↔ subordinate, obedience

arctic [ɑ ːrktik] a. 몹시 추운, 북극의 : FRIGID : extremely cold

torrid ↔ arctic

ardent [á:rd:ənt] adj. 정열적인, 열심인; 맹렬한 1. expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling;

passionate 2. displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or

devotion; fervent 3. a. burning; fiery b. glowing; shining

ardent ↔ arctic, dispassionate, apathetic, indifferent arctic a. 쌀쌀한, 냉담한 ardent : zeal :: ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness (A한 사람은 B한 성격을 가짐, 형:명)

ardor [ɑ ːrdər] n. 열정, 열의 : INTENSITY 1. fiery intensity of feeling 2. strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal 3. intense heat or glow, as of fire

assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor :: alleviate : strength torpor ↔ ardor torpor 마비 상태, 무감각, 무관심

arduous [ɑ ːrdʒuəs / -dju-] a. 힘겨운, 부단히 노력하는 1. demanding great effort or labor; difficult 2. testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous 3. hard to traverse, climb, or surmount

arduous ↔ facile, painless, undemanding facile [fǽsil] 경쾌한, 술술 움직이는; 손쉬운, 용이한

argot [ɑ ːrgout, -gət] n. 은어

argot ↔ standard language, common verbalism

aria [ａ:riə] n.영창, 아리아 opera : aria :: play : monologue

arid [ǽrid] a. 건조한 1. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to

support trees or woody plants 2. lacking interest or feeling; lifeless and dull * aridness n.

marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh 습지, 늪지 sodden 흠뻑 젖은(soaked)

arid ↔ damp, marshy aridness ↔ humidness

armory [ɑ ːrməri] n. 병기고 : a place where arms and military equipment are stored

pantry : food :: armory : weapons pantry 찬장

arousal [əráuzəl] n. 각성, 환기 stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A make B) pathogen 병원균, 병원체

arouse [əráuz] 깨우다; 환기시키다, 유발하다 1. to awake from or as if from sleep 2. to stir up; excite

phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B하기 힘든) quell, quash, quench ↔ arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up

arrest [ərést] v.t. (진행 등을) 저지하다; 체포하다 1. to stop; check 2. to seize and hold under the authority of law 3. to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example);

engage arrest ↔ vitalize, stimulate, advance, forward, promote

arresting [əréstiŋ] a. 이목을 끄는 : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE : attracting and holding the attention

blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A는 B하게 한다) blatant 뻔뻔스러운; 떠들썩한 odious 혐오할, 불쾌한 arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or

intense displeasure arresting ↔ banal

arrhythmic [əríðmik] a. 규칙적이 아닌 arrhythmic : regularity :: apathetic : concern arrhythmic ↔ exhibiting regularity, regular

arrogance [ǽrəgəns] n. 거만 : a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an

overbearing manner or presumptuous claims arrogant a. 1. making or disposed to make claims to unwarranted

importance or consideration out of overbearing pride 2. marked by or arising from arrogance arrogance the state

or quality of being arrogant; overbearing pride mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance (OPPOSITE) prodigal 낭비하는, 방탕한; 범한, 아낌없이 주는 meek 참을성 있는, 온순한, 온화한; 굴종적인

confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (명사 : 형용사) interrogatory 질문의; 의심스러워하는 asking a question; of the nature

of a question = interrogative intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (A하면 B하기 어렵다) defer 미루다, 연기하다; 양보하다, 존중하다 lassitude 피곤, 나른함, 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness,

diminished energy, or listlessness

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frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B)

arroyo [ərɔ iou] n. 작은 협곡 : a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream

grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel (A << B) grotto [grátou] 작은 동굴 a small cave or cavern

arsenal [ɑ ːrsənəl] n. 병기고 archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon

artery [ɑ :rtəri] n. 동맥; 간선 수로/도로 : a major route of transportation into which local routes

flow artery : plaque :: channel : silt (B = A의 흐름을 방해)

articulate [ɑːrtíkjəlit] a. 똑똑히 발음된 v.t. 명확히 말하다 a. 1. composed of distinct, meaningful syllables or words,

as human speech 2. expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language 3. characterized by the use of clear, expressive language v.t. 1. to pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate 2. to utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary

movements of the speech organs 3. to express in coherent verbal form; give words to 4. to fit together into a coherent whole; unify

articulate : talk :: graceful : move ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking ratiocinate [ræ∫iásənei/-tiɔ s-] 추론/추리하다 to reason methodically

and logically articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly articulate : speech :: graceful : movement articulate : unclear :: elaborate : sketchy

artifact [ɑ ːrtəfækt] n. 인공물, 가공품 1. an object produced or shaped by human craft, especially

a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest

2. a typical product or result archive : records :: museum : artifacts

artifice [ɑ ːrtəfis] n. 책략, 기만 1. an artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem 2. subtle but base deception; trickery 3. cleverness or skill; ingenuity

artifice ↔ candor

artisan [ɑ ːrtəzən / ɑ ːrtizǽn, --] n. 장인 : a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson

artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian (A ∋ B)

artless [ɑ ːrtlis] a. 꾸밈없는, 엉성한 1. having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit 2. free of artificiality; natural 3. lacking art, knowledge, or skill; uncultured and ignorant 4. poorly made or done; crude

artless : guile :: impartial : bias :: informal : ceremony blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish (명성 등을) 해치다, 더럽히다 impeccable 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는 guile n. 엉큼한 꾀, 간사함

artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication artlessness : calculating :: (A lack B) artless ↔ cunning, sly, disingenuous, affected, guileful, sophisticated, duplicitous, urbane, calculating sly 교활한, 간교한; 음흉한 disingenuous 솔직하지 않은, 부정직한, 불성실한 not

straightforward or candid; crafty ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는 = artless guile; treacherous cunning; skillful deceit

artlessness ↔ duplicity, guile duplicity 표리부동, 불성실

artlessness ↔ urbanity, sophistication, affectation, sophism urbanity 도시풍; 세련된 태도 refinement and elegance of manner;

polished courtesy affectation 꾸미기, 가장; 허세 부림, 잘난 체하는 태도 sophism 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation

ascend [əsénd] v. 올라가다, 상승하다; (지위 등이) 높아지다 v.i. 1. to go or move upward; rise 2. to slope upward v.t. 1. to move upward upon or along; climb 2. to succeed to; occupy * ascendency 우세, 우월, 지배력 Superiority or decisive

advantage; domination * ascendant = ascendent [əséndənt] n. 우세 : DOMINATION

a. 우세한 : a state or position of dominant power or importance

ascendant ↔ having no influence, having no power, declining ascendant ↔ nonentity nonentity 보잘 것 없는 사람/것; 상상의 것

ascend ↔ decline, go down ascendency ↔ lack of influence, nonentity

ascetic [əsétik] a. n. 금욕의, 금욕주의자 1. leading a life f self-discipline and self-denial, especially for

spiritual improvement 2. pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic; self-denying

ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody : intrusiveness :: ardent : zeal glutton 식가, 폭식가; 열중하는 사람 busybody 참견쟁이 intrusive 끼어드는; 침입하는

ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol (A는 B를 하지 않는다) teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages

ascetic ↔ sybarite, voluptuary, sumptuous, indulgent, hedonic sybarite 쾌락주의자 voluptuary [vəlʌ ptʃuèri] 주색에 빠진 사람, 방탕자 hedonism 쾌락주의 pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the

pleasures of the senses sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운

ascetic ↔ hedonist (명사) asceticism ↔ indulgence

aseptic [əséptik, ei-] a. 무균의 aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs anesthetic n. 마취제 a. 마취의; 무감각한, 둔감한

aseptic ↔ contaminated

aside [əsáid] n. 방백; 혼잣말; 여담, 탈선 1. a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and

supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage 2. a remark made in an undertone so as to be inaudible to

others nearby 3. a parenthetical departure; a digression

aside : digression :: overture : introduction (CHARACTER) aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt 발췌; 인용

ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

askew [əskjúː] adv. 비스듬히, 비뚤어지게 a. 비스듬한 : AWRY : to one side

awry [ərái] 구부러져, 비스듬히; (예측이) 빗나간, 잘못된 put up a poster askew 포스터를 비스듬하게 붙이다

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askew ↔ aligned, straight, orderly

aspect [ǽspekt] n. 외관, 외형 : EXPOSURE : a position facing a particular direction

transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location (A = B를 바꿈) transfigure 외관을 바꾸다, 변모시키다; 거룩하게 하다 (transfix : attention 관계는 오답) transfix 찌르다, 꿰뚫다(pierce); (공포 등으로) 꼼짝 못하게 하다

asperity [æspérəti] n. 퉁명스러움, 모질게 함 : HARSHNESS 1. a. roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or

climate b. severity; rigor 2. roughness of manner or of temper; ill temper or

irritability asperity ↔ mildness of temper, amicability, amiability, mildness, soothingness

aspersion [əspə ːrʒən, -ʃən] n. 비방, 중상; (가톨릭) 성수례 1. a. an unfavorable or damaging remark; slander b. the act of defaming or slandering 2. a sprinkling, especially with holy water

aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive (목적) canard 유언비어, 헛소문 deceive 속이다, 사기하다, 현혹시키다

aspersion : discredit :: sop : placate aspersion ↔ glowing tribute, flattery

aspiration [æspəréiʃən] n. 열망, 포부, 망; 염원, 소망; 흡기 1. expulsion of breath in speech 2. (linguistics) a. the pronunciation of a consonant with an aspirate b. a speech sound produced with an aspirate 3. the act of breathing in; inhalation 4. (medicine) the process of removing fluids or gases from

the body with a suction device 5. a. a strong desire for high achievement b. an object of such desire; an ambition

aspire v. 갈망하다; 치솟다 1. to have a great ambition or ultimate goal; desire strongly 2. to strive toward an end 3. to soar 날아오르다, 활공하다; (희망 등이) 솟구치다

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious 담한, 호기로운; 안하무인의; 기운찬, 활기찬 trepidation 전율, 공포, 놀람; 당황, 혼란 laconic 간결한; 무뚝뚝한 using or marked by the use of few words;

terse or concise aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람) quarry 채석하다; 고생하며 찾다, 뒤지다

assail [əséil] v. 습격/공격하다; (질문 등으로) 괴롭히다; (일 등을) 착수하다

1. to attack with or as if with violent blows; assault 2. to attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure 3. to trouble; beset

assail ↔ champion, endorse, extol, vindicate endorse 시인/승인하다, 지지하다, 격찬하다; 배서하다 vindicate 비난을 풀다; 옹호하다, 지지하다

assay [əséi] n. 시금(試金), 분석 v. 분석 시험(시금)하다 1. a. qualitative or quantitative analysis of a substance,

especially of an ore or drug, to determine its components

b. a substance to be so analyzed c. the result of such an analysis 2. an analysis or examination

assay : objective :: (CHARACTER)

assert [əsə ːrt] v.t. 단언하다, 주장하다 : to state or express positively

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny 비방, 중상 perjury 위증; 거짓, 허위

assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) 주장하다 : 장황하게 논의하다 :: 주의하다, 신경쓰다 : 안달하다, 야

단법석하다

assertive [əsə ːrtiv] a. 단정적인, 독단적인 : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion;

aggressively self-assured obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance belligerent 호전적인, 싸우기 좋아하는 assertive ; inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively self-

assured bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious 거만한, 오만한(arrogant); 주제넘게 참견하는 crudely or

loudly assertive; pushy garish 지나치게 화려한

unassertive ↔ brassy brassy 놋쇠로 만든, 놋쇠 빛깔의; 귀에 거슬리는, 시끄러운; 뻔뻔스

러운, 철면피의; 저속한

assess [əsés] v. 평가하다 1. to estimate the value of (property) for taxation 2. to set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a

tax or fine) 3. to charge (a person or property) with a special payment,

such as a tax or fine 4. to determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise

assess : value :: plumb : depth

asset [ǽset] n. 자산 asset ↔ liability liability 부채, 채무(debts)

assiduous [əsídʒuəs] a. 꾸준한; 근면한, 부지런한 1. constant in application or attention; diligent 2. unceasing; persistent

assiduous : diligent :: bootless : futile (CHARACTER) assiduous : sluggish :: (OPPOSITE) rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (OPPOSITE) rakish 방탕한, 난봉 부리는 slothful 나태한, 게으른 disinclined to work or exertion; lazy

assiduous ↔ indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss, careless indolent 게으른, 나태한 desultory 종잡을 수 없는, 막연한 slipshod 단정치 못한, 되는 로의 remiss 태만한, 성의 없는, 덜렁 는

assistance [əsíst:əns] n. 원조, 도움, 보조 1. the act of assisting 2. aid; help

assistance ↔ interference

assuage [əswéidʒ] v.t. 완화(진정)시키다, 만족시키다 : APPEASE, EASE

1. to make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe

2. to satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example) 3. to pacify or calm

assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor assuage ↔ intensify, inflame, exacerbate, vex, incite, aggravate, chafe, irritate

inflame 타오르게 하다, 자극하다, 흥분시키다 chafe 비벼서 따뜻하게 하다, 닳게 하다; 괴롭히다, 화나게 하다

gall ↔ calm, assuage gall 담즙; 쓸개; 쓰라림, 고통; 증오, 원한

assume [əsjúːm] v.t.

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1. to take upon oneself 책임지다 2. to undertake the duties of (an office) (지위를) 맡다 3. to affect the appearance or possession of; feign ...인 체하

다 4. to take for granted; suppose 가정하다

assume ↔ refuse, reject, abdicate, doubt, repudiate unassuming ↔ overbearing overbearing 거만한, 뽐내는

usurp ↔ assume rightfully usurp 폭력으로 입수하다, 강탈하다; 불법으로 사용하다

astounding [əstáundiŋ] a. 몹시 놀라는 astound 놀라게 하다 to astonish and bewilder

indelible : forget :: astounding : expect (A = B할 수 없는) indelible 지울 수 없는, 씻어버릴 수 없는; 자국을 남기는

astound : wonder :: appall : horror (A >> B, A = B 두 가지 설) appall 놀라게 하다, 오싹하게 하다 to fill with consternation or

dismay

astringent [əstríndʒənt] 수축시키는; 엄격한 : sharp and penetrating; pungent or severe

astringent :: pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker 주름을 잡다, 오그리다 to gather into small wrinkles or folds coagulant 응고제 congeal 1. to solidify by or as if by freezing 2. to coagulate; jell

astringent : contraction :: anesthetic : insensibility astringent :: pucker :: spark : ignite

astrology [əstrálədʒi] n. 점성술 astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry

astute [əstjúːt] a. 통찰력 있는, 빈틈없는 : having or showing shrewdness and discernment,

especially with respect to one's own concerns astute ↔ fatuous fatuous 어리석은, 어수룩한; 비현실적인

asunder [əsʌ ndər] adj. adv. 뿔뿔이, 산산이 떨어진 1. into separate parts or pieces 2. apart from each other either in position or in direction

asunder ↔ yoked, in a piece, united, conjoined, combined yoke 멍에; 거멀못, 꺾쇠(cramp); 속박, 지배 conjoined 결합된

asymmetrical [èisimétrikəl, æ s-] a. 비 칭의 circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (A lack B) protean [próutiən] 변화무쌍한 readily taking on varied shapes, forms,

or meanings

asylum [əsáiləm] n. 보호시설; 피난처, 도피처 : SANCTUARY asylum : extradition :: (filibuster : delay 관계는 오답) filibuster 의사 진행 방해 extradition (타국으로부터의 도주범 등의) 본국 송환

refugee : asylum :: (사람 : 장소)

atone [ətóun] v. (죄 값으로) 보상하다, 속죄하다 : EXPIATE : to make amends, as for a sin or fault

guilt : expiation, atonement :: fatigue : repose expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone repose 휴식, 휴양; 고요함, 평온; 침착, 평정

atrocious [ətróuʃəs] a. 극악한 : BARBARIC 1. extremely evil or cruel; monstrous 2. exceptionally bad; abominable

atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (A >> B) momentous of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or

consequence

atrophy [ǽtrəfi] n. 소모증, 위축; 퇴화, 쇠퇴 1. (pathology) a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ,

tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use 2. a wasting away, deterioration, or diminution

attentive [əténtiv] a. 주의 깊은; 친절한 1. giving care or attention; watchful 2. marked by or offering devoted and assiduous attention to

the pleasure or comfort of others 3. expressing affectionate interest through close observation

and gallant gestures inattentive adj. 부주의한

inattentive : enthusiasm :: attentive : fussy :: talkative : garrulous (A << B) fussy (하찮은 일에) 안달복달하는, 야단법석하는

attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B) officious 참견 잘하는, 주제넘게 나서는

attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다; 만지작거리다

fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B)

attenuate [əténjuèit] v. 약하게 하다, 가늘게 하다, 감소하다 a. 가늘어진, 묽어진, 약해진 1. to make slender, fine, or small 2. to reduce in force, value, amount, or degree; weaken 3. to lessen the density of; rarefy

attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed attenuate : density :: blunt : sharpness blunt v. 무디게 하다

attenuate : strength, length, thickness :: decelerate : speed :: enervate : vitality :: cool : temperature :: weaken : potence (B는 A의 대상, A는 B의 속성을 저하시킴)

(compact : extent는 오답) enervate; to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of potence, potency 권력, 세력; 효능, 유효성; 가능성, 잠재적 능력

attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength :: collapse : volume debilitate 쇠약하게 하다 = enervate

attenuate : force :: debase : value :: retrench : money debase (품질, 가치 등을) 떨어뜨리다, 낮추다 to lower in character,

quality, or value; degrade retrench 줄이다, 삭감하다; 제거하다 to cut down, reduce; to remove,

delete, or omit attenuate : thickness :: attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity attenuate ↔ intensify, strengthen attenuate ↔ expand, fortify, increase attenuated ↔ dense

attorney [ətə ːrni] n. 변호사, 리인 : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in

legal proceedings attorney : disbar :: student : expel attorney : defendant :: (EQUAL)

attrition n. 마찰, 마모; 감소, 축소; 회개 1. a rubbing away or wearing down by friction 2. a gradual diminution in number or strength because of

constant stress 3. a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel,

as through retirement, resignation, or death 4. (theology) repentance for sin motivated by fear of

punishment rather than by love of God unrepentant ↔ attritional

attribute [ǽtribjùːt] /[ətríbjuːt] n. 속성/특성 , v. ~탓으로 여기다 : impute, ascribe, accuse : a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in

legal

auction [ɔ ːkʃən] n. 경매 auctioneer : gavel :: referee : whistle :: judge : gavel :: surgeon : scapel

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(B는 A가 쓰는 도구)

audacious [ɔːdéiʃəs] a. 담한, 뻔뻔스러운, 조심성 없는 : ADVENTUROUS

1. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold 2. unrestrained by convention or propriety; insolent 3. spirited and original 기운찬, 활기찬

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE, 형 : 명) audacious : cautious :: audacious : careful :: abandon : inhibiting circumspect ↔ audacious, reckless, directly encountering, indescreet audacious ↔ timid, craven, timorous, pusillanimous (meticulous (작은 일에 신경을 쓰는) 는 오답)

audaciousness, audacity ↔ trepidation

audible [ɔ ːdəbl] a. 들리는 audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A << B) audible : stentorian :: discerned : obvious (A << B) stentorian 매우 큰 extremely loud

audition [ :dí∫ən] n. 듣기, 청각; 채용 심사, 오디션 interview : applicant :: audition : actor

augment [ɔːgmént] v. 증 하다 : to make (something already developed or well under way)

greater, as in size, extent, or quantity * augmentation n.

augmentation : abatement :: (OPPOSITE) augment ↔ retrench, abate retrench 삭감하다, 제거하다 to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete,

or omit abate 줄이다, 빼다

augmentation ↔ abatement, diminution, reduction abatement 감소, 감퇴, 경감 diminution a. the act or process of diminishing; a lessening or reduction b. the resulting reduction; decrease

augur [ɔ ːgər] n, v. 예언자, 점치다 : one held to foretell events by omens

intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict :: translator : interpret intercessor 중재자, 조정자 intercession 중재, 알선; 탄원, 주선

augur : predict :: pundit : opine pundit 학자 a source of opinion; a learned person opine 의견을 말하다, 생각하다 to hold or state as an opinion

worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury (A를 위해 B를 사용한다) maven : experience :: luminary : eminence :: pundit : opine (A = B를 가지고 있는 것) maven 박식한 사람 a person who has special knowledge or

experience; an expert luminary 발광체; 선각자

maven : experience :: augur : prediction

auspicious [ɔːspíʃəs] a. 길조의 : PROPITIOUS 1. attended by favorable circumstances; propitious 2. marked by success; prosperous

auspicious ↔ boding ill, untoward, ominous, unfavorable, ill-omened, unpropitious boding 불길한 전조/예감 an omen or foreboding, especially of evil

foreboding a sense of impending evil; an evil omen omen 전조, 조짐, 예시 → 길흉에 관계없음 ominous 불온한; 전조의, 전조가 되는 → 주로 흉조와 관계됨

inauspicious ↔ favorable

austere [ɔːstíər] a. 간소한, 엄격한 1. severe or stern in disposition or appearance; somber and

grave 2. strict or severe in discipline; ascetic 3. having no adornment or ornamentation; bare

abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE) embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (OPPOSITE) laconic : speech :: austere : design timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity baroque, lavish ↔ austere baroque 바로크 양식의; 지나치게 장식적인; 기괴한

authentic [ɔ:θéntik] a. 믿을 만한, 근거가 있는; 진짜의 : REAL, ACTUAL

1. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief

2. having a claimed and verifiable origin or authorship; not counterfeit or copied

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (OPPOSITE) hypocrisy 위선, 가장

discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic (OPPOSITE) discompose 뒤숭숭하게 하다, 혼란시키다 fabricate 제작하다, 조립하다; 꾸며내다, 조작하다

genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) subtle so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive chimera (神話) 키메라; 망상

authentic ↔ bogus bogus 모조의, 가짜의

authenticity ↔ spuriousness spurious 가짜의 lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not

genuine; false semblance ↔ authentic article semblance 외관, 외향; 비슷한 것, 닮은 것; 소량

authenticity [ɔ ːθentísəti] n. 확실성/진짜임 : real, actual : the quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy, or

genuine authentic ↔ bogus spuriousness ↔ authenticity semblance ↔ authentic article

authority [əθɔ ːriti, əθɑ r- / əθɔ r-] n. 권위(자) authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A) authority : superiority :: heretic : unconformity (A have B) heretic [héritik] 이단자, 이교도

contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센, 반항적인, 따르지 않는 obstinately disobedient

or rebellious; insubordinate hidebound 편협한, 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or

inflexible novelty 신기함, 참신함; 혁신 (innovation)

author : novel :: chef : banquet banquet 연회, 진수성찬

recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change recalcitrant (권력 등에) 저항하는, 다루기 어려운(unmanageable) =

refractory impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (A = 거짓 B를 가진 사람) usurp (폭력으로) 인수하다; 강탈하다; 횡령하다

autocracy [ɔːtɑ krəsi / -tɔ k-] n. 독재정권, 독재국가 : government by a single person having unlimited power

pundit : learning, knowledge :: autocracy : power

autonomy [ɔːtɑ nəmi / ɔːtɔ n-] n. 자율 : the condition or quality of being autonomous; independence

autonomy ↔ dependence, external control/rule

avarice [ǽvəris] n. 탐욕 : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY : excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain * avaricious 욕심 많은, 탐욕한

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avarice : money :: gluttony : food stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy (A = B 시킬 수 없는) stoic; one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy, grief,

pleasure, or pain avarice ↔ generosity avarice ↔ content avaricious ↔ contented avaricious : covet :: (A한 사람은 B한다, 형 : 동)

aver [əvə ːr] v. 단언하다, 주장하다 : to affirm positively; declare

aver ↔ deny, gainsay gainsay 부정하다; 반 하다

aversion [əvə ːrʒən / -ʃən] n. 혐오 1. a fixed, intense dislike; repugnance 2. one that is intensely disliked and avoided 3. a feeling of extreme repugnance accompanied by

avoidance or rejection aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) adulation excessive flattery or admiration

aversion : inclination :: (OPPOSITE) aversion ↔ affinity, penchant, propensity, proclivity, craving, inclination penchant 기호, 경향; 취미, 애호 a definite liking; a strong

inclination propensity 경향, 성향, 성벽 an innate inclination; a tendency proclivity 성향, 성벽, 경향 a natural propensity or inclination;

predisposition craving 갈망, 열망 a consuming desire; a yearning

averse ↔ inclined averse; having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly

disinclined

aviary [éivièri] n. 새장 aviary : bird :: aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree

avid [ǽvid] a. 열정적인, 몹시 탐내는 1. having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy 2. marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) reverence 존경

avid ↔ diffident, indifferent diffident 1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and timid 2. reserved in manner

avulsion [əvʌ lʃən] n. 잡아 찢기 : a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgically 1. (medicine) the forcible tearing away of a body part by

trauma or surgery 2. the sudden movement of soil from one property to

another as a result of a flood or a shift in the course of a boundary stream

avulsion ↔ suture, link suture [sú:tʃər] (상처 등의) 봉합; 솔기, 꿰매기

awash [əwɔ ːʃ, əwɑ ʃ / əwɔ ʃ] a. 물에 잠긴 : FLOODED : filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood

awash ↔ dry

awe [ɔː] n. 경외 : a mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder

inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might

sublime 장 한, 숭고한; 퇴고의, 빼어난; 경이로운 redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard (A = B를 가져오는) redoubtable 가공할; 존경할만한 arousing fear or awe

awe ↔ irreverence irreverence 불경, 불손

awkward [ɔ ːkwərd] a. 서투른, 꼴사나운 craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven 비겁한, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly

dexterous, lithe ↔ awkward lithe [laið] 유연한, 구부러지기 쉬운

svelte ↔ paunchy and awkward svelte 날씬한, 유연한; 온화한, 품위 있는 slender or graceful in figure

or outline; slim paunchy [pɔ :nt∫i] 올챙이배의 having a potbelly

deft ↔ awkward deft 솜씨 좋은 quick and skillful; adroit

awl [ɔːl] n. 송곳 awl : pierce :: pestle : hash pestle 막자, 절굿공이

awning [ɔ ːniŋ] n. 차일 awning : sun :: umbrella : rain (PROTECT)

awry [ərái] a. 비스듬한, 뒤틀린 : ASKEW 1. in a position that is turned or twisted toward one side;

askew 2. away from the correct course

awry ↔ aligned, orderly, planned, straight

axiomatic [æ ksiəmǽtik] a. 자명한 : SELF-EVIDENT : taken for granted

axiomatic ↔ controversial

B babble [bǽbəl] v.t. 쓸데없는 잡담을 하다

: to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK) parrot 앵무새; 뜻도 모르고 흉내 내다 to repeat or imitate especially

without understanding babble : talk :: scribble : write babble, waffle ↔ express succinctly waffle 잡담하다, 잡담으로 시간을 낭비하다, 둘러 다

backdrop [bǽkdrɑ p / bǽkdrɔ p] n. 배경 막 : a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage

placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista vista 전망, 조망; 회상

backhanded [bǽkhǽndid] a. 기울어진, 우회적인 : DEVIOUS : not straightforward

backhanded ↔ forthright

backset [bǽksèt] n. 곤두박질, 역행 : SETBACK 1. a setback or reversal 2. an eddy or countercurrent in water

eddy 소용돌이; 반주류 backset ↔ hike hike 하이킹; 인상 an often abrupt increase or rise

bacteria [bæktíəriə] n. 박테리아 bacteria : decomposition :: yeast : fermentation bacterium : colony :: citizen : nation (B is a set of A) host : parasite :: medium : bacterium

badge [bædʒ] n. 휘장; 상징, 증표 : a device or token especially of membership in a society or

group

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chevron : badge :: caisson : cart (A ∈ B) chevron (하사관 등의) 갈매기형 수장 caisson [kéisan] (수중 공사용) 상자; 격리실; 탄약 상자; 무기 운반

수레 cart 2륜 짐마차; 손수레

badger [bǽdʒər] v.t. 끈질기게 괴롭히다 : to harass or annoy persistently

badger : bother :: belabor : mention (A는 B를 길게 끈질기게 하는 것) belabor 오래도록 계속하다, 길게 늘어놓다; 욕하다, 조롱하다

badger : bother :: importune : request badger ↔ mollify

badinage [bæ dinɑ ːʒ, bǽdinidʒ] n. 가벼운 농담 : BANTER : light, playful banter

playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole (CHARACTER) hyperbole 과장(법) a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used

for emphasis or effect badinage ↔ clear reference, serious discourse, sincere conversation

baffle [bǽfəl] v. 당황하게 하다; 좌절시키다, 방해하다 1. to frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or

perplexing 2. to impede the force or movement of

baffle : confusion :: bewitch : temptation baffle ↔ encourage

bait [beit] v.t. 놀려 괴롭히다, 유인하다 : ENTICE, LURE 1. to place a lure in (a trap) or on (a fishing hook) 2. to entice, especially by trickery or strategy 4. to attack or torment, especially with persistent insults,

criticism, or ridicule 5. to tease

bait ↔ disarm, mollify disarm 무장을 해제하다; 적개심, 공포 등을 제거하다, 마음을 누그

러지게 하다

balance [bǽləns] n, v. 저울, 무게를 정하다 : to determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a

weighing device abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh balance : weight :: verify : accuracy (A = B를 결정하다)

bale [beil] n. 재앙; 고통, 불행 1. evil 2. mental suffering; anguish

bale ↔ happiness, success, good fortune bale ↔ benefit, mirth mirth 환희, 유쾌, 웃음 gladness and gaiety, especially when

expressed by laughter

baleful [béilfəl] a. 해로운 : deadly or pernicious in influence pernicious a. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly b. causing great harm; destructive

baleful : menace :: solicitous : concern (EQUAL) baleful ↔ beneficent

balk [bɔːk] v. 망설이다, 방해하다 n. 방해, 장애(물) 1. to stop short and refuse to go on 2. to refuse obstinately or abruptly

balk ↔ move ahead willingly

balky [bɔ ːki] a. (나귀처럼) 고집 센 1. given to stopping and refusing to go on 2. difficult to operate or start

balky ↔ acquiescent, eager, tractable, accommodating, compliant, cooperative, agreeable, complaisant, pliable, obedient acquiesce 묵인하다; (소극적으로) 동의하다 to consent or comply

passively or without protest accommodating 다루기 쉬운, 융통성이 있는, 친절한 complaisant 친절한, 상냥한, 온순한

ballad [bǽləd] n. (발라드 형식의) 시, 소박한 노래 ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: prose : paragraph :: symphony : movement (A ∋ B) stanza 詩의 연(聯)

ballad : song :: lyric : poem :: comedian : actor(A ∈ B)

ballast [bǽləst] n. 안정시키는 것 : something that gives stability (as in character or conduct)

ballast : balance :: (PURPOSE) truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability truss 받침 girder 들보; 도리

ballast : instability :: purchase : slippage (A prevent B) purchase n. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move

something or prevent it from slipping ballast : stability :: camouflage : disguise ballast : stabilize :: camouflage : disguise disguise n. 변장 v. 변장하다

ballet [bǽlei, bæléi] n. 발레, 무용극 instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet (A play B) singer : opera :: dancer : ballet

balloon [bəlú:n.] v. 기구를 타다; 부풀다, 급증하다 1. to ascend or ride in a balloon 2. to expand or swell out like a balloon 3. to increase or rise quickly

balloon ↔ decrease slowly

ballot [bǽlət] n. 투표용지; 투표; 후보자 명부 : a list of candidates running for office

ballot : candidates ::

balm [bɑːm] n. 향유, 방향; 진통제, 진정제; 위안 antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation (A prevent B) balm ↔ harmful substance, irritant, noxious substance, piquancy noxious 몸에 해로운, 유독한; 불건전한 piquant 짜릿한, 얼얼한; 쏘는 듯한

balm : soothing :: (A는 B하기 위한 것)

balmy [bɑ ːmi] a. 온화한 1. having the quality or fragrance of balm; soothing 2. mild and pleasant

balmy ↔ inclement, piquant, irritant inclement 혹독한, 엄동의; 냉혹한 piquant (맛이) 짜릿한, 얼얼한; 쏘는 듯한, 통쾌한

bamboozle [bæmbúːzəl] v. 속여먹다 : DUPE, HOODWINK : (informal) to take in by elaborate methods of deceit;

hoodwink hoodwink 눈을 속이다(blindfold); 현혹시키다 to take in by deceptive

means; deceive

ban [bæn] n. 금지 : to prohibit, especially by official decree

banal [bənǽl, bəbɑ ːl, béinl] a. 진부한, 평범한 : TRITE : lacking originality, freshness, or novelty

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal (CHARACTER, 명사 : 형용사)

banal ↔ fresh, new, original, arresting, novel, ingenious, noteworthy banality ↔ freshness, ingeniousness, ingenuity, originality, original expression, singularity

trite ↔ unbanal trite 낡아 빠진, 흔한, 진부한 lacking power to evoke interest through

overuse or repetition

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bane [bein] n. 파멸시키는 사람/것; 맹독 1. fatal injury or ruin 2. a cause of death, destruction, or ruin 3. a deadly poison

bane ↔ benefit, blessing

baneful [béinfəl] a. 치명적인 : SERIOUSLY HARMFUL : causing death, destruction, or ruin; harmful

baneful ↔ beneficent, benevolent, salubrious, salutary salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-

being salutary 건강에 좋은; 유익한

banish [bǽniʃ] v.t. 추방하다 1. to force to leave a country or place by official decree;

exile 2. to drive away; expel

evict : residence :: banish : country evict (법적 절차에 의해) 퇴거시키다, 쫓아버리다

banister [bǽnəstər] n. 계단의 난간 staircase : banister :: road : guardrail

bankruptcy [bǽŋkrʌp:tsi] n. 파산, 도산; (명성 등의) 실추 bankruptcy : solvent :: eclipse : famous eclipse (지위, 명성 등의) 실추, (권세 등의) 쇠퇴

bankruptcy ↔ solvency solvency 지급 능력

banquet [bǽŋkwit] n. 진수성찬 1. en elaborate, sumptuous repast 2. a ceremonial dinner honoring a particular guest or

occasion sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or

splendor suggesting great expense; lavish repast (1회의) 식사량; 식사(meal) a meal or the food eaten or

provided at a meal writer, author : novel :: chef : banquet word : sentence :: course : banquet

banter [bǽntər] 가벼운 농담, 놀림 : good-humored, playful conversation

playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole

barb [bɑːrb] n. 가시, 신랄한 말 a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment

barb : caustic :: pan : harsh (CHARACTER, 명 : 형) pan 냄비; 혹평 on the pan 혹평을 받아

ad-lib : impromptu :: barb : caustic barb ↔ complimentary remark

barbaric [bａə:rbǽrik] adj. 미개의, 원시의; 거친, 조잡한 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of barbarians 2. marked by crudeness or lack of restraint in taste, style,

or manner barbaric ↔ sophisticated

barbarous [bɑ ːr bərəs] a. 교양 없는, 잔혹한, 야만스러운 lacking culture or refinement

1. primitive in culture and customs; uncivilized 2. lacking refinement or culture; coarse 3. characterized by savagery; very cruel 4. marked by the use or occurrence of barbarisms in spoken

or written language barbarous ↔ civilized, sophisticated barbarize ↔ civilize

barefaced [bɛ ərfèist] a. 맨 얼굴의, 수염이 없는; 공명정 한, 뻔뻔스러운 : OPEN, UNCONCEALED

1. a. having no covering over the face

b. having no beard 2. without disguise; unconcealed 공명정 한 3. undisguisedly bold; brazen 뻔뻔스러운

headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame (A lack B) headlong 머리부터, 거꾸로; 꾸물 지 않고, 저돌적으로

barefaced, aboveboard ↔ surreptitious surreptitious 몰래하는, 비 리의; 부정한

bargain [bɑ ːrgən] v. 흥정하다 : HAGGLE haggle (거래에서) 값을 깎다; 끈질기게 논쟁하다 1. to bargain, as over the price of something 2. to argue in an attempt to come to terms

debate : issue :: bargain : price

baroque [bəróuk] a. 바로크 풍의; 지나치게 화려한, 장식적인 : characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity,

or flamboyance in ornamentation baroque ↔ austere

barrage [bərá:d3] n. 탄막, 일제 사격; 연발 1. a. a heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of

friendly troops to screen and protect them b. a rapid, concentrated discharge of missiles, as from small

arm 2. an overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words

barrage : explosives :: deluge : rain

barrack(s) n. 막사 v. 막사에 수용하다 1. a building or group of buildings used to house military

personnel 2. often barracks. A large, unadorned building used for

temporary occupancy barracks : soldier :: monastery : monk

barrel [bǽrəl] v. 고속으로 달리다, 차를 쏜살같이 몰다 barrel ↔ plod

barren [bǽrən] a. 불모의, 황폐한 barren ↔ prolific, fecund prolific 다산의, 다작의; 풍부한

barricade [bǽrəkèid] n. 방책, 바리케이드; 장애물, 방해물 1. a structure set up across a route of access to obstruct the

passage of an enemy 2. something that serves as an obstacle; a barrier

barricade ↔ permit passage

barter [bɑ ːrtər] v. n. 물물교환(하다) correspond : letters :: barter : commodities (B는 A하는 대상) correspondence : letters :: barter : commodities : conversation : language

jog : exercise :: barter : trade (A ∈ B)

base [beis] a. 천한, 비열한 base ↔ virtuous, noble, patrician, sublime virtuous 덕 있는, 고결한 having or showing virtue, especially moral

excellence patrician 높은 신분의, 귀족적인; 귀족 sublime [səbláim] 숭고한, 외경할; 기품 있는, 고상한

baseboard [béisbɔ ːrd] n. 굽도리 널 : a molding that conceals the joint between an interior wall

and a floor veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall veneer 화장판, 표면 마무리; 겉치레, 허식

baseness [béisnis] n. the quality or state of being contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish

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respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity, perfidiousness (OPPOSITE) baseness ↔ respect

bask [bæsk, bɑːsk] v. 즐거움/행복한 처지에 있다 : INDULGE 1. to expose oneself to pleasant warmth 2. to take great pleasure or satisfaction

bask ↔ abstain

batch [bæt∫] n. 한 묶음/다발; 일단; (제품, 공사 재료의) 1회분; 한 번에 구운 빵

1. an amount produced at one baking 2. the quantity produced as the result of one operation 3. the quantity needed for one operation 4. a group of persons or things

batch : cookie :: compound : element (“a batch of cookies” 를 연상, element 구성 원자, compound 화합물)

bathe [beið] v. ~을 목욕시키다, ~에 적시다, 담그다 bathe : water :: cover : coat

bathetic [bəθétik] a. 진부한, 평범한 : TRITENESS offbeat ↔ bathetic, hackneyed, trite, commonplace offbeat (음악) 약한 박자; 색다른 not conforming to an ordinary

type or pattern; unconventional

bathos [béiθas] n. 점강법; 진부함, 평범 1. a. an abrupt, unintended transition in style from the

exalted to the commonplace, producing a ludicrous effect

b. an anticlimax 2. a. insincere or grossly sentimental pathos b. banality; triteness

bauble [bɔ ːbəl] n. 싸구려, 장난감 : trivial, trifle, trinket, tawdry

bauble ↔ valuable thing

bawdy [bɔ :di] adj. 외설적인, 음탕한 : a bawdy story or joke contains humorous references to

sex bawdy ↔ decorous decorous 품위 있는, 예의 바른, 단정한 characterized by or

exhibiting decorum; proper

beacon [bíːkən] n. 등 , 봉화 siren : sound :: beacon : light siren : heard :: beacon : seen (속성) castle : turret :: sea : beacon

beatific [bìːətífik] adj. 축복의 beatific ↔ dreadful

beatitude [biːǽtətjùːd] n. 최상의 행복 : supreme blessedness or happiness

beatitude ↔ misery [mízәri]

bedeck [bidék] v.t. 장식하다 : DECK : to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion

bedeck ↔ strip bedecked ↔ unadorned

bedlam [bédləm] n. 아수라장 : a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion

tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive (B = A한 장소) tumultuous [tjumʌ ltʃuəs] 떠들썩한, 소란스런, 동요한; 몹시 흥분한,

갈팡질팡하는 hive 벌통; 활발한 장소 a place swarming with activity

tumult, bedlam, riot ↔ serenity, stillness serene 조용한, 잠잠한, 침착한

befitting [bifítiŋ] a. 알맞은, 어울리는, 적합한, 적당한

befitting ↔ inappropriate

befriend [bifrénd] ~을 돌봐주다 ~을 돕다 befriend ↔ neglect

befuddle [bifʌ dl] v.t. 만취시키다; 현혹시키다; PERPLEX 1. to confuse; perplex 2. to stupefy with or as if with alcoholic drink

befuddlement : understanding ::

begin 1. to take the first step in performing an action; start 2. to come into being 3. to do or accomplish in the least degree

begin ↔ conclude

begrudge [bigrʌ dʒ] v. 주기 꺼리다 begrudge ↔ grant

beguile [bigáil] v.t. (남을) 속이다, 기만하다, 속여서 (~을) 빼앗다; (남을) (~으로) 즐겁게 하다, 매혹하다 to amuse or charm; delight; to pass (time) pleasantly

beguile ↔ disenchant, repel, disgust

beguiling ↔ honest, straightforward, repulsive

belabor [biléibər] v.t. 논쟁을 오래도록 하다 1. to attack with blows; hit, beat, or whip 2. to assail verbally 3. to discuss repeatedly or at length; harp on

badger : bother :: belabor : mention (A >> B) assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) 주장하다 : 장황하게 논의하다 :: 주의하다, 신경쓰다 : 안달하다, 야단법석하다

beleaguer [bilíːgər] v.t. 괴롭히다 : TROUBLE, HARASS 1. to harass; beset 2. to surround with troops; besiege

beleaguer : vexation :: (EQUAL, 동 : 명) beleaguer ↔ delight, mollify, soothe, gratify

belie [bilái] v. 거짓임을 나타내다, ~을 잘못 전하다, ~을 속이다, 숨기다

1. to picture falsely; misrepresent 2. to show to be false 3. to be counter to; contradict

belie ↔ affirm, aver, confirm, represent faithfully, speak/state faithfully, attest, prove, be honest

belie ↔ show to be true/correct, represent accurately

belittle [bilítl] v.t. 과소평가하다 : DISPARAGE 1. to represent or speak of as contemptibly small or

unimportant; disparage 2. to cause to seem less than another or little

belletristic [bèllitrístik] n. 순수 문학

bellicose [bélikòus] a. 호전적인 : warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious

imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable imperious 오만한, 고압적인; 긴급한

bellicose ↔ peaceful, appeasing, inclined to make peace, conciliatory, pacifist(ic), pacific, peaceable

belligerent [bəlídʒərənt] a. 호전적인, 윽박지르는 1. inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive 2. of, pertaining to, or engaged in warfare

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obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다)

quarrelsome : belligerence :: (속성) belligerent : truculent :: (A=B) belligerent ↔ peaceful, disposed of peace, conciliatory conciliatory 달래는, 회유적인

bellwether [bélwèðər] n. 지도자, 장본인 : LEADER : one that takes the lead or initiative also; an indicator of

trends bellwether : leadership :: adviser : consultation bellwether : leadership :: advisor : guidance bellwether ↔ follower

bemoan [bimóun] v.t. 슬퍼하다 1. to mourn over; lament 슬퍼하다 2. to express pity or grief for 동정하다

bend [bend] v. 구부리다 : to bring (something) into a state of tension

bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant (OPPOSITE) bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble (OPPOSITE) dissolve 녹이다, 용해시키다; 무효화시키다, 폐기하다

benediction [bènədíkʃən] n. 축복 1. a blessing 2. an invocation of divine blessing, usually at the end of a

church service benediction ↔ curse

beneficent [bənéfəsənt] a. 자애로운, 이득이 되는 : doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and

charity 1. characterized by or performing acts of kindness or

charity 2. producing benefit; beneficial * beneficience n.

beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield tenacious 집착하는; 끈질긴, 고집 센

philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor beneficence ↔ meanness beneficence 선행, 은혜, 자선, 기부 meanness 비열한 행위, 인색함, 치사함 noxious, toxic ↔ beneficial noxious 해로운, 유해한 toxic 중독성의(poisonous); 독성이 있는

benevolent [bənévələnt] a. 자비심이 많은, 호의적인, 선의의 1. characterized by or suggestive of doing good 2. of, concerned with, or organized for the benefit of charity * malevolent; 악의 있는, 사악한, 해악을 끼치는

benevolent : meanness :: (A한 사람은 B가 없다) meanness : 천함, 비열함, 인색함, 치사함 malevolent ↔ benevolent, polite, benign, flattering, good

benign [bináin] a. 온화한 1. of a kind and gentle disposition 2. showing gentleness and mildness 3. tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable

benignant [binígnənt] a. 친절한, 다정한; 유익한 1. favorable; beneficial 2. kind and gracious

benignant ↔ noxious, toxic, vicious, harsh, relentless, malevolent vicious 사악한, 타락한; 악의 있는, 심술궂은; 버릇없는; 나쁜, 옳

지 못한

benison [bénəzən, -sən] n. 축복 : a blessing; a benediction

benison ↔ curse

bent [bent] a. n. 열중한, 성향 형. 1. altered from an originally straight or even condition 2. determined to take a course of action 명. 1. a tendency, disposition, or inclination 2. a transverse structural member or framework used for

strengthen a bridge or trestle 교각 bent ↔ ineptitude inept 부적절한; 서투른 incompetent 어리석은, 무능한, 쓸모없는 (nonchalance (무관심, 냉담 casual lack of concern) 는 오답)

bequeath [bikwí:ð, -kwí:ɵ] v. 유언으로 증여하다; 남기다, 전하다 1. (law) to leave or give (property) by will 2. to pass (something) on to another; hand down

bequest [bikwést] n. 유산 : LEGACY 1. the act of giving, leaving by will, or passing on to another 2. something that is bequeathed; a legacy

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom 세습 재산

berate [biréit] v. 호되게 꾸짖다 : to scold or condemn vehemently and at length

berate ↔ commend, laud, praise commend 추천하다, 칭찬하다

berth [bə:rθ] n. 침 , 침상 berth : sleep :: tub : bath

beseech [bisíːtʃ] v. 간청하다 : IMPLORE 1. to address an earnest or urgent request to; implore 2. to request earnestly; beg for

supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious coquette 바람난 여자(flirt) flirtatious [flə:rtéiʃəs] 시시덕거리는; 바람 난; 경박한, 들든

beset [bisét] v. 포위 공격하다, 둘러싸다; 끈덕지게 괴롭히다; (보석 등으로) 장식하다 1. to attack from all sides 2. to trouble persistently; harass 3. to hem in; surround 4. to stud, as with jewels

besmirch [bismə ːrtʃ] v. 더럽히다, 손상시키다 : SULLY, SOIL 1. to stain; sully 2. to make dirty; soil

sully 더럽히다, 망쳐놓다, 훼손하다 besmirch ↔ honor

bestial [béstʃəl, bíːs- / béstiəl] v. 상스러운 : beastly : marked by brutality or depravity

bestial ↔ noble

betray [bitréi] v.t. 폭로하다, 배반하다 1. a. to give aid or information to an enemy of; commit

treason against b. to deliver into the hands of an enemy in violation of a trust

or allegiance 2. to be false or disloyal to

betray : trust :: transgress : rule betray ↔ conceal 폭로하다 ↔ 비밀로 하다, 들키지 않게 하다 betray ↔ be faithful, be loyal, keep secret betrayal ↔ loyalty

better [béṭər] adj. 더 좋은, 보다 나은 adv. 더 좋게 v.t. ~을 개선하

다, v.i. 더 좋아지다, 향상되다

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better ↔ deteriorate, worsen, impair better ↔ inferior, worse

bevy [bévi] n. (종달새, 메추라기의) 떼, (소녀, 여자의) 일단 예; a bevy of young girls 젊은 여성의 한 무리

bevy ↔ individual

bibliography [bìbliɑ grəfi] n. 서지, 도서 목록; (참고) 문헌 목록 1. a list of the works of a specific author or publisher 2. a. a list of writings relating to a given subject b. a list of writings used or considered by an author in

preparing a particular work 3. a. the description and identification of the editions, dates

of issue, authorship, and typography of books or other written material

b. a compilation of such information list : bibliography :: painting : portrait (A ∋ B) bibliography : publication :: roster : name (A는 B의 목록(list))

bibliophile [bíbliəfàil] , [-fil] n. 애서가, 장서가 bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food gourmet 미식가, 식도락가

bifurcate [báifə:rk`eit] v. 두 갈래로 가르다, 분기시키다 : to divide into two parts or branches

bifurcate ↔ coalesce

bigot [bígət] n. 편협한 사람 one who is strongly partial to one's own group, religion,

race, or politics and is intolerant of those who differ bigoted a. ~에 편협한, 고집불통의

bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: liar : honesty (LACK) tolerance 관용, 관 turncoat 배신자, 변절자 constancy 불변성; 충성, 절개, 지조

bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) bigoted : advice :: conservative : change (A = B의 영향을 받지 않는) bigot : tolerant :: posturer : unaffected posture 포즈, 자태; 상황, 형세; 젠체하는 태도

bigoted : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan bigoted ↔ disinterested, dispassionate

bile [bail] n. 담즙, 기분이 언짢음, 울화, 역정 * bilious a. 담즙의, 신경질적인, 극도로 불쾌한, 언짢은 1. a. characterized by an excess secretion of bile b. relating to, characterized by, or experiencing gastric

distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gallbladder c. appearing as if affected by such a disorder; sickly 2. having a peevish disposition; ill-humored

insulin : pancreas :: bile : liver bilious ↔ benign(1순위) cheerful(2순위) bilious ↔ difficult to provoke, amiable

bilk [bilk] v. n. 떼어 먹다, 떼어 먹기, 사기 1. to defraud, cheat, or swindle 2. to evade payment of

bilk ↔ pay in full, deal with earnesty, be forthright, be honest, help

biography [baiágrəfi] n. 전기 biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem (A는 B의 종류)

bit [bit] n. 드릴용 날 bit : drill :: blade : razor

biting [báitiŋ] adj. 무는, 물어뜯는, 살을 에는 듯한, 통렬한 biting ↔ gentle, mild, kind, conciliatory, flattering, feeble

blackout [blǽkàut] n. 보도 통제, 등화관제, 소등, 의식/지각의 상실 : SUPPRESSION

: the concealment or extinguishment of lights that might be

visible to enemy aircraft during an air raid.

blame [bleim] 책망, 비난; (실패 등의) 책임 v. 1. to hold responsible 2. to find fault with; censure 3. to place responsibility for (something) n. 1. the state of being responsible for a fault or an error;

culpability 2. censure; condemnation

narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B) blame : inculpate ::

blanch [blæntʃ] v. 희게 하다, 표백하다; (야채, 고기 등을) 치

다; 창백해지다 1. to take the color from; bleach 2. to whiten (a growing plant or plant part) by covering to

cut off direct light 3. to whiten (a metal) by soaking in acid or by coating with

tin 4. a. to scald (almonds, for example) in order to loosen the

skin b. to scald (food) briefly, as before freezing or as a

preliminary stage in preparing a dish 5. to cause to turn white or become pale

scald 데게 하다; 데치다; 비난하다 mottle ↔ blanch

bland [blænd] a. 온화한, 부드러운; 재미없는, 지루한 : DULL, INSIPID

1. characterized by a moderate, unperturbed, or tranquil quality, especially:

a. pleasant in manner; smooth b. not irritating or stimulating; soothing c. exhibiting no personal worry, embarrassment, or concern 2. dull and insipid

pungency ↔ blandness tangy ↔ bland tangy [tǽŋi] 쏘는 맛이 있는, 강한 냄새가 나는

blandishment [blǽndiʃmənt] n. 감언 : ALLUREMENT : something that tends to coax or cajole

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede (A는 B하기 위한 것) blandishment : cajole :: accolade : praise :: demur : object (A는 B하기 위한 것)

blandishment : coax :: medal : honor (A represent B + A는 B하는 것이 목적)

blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive :: threat : intimidate (A는 B하는 것이 목적) prevaricate 얼버무리다, 둘러 다 to stray from or evade the truth;

equivocate blandishment ↔ threat

blase [blɑːzéi, - -] a. 환락에 물린, 싫증난; 무관심한 1. uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence 2. unconcerned; nonchalant 3. very sophisticated

miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (OPPOSITE) munificent 아낌없는, 후한 very liberal in giving, generous; showing

great generosity

blaspheme [blæsfíːm, --] vi. 신성 모독하다; 욕하다 : REVILE, ABUSE

1. to speak of (God or a sacred entity) in an irreverent, impious manner

2. to revile; execrate impious 경건치 않은, 불경한(profane); 사악한

blasphemy ↔ kindness

blast [blæst, blɑːst] n, v.t. 광풍

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blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B) whiff 한 번 불기, 한 모금 gust 돌풍, 질풍; 격정, 폭발, 격노 gush 세차게 흘러나오다, 분출하다 trickle 방울방울 흐르다; 드문드문 오다

blatant [bléitənt] a. 떠들썩한, 뻔뻔스러운 : BRAZEN 1. unpleasantly loud and noisy 2. totally or offensively conspicuous or obtrusive

ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A = B하기 힘든) blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A한 것은 B하게 한다) odious 혐오할, 몹시 싫은 arousing or meriting strong dislike,

aversion, or intense displeasure blatant ↔ inconspicuous, unimpressive, unobtrusive, subtle

blazon [bléizən] v. 문장을 그리다; 치장하다, 과시하다; 공표하

다, 떠벌리다 : PROCLAIM n. 문장(紋章) 1. (heraldry) a. to describe (a coat of arms) in proper terms b. to paint or depict (a coat of arms) with accurate detail 2. to adorn or embellish with or as if wit a coat of arms 3. to proclaim widely

alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) alliterate 두운을 맞추다, 두운법을 쓰다

blazon : adorn :: pillar : support (A는 B의 기능을 함) blazon ↔ efface diffidence ↔ blazonment

bleach [bliːtʃ] v.t. 표백하다 1. to remove the color from, as by means of chemical

agents or sunlight 2. to make white or colorless

desiccate : moisture :: bleach : color bleach ↔ mottle mottle ~을 얼룩덜룩하게 하다

bleeding [blíːdiŋ] n. 출혈 lint : bleeding :: lint 린트; 붕 용 천

tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion tourniquet 지혈기, 압박

antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding (A prevent B) hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness (EQUAL) hemorrhage [héməridʒ] 출혈

blemish [blémiʃ] n. 흠, 결점 : an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless impeccable 죄가 없는, 나무랄 데 없는

anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish (OPPOSITE) pristine : blemish :: pristine 원시 상태의; 순박한, 천진한

blender [bléndər] n. 혼합기, 믹서

blight [blait] n. v. 마름병, 황폐; 시들(게 하)다 1. to cause (a plant, for example) to undergo blight 2. to have a deleterious effect on; ruin

blight ↔ flourish blighted, barren ↔ grassy blighted ↔ hale, sound, robust, unblemished, thriving, lush hale 강건한, 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity of illness; sound

blimp [blimp] n. 보수적이고 반동적인 사람 : a pompous, reactionary, ultra-nationalistic person

blimp ↔ man of progressive ideas

bliss [blis] n. 다시없는 기쁨, 행복 1. extreme happiness; ecstasy

2. the ecstasy of salvation; spiritual joy dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss (A << B) loathing 강한 혐오 great dislike; abhorrence

bliss ↔ anguish, agony, misery, sorrow

blithe [blaið] a. 쾌활한, 명랑한, 즐거운; 사리분별없는 1. carefree and lighthearted(마음편하고 근심이없는) 2. lacking or showing a lack of due concern; casual

blithe ↔ grave, irascible

blighted [blaitid] a. 시든 blighted ↔ sound

blockade [blɑkéid] n. 봉쇄, 폐쇄 : the isolation of a nation, an area, a city, or a harbor by

hostile ships or forces in order to prevent the entrance and exit of traffic and commerce

filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce

blueprint [blú:prìnt] n. 청사진; 상세한 계획/윤곽 : a detailed plan of action

blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course (A는 B의 개요를 보여주는 것)

blunder [blʌ ndər] n. 큰 실수 : a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity,

ignorance, or carelessness protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage protocol 외교 의례; 조약 원안, 의정서

blunt [blʌnt] a. v. 무딘, 무디게 하다 / 무뚝뚝한 a. 1. having a dull edge or end; not sharp 2. abrupt and often disconcertingly frank in speech 3. slow to understand or perceive; dull 4. lacking in feeling; insensitive

slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness attenuate : strength :: blunt : sharpness blunt ↔ whet whet 벼리다, 갈다(sharpen); (흥미 등을) 돋우다, 자극하다

blunt ↔ subtle, inconspicuous, unobtrusive

blur [bləːr] v. 희미하게 하다, 더럽히다 1. to make indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance;

obscure 2. to smear or stain; smudge 3. to lessen the perception of; dim

blur : definition :: subjugate : independence (OPPOSITE) subjugate 정복하다, 복종시키다, 마음 로 조종하다

blurb [bləːrb] n. 짧은 광고 : a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket)

blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: glance : look :: cameo : appearance (A는 B를 짧게 하는 것) gloss 광택, 윤; 겉치레, 허식; 주해, 주석, 해설

blurt [bləːrt] v. 불쑥 말하다 : to utter abruptly and impulsively

blurt : utter :: flit : move flit 휙 움직이다, 경쾌하게 돌아다니다 to move quickly from one

condition or location to another conceal ↔ blurt blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement :: yank : pull (A=갑자기 B하는 것) bolt (말, 토끼 등이) 갑자기 튀어나오다[뛰기 시작하다]; (사람이)

달리기 시작하다, 도망치다; 잽싸게 행동하다.

blush [blʌʃ] n. vi. 홍조, 얼굴을 붉히다 1. to become red in the face, especially from modesty,

embarrassment, or shame; flush 2. to become red or rosy 3. to feel embarrassed or ashamed

blush : embarrassment :: nod : agreement :: bow : respect :: shrug :

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indifference :: smile : pleasure blush : embarrass :: nod : approve :: yawn : sleepiness

bluster [blʌ stər] v.t. 허세 부리다, 공갈치다; 거세게 몰아치다 n. 허세, 거칠게 몰아침

1. to blow in loud, violent gusts, as the wind during a storm 2. a. to speak in a loudly arrogant or bullying manner b. to brag or make loud, empty threats

blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk bluster : loud :: pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive pontificate 주교의 직무를 수행하다; 오만한 태도를 보이다 scoff 비웃음, 조롱 to mock at or treat with derision derisive 비웃는, 조롱하는

drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless (CHARACTER) drawl to speak with lengthen or drawn-out vowels prate 재잘거리다, 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter

boast [boust] v. 자랑하다 : to glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way

boast : pride :: complain : discontent (A show B) blowhard : boastful :: toady : obsequious blowhard 허풍선이 toady 아첨꾼, 알랑쇠

boast ↔ belittle, depreciate, degrade, minimize

boding [bóudiŋ] n. 흉조 : FOREBODING : an omen or foreboding, especially of evil

portent, omen 전조 → 길흉의 뜻은 없음 auspicious ↔ boding ill auspicious 길조의, 상서로운

bodyguard [bɑ g-əl / bɔ gəl] 호위자, 호위 ; 수행원(retinue) bodyguard : person :: soldier : country

boggle [bɑ g-əl / bɔ gəl] v. 움찔하다, 움찔하게(놀라게) 하다 1. to hesitate as if in fear or doubt 2. to shy away or be overcome with fright or astonishment 3. to botch; bungle

botch [batʃ] 어설프게 깁다/수선하다; (실수로) 망쳐 버리다 boggle ↔ embolden, march

bogus [bóugəs] a. 모조의, 가짜의 : factitious, fictitious, specious, apocryphal

bogus ↔ authentic, genuine

boisterous [bɔ istərəs] a. 떠들썩한, 난폭하고 시끄러운 : ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS

1. rough and stormy; violent 2. loud, noisy, and lacking in restraint or discipline

boisterous ↔ quiet

bolster [bóulstər] n. v. 받침 , 강화하다 : to support with or as if with a bolster

bolster : support :: leash : restrain :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B) tackle 도구, 용구; 도르래, 기중기; (축구 등의) 태클 hoist 인양하다, 끌어올리다

adulterant : pure :: bolster, brace : weak (OPPOSITE) bolster : strength :: whet : sharpness (동 : 명, A increase B) thwart ↔ foment, foster, bolster bolster ↔ decrease support of, undermine

bolt [boult] n. 빗장, 급히 뛰쳐나가기, 돌진, 도망 v. …을 볼트로 죄다; 빗장을 걸다, 갑자기 튀어나오다[뛰기 시작

하다]; 도망치다; 잽싸게 행동하다. 예; Because the officer who entered was a colonel, he ∼ed

to attention. 들어온 장교가 령이었으므로 그는 얼른 차려 자세를 취했다.

blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement

bombast [bɑ mbæst / bɔ m-] n. 호언장담, 허풍

: grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing * bombastic a.

nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole :: critical : tirade drivel 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보처럼 이야기하다

bombast ↔ down to earth language down to earth (사람, 인격, 사상 등이) 실제적인, 현실적인, 견실한 bombastic ↔ understated, unpretentious, humble, restrained, subtle, unaffected, unimpassioned

bonhomie [bɑ nəmíː, --- / bɔ nɔmìː] n. 싹싹함 : a pleasant and affable disposition; geniality

genial, congenial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact (EQUAL, 형 : 명) congenial 마음이 맞는, 취향이 같은, 적합한 genial 친절한; 온난한, 쾌적한

bonhomie : good natured ::

bonus [bóunəs] n. 보너스 bonus : employee :: decoration : soldier decoration 꾸밈, 장식; 장식품; 훈장

boo [buː] n. 야유 : a shout of disapproval or contempt

bookworm [búkwə ːrm] 독서광, 공부벌레 : one who spends much time reading or studying

bookworm : read :: gourmet : eat gourmet 미식가, 식도락가

boon [buːn] n. 은혜, 혜택 : BENEFIT, FAVOR 1. a benefit bestowed, especially one bestowed in response

to a request 2. a timely blessing or benefit

boon ↔ misfortune

boor [buər] n. 촌뜨기 insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp mischievous 유해한; 장난기 어린, 짓궂은 imp 꼬마 도깨비; 장난꾸러기, 악동

sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment,

and farsighted; wisdom simpleton 얼간이, 바보

insensible : boor :: stingy : miser boor ↔ civil person

bootless [búːtlis] a. 무익한 : USELESS, UNPROFITABLE : without advantage or benefit

bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence :: convoluted : complexity (A는 B의 특성을 가짐, 형 : 명) effulgent 찬란히 빛나는, 눈부신(radiant) shining brilliantly;

resplendent resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신; 화려한(brilliant) splendid or dazzling in

appearance; brilliant bootless : futile :: interesting : intriguing (EQUAL) bootless : futility :: empty : void

bore [bɔːr] v.t. 뚫다, 지루하게 하다 die : shaping :: drill : boring food : hunger :: stimulation : boredom (A remove B) entrance ↔ disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore entrance [intrá:ns] 넋을 잃게 하다, 매혹하다, 황홀하게 하다

bottleneck [bɑ tlnèk] n. 병목 1. a. a narrow or obstructed section. as of a highway or a

pipeline b. a point or an area of traffic congestion 2. a hindrance to progress or production 3. the narrow part of a bottle near the top

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bough [bau] n. 큰 나뭇가지 : a tree branch, especially a large or main branch

bound [baund] n. 구역, 제한 * boundless adj. 경계가 없는, 무한한

boundless : limit :: impeccable : flaw boundless : excessive :: interminable : lengthy (A >> B) boundless : extensive :: interminable : lengthy boundless ↔ limited boundary ↔ unrestrained

bouquet [boukéi, buː-] 꽃다발; (예술 작품 등의) 품위, 품격 1. a cluster or flowers; a nosegay 2. the fragrance typical of a wine or liqueur

nosegay [nóuzgèi] 작은 꽃다발; 칭찬의 말, 공치사 a small bunch of flowers

fragrance 향기로움, 향기 1. the state or quality of having a pleasant odor 2. a sweet or pleasant odor; a scent

bouquet : flower :: constellation : star :: woodpile : log

bowdlerize [bóudləraiz, báud-] v. (책의) 음란한 곳을 삭제하다 to expurgate prudishly to modify, as by shortening or simplifying or by skewing

the content in a certain manner bowdlerize ↔ allow, approve, endorse, permit

box [bɑks / bɔks] vi. 주먹다짐하다 box : fight :: debate : argue (EQUAL, 명 : 동)

boycott [bɔ ikａt] v. 배척하다, 거부하다 1. to act together in abstaining from using, buying, or

dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion

2. t abstain from or unite with others in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with

boycott ↔ patronize

bracing [bréisiŋ] a. 기운을 돋우는 : giving strength, vigor, or freshness

bracing ↔ vapid, denouncing vapid 맛이 없는, 김빠진; 흥미 없는, 지루한

bracket [brǽkit] n. (처마, 선반 등의) 받침 buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress 부벽; 지지자, 후원

brackish [brǽkiʃ] a. 소금기가 있는, 짭짤한; 불쾌한 : not appealing to the taste 1. having a somewhat salty taste, especially from

containing a mixture of seawater and fresh water 2. distasteful; unpalatable

unpalatable 맛없는, 입에 안 맞는; 싫은, 불쾌한 brackish : repulsive :: (A << B)

braggart [brǽgəːrt] n. 허풍쟁이 : one given to loud, empty boasting; a bragger; blowhard * brag [bræg] v. to talk boastfully * braggadocio [brægədóuʃiou] n. 허풍; 허풍쟁이

toady : obsequious :: blowhard, braggart : boastful

braided [bréidid] a. (머리를) 땋은; 짠 grooved : striating :: braided : stranded (EQUAL) striate 홈을 내다 strand 가닥, 올

brake [breik] n. 브레이크 brake : speed :: moratorium : activity (A는 B를 ↓) divert : shunt :: retard : brake (B = A하는 장치) shunt 어내기, 전환; 선로 변환 장치

brake : decelerate :: clamp : compress clamp 클램프, 꺾쇠

brash [bræʃ] a. 성급한, 경솔한, 무모한 1. a. hasty and unthinking; impetuous b. rash 2. lacking in sensitivity or tact 3. presumptuously forward; impudent (무례한) 4. brittle (부러지기 쉬운)

frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion frivolous [frívələs] 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운

candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate subterfuge 핑계, 구실

brassy [brǽsi, brɑ ːsi] a. 놋쇠로 만든; 뻔뻔스러운 1. made of or decorated with brass 2. resembling brass, as in color 3. cheap and showy; flashy 4. (informal) brazen; insolent

brassy ↔ reticent, reluctant brassy, open, forthright ↔ diffident, unassertive, furtive, humble, reserved diffident 수줍어하는, 삼가는, 조심성 있는

brat [brætiʃ] 버릇없는 애 : a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one brattish a.

tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous tightfisted 인색한, 구두쇠의 parsimonious 극도로 검약하는, 인색한

bravado [brəvɑ ːdou] n. 허세 1. a. defiant or swaggering behavior b. a pretense of courage; a false show of bravery 2. a disposition toward showy defiance or false expression of

courage courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) fulsome (칭찬 등이 지나쳐) 불쾌한, 역겨운

swagger : bravado :: caress : affection caress 애무, 포옹 a gentle touch or gesture of fondness, tenderness,

or love

bravura [brəvjú-ərə] a. 화려한 n. (음악) 고도의 기교가 필요한 곡, 화려한 연주

1. (music) a. brilliant technique or style in performance b. a piece or passage that emphasizes a performer's

virtuosity 2. a showy manner or display

bravura : performance :: resplendence : appearance resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신, 화려한 splendid or dazzling in

appearance; brilliant

brazen [bréizən] a. 뻔뻔스러운 : IMPUDENT : marked by contemptuous boldness

brazen : impudent :: deadpan : impassive (EQUAL) impudent 뻔뻔스러운; 건방진 characterized by offensive boldness;

insolent or impertinent deadpan 감정을 나타내지 않는, 무표정한; 심각한 체하는

impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness recalcitrant 반항하는, 당할 수 없는, 다루기 어려운

risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness risible [rízəbl] 잘 웃는, 웃음의; 우스운, 익살스러운

brazen ↔ modest, self-effacing, diffident, shy self-effacing not drawing attention to oneself; modest diffident 자신 없는, 수줍어하는; 삼가는

diffidence ↔ brazenness diffidence 망설임, 삼감, 조심 timidity or shyness

breach [briːtʃ] n. v. 위반, 불화, 틈을 만들다 1. to make a hole or gap in; break through

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2. to break or violate (an agreement, for example) breach : continuity :: disturb : repose breach ↔ solder solder [sádər] 땜납; 결합시키는 것; 납으로 때우다, 결합하다

break 깨다, 부수다; 중단하다 break : continuity :: disturb : repose

breezeway [bríːzwèi] n. (집과 차고 등을 연결하는) 지붕과 기둥

만 있는 복도 breezeway : building :: stairway : floor → stairway(계단)는 층(floor, level)을 연결한다.

brevity [brévəti] n. 간결 brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature brevity : epigram :: exaggeration : caricature :: condemnation : philippic

philippic n. 맹렬한 공격 연설 brevity ↔ lengthiness

bribe [braib] v. 뇌물로 매수하다 n. 1. something, such as money or a favor, offered or given

to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or conduct

2. something serving to influence or persuade bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible (B = A할 수 없는) bribe : incorruptible :: rouse : insensible

bridle [bráidl] n. 굴레 v. 억누르다 bridled ↔ without restraint

brilliance n. 광휘, 밝음(brightness); 걸출, 탁월 1. the state or quality of being brilliant, as a. extreme brightness b. exceptional clarity and agility of intellect or invention 2. splendor; magnificence

brilliance ↔ dullness

brisk [brisk] a. 활발한 : LIVELY 1. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic 2. keen or sharp in speech or manner 3. stimulating and invigorating 4. pleasantly zestful

ponderous ↔ lively, vibrant, brisk

bristle [brís-əl] n. v. (털을 세울 정도로)노기를 띠다 : to raise the bristles (as in anger)

bristle : anger :: vacillate : irresolution, indecision (A = B를 보이다) bristle ↔ cower cower 움츠리다, 위축하다 to cringe in fear

brittle [brítl] a. 부서지기 쉬운 manifest : perceive :: brittle : break (A = B하기 쉬운)

broach [broutʃ] v. 처음으로 입 밖에 내다; 구멍을 넓히다 1. a. to bring up (a subject) for discussion or debate b. to announce 2. to pierce in order to draw off liquid 3. to draw off (a liquid) by piercing a hole in a cask or other

container cf. brooch [broutʃ] 브로치, 장식핀

broach ↔ bring off, close off

broaden [brɔ :dən] v. 넓어지다, 퍼지다, 넓히다 broaden : width :: compact : density width : broad :: weight : heavy

bromide [bróumaid] n. 진부한 이야기/사람 1. a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude 2. a tiresome person; a bore

bromide : hackneyed :: equivocation : misleading (명사 : 형용사) hackneyed; overfamiliar through overuse; trite

bromide ↔ unhackneyed speech

brood [bru:d] 한집의 아이들, 한배의 새끼; (새끼를) 보호하다, (알을) 품다

herd : animal :: brood : offspring

brook [bruk] n. 시내, 개울 v. 허용하다, 참다, 견디다 : to pur up with; tolerate

brook ↔ refuse to tolerate * 강의 크기 river : 큰 강 stream : river 다음으로 작은 중간 정도의 강 creek : 큰 시내, 지류 brook, rivulet, streamlet : 더욱 작은 시내 rill : 실개천

browbeat [bráubìːt] v.t. 위협하다 : to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or

domineering speech; bully instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat (A = B하는 사람) instigate 선동하다, 부추기다 bully 깡패, 불량배

bruit [bruːt] n. v.t. 소문을 퍼뜨리다 : REPORT : to spread news of; repeat

bruit ↔ keep secret

brusqueness [brʌsknis / brusknis] n. 무뚝뚝함 brusque a. 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운, 매정한

brusqueness : tactful :: brusqueness : unctuous :: brusque ↔ considerate, courteous, gracious

buck [bʌk] v. (말이) 갑자기 뛰어 오르다; 차가 덜커덕하고 움직이

다; 강력히 반 하다 : BALK 1. to leap upward arching the back 2. to charge with the head lowered; butt 3. to make sudden jerky movements; jolt 4. to resist stubbornly and obstinately; balk

buck ↔ assent to

bucolic [bjuːkɑ lik] a. 양치기의; 전원적인, 소박한 1. of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic 2. of or characteristic of shepherds or flocks; pastoral

palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis palatial [pəléiʃəl] 궁궐 같은, 웅장한, 호화로운 hovel [hʌ vəl] 오두막집, 광, 가축의 우리

bucolic ↔ urban, sophisticated

budge [bʌdʒ] vi. 조금 움직이다, 의견을 바꾸다 1. to move or stir slightly 2. to alter a position or attitude

palter : candor :: budge : diehard palter 적당히 얼버무리다 diehard 끝까지 버티는, 완고하게 저항하는

vagary : predict :: diehard : budge (A = B하기 어려운) vagary 변덕스러운 일/사건; 변덕

buff [b f] 무두질한 가죽(의), 무두질하여 연하게 하다, (금속을) 연마

하다, (구두, 마루 등을) 닦다; to polish To polish or shine with a piece of soft material.

buff : lustrous :: strengthen : fortified (A하면 B한 상태가 된다)

buffer [bʌ fər] v. (충격을) 막다

buffoon [bəfúːn] n. 익살꾼 : CLOWN ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag ludicrous [lú:dəkrəs] 웃기는, 익살맞은; 바보 같은

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dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices

wag (머리, 꼬리 등을) 흔들기; 익살꾼 inexperience : neophyte :: ludicrous : buffoon

bugle [bju:gl] n. 군 나팔, (사냥용) 뿔피리(bugle horn) v. 나팔을 불(어 소집하)다

명. A brass wind instrument somewhat shorter than a trumpet and lacking keys or valves.

동 1. Music. To sound a bugle. 2. To give forth a deep, prolonged sound similar to the bay of a hound.

bugle : horn :: cleaver : knife (A는 B의 종류) cleaver 식칼, 날이 긴 손도끼

bulge [bʌldʒ] n. 돌출부, 중배; 일시적 증가, 팽창; 우세, 유리 1. a protruding part; an outward curve or swelling 2. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or

quantity 3. an advantage

bulge : protuberant :: spike : pointed spike 대못, 뾰족한 금속, 대못으로 고정시키다, 스파이크를 박다 bulge ↔ depressed region

bully [búli] n. 깡패, v.i. 약자를 들볶다, 협박하다, 큰소리치다. (형용사로 다른 뜻도 있음)

: one habitually cruel to others who are weaker instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat 위협하다, 위협해서 못하게 하다

bully : scare :: bully : intimidation :: stupid : gullibility :: dupe : duplicity bully : intimidation :: sabotage : subversion subvert 전복/타도하다, 파멸시키다

underdog ↔ bully

bumper [bʌ mpəər] n. 충격 완화 장치 : a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage

protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage (A prevent B)

bumptious [bʌ mpʃəs] a. 오만한, 거만한 : OBTRUSIVE : presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive

dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness (OPPOSITE) dour 기분이 언짢은, 음침한 marked by sternness or harshness;

gloomy dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness :: dour : geniality impetuous 충동적인, 성급한; 격렬한, 맹렬한

bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B) bumptious : assertive :: meticulous : careful :: garish : colorful bumptious ↔ humble

bungalow [bʌ ŋgəlou] n. 방갈로식 별장 1. a small house or cottage usually having a single story

and sometimes an additional attic story 2. a thatched or tiled one-story house in India surrounded

by a wide verandah bungalow : building :: (A는 B의 한 종류)

bungle [bʌ ŋgəl] v. 어설픈 짓을 하다 n. 서투른 솜씨, 실수 : to act or work clumsily and awkwardly / to work or act

ineptly or inefficiently 동사: to handle badly; botch 명사: a clumsy or inept performance; a botch

bungle : clumsiness :: (A인 사람은 B의 속성이 있다) bungle : ineptitude :: bungle ↔ bring off (파워프렙), do well, succeed, manage bring off; to accomplish

bureau[bjú(:)ərou] n. 침실용 옷장, 책상/사무용 책상, (관청의) 국, 부

drawer : bureau :: trunk : tree

buoy [búːi, bɔi] v.t. 띄우다, 지탱하다 : SUPPORT, UPLIFT 1. to keep afloat or aloft 2. a. to maintain at a high level; support b. to hearten or inspire; uplift 3. to mark with or as if with a buoy

buoyed ↔ unsupported

buoyant [bɔ iənt] a. 명랑한, 부력이 있는 : CHEERFUL, GAY 1. having or marked by buoyancy 2. lighthearted; gay

bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant :: dissolve : insoluble buoyance : float :: resilience : recover (plod : fatigue는 오답) buoyant : float :: heavy : droop droop 수그러지다, 축 늘어지다; 약해지다, (기력이) 쇠하다

buoyant : sink :: insoluble : dissolve :: taut : sag reliable : fail :: buoyant : sink buoyant ↔ hangdog, sinking, aggrieved, leaden, ponderous, lethargic, depressed hangdog 겁먹은, 풀죽은; 부끄러워하는; 비열한 aggrieved 고통을 받은, 상처를 입은; 괴로워하는 leaden (납처럼) 무거운; 둔한, 느릿한; 나른한, 풀죽은

burgeon [bə ːrdʒən] v. 싹트다, 성장하다 : FLOURISH : to grow and expand rapidly

grow : burgeon :: beat : palpitate (B = 빨리 A하다) palpitate (심장이) 고동치다, 두근거리다; (몸이) 떨리다

burgeon ↔ wither, subdue, waste away, subside, want subdue 정복/압도하다; 억누르다, 자제하다

burgeoning ↔ waning, wasting away wan 창백한, 파리한; 병약한, 힘없는; 희미한

burial [bériəl] n. 매장 : INTER inter : burial :: obliterate : removal inter 매장하다, 묻다 to place in a grave or tomb; bury obliterate 흔적을 없애다, 제거하다, 삭제하다, 지우다

burlesque [bəːrlésk] n. 풍자극 burlesque : mockery :: diatribe : abuse diatribe 통렬한 비난, 혹평

doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play doggerel 엉터리 시, 광시(狂詩)

burly [bə :rli] adj. 건장한, 우람한, 튼튼한; 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운 burly ↔ skinny, slim, thin, tiny, little, weak, delicate, puny

burn [bə:rn] n. an injury produced by fire, heat, radiation, electricity, or a

caustic agent. v. 1. to cause to undergo combustion. To destroy with fire 2. to damage or injure by fire, heat, radiation, electricity, or a

caustic agent: burned the toast; burned my skin with the acid.

burnish [bə ːrniʃ] v, n. 광을 내다, 광택 1. to make smooth or glossy by or as if by rubbing; polish 2. to rub with a tool that serves especially to smooth or

polish numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous (동 : 형) lustrous 광택 있는, 빛나는; 찬란한, 훌륭한

burnish : dull :: mar : flawless (OPPOSITE) mar 훼손하다, 망쳐놓다

burnish ↔ lackluster lackluster; n. adj. 빛/광택이 없는(없음); 흐리멍덩한(함) lacking

brightness, luster, or vitality; dull burnish ↔ dull

burrow [bə ːrou , bʌ r-] n. (토끼, 여우 등 작은 동물의) 굴; 피난처

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ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern (A << B)

bustle [bʌ sl] v. 분주히 돌아다니다; 재촉하다, n. 분주한 활동, 활기, 붐빔

bustle ↔ calm, peace, stillness, orderliness

busybody [bízibɑ di / -bɔ di] n. 엄청 참견하는 놈 : a person who meddles or pries into the affairs of others

ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusiveness : ardent : zeal

butt [bʌt] v. 머리로 들이받다 : to thrust or push head foremost; strike with the head or

horns butt : head :: nudge : elbow nudge 팔꿈치로 찌르다, 가볍게 다

butter n. butter : margarine :: sugar : saccharin (천연물 : 인공물)

buttress [bʌ tris] n. v. 부벽(扶壁), 지지하다 buttress : wall :: strut : wing (A support B) strut 뽐내며 걷다, 과시하다; 버팀목, 지주

buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress : edifice, building :: splint : limb :: splint : fracture edifice 큰 건물, 건축물; 체계, 조직 splint (접골용) 부목 limb 팔다리, 사지 fracture 골절; 부서지기, 파손; 갈라진 틈

aegis : protection :: buttress : support aegis [í:dʒis] 보호, 후원

buttress ↔ contravene, challenge contravene 모순되다, 충돌하다; 깨뜨리다, 위반하다

bygone[báigɔ ːn, -gɑ n / -gɔ n] n. 과거지사 : PAST, OUTMODED

byline [báilàin] n. 필자 이름을 적는 줄 : a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine article,

or book giving the writer's name newspaper : byline :: letter : signature (play : script는 오답) article : byline :: movie : credits

Byzantine [bízənti:n, bizǽntain] adj. 비잔틴 양식의; 권모술수를 쓰는; 복잡한, 뒤얽힌

often byzantine 1. of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or

devious 2. highly complicated; intricate and involved

byzantine ↔ straightforward

C cabal [kəbǽl] n. 음모단, 비 결사, (예술계의) 파벌, 음모 v. 도

당을 짜다, 음모를 꾸미다 1. a conspiratorial group of plotters or intriguers 2. a secret scheme or plot

cabal : association :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) plot 은 한 계획, 계략, 음모 a secret plan to accomplish a hostile

or illegal purpose cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator cabal : crime :: coterie : interest

cache [kæʃ] n. 은닉처 : a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of valuables

cache : hidden, hoard :: (summit : inaccessible의 경우 summit은 accessible하므로 오답) summit 최고점, 정상, 꼭 기; 절정, 극한

cachet [kæʃéi] n. 인장, 관인; 공식 인가

1. a mark or a quality, as of distinction, individuality, or authenticity

2. a seal on a document, such as a letter cachet ↔ mark of disapprobation

cackle [kǽkl] 낄낄 웃다, 지껄여 다 cackle : laugh ::

cacophony [kækɑ fəni / -kɔ f-] n. 불협화음 : DISSONANCE : harsh or discordant sound * cacophonous adj.

cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent :: glare : light glare 번쩍이는 빛; 노려보기, 쏘아보기

cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill gaucherie 무뚝뚝함, 눈치 없음, 서투름, 어색함 an awkward or

tactless act, manner, or expression cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel 상류 사회의, 품위 있는, 우아한 churl 버릇없는 사람; 구두쇠

malodorous : smell :: cacophony, jarring : sound jar 병, 단지; 덜커덕거리다, 귀에 거슬리는 소리를 내다

fetid : smell :: cacophonous : sound fetid 악취가 나는, 냄새가 고약한 having an offensive odor

cacophony ↔ euphony, harmony cacophonous ↔ dulcet, euphonious dulcet 선율이 아름다운, 기분 좋은

cadet [kədét] n. 신참, 막내; 사관학교 생도 1. a student at a military school who is training to be an

officer 2. a. a younger son or brother b. a youngest son

cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog

cadge [kædʒ] v. 억지로 얻어내다 : BEG, SPONGE : to beg or obtain by begging : to ask someone for food or cigarettes because you do not

have any or do not want to pay (롱맨) cadge ↔ earn (타의와 자의)

cagey [kéidʒi] adj. 빈틈없는, 정체를 드러내지 않는, 말없는 * caginess n.

caginess ↔ incautiousness

caisson [kéisən, -san / -sɔn] n.(수중 공사용) 상자; 격리실; 탄약 상자; 무기 운반 수레

chevron : badge :: caisson : cart

cajole [kədʒóul] v. (감언이설로) 부추겨 ∼하게하다 : COAX 1. to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery;

cajole 2. to obtain by persistent persuasion

cajolery : hesitation :: clarity : misunderstanding blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion wheedle 구슬리다, 감언으로 꾀다 to persuade or attempt to persuade

by flattery or guile extort 강요하다, 강탈하다; 억지로 끌어내다 to obtain from another

by coercion or intimidation coercion 강제, 강요

cajole : reluctance :: clarification : misunderstanding

calamitous [kəlǽmitəs] a. 재앙을 가져오는, 불행한, 비참한 : being, causing, or accompanied by calamity; disastrous

calamitous ↔ felicific felicific 행복을 가져오는, 행복하게 하는, 행복을 가치의 기준으로 삼는 (cf>felicitous (행동, 표현이) 적절한, 들어맞는 (사람이) 표현을 잘하는 felicity 행복, 표현의 멋들어짐, 적절한 표현의 두 가지 뜻)

calcify [kǽlsəfài] vi. 경화시키다

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: to make inflexible or unchangeable calcium : mineral :: sugar : carbohydrate (A ∈ B) calcification ↔ flexibility calcify ↔ make/become malleable/pliant/flexible malleable (금속을) 벼릴 수 있는; 적응성이 있는, 유순한

calf [kæf, kɑːf] n. bull, whale, elephant의 새끼

calibrate [kǽləbrèit] v.t. 구경을 재다, 표준에 따라 조사하다 1. to check, adjust, or determine by comparison with a

standard 2. to determine the caliber of (a tube) 3. to make corrections in; adjust

measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth :: gauge : pressure calibrated ↔ unstandardized, unsubstantialized

calligrapher [kəlígrəfər] n. 서예가 : one who writes a beautiful

bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food (calligrapher : handwriting 관계는 오답)

calligraphy 달필; 필적, 서법 calligraphy : scribble :: sonnet : doggerel

callous [kǽləs] a. (피부가) 굳어진, 못이 박힌; 무감각한, 냉담한, 무정한, v. 무감각하게 하다, n. =callus (못)

adj. 1. having calluses; toughened 2. emotionally hardened; unfeeling

callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL) 무감각(냉담)하게하다:무감각(냉담)::속이다:표리부동(속이는것) (v:n) impassive 무감동한, 냉담한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의 dupe; v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다 n. 곧잘 속는 사람

callous : moved :: callous ↔ sympathetic, compassionate sympathetic 동정적인 compassionate 인정 많은, 가엽게 여기는(sympathetic) feeling or

showing compassion; sympathetic

callow [kǽlou] a. 풋내기의 : IMMATURE, GREENHORN : lacking adult sophistication

frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity (OPPOSITE) callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced :: capricious : deliberate expertise : green (OPPOSITE) expertise 전문가의 의견, 전문 기술/지식

experience : green :: pelf : impecunious pelf (경멸적) 부 wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly

acquired impecunious 무일푼의, 가난한 lacking money; penniless

apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature apoplectic 졸중의, 중풍의; 몹시 흥분한

callow ↔ behaving with sophistication, mature

callus [kǽləs] n. 피부경결, 못 gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A) gully 작은 협곡

calorie [kǽləri] n. 칼로리 power : watt :: heat : calorie :: sound : decibel :: electricity : volt heat : calorie :: liquid : gallons :: distance : odometer odometer 주행 거리계

calumny [kǽləmni] n. 비방, 중상 1. a false statement maliciously made to injure another's

reputation 2. the utterance of maliciously false statements; slander * calumnious adj. * calumniate [kəlʌ mnièit] v. 비방하다, 중상하다 : to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or

imputations about calumny ↔ approbation, eulogy, flattering, praise approbation 찬성, 승인; 칭찬, 찬양

corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood corroborate (신념 등을) 강하게 하다

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony calumny 명예 훼손, 중상, 비방 perjury 위증

calumny : representation :: perjury : testimony calumniate ↔ vindicate vindicate 비난/혐의 등을 풀다; 정당화하다, 옳음을 밝히다

calumnious ↔ flattering

camaraderie [kæ mərǽdəri, -rɑ ːd-, kɑ ːmərɑ ːd-] n. 우정 : a spirit of friendly good-fellowship

camaraderie, comity ↔ enmity comity 예의, 예절 an atmosphere of social harmony enmity deep-seated, often mutual hatred

cameo [kǽmiòu] n. 보석, 조가비 등에 새기는 작은 양각 ; (영화 등의 한 장면에 한한) 명배우의 등장 a. 작은, 카메오의

1. a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell 2. a brief but dramatic appearance of a prominent actor, as in

a single scene of a motion picture cameo : sculpture :: peccadillo : offense :: knoll : hill (A는 작은 B) (truck : vehicle, sedan : automobile의 경우 오답!!) blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance (A = 짧은 B) blurb (책의 커버, 띠 등에 쓰는) 짧은 광고 a brief publicity notice, as

on a book jacket cameo ↔ leading role

camouflage [kǽməflɑ ːʒ] n. 변장, 위장; 속임수 1. the method or result of concealing personnel or equipment

from an enemy by making them appear to be pat of the natural surroundings

2. concealment by disguise or protective coloring 3. fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown, tan,

and black so as to make the wearer indistinguishable from the surrounding environment

camouflage : location :: code : meaning (A는 B를 숨김) camouflage : location :: mask : face camouflage : deception :: flattery : ingratiating camouflage : detection :: disguise : identification camouflage : detection :: malinger : duty malinger 꾀병을 부리다 to feign illness or other incapacity in order to

avoid duty or work mimicry : camouflage :: variation : mutation ballast : stabilization :: camouflage : indetection (PURPOSE) camouflage ↔ exposure

canard [kənɑ ːrd] n. 헛소문, 유언비어 : an unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story

aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive (목적)

candid [kǽndid] a. 솔직한, 정직한 candid : ingenuousness ::

candidate [kǽndidèit, -dit] n. 후보자 roster : personnel :: slate : candidate roster 근무 당번표; 명단 slate 슬레이트, 석판; 후보자 명단

ballot : candidates :: ballot 투표용지; 투표; 후보자 명부

candor [kǽndər] n. 공평무사, 솔직함 : FORTHRIGHTNESS : freedom from prejudice or malice

palter : candor :: budge : diehard palter 적당히 얼버무리다, 속이다 budge 조금 움직이다, (의견을) 바꾸다

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disingenuous : candor :: (OPPOSITE) candor : subterfuge :: brashness : deliberation (A에는 B가 없음) subterfuge 핑계, 구실 a deceptive stratagem or device brash 성급한, 무모한; 버릇없는, 노골적인

palter : candor :: betray : loyalty candor ↔ artifice, mendacity artifice 교묘한 책략, 농간 mendacity 부정직한 일; 거짓, 허위

cane [kein] n. 지팡이 cane : walk :: glasses : see (도구 : 목적)

canon [kǽnən] n. 규범, 진짜 작품으로 인정되는 것 : an accepted principle or rule; the authentic works of a

writer * canonical adj.

religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy orthodoxy 정통파적 신념; 정설, 정통성

canonical : conforming :: qualified : limited qualified 자질이 있는, 안성맞춤인; 조건부의, 제한된

canon ↔ apocrypha apocrypha [əpákrəfə] 경외전; 전거가 불확실한 문서

canonical ↔ nontraditional, heterodox canonize ↔ debase, vilify, forbid, condemn, disrespect

canopy [kǽnəpi] n. 닫집, 덮개, 차양 canopy : cover :: tag : identify (A의 목적 = B)

cantankerous [kəntǽŋkərəs, kæn-] a. 성미 급한, 다루기 어려운 1. ill-tempered and quarrelsome; disagreeable 2. difficult to handle

canvas [kǽnvəs] n. 캔버스, 화포; 유화, 그림 canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor easel : canvas :: tripod : camera

canvass [kǽnvəs] v. 간청하다; (투표를) 부탁하다 : SOLICIT 1. to examine carefully or discuss thoroughly; scrutinize 2. a. to go through (a region) or go to (persons) to solicit

votes or orders b. to conduct a survey of (public opinion); poll

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass (A = B하는 사람) exponent 주창자, 표적인 인물/것 pollster 여론 조사원

canyon [kǽnjən] n. 깊은 협곡 ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern (A << B) burrow (토끼, 여우 등의) 작은 굴; 피난처, 은신처

capacious [kəpéiʃəs] a. 널찍한, 도량이 큰 : SPACIOUS : capable of containing a large quantity; spacious or roomy

capitulate [kəpítʃəlèit] v. 항복하다, 저항을 그만두다, 복종하다 1. to surrender under specified conditions 2. to give up all resistance; acquiesce

capitulate ↔ resist, oppose, stand firm, fight, defend, withhold capitulation ↔ resistance

caprice [kəpríːs] n. 변덕 1. an impulsive change of mind 2. an inclination to change one's mind impulsively 3. a sudden, unpredictable action, change, or series of

actions or changes * capricious adj. 변덕스러운

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning (CHARACTER)

capricious : whim (CHARACTER) capricious : constancy :: (A lack B) impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberation caprice : deliberate :: insubordinate : submissive insubordinate a. 복종하지 않는, 반항하는 n. 반항자

caprice : predict :: (A = B하기 어려운) capricious : change :: (A = B하기 쉬운) caprice : whim :: objective : fact caprice : whimsical :: perspicacity : acute perspicacious 통찰력 있는, 명민한

caprice : whimsical :: insight, foresight : prudent :: effulgence : resplendent

capricious ↔ constant, deliberate, pertinacious, resolute, steadfast caprice ↔ confirmation

captious [kǽpʃəs] adj. 헐뜯는 captious : please :: (A는 B하지 않는) captious ↔ tolerant

captivate [kǽptəvèit] v.t. 마음을 사로잡다 : to attract and hold by charm, beauty, or excellence

captivate ↔ repulse repulse ~을 지겹게 하다, ~을 거절하다, 불쾌하게 만들다

captor [kǽptər] n. 사로잡는 사람, 포획자; (상의) 획득자 captor ↔ liberator

cardinal [ká:rdinəl] adj. 근본적인, 으뜸인; 진홍/주홍색의 1. of foremost importance; paramount 2. (color) dark to deep or vivid red

cardinal ↔ minor

carefree [kɛ ərfrìː] adj. 근심 없는, 낙천적인 free of worries and responsibilities

carefree : responsibility :: hidebound : flexibility (LACK)

caretaker [kɛ ərtèikər] n. 임시 리인, 관리인 1. one that is employed to look after or take charge of goods,

property, or a person; a custodian 2. one that temporarily performs the duties of an office

custodian 관리인; 수위 janitor 문지기, 수위

careworn [kɛ ərwɔ ːrn] a. 근심 걱정에 초췌한 : showing the effect of grief or anxiety

careworn ↔ lighthearted, fresh, healthy

caret [kǽrət] n. 삽입 지시 기호 a proofreading symbol(^) used to indicate where something

is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter caret : insertion :: comma : pause

caricature [kǽrikətʃùər, -tʃər] n. 풍자만화 : exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts

or characteristics brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature caricature : presentation :: illustrator : caricaturist :: essayist : satirist

carnal [kɑ ːrnl] a. 속세의, 육체적인 1. relating to or given to crude bodily pleasures and appetites 2. worldly or earthly; temporal 3. of or relating to the body or flesh; bodily

carnal ↔ spiritual, intangible

carouse [kəráuz] v. 떠들썩하게 마시다, 흥청 다

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1. to engage in boisterous, drunken merrymaking 2. to drink excessively n. boisterous, drunken merrymaking; a carousal

roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw roister 으스 다; (술 마시며) 법석을 떨다 recluse 은둔자, 수도사

carouse ↔ behave soberly

carp [kɑːrp] vi. 트집을 잡다 : to find fault in a disagreeable way; complain fretfully

caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious cavil [kǽvəl] 덮어놓고 이의를 제기하다, 말도 안되는 소리를 늘어

놓다 libertine 방탕자, 난봉꾼; 자유사상가 licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 방탕한, 부도덕한

complain : carp :: drink : guzzle (A << B)

carpentry [ka:rpəntri] n. 목공, 목수 직업, 목공품 * carpenter n. 목수

carpentry : craft :: (A는 B의 종류) wood : carpenter :: brick : mason trade : carpentry :: clothing : outfit (B는 A의 종류) trade 전문 직업 an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor

cartographer [kɑːrtɑ grəfər / -tɔ g-] n. 지도 제작자 cartographer : map :: tailor : clothing :: weaver : cloth :: lexicographer : dictionary

carve [kａə:rv] v. 조각하다, 새기다; (고기를) 엷게 썰다, 베어내다 1. a. to divide into pieces by cutting; slice b. to divide by parceling out 2. to cut into a desired shape; fashion by cutting 3. to make or form by or as if by cutting 4. to decorate by cutting and shaping carefully

carve : turkey :: slice : cake

cascade [kæskéid] n. 폭포 v. ~을 폭포처럼 떨어뜨리다 cascade ↔ trickle, drip trickle 조금씩 흘리다, 똑똑 떨어뜨리다

cast [kæst, kɑːst] n. v. 배역(하다) : the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a

certain role to (an actor) appoint : official :: cast : actor (cast 는 동사) cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator :: choir : singer :: corporation : employee :: company : employee (cast 는 명사로 ‘배역진’) cabal 음모단, 비 결사; 음모

letter : signature :: playbill : cast :: playbill : actor :: recipe : ingredient (A have B) playbill 연극 프로그램, 선전 전단 a poster announcing a theatrical

performance

castigate [kǽstəgèit] v. 혹평하다 1. to inflict severe punishment on 2. to criticize severely

castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior :: blasphemy : irreverence (A >> B) blasphemy 신성모독 irreverence 불경

castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial :: loathing : dislike :: soaking : damp (A >> B) reprove to voice or convey disapproval of denounce 비난하다; 고발하다

peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigate ↔ extol, flatter, highly praise, commend, admire, accolade castigation ↔ approbation, flatter, accolade, extol

castle [kǽsl, kɑ ːsl] n. 성 castle : turret :: sea : beacon beacon 봉화; 등

catalyze [kǽtəlàiz] v.t. 촉진시키다 : BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE enzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe (A ∈ B) enzyme 효소 biochemical catalyst

catalytic : initiate :: synthetic : create supervisor : oversight :: catalyst : initiate (A = B하는 사람/물건) catalyze ↔ inhibit, retard, prevent catalyst ↔ prevention, inhibitor

catastrophe [kətǽstrəfi] n. 재앙 1. a great, often sudden calamity 2. a complete failure; a fiasco 3. the concluding action of a drama, especially a classical

tragedy, following the climax and containing a resolution of the plot

4. a sudden violent change in the earth's surface; a cataclysm catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) mishap 불행한 사건

oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic (CHARACTER) oxymoron 모순어법

categorical [kæ təgɔ ːrikəl, -gɑ r- / -gɔ r-] a. 무조건의 : ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIED

1. being without exception or qualification; absolute 2. of or relating to a category or categories; according to or

using categories categorical ↔ qualified, conditional

cater [kéitər] vi. 제공하다; 요구에 맞춰 주다 : to provide food or entertainment; to supply what is required

or desired

caterwaul [kǽtərwɔ ːl] v. (고양이가) 야옹 울다

catholic [kǽθəlik] a. 보편적인, 비편파적인 : UNIVERSAL 1. of broad or liberal scope; comprehensive 2. including or concerning all humankind; universal

catholic ↔ narrow

caustic [kɔ ːstik] a. 신랄한, 부식의 : a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by

chemical action 1. capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away

by chemical action 2. corrosive and bitingly trenchant; cutting 3. causing a burning or stinging sensation, as from intense

emotion barb : caustic :: pan : harsh caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry (A = B하게 하는 물질) desiccant 건조제

caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve caustic ↔ palliating, genial, smooth, kind, innocuous, mild, pliant, sweet, conciliatory, savory, mollifying palliate 변명하다, 꾸며 다; 일시적으로 완화시키다

cautious [kɔ :∫əs] adj. 신중한, 주의를 기울이는 1. showing or practicing caution; careful 2. tentative or restrained; guarded

cautious ↔ rash thriftiness : miserliness :: cautiousness : pusillanimity

cavalier [kævəlíər] n. 기사, 기사도 정신의 사람 a. 건방진, 거만

한; 호탕한, 되는 로의 v. adj. 1. showing arrogant or offhand disregard; dismissive 2. carefree and nonchalant; jaunty * cavalierly a. 기사다운, 거만한 adv. 기사답게, 거만하게 * chivalrous a. 용감한, 기사도의

jaunty 쾌활한, 근심 없는; 의기양양한; 멋 s부리는 cavalierly : deliberation :: (LACK) rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy (cavalier : arrogant 관계는 오답. 명사일 때는 ‘기사도 정신(긍정적)’

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arrogant 아님 / 형용사일 때는 arrogant) rapscallion 악한, 깡패 mischievous 유해한; 장난기 어린, 말썽을 부리는 sluggard 게으름뱅이, 건달

cavalier ↔ humble, obliging, modest

caveat [kéiviæ t] n. 경고, 주의; (法) 절차 정지 신청의 예고 1. a. a warning or caution b. a qualification or explanation 2. (law) a formal notice filed by an interested party with a

court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard

overture : introductory :: caveat : warning :: caveat : cautionary preamble : introductory :: caveat : precautious preamble 서문, 머리말; 전조

cavern [kǽvərn] n. 큰 동굴 ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern cavern : spelunker :: star : astronomer (A=B를 탐사, 조사하는 사람) spelunker [spilʌ ŋkər] 동굴 탐험가(취미로라도) One who explores

and studies caves chiefly as a hobby. grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel grotto 작은 동굴 arroyo [erɔ iou] 작은 협곡

cavil [kǽvəl] v. 트집 잡다 : to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections

cavil : criticize, object :: prate : talk :: saunter : walk (A는 B를 사소하게, 목적 없이 하다)

caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 방종한, 부도덕한

encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil encomiast 찬양자 a person who delivers or writes an encomium; a

eulogist quibble 트집을 잡다; 험담을 하다 = cavil

nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (trivial B = A) nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details

faultfinding : criticize :: nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil

cavort [kəvɔ ːrt] v. (신나서) 뛰어 다니다 : PRANCE : to walk or move in a spirited manner 1. to bound or prance about in a sprightly manner; caper 2. to have lively or boisterous fun; romp

dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly dodder 몸을 떨다; 비틀거리며 걷다

cavort ↔ trudge, restrain, behave trudge to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod

cease [si:s] v. 중단하다 : to put an end to; discontinue

cease ↔ commence, evolve, inaugurate inaugurate 취임시키다; 개시하다, 발족/창시하다

cede [siːd] v. 양도하다 1. to surrender possession of, especially by treaty 2. to yield; grant

cede : possession :: cede ↔ possess

celebrity [səlébrəti] n. 유명 인사; 유명 RENOWN 1. a famous person 2. renown; fame

renown 유명 the quality of being widely honored and acclaimed; fame celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) decry 헐뜯다, 깎아내리다, 비난하다

celebrity, renown ↔ anonymity, obscurity, insignificance, inconsequence obscurity 애매한 상태; 어둠, 불분명한 사물; 세상에 알려지지 않

은 상태

celerity [səlérəti] n. 신속 celerity ↔ delay, languor, sluggishness

cell [sel] n. 세포, 독실, 독방 cell : membrane :: seed : hull (B = A를 감싸고 있음) cell : confined :: (CHARACTER)

cement [simént] v. 결합하다 : to unite or make firm by or as if by cement

cement ↔ fracture, sever sever 절단/분리하다; (관계를) 끊다; 이간하다(break up)

censor [sénsər] v.t. n. 검열관, 검열하다 1. a person authorized to examine books, films, or other

material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable

2. an official, as in the armed forces, who examines personal mail and official dispatches to remove information considered secret or a risk to security

3. one that condemns or censures 잔소리꾼 censorship : communication :: preservative : decay (A prohibit B) censorship : information :: sanitation : disease (A prevent B) sanitation 공중위생, 위생 설비

vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate vendor, vender 파는 사람, 행상인 purvey 조달/공급하다 expurgate (책, 영화 등을) 수정하다; (부도덕한 것을) 정화하다

salesman : buy :: censor : expunge :: proselytizer : convert :: grandstand : impress expunge 지우다, 삭제하다

censorious [sensɔ ːriəs] a. 몹시 비판적인 1. tending to censure; highly critical 2. expressing censure

censorious : critical :: (A >> B) censorious : censor :: recalcitrant : resist recalcitrant 저항하는, 다루기 어려운

censorious ↔ eulogistic

censure [sénʃər] n. v. 비난, 혹평(하다) : to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy n. 1. an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism 2. an official rebuke, as by a legislature of one of its member

lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure lamentable 슬퍼할, 통탄할, 유감스러운 reprehensible 야단맞아 싼, 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke

or censure; blameworthy remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure :: syllogism : disprove (B use A) remonstrance 항변; 충고, 간언, 타이름 remonstrate to say or plead in protest, objection or reproof syllogism 삼단 논법

censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE) reprehensible 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한

censure ↔ applaud, applause, exonerate, extol, commend, exonerate, adulate exonerate (고소, 책임 등에서) 해방하다, 면제하다

census [sénsəs] n. 인구 조사 : a usually complete enumeration of a population

census : population :: inventory : stock, merchandise

centrifuge [séntrəfjùːdʒ] n. 원심 분리기 centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain colander 음식물을 건조시키거나 헹구는 도구

ceramic [sərǽmik] n. 도자기 shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard 도자기 파편 crumb 빵 부스러기, 작은 조각

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ceremony [sérəmòuni / -məni] n. 의식 affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A ∈ B) affidavit 선서 진술

certainty 1. the fact, quality, or state of being certain 2. something that is clearly established or assured

certainty, certitude ↔ indecision, obscurity indecision 우유부단, 망설임 reluctance or an inability to make up

one's mind; irresolution

certitude [sə ːrtətjùːd] n. 확신 : the state of being or feeling certain

certitude ↔ obscurity

cessation [seséiʃən] n. 중지, 정지 : STOP : a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing

cessation ↔ commencement, start(시작), continuation(지속) commencement 시작, 개시; 학위 수여식

chaff [tʃæf / tʃɑːf] n. 왕겨 winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities winnow 까부르다, 키질하다; 가려내다, 선별하다

chaff : wheat :: shell : pecan :: shell : peanut :: peel : banana pecan (얇은 껍질이 있는) 피칸 열매

dross : metal :: chaff : grain

chagrin [ʃəgrín / ʃǽgrin] n. 원통함, 분함 : disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation.

disappointment, or failure chagrin : mind :: grimace : face grimace [gríməs] 찡그린 상, 우거지상

chagrin ↔ elation, cheerfulness, contentment, proud satisfaction, delight elation 의기양양함, 우쭐댐 elate 의기양양하게 하다, 기운을 북돋우다 to make proud or joyful

challenge 도전, 신천; 이의, 항의 challenge ↔ buttress

chamber [tʃéimbər] n. 방/공무 집행실 : a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity

chameleon [kəmíːliən, -ljən] n. 카멜레온 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology [ìkθiálədʒi] 어류학 herpetology 양서류학

champion [tʃǽmpiən] v.t. 지지, 옹호하다 : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE

: to fight for, defend, or support as a champion champion ↔ disparage, impugn, oppose disparage 비난을 초래하다, 신용을 떨어뜨리다; 깔보다, 경시하다 impugn 비난하다, 논박하다, 이의를 제기하다

channel [tʃǽnl] v. 관심을 돌리다; (수로를) 파다 : to direct or guide along some desired course

channel ↔ evade, disperse

chaotic [keiɑ tik / -ɔ t-] a. 혼돈의 chaos : predictability :: pallor : color (LACK) chaotic ↔ strictly structured, strictly featured

chaperon [∫ǽpəroun] n.

1. a person, especially an older or married woman, who accompanies a young unmarried woman in public.

2. an older person who attends and supervises a social gathering for young people.

3. A guide or companion whose purpose is to ensure propriety or restrict activity

chaperon : propriety ::

chaplain [tʃǽplin] n. 지도 신부, 군목(軍牧); 의전 담당원 a clergyman officially attached to a branch of the military, to

an institution. or to a family or court chaplain : religious ::

charade [ʃəréid / -rɑ ːd] n. 몸짓으로 말을 표현하는 게임; (쉽게 드러나는) 가장, 속임

1. a game in which words or phrases are represented in pantomime

2. a readily perceived pretense charade : word :: mime : story charade : dissimulate :: void : empty dissimulate (감정 등을) 숨기다, ∼인척하다 empty v. 비우다, 비게 되다

charismatic a. 카리스마적인 charisma : 1. a rare personal quality attributed to leaders who arouse

fervent popular devotion and enthusiasm 2. personal magnetism or charm: a television news program

famed for the charisma of its anchors charismatic : appeal :: presumptuous : panache charismatic ↔ lackluster (awkward, pliant, complacent, melancholic는 오답)

charismatic ↔ repugnant

charitable [t∫ǽritəbl] adj. 관 한, 자비로운 1. generous in giving money or other help to the needy 2. mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient 3. of, for, or concerned with charity

charitable : malign :: (OPPOSITE) rancor ↔ good will, concord, charitableness charitable ↔ malign, harsh, heartless

charlatan [ʃɑ ːrlətən] n. 돌팔이, 사기꾼 : FRAUD, FAKER : a person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often

voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud charlatan : deceive :: mentor : guide, advise :: juggernaut : crush

chary [tʃɛəri] a. 낯을 가리는, 신중한, 삼가는 1. very cautious; wary 2. not giving or expending freely; sparing

chary : caution :: imperturbable : composure (A have B) chary ↔ bold, rash

chasm [kǽzəm] n. 깊은 틈, 단절 : GORGE : a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth)

cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) cleft 쪼개진 틈; 파편 gash 큰/깊은 상처(slash) a long, deep cut; a deep flesh wound

chaste [tʃeist] adj. 순결한 chaste ↔ wanton wanton 바람기 있는, 부정한, 외설스런, 음탕한, 지나치게 화려한 chaste ↔ corrupt, defiled defile ~을 더럽히다, 불결하게 하다, ~을 모독하다, (명성, 평한 등을) 더럽히다, 훼손하다

chasten [tʃéisən] v. 징벌하다 : to correct by punishment or reproof; take to task.

chasten : humbled :: vex : irritate (A는 B하게 만들다) chasten ↔ reward

chateau [∫ætóu] n. (프랑스의) 성, 큰 집 1. a. A French castle. b. A French manor house. 2. A large country house.

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chateau : dwelling :: sedan : automobile (A는 B의 종류)

chauvinism n. 맹목적 애국주의; 차별주의 1. militant devotion to and glorification of one's country;

fanatical patriotism 2. prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender,

group, or kind * chauvinist 열광적 애국자(의) * chauvinistic 열광적 애국자의

patriotic : chauvinistic :: receptive : gullible (A << B) chauvinist : patriotism :: miser : thrift (빅북) chauvinism : patriotism :: meticulousness : carefulness (A >> B, A는 부정적 의미 내포) (dictatorship : democracy는 오답)

check [tʃek] n. v. 갑작스러운 방해 : to block the progress of

jolt : move :: check : stop jolt (급히 난폭하게) 흔들다, 마구 뒤흔들다; 놀라게 하다

check ↔ propagate, hasten, goad goad 막 기로 찌르다/몰아 다; 부추기다, 선동하다

chef [ʃef] n. 요리사 author : novel :: chef : banquet :: writer : novel chef : kitchen :: scientist : laboratory :: chemist : laboratory

cherish [tʃériʃ] v. 소중히 하다, 귀여워하다; (소원 등을) 품다 1. to treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear 2. to keep fondly in mind; entertain

cherubic [tʃərúːbik] a. 순진무구한, 케루빔 천사와 같은 cherubic ↔ somber somber [sámbər] 어두컴컴한, 음산한; 칙칙한; 우울한

chevron [ʃévrən] n. 갈매기 표(계급장) chevron : badge :: caisson : cart caisson [kéisan] (수중 공사용) 상자; 격리실; 탄약 상자; 무기 운반

수레

chiaroscuro [kiɑ ːrəskjúːrou] n. 명암 조법 1. the technique of using light and shade in pictorial

representation 2. the arrangement of light and dark elements in a pictorial

work of art chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy tapestry 다양한 색을 사용한 장식용 양탄자 intricacy 복잡(함) filigree 금/은 선세공; 매우 섬세/우아한 것

chic [ʃi(ː)k] a. 맵시 있는 1. conforming to the current fashion; stylish 2. adopting or setting current fashions and styles;

sophisticated

chicanery [ʃikéinəri] n. 속임수, 얼버무리기, 발뺌; 핑계 : TRICKERY

1. deception by trickery or sophistry 2. a trick; a subterfuge

gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful (속임수 : 교묘한, 솜씨있는, 눈치빠른 :: 재치 없는 : 진실인, 옳은) (빅북 14-6) chicanery는 clever한데 속이기 위해 clever하니까 부정적, tactlessness는 truthful하긴 한데 미련한 truthful이니까 부정적)

chicanery ↔ guilelessness, honest dealing, scrupulous practice, aboveboard action, forthrightness, lack of suberfuge, absence of guile, absence of trick, probity, lack of trickiness

probity 정직, 성실, 청렴 scrupulous 빈틈없는, 면 한; 양심적인; 신중한

chide [tʃaid] v. 꾸짖다, 잔소리하다 : SCOLD : to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand

chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) pillory n. 오명 v. 칼을 씌워 구경거리로 만들다, 중의 조롱거리로

만들다 humor 비위를 맞추다, 만족시키다 mollycoddle 응석받이 to be overprotective and indulgent toward

chide praise

chimera [kaimí(:)ərə] n. 가공의 괴물, 망상 melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) chimera ↔ real possibility

chip [tʃip] n. 조각 chip : stone :: shard : glass

choke [tʃouk] v.t. 질식 시키다, 숨 막히게 하다; (행동 등을) 억제

하다 → 숨이 막히지만 죽을 정도는 아니다. 1. to interfere with the respiration of by compression or

obstruction of the larynx(후두) or trachea(기관, 호흡관) 2. a. to check or slow down the movement, growth, or action

of b. to block up or obstruct by filling or clogging c. to fill up completely; jam

smother : choke :: smother 덮다, 싸다; 질식시키다, 숨막히게 하다

* smother 1. a. to suffocate (another) b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen

necessary for combustion 2. to conceal, suppress, or hide 3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff 4. to lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone)

* suffocate 1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen 2. to impair the respiration of 3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the supply of fresh

air 4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity of; stifle

* stifle 1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example) 2. to keep in or hold back; repress 3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate

choleric [kɑ lərik / kɔ l-] a. 화 잘 내는, 성마른 1. easily angered; bad-tempered 2. showing or expressing anger

cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다

choleric : anger :: choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse :: partial : bias rile 화나게 하다 rouse 깨우다, 각성시키다, 분발하게 하다 bias 편견(선입관)을 품게 하다

choleric ↔ difficult to provoke, pacific, slow to anger

choir [kwaiə:r] n. 성가 , 합창 ; 악단 choir : singer :: cast : actor :: bouquet : flower

chord [kɔːrd] n. 화음 : a combination of tree or more usually concordant tones

sounded simultaneously chord : note, tone :: grove : tree :: constellation : star (A = B가 모여서 된 것)

cf. colonnade : pillar :: queue : person (일렬로 선 것)

choreography [kɔ ːriɑ grəfi / kɔ ːriɔ g-] n. 안무 : the composition and arrangement of dances especially for

ballet * choreographer n. 안무가

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choreography : dance :: plot : story choreographer : movement :: architect : building (sculptor : statue 관계는 오답)

chortle [tʃɔ ːrtl] n. 득의에 찬 웃음 v. 기쁜 듯이 웃다 chortle : amusement :: sneer : contempt

chorus n. 합창단 troupe : perform :: chorus : sing (A = B하는 사람들) troupe [tru:p] (배우 등의) 일행, 일단

chromatic [kroumǽtik] a. 색채의; (음악) 반음계의 1. a. relating to colors or color b. relating to color perceived to have a saturation greater

than zero 2. (music) a. of, relating to, or based on the chromatic scale b. relating to chords or harmonies based on nonharmonic

tones chromatic ↔ colorless

chronic [krɑ nik / krɔ n-] a. 상습적인, 만성의 : INVETERATE 1. of long duration; continuing 2. lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent

recurrence, as certain diseases 3. subject to a habit or pattern of behavior for a long time

chronic ↔ sporadic

chronicle [krɑ nikl / krɔ n-] n. 연 기, 편년사

chronological [krɑ nəlɑ dʒikəl / krɔ nəlɔ dʒikəl] a. 연 순의 dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological

chuckle [t∫ʌ kl] v. 킬킬 웃다, 소리 없이 웃다; 꼬꼬 울다 1. to laugh quietly or to oneself 2. to cluck or chuck, as a hen

chuckle : laughing :: whisper : speaking

chunk [tʃʌŋk] n. 한 덩어리 1. a thick mass of piece 2. (informal) a substantial amount

chunk ↔ flake flake 얇은 조각, 파편, 단편

churl [t∫ə:rl] n. 야비한 사람, 촌뜨기; 고집쟁이 1. a rude, boorish person 2. a miserly person

churl : affront :: instigator : foment affront 모욕하다, 창피를 주다; 직면하다(confront), 과감히 맞서다

churlish [tʃə (ː)rliʃ] a. 촌뜨기의, 막돼먹은, 무뚝뚝한 : SURLY : marked by a lack of civility or graciousness 1. of, like, or befitting a churl; boorish or vulgar 2. having a bad disposition 3. difficult to work with, such as soil; intractable

annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver uncouth [ʌnkú:θ] 어색한, 꼴불견의, 무례한; 괴상한, 기묘한 connive [kənáiv] 공모하다, 음모를 꾸미다; 묵인하다, 너그러이 봐

주다 cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel 상류 사회의, 품위 있는, 우아한

churlish : affront :: formidable : intimidate (EQUAL, 형 : 동) formidable 무서운, 용기를 꺾는, 위협적인

churlishness ↔ complaisance complaisance the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of

others; amiability churlish ↔ genteel

cinch [sint∫] n. 꽉 잡기; 확실한 일, 쉬운 일 v. ~을 단단히 매다; ~

을 꽉 잡다 cinch ↔ difficulty cinch ↔ free, loosen, unbind cinch ↔ be uncertain, be unsure

cinder [síndər] n. 타다 남은 덩어리, 재, 쇠똥(slag)

cineast, cineaste [síniæ st, -əst], [-æ st] n. 영화광 : a devotee of motion pictures

cineast : film :: gourmand : food

cipher [sáifər] n. 암호 cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise precis 요약, 개요 a concise summary of a book, an article, or another

text; an abstract cipher : crack ::

circuitous [səːrkjúːitəs] a. 완곡한, 에우르는 : not being forthright or direct in language or action * circuity n.

immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness (OPPOSITE) immaterial 중요하지 않은, 하찮은; 무형의, 정신적인

circuitous : directness :: irresolute : decision circuitous : straightforward :: varicolored : monochromatic (OPPOSITE) circuity ↔ forthrightness, straightforwardness, directness circuitous ↔ direct

circular [sə :rkjulə:r] adj. 원의, 둥근; 에둘러 말하는, 완곡한 circuitous; roundabout

circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE)

circumference [sərkʌ mfərəns] n. 원주 border : country :: circumference : circle circumference : circle :: perimeter : rectangle

circumlocution [sə ːrkəmloukjúːʃən] n. 장황한 말투,둘러 기 1. the use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language 2. evasion in speech or writing 3. a roundabout expression

circumlocutory ↔ straightforward, succinctly expressed circumlocution ↔ pithy uttering, aphoristic uttering, straightforward utter, direct encounter, succinctness

circumscribe [sə ːrkəmskráib, --- ] v. 제한하다; 경계를 정하다; 외접(外接)시키다

1. to draw a line around; encircle 2. to limit narrowly; restrict 3. to determine the limits of; define 4. a. to enclose (a polygon or polyhedron) within a

configuration of lines, curves, of surfaces so that every vertex of the enclosed object is incident on the enclosing configuration

b. to erect (such a configuration) around a polygon or polyhedron(다면체)

circumscribed ↔ unlimited, ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;

universal

circumspect [sə ːrkəmspèkt] a. 신중한 : PRUDENT : careful to consider all circumstances and possible

consequences rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile (OPPOSITE) circumspect : prudence :: urbane : polish (EQUAL, 형 : 명) circumspect : tactful :: circumspection ↔ temerity temerity 무분별, 무모 = recklessness

circumspect ↔ audacious, rash, reckless, indiscreet, imprudent, foolhardy

circumvent [sə ːrkəmvént] v.t. 교묘히 회피하다

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1. to surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap 2. to go around; bypass 3. to avoid or get around by artful maneuvering

circumvent ↔ confront, encounter circumvention ↔ direct encounter

cistern [sístərn] n. 물탱크 : a receptacle for holding water or other liquid, especially a

tank for catching and storing rainwater cistern : liquid(s), water :: landfill : refuse :: larder, pantry : food :: warehouse : merchandise landfill 쓰레기 매립지 refuse [réfju:s] 폐기물, 쓰레기

citation [saitéiʃən] n. 소환장 summons : citation :: (소환 : 소환장)

civility [sivíləti] n. 예의 : COURTESY, POLITENESS 1. courteous behavior; politeness 2. a courteous act or utterance

civility ↔ rudeness

claim [kleim] n. 요구, 주장 claim : legitimated :: hypothesis : confirmed lien : claim :: subpoena : command (A ∈ B) lien 선취 특권

claim ↔ renounce

clairvoyant [klɛərvɔ iənt] a. 천리안의, 통찰력 있는 n. 통찰력 있는 사람 : DISCERNING

: unusually perceptive dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict (형 : 동) prescience [prí:ʃiəns] 통찰, 예지, 선견(foresight) (clairvoyant : oversee 관계는 오답) oversee 감독하다, 검사하다; ~을 목격하다, 슬쩍 보다 clairvoyant ↔ insensitive, unreceptive, myopic, nearsighted,

shortsighted, unwise, dull receptive 이해력이 빠른

clamorous [klǽmərəs] adj. 시끄러운 : VOCIFEROUS, STRIDENT

clamorous ↔ silent

clandestine [klændéstin] adj. 은 한 : surreptitious : kept or done in secret, often in order to conceal an illicit

or improper purpose clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly overt 공공연한, 명백한 open and observable; not hidden, concealed,

or secret clandestine : secrecy :: harmonious : congruity congruity 적합, 조화, 일치 congruous; corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or

harmonious clandestine ↔ open

clarion [klǽriən] a. 낭랑한 : brilliantly clear; loud and clear

clarion ↔ soft and indistinct, muted, cloudy, dull

clarity [klǽrəti] n. 명쾌함 : LUCIDITY 1. clearness of appearance 2. clearness of thought or style; lucidity

ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth mendacious 거짓인, 허위의; 정직하지 못한

consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion :: expedition : foot-dragging (OPPOSITE)

equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth (A는 B를 저하시키다) equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity euphemism 완곡어법 obfuscate (판단 등을) 흐리게 하다; 당황하게 하다

misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract (중국10회 section2 10) ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle 금세라도 무너질 듯한; 약한 garble 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다

obfuscate, opaque, roil, equivocate, muddy ↔ clarify, appease roil 흐리게 만들다; 초조하게 하다, 화를 돋우다

clasp [klæsp, klɑːsp] n. 걸쇠 lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten lathe [leið] 금속을 갈고 도려내는 데 쓰는 공작기계

clause [kl :z] : a group of words containing a subject and a predicate and

forming part of a compound or complex sentence clause : sentence :: paragraph : essay

claustrophobia [klɔ ːstrəfóubiə] n. 폐공포증 recluse : crowd :: claustrophobic : enclosure recluse 은둔자, 수도사

cleft [kleft] n. 갈라진 틈 cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) chasm 깊이 갈라진 틈 gash 큰/깊은 상처

clement [klémənt] a. 너그러운, 온화한 : LENIENT : inclined to be lenient or merciful : lenient inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous,

or indulgent * clemency n.

clement ↔ pitiless, severe, harsh, baneful pitiless having no pity; merciless

clemency ↔ ruthlessness, cruelty, severity, mercilessness, harshness ruthless 인정머리 없는, 무자비한, 사정없는(pitiless)

cliche [kli(ː)ʃéi] n. 진부한 말 : a trite phrase or expression

hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality :: jejune : interest anomaly : commonplace :: cliche : imaginative hodgepodge 뒤범벅 a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble

equivocation : misleading :: cliche : hackneyed :: cliché : trite (A는 B의 성격을 지닌) hackneyed 진부한 overfamiliar through overuse; trite trite; lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition;

hackneyed cliche ↔ original idea, original statement

clinch [klintʃ] v. 단단히 고정하다 : to hold fast or firmly

clinch ↔ remove, make more doubtful

cling [kliŋ] v. 달라붙다 1. to hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping,

sticking, embracing, or entwining 2. to remain close; resist separation 3. to remain emotionally attached; hold on

clique [kliːk, klik] n. 파벌, 당파 : a small, exclusive group of friends or associates

clique : intimates :: flock : sheep

clog [klɑg / klɔg] n. 방해물 : ENCUMBRANCE : an obstruction or hindrance

clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations stalemate 막다른 궁지 a situation in which further action is blocked; a

deadlock

closet [klɑ zit / klɔ z-] n. 벽장, 찬장; 은 한 장소, 사실(私室) 1. a cabinet or enclosed recess for linens, household supplies,

or clothing

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2. a small private chamber, as for study or prayer 3. a water closet; a toilet 화장실 4. a state of secrecy or cautious privacy

pantry : food :: closet, wardrobe : clothes

clot [klɑt / klɔt] n. v. 엉긴 덩어리, 응고시키다 : a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood

clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed (clot은 not dissolved 용해되지 않은 것, crowd는 not dispersed 흩어지지 않은 것) (pp2. chain : disengaged의 경우 chain은 engage ‘시키는’ 것이므로 오답)

freeze : water :: clot : blood solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot

cloture [klóutʃər] n. 토론종결 : the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body

especially by calling for a vote voting : roll call :: termination : cloture (A하기 위해 B를 한다; 혹은 종류로 보기도 함. roll call(동의하는 사람이 일어나는 식으로 표결하는는 방식)은 투표의 방식, cloture는 끝내는 방식)

roll call 점호, 출결조사

cloudburst [klaudbə ːrst] n. 폭우 : a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour

gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: yank : pull (A >> B)

clout [klaut] n. 영향력 : PULL, INFLUENCE 1. a blow, especially with the fist 2. (informal) a. influence; pull b. power; muscle

clout ↔ impuissance, impotence impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness

cloying [klɔiŋ] a. 신물이 난, 물린 cloy [klɔi] : to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with

too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit

garrulous, loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet (A >> B) garrulous 수다스러운 given to excessive and often trivial or rambling

talk; tiresomely talkative

clumsy [klʌ mzi] a. 꼴사나운, 서툰 1. lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; awkward 2. awkwardly constructed; unwieldy 3. gauche; inept

clumsy ↔ comely, seemly, adept comely 어여쁜, 아름다운; 훌륭한 seemly 단정한, 예의바른; 알맞은, 시기적절한

coagulant [kouǽgjələnt] n. 응고제 coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal coagulant ↔ liquefier, dissolvent

coagulate [kouǽgjul`eit] v. 응고시키다 : to cause transformation of (a liquid or sol, for example)

into or as if into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass coagulate ↔ dissolve, liquefy, thin

coalesce [kòuəlés] v. 합체하다 : FUSE 1. to grow together; fuse 2. to come together so as to form one whole; unite

coalesce ↔ disaggregate, sunder, polarize, break apart, bifurcate, grow apart, separate sunder 분리하다, 절단하다 to break or wrench apart; sever asunder 조각조각으로; 뿔뿔이, 산산이 sever [sévər] 절단하다, 잘라내다; 분리, 격리하다 polarize 극성을 띠게 하다; 립시키다; 분열하다

coarse [kɔːrs] a. 굵은, 거친, 조잡한; 교양 없는, 천한 : rough, especially to the touch; adjusted or designed for

heavy, fast, or less delicate work

coarse : surface :: dislocate : place :: coarsen : texture (A=B를 안좋은 상태로 만들다) fastidious ↔ coarse fastidious 성미가 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한

coax [kouks] v.t. 감언으로 부추기다 : CAJOLE : to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery 1. to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery;

cajole 2. to obtain by persistent persuasion

blandishment : coax :: medal : honor :: prevarication : deceive (A는 B하기 위한 것, A는 B를 보여주는 것) blandish 구슬리다, 구슬려서 ∼하게 하다 prevaricate : to stray from or evade the truth 속이다

coda [kóudə] n. 음악의 종결부 : a concluding passage of a movement or composition

dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata coda ↔ overture, prelude

coddle [kɑ dl/kɔ dl] v. 부드럽게 다루다, 잘 돌봐주다; 약한 불로 삶다 1. to cook in water just below the boiling point coddle eggs 2. to treat indulgently; baby

coddle ↔ scorn, deplore, treat harshly deplore 비난/반 하다; 유감으로 생각하다, 애통해하다

coerce [kouə ːrs] v. 강압적으로 ∼하다 1. to force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure,

threats, or intimidation; compel 2. to dominate, restrain, or control forcibly 3. to bring about by force or threat

wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion wheedle 구슬리다 to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or

guile; cajole cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,

teasing, or flattery; wheedle extort 강요하다, 강탈하다 to obtain from another by coercion or

intimidation coercive ↔ voluntary

coeval [kouíːvəl] a. 같은 시 의 : of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration

congruent : dimension :: coeval : age congruent 들어맞는, 부합하는, 조화되는; 합동인

cogent [kóudʒənt] a. 설득력 있는 : CONVINCING : appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning * cogency n.

cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence (A는 B의 성격을 갖고 있음) validity 타당성, 정당성, 유효성 cogent ↔ unconvincing, unsound cogency ↔ unconvincingness

cogitate [kɑ dʒətèit / kɔ dʒ-] v. 숙고, 명상하다 : to take careful thought or think carefully about; ponder

philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack iconoclast 성상 파괴자; 미신 타파주의자

cognizant [kɑ gnəzənt / kɔ g-] a. 인식한, 알고 있는 : knowledgeable of something especially through personal

experience incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy (OPPOSITE) cognizant ↔ oblivious, unaware oblivious 잘 잊는, 염두에 두지 않는 lacking all memory; forgetful

coherent [kouhí(:)ərənt] adj. 시종 일관한, 논리적인 * incoherent [ìnkouhí(:)ərənt] a. 논리적 맥락이 없는, 앞뒤가 맞

지 않는

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coherent ↔ irrational, incongruous incoherent ↔ plausible

colander [kʌ ləndər, kɑ l-] n. (요리용) 여과기 centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain

collapse [kəlǽps] v.t. 붕괴시키다 : to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely

collapse : implode :: divide : sunder (A << B) sunder to break or wrench apart

collapse : implode :: steep : immerse (A << B) steep 가파른, 험준한; 터무니없는, 엄청난; (액체에) 담그다; 몰두

하다 immerse 물에 담그다, 가라앉히다; 완전히 몰두하다

collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness reinforcement : collapse :: (A는 B를 막다)

colloquial [kəlóukwiəl] v. 구어체의, 격식을 차리지 않는 : characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or

to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal. colloquial ↔ polished

collude [kəlúːd] v. 공모하다 : CONSPIRE, PLOT : to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or

deceitful purpose collude, connive : cooperate :: smuggle : convey :: stalk, shadow :

follow :: eavesdrop : listen :: pry : watch :: steal : take :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE)

stalk 몰래 다가가다, 살그머니 접근하다 pry 염탐하다, 엿보다

collusion : conspirators :: cooperation : partners collude ↔ act independently

colonnade [kɑ lənéid / kɔ l-] n. 주랑 : a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually

supporting the base of a roof structure colonnade : pillar :: queue : person

colossal [kəlásəl] adj. 거 한, 량의 : of a size, extent, or degree that elicits awe or taxes belief;

immense antediluvian : age :: colossal : size antediluvian 노아의 홍수 이전의; 태고의; 구식의; 소박한

colossus : figurine :: boulder : pebble (A >> B) colossus 거상 boulder 둥근 돌

colt [koult] n. 망아지; 애송이, 신출내기 1. a young male horse 2. a youthful or inexperienced person; a novice

coltish [kóultiʃ] a. 망아치 같은; 장난치는 1. relating to or suggestive of a colt 2. lively and playful; frisky

coltish : discipline :: loutish : grace (A lack B) loutish 버릇없는; 촌스러운, 멋없는 lout [laut] a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf

coma [kóumə] n. 혼수상태 coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion

combustible [kəmbʌ stəbəl] a. 가연성의, 흥분하기 쉬운 1. capable of igniting and burning 2. easily aroused or excited * incombustible

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE) impervious (액체 등을) 통과시키지 않는, 불침투성의; 영향을 받지

않는

combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape incombustible ↔ flammable

comely [kʌ mli] a. 어여쁜, 훌륭한 1. pleasing and wholesome in appearance; attractive 2. suitable; seemly

seemly 단정한, 예의바른; 알맞은, 시기적절한 comeliness ↔ unattractiveness comely ↔ clumsy

comity [káməti] n. 예절 : an atmosphere of social harmony comity ↔ enmity

commencement [kəménsmənt] n. 개시, 학위 수여식 1. a beginning; a start 2. a. a ceremony at which academic degrees or diplomas are

conferred b. the day on which such a ceremony occurs

commencement ↔ cessation cease ↔ inaugurate, commence inaugurate (취임식을 하여) 취임시키다, 개회식을 하다; 개시하다, 시

작하다 commencement ↔ matriculation matriculation ( 학의) 입학 허가; 입학시험

commend [kəménd] v.t. 칭찬하다 : PRAISE 1. to represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend 2. to express approval of; praise 3. to commit to the care of another; entrust

execrable ↔ commendable, laudable execrable 혐오할, 미워할; 몹시 서투른 execrate 혐오하다, 저주하다; 몹시 헐뜯다

commend ↔ berate, deplore

commensurate [kəménʃərit] a. 동등한, 어울리는 : of the same size, extent, or duration as another 1. of the same size, extent, or duration as another 2. corresponding in size or degree; proportionate 3. measurable by a common standard; commensurable

commensurate ↔ preponderant preponderant 능가하는, 우세한, 압도적인 having superior weight,

force, importance, or influence tantamount ↔ incommensurate tantamount 동등한, 같은 equivalent in effect or value

parity ↔ uncommensurateness

commentary [kɑ məntèri / kɔ məntəri] n. 주석, 주해; 논평 annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition annotate 주를 달다, 주석하다 gloss 주석, ~에 주를 달다

commercial [kəmə ːrʃəl] n. 광고 : an advertisement on television or radio

advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal

commingle [kəmíŋgl] v. 뒤섞다, 혼합하다 : to become blended

commingle ↔ separate

commitment [kəmítmənt] n. 범행, 실행; 위임; 공약, 서약; 몰두, 헌신 1. the act or an instance of committing, especially: a. the act of referring a legislative bill to committee b. official consignment, or to a person or mental health

facility c. a court order authorizing consignment to a prison 2. a. a pledge to do b. something pledged, especially an engagement by contract

involving financial obligation 3. the state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a

course of action or to another person or persons

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crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (A >> B) misdemeanor 버릇없음, 비행, 악행 felony 중죄

dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A = B가 없는 사람) dilettante 호사가, 아마추어 평론가

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment, conviction (A lack B) disaffected 불만을 품은, 불충실한; 싫어진, 싫증이 난

ambivalent ↔ committed (전념하는, 헌신적인; 의식을 가진) noncommittal ↔ confirmative noncommittal 이도저도 아닌, 모호한

committed [kəmítid] a. 전념하는, 헌신적인; 의식을 가진 (작가, 작품 등)

profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태 중국3 16번) profligate 품행이 나쁜, 부도덕한; 낭비하는 solvent 지급능력이 있는; 녹이는, 용해력이 있는; 약화시키는, 부

드럽게 하는

commodious [kəmóudiəs] a. 편리한, 넓은 : ROOMY : comfortably or conveniently spacious

taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) taut (실 등이) 팽팽한; (신경 등이) 긴장한, 곤두 선; 엄격한(strict) purlieu [pə :rlju:] 삼림의 가장자리; 변두리, 교외; 자주 가는 장소 environ 둘러싸다 to encircle; surround

commodious ↔ constricted, constringed, cramped, close (inefficient, convoluted는 오답) constringe 죄다, 압착하다, 수축시키다 = constrict close 폐된, 좁고 답답한

commonplace [kɑ mənplèis / kɔ m-] a. 평범한, 케케묵은 : having no remarkable features, characteristics, or traits;

ordinary phenomenal, inimitable ↔ unexceptional, commonplace inimitable 흉내 낼 수 없는, 비길 데 없는 = matchless phenomenal 보통이 아닌, 놀랄만한; 감지/인지할 수 있는

(perceptible) commonplace ↔ original, exceptional

commonsense [kɑ mənséns / kɔ m-] n. 상식 commonsensical ↔ preposterous preposterous 불합리한, 상식을 벗어난, 터무니없는

commotion [kəmóuʃən] n. 폭동, 동요 : TO-DO : a condition of turbulent motion

squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) squall [skwɔ:l] 질풍, 돌풍, 스콜; 북새통, 소동

commotion ↔ tranquility

compassion [kəmpǽ∫ən] n. 측은하게 여기는 마음, 깊은 동정 : deep awareness of the suffering of another coupled with

the wish to relieve it compassion ↔ indifference

compendium [kəmpéndiəm] n. 요약 : ABSTRACT : a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of

knowledge compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (EQUAL) encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed

compensate [kɑ mpənsèit / kɔ m-] v. 보상/변상하다; 보충하다, 상쇄하다 : BALANCE

1. to offset; counterbalance 2. to make satisfactory payment or reparation to;

recompense or reimburse 3. to stabilize the purchasing power of (a monetary unit) by

changing the gold content in order to counterbalance

price variations

complacent [kəmpléisənt] a. 자기만족의, 기분 좋은 : self-satisfied and unconcerned

complacency ↔ anxiety

complaisant [kəmpléisənt, -zənt|kəmpléizənt] adj. 남을 기쁘게 해 주려는, 친절한, 상냥한, 붙임성 있는, 정중한

* complaisance [kəmpléisəns, -zəns, kɑ mpləzæns] n. 정중

함, 공손함 : AFFABILITY : the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit intractable 고집 센, 다루기 힘든 adept 숙련된, 숙달된 very skilled

complaisance ↔ churlishness, obstinacy churlish 농부의, 촌뜨기의; 막돼먹은 obstinacy 완고함, 고집

complaisant ↔ obdurate, intransigent

complement [kámpləmənt|kɔ m-] n. 보충물, 전수(全數) v.t.~을 완전

하게 하다, 보충하다 명. 1. something that completes, makes up a whole, or brings

to perfection 2. the quantity or number needed to make up a whole 3. either of two parts that complete the whole or mutually

complete each other complement : complete :: illuminate : clear

compliant [kəmpláiənt] a. 유순한 : SUBMISSIVE : disposed or willing to comply; submissive, obedient

compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield (EQUAL, 형 : 동) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;

fawning

compliment [kɑ mpləmənt / kɔ m-] v.t. 찬사, 아첨하다 n. 1. an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation 2. a formal act of civility, courtesy, or respect 3. compliments good wishes; regards

apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed contrite 회개하는; 후회의 빛을 보이는

compliment : flattery :: deference : subservience (DEFECTIVE) subservient 굴종하는, 비굴한

courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) bravado 허세, 허장성세; 무모함 fulsome (칭찬 등이 지나쳐) 역겨운 offensively flattering or insincere

complimentary ↔ vituperative vituperative 비난하는, 매도하는, 악담하는 using, containing, or

marked by harshly abusive censure

comply [kəmplái] vi. 순순히 따르다 : to act in accordance with another's command, request, rule,

or wish mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (EQUAL, 형 : 동) mandatory 명령의; 의무적인, 강제적인

comport [kəmpɔ ːrt] n. 처신하다, 적합하다 : to conduct or behave (oneself) in a particular manner : to agree, correspond, or harmonize:

composed [kəmpóuzd] a. 차분한 : CALM, SELF-POSSESSED : free from agitation; serenely self-possessed

composed ↔ distraught, frenetic distraught 마음이 산란한, 당황한; 정신 착란의, 광기의 frenetic 제정신이 아닌; 열광적인 wildly excited or active; frantic;

frenzied compose ↔ discombobulate discombobulate (계획 등을) 뒤틀리게 하다, 실패하게 하다

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composure ↔ restless

compound [kámpaund] n. 합성, 혼합 또는 그 물질 a combination of two or more elements or parts

soldier : army :: element : compound compound ↔ separate, elemental

compress [kəmprés] v.t. 압축하다 constrict : diameter :: compress : size compression ↔ increase in volume, distention distention 확장하기, 팽창 distend to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure

compromise [kɑ mprəmàiz / kɔ m-] n. v. 타협, 화해하다 (명예, 평판, 신용 등을) 위태롭게 하기(하다), 위험에 노출시키기 1. to settle by concessions 2. to expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or

disrepute mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction prosecution 기소, 고발; 실행, 수행 conviction 유죄 판결; 죄의 자각, 회오

implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle (if A then not B) implacable (미움 등을) 달랠 수 없는, 앙심 깊은, 무자비한 swindle 속여서 빼앗다, 사취하다

intransigent : compromise :: deferential : offend (A하면 B하지 못한) intransigent ↔ open to compromise intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한

polemical ↔ compromising polemical 논쟁의

temporize ↔ unwilling to compromise temporize 우물쭈물하다; 순응하다, 시세에 영합하다; 절충하다

compromise ↔ protect from discredit

compunction [kəmpʌ ŋkʃən] n. 양심의 가책, 뉘우침 SCRUPLE 1. anxiety arising from awareness of guilt (penitence) 2. a sting of conscience or a pang of doubt aroused by

wrongdoing or the prospect of wrongdoing (qualm) 예; compunction for former sins 전에 저지른 범죄에 한 뉘우

침 형용사: compunctious

impartial : prejudice :: unshameness : compunction compunction ↔ absence(lack) of misgiving, unrepentant misgiving 의혹, 걱정, 불안, 염려 a feeling of doubt, distrust, or

apprehension

concatenate [kɑnkǽtəneit|k n-] v. (쇠사슬처럼) 연결하다 a. 연결

한, 연쇄상의 v. to connect or link in a series or chain a. connected or linked in a series

concatenate ↔ separate (v, a 모두 해당)

concave [kánkéiv|k n-] adj. 오목한 : curved like the inner surface of a sphere

scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (CHARACTER) spatula (그림물감 등을 펴는)주걱, 프라이 뒤집개

conceal [kənsi:l] v. 감추다; 비 로 하다, (남에게) 알려지지 않게 하다

: to keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide

conceal ↔ blurt, unearth blurt 불쑥/무심코 말하다 to utter suddenly and impulsively

conceal ↔ betray betray 폭로하다, 나타내다, 배신하다 disclosure ↔ concealment, cover-up, secret

concede [kənsí:d] v. 인정하다, 허용하다 1. to acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or

proper; admit 2. to yield or grant (a privilege or right, for example)

concession 양보, 양여, 승인, 용인 concede ↔ refuse to grant concession ↔ aggression, denial

concentrate [kɑ nsəntrèit / kɔ n-] v. 농축시키다, 집결시키다 : FOCUS

concentrate ↔ dilute solution, deploy deploy (부 를) 전개시키다, 배치하다; 분산하다

conceptual [kənsépt∫uəl] adj. 개념의 : of, consisting of, or relating to concepts or conception

conceptual ↔ concrete

concerted [kənsə ːrtid] a. 협력에 의한 : planned or accomplished together; combined

concerted ↔ individually devised, meant to obstruct

concerto [kəntʃértou] n. 협주곡 : a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three

contrasting movements

conciliate [kənsílièit] v. 달래다, 회유하다, (존경, 호의를) 얻다, ~을 양립시키다, 일치시키다, 조화시키다, 조정하다

1. to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease 2. to regain or try to regain (friendship or goodwill) by

pleasant behavior 3. to make or attempt to make compatible; reconcile * reconciliation n. 화해, 중재, 조정, 조화, 일치 * conciliatory adj.

sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive sop 빵 조각; 비위를 맞추기 위해 주는 것, 뇌물 subsidy 보조금, 기부금

reconciliation : harmony :: conciliate ↔ vex, nettle, discontent, rile nettle 안달 나게 하다 to irritate; vex discontent 불만을 품게 하다, 언짢게 하다 rile 화나게 하다 to stir to anger

conciliation ↔ vexation conciliatory ↔ vexing conciliatory ↔ contentious, belligerent contentious 논쟁을 좋아하는, 논쟁을 불러일으키는 belligerent 호전적인, 싸우기 좋아하는; 전쟁 중에 있는, 교전국의

conciliate ↔ aggrieve, aggravate aggrieve 손상하다, 괴롭히다, 고통을 주다

conciliate ↔ alienate

concise [kənsáis] a. 간결한 : expressing much in few words; clear and succinct

synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate 증류액; 농축물, 정수

conciseness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

conclude [kənklú:d] v. 결말을 짓다, 완결하다; (조약 등을) 채결하다 1. to bring to an end; close 2. to bring about (a final agreement or settlement) 3. to reach a decision or form an opinion about 4. to arrive at (a logical conclusion or end) by the process of

reasoning; infer on the basis of convincing evidence conclude ↔ embark on

concomitant [kɑnkɑ mətənt] a. 부수하는, 공존하는, 동시에 일어나는 : occurring or existing concurrently; attendant

preponderant ↔ concomitant preponderant 능가하는, 우세한, 압도적인 having superior weight,

force, importance, or influence

concord [kɑŋkɔ ːrd] n. 일치, 조화, 친교 : HARMONY 1. harmony or agreement of interests or feelings; accord 2. a treaty establishing peaceful relations

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inconsonant : concord :: scattered : overlap (OPPOSITE) concord ↔ disagreement, dissension, dissonance, rancor, enmity, contention, schism, discrepancy dissension 불화; 싸움, 분쟁 difference of opinion; disagreement dissonance 부조화, 귀에 거슬리는 소리 rancor 원한, 앙심, 증오 bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated

ill will enmity deep-seated, often mutual hatred contention 투쟁, 싸움, 논쟁; 주장, 논지 schism 분열, 분파

concur [kənkə ːr] vi. 동의하다, 일치하다 1. to be of the same opinion; agree 2. to act together; cooperate 3. to occur at the same time; coincide

concur ↔ object, dissent, naysay, take issue, differ, oppose, demur, dispute naysay 거부/반 하다 to say no to; deny or oppose

condemn [kəndém] v.t. 비난하다; 유죄 판결을 내리다 1. to express strong disapproval of 2. to pronounce judgment against; sentence 3. to judge or declare to be unfit for use or consumption,

usually by official order 명사형 : condemnation 심한 비난, 책망

countenance ↔ condemn (*affront(모욕)는 오답) countenance (지지하는) 찬성, 격려, 지지; 용모, 침착, 태연

exaltation ↔ condemnation exalt (명예 등을) 높이다; 칭찬/찬양하다; 의기양양하게 하다

extol, embrace ↔ condemn, impugn, detract impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;

challenge in argument brevity : epigram :: condemnation : philippic philippic. A verbal denunciation characterized by harsh, often

insulting language; a tirade (명사 단어임)

condense [kəndéns] v. 농축시키다(되다), 간략화하다(되다) 1. to reduce the volume or compass of 2. to make more concise; abridge or shorten

condensed ↔ unabridged

condescending [kɑ ndiséndiŋ / kɔ n-] a. 생색내는 : displaying a patronizingly superior attitude

patronize 단골로 삼다;후원/보조하다;생색을 내는 듯한 태도를 취하다

* condescend v. 1. to descend to the level of one considered inferior; lower 2. to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner

condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL, 형 : 동) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile

compliance; fawning fawn 비위를 맞추다, 알랑거리다

patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (EQUAL, 동 : 명) deride 비웃다, 조소하다, 조롱하다

patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL)

condign [kəndáin] a. 마땅한, 적절한 : DESERVED, APPROPRIATE, ADEQUATE

condign ↔ undeserved, unmerited unmerited 분에 넘치는(undeserved), 어울리지 않는; 부당한, 불법

의

condolence [kəndóuləns] n. 애도, 문상 : sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief,

or misfortune condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision compassion 깊은 동정, 연민 gibe 조롱하다, 우롱하다 n. a derisive remark

condone [kəndóun] v.t. 용서하다, 눈감아주다 : to overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without

protest or censure condone ↔ denounce, exact exact 요구하다, 구하다; 강요하다, 강제하다

conducive [kəndjúːsiv] a. 도움이 되는, ~에 공헌하는 : tending to cause or bring about; contributive

conducive : motivate :: tonic : invigorate conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate foment 유발하다, 조장하다 to promote the growth of; incite tonic a. producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor

conductor [kəndʌ ktər] n. 지휘자 conductor : instrumentalist :: director : actor

confederacy [kənfédərəsi] n. 연합, 연맹, 동맹 : ALLIANCE

confess [kənfés] v. 자백하다 1. to disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to

oneself); admit 2. to acknowledge belief or faith in; profess 3. a. to make known (one's sins) to God or to a priest b. to

hear the confession of (a penitent) confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation(A is a sign of B, A=expression of B) ** testimonial 은 감사의 말이니까.. appreciation의 성격이 있는건 금방 아실겁니다.. confession을 사전(M. Webster) 에서 찾으면 a disclosure of one's sins, 자신의 죄를 밝히는 것이라고 나와 있습니다. 그리고 culpable 은 GUILTY, CRIMINAL이라고 정의되어있습니다. 그러므로 confession은 culpablity의 성격을 가지고 있는것이지요. 참고로 culpable은 라틴어 culpa - crime, fault, blame - 에 어원이 있습니다. 같은 어원을 가진 단어로는 inculpate 와 exculpate도 있겠죠.(sung 님 2006/12/10)

recantation : error :: confession : crime recant 철회하다, 부인하다 to make a formal retraction or disavowal of

confidant [kɑ nfidǽnt, -dɑ ːnt, kɑ nfidæ nt / kɔ nfidǽnt] n. 믿을만한 사람, 절친한 친구 1. one to whom secrets or private matters are disclosed 2. a character in a drama or fiction, such as a trusted friend

or servant, who serves as a device for revealing the inner thoughts or intentions of a main character

confident [kɑ nfidənt / kɔ n-] a. 자신만만한 confident : timid :: open : shy (OPPOSITE) confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (A << B) interrogatory [ìntərágətä:ri] asking a question; of the nature of a

question; interrogative interrogative 의문의; 묻고 싶어 하는; 의문문에 쓰이는

confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid :: frugal : miserly (A << B, B에 안 좋은 뉘앙스)

confine [kənfáin] v.t. 감금하다 1. to keep within bound; restrict 2. to shut or keep in, especially to imprison 3. to restrict in movement

loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception disabuse (오해 등을) 풀어주다, (그릇된 생각을) 바로잡아주다

conflate [kənfléit] v. 하나로 합치다 : to combine (as two readings of a text) into a composite

whole conflate ↔ disseminate disseminate 흩뿌리다, 살포하다; 보급하다, 퍼뜨리다

confluence [kɑ nfluəns / kɔ n-] n. 합류점, 군중 1. a. a flowing together of two or more streams b. the point of juncture of such streams c. the combined stream formed by this juncture 2. a gathering, flowing, or meeting together at one juncture

or point

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confluence : streams :: junction : roads confluence ↔ divergence

conform [kənfɔ ːrm] v. 일치하다, 따르다, 순응하다 1. to correspond in form or character; be similar 2. to act or be in accord or agreement; comply 3. to act in accordance with current customs or modes

incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey incongruent 일치하지 않는, 맞지 않는, 부적당한 recalcitrant 저항하는, 다루기 어려운

conform ↔ gainsay

confound [kənfáund] v. 당황하게 하다; 혼동하다, 잘못하여 동일시하다; 논박하다

1. to cause to become confused or perplexed 2. to fail to distinguish; mix up 3. to make (something bad) worse 4. to cause to be ashamed; abash 5. to damn 6. to frustrate

confound ↔ discriminate between, enlighten, make straightforward, elucidate, make clear, straighten

counfounded ↔ straightforward 당황한(어리둥절한)↔(일 등이)수월한

confront [kənfrʌ nt] v.t. 맞서다 : OPPOSE 1. to come face to face with, especially with defiance or

hostility 2. to bring face to face with 3. to come up against; encounter

craven : confront :: honest : deceive (if A, then not B) craven 겁 많은, 심약한

confront ↔ circumvent circumvent 호위하다, 함정에 빠뜨리다; 우회하다, 모면하다

congeal [kəndʒíːl] v. 굳어지게 하다 : COAGULATE 1. to solidify by or as if by freezing 2. to coagulate; jell

congeal ↔ melt, disintegrate, fail to solidify, liquefy(=liquify)

congenial [kəndʒíːnjəl] a. 마음이 맞는, 취향이 같은, 적합한 : SOCIABLE, GENIAL

1. having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic

2. of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable 3. sited to one's needs or nature; agreeable

congenial : bonhomie :: dour, grouchy, surly ↔ genial, congenial dour 기분이 언짢은 marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding

congenial ↔ unrelated, not innate

congregate [káŋgrəgeit|kɔ ŋ-] v. 모이다, 집합하다, 모으다 adj. 모인, 집합한

congregate ↔ separate

congruent [kɑ ŋgruənt] a. 부합하는, 합동하는 1. corresponding; congruous 2. (math.) a. coinciding exactly when superimposed b. having a difference divisible by a modulus * congruence n. * congruous [kɑ ngruəs|kɔ ŋ -] a. 일치하는, 적합한; 합동의 1. corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or

harmonious 2. (math.) congruent

congruent : dimension :: coeval : age coeval 같은 시 의 originating or existing during the same period;

lasting through the same era

incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey congruent ↔ disagreeable, antithetical, polemical congruity ↔ variance congruence ↔ disagreement

conjecture [kəndʒéktʃər] n. v. 추측(하다), 추측에 따른 의견 n. 1. inference or judgment based on inconclusive or

incomplete evidence; guesswork 2. a statement, an opinion, or a conclusion based on

guesswork v. To infer from inconclusive evidence; guess

conjecture ↔ restrain from the speculation, facts

connive [kənáiv] v. 공모하다 : CONSPIRE 1. to cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful action;

collude 2. to scheme; plot 3. to feign ignorance of or fail to take measures against a

wrong, thus implying tacit encouragement or consent connive : cooperate :: spy : watch (DEFECTIVE) connive : conspirator :: cooperative : partner connive : plan :: confide : tell :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE) (delude : defraud 는 오답) uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver (B = A한 사람) uncouth [ʌnkú:θ] 어색한, 꼴불견의; 무례한, 거친; 기괴한 churl 버릇없는 사람; 구두쇠

connoisseur [kɑ nəsə ːr, -súər / kɔ n-] n. 전문 감정가, 전문가, 권위자

1. a person with expert knowledge or training, especially in the fine arts

2. a person of informed and discriminating taste connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine cuisine 요리법, 조리법

connoisseur : excel :: selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur expertise 전문적 기술/지식

conquest [kɑ ŋkwest / kɔ ŋ-] n. 정복 inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest inexorable 움직이지 않는, 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한

conscientious [kɑ nʃiénʃəs / kɔ n-] a. 양심적인, 성실한; 세심한, 조심스러운, 철두철미한

1. guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled

2. thorough and assiduous assiduous 꾸준한, 끈기 있는, 부지런한

conscientious ↔ careless, remiss, unaware remiss 태만한, 성의 없는; 부주의한, 소홀한 conscience n. 양심 clear one's conscience 마음이 편해지게 하다. for conscience(') sake 마음에 걸려, 양심상; 제발(덕분).

conscious [kɑ n∫əs] 1. a. having an awareness of one's environment and one's

own existence, sensations, and thoughts b. mentally perceptive or alert; awake 2. capable of thought, will, or perception 3. subjectively known or felt 4. intentionally conceived or done; deliberate 5. inwardly attentive or sensible; mindful 6. especially aware of or preoccupied with

conscious ↔ unwitting unwitting 무의식적인, 알아채지 못한; 실수로 저지른, 무심코 한

consensus [kənsénsəs] n. 합의, 일치 : UNANIMITY

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consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion (OPPOSITE) consensus : factionalism :: law : criminality (A prevent B, B lack A) consensus : factionalism :: expedition : foot-dragging expedition 원정, 탐험; 신속, 민활

schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity schism [sízəm] 분열, 분파

consensus ↔ factionalism

consequential [k nsəkwén∫əl] adj. 결과로 일어나는; 중요한, 중한; 거드름 부리는, 자만심 강한

1. following as an effect, result, or conclusion; consequent 2. having important consequences; significant 3. a. important; influential b. pompous; self-important

conservative [kənsə ːrvətiv] a. 보수적인 n. 전통주의자, 보수

적인 사람 bigoted : advice :: conservative : change (A = B에 반대하는) contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센, 반항적인 obstinately disobedient or

rebellious; insubordinate hidebound 편협한, 완고한 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or

inflexible hidebound : conservative :: maniac : excited (A >> B) revisionist : challenge : conservative : uphold revisionsim 수정론 revisionist 수정주의자

uphold (반대, 비판 등에 대항하여) ~을 지지(후원)하다

conservatory [kənsə ːrvətɔ ːri / -təri] n. 음악/예술 학교 conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary 신학교

conserve [kənsə ːrv] v. 보존하다 : to avoid wasteful or destructive use of

conserve ↔ waste, squander, exhaust squander 낭비하다; 흩뿌리다, 분산시키다 to spend wastefully or

extravagantly; dissipate

considerable [kənsídərəbəl] a. 중요한, 상당한: SIGNIFICANT 1. large in amount, extent, or degree 2. worthy of consideration; significant * inconsiderable 수롭지 않은, 하찮은, 사소한 * consider v.

restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (OPPOSITE) restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는 piddling 사소한, 하찮은 so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's

consideration consider ↔ table table 테이블 위에 놓다; 기입하다, 정리하다; (결의 등을) 연기/보

류하다

consignment [kənsáinmənt] n. 위탁, 탁송 *consign v. 인도하다, 맡기다; 할당하다; 위탁하다, 부탁하다 1. to give over to the care of another; entrust 2. to turn over permanently to another's charge or to a

lasting condition; commit irrevocably 3. to deliver (merchandise, for example) for custody or sale 4. to set apart, as for a special use or purpose; assign

consignment : invoice :: invoice 송장, 구매서; (송장에 적힌) 화물 itemize; to set down item by item; list

consistent [kənsístənt] a. 일치하는, 조화되는, 일관된, 접하게 결합된

1. In agreement; compatible: The testimony was consistent with the known facts

2. Being in agreement with itself; coherent and uniform: a consistent pattern of behavior

3. Reliable; steady: demonstrated a consistent ability to impress the critics

inconspicuous : overlook :: consistent : predict

console [kənsóul] v. 위로하다 : COMFORT : to allay the sorrow or grief of

embarrass : shame :: console : comfort (A = B하게하는 행동) console : grief :: perturb : serenity :: disturb : serenity :: alleviate : intensity (A remove B)

console ↔ aggravate grief

consolidate [kənsɑ lədèit / -sɔ l-] v.t. 합병하다, 강화하다 : UNITE

1. to unite into one system or whole; combine 2. to make strong or secure; strengthen 3. to make firm or coherent; form into a compact mass

consolidation ↔ fragmentation consolidate ↔ dissolve

consonance [kɑ nsənəns / kɔ n-] n. 일치, 조화; 협화음 1. agreement; harmony; accord 2. a. close correspondence of sounds b. the repetition of consonants or of a consonant pattern

inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (OPPOSITE) consonant ↔ dissentient, dissonant, discrepant dissentient [disénʃjənt] 의견을 달리하는 dissonant (소리가) 조화되지 않는, 불협화음의; 상반되는, 모순되는

consonance ↔ discrepancy discrepancy 차이, 어긋남; 모순, 불일치

inconsonant ↔ in agreement

conspicuous [kənspíkjuəs] a. 눈에 띄는 : STRIKING 1. easy to notice; obvious 2. attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable;

noticeable ↔ inconspicuous

inconspicuous : overlook :: tractable : lead :: consistent : predictable (A하면 B하기 쉽다)

authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous hermitage 은둔지, 은신처; 은둔 생활

conspicuous : sheltered :: (OPPOSITE) blatant, salient, prominent ↔ inconspicuous salient 두드러진, 현저한; 튀어나온, 돌출한

conspicuous ↔ nondescript nondescript 뭐라 말할 수 없는, 막연한

conspire [kənspáiər] v. 공모하다, 음모를 꾸미다; 함께하다, 협력하다 1. to plan together secretly to commit an illegal or wrongful

act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action 2. to join or act together; combine

uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver (B = A한 사람) conspire : plan :: purloin : take :: infiltrate : enter :: abscond : depart conspire : cooperate :: spy : watch

constancy [kɑ nst:ənsi] n. 1. steadfastness, as in purpose or affection; faithfulness 2. the condition or quality of being constant; changelessness * constant a. * inconstant a. 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운

constant : stalwart :: judicious : sage inconstant ↔ equable, invariant, steady, steadfast constancy ↔ turncoat turncoat 배반자, 변절자

constellation [kɑ nstəléiʃən / kɔ n-] n. 별자리, 성좌 constellation : star :: chord : note :: bouquet : flower

consternation [kａnstə:rnéi∫ən] n. 경실색, 경악

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: a state of paralyzing dismay consternation ↔ composure composure 침착, 평정

constitute [kɑ nstətjùːt / kɔ n-] v.t. 구성하다; 제정하다;임명하다 1. a. to be the elements or parts of; compose b. to amount to; equal 2. a. to set up or establish according to law or provision b. to found (an institution, for example) c. to enact (a law or regulation) 3. to appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task;

designate constitute ↔ abdicate

constrained [kənstréind] a. 억압된, 강요된 constrain ↔ release constrained ↔ intemperate intemperate 음주에 빠진, 폭음하는, 무절제한

constringe [kənstríndʒ] v. 죄다, 압착하다, 수축시키다 : to cause to contract; constrict

commodious ↔ constringed

construct [kənstrʌ kt] v. 조립/건설/구성하다 1. to form by assembling or combining parts; build 2. to create an argument or a sentence, for example) by

systematically arranging ideas or terms construct : remodel :: compose : edit

consultation [kɑ nsəltéiʃən / kɔ n-] n. 상담 : the act or process of consulting

consummate [kɑ nsəmèit/kɔ n-]/[kənsʌ mət] v. 달성하다, 완료하다 adj. 완전한, 신기에 가까운, 교양이 있는, (나쁜 일이) 순전한 예; consummate a marriage / consummate skill 신기 / a consummate liar 거짓말의 명수 1. 동사 a. to bring to completion or fruition; conclude b. to realize or achieve; fulfill 2. 형용사 a. complete or perfect in every respect b. supremely accomplished or skilled c. complete; utter

consummate ↔ incomplete, unfinished, worst (s/c용) consummate ↔ abrogate 류 단어 (s/c용) consummate ↔ amateurish

contagious [kəntéidʒəs] a. 전염성의 : CATCHING 1. of or relating to contagion 2. transmissible by direct or indirect contact; communicable 3. capable of transmitting disease; carrying a disease 4. spreading or tending to spread from one to another;

infectious sprain : injury :: cold : contagion (A ∈ B) sprain (발목, 손목 등을) 삐다

contagious ↔ incommunicable

contaminate [kəntǽmənèit] v.t. 오염시키다 hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident quarantine (질f병 예방을 위한) 격리

contaminate ↔ purify

contemplate [kɑ ntəmplèit / kɔ ntem-] v.t. 주의 깊게 관찰하다; 심사숙고하다

1. to look at attentively and thoughtfully 2. to consider carefully and at length; meditate on or

ponder 3. to have in mind as an intention or possibility

contempt [kəntémpt] n. 경멸 : DISDAIN

1. disparaging or haughty disdain, as for something base or unworthy; scorn

2. the state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace 3. open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of

a court of law or legislativ body measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly measly 지저분한, 더러운 puny [pjú:ni] 아주 작은, 하찮은, 보잘것없는 of inferior size, strength,

or significance; weak contemptuous : scornfulness contempt : libel :: redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable 가공할, 존경할 만한 despicable 천한, 비열한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince 주춤하다, 움츠러들다 to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain

or distress pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다 to exhibit displeasure or disappointment

contemptible ↔ estimable estimable 존경할 만한, 칭송해야 할; 평가할 수 있는

content [kəntént] a. 만족한, 안도하는 =contented v. n. 만족(시키다)

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment :: anxious : serenity (반대) disaffected 불만을 품은, 불충실한 resentful and rebellious, especially

against authority gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration gripe 괴롭히다, 안달나게 하다; (배를) 몹시 아프게 하다; 꽉 쥐다

admiration : praise:: discontent: complain content ↔ disaffected restiveness ↔ contentment restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 차분하지 못한, 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는

contented ↔ avaricious

contention [kəntén∫ən] n. 말다툼, 투쟁, 싸움, 논쟁; 주장 1. the act or an instance of striving in controversy or debate 2. a striving to win in competition; rivalry 3. an assertion put forward in argument

contention ↔ general agreement, concurrence, accord, concordance concurrence 동의, 찬성 accord 조화, 일치

contentious [kənténʃəs] a. 논쟁적인, 싸우기 좋아하는 1. given to contention; quarrelsome 2. involving or likely to cause contention; controversial

meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue (EQUAL, 형 : 동) contentious ↔ conciliatory, friendly, agreeable

contiguous [kəntígjuəs] adj. 인접하고 있는, 이웃한; 연속적인 1. sharing an edge or boundary; touching 2. neighboring; adjacent 3. a. connecting without a break b. connected in time; uninterrupted

contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide

contingent [kəntíndʒənt] a. 의존적인, ∼을 조건으로 하는; 일어

날 수 있는; 우발적인, 불확실한 1. liable to occur but not with certainty; possible 2. dependent on conditions or occurrences not yet

established; conditional 3. happening by chance or accident

contingent on:dependent on STH that may or may not happen

continence [kɑ ntənəns / kɔ n-] n. 절제, 금욕 1. self-restraint; moderation. 2. voluntary control over urinary and fecal discharge.

continence ↔ indulgence

continuous

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1. uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent 2. attached together in repeated units

continuity ↔ disjunction

contort [kəntɔ :rt] v. 비틀다, 일그러뜨리다; 찌푸리다; 곡해/왜곡하다 to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape

contortion : body :: grimace : face grimace [gríməs] 찡그린 상, 우거지상

contract [kɑ ntrækt] v. 긴장시키다, 찡그리다; 축소/단축하다; 계약을 맺다; 발생시키다, 초래하다 1. to enter into by contract; establish or settle by formal

agreement 2. to acquire or incur 3. a. to reduce in size by drawing together; shrink b. to pull together; wrinkle

contract : implode :: descend : plummet

contradictory [kɑ ntrədíktəri / kɔ n-] a. 모순되는 paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise (CHARACTER)

contravene [kɑ ntrəvíːn / kɔ n-] v. 위반하다; 반 하다, 방해하

다 : CONTRADICT 1. to act or be counter to; violate 2. to oppose in argument; gainsay

contravene ↔ support, buttress, uphold

contretemps [kɑ ntrətɑ ːŋ / kɔ n-] n. 뜻밖의 사건, 재앙 : an unforeseen event that disrupts the normal course of

things; an inopportune occurrence contretemps ↔ felicity

contrite [kəntráit, kɑ ntrait / kɔ ntrait] a. 죄를 뉘우치는 1. feeling regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses;

penitent 2. arising from or expressing contrition

apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant contrite ↔ impenitent, unapologetic

contrive [kəntráiv] v. 1. to plan with cleverness or ingenuity; devise 연구하다, 고

안하다 2. to invent or fabricate, especially by improvisation 3. to plan with evil intend; scheme 획책하다, 꾀하다 4. to bring about, as by scheming; manage 용케 ...하다 contrived Obviously planned or calculated; not

spontaneous; labored contrived : design :: (EQUAL, 형 : 명 or 동) contrived ↔ natural, genuine, spontaneous

control [kəntróul] n. 조군 : an individual or group used as a standard of comparison in

a control experiment control ↔ group experimented on

controvert [kántrəvə:rt] v. 논박하다, 논쟁하다 : to raise arguments against; voice opposition to

controvert ↔ substantiate substantiate 입증하다; 구체화하다, 실현하다

contumacious [kɑ ntjuméiʃəs / kɔ n-] a. 고집 센, (명령, 권위 등에) 반항적인 : REBELLIOUS

: obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty hidebound 편협한, 완고한; 몹시 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced,

narrow-minded, or inflexible

contumacious ↔ obedient

conundrum [kənʌ ndrəm] n. 수수께끼, 난문 1. a riddle in which a fanciful question is answered by a pun 2. a paradoxical, insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma

conundrum : solve :: tangle : unravel :: dilemma : ??? (A = B하기 어려운) unravel 풀다, 끄르다; 해명하다

conundrum : perplexing :: polemic : contentious (성격) (countermand : invalid는 오답) countermand 철회 명령, 주문의 취소

convalesce [kɑ nvəlés / kɔ n-] vi. 건강을 회복하다 : to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate

recuperate 회복하다, 재기하다 recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce recidivism 상습적인 비행/타락 relapse 되돌아가다, 다시 타락하다, 퇴보하다 rehabilitation 사회 복귀; 재건, 부흥; 복직, 명예 회복

convene [kənví:n] v. (의회 등을) 소집하다 to come together usually for an official or public purpose;

assemble formally convene ↔ adjourn

convenience [kənvíːnjəns] n. 형편이 좋을 때 1. the quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or

needs 2. personal comfort or advantage 3. something that increases comfort or saves work

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL) opportune 적절한, 형편이 좋은, 시기적절한 suited or right for a

particular purpose opportune ↔ inconvenient

convention [kənvénʃən] n. 관습, 관례 overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention discreet 지각/분별 있는, 신중한, 조심스러운

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen [dɔ iən] 고참자 a man who is the oldest or senior member of a

group uninitiated 미숙한, 풋내기의 not knowledgeable or skilled;

inexperienced offbeat ↔ conventional ossify ↔ transcend conventions ossify 경화시키다 to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern transcend 넘다, 초월하다, 능가하다

convergent [kənvə ːrdʒənt] a. 수렴하는 : CONVERGING : tending to move toward one point or to approach each

other converge ↔ spread out, ramify ramify 가지 모양으로 갈라지다, 분지하다 to have complicating

consequences or outgrowths convergent ↔ moving apart discrepancy ↔ convergence discrepancy 차이, 어긋남 divergence or disagreement, as between

facts or claims; difference

conversant [kənvə ːrsənt, kɑ nvər- / kɔ nvər-] a. 정통한 : familiar, as by study or experience * conversance

conversant ↔ unfamiliar, ignorant conversance ↔ lack of familiarity

convert [kənvə ːrt] v.t. 개종시키다 n. 개종자, 전향자 : to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another

veer : direction :: convert : belief veer 방향을 바꾸다, 전환하다 to turn aside from a course, direction,

or purpose

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proselytizer : convert :: grandstand : impress (A = B하는 사람, A=B) proselytize [prásəlitàiz] 변절시키다, 개종시키다

salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat :: mediator : reconcile :: grandstand : impress

four-poster : bed :: convertible : automobile (A ∈ B) four-poster 4주식 침

convert ↔ hold, remain

convex [kɑnvéks, kən- / kɔnvéks] adj. 볼록한 : having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges

outward, as the exterior of a sphere convex ↔ dent

convey [kənvéi] v.t. 전달하다, 운반하다 collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey collude 공모하다 to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent,

illegal, or deceitful purpose splint : immobilize :: duct : convey

conviction [kənvíkʃən] n. 유죄 판결, 확신 1. (law) a. the judgment of a jury or judge that a person is

guilty of a crime as charged b. the state of being found or proved guilty

2. a. the act or process of convincing b. the state of being convinced 3. a fixed or strong belief

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction (A lack B) disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially against authority

mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction (A → B) prosecution 기소, 고발; 실행, 수행

cogent ↔ unconvincing cogent 설득력이 있는; 정곡을 찌르는, 적절한

convivial [kənvíviəl] a. 연회의, 친목적인; 명랑한, 쾌활한 1. fond of feasting, drinking, and good company; sociable 2. merry; festive

convivial : social ::

convoke [kənvóuk] v. 소집하다 : to cause to assemble in a meeting; convene

convoke ↔ adjourn

convoluted [kɑ nvəlùːtid / kɔ n-] a. 뒤얽힌, 복잡한 : INVOLVED, INTRICATE

1. having numerous overlapping coils or folds 2. intricate; complicated

convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient : evanescence (EQUAL, 형:명) ephemeral 덧없는, 단명의 lasting for a markedly brief time evanescent 덧없는, 무상한; 근소한, 눈에 잘 안 띄는 vanishing or

likely to vanish like vapor convoluted : simplicity :: threadbare, timeworn : novelty (A는 B가 없음, 부족) threadbare 아주 낡은, 닳아빠진; 초라한 timeworn 오래된, 낡은; 케케묵은, 진부한

convoluted ↔ straightforward

convulsion [kənvʌ lʃən] n. 경련, 발작; 격동, 동요 1. an intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular

contraction 2. an uncontrolled fit, as of laughter; a paroxysm 3. violent turmoil

paroxysm 발작, 경련; 격발 a sudden outburst of emotion or action convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion frenzy 열광, 광란, 격앙 a state of violent mental agitation or wild

excitement

coop [ku(ː)p] n. 닭장 : an enclosure or cage, as for poultry or small animals

corral : horses :: coop : chickens corral (말, 소 등을 가두는) 울타리

cooperate [kouɑ pər?t|-ɔ p-] v. 협력(협동)하다 cooperate : connive :: take : steal cooperative : conspire ::

copious [kóupiəs] a. 아주 풍부한 1. yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply 2. large in quantity; abundant 3. abounding in matter, thoughts, or words; wordy

wordy 말 수가 많은, 장황한; 말의, 말에 의한 copious : abundant :: copious ↔ sparse, dearth, meager, scanty

coquette [koukét] n. 바람난 여자 (flirt) supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious beseech 탄원하다, 간청하다 to address an earnest or urgent request

to; implore

cord [kɔːrd] n. 새끼, 끈; 구속; 장작의 용적 단위 [1코드 = 128 입방 피트]

ream : paper :: cord : wood :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart : liquid ream 연(連) [종이의 거래 단위, 美500장]

cordon [kɔ ːrdn] n. 경계선, 초병선; 장식 끈 1. a line of people, military posts, or sips stationed around an

area to enclose or guard it 2. a cord or braid worn as a fastening or an ornament 3. a ribbon usually worn diagonally across the brest as a

badge of honor or a decoration levee : river :: cordon : crowd levee 제방, 둑

cornucopia [kɔ ːrnjukóupiə] n. 풍요, 풍부; (그리스 신화) 풍요의 뿔 : ABUNDANCE

cornucopia : abundance :: mace : authority (A = B의 상징) mace (직책을 상징하는) 職杖 (왕들이 들고 있었던 봉 같은 것)

cornucopia ↔ dearth, lack, pittance, modicum, paucity pittance 적은 생활비/수입; 소량

corona [kəróunə] n. 코로나, (태양, 달의) 무리 corona : sun :: atmosphere : planet

coronation [kɔ ːrənéiʃən, kɑ r-] n. 관식 : the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or the

sovereign's consort coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage reign 통치 기간, 치세; 통치, 지배

corporeal [kɔːrpɔ ːriəl] a. 실체적인, 신체의 : SUBSTANTIAL 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of the body 2. of material nature; tangible

corporeal ↔ intangible, disembodied, spiritual, immaterial disembody 육체에서 분리시키다

incorporeal ↔ incarnate incarnate [inká:rnit] 육체를 가진, 화신(化身)한; 구체화된

corpulent [kɔ :rpjələnt|kɔ :pju-] a. 비만한, 뚱뚱한(건강하지 못한 뉘앙스) ; excessively fat

corpulent ↔ emaciated, thin, gaunt

corral [kərǽl / kɔrɑ ːl] n. 목장 1. an enclosure for confining livestock 2. an enclosure formed by a circle of wagons for defense

against attack during an encampment corral : horses :: coop : chickens

correlative [kəréłətiv|k -] adj. (상관) 관계가 있는 related; corresponding

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correlative ↔ irrelative, unrelated

corroborate [kərɑ bərèit / -rɔ b-] v.t. (신념 등을) 강하게 하다; 확증하다 : to support with evidence or authority

corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood calumniate 중상하다, 비방하다 to make maliciously or knowingly

false statements about corroborate ↔ lessening of certainty corroborate ↔ deny, controvert controvert 반박/논박하다, 부정하다, 반 하다

corrosive [kəróusiv] n. 부식제 a. 부식성의; 신랄한 adj. 1. having the capability or tendency to cause corrosion 2. gradually destructive; steadily harmful 3. spitefully sarcastic

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (CHARACTER)

corrugate [kɔ ːrəgèit] v. 주름을 잡다 : to shape into folds or parallel and alternating ridges and

grooves corrugated ↔ smooth corrugated [kɔːrəgèitid, kár- / kɔ rə-] adj. 물결무늬가 있는 : to

shape into folds or parallel and alternating ridges and grooves. corrugated ↔ smooth

corrupt [kərʌ pt] 1. marked by immorality and perversion; depraved 부정한,

타락한 2. venal; dishonest 3. containing errors or alterations, as a text 원형이 손상된,

와전된 perversion 곡해, 왜곡, 오용; 악화, 저하 pervert 빗나가다, 그르치다; 타락/부패시키다 venal 매수되기 쉬운, 돈을 보고 움직이는; 부패한, 타락한

corruption ↔ purity

cosmopolitan [kɑ zməpɑ lətən / kɔ zməpɔ l-] a. 보편적인, 편견 없는 : having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope

or bearing bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (OPPOSITE, 명 : 형) tolerant 관 한, 너그러운

bigoted : tolerance :: servile : domination servile 노예의; 노예근성의, 천한, 굽실거리는, 아첨하는 abjectly

submissive; slavish insularity ↔ cosmopolitanism insular ↔ cosmopolitan insular [ínsjələr] 섬의; 섬 모양의, 고립된; 섬나라 근성의, 편협한

cosset [kɑ sit / kɔ s-] v. 애지중지하다, 응석받이로 기르다 : PAMPER n. 애완동물

: to treat as a pet cosset : denounce :: cosset ↔ slight cosset ↔ bemean, ignore, denounce, mistreat cosseted ↔ unspoiled (중국 1회)

coterie [kóutəri] n. 공통의 취미/흥미를 가진 그룹, 동인 : an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a

unifying common interest or purpose : a small, often select group of persons who associate with

one another frequently coterie : group :: (A ∈ B) coterie: intimate :: flock : bird, sheep (A는 B의 그룹) intimate n. 절친한 친구

countenance [káuntənəns] v. 찬성, 지지하다, 용인하다, 묵인하

다 n. 안색, 용모; 격려, 지지 : SANCTION : to give or express approval to n. 1. appearance, especially the expression of the face

2. the face or facial features 3. a. a look or expression indicative of encouragement or of

moral support b. support or approval

countenance : toleration :: demur : objection (EQUAL) countenance ↔ condemn, forbid, refuse to approve, refuse to tolerate, regard with disfavor

counterfeit [káuntərfìt] n. 위조, 가짜 : FORGED 1. to make a copy of, usually with the intent to defraud; forge 2. to make a pretense of; feign

sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money sophism [sáfizəm] 궤변, 아전인수

countermand [kàuntərmǽnd, -mɑ ːnd] v. (명령 등을) 철회하다, 취소하다

1. to cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or order)

2. to recall by a contrary order countermand : order :: rescind : law :: revoke : license rescind (법령, 협정 등을) 폐지하다 to make void; repeal or annul revoke (약속, 허가, 동의 등을) 무효로 하다, 파기하다

counterpart [káuntərpɑ ːrt] n. 사본, 복사물 : DUPLICATE 1. a. one that closely resembles another b. one that has the same functions and characteristics as

another; an opposite number 2. a copy or duplicate of a legal paper 3. a. one of two parts that fit and complete each other b. one that serves as a complement

couple [kʌ pəl] n. v 연결하다, 둘을 하나로 하다, 짝이 되다, 결합하다 1. to link together; connect 2. a. to join as spouses; marry b. to join in sexual union

couple ↔ disconnect couple ↔ divide

couplet [kʌ plit] n. 2행 연구(聯句), 구(對句) : DISTICH unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually

rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit

couplet : sentence ::

courageous adj. 용감한 : having or characterized by courage; valiant

courageous ↔ diffident

court [kɔːrt] n. v. 아첨, 구애(하다) 1. a. to attempt to gain; seek b. to behave so as to invite or incur 2. to try to gain the love or affections of, especially to seek to

marry 3. to attempt to gain the favor of by attention or flattery

court ↔ repel intentionally, repulse intentionally, snub, reject, shun snub 핀잔을 주다; 거절하다

spurn ↔ court, crave, embrace spurn 퇴짜 놓다, 거절하다 to reject disdainfully or contemptuously;

scorn crave 갈망하다, 간청하다

courtesy [kɔ ːrtəsi] n. 예의바름, 공손함; 묵인, 동의 1. a. polite behavior b. a polite gesture or remark 2. a. consent or agreement in spite of fact; indulgence b. willingness or generosity in providing something needed

courtroom [kɔ ːrtrù(ː)m] 법정

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lawyer : courtroom (법정) :: gladiator : arena lawyer : court :: (법원)

coven [kʌ vən, kóu-] n. 13인의 마녀단; (일반적인) 집회 retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retainer 보유자, 보유물; 신하, 종자 retinue (집합적) 일행, 수행원 the retainers or attendants

accompanying a high-ranking person retinue : attendant :: coven : witch

covert [kóuvə:rt] adj. 감추어진, 비 의 1. not openly practice, avowed, engaged in, accumulated,

or shown 2. covered or covered over; sheltered

covert ↔ overt, open overt 공공연한, 명백한

covetous [kʌ vitəs] a. 탐욕스러운 1. excessively and culpably desirous of the possessions of

another 2. marked by extreme desire to acquire or possess

troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious :: enthusiastic : mania (A << B) troubled (얼굴, 목소리 등이) 불안한; (마음이) 어수선한 distraught 마음이 산란해진, 몹시 동요된, 미칠 듯한; 광기의, 미친 rapacious 강탈하는, 착취하는; 탐욕스러운, 만족할 줄 모르는

covetous : desire :: prodigal : spend (A >> B) paltry : covert :: despicable : admire paltry 시시한, 하찮은; 비천한, 천박한, 비열한 (OPPOSITE)

cow [kau] v. (협박, 폭력 등으로) 위협하다, 으르다(intimidate) : to destroy the resolve or courage of

cow ↔ hearten, embolden cowed ↔ undaunted undaunted 두려워하지 않는 not discouraged or disheartened;

resolutely courageous embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow abash 당황하게 하다, 부끄럽게 하다 to make ashamed or uneasy;

disconcert faze 곤란하게 하다, 당황하게 하다 to disrupt the composure of;

disconcert

coward [káuərd] n. 겁쟁이, 비겁자 a. 겁 많은, 소심한 : n. one who shows ignoble fear in the face of danger or

pain cowardice 겁. 소심

coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate obfuscate 혼란시키다, 어리둥절하게 하다; 알기 어렵게 하다

cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다

pluck ↔ cowardice pluck 잡아 뜯음, 휙 당김; 용기

cower [káuər] vi. (두렵거나 부끄러워) 움츠리다, 위축되다 : to cringe in fear

fear : cower :: anger : rant (A는 B하게 한다) rant 호언장담하다, 큰소리치다; 몹시 꾸짖다 to utter with violence

or extravagance cower ↔ bristle, brazenly confront, advance brashly bristle (털 등이) 곤두서다; 노기를 띠다

coy [kɔi] a. 수줍어하는, 부끄럼을 타는; 부끄러운 척 하는, 아양

을 떠는 RESERVED 1. tending to avoid people and social situations; reserved 2. affectedly and usually flirtatiously shy or modest 3. annoyingly unwilling to make a commitment

coy ↔ blatant, brash, brass, brazen, impudent coy ↔ frank, unabashed, immodest

cozen [kʌ zn] v. 속여서 빼앗다, 환심을 사서 자기 것으로 만들다

1. to mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive 2. to persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or

wheedling 3. to obtain by deceit or persuasion

credulous : cozen :: tractable : control (A는 B하기 쉬운) cozen ↔ deal with forthrightly

craft [kræft / krɑːft] n. 기교, 솜씨; 능숙, 능란; (집합적) 동업자

들 : DEXTERITY 1. skill in doing or making something, as in the arts;

proficiency 2. skill in evasion or deception; guile 3. a. an occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or

skilled artistry b. the membership of such an occupation or trade; guild

cramp [kræmp] a. v. 비좁은, 속박시키다 : CONFINE, RESTRAIN v. 1. to hold together with a cramp 2. to shut in so closely as to restrict the physical freedom of

commodious ↔ constricted, cramped cramped ↔ comfortable, uncongested

cranky adj. 성미가 까다로운; 변덕스러운; 꼬불꼬불한 1. having a bad disposition; peevish 2. having eccentric ways; odd 3. full of bends and turns; crooked 4. working unpredictably; erratic 5. rickety; loose

crass [kræs] a. 세련되지 못한; 둔한, 어리석은 : crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and

sensibility crass ↔ refined

crate [kreit] n. 나무상자, 바구니 envelope : letter :: crate : produce (pp3)

crave [kreiv] v. 열망/갈망하다; 구하다, 간절히 원하다 1. to have an intense desire for 2. to need urgently; require 3. to beg earnestly for; implore

craven [kréivən] a. 겁 많은, 비겁한 n. 비겁자 v. 기 죽이다 : lacking the least bit of courage

craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift parsimonious 검약하는, 인색한 excessively sparing or frugal spendthrift 낭비하는, 방탕한(prodigal) wasteful or extravagant

craven : heroic :: volatile : constant :: permanent : erratic (OPPOSITE) erratic 별난, 과상한; 변덕스러운, 침착하지 못한

craven : confront :: honest : deceive (A하면 B하지 않는다) dastard : craven :: dupe : gullible dastard 비겁자, 겁쟁이

craven ↔ valorous valorous 용기 있는, 씩씩한 marked by or possessing great personal

bravery; valiant valiant 용감한, 씩씩한; 영웅적인; 가치 있는, 멋진, 훌륭한

craving [kréiviŋ] n. 강한 갈망, 열망 : an intense, urgent, or abnormal desire or longing

terror : fear :: craving : desire (A >> B) crave : longing :: exult : satisfaction exult 기뻐 날뛰다, 환희하다 to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or

triumphant spurn ↔ court, crave, embrace craving ↔ aversion, spurn spurn n. 퇴짜, 일축, v. 퇴짜 놓다, 거절하다

crease [krí:s] n. 접은 자국, 주름 : a line made by pressing, folding, or wrinkling

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crease : folding :: hole : perforating (B make A)

credence [kríːdəns] n. 신용, 신뢰, 신임 credence ↔ disbeliever, distrust, doubt, skepticism credence ↔ dislodgement, misplacement

credulous [krédʒuləs] adj. 쉽사리 믿는, 잘 속는 1. disposed to believe too readily; gullible 2. arising from or characterized by credulity * incredulity n. 잘 믿지 않음, 의심 많음, 불신, 회의

credulous : cozen :: tractable : control cozen 속여서 빼앗다/시키다

skeptic : credulous :: penitent : obdurate (OPPOSITE) incredulous : persuade :: (A이면 B하기 힘든) credulity ↔ skepticism incredulity ↔ faith (sincerity, gullibility는 오답)

creek [kriːk, krik] n. 시내, 샛강 hill : mountain :: creek : river :: pebble : rock (A << B) * stream > creek > brook > rivulet, streamlet, rill

creep [kriːp] v. 서행하다, 기다 : to go very slowly; to go timidly or cautiously so as to

escape notice creep ↔ moved swiftly (동) creep ↔ swift/quick movement (명)

crescendo [kriʃéndou] n. 점점 세어지기; v. 강해지다, 세어지다 a. gradually increasing in volume, force, or intensity

crescendo : sound :: acceleration : tempo crescendo ↔ decrease in volume

crest [krest] n. 마루[파도의 정점],(새 등의)볏, (투구의) 깃장식, (산의) 정상

crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain

crestfallen [krestfɔ ːlən] a. 풀 죽은, 낙심한 : DEJECTED : dispirited and depressed; dejected

crestfallen ↔ ecstatic, elated, euphoric, exultant, jubilant ecstatic 무아지경에 빠진; 황홀한, 기뻐 날뛰는 ⇒ ecstasy 무아,

황홀경 euphoria 행복감 exultant 기뻐 날뛰는, 환희하는, 의기양양한 marked by great joy or

jubilation; triumphant jubilant 매우 기뻐하는 exultingly joyful; expressing joy

crime [kraim] crime : theft :: crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff (A>>B)

cringe [krindʒ] v. (겁이 나서) 움츠리다; 굽실거리다, 아첨하다 1. to shrink back, as in fear; cower 2. to behave in a servile way; fawn

criterion [kraití(:)əriən] n. 기준, 표준, 척도 : a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision

can be based pl. criteria [kraitíəriə] n. 규준 : a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based

cronyism [króunizəm] n. 연줄에 의한 등용 : favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their

qualifications, as in political appointments to office nepotism 친족 등용, 족벌주의

nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud (A ∈ B) embezzle 횡령하다 to take (money, for example) for one's own use

in violation of a trust fraud 사기, 협잡; 책략, 배신; 사기 행위, 부정 수단

croon [kruːn] v. 흥얼거리다, 읊조리다

1. to hum or sing softly 2. to sing popular songs in a soft, sentimental manner

croon : sing :: murmur : speak croaking : croon :: croak n. v. 쉰 소리(로 말하다), 깍깍 울다, 깍깍 우는 소리

crop [krɑp / krɔp] n. 농작물, 수확물; 수확고 : COLLECTION 1. a. cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain,

vegetables, or fruit b. the total yield of such produce in a particular season or

place 2. a group, quantity, or supply appearing at one time

crotchety [krát∫iti|krɔ t∫-] a. 변덕스러운, 꾀까다로운; 기발한 capriciously stubborn or eccentric; perverse

crotchety ↔ genial, sweet, yielding, stable

crouch [krautʃ] v. 웅크리다, 굽실거리다 n. 웅크린 자세, 웅크리기 1. a. to stoop, especially with the knees bent b. to pres the entire body close to the ground with the limbs

bent 2. to bend servilely or timidly; cringe

crouch : spring :: hover : plunge (OPPOSITE) crouch ↔ stand upright crouch ↔ erect crouch ↔ erect posture, upright posture

crown [kraun] v.t. 왕위에 오르다 inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king inaugurate 취임시키다 [美 통령 취임]; 개회식을 하다; 발족시키

다, 창시하다 install 설치하다; 임명하다, 취임시키다

crucial [krúːʃəl] a. 결정적인 : DECISIVE 1. extremely significant or important 2. vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive

relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) crucial ↔ inconsequential consequential 결과로 일어나는; 중요한, 중 한

peripheral ↔ crucial

crude [kruːd] a. 천연 그 로의, 가공하지 않은; 미숙한, 조잡한; 세련되지 못한, 조심성 없는 1. being in an unrefined or natural state; raw 2. lacking tact, refinement, or taste 3. not carefully or completely made; rough 4. displaying a lack of knowledge or skill 5. undisguised or unadorned; blunt

delicacy ↔ crudity

crumb [krʌm] n. v. 빵 부스러기, 가루로 만들다 : a small fragment especially of something baked (as bread)

crumb : bread :: splinter : wood splinter 파편, 조각

shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake

crumble [krʌ mbl] v. (빵 등을) 가루로 만들다, 허물어지다 : DISINTEGRATE, COLLAPSE

: to break into small fragments or particles friable : crumble :: malleable : alter malleable (금속 등을) 벼릴 수 있는; 적응성이 있는, 유순한

friable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended (A → B) friable ↔ not easily crumbled, resistance to be pulverized, difficult to crumble pulverize 가루로 만들다, 바수다(grind); 박살내다(demolish)

crumple [krʌ mpl] v. (종이 등을) 구기다, 쭈글쭈글하게 하다; 압도하다 1. to crush together or press into wrinkles; rumple 2. to cause to fall apart

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fold : crumple :: defeat : overwhelm

crutch [krʌtʃ] n. 목발, 버팀 crutch : walk :: glasses, lens : see crutch : support ::

crux [krʌks] n. (문제 해결의) 핵심 : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an

outcome 1. The basic, central, or critical point or feature: the crux of

the matter; the crux of an argument 2. A puzzling or apparently insoluble problem (난문제)

crux ↔ peripheral element, pettiness, unimportant element petty 시시한, 하찮은; 이차적인, 종속적인; 옹졸한, 비열한

cryptic [kríptik] a. 비 의, 불가해한 : MYSTERIOUS 1. having hidden meaning; mystifying 2. secret or occult 3. using code or cipher

cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise (EQUAL, 명 : 형) precis [preisí:] 요약, 요 a concise summary of a book, an article,

or another text; an abstract cryptic : perplex :: degrading : debase (CHARACTER, 형 : 동) cryptic ↔ self explanatory, self explaining

cuisine [kwizíːn] n. 요리법, 조리법; 요리 connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine connoisseur 감정가, 감식가; 전문가, 권위자

culpable [kʌ lpəbl] a. 비난 받아 마땅한 : deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil,

improper, or injurious exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame culpable : condemnation :: culpable : calumniation :: calumniation; 중상, 비방

confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation (A is a sign of B, A=expression of B) testimonial 상장, 감사장

culpable ↔ above reproach, innocent

cultivate [kʌ ltəvèit] v. 경작하다, 기르다, 장려하다 : ENCOURAGE

1. To improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; till. To grow or tend (a plant or crop).

2. To promote the growth of (a biological culture). 3. To nurture; foster. 4. To form and refine, as by education. 5. To seek the acquaintance or goodwill of; make friends

with. cultivate : crop :: foster, nurture : child cultivate : garden :: explore : cave cultivate ↔ cause to wither, decline, impede, neglect, stunt, inhibit growth on

stunt 발육을 가로막다, 성장을 방해하다

cultivated [kʌ ltəvèitid] a. 교양 있는, 재배된 : REFINED, EDUCATED, POLISHED

cultivated ↔ feral feral [fíərəl] 야생의, 길들여지지 않은

cumbersome [kʌ mbərsəm] a. (육중해서) 다루기 힘든; 부담이 되는 1. difficult to handle because of weight or bulk 2. troublesome onerous

onerous; troublesome or oppressive; burdensome cumbersome ↔ easy to handle, handy, wieldy wieldy 다루기 쉬운, 쓰기 알맞은(manageable) easily wielded or

managed

cunning [kʌ niŋ] a. 교묘한, 교활한 1. marked by or given to artful subtlety and deceptiveness 2. executed with or exhibiting ingenuity 3. delicately pleasing; pretty or cute

cunning : gulled :: watchful : waylaid :: wary : duped waylay 잠복하여 습격하다, 불시에 말을 걸다

cunning ↔ artless, ingenuous ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한

cupidity [kjuːpídəti] n. 탐욕 cupidity ↔ generosity

curative [kjúərətiv] a. 치유의 1. serving or tending to cure 2. of or relating to the cure of disease

curator [kjuəréitər] n. 박물관장, 도서관장 ranger : forest :: curator : museum ranger 방황하는 사람; 무장 순찰 원; 삼림 감시 요원

curators : paintings :: librarians : books curator : art :: archivist : documents

curb [kəːrb] n. v. 재갈, 억제하다 : to check or control with or as if with a curb

curb ↔ goad, spur, lack of restraint goad (가축을 몰 때 쓰는) 막 기; 자극(stimulus) spur 박차; 자극, 격려; 동기

curb ↔ promote to proceed, unbridle bridle 굴레, 재갈; 속박, 억제

curmudgeon [kərmʌ dʒən] n. 심술궂은 놈 : an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn

notions curmudgeon ↔ agreeable person

current current : dated :: (OPPOSITE)

curriculum [kərikjuləm] n. 교과 과정 curriculum : course :: menu : dish

curry [kə ːri, kʌ ri] n. v. 카레 (요리하다) / (말에) 빗질하다, (무두

질한 가죽을) 제혁하다 curry favor 환심을 사다, 비위를 맞추다 to seek or gain favor by

fawning or flattery

curse [kə:rs] 1. a. an appeal or prayer for evil or misfortune to befall

someone or something b. the evil or misfortune that comes in or as if in response to

such an appeal 2. one that is accursed 3. a source or cause of evil; a scourage 4. a profane word or phrase; a swearword

curse ↔ benediction

cursory [kə ːrsəri] a. 엉성한, 겉핥기의 : HASTY : performed with haste and scant attention to detail 예; a cursory glance at the headlines

cursory ↔ painstakingly thorough, pinpoint(a.정확한, 정밀한), slow and thorough

fastidious ↔ easygoing, cursory, uncritical fastidious 성미가 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한

curt [kəːrt] a. 간략한, 퉁명스러운 : TERSE 1. rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner 2. using few words; terse 3. having been shortened

curt : words :: parsimonious : resource, money parsimonious (극도로) 검약하는, 인색한 excessively sparing or frugal

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curt ↔ protracted

curtail [kəːrtéil] v.t. 생략하다 : to cut short; abbreviate

curtail : period :: enervate : energy curtail : duration :: abase : strength curtail ↔ protract, prolong

custody [kʌ stədi] n. 보호, 관리; 구금, 구류 1. the act or right of guarding, especially such a right

granted by a court 2. care, supervision, and control exerted by one in charge 3. the state of being detained or held under guard,

especially by the police

cyclone [sáikloun] n. 폭풍 snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (snow는 precipitation 강수의 종류, hurricane은 cyclone(미국식 사고방식에 따르면 cyclone은 일반적 열대성 저기압)의 종류)

cynical [sínikəl] a. 냉소적인, 의심하는 : contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives

ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK) ingenue [ænʒənú:] 순진한 소녀/여자 an artless, innocent girl or

young woman

D dab [dæb] v. ~을 가볍게 두드리다, (페인트 등을) 살짝 칠하다 n.

가볍게 두드리기, 소량 dab ↔ coat thoroughly

dabble [dǽbəl] vi. 취미삼아 해 보다 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently

especially in a secondary activity or interest dabble in Latin 라틴어를 조금 배워보다 dabbler 취미삼아 해 보는 사람 (amateur)

dabbler : dedication :: martinet : leniency (LACK) leniency 관 함, 자비, 관용

dabbler : dedicated :: artlessness : canny, cunning, clever, shrewd (A에는 B가 없는)

canny 조심스러운, 신중한, 약삭빠른 cunning 약삭빠른, 교활한 shrewd 약삭빠른, 통찰력이 있는, 현명한 dabble : superficial :: (CHARACTER) dabble ↔ dedicate, devote, specialize dabbler ↔ specialist, dedicated professional, devotee

daft [dæft, dɑːft] a. 어리석은, 정신 이상의 : SILLY, INSANE : mad, crazy; foolish, stupid

daft : sanity :: skeptic : credulity (OPPOSITE) daft ↔ judicious, prudent, wise, far-seeing, well-advised judicious 영리한, 신중한 having or exhibiting sound judgment;

prudent sanity ↔ daftness sanity 온전한 정신, 판단의 건전함 (명사)

daguerreotype [dəgɛ ərətàip, -riə-] n. 은판 사진술 daguerreotype : photograph :: musket : firearm

dais [déiis] n. 연단 a raised platform, as in a lecture hall, for speakers or

honored guests dais : honor :: stadium : compete

dally [dǽli] vi. 희롱하다; 빈둥빈둥 시간을 보내다, 꾸물거리다 1. to play amorously; flirt 2. to trifle; toy

3. to waste time; dawdle dally : times :: squander : money dally : playful :: (CHARACTER)

damn [dæm] v. 혹평하다; 파멸시키다, 망치다 1. to pronounce an adverse judgment upon 2. to bring about the failure of; ruin 3. to condemn as harmful, illegal, or immoral

damn ↔ extol

damp [dæmp] n. a. v. 물기, 축축(한, 하게하다), 약화(낙담)시키

다 : MOISTURE, HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS v. 1. to make damp or moist; moisten 2. to extinguish (a fire, for example) by cutting off air 3. to restrain or check; discourage

abase : prestige :: damp : ardor abase (품위, 평가 등을) 낮추다, 떨어뜨리다 prestige 명성, 신망; 위세, 위신

damp ↔ amplify sere ↔ lush, damp sere 시든, 말라빠진 withered; dry lush 푸릇푸릇한; 무성한; 이익이 되는(profitable)

damper ↔ ameliorator ameliorate to make or become better; improve

dampen [dǽmpən] v. 축축하게 하다, (활력, 열의, 행동을) 풀 죽게 하다 : DEADEN

1. to make damp 2. to deaden, restrain, or depress 3. to soundproof 방음 장치를 하다

dampen : ardor :: abase : prestige dampen : sound :: dim : light dim ~을 어둑하게 하다 dampen ↔ increase intensity, parch, scorch, intensify, strengthen, invigorate, enliven parch 바싹 말리다, 갈증을 느끼게 하다; 볶다, 굽다 scorch 겉을 태우다, 그을리다; 말라죽게 하다; 혹평하다, 욕하다

dander [dǽndər] n. 화 : temper or anger

dandy [dǽndi] n. 멋쟁이 miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine hoard 저장, 저축, 축적 a hidden fund or supply stored for future use;

a cache preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다; 몸치장을 하다; 자랑하다, 우쭐

다 opine 의견을 말하다, 생각하다 to hold or state as an opinion dandy ↔ careless dresser

dank [dæŋk] a. 축축한 : disagreeably damp or humid

dank : moisture :: dappled : spot (A = B를 많이 가진 상태) dank : moisture :: sweltering : heat dank ↔ arid, parched, desiccated

dapper [dǽpər] a. 깔끔한 : NATTY : neat and trim in appearance 1. a. neatly dressed; trim b. very stylish in dress 2. lively and alert

slovenly : dapper :: indulgent : adherent (OPPOSITE) slovenly 추접스러운, 단정치 못한; 되는 로의, 날림의 indulgent 관 한, 너그러운

dapper : fastidious :: (A << B) fastidious 성미가 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한

dapper, natty ↔ frowzy, slovenly, unkempt frowzy 지저분한, 불결한; 고약한 냄새가 나는 slovenly 추접스러운, 단정치 못한; 되는 로의, 날림의 unkempt 흐트러진, 단정치 못한

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dappled [dǽpəld] a. 얼룩덜룩한, 얼룩무늬의 : spotted; mottled

striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot striated 가는 줄이 있는

daredevil [dɛ ərdèvəl] a. 앞뒤 안 가리는, 무모한 n. a recklessly bold person

prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in

judgment, and farsighted; wisdom simpleton 얼간이, 바보

daredevil : foolhardiness :: malcontent : dissatisfaction malcontent 불만이 있는, (사회 등에) 비판적인 dissatisfied with

existing conditions daredevil : audacity :: malcontent : dissatisfaction audacity 담, 용맹, 호방

dart [dɑːrt] v. 날쌔게 움직이다 : to move suddenly or rapidly

descend : plummet :: move : dart :: lessen : eliminate (A << B) dart : missile :: skiff : boat (A ∈ B) skiff 작은 배, 1인용의 노 젓는 경주용 배

dash [dæ∫] v. (물건을) 박살내다, 냅다 던지다, 단숨에 하다, (~에) 심하게 부딪치다, 격렬하게 움직이다 n. 돌진, 활기, 원기, 힘, 소량

dash ↔ apathy, dullness, languor, lethargy, torpor dash ↔ dally, dawdle, linger, tarry, lumber

dated [deitid] adj. 시 에 뒤떨어진, 구식의 1. marked with or displaying a date 날짜가 있는/적힌 2. old-fashioned; out-of-date

dated : currency :: spent : efficacy :: spent : solvency (LACK)

daunt [dɔːnt] v. 위협하다, 겁나게 하다 : COW, SUBDUE : to abate the courage of; discourage * dauntless a. 용감한, 두려움을 모르는 incapable of being

intimidated or discouraged dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment trepidation 전율, 공포, 놀람; 당황, 혼란 footloose 아무데나 갈 수 있는, 자유로운 having no attachment or

ties; free to do as one pleases dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain irrepressible 제지할 수 없는, 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible

to control or restrain dauntless : fear :: unscrupulous : qualm fearless : daunt :: impassive : perturb impassive 무감동의, 냉담한; 인사불성의; 무감각한

cowed ↔ undaunted cow 위협하다 (be cowed 겁먹다)

daunt ↔ embolden, make resolute, hearten, cheer, urge on daunting ↔ meek meek 참을성 있는; 온순한; 굴종적인

dauntless ↔ craven, easily discouraged, pusillanimous, trepid, timorous, coward, fearful craven 비겁한, 겁 많은 characterized by abject fear; cowardly pusillanimous 우유부단한, 소심한 lacking courage; cowardly

daunted, irresolute ↔ undeterred

dawdle [dɔ ːdl] v. 꾸물 다, 빈둥거리다, 어슬렁어슬렁 걷다, (시간을) 낭비하다

1. to take more time than necessary 2. to move aimlessly or lackadaisically

lackadaisical [lækədéizikəl] 활기 없는; 게으른, 나태한 dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (A는 B할 수 없고+B는 A의 OPPOSITE단어)

dawdle, ramble : move :: doodle : draw punctilious 꼼꼼한, 격식을 차리는, 딱딱한

dawdle ↔ hie hie 서두르다, 급히 가다 to go quickly; hasten

dawdler ↔

daze [deiz] v. 멍하게 하다, 당황하게 하다 1. to stun, as with a heavy blow or shock; stupefy 2. to dazzle, as with strong light

dazzle [dǽzəl] v. 눈부시게 하다. : to dim the vision of, especially to blind with intense light.

deactivate [diːǽktəvèit] v.t. 효력을 없애다, 비활성화 하다 : to make inactive or ineffective 1. to render inactive or ineffective 2. to inhibit, block, or disrupt the action of (an enzyme or

other biological agent) 3. to remove from active military status

deactivate ↔ potentiate potentiate 강력하게 하다; (약 등의) 효력을 높이다

deaden [dédn] v.t. 무감각하게 하다 : BLUNT 1. to render less intense, sensitive, or vigorous 2. to make soundproof 3. to make less colorful or brilliant

tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden analgesic 진통제

deadpan [dédpæ n] a. 무표정한; 무관심을 가장한 1. a blank, expressionless face 2. a person, especially a performer, who has or assumes a

blank expression deadpan : impassive :: impudent : brazen :: insightful : discerning impudent 뻔뻔스러운, 경솔한; 오만한, 버릇없는, 아니꼬운

dearth [dəːrθ] n. 부족, 결핍 : LACK 1. a scarce supply; a lack 2. shortage of food; famine

surfeit, spate, copiousness, plethora ↔ dearth spate 갑자기 쏟아져 나오기; 량, 다수 a sudden flood, rush, or

outpouring plethora 과다, 과잉(overfullness) a superabundance; an excess

debacle [deibɑ ːkl, -bǽkl, də-] n. 와해, 패주, 붕괴; 폭락, 도산 1. a sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat; a rout 2. a total, often ludicrous failure 3. the breaking up of ice in a river 4. a violent flood

rout 참패, 패주; 혼란한 군중, 오합지졸, 폭도; 사교 모임 debacle ↔ complete success, eclat eclat 화려함, 빛남; 과시; 갈채, 환호

debark [dibá:rk] v. 짐을 내리다, 하선하다 = disembark : to unload, as from a ship or an airplane

debark : ship :: unload : truck debark ↔ embark, get on, depart

debase [dibéis] v. (가치, 품위 등을) 떨어뜨리다 : to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade

debase : value :: attenuate : density, force, power, intensity, strength (B는 A의 대상, A는 B를 ↓) (alleviate : power는 오답)

enervation : vitality :: debasement : value debase : status :: lower : height :: chill : temperature debase ↔ ennoble ennoble 고귀하게 하다; 귀족에 봉하다 to make noble; to confer

nobility upon debasement ↔ deification, elevation, ennoblement deify 신으로 모시다, 신격화 하다

debate [dibéit] v. 토론/토의하다, 숙고하다 1. to consider something; deliberate 2. to engage in argument by discussing opposing 3. to engage in a formal discussion or argument

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box : fight :: debate : argue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) box 주먹다짐을 하다

debauchery [dibɔ ːtʃəri] n. 방탕, 무절제 : extreme indulgence in sensual pleasures; dissipation.

debauchery ↔ ascetism

debilitate [dibílətèit] v.t. 약하게 하다 : ENFEEBLE : to sap the strength or energy of; enervate

attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength debilitate ↔ invigorate, fortify, give energy, energize

debonair [dèbənɛ ər] adj. 서글서글한, 상냥한, 명랑한; 태평한 : suave; urbane : affable; genial : carefree and gay; jaunty

debonair ↔ awkward debonair, sophisticated ↔ uncouth uncouth 무례한,어색한, 꼴불견의

debris [dəbríː, déibriː / déb-] n. 파편, 잔해, 부스러기 debris : destroy :: ash : burn

debunk [diːbʌ ŋk] v. (거짓) 정체를 폭로하다, 까발리다 : to expose the sham or falseness of

debunk : deceive :: (OPPOSITE) debunk(거짓을 폭로하다) ↔ affirm, verify(진실을 증명하다) debunk ↔ perpetuate to sham, unexpose, shroud, deceive perpetuate 영속하게 하다, 불멸하게 하다 sham 모조품, 가짜, 속임, 엉터리; (장식용) 커버, 씌우개 shroud [ʃraud] 수의; 가리개; 덮어 가리다, 얼버무리다

debut [deibjúː, di-, déi- déb-] n. 데뷔 debut : career :: embark : journey embark 배에 태우다, 싣다; (남을) 사업에 끌어들이다, (돈 등을) 사

업에 다 debut ↔ farewell performance

decadence [dékədəns, dikéidns] n. 쇠퇴, 타락 : a process, condition, or period of deterioration or decline,

as in morals or art; decay decadence ↔ wholesomeness wholesome 건전한, 유익한; 건강에 좋은

decant [dikǽnt] v.t. (액체를) 가만히 따르다 1. to pour off (wine, for example) without disturbing the

sediment 2. to pour (a liquid) from one container into another

subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour (A << B) subterfuge 핑계, 구실 a deceptive stratagem or device

decentralize [diːséntrəlàiz] v. (중앙의 기능을) 분산시키다; 집중을 배제하다

: to distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a central authority) among several local authorities

decibel [désəbèl, -bəl] n. 데시벨 decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power :: lumen : light :: light-year : distance :: kilometer : distance :: pound : weight

decipher [disáifər] v.t. 암호를 풀다 1. to read or interpret (ambiguous, obscure, or illegible

matter) 2. to convert from a code or cipher to plain text; decode * indecipherable 해독(판독)할 수 없는

indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled encoded : decipher :: tacit : infer (암호화된 것은 풀어야 할 대상, 암묵적인, 넌지시 내비치는 것은 추론해서 알아내야 될 대상)

tacit; implied by or inferred from actions or statements 예; Managements has given its tacit approval to the plan. legible : decipher :: legible 읽기 쉬운, 판독할 수 있는

decipher : hieroglyph :: break : code hieroglyph [háiərəglìf] hieroglyphic [hàiərəglífik] 상형문자, 판독하기

어려운 문자

declamation [dekləéi∫:ən] n. 웅변술; 극적 효과를 노린 연설/문장 1. a recitation delivered as an exercise in rhetoric or

elocution 2. a. vehement oratory b. a speech marked by strong feeling;

a tirade declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse grandiloquence 호언장담, 허풍

decode [diːkóud] v.t. 암호를 풀다 : to convert from code into plain text

tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher tacit 무언의, 잠잠한; 암묵의, 넌지시 내비치는 taciturn 말이 없는, 말수가 적은; 무뚝뚝한 habitually untalkative

indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled

decorum [dikɔ ːrəm] n. 적절함, 예의 바름 1. appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety 2. the conventions of polite behavior 3. the appropriateness of an element of an artistic or literary

work, such as style or tone, to its particular circumstance or to the composition as a whole

* indecorous adj. 예절 없는, 예의에 어긋나는, 꼴사나운 miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum gaffe [gæf] 교제상의 실수, 결례 a clumsy social error; a blatant

mistake or misjudgment decorum ↔ impropriety mangy, unseemly ↔ sleek, decorous mangy [méindʒi] (가축 등이) 옴이 오른; 털이 빠진; 초라한, 누추한 sleek 매끈매끈한, 윤기 나는; 손질이 잘된

indecorous ↔ proper

decrepit [dikrépit] adj. 쇠약한, 노쇠한 : weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age,

illness, or hard use decrepit ↔ vigorous, sound, sturdy, robust, hale, firm, alive, lively decrepitude ↔ sturdiness, cheerfulness, alacrity

decry [dikrɑ i] v. 헐뜯다, 깎아내리다, 비난하다 1. to condemn openly 2. to depreciate (currency, for example) by official

proclamation or by rumor celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) decry ↔ acclaim, applaud, extol, praise, compliment, honor, appreciate

dedication [dèdikéiʃən] n. 헌신, 전념 : a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose

bigot : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) bigot 광신자, 편협한 사람

zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (A >> B) mesmerism [mézmərìzəm] 저항하기 힘든 유혹, 매혹 a strong or

spellbinding appeal; fascination dabble ↔ dedicate, devote

default [difɔ ːlt] 채무 불이행, 태만 : a failure to pay financial debts

default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE) default ↔ fulfill an obligation, pay one's debt

defeasible [difí:zəbl] adj. 무효화할 수 있는, 파기(해제)할 수 있는

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* indefeasible [ìndifí:zəbl] a. 파기(무효화)할 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는, 몰수할 수 없는 (예) indefeasible rights to freedom 빼앗을 수 없는 자유의 권리 : that cannot be annulled or made void

defeasible ↔ effective, feasible indefeasible : annul :: ineffable : express, depict : ineradicable : remove (A=B할 수 없는)

indefeasible ↔ defeasible

defer [difə :r] v. 연기하다; 존중하다, 따르다, 양보하다 : to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance

usually through deference or respect arrogant : defer :: defer : leader :: admire : hero exigent ↔ deferrable exigent 긴급한, 절박한

deference [déf:ərəns] n. 복종; 경의, 존경 1. submission or courteous yielding to the opinion, wishes,

or judgment of another 2. courteous respect

deference : authority :: emulation : exemplar reverent : deference :: exemplary : imitation deference ↔ contempt

deferential [dèfərénʃəl] a. 공손한 : showing or expressing respect and esteem due a superior

or an elder deferential : offend :: scornful : respect intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한 uncompromising

frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile

compliance; fawning exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence exemplary 본보기의, 전형적인

deferential : offend :: adamant : yield adamant 요지부동의, 단호한 impervious to pleas, appeals, or

reason; stubbornly unyielding impudent ↔ deferential, respectful impudent 뻔뻔스러운, 주제넘은; 건방진, 오만한 characterized by

offensive boldness deferential ↔ contemptuous, imperious, domineering, impudent contemptuous a. 경멸적인, 모욕적인, 업신여기는 imperious 오만한, 고압적인; 긴급한 arrogantly domineering or

overbearing; urgent, pressing overbearing 고압적인, 거만한, 횡포한 domineering 오만한, 횡포한, 폭군적인

deferrable [difə :rəb:əl] adj. 연기할 수 있는 deferrable ↔ exigent exigent 1. requiring immediate action or remedy 2. requiring much effort or expense; demanding

deficiency [difíʃənsi] n. 부족, 결핍 : SHORTAGE 1. the quality or condition of being deficient;

incompleteness or inadequacy 2. a lack or shortage, especially of something essential to

health; an insufficiency deficiency ↔ surfeit, surplus, repletion

defile [difáil] v. 더럽히다, 모독하다, 훼손하다 n. 좁은 길/골짜기 1. a narrow gorge or pas that restricts lateral movement, as

of troops 2. a march in a line

precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness precipice [présəpis] 절벽, 벼랑; 위기, 궁지

definitive [difínətiv] adj. 확실한; 최종적인; 명확한, 한정적인 1. precisely defined or explicit 2. supplying or being a final settlement or decision;

conclusive 3. authoritative and complete

definitive ↔ provisional

deflate [difléit] 바람을 빼다; 기운을 꺾다 1. a. to release contained air or gas from b. to collapse by

releasing contained air or gas 2. to reduce or lessen the size or importance of

puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled jar n. 항아리, 단지 v. 덜컥거리다, 진동하다; (귀, 신경에) 거슬리다,

불쾌감을 주다

defoliant [di(ː)fóuliənt] n. 고엽제 defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect

deforest v. 나무를 베어 없애다; 벌채하다 ↔ afforest to cut down and clear away the trees or forests from

deforestation : tree :: insecticide : insect

defraud [difrɔ ːd] v.t. 속여서 빼앗다 : to deprive of something by deception or fraud; swindle

defray [difréi] v. ( 가, 비용을) 부담하다, ~을 지불하다 to undertake the payment of (costs or expenses); pay.

defray ↔ entrust entrust v. (남에게 금전 등을) 맡기다

deft [deft] a. 손재주 좋은, 솜씨 좋은 : quick and skillful; adroit

craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE) craven 비겁한, 겁 많은

maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (OPPOSITE) expedite v.촉진시키다, 신속히 처리하다, a. 신속한, 장애 없는 deft ↔ maladroit, clumsy, awkward, ham-handed, inept ham-handed 특히 손이 큰; 솜씨 없는, 서투른

defuse [di(ː)fjúːz] v.t. 긴장을 완화시키다; (폭탄, 지뢰에서) 뇌관을 제거하다

: to make less harmful, potent, or tense defuse ↔ foment

defy [difái] v.t. (공공연하게) 반 하다 : DARE (n.도전,반항) 1. a. to oppose or resist wit boldness and assurance b. to

refuse to submit to or cooperate with 2. to be unaffected by; resist or withstand 3. to challenge or dare (someone) to do something * defiance 권위에 한 과감한 저항, 반항, 도전, 경멸 * defiant 도전적인, 반항적인, 시비조의, 담한, 오만한

defiance : resistance :: obeisance : deference defiant : resistable :: defiant : resistance :: rational : reason (plausible : conviction은 오답) defiant : authority :: maverick : convention (A는 B(대상)에 순종하는 것을 부정)

acquiesce, not challenge, obey ↔ defy defiance ↔ submission, obedience defy, stand up to, resist ↔ submit, acquiesce, yield, comply, pacify stand up to; to confront fearlessly, face up to

defiant ↔ tractable

dehydrate [diːháidreit] v.t. 건조시키다, 탈수하다 abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness :: devitalize : energy

fatigue : rest, repose :: dehydration : water (A remove B) dehydration : moisture :: descent : altitude :: desertification : vegetation descent : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture (A lower B) descent 하강; 내리받이; 가계, 혈통; 세습, 유전; 몰락, 전락

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dehydration : moisture :: desertification : vegetation desertification 사막화 vegetation (집합적) 식물, 초목, 식생

dehydrate : moisture :: attenuate : power dehydrate ↔ reconstitute(중국6-1-32), saturate, sature with water, immerse reconstitute 다시 구성하다, 재건하다, 원상태로 돌리다

deification [dìːəfəkéiʃən] n. 신격화 deification ↔ debasement (malfeasance(오답) 부정 행위, 위법 행위)

deify [dí:əf`ai] v. 신으로 삼다; 신성시하다 1. to make a god of; raise to the condition of a god 2. to worship or revere as a god 3. to idealize; exalt

deify ↔ speak/watch with contempt

deject [didʒékt] v.t. 낙담시키다 : to lower the spirits of; dishearten

mollify : anger :: hearten : dejection dejected : embarrassment :: (A >> B) dejected ↔ exultant, gladden exultant 기뻐 날뛰는, 환희하는 marked by great joy or jubilation;

triumphant gladden [glǽdən] 기쁘게 하다, 즐겁게 하다 to make glad

dejection ↔ exultation, gladness, jocundity jocular 익살떠는, 까부는 1. characterized by joking 2. given to joking

delectable [diléctəbl] adj. 기분 좋은, 유쾌한, 맛있는 1. greatly pleasing; delightful 2. greatly pleasing to the taste; delicious

delectable ↔ loathsome, unpleasant delectable ↔ unsavory, unpalatable

delegation [dèligéiʃən] n. 표(단) : a person or group of persons officially elected or

appointed to represent another or others * delegate (권한, 임무 등을) 남에게 위임하다

delegation : represented :: (EQUAL, 명 : 형) delegate ↔ assume responsibility, keep from, retain, hold

deleterious [dèlətíəriəs] a. 해로운, 유해한 : having a harmful effect; injurious

deleterious ↔ salutary, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial, benignant salutary [sǽljətèri] 유익한, 이로운; 건강에 좋은 salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-

being wholesome 건강에 좋은; 건전한, 유익한

deliberate [dilíbərit]/ [dilíbərèit] a. 신중한 1. done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature

and effect; intentional 2. arising from or marked by careful consideration 3. unhurried in action, movement, or manner, as if trying to

avoid error * deliberation n. 심사숙고, 궁리, 신중함, 세심함

brash : deliberation :: candor : subterfuge brash 성급한, 경솔한; 무례한, 버릇없는 subterfuge a deceptive stratagem or device

caprice : deliberation : impromptu : rehearsal deliberate : decide :: hasty ↔ characterized by deliberation, deliberate deliberation ↔ impetuosity impetuous ↔ deliberate impetuous 충동적인, 성급한; 격렬한, 맹렬한

delicacy [délikəsi] n. 섬세함, 연약함, 정중함 : FINENESS

ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense (A lack B, 형 : 명) ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy (CHARACTER) chiaroscuro 명암의 배분

delicacy ↔ crudity crude 천연 그 로의; (생각, 이론 등이) 미숙한, 허술한; 세련되지

못한, 버릇없는 husky ↔ delicate husky (몸이) 튼튼한; (목소리가) 쉰 hoarse or rough in quality

delinquent [dilíŋkwənt] a. 태만한, 의무 불이행의; 지급 기일이 지난 1. failing to do what law or duty requires 2. overdue in payment

delirium [dilíriəm] n. 의식의 혼란, 광란 1. a temporary state of mental confusion and clouded

consciousness resulting from high fever, intoxication, shock, or other causes 2. a state of uncontrolled excitement or emotion

coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion

delude [dilúːd] v.t. 속이다, 착각하다 : DECEIVE, TRICK to deceive the mind or judgment of

delusion 현혹, 기만, 망상 delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception hallucination 환영, 환상; 착각, 망상

delude : disabuse :: (OPPOSITE) delude ↔ disabuse

deluge [déljuːdʒ] n. 홍수, 큰 비 v. 물에 잠기게 하다 : a great flood; a heavy downpour; something that

overwhelms as if by a great flood rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane (A << B) droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide (A << B) landslide 산사태, 사태로 무너진 토사; 승리

deluge ↔ drizzle, trickle drizzle 이슬비, 가랑비 to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops

delusive [dilú:siv] adj. 기만적인, 속이는; 가공적인 1. tending to delude 2. having the nature of a delusion; false

delusive ↔ transparent

delve [delv] v. 깊이 파고들다, 철저히 조사하다 : to make a careful or detailed search for information

quaff : sip :: delve : skim (A >> B) skim (액체의 표면을) 걷어내다; 충 읽다/조사하다

scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim scrutinize 정 하게 조사하다 to examine or observe with great care;

inspect critically gloss 주를 달다; 그럴싸하게 설명하다, 억지로 갖다 붙이다

demagogue [déməgɔ ːg, -gɑ g / -gɔ g] n. 선동가 demagogue : instruct :: shirk : malinger shirk (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다, 게을리 하다, n.게으름쟁이, 꾀부리는

사람(=shirker)

demanding adj. 지나치게 요구하는; 엄격한 : requiring much effort or attention

demanding : satisfactory :: closed-minded : sway closed-minded intolerant of the beliefs and opinions of others;

stubbornly unreceptive to new ideas

demise [dimáiz] n. 사망, (퇴임 또는 유언에 의한) 양도 1. a. death b. the end of existence or activity 2. (law) transfer of an estate by lease or will 3. the transfer of a ruler's authority by death or abdication

appropriate ↔ demise appropriate a. 적당한, 타당한 v. (물건, 돈 등을) 돌려쓰다; 책정하

다; 전용/도용하다

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demography [dimɑ grəfi / diːmɔ g-] n. 인구학 demography : population :: meteorology : weather

demolition [dèməlíʃən, dìː-] n. 파괴, 타파; 폐허 :the act or process of wrecking or destroying, especially

destruction by explosives * demolish [dimáli∫|-mɔ l-] v. 부수다, (계획, 제도 등을) 뒤엎

다 1. to tear down completely; raze 2. to do away with completely; put an end to 3. to damage (someone's reputation, for example) severely

recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition rehabilitate 사회로 복귀시키다, 재건하다, 회복시키다

demolish ↔ construct

demonstrable [démənstrəbəl,/dimɑ n-] a. 증명할 수 있는; 명백한 1. capable of being demonstrated or proved 2. obvious or apparent

demonstrable ↔ unable to prove, incapable to be approved

demoralize [dimɔ ːrəlàiz] v.t. 기를 꺾다, 당황케 하다 : DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT

1. to undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten 2. to put into disorder; confuse 3. to debase the morals of; corrupt

dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength :: disiccate : moisture dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten morale [məræ l] 사기

demoralize ↔ invigorate, cheer ckl

demote [dimóut] v.t. …의 계급[지위]을 낮추다, …을 강등시키다 demotion n.

demote : rank :: cheapen : value demote ↔ promote demotion ↔ promotion

demotic [dimɑ tik / -mɔ t-] a. 민중의 : of or relating to the common people; popular

demotic ↔ profound

demur [dimə ːr] v. 반 하다, 이의를 제기하다 n . 이의, 반 1. to voice opposition; object 2. to delay * demurral 이의, 지체

demur : qualms, doubt :: waver : irresoluteness (A = B를 나타냄) qualm 양심의 가책, 꺼림칙함; 불안, 염려

demur : objection :: praise : approbation demur : assent :: (OPPOSITE) demur ↔ accept, accede, assent accede (요구, 제안 등에) 동의하다, 따르다; (관직 등에) 앉다, 이

르다, 취임하다 assent; n. v.동의(하다), 찬성(하다)

demurral ↔ assent, agreement, approval

demurrable [dimə ːrəbəl / -mʌ r-] adj. 항소, 항변할 수 있는, 이의

를 주장할 수 있는 supine ↔ vigilant/alert demurrable ↔ firm, agreeable

demystify [diːmístəfài] v.t. 신비성을 제거하다, 계몽하다 : to make less mysterious; clarify

demystify ↔ obfuscate obfuscate 혼란시키다, 당황하게 하다; 애매하게 하다, 알기 어렵게

하다

den [den] n. (야생동물의)굴;피난 동굴;(도둑의)소굴; 사실(私室) 1. the shelter or retreat of a wild animal; a lair 2. a cave or hollow used as a refuge or hiding place 3. a hidden or squalid dwelling place 4. a secluded room for study or relaxation

denigrate [dénigrèit] v.t. 헐뜯다, 모욕하다 : DEFAME 1. to attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of 2. to disparage; belittle

denigrate ↔ exalt, honor (동사) exalt (지위 등을) 높이다(elevate); 칭찬/찬양하다(glorify)

denigration, rebuke, reprobation ↔ accolade (명사)

denouement [deinúːmɑːŋ] n. (연극, 소설 등의) 단원 1. a. the final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or

narrative plot b. the events following the climax of a drama or novel in which such a resolution or clarification takes place

2. the outcome of a sequence of events; the end result joke : punch line :: plot : denouement punch line (광고, 농담 등의) 급소가 되는 글귀 the climax of a joke or

humorous story

denounce [dináuns] v. (공공연히) 비난하다, 고발하다, (조약, 계약, 협정 등의) 폐기 통고를 하다

1. to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible 2. to accuse formally 3. to give formal announcement of the ending of (a treaty)

admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B는 A를 공공연히 함) pillory : 벌주기 위해 칼을 씌우다, 칼을 씌워 웃음거리로 만들다 to

expose to ridicule and abuse; to put a pillory as punishment admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince libel : criticize :: denounce : reject libel n. v. 명예 훼손이 되는 것, 중상하다 fulfillment : denouncement :: (OPPOSITE) castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial (A >> B) castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit (A >> B) castigate 징계하다, 혹평하다 to inflict severe punishment; to criticize

severely reprove 책망하다, 야단치다, 질책하다

denounce ↔ condone, embrace, eulogy, extol, advocate condone (죄 등을) 용서하다, 눈감아주다

denunciation ↔ accolade, eulogy, panegyric denouncing ↔ bracing

dent [dent] n. 움푹한 곳; 두드린 자국; (수량의) 감소 1. a depression in a surface made by pressure or a blow 2. (informal) a significant, usually diminishing effect or

impression dent ↔ convex

denture [dént∫ə:r] n. 틀니, 의치 denture : teeth :: toupee : hair :: wig : hair toupee [tu:péi] 가발

denude [dinjúːd] v. ~을 벗기다 : to divest of covering; make bare

denude ↔ cover denude, uncover ↔ blanket blanket ~을 덮어 가리다

denunciation [dinʌ nsiéiʃən, -ʃi-] n. 탄핵, 공공연한 비난 1. the act or an instance of denouncing, especially a public

condemnation or censure 2. the act of accusing another of a crime before a public

prosecutor * denunciate 공공연히 비난하다, 탄핵하다

castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial denunciation ↔ accolade, eulogy, panegyric, praise accolade 기사 작위 수여식; 영예, 칭찬

denunciate ↔ praise

deny [dinái] n. 부정하다 : controvert, dispute, refute, rebut, disprove

* deniable adj. 부인(부정, 거부)할 수 있는

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deny ↔ corroborate deniable ↔ incontrovertible

depart [dipɑ ːrt] vi. 떠나다 : LEAVE abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait :: purloin : take pilfer 좀도둑질하다, 슬쩍 훔치다 to steal (a small amount or item) lurk 숨다, 잠복하다; 잠행하다, 살금살금 걷다 purloin [pə:rlɔ in] 훔치다 to steal, often in a violation of trust

depict [dipíkt] v.t. 서술, 묘사하다 1. to represent in a picture or sculpture 2. to represent in words, describe

deplete [diplíːt] v.t. 고갈시키다 : to decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out

enrich ↔ deplete depletion ↔ richness depletive ↔ rich

deplore [diplɔ ːr] v.t. 비난하다; 유감으로 생각하다, 깊이 뉘우치

다; 애통해하다, 슬퍼하다 1. to feel or express strong disapproval of 2. to express sorrow or grief over 3. to regret; bemoan

deplore ↔ accolade, laud, express accolade, extol, commend, applaud, approve

deplore ↔ rejoice commend 추천하다; 칭찬하다 to represent as worthy, qualified,

desirable; to express approval of

deploy [diplɔ i] v. 전개하다, 배치하다; (목적에 맞게) 사용하다 1. a. to position (troops) in readiness for combat, as along a

front or line b. to bring (forces or material) into action c. to base (a weapons system) in the

field 2. to distribute (persons or forces) systematically or

strategically 3. to put into use or action

deploy ↔ concentrate

deport [dipɔ :rt] v. 추방하다; 처신하다 1. to expel from a country 2. to behave or conduct (oneself) in a given manner;

comport deportation [dìːpɔːrtéiʃən] n. 국외 추방 : the removal from a country of an alien whose presence is

unlawful or prejudicial deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling :: expel : school

depose [dipóuz] v.t. (높은 자리에서) 물러나게 하다; (선서 공술 문서에 의해) 증언하다

v. 1. a. to remove from office or power b. to dethrone 2. (law) a. to state or affirm in a deposition or by affidavit b.

to take a deposition from 3. to put or lay down; deposit

perjure ↔ depose, attest perjure [pə :rdʒər] 위증하다

deposit [dèpəzit] n. 퇴적물, 찌꺼기; 기탁, 보관, (은행에) 예금 v. 1. to put or set down; place 2. to lay down or leave behind by a natural process 3. a. to give over or entrust for safekeeping b. to put

(money) in a bank or financial account 4. to give as partial payment or security

deposit, deposition ↔ process of eroding

depravity [diprǽvəti] n. 타락, 부패 1. moral corruption or degradation 2. a depraved act or condition

doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue doldrums 침체, 부진; 침울, 우울

deprecate [déprikèit] v.t. 비난하다, 헐뜯다 : BELITTLE, DISPARAGE

1. to express disapproval of; deplore 2. to belittle; depreciate

laud : deprecated :: (OPPOSITE) deprecate ↔ extol, vaunt, tout, laud, endorse, hymn, acclaim vaunt 자랑하다, 뽐내다 to speak boastfully of tout 성가시게 조르다; 극구 칭찬하다

depreciate [dipríːʃièit] v. 가치를 저하시키다 1. to lessen the price or value of 2. to think or speak of as being of little worth; belittle 얕보다 * depreciation n.

fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swagger hauteur [hout ə :r] 거만(한 태도) haughtiness in bearing and attitude;

arrogance swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다, 뻐기다

imperious : fawn :: swaggering : self-depreciate depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility :: attenuation : power

depress [diprés] v.t. 억누르다, 기를 꺾다 1. to lower in spirits; deject 2. a. to cause to drop or sink; lower b. to press down 3. to lessen the activity or force of; weaken 4. to lower prices in (a stock market)

depressant : mood :: depressant 의기소침한; 불경기의 tending to lower the rate of vital

physiological activities despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled (EQUAL, 형 : 형) protuberant ↔ depressed protuberant 융기한, 돌출한; 두드러진, 눈에 띄는; 현저한 swelling

outward; bulging

deprivation [dèprəvéiʃən] n. 박탈, 손실 1. a. the act or an instance of depriving; loss b. the condition

of being deprived; privation 2. a removal of rank or office

privation 결여, 궁핍 상실; 박탈, 몰수 deprivation ↔ surfeit (중국 10회)

deracinate [dirǽsənèit] v.t. 뿌리째 뽑다, 근절시키다 : UPROOT 1. to pull out by the roots; uproot 2. to displace from one's native or accustomed environment

deracinate ↔ plant

derelict [dérəlikt] a. 버려진, 무너진, 태만한 n. 낙오자 : VAGRANT, BUM

1. deserted by an owner or keeper; abandoned 2. run-down; dilapidated 3. neglectful or duty or obligation; remiss

stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (OPPOSITE, 사람 : 형) poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람

derelict ↔ pillar of society, affection derelict ↔ extremely careful, dutiful

deride [diráid] v.t. 조롱하다 : to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth

mirth 명랑, 유쾌; 웃음 gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (EQUAL) condescension 겸손, 공손, 정중 condescend 생색내며 해주다; 자기를 낮추어 ...하다

apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EXPRESS) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless pontificate 주교의 직무를 수행하다; 오만한 태도를 보이다 scoff 비웃다, 조롱하다 to mock at or treat with derision

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drawl 점잔빼며 천천히 말하다 to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels

bluster (파도, 바람 등이) 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision smirk 뻐기듯이 웃다 to smile in an affected, often offensively self-

satisfied manner smug 잘난 체하는, 독선적인 exhibiting or feeling great or offensive

satisfaction with oneself or with one's situation sneer 비웃다, 냉소하다; 빈정거리다

gibe : derision :: condolence : sympathy :: apologize : regret condolence 문상, 애도

ridicule : derision :: deride ↔ praise derision ↔ veneration

derivative [dirívətiv] a. 파생된, 이끌어낸; 원본이 아닌 : copied or adapted from others

innovative, precursory, original ↔ derivative, sequela sequela [sikwí:lə] 후유증 a secondary consequence or result

derivative ↔ innovative, original, precursory, seminal seminal 정액의, 씨의; 창조적인 of, relating, or having the power to

originate; creative

derogate v. (가치, 명예 등을) 떨어뜨리다, 훼손하다; 타락하다 1. to take away; detract 2. to deviate from a standard or expectation; go astray

derogate ↔ accolade, aggrandize, laud

derogatory [dirɑ gətɔ ːri / -rɔ gətəri] a. 헐뜯는; 경멸적인, 깔보

는 : DISPARAGING 1. disparaging; belittling 2. tending to detract or diminish

derogatory ↔ laudatory

descend [disénd] v. (아래로) 경사지다, 감소하다; (영향을) 미치

다; 전해지다, 유전하다 descend : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture

descendant [diséndənt] n. 자손 forbears ↔ descendants

desecrate [désikrèit] v.t. 신성 모독하다 : PROFANE : to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously

desecrate ↔ sanctify, revere, hallow sanctify 신성하게 하다; 깨끗이 하다, 정화하다 hallow 신성하게 하다; 신성한 것으로 숭배하다 cf. hollow 속이 빈, 공허한

desert [dizə ːrt] v. 버리다 : to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return

desiccate [désikèit] v.t. 건조시키다 : DEHYDRATE 1. to dry out thoroughly 2. to preserve (foods) by removing the moisture 3. to make dry, dull, or lifeless * desiccant adj. 건조성의 n. 건조제

abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry desiccate : moisture :: detoxify : poison :: clear : dirt :: decelerate : velocity : bleach : color

desiccation : moisture :: deceleration : velocity desiccated : moisture :: enervated : strength (A는 B의 반대 동사 완료형)

desiccant : dryness :: emollient : suppleness desiccant : moisture :: refrigerant : heat cleanse : dirt :: desiccant : moisture :: respite : labor :: offbeat : bathetic (OPPOSITE) respite 일시적 중단 a usually short interval of rest or relief offbeat (음악) 약한 박자; 색다른, 자유스러운 not conforming to an

ordinary type or pattern bathos 점강법; 진부함, 평범함

desiccate ↔ add water to, drench, hydrate, saturate, wet thoroughly, imbue

desiccated ↔ saturated

designate [dézignèit] v. ∼라 부르다 1. to indicate or specify; point out 2. to give a name or title to; characterize 3. to select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose

foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate appellation [ǽpəléiʃən] 이름, 명명, 호칭, 칭호

desist [dizíst] v. ~을 그만두다 To cease doing something; forbear.

desist : injunction :: desist ↔ begin desist ↔ continue, persist, persevere, commence desisting ↔ onset

despair [dispɛ ər] n. 절망 v. 절망하다 명. complete loss of hope 동. 1. to lose all hope 2. to be overcome by a sense of futility or defeat

abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope abandon n. 방종 a complete surrender of inhibitions

despicable [déspikəbəl, dispík-] a. 경멸할 만한 : deserving of contempt or scorn; vile

despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard :: redoubtable : regard, awe redoubtable 가공할; 존경할 만한

venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn despicable : valuable :: mulish : flexible despicable ↔ venerable, laudable, commendable

despise [dispɑ iz] v. 경멸하다, 얕보다, 몹시 싫어하다 1. to regard with contempt or scorn 2. to dislike intensely; loathe 3. to regard as unworthy of one's interest or concern

despise ↔ venerate, respect

despondent [dispɑ ndənt / -spɔ nd-] a. 기가 죽은, 낙담한 DEJECTED

despondency [dispɑ ndensi|dispɔ n-] n. 낙담, 의기소침 : depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or

courage; dejection despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (EQUAL) saturnine 토성의 영향을 받아 태어난; 우울한, 시무룩한; 납의

despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled despondent ↔ sanguine, elated sanguine 불그레한, 혈색 좋은; 자신감 넘치는, 낙천적인 cheerfully

confident; optimistic

despot [déspət|-p t] n. 전제군주 1. a ruler with absolute power 2. a person who wields power oppressively; a tyrant

despotic [despɑ tik] adj. 전제적인, 횡포한 despotic : tyranny :: generous : liberality

dessert [dizə ːrt] n. 디저트 dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata

destitute [déstətjùːt] adj. 빈곤한 : lacking resources or the means of subsistence; completely

impoverished; poor. destitute ↔ affluent

desultory [désəltɔ ːri / -təri] a. 종잡을 수 없는, 막연한; 엉뚱한 1. moving or jumping from one thing to another;

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disconnected 2. occurring haphazardly; random

desultory : plan :: inadequate : sufficiency :: sluggish : industriousness :: languid : energy (LACK) languid 나른한, 맥없는; 흥미 없는, 의욕이 없는

desultory : plan :: facile : profundity (LACK) facile 경쾌한, 능란한; 피상적인, 경박한; 손쉬운, 용이한

desultory ↔ strictly methodical, carefully planned, assiduous assiduous 꾸준한; 근면한, 부지런한

detach [ditǽtʃ] v.t. 분리하다 1. to separate or unfasten; disconnect 2. to remove from association or union with something 3. to send (troops or ships, for example) on a special

mission tether ↔ detach tether [téðər] 밧줄로 묶다, 속박하다 to fasten or restrict with or as

if with a tether

detain [ditéin] v. 붙들다, 지체하게 하다; 구류시키다 1. to keep from proceeding; delay or retard 2. to keep in custody or temporary confinement

custody 보호, 관리; 구금, 구류 detain ↔ manumit manumit (노예 상태에서) 해방/석방하다 to free from slavery or

bondage; emancipate

deter [ditə ːr] v.t. 단념시키다, 방해하다 : to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of ear

or doubt * deterrence

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용기 있는 resolutely courageous; fearless rapt 골몰한, 넋을 잃은; 황홀해 있는 deeply moved or delighted;

deeply absorbed inducement ↔ deterrent inducement 유인, 권유; 자극, 동기

deter ↔ spur, facilitate, promote undaunted ↔ deterred deterrent ↔ inducement, incentive

determinative [ditə :rməneitiv|-nət-] adj. 결정력이 있는, 한정적인 determinative ↔ questionable, uncertain, unimportant

deteriorate [dití(:)əriərèit] v. 악화시키다, (가치 등을) 떨어뜨리다, (도덕 등을) 저하시키다

: to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value deterioration ↔ improvement, amelioration deteriorate ↔ ameliorate, improve, strengthen, fortify

detestable [ditéstəbəl] a. 혐오할 만한 : ABOMINABLE : inspiring or deserving abhorrence or scorn

detour [díːtuər, ditúər] 우회하다, 비켜서 가다 : to go or cause to go by a roundabout way 1. a roundabout way or course, especially a road used

temporarily instead of a main route 2. a deviation from a direct course of action

detour : route, path :: digress : topic :: transgress, trespass : rule digressive 주제를 벗어나기 쉬운, 지엽적인 (rambling)

detoxify [di:tɑ ksəfai|-tɔ k-] 해독하다, 독성을 없애다 detoxificatin : poison :: neutralization : acid

detract [ditrǽkt] v. (주의 등을) 딴 데로 돌리다; 비난하다 1. to draw or take away; divert 2. (archaic) to speak ill of; belittle

extol ↔ condemn, impugn, detract impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;

challenge in argument

detritus [ditráitəs] n. 파편 : DEBRIS debris : destroy :: ash : burn detritus ↔ valuable mass, valuable product

devastate [dévəstèit] v. 황폐화시키다; 무찌르다, 압도하다 1. to lay waste; destroy 2. to overwhelm; confound; stun

spry ↔ devastated spry 활발한, 기운찬

deviation [dìːviéiʃən] n. 일탈; (통계) 편차 : noticeable or marked departure from accepted norms of

behavior * deviate v.

deviate ↔ follow strictly

devious [díːviəs] adj. 꾸불한 : not straightforward; shifty

devious ↔ straightforward, sincere

devise [diváiz] v.t. 고안하다 : INVENT : to form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrive

devoted [divóutid] a. 헌신적인, 몰두한 1. feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment;

ardent 2. having been consecrated; dedicated

consecrate 신성하게 하다; 전념하다, 바치다; 신성하게 하다 devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) fastidious 성미가 까다로운; 세심한 주의가 필요한

fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A = B한 사람) fanatic 광신자 a person marked or motivated by an extreme,

unreasoning enthusiasm prude 고상한 체하는 사람

elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence dabble ↔ dedicate, devote dabble 물장난을 치다; 취미/장난삼아 해보다

devoutness ↔ impiety impiety 경건하지 못함; 불손, 무례

devout [diváut] a. 독실한, 경건한; 성실한 1. devoted to religion or to the fulfillment of religious

obligations 2. displaying reverence or piety 3. sincere; earnest

religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy orthodoxy 정교적 신념; 정통성, 정설

impiety ↔ devoutness impiety 경건하지 못함; 불손, 무례

dew [d:ju:] n. 이슬, 물방울 dew : condensation :: rust : corrosion

dexterous [dékstərəs] a. 솜씨 좋은, 교묘한 : CLEVER 1. skillful in the use of the hands 2. having mental skill or adroitness 3. done with dexterity

dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict prescience 통찰, 예지; 선견(foresight) knowledge of actions or events

before they occur; foresight dexterous : awkward :: (OPPOSITE) dexterous ↔ clumsy, ungainly, awkward, inept

diabolic [dɑ iəbɑ lik / -bɔ l-] a. 악마적인; 사악한, 잔인한 : DEVILISH

1. of, concerning, or characteristic of the devil; satanic 2. appropriate to a devil, especially in degree of wickedness

or cruelty

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diabolization ↔ benediction diabolic ↔ seraphic, benefic, benevolent benefic 은혜를 베푸는, 인정 많은(beneficent)

diagnose [dáiəgnòus, - -- ] v. 진단하다 : to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms

diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct (B를 하기 위해 A를 행함) proofread to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark

corrections

diaphanous [daiǽfənəs] a. 투명에 가까운, 애매하고 내용 없는 : INSUBSTANTIAL, ETHEREAL

1. of such fine texture as to be transparent or translucent 2. characterized by delicacy of form 3. vague or insubstantial

diaphanous ↔ opaque, substantial, substantive, opaque, murky, impermeable/impervious of light substantial 현실의; 견고한, 튼튼한; 상당한; 본질적인, 중요한 impervious 불침투성의; 영향을 받지 않느

diatribe [dáiətràib] n. 혹평 diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery burlesque 풍자문, 희작, 광 극

lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse discourse 회화, 담화; 논설, 강연, 설교

declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse declamation 웅변술; 극적 효과를 노린 연설/문장 grandiloquence 호언장담, 허풍 pompous or bombastic speech or

expression diatribe ↔ encomium, laudatory piece of writing

dicey [dɑ isi] a. 위험한, 모험적인, 죽기 아니면 살기의 dicey ↔ lacking danger

didactic [daidǽktik] a. 교훈적인; 가르치기 좋아하는 1. intended to instruct 2. morally instructive 3. inclined to teach or moralize excessively

didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge (가르치려는 inclined to teach : 가르치다 teach :: 설득하려는 intended to urge : 설득하다 urge)

didactic : teach :: comic : amuse (가르치려는 inclined to teach : 가르치다 teach :: 남을 웃기기 위한 comic : 남을 즐겁게 하다 amuse)

die [dai] n. 금형, 틀 die : shaping :: drill : boring :: reel : winding

diehard [dáihɑ ːrd] n. 끝까지 버티는 놈; 보수주의자 : one who strongly resist change a. stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly

hopeless or outdated cause palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B) palter 적당히 얼버무리다 budge 조금 움직이다; (의견을) 바꾸다 to move or stir slightly; to

alter a position or attitude diehard : budge :: vagary : predict (A한 사람은 B하기 힘들다)

diffident [dífidənt] a. 자신 없는, 소심한; 삼가는, 조심성 있는 1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and

timid 2. reserved in manner

diffident ↔ brassy, brazen, nervy, bold, expansive

diffuse [difjúːz] v. 흩뜨리다, 확산시키다; (학문 등을) 보급시키다, 퍼뜨리다 a. 널리 퍼진, 흩어진, 산만한, 말수가 많은

v. 1. to pour out and cause to spread freely 2. to spread about or scatter; disseminate 3. to make less brilliant; soften a. 1. widely spread or scattered; not concentrated

2. characterized by verbosity; wordy * diffusion n. 방산, 발산, 보급, 유포; 산만함; 확산

euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse diffuse ↔ concentrate diffuse ↔ condensed, pithy, succinct diffusion, dispersion ↔ denseness, condensation

digit [dídʒit] n. 손(발)가락, 아라비아 숫자 1. a. a human finger or toe. b. A corresponding part in other

vertebrates 2. a. one of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9. b.

Such a symbol used in a system of numeration 예; The thumb is the most powerful ∼ of all. 엄지가 손가락 중

에서 가장 강하다. fang : tooth :: finger : digit (A는 B의 일종) fang (육식 동물의) 어금니, 송곳니

dignity [dígnəti] n. 존엄, 위풍당당 1. the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect 2. inherent nobility and worth 3. a. poise and self-respect b. stateliness and formality in

manner and appearance 4. the respect and honor associated with an important

position 5. a high office or rank

digress [daigrés, di-] v. 벗어나다 : to turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or

speaking; stray digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant excursive 빗나가는, 탈선하는; 산만한 reiterate 되풀이하다; 장황하고 지루하게 반복하다 to say or do again

or repeatedly digress : topic :: stray : group :: detour : route :: detour : path digressive : topic, subject :: random : pattern :: aberrant : standard :: circuitous : route stray (길에서) 벗어나다, (일행을) 놓치다; 방황하다

digress : topic :: veer : direction aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excerpt [éksə:rpt] 발췌, 초록

dike [daik] n. 제방, 둑길, 도랑 v. 도랑을 파서 배수하다, 제방을 쌓다 dike : water :: fence : livestock (B는 A가 막는 상)

dilapidate [dilǽpədèit] v. 황폐케 되다; 망가뜨리다 : to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair

dilapidated ↔ restored, still in use

dilate [dailéit, di-] v.t. 팽창시키다 : DISTEND, WIDEN : to make wider or larger; cause to expand

dilate : circumference :: protract : length dilate ↔ contract, narrow

dilatory [dílətɔ ːri / -təri] a. 꾸물거리는 : TARDY : intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay

laggard : dilatory :: rascal : mischievous (A는 B한 성격을 지님) rascal 악당, 장난꾸러기, 악동 a.비열한, 몰염치한 dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain procrastinate 미루다; 꾸물 다 malcontent 불만이 있는, 비판적인 dissatisfied with existing conditions

alacrity ↔ dilatoriness, hesitance precipitate ↔ retard, dilatory dilatory ↔ alacritous

dilettante [dìlətɑ ːnt, -tǽnti] n. 아마추어 평론가; 호사가 : DABBLER

1. a dabbler in an art or a field of knowledge 2. a lover of the fine arts; a connoisseur

dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A lack B) nonentity 보잘것없는 사람/것; 상상의 것

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dilettante : superficiality :: partisan : bias :: martinet : rigidity (CHARACTER)

dilettante ↔ expertly, accomplished

diligent [dílədʒənt] a. 근면한 : PAINSTAKING diligent : effort :: deception : deceptive :: malign, malicious : ill-will (형 : 명) malign adj.나쁜 영향을 주는, 악의있는

procrastination ↔ diligence procrastinate 미루다, 질질 끌다; 꾸물 다

dilute [dilúːt, dai-] v. 희석시키다 1. to make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid

such as water 2. to lessen the force, strength, purity, or brilliance of;

especially by admixture slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength, concentration :: shorten : height :: rarify : density taut 팽팽한; (신경 등이) 긴장한, 곤두선(tense); 엄격한

dilute ↔ concentrate

dimension [dimén∫ən] n. 치수; 크기, 부피, 용적, 체적 congruent : dimension :: coeval : age measure : dimensions : calibrate : diameter :: gauge : pressure :: plumb : depth

diminish [dimíni∫] v. 줄이다, 적게 하다; 손상하다, 떨어뜨리다 1. a. to make smaller or less or to cause to appear so b. to

detract from the authority, reputation, or prestige of 2. to cause to taper

diminish ↔ increase, escalate, estend

din [din] n. 소음 v. 소리가 크게 울려퍼지다, 떠들어 다 : a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds

stench : nose :: din : ear stench 고약한 냄새, 악취 a strong, foul odor; a stink

din ↔ hush, silence, stillness, quietness hush 조용해지다, 조용히 하다, 조용함

dingus [díŋgəs] n. 거시기 : DOODAD : an article whose name is unknown or forgotten

doodad [dúdæd] an unnamed or nameless gadget or trinket trinket 작은 장신구; 시시한 것 a small ornament, such as a piece of

jewelry; a trivial thing

dingy [díndʒi] a. 칙칙한, 초라한 : DIRTY, DISCOLORED 1. darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored 2. shabby, drab, or squalid

dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere glisten 반짝이다, 빛나다 to shine by reflection with a sparkling

luster

diocesan [daiɑ səsən / daiɔ s-] a. 교구의, (편협한) *diocese [dáiəsis] n. 주교 관구 : the district or

churches under the jurisdiction of a bishop; a bishopric diocesan ↔ ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인; 전기독교(회)의

diplomatic adj. 외교의; 수완이 좋은 : using or marked by tact and sensitivity in dealing with

others diplomatic : tact :: genial : bonhomie bonhomie 친절; 상냥한 태도, 온화한 얼굴

diplomat : tact :: inventor : ingenuity

dire [daiər] a. 무시무시한, 끔찍한; 절박한, 긴급한 : DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE

1. warning of or having dreadful or terrible consequences; calamitous

2. urgent; desperate dire ↔ pleasant, fortunate, propitious, favorable

director [diréktər, dai-] n. 지도자; 중역, 이사; 감독 director : actor :: conductor : instrumentalist

dirge [dəːrdʒ] n. 장송곡; 비가(悲歌) 1. (music) a. a funeral hymn or lament b. a slow, mournful

musical composition 2. a mournful or elegiac poem or other literary work

dirge : music :: elegy : poetry dirge : grief :: paean : praise :: madrigal : love dirge : solemn :: polemic : contentious

disabuse [dìsəbjúːz] v. (미혹, 오해를) 풀어주다, (그릇된 생각

을)바로잡아 주다 : to free from a falsehood or misconception

loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception, fallacy, miscomprehension :: cure : disease :: rehabilitate : addiction :: vindicate : blame

mislead, lead into error ↔ disabuse

disaffected [dìsəféktid] a. 불만을 품은 : REBELLIOUS : resentful and rebellious, especially against authority * disaffect 정떨어지게 하다, 호의를 잃게 하다 to cause to lose

affection or loyalty disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment :: anxious : serenity conviction 유죄 판결; 죄를 뉘우침, 회오; 확신, 신념

officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel officious 참견을 잘하는; 주제넘게 나서는 meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다; 만지작거리다, 가지고 장난하

다 disaffect ↔ win over, mollify, content, convince, comfort, conciliate disaffected ↔ contented, beloved, satisfied, tractable, pleased, agreeing

disaffection ↔ contentment

disaggregate [disǽgrigèit] v.t. 분해하다 : to divide into constituent parts

disaggregate ↔ join together coalesce ↔ disaggregate coalesce 합체하다, 융합하다, 연합하다

disagreeable [dìsəgríːəbəl] a. 마음에 들지 않는; 불쾌한 : UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVE

1. not to one's liking; unpleasant or offensive 2. having a quarrelsome, bad-tempered manner

disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal (A << B) lethal [lí:θəl] 치명적인, 죽음을 초래하는

disambiguate [dìsæmbígjuèit] v. 명확히 하다 : to establish a single grammatical or semantic interpretation

for disambiguate ↔ speak equivocally

disarm [disɑ ːrm, diz-] vi. 무기를 빼앗다; 적개심을 없애다, 누그러뜨리다 1. a. to divest of a weapon or weapons b. to deprive of the

means of attack or defense; render harmless 2. a. to overcome or allay the suspicion, hostility, or

antagonism of b. to win the confidence of bait ↔ disarm, put on guard bait 유혹하다, 꾀다; 공격하다 to attack especially with persistent

insults, criticism, or ridicule

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disarm ↔ antagonize, discourage, dissuade, turn off, arm, fortify, strenghthen, rehabilitate

disarming ↔ obnoxious disarming 상대방의 적개심을 없애는, 애교 있는 obnoxious 아주 싫은, 역겨운, 아니꼬운

disarray v. 어지르다, 혼란시키다; 옷을 벗기다 1. to throw into confusion; upset 2. to undress

shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness (OPPOSITE) shipshape 정연한, 말쑥한, 다듬은

disavow [dìsəváu] v.t. 부인하다 : REPUDIATE : to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association

with disavow ↔ affirm, aver disavowal ↔ admission, acknowledgement, approval

discard [diskɑ ːrd] v.t. 버리다, 해고하다 : to throw away; reject

retain ↔ discard

discerning [disə ːrniŋ, -zə ːrniŋ] a. 통찰력 있는 : DISCRIMINATING

: exhibiting keen insight and good judgment; perceptive discern : acute :: believe : gullible (A << B) insight : discerning :: caprice : whimsical perspicacious : discerning :: ravishing : attractive perspicacious 통찰력 있는, 명민한 ravish 황홀하게 하다, 몹시 기쁘게 하다

myopic ↔ discerning myopic 근시의; 근시안적인, 통찰력이 없는

discernment ↔ lack of insight, not to distinguish discernable ↔ imperceptive, unperceptive, ambiguous

discharge [distʃɑ ːrdʒ] v.t. (배에서) 짐을 부리다, (총알 등을) 발사하다, 면제하다, 해고하다

discharge ↔ hire

disciple [disɑ ip:əl] n. 제자, 신봉자; 예수 12사도의 한 사람 1. one who embraces and assists in spreading the teaching

of another 2. an active adherent, as of a movement or philosophy

disciple : follow :: apologist : defend

disclaim [diskléim] v. 거부하다, 부인하다 1. to deny or renounce any claim to or connection with;

disown 2. to deny the validity of; repudiate * disclaimer n. 부인(행위), 거부(행위), 의견 보류, 기권자, 부

인하는 사람 A repudiation or denial of responsibility or connection./ A renunciation of one's right or claim.

conversation : exchange :: disclaimer : denial (EQUAL)

discography [diskɑ grəfi / -kɔ g-] n. 음반 목록 list : discography :: tool : hoe (A ∋ B) hoe [hou] 괭이

discombobulate [dìskəmbɑ bjəlèit / -bɔ b-] v. (계획 등을) 뒤틀

리게 하다, 실패하게 하다; 혼란시키다 to throw into a state of confusion

discombobulated : order :: erratic : consistency discombobulate ↔ make clear, clarify, explain, settle discombobulate ↔ compose

discomfit [diskʌ mfit] v. 당황하게 하다, 좌절시키다 : DISCONCERT, THWART

1. to make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert 예; He was ∼ed at being seen by someone. 누군가의 눈에 띄

었으므로 당황했다.

2. to thwart the plans of; frustrate discomfited : blush :: contemptuous : sneer (형 : 동) contemptuous 경멸적인, 모욕적인, 업신여기는 manifesting or feeling

contempt; scornful discomfit ↔ mollify

discommode [dìskəmóud] v. 불편하게 하다, 난처하게 하다, ~에

게 폐를 끼치다 : TROUBLE, DISOBLIGE : to cause inconvenience to; trouble

discommode ↔ aid, assist, help, ease, oblige, inspire, pacify, soothe, please oblige 은혜를 베풀다, 의무를 지우다, 강제하다

discommodity ↔ convenience

discompose [dìskəmpóuz] v.t. 불안하게 하다, 혼란시키다, 뒤숭숭

하게 하다 1. to disturb the composure or calm of 2. to put into a state of disorder

discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious, odious (A = B가 없음) odious 혐오할, 미운, 불쾌한 arousing or meriting strong dislike,

aversion, or intense displeasure engage 끌어들이다, 관련시키다; 약혼하다; 몰두하다

discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous (OPPOSITE) ingenuous 솔직한; 순진한

discompose ↔ pacificate

disconcert [dìskənsə :rt] v. 당황하게 하다; 좌절시키다 1. to upset the self-possession of; ruffle 2. to frustrate (plans, for example) by throwing into disorder,

disarrange disconcert ↔ placate

disconsolate [diskɑ nsəlit / -kɔ n-] adj. 쓸쓸한 : Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected

disconsolate ↔ joyous

discontent [dìskəntént] n. 불평, 불만; 불평분자 1. a. absence of contentment; dissatisfaction b. a restless

longing for better circumstances 2. one who is discontented

discontent ↔ conciliate

discord [dískɔːrd] n. 불일치, 불협화음 v. (~과) 일치하지 않다, 화합하지 않다

1. a. lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things b. tension or strife resulting from a lack of

agreement; dissension 2. a confused or harsh sound or mingling of sounds * discordant n.

separation : together :: discord : harmonious discord : sound :: anachronistic : time discord : accede :: (OPPOSITE) accede 동의(찬성)하다 harmony ↔ discord discordant ↔ harmonious, euphonious, dulcet, corresponding

discourse [dískɔːrs, --] n. 담화 1. verbal expression in speech or writing 2. verbal exchange; conversation 3. a formal, lengthy discussion of a subject, either written or

spoken lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse (A ∈ B)

discredit [diskrédit] v. 신용을 손상하다, 평판을 떨어뜨리다; 의심하다 n. 불신, 불명예 1. to damage in reputation; disgrace 2. to cause to be doubted or distrusted 3. to refuse to believe

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invective : discredit :: exhortation : motivate invective 독설, 욕설; 저주, 악담 exhortation 권고, 권장; 충고의 말, 추천사

discredit : reputation :: injure : well-being discredited : honor ::

discreet [diskrí:t] n. 지각/분별 있는, 신중한, 조심스러운 1. marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise

self-restraint in speech and behavior; circumspect 2. free from ostentation or pretension; modest

discreet ↔ reckless, tactless, thoughtless, artless, naïve, uncalculating, imprudent

discrepancy [diskrépənsi] n. 모순, 불일치 1. divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims;

difference 2. an instance of divergence or disagreement

discrepancy ↔ convergence, concord, consonance, agreement, regularity

discrepant ↔ consonant

discrete [diskrí:t] adj. 따로따로 떨어진, 분리된, 별개의, 뚜렷이 구별되는; 불연속의, 연관이 없는 1. constituting a separate thing; distinct 2. consisting of unconnected distinct parts

discrete : overlap :: infinite : exhaust (A = B하지 않는) discrete ↔ continuous

discretion [diskréʃən] n. 분별, 신중 1. the quality of being discreet; circumspection 2. ability or power to decide responsibly 3. freedom to act or judge on one's own

discretion : prudence :: piousness : devotion (EQUAL) pious 독실한, 경건한(religious, devout); 종교적인; 훌륭한

brash : discretion :: frivolous : gravity frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운

foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money impecunious 무일푼의, 백수건달의 lacking money; penniless

overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention (A = B를 무시) judiciousness ↔ indiscretion judicious 판단력 있는, 영리한, 신중한 having or exhibiting sound

judgment; prudent

discretionary [diskréʃənèri / -əri] a. 임의의, 자유재량의 1. left or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment 2. available for use as needed or desired

discretionary ↔ obligatory, mandatory, preordained, required, rigid preordain [prì:ɔ:rdéin] 예정하다, 운명을 미리 정하다

discriminate [diskrímənèit] v. 식별하다; 차별하다 1. a. to make a clear distinction; distinguish b. to make

sensible decisions; judge wisely 2. to make distinctions on the basis of class or category

without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching epicure 세련된 감각의 소유자, 미식가; 쾌락주의자

liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentinel [séntənəl] 감시인, 보초

equitable ↔ discriminatory, unfair equitable marked by or having equity; just and impartial

discursive [diskə ːrsiv] a. 산만한, 두서없는 : RAMBLING 1. covering a wide field of subjects; rambling 2. proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than

intuition discursive ↔ keen on title, succinct, concentrated

disdain [disdéin] n. 경멸 : SCORN

1. to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise 2. to consider or reject as beneath oneself

contemptible : disdain :: hilarious : laugh snub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyalty snub 경멸하다, 하찮게 여기다; 중지시키다, 좌절시키다 double-cross 배반하다 to betray by acting in contradiction to a prior

agreement adulation, treat favorably ↔ disdain adulation 아첨 excessive flattery or admiration

disembark [dìsembɑ ːrk] v. 하선하다, 상륙하다; 비행기에서 내리

다 = debark 1. to go ashore from a ship 2. to leave a vehicle or aircraft

debark, disembark : ship :: dismount : horse debark : ship :: unload : truck

disembarrass [dìsembǽrəs|-im-] v. (걱정 등에서) 해방하다, 면하게 하다; 안심시키다; (복잡한 일을) 풀다

to free from something bothersome or encumbering; relive disembarrass : impediment :: emancipate : servitude (어려움을) 풀다 : 장애, 어려움 :: (shirk : duty는 오답) disembarrassment ↔ engagement disembarrassment ↔ impediment impediment 방해, 장애(물)

disembody [dìsimbɑ di] (영혼 등을) 육체에서 분리(이탈)시키다 1. to free (the soul or spirit) from the body 2. to divest of material existence or substance

disembodied ↔ corporeal

disengage [dìsengéidʒ] v.t. 해방시키다 1. to release from something that holds fast, connects, or

entangles 2. to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or

obligation disengage ↔ mesh mesh 덫으로 잡다, 올가미로 씌우다; 얽히게 하다

disentangle [dìsintǽŋgl] v. 얽힘을 풀다; 해방되다 1. to extricate from entanglement or involvement; free 2. to clear up or resolve (a plot, for example)

disentangle ↔ snarl

disgorge [disgɔ ːrdʒ] v. 토해내다; 세차게 배출하다 : VOMIT 1. to bring up and expel from the throat or stomach; vomit 2. to discharge violently; spew 3. to surrender (stolen gods or money, for example)

unwillingly disgorge ↔ ingest, swallow

disgruntle [disgrʌ ntl] v.t. 불만을 품게 하다, 언짢게 하다 : to make ill-humored or discontented

disgruntle ↔ refresh disgruntled ↔ contented, rapturous rapturous filled with great joy or rapture; ecstatic

disguise [disgáiz] vi. 변장하다, 가장하다 n. 변장, 위장 1. a. to modify the manner or appearance of in order to

prevent recognition b. to furnish with a disguise 2. to conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show;

misrepresent padding : damage :: disguise : recognition disguise : alter :: cloak : warm (명 : 동) disguise : identification :: camouflage : detection disguise : identity :: (B는 A의 대상) disguise ↔ revelation, uncover, verify, indicate, undress

disgust [disgʌ st] n. v. 역겨워 하다 : REPUGNANCE

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1. to excite nausea or loathing in; sicken 2. to offend the taste or moral sense of; repel

blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A한 것은 B하게 한다) blatant 뻔뻔스러운, 뻔한 odious 혐오할, 불쾌한, 싫은 arousing strong dislike, aversion, or

intense displeasure odious : disgust :: menacing : fear scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl [skaul] 얼굴을 찡그리다 hurl 세게 던지다, 내던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다 to utter

vehemently entrancing ↔ disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore entrancing 넋을 잃게 하는, 매혹적인

dishevel [diʃévl] v.t. 난잡하게 하다, 헝클어놓다 1. a. to loosen and let fall (hair or clothing) in disarray b. to

disarrange the hair or clothing of 2. to throw into disorder

disillusion [dìsilú:¥ən] n. 각성, v. 환상을 버리게 하다, 미몽을 깨우

치다 동. to free or deprive of illusion 명. 1. the act of disenchanting 2. the condition or fact of being disenchanted * illusion : the condition of being deceived by a false

perception or belief disenchant : to free from illusion or false belief; undeceive

disillusion : belief :: disenfranchise : right (A는 B를 빼앗는 것)

disimpassioned [dìsimpǽ∫ənd] adj. 냉정한, 침착한 disimpassioned ↔ responsive disimpassion ↔ embarrassment

disinclination [dìsinklinéiʃən, -- -- -] n. 싫증, 마음이 내키지 않음 : a lack of inclination; a mild aversion or reluctance * disinclined adj. ~하고 싶지 않은, ~할 마음이 내키지 않는

aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (A >> B) aversion : inclination :: (OPPOSITE) leaning, proclivity, bent ↔ disinclination loquacity ↔ disinclination to speak disinclined ↔ disposed

disinfect [dìsinfékt] v.t. 소독하다, 살균하다 oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect aseptic : disinfection :: anesthetic : numbness disinfect : germ :: herbicide : weed (대상을 없애다) disinfect ↔ contaminate

disinter [dìsintə :r] v. 파내다, 발굴하다; 드러내다 1. to dig up or remove from a grave or tomb; exhume 2. to bring to public notice; disclose

exhume 파내다, 발굴하다; 부활시키다, 햇빛을 보게 하다 disinter ↔ bury

disinterested [disíntəristid, -rèst-] a. 사심 없는, 공평한 : UNBIASED

1. free of bias and self-interest; impartial 2. a. not interested; indifferent b. having lost interest ~에

관심 없는, 냉담한 disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity venal 매수되기 쉬운, 돈을 목적으로 한; 부패한, 타락한

inequity ↔ disinterestedness inequity 불공정, 편견 injustice; unfairness

disinterested ↔ factional

disjointed [disdʒɔ intid] adj. 따로따로 해체된, 떨어진; 혼란한, 종잡을 수 없는 1. separated at the joints 2. out of joint; dislocated 3. lacking order or coherence

disjointed : coherence :: banal : originality amorphous : structure :: disjointed : coherence (A에는 B가 없다) disjointed ↔ orderly, consistent

disjunctive [disdʒʌ ŋktiv] a. 분리하는 : serving to separate or divide

nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nominal 명목상의, 명색뿐인

disjunctive ↔ continuous

dislodge [dislɑ dʒ / -lɔ dʒ] 몰아내다 : to remove or force out from a position or dwelling

previously occupied ensconce ↔ dislodge ensconce [inskáns] 감추다, 숨겨두다; (몸을) 안정시키다, 편안히 앉

히다

dismantle [dismǽntl] v.t. 분해하다, (설비 등을) 제거하다 1. a. to take apart; disassemble; tear down b. to put an end

to in a gradual systematic way 2. to strip of furnishings or equipment 3. to strip of covering or clothing

dismantle : wholeness :: dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine

dismay [disméi] v. 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 움츠리게 하다, 불안하게 하다 1. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or

apprehension 2. to cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion 3. to upset or alarm

dismay ↔ hearten

dismiss [dismís] v.t. 해산하다, 해고하다, 기각하다 1. to end the employment or service of; discharge 2. to direct or allow to leave 3. a. to stop considering; rid one's mind of; dispel b. to refuse

to accept or recognize; reject 4. (law) to put (a claim or action) out of court without further

hearing dismiss ↔ sanction

disparage [dispǽridʒ] v. 헐뜯다, 비난하다; 깔보다, 경시하다 : DECRY

1. to speak of in a slighting way; belittle 2. to reduce in esteem or rank

epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead epithet (사람, 물건 등을 단적으로 나타내는) 형용어구; (경멸적인)

별명 disparaging : contempt :: estimable : admire disparage : lionize :: (OPPOSITE) disparage ↔ approve, aggrandize, champion, extol, revere, lionize, applaud, adulate

disparagement ↔ champion, kudos kudos [kjú:das] 영광, 명성, 칭찬

disparate [díspərit, dispǽr-] a. 본질적으로 다른 : fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely

dissimilar disparate ↔ similar, analogous, like, alike, homogeneous, analogous

dispassionate [dispǽʃənit] a. 공평한, 감정에 좌우되지 않는 : devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias

dispassionate ↔ partial, biased, prejudiced, fervent, partisan, intemperate

dispassionate ↔ responsive

dispatch [dispǽtʃ] n. 신속함 v. 급파하다; 급히 해치우다 1. to relegate to a specific destination or send on specific

business 2. a. to complete, transact, or dispose of promptly b. to eat

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up (food); finish off (a dish or meal) 3. to put to death summarily

relegate 지위를 떨어뜨리다; (종류, 등급 등에) 속하게 하다, 분류

하다; 추방하다 dispatch ↔ leisureliness

displace [displeis] 강제 퇴거시키다, 추방하다, 직책에서 끌어내리다, 해임하다

1. To move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland: millions of refugees who were displaced by the war.

2. To take the place of; supplant. 3. To discharge from an office or position.

displace : position :: coarsen : texture (직책에서 끌어내리다 : 계급, 지위)

disposal [dispóuzəl] n. 배치, 배열; 처분, 양도, 매각 recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (OPPOSITE) rehabilitate 사회로 복귀시키다, 건강을 회복시키다, 복직/복권시키

다 disposed ↔ disinclined

disposed [dispóuzd] adj. 하고 싶어하는 : To put into a willing or receptive frame of mind; incline.

disposed ↔ disinclined

dispute [dispjú:t] v. 1. to argue about; debate 2. to question the truth or validity of; doubt 3. to strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for 4. to strive against; resist

dispute ↔ accept disputable ↔ incontrovertible

disquiet [diskwáiət] v. 평정을 잃게 하다 : DISTURB, ALARM : to deprive of peace or rest; trouble

disquiet ↔ put at ease

disregard [dìsrigɑ :rd] v. 주의하지 않다, 무시하다; 소홀히 하다, 경시하다

1. to pay no attention or heed to; ignore 2. to treat without proper respect or attentiveness

flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) flout 경멸하다, 비웃다, 멸시하다 taunt 비웃다, 악담을 퍼붓다

disregard ↔ nurture

disrupt [disrʌ pt] v.t. 붕괴시키다 1. to throw into confusion or disorder 2. to interrupt or impede the progress, movement, or

procedure of 3. to break or burst; rupture

saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend saboteur 파괴/방해 행위를 하는 사람 apologist 변명하는 사람, 변호하는 사람

dissect [disékt, dai-] v. 해부하다; 분석하다, 세 히 조사하다 1. to cut apart or separate (tissue), especially for

anatomical study 2. to examine, analyze, or criticize in minute detail

specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specimen 견본, 실례; 표본, 시험품

dissemble [disémbəl] v. 가장하다, 숨기다 : SIMULATE 1. to disguise or conceal behind a false appearance 2. to make a false show of; feign

dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness snub 핀잔을 주다 to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight

dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling masquerade 가장 무도회; 겉치레; 핑계

dissemblance : deception :: ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는 raffish 천한, 저급의; 평판이 나쁜, 방탕한 preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다(trim); 자랑하다, 우쭐 다

dissembler : forthright :: sadist : benignant dissemble ↔ behave honestly dissembling ↔ candid

disseminate [disémənèit] v.t. 흩뿌리다, 살포하다; (학설 등을) 보급하다, 퍼뜨리다

1. to scatter widely, as in sowing seed 2. to spread abroad; promulgate

promulgate 반포, 공포하다; 널리 퍼뜨리다 disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment disseminate ↔ garner, nucleate garner 저장하다, 축적하다, 모으다 nucleate 핵으로 하다; 핵의 역할을 하다

dissension [disénʃən] n. 의견 불일치, 불화, 분쟁 : difference of opinion; disagreement

concord ↔ dissension

dissent [disént] v. 의견을 달리하다 1. to differ in opinion or feeling 2. to withhold assent or approval

dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissent ↔ conform, consent, accede, acquiesce, agree, subscribe, assent, concur

dissertation [dìsərtéiʃən] n. 논문, (특히) 박사 논문 : a lengthy, formal treatise, especially one written by a

candidate for the doctoral degree at a university; a thesis

dissimulate v. (감정 등을) 숨기다; ...인 체하다 : to disguise (one's intentions, for example) under a feigned

appearance

dissipate [dísəpèit] v. (소멸되도록) 흩뜨리다, 탕진하다 1. to drive away; disperse 2. to attenuate to or almost to the point of disappearing 3. a. to spend or expend intemperately or wastefully;

squander b. to use up, especially recklessly; exhaust 4. to cause to lose (energy, such as heat) irreversibly

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry 농업, 경작, 축산; 검약, 절약 procrastinate 미루다, 꾸물 다

dissipation : temperate :: fecundity : sterile (OPPOSITE) dissipate : stir :: dissipate ↔ accumulate, gather, amass, pile up

dissociate [disóuʃièit] v. 관계를 끊다, 분리하다 : to separate from association or union with another;

separate affiliation ↔ dissociation affiliation 입회, 가입; 합병, 제휴

dissolute [dísəlùːt] a. 방탕한, 무절제한 : lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or

vices libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag ludicrous 웃기는, 익살맞은; 바보 같은 buffoon 어릿광 , 익살꾼 wag (머리, 꼬리를) 흔들기; 익살꾼, 재치가 풍부한 사람

voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness voluble 유창한, 달변의 marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 부도덕한

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dissolute ↔ thrift

dissolve [dizɑ lv / -zɔ lv] v. 용해하다 clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve :: caustic : burn coagulant 응고제; 지혈제

dissolve : insoluble :: bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant consolidate, coagulate ↔ dissolve

dissonance [dísənəns] n. 불일치, 불협화음 1. a harsh, disagreeable combination of sounds; discord 2. lack of agreement, consistency, or harmony; conflict

dissonance ↔ concord

dissonant [dísənənt] (소리가) 조화되지 않는, 불협화음의; 상반되

는, 모순 되는 1. harsh and inharmonious in sound; discordant 2. being at variance; disagreeing 3. (music) constituting or producing a dissonance

dissuade [diswéid] v.t. 단념시키다 : to deter from a course of action or a purpose by

persuasion or exhortation ex.dissuaded my friend from pursuing such a rash scheme. remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure (명 : 동) remonstrance 항의, 항변; 충고, 간언, 타이름

resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control obstreperous 사납게 날뛰는, 다루기 힘든; 떠들썩한, 시끄러운

inexorable : dissuasion : indomitable : conquest inexorable 변경할 수 없는, 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한

dissuade ↔ abet, enhance, exhort

distain [dìstéin] v. 변색시키다, 더럽히다 distain ↔ treat favorably

distal [dístəl] adj. 먼 부위의, 말초/말단의 1. anatomically located far from a point of reference, such

as an origin or a point of attachment 2. situated farthest from the middle and front of the jaw, as

a tooth or tooth surface distal ↔ proximal proximal 근접한; 중심에 가까운

distemper [distémpər] n. 불쾌, 병 1. an infectious viral disease occurring in dogs,

characterized by loss of appetite, a catarrhal discharge from the eyes and nose, vomiting, fever, lethargy, partial paralysis caused by destruction of myelinated nerve tissue, and sometimes death. Also called canine distemper.

2. a similar viral disease of cats characterized by fever, vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration, and sometimes death. Also called feline distemper, panleukopenia.

distend [disténd] v. 확장시키다, 부풀게 하다 to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure

distend ↔ constrict, condense, deflate, contract distention ↔ compression

distill [distíl] v. 증류하다, 순화시키다 distill : pure :: liquefy : fluid distill : purity :: leaven : volume

distillation [dìstəléiʃən] n. 증류(법); 추출된 것, 증류물 distillate [dístəl`eit] n. 증류액 1. a liquid condensed from vapor in distillation 2. a purified form; an essence

distillate : purity :: synopsis : conciseness

distinction [distíŋkʃən] n. 구별, 명성 distinct a. 별개의, 독특한; 명료한, 뚜렷한 distinctive a. 뚜렷이 구별되는

nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B) nuance 뉘앙스, 미묘한 차이

nebulous ↔ distinct nebulous 성운의; 막연한, 불분명한; 불투명한, 혼탁한

repute ↔ lack of distinction repute 평가, 평판; 호평, 명성

distinct ↔ undifferentiated, undifferential

distinguished [distíŋgwiʃt] a. 뛰어난; 기품 있는, 고귀한 1. characterized by excellence or distinction; eminent 2. dignified in conduct or appearance

eminent ↔ undistinguished eminent 저명한, 탁월한; 우뚝 솟은, 돌출한

distort [distɔ ːrt] v.t. 왜곡하다 1. to twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts;

misshape 2. to give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent 3. to cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert

brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature

distract [distrǽkt] v.t. 산만하게 하다 1. to cause to turn away from the original focus of attention

or interest; divert 2. to pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용감한 resolutely courageous; fearless deter 단념시키다; 방해하다 to prevent or discourage from acting, as

by means of fear or doubt rapt 몰두해 있는, 넋을 잃은; 황홀해 있는

distract : concentration :: (A는 B를 ↓) rapt ↔ distracted

distraught [distrɔ ːt] a. 몹시 동요된, 미칠 지경인 1. deeply agitated, as from emotion conflict 2. mad; insane

troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious (A << B) covetous 탐내는, 갈망하는; 욕심 많은 rapacious 약탈하는, 착취하는; 탐욕스러운, 만족할 줄 모르는

distraught ↔ composed

ditch [ditʃ] n. 도랑 v. 도랑을 파다 n. (Wordnet 사전 2006) (자연적, 인공적인 것 모두 됨) 1. a long narrow excavation in the earth 2. any small natural waterway

ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern canyon A narrow chasm with steep cliff walls, cut into the earth by

running water; a gorge. burrow 굴; 은신처, 굴을 파다 cavern 큰 동굴

ditty [díti] n. 짤막한 노래 : a simple song

fable : tale :: ditty : song (A ∈ B) ditty : oratorio :: anecdote : novel

diurnal [daiə ːrnəl] a. 날마다의, 매일의; 주간의 1. relating to or occurring in a 24-hour period; daily 2. occurring or active during the daytime rather than at night 3. (botany) opening during daylight hours and closing at

night diurnal ↔ nocturnal, chiefly active at night

diverge [divə ːrdʒ, dai-] vi. 분기하다, 벗어나다; 의견을 달리하

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다; 탈선하다 1. to go or extend in different directions from a common

point; branch out 2. to differ, as in opinion or manner 3. to depart from a set course or norm; deviate * divergent adj.

ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent diverge : apart :: traverse : across :: involve : among traverse 가로지르다, 횡단하다; 왔다 갔다 하다

diverge ↔ come together divergent ↔ convergent confluence, unification ↔ divergence confluence (하천 등의) 합류; 집합, 모임; 군중

diversity [divə :rsəti] n. 상이, 다양(성) 1. a. the fact or quality of being diverse; difference b. a

point or respect in which things differ 2. variety or multiformity

diversity ↔ uniformity

divert [divə ːrt, dai-] v.t. 딴 데로 돌리다 : DEFLECT 1. to turn aside from a course or direction 2. to distract 3. to entertain by distracting the attention from worrisome

thoughts or cares; amuse divert : shunt :: retard : brake shunt 전환, 전철기(switch) cf. shun 피하다 to avoid deliberately

divest [divést] 1. to strip, as of clothes (옷 등을) 벗기다 2. a. to deprive, as of right or property; dispossess b. to free

of; rid 박탈하다, 빼앗다 divestiture ↔ acquisition divest ↔ endow

divulge [divʌ ldʒ, dai-] v.t. 폭로하다, 누설하다 : to make known (something private or secret)

divulge ↔ conceal, keep secret

docile [dɑ s:əl] adj. 고분고분한, 다루기 쉬운 1. ready and willing to be taught; teachable 2. yielding to supervision, direction, or management;

tractable docile ↔ tenacious docility ↔ tenacity, tenaciousness

doctrine [dɑ ktrin / dɔ k-] n. 교리, 주의 : DOGMA doctrine : heretical, heterodox :: course : errant heretical 이단의, 이설의, 이교도의 heterodox 이단의 ↔ orthodox 정통의

dodder [dɑ dər / dɔ d-] vi. 비틀거리다, 몸을 떨다 1. to shake or tremble, as from old age; totter 2. to progress in a feeble, unsteady manner

dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly cavort (말이) 뛰어다니다; 신나서 떠들고 다니다

dodge [dɑdʒ|d dʒ] v. 재빨리 몸을 피하다, 교묘히 몸을 피하다; 속이다, 발뺌하다

1. to avoid (a blow, for example) by moving or shifting quickly aside

2. to evade (an obligation, for example) by cunning, trickery, or deceit

dodge : blow :: escape : capture dodge ↔ confront, face, seek

doff [dɑf, dɔ(ː)f] v.t. 벗다 : to take off; remove

doff ↔ don

dogged [dɔ (ː)gid, dɑ g-] a. 완고한, 끈질긴 : stubbornly persevering; tenacious; marked by stubborn

determination dogged ↔ yielded, easily discouraged, reluctant, hesitating

doggerel [dɔ (ː)gərəl, dɑ g-] n. 광시, 운율이 엉망인 엉터리 시 : crudely or irregularly fashioned verse, often of a humorous

or burlesque nature doggerel : verse, poem :: burlesque : play :: sketch : drawing :: potboiler : article, novel burlesque 풍자문, 풍자적 희극, 광 극 potboiler A literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly

for profit.

doggo [dɔ (ː)gou, dɑ g-] ad. 숨어서 : in hiding

dogma [dɔ (ː)gmə, dɑ g-] n. 교리, 정설 1. (theology) a doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to

matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an authoritative manner by a church 2. an authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or

opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true 3. a principle or belief or a group of them

dogma : iconoclast :: convention : maverick (B break A) dogma ↔ heresy heresy 이론, 반론, 이단

doldrums [dóuldrəmz, dɑ l-, dɔ (ː)l-] n. 열 무풍지 ; 침체, 부진; 침울, 우울 1. a. a period of stagnation or slump b. a period of depression or unhappy listlessness 2. a. a region of the ocean near the equator, characterized by

calms, light winds, or squalls b. the weather conditions characteristic of these regions of

the ocean doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue (LACK) depravity 타락, 부패 moral corruption or degradation; a depraved act

or condition

doleful [dóulfəl] adj. 슬픔에 잠긴; 우울한 1. filled with or expressing grief; mournful 2. causing grief

doleful ↔ joyful

dolorous [dɑ lərəs, dóulə- / dɔ lə-] a. 비통한, 슬픈 : marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain

dolorous ↔ jubilant, jovial, happy

dolt [doult] n. 얼뜨기 wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid (CHARACTER)

domicile [dɑ misail, -səl, dóum-|dɔ m-] n. 거주지, 집; 주소 : 1. a residence; a home 2. one's legal residence

nomad : domicile :: freelance : employer nomad 유목민; 방랑자

domination [dɑ mənéiʃən / dɔ m-] n. 지배 a. mastery or supremacy over another or others b. the exercise of such mastery or supremacy

supremacy 지고, 최고; 주권, 패권; 우위, 우월 gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery 속임수; 발뺌 deception by trickery or sophistry; a

subterfuge impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE) impervious 통과시키지 않는; 영향을 받지 않는; 견디는

inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest inexorable 변경할 수 없는, 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한

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dominant ↔ recessive recessive 후퇴하는, 역행/퇴행성의; 열성의

domineering [dɑ məníəriŋ / dɔ məníər-] a. 오만한, 횡포한, 폭군적인 : tending to domineer; overbearing

contemptuous, imperious, domineering ↔ deferential

don [dɑn / dɔn] 입다, 쓰다, 신다 1. to put on (clothing) 2. to assume or take on

doff ↔ don

donor [dóunər] n. 기증자 legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor predecessor 전임자, 선배; 조상

doodle [dúːdl] v. 무의미한 낙서를 끼적거리다; 빈둥거리다 1. to scribble aimlessly, especially when preoccupied 2. to kill time

draw : doodle :: travel : ramble :: walk : amble amble (말이) 측 보로 걷다; 천천히/한가롭게 걷다(stroll) to walk

slowly or leisurely; stroll

dormant [dɔ :rmənt] adj. 잠자는, 활발치 못한; 실행되지 않은, 놀고 있는

1. lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive 2. latent but capable of being activated 3. temporarily quiescent 4. in a condition of biological rest or inactivity

characterized by cessation of growth or development and the suspension of many metabolic processes

dormant : inactivity :: malleable : plasticity dormant ↔ active, dynamic, attentive, conscious, energetic, vigorous dormancy ↔ activity

dose [dous] n. 1회 복용량 v. 복용시키다 (medicine) 1. a specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as a

drug or medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated intervals

2. the amount of radiation administered as therapy to a given site

dose : medicine :: ration : food dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment

dote [dout] 맹목적으로 사랑하다 : to show excessive love or fondness

upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid [ʌpbréid] 나무라다; 비난하다 to reprove sharply; reproach

dour [duər, dauər] a. 엄한 STERN; 기분이 언짢은, 뚱한 1. marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding 2. silently ill-humored; gloomy 3. sternly obstinate; unyielding 예; a dour look 뚱한 얼굴

dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness genial 다정한, 상냥한; 온난한, 쾌적한 bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive; pushy

dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble dour ↔ congenial, genial, jocund

dove [dʌv] n. 비둘기; 순결, 애정, 평화; 순진한 사람, 평화주의자 1. a gentle, innocent person 2. a person who advocates peace, conciliation, or

negotiation in preference to confrontation or armed conflict

dove ↔ warmonger, jingoist

downpour [daunpɔ ːr] n. 억수 같은 비 : a heavy fall of rain

downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (A cause B) cf. weathering 풍화 (작용) any of the chemical or mechanical

processes by which rocks exposed to the weather undergo changes in character and break down

doyen [dɔ iən] n. 고참자, 가 : a man who is the eldest or senior member of a group

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated (OPPOSITE) uninitiated not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced

doze [douz] v. 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다 : to sleep lightly and intermittently

doze : sleep :: nudge : prod (A << B) nudge 팔꿈치로 살짝 찌르다, 가볍게 다 prod 쑤시다, 찔러 넣다; 격려하다, 자극하여 ∼시키다

drab [dræb] a. 충충한 갈색의; 단조로운, 재미없는; 생기 없는 1. (color) a. of a dull light brown b. of a light olive brown or

khaki color 2. faded and dull in appearance 3. dull or commonplace in character; dreary

drab : cheer :: simple : profundity (OPPOSITE)

draconian [dreikóuniən] a. 가혹한, 엄격한 : CRUEL, SEVERE : exceedingly harsh; very severe 예; draconian tax 엄한 조세

draconian : inclemency :: fretful : vexation inclement 혹독한, 사나운; 냉혹한 stormy; unmerciful fretful 안달하는, 성마른 vexation 신경질남, 짜증나게 하기

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity palmy 영광에 빛나는, 번영하는 prosperous; flourishing

draconian ↔ indulgent, mild, lenient, genial, lax indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐주는 = lenient lenient 관 한, 인정이 많은 inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful,

generous, or indulgent

draw [drɔː] v. (사람, 주의, 흥미 등을) 끌다 draw : penchant :: penchant 강한 기호, 경향; 취미, 기호 a definite liking; a strong

inclination

drawl [drɔːl] v. 느리게 말하다 : to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels

inch : move :: drawl : speak :: lope : run :: nibble : eat :: lessen : eliminate (A << B) inch; to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees lope (사람이) 성큼성큼 걷다; (말 등이) 천천히 달리다

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff 비웃음, 조롱, 조소 to mock at or treat with derision bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 재잘재잘 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter

drawl : slow :: deaden : impassive (CHARACTER)

dreary [dríəri] a. 음울한 : GLOOMY, DISMAL 1. dismal; bleak 2. boring; dull

jocund ↔ dreary jocund 유쾌한, 명랑한 sprightly and lighthearted in disposition,

character, or quality

dredge [dredʒ] n. 준설기 v. 준설하다 dredge ↔ fill in

drench [drent∫] v. 흠뻑 적시다, 잠그다(steep) 1. to wet through and through; soak 2. to administer a large oral dose of liquid medicine to (an

animal) 3. to provide with something in great abundance; surfeit

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drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic 조(법)의

drift [drift] n. 표류, 동향 v. 표류하다, 떠돌다 drift ↔ hold fast

drivel [drívəl] vi. 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보처럼 이야기하다 1. to allow to flow from the mouth 침을 질질 흘리다 2. to say (something) stupidly 바보처럼 이야기하다

nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel

drizzle [drízl] n. 이슬비 : to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops

deluge ↔ drizzle

droll [droul] a. 우스꽝스러운, n. a buffoon v. 까불다 : having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality : Amusingly odd or whimsically comical

grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grisly 무시무시한, 으스스한 inspiring repugnance flinch (아픔, 무서움으로) 주춤/움찔하다; 꽁무니 빼다

grouch : irritable :: wag : droll grouch : 토라진 사람, 투덜대는 사람, 투덜거림, 투덜거리다 droll ↔ grave, serious, somber, solemn

drone [droun] v. 단조로운 소리를 내다, 윙윙거리다; 단조롭게 이야기하다 n. 게으름쟁이, 무위도식자

1. to make a continuous low dull humming sound 2. to speak in a monotonous tone 3. to pass or act in a monotonous way

hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous :: stammer : halting (CHARACTER) sibilant 쉬 소리가 나는; 치찰음의

drone ↔ speak animatedly, excite,

droop [dru:p] v. 수그러지다; (초목이) 시들다; 의기소침하다 1. to bend or hang downward 2. to bend or sag gradually 3. to sag in dejection or exhaustion

sag 처지다, 내려얹다; 낙심하다, 기운이 없어지다

drop cloth [drapklɔθ] n. (페인트칠을 할 때 등의) 방울막이천 a sheet, as of cloth or plastic, for protection against spills or

dripping, used especially by painters drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing

droplet [drɑplit / drɔplit] n. 작은 물방울 : a tiny drop

droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

drove [drouv] n. 가축 떼; FLOCK drove : sheep ::

drudgery [drʌ dʒəri] n. 고역 : tedious, menial, or unpleasant work

drudgery ↔ rewarding work rewarding 가치가 있는, 보람이 있는; 보답이 있는

dryad [dráiəd, - æd] n. 나무/숲의 요정 : WOOD NYMPH

dubious [djúːbiəs] a. 의심스러운 1. fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided 2. arousing doubt; doubtful 3. of questionable character

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment (A는 B가 없는) disaffected (정부에) 불만을 품은, 반감이 많은; 싫증이 난 conviction 유죄 판결; 죄의 자각, 회오; 확신, 신념

dubious ↔ certain indubitable ↔ questionable

ductile [dʌ ktil] 늘릴 수 있는; 변형시킬 수 있는, 가소성의; 온순한 1. easily drawn into wire or hammered thin 2. easily molded or shaped 3. capable of being readily persuaded or influenced; tractable

ductility : malleable :: toxicity : poisonous ductile ↔ incompliant, unyielding, not bending

dulcet [dʌ lsit] a. 감미로운 MELODIOUS 1. pleasing to the ear; melodious 2. having a soothing, agreeable quality

cacophonous ↔ dulcet, euphonious dulcet : sweet :: raucous : harsh off-key ↔ dulcet off-key 음정이 틀린; 상태가 이상한, 어울리지 않는; 불규칙한

dull [dʌl] a. 둔한, 지루한 tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth tarnish 흐리게 하다, 바래게 하다; (명성을) 더럽히다, 손상시키다 vitrify 유리질로 바꾸다 to change or make into glass or a glassy

substance brilliance ↔ dullness resplendent, perspicuous ↔ dull resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신, 화려한 splendid or dazzling in

appearance; brilliant perspicuous 명쾌한, 명확한 clearly expressed or presented; easy to

understand trenchant ↔ vague, dull trenchant 날카로운, 신랄한; 강력한, 격렬한; 뚜렷한, 명확한

dullard [dʌ lərd] n. 얼간이 : a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt

dullard ↔ wit (사람)

duly [djú:li] adv. 정식으로, 정당하게, 적절히 duly ↔ improperly, inappropriately, unjustifiably

dune 모래 언덕(sand hill) sand : dune :: word : sentence

dupe [djuːp] n. 잘 속는 놈, 얼간이 : FOOL, v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다

1. an easily deceived person 2. a person who functions as the tool of another person or

power v. To deceive (an unwary person).

reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe idolater 우상 숭배자; (맹목적인) 심취자

callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL, v:n) 무감각(냉담)하게하다:무감각(냉담)::속이다:표리부동(속이는것) (v:n) impassive 무감동한, 냉담한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의 dupe v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다 n. 곧잘 속는 사람

perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist perspicacity 명민, 통찰력(penetration) acuteness of perception,

discernment, or understanding credulous : dupe :: insensitive : boor dupe : credulous :: libertine : dissolute

duplicity [dju(:)plíṣəti] n. 표리부동, 불성실 1. a. deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech b. an

instance of deliberate deceptiveness; double-dealing 2. the quality or state of being twofold or double

duplicity ↔ probity

durable adj. 내구력이 있는, 튼튼한 1. capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay 2. lasting; stable

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flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (OPPOSITE) weary 피곤한, 지친; 싫증난, 지긋지긋한

dwelling [dwéliŋ] n. 주거 : a place to live in

hut : dwelling :: raft : watercraft deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling deportation 국외 추방

potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling potable 음료로 적합한 habitable 살 수 있는, 살기에 알맞은 suitable to live in or on;

inhabitable

dwindle [dwíndl] v. 점점 작아지다, 줄어들다; 쇠퇴하다, 타락하다 : to become gradually less until little remains

dwindle : decrease :: crawl : proceed (A << B) dwindle ↔ increase

dynamo [dáinəmòu] n. 발전기; 정력적인 사람 : an extremely energetic and forceful person

dynamo : retard :: (OPPOSITE) dynamo ↔ laggard

dyspeptic [dispéptik] a. 소화불량인; 화를 잘 내는 1. relating to or having dyspepsia 2. of or displaying a morose disposition * dyspepsia [dispép∫ə|-siə] n. 소화 불량 : disturbed digestion; indigestion

genial ↔ dyspeptic

dyslexia [disléksiə] n. 독서 장애, 실독증(word blindness) a learning disorder marked by impairment of the ability to

recognize and comprehend written words dyslexia : read :: insomnia : sleep

E eaglet [íːglit] n. 독수리 새끼

: a young eagle eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal fawn 새끼 사슴; 비위를 맞추다, 알랑거리다, 아양을 떨다

earmark [íərmɑ ːrk] n. v. (가축에) 귀표를 하다; (돈, 물건 등을) 따로 두다

1. to reserve or set aside for a particular purpose; ALLOCATE

2. to place an identifying or distinctive mark on 3. to mark the ear of (a domestic animal) for identification

budget : earmark :: time : schedule earmark : funds :: schedule : time

earnest [ə ːrnist] a. 진지한 1. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness 2. of an important or weighty nature; grave

facetious ↔ earnest facetious [fəsí:ʃəs] 까부는, 경박한; 우스운 playfully jocular;

humorous

earplug [iərplʌ g] n. 귀마개 earplug : noise :: shield : impact

earshot [íərʃɑ t / - ʃɔ t] n. 청음 거리 : hearing distance : The range within which sound can be heard by the

unaided ear 예; listened until the parade was out of earshot.

earshot : hear :: ken : see ken 이해의 범위; 시야, 시계 perception, understanding; range of

vision

earsplitting [íərsplìtiŋ] a. 귀청이 찢어질 듯한 : loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears

earsplitting : loud :: heartrending : sad heartrending 가슴이 찢어지는 듯한, 비통한

earsplitting : voice ::

earthly [ə :rθli] adj. 지구의, 속세의 earthly ↔ spiritual

earthshaking [əːrθʃèikiŋ] a. 아주 중요한 : MOMENTOUS, CONSEQUENTIAL

: of great consequence or importance earthshaking ↔ trivial, inconsequential

easel [í:z:əl] n. 이젤 easel : canvas :: tripod : camera

eavesdrop [iːvzdrɑ p / iːvzdrɔ p] v. 도청하다, 엿듣다 : to listen secretly to the private conversation of others

hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow eavesdrop : listen :: collude : cooperate listener : eavesdropper :: observer : spy

ebullient [ibʌ ljənt] adj. 열광적인; 끓어 넘치는 1. zestfully enthusiastic 2. boiling or seeming to boil; bubbling * ebullience [ibúljəns, -bʌ l-] n. 넘치는 정열 :

EXUBERANCE : zestful enthusiasm

ebullience ↔ calm restraint, impassiveness, lifelessness, torpor, lethargy, lassitude

ebullient : exuberant :: ebullient ↔ torpid, tepid, lethargic torpid 둔한, 활발하지 못한; 무기력한 tepid 미지근한; 열의 없는 ebullient ↔ reticent, somber, impassive

eccentric [ikséntrik, ek-] n. 괴짜 a. 엉뚱한, 별난 형용사 1. departing from a recognized, conventional, or established

norm or pattern 2. deviating from a circular form or path, as in elliptical orbit 3. a. not situated at or in the geometric center b. having the

axis located elsewhere than at the geometric center 명사 : One that deviates markedly from an established norm,

especially a person of odd or unconventional behavior hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen 고참, 가, 일인자 uninitiated not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced

eccentric ↔ ordinary, orthodox(정통의, 인습적인conventional), regular(0705), commonplace(0611)

regularity ↔ eccentricity

echelon [éʃəlɑ n / -lɔ n] n. (함선, 비행기 등의) 편성, 제형; (지휘, 명령 등의) 계층, 단계

a level of responsibility or authority in a hierarchy; a rank echelon : hierarchy :: (A는 B의 한 단계)

eclat [eiklɑ ː, --] n. 성공; 갈채, 환호 1. great brilliance, as of performance or achievement 2. conspicuous success 3. great acclamation or applause

eclat ↔ fiasco

eclectic [ekléktik] a. 취사선택의; 절충파의 1. selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines,

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methods, or styles 2. made up of combining elements from a variety of sources

eclipse [iklíps] n. (천체) 식(蝕); 명예의 실추 v.t. 실추시키다, ~을 무색하게 하다

n. 1. a fall into obscurity or disuse; a decline 2. a disgraceful of humiliating end; a downfall v.t. 1. a. to cause an eclipse of b. to obscure; darken 2. a. to obscure or diminish in importance, fame, or

reputation b. to surpass; outshine: an outstanding performance that

eclipsed the previous record 예; Elizabethan playwrights were ∼d by the genius of

Shakespeare. 엘리자베스 왕조 시 의 극작가들은 셰익스피

어의 천재성으로 그 존재가 희미해졌다. eclipse : prestige :: enervation : vigor prestige 명성, 신망; 저명, 인기

eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor eclipse : prominence :: bankruptcy : solvency (A되면 B가 사라짐) eclipse ↔ make distinctive, make more prominent

ecstatic [ekstǽtik] a. 황홀경에 빠진; 기뻐 날뛰는 1. marked by or expressing ecstasy 2. being in a state of ecstasy; enraptured

pleasure : ecstasy :: surprise : astonishment (A << B) astonishment great surprise or amazement

ecstasy ↔ self-control pleased : ecstatic :: tired: exhausted (A<<B)

ecumenical [èkjuménikəl / ìːk-] a. 보편적인, 전반적인 1. of worldwide scope or applicability; universal 2. a. of or relating to the worldwide Christian church b. concerned with establishing or promoting unity among

churches or religions ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity diocesan, parochial ↔ ecumenical parochial [pəróukiəl] 교구의; 지방적인, 국지적인 diocesan [daiásisən] 교구의 of or relating to a diocese

ecumenical ↔ circumscribed, provincial, insular, factional, parochial ecumenism ↔ factionalism insular 섬의; 섬나라 근성의, 편협한

eddy [édi] n. 소용돌이, 회오리바람; 반주류 1. a current, as of water or air, moving contrary to the

direction of the main current, especially in a circular motion

2. a drift or tendency that is counter to or separate from a main current, as of opinion, tradition, or history

stream : eddy :: trend : anomaly anomaly 예외, 파격; 부조화, 모순

edible [édəb:əl] adj. 식용의; 매력적인 fit to be eaten edible : eat :: potable : drink :: palpable : touch

edifice [édəfis] n. 건축물 1. a building, especially one of imposing appearance or size 2. an elaborate conceptual structure

tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier rampart 성벽, 방벽; 방어물; 방어, 수비 barrier 목책, 방벽, 장애물; 가로막는 것

buttress : edifice :: splint : limb buttress 부벽; 지지자, 후원

blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course

edify v. 덕성을 함양하다, ~을 교화하다

edify ↔ leading astray homily : edifying ::

efface [iféis] v. 삭제하다, 갈아 없애다; 눈에 띄지 않게 하다, 자기

를 내세우지 않다, 표면에 나서지 않다 1. to rub or wipe out; erase 2. to make indistinct as if by rubbing 3. to conduct (oneself) inconspicuously * self-effacing a. 내세우지 않는, 겸손한 : not drawing

attention to oneself; modest * ineffaceable adj. 지울 수 없는, (인상 등이) 잊혀지지 않는

self-effacing ↔ self-aggrandizing effacing ↔ aggrandizing alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE) alliterate 두운을 맞추다, 두운법을 쓰다 blazon 자랑삼아 보이다, 과시하다

efface ↔ aggrandize, blazon, emboss efface ↔ bring to prominent/preeminent, institute prominent 돌출한; 눈에 띄는, 두드러진; 유명한, 탁월한

effacing ↔ aggrandizing ineffaceable ↔ erasable

effectual [iféktʃuəl] a. 효과적인, 알맞은, 적절한 : EFFECTIVE : producing or sufficient to produce a desired effect; fully

adequate effectual ↔ unproductive

effeminate adj. 여자 같은, 여성적인; 기력이 없는 1. having qualities or characteristics more often associated

with women than men 2. characterized by weakness and excessive refinement

effervesce [èfərvés] vi. 거품이 일다; 열광하다, 흥분하다, 활기를 띠다 1. to emit small bubbles of gas, as a carbonated or

fermenting liquid, to escape from a liquid as bubbles; bubble up

2. to show high spirits or excitement 형. effervescent(활기찬) 명. effervescence(=effervescency)

effervescence : feeling :: fury, furor : anger (A >> B) effervesce ↔ be flat, droop effervescent ↔ still, droopy, languid, weary droopy 축 처진(예;a dog with droopy ears 귀가 처진 개), 기운이 없

는, 의기소침한 languid 나른한, 맥없는; 흥미 없는, 의욕 없는

effervescence ↔ lassitude, torpor, languor lassitude 피곤, 나른함; 무관심

effete [efíːt] a. 활기 없는, 쇠약한 1. depleted of vitality, force, or effectiveness; exhausted 2. marked by self-indulgence, triviality, or decadence 3. overrefined; effeminate 4. no longer productive; infertile

effeminate 연약한 effete ↔ hale, sound, vigorous, fertile, strengthened hale 강건한, 정정한 free from infirmity or illness; sound

effluvium [eflúːviəm] n. 악취; 부산물(특히 폐물) 1. a usually invisible emanation or exhalation, as of vapor or

gas 2. a. a byproduct or residue; waste b. the odorous fumes

given off by waste or decaying matter 3. an impalpable emanation; an aura

effluvia ↔ desired products

effrontery [efrʌ ntəri] 뻔뻔스러움, 후안무치 : brazen boldness; presumptuousness

effrontery ↔ decorum, timidity

effulgent [efʌ ldʒənt] a. 눈부신 : BRILLIANT

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: shining brilliantly; resplendent bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (EQUAL, 형 : 명) bootless 무익한, 보람 없는 without advantage or benefit; useless

effulgent : resplendent :: bootless : futile (형 : 형)

effusive [efjúːsiv] a. 지나치게 감정적인; 분출하는 1. unrestrained or excessive in emotional expression; gushy 2. profuse; overflowing

gush : effusive :: rage : irate irate 성난 extremely angry; enraged

emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious :: manner : grandiose licentious 음탕한, 부도덕한 grandiose 웅장한, 장엄한; 젠체하는, 거드름 피우는

effusive ↔ reticent, listless, torpid, insensitive, lack of emotion, undemonstrative (stable은 오답) reticent 말이 적은, 과묵한; 신중한, 삼가는 listless 내키지 않는, 무관심한; 게으른, 굼뜬 lacking energy or

disinclined to exert effort; lethargic effusiveness ↔ reticence

egalitarian [igǽlit (:)əriən] n. 평등주의자 egalitarian : equity :: meliorism : progress

egoism [í:gouìz:əm] n. 이기심; 자기만족; 이기주의 egoism, egotism ↔ altruism

egress [í:gres] n. 출구, 밖으로 나감 1. the act of coming or going out; emergence 2. the right of going out 3. a path or opening for going out; an exit

egress ↔ entrance

eidetic [aidétik] adj. 눈앞에 선하게 떠오르는, 선명한

elaborate [ilǽbərit]/[ilǽbərèit] a. 정교한 v. 자세히 설명하다 : to expand something in detail 1. planned or executed with painstaking attention to

numerous parts or details 2. intricate and rich in detail

fawn : imperious :: equivocate : direct :: elaborate : sketchy imperious 고압적인, 오만한; 긴급한, 회피할 수 없는

elaborate ↔ abstract, simplify elaborate ↔ common, plain, simple, stark, uncomplicated, uninvolved, stark

equivocate : elaborate ::

elastic [ilǽstik] a. 탄력 있는; 융통성 있는; 관 한 : FLEXIBLE 1. a. easily resuming original shape after being stretched or

expanded; flexible b. springy; rebounding 2. quick to recover, as from disappointment 3. capable of adapting to change or a variety of

circumstances ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (OPPOSITE) ephemeral 덧없는; 단명의 lasting for a markedly brief time

elastic : expand :: viable : live viable 살아갈 수 있는; 실행 가능한

elastic ↔ rigid, adamantine elasticity ↔ lack of tension inelastic ↔ extended

elated [iléitid] a. 의기양양한, 기뻐 날뛰는 : EXULTANT : marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant elation n. 의기양양함, 우쭐댐, 흔쾌한 기분 elate [iléit] - to make proud or joyful

elate ↔ depress, despond, reprobate, wretched elated ↔ despondent, hangdog, crestfallen, dejected, depressed despondent 낙심한, 풀이 죽은 = dejected hangdog 혼쭐난, 겁먹은, 풀죽은; 비열한, 설설 기는 shamefaced

or guilty; intimidated crestfallen 의기소침한, 풀죽은

elation ↔ dejection, sullenness sullen 시무룩한, 심기가 나쁜

elbow [élbou] n. 팔꿈치 elbow : joint :: heart : organ (A ∈ B)

elective [iléktiv] adj.선거의, 선거로 임용되는; 선택의, 필수가 아닌 1. of or relating to a selection by vote 2. filled or obtained by election 3. having the power or authority to elect; electoral 4. permitting or involving a choice; optional

elective ↔ obligatory

eleemosynary [èlimɑ sənèri, -mɑ z / èliiːmɔ sənəri] a. 자선의, 은혜를 베푸는

1. of, relating to, or dependent on charity 2. contributed as an act of charity; gratuitous

philanthropist : eleemosynary ::

elegant [éligənt] a. 품위 있는 : characterized by or exhibiting refined, tasteful beauty of

manner, form, or style insolent ↔ polite, elegant insolent 오만한, 거만한 presumptuous and insulting in manner or

speech; arrogant

elegy [élədʒi] n. 애가 1. a poem composed in elegiac couplets 2. a. a poem or song composed especially as a lament for a

deceased person b. something resembling such a poem or song

3. (music) a composition that is melancholy or pensive in tone

pensive 생각에 잠긴, 시름에 잠긴 듯한; 구슬픈 elegy : sorrow :: satire : ridicule :: hymn : praise :: eulogy : admiration (A express B) satire 풍자, 비꼼; 풍자문 hymn 찬송가, 찬가; 찬양의 표현

elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence elegy : poem :: paean : song :: tango : dance

elemental [èləméntl] adj. 기본적인, 본래의 : Of, relating to, or being an element * element n. 성분, 요소, 구성분자

nitrogen : element :: biology : science (blue : spectrum은 오답) elemental ↔ tangential, incidental (vague는 오답) tangential; only superficially relevant; divergent incidental; 부수적인, 주요하지 않은 occurring or likely to occur as an

unpredictable or minor accompaniment / of a minor, casual, or subordinate nature

elephantine [èləfǽntain, -ti(ː)n] a. 코끼리의; 거 한, 어색한 : MASSIVE

: enormous in size or strength; ponderously clumsy microscopic ↔ elephantine

elevate [éləvèit] v.t. 승진시키다 : EXALT 1. to move (something) to a higher place or position from a

lower one; lift 2. to increase the amplitude, intensity, or volume of 3. to promote to a higher rank 4. to raise to a higher moral, cultural, or intellectual level 5. to lift the spirits of; elate

debasement ↔ elevation

elicit [ilísit] v.t. 이끌어내다 1. a. to bring or draw out (something latent); educe b. to

arrive at (a truth, for example) by logic 2. to call forth (a reaction, for example); evoke

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evoke ↔ fail to elicit

eligible [élidʒəbl] a. 적격의, 적임의, 바람직한 1. qualified or entitled to be chosen 2. desirable and worthy of choice, especially for marriage

elitism [ilíːtizəm, ei-] n. 엘리트주의 : leadership or rule by an elite

ellipsis [ilípsis] n. 생략 1. a. the omission of a word or phrase necessary for a

complete syntactical construction but not necessary for understanding

b. an example of such omission 2. a mark or series of marks (... or …, for example) used in

writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of letter or words

ellipsis : sentence :: apostrophes : word, letter

elliptical [ilíptikəl] a. 타원형의; 생략의, (많이 생략되어) 알기 어려운 1. of or relating to extreme economy of oral or written

expression 2. marked by deliberate obscurity of style or expression

elliptical ↔ palpable palpable 쉽사리 알 수 있는; 뚜렷한, 명백한

elongate [ilɔ ːŋgeit / íːlɔŋgèit] v. 연장하다 : to make or grow longer

elongate ↔ shorten, truncate, curtail

elucidate [ilúːsədèit] v. 명료하게 설명하다 : to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify

elucidate : clarity :: abet : encouragement garble, obfuscate, obscure ↔ elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly garble 왜곡하다, 곡해하다; 착각하다 obfuscate 혼란시키다; 알기 어렵게 하다

elucidate ↔ obscure, obfuscate

elude [ilúːd] v. 회피하다, 이해되지 않다 1. to evade or escape from, as by daring, cleverness, or skill 2. to escape the understanding or grasp of

elusive [ilú:siv] a. 정의하기 어려운; 잘 피하는 1. tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or

memory 2. difficult to define or describe

elusive : define :: (A = B하기 어려운) elusive ↔ transparent, accessible

emaciate [iméiʃièit] v. 야위게 하다 : to make or become extremely thin, especially as a result

of starvation emaciated : thin :: apoplectic : angry apoplectic 졸중의, 중풍의; 성난, 얼굴이 불그레한, 성급한

emaciate ↔ invigorate, fatten emaciated ↔ corpulent (200510)

emanate [émənèit] vi. 발산하다 : radiate, emit, eject, effuse, give off, send out

: to come or send forth, as from a source emanate ↔ absorb

emancipate [imǽnsəpèit] v. 해방하다 : to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate

emancipate ↔ enslave, shackle, lasso lasso (소나 말을 잡을 때 쓰는) 올가미 밧줄

emancipation ↔ bondage

embargo [imbɑ ːrgou] n. v. 통상 금지; 입출항 금지 명령; 일반

적인(제한, 방해, 금지) 1. a government order prohibiting the movement of

merchant ships into or out of its ports 2. a prohibition by a government on certain or all trade with

a foreign nation 3. a prohibition; a ban: an embargo on criticism

embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact quarantine n.v. (질병 예방을 위한) 격리; 검역

embark [embɑ ːrk, im-] v.t. 1. to cause to board a vessel or aircraft 승선하다 2. to enlist (a person or persons) or invest (capital) in an

enterprise 사람이나 돈을 끌어 다 vi. 1. to go abroad a vessel or aircraft, as at the start of a

journey 2. to set out on a venture; commence

embark : funds :: schedule : time (A = B를 계획하다) debut : career :: embarkment : journey conclude ↔ embark on

embarrass [imbǽrəs, em-] v.t. 난처하게 만들다 1. to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at east 2. to involve in or hamper with financial difficulties 3. to hinder with obstacles or difficulties; impede 4. to complicate

blush : embarrassment :: yawn : sleepiness catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) embarrass : shame :: console : comfort console 위안하다, 격려하다 to allay the sorrow or grief of

embarrass : shame :: console : comfort (A하면 B하게 된다) embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle mortify ~에게 굴욕감을 주다 unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement disembarrassment : engagement :: (OPPOSITE) disembarrass (걱정 등에서) 해방하다, 면하게 하다; 안심시키다; (복

잡한 일을) 풀다

embed [imbéd] v.t. 깊이 새겨두다, 박아 넣다 1. to fix firmly in a surrounding mass 2. to enclose firmly 3. to cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole

waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) waffle 잡담하다; 얼버무리다 to speak or write evasively enunciate 분명하게 발음하다; 명확히 말하다 disinter 파내다, 발굴하다; 세상에 내놓다

embed, implant ↔ extract, excise excise (구, 문장 등을) 삭제하다, 지우다 / (종기 등을 몸에서) 절개하다, 잘라내다

embezzle [embézəl, im-] v. 횡령하다 : to appropriate (money, for example) for one's own use in

violation of a trust embezzle : funds :: usurp : power usurp (지위, 권력 등을) 폭력으로 입수하다, 강탈하다; 불법으로 사

용하다 forgery : counterfeit :: embezzlement : fraud counterfeit 위조, 가짜, 위작 fraud 사기, 기만 smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate embezzlement : fraud :: cronyism : favoritism

embolden [embóuldən] v. 담하게 만들다; (남을 ~하도록) 격려하다 : to foster boldness or courage in; encourage

appall ↔ embolden, nerve 용기를 북돋우다 appall 놀라게 하다, 오싹하게 하다 to fill with consternation or dismay

embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow, appall, daunt, boggle, thwart faze 곤란하게 하다, 당황하게 하다 to disrupt the composure of;

disconcert cow (폭력, 협박으로) 위협하다, 으르다 to frighten with threats or a

show of force daunt ~을 위협하다, ~을 무섭게 하다 boggle ~을 놀라게 하다

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embolden ↔ intimidate (0612), fright(=frighten), deaden, discourage, bring down, dishearten, dampen, subdue intimidate ~을 두려워하게 하다, 겁먹게 하다, ~을 협박하(여~하

게 하)다 to make timid; fill with fear / to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats

fright = frighten

emboss [embás] v.두드러지게 하다, 돋을새김으로 하다; 부풀리다 emboss ↔ flatten out

embrace [imbréis] n. v. 포옹, 받아들이다 : HUG 1. to clasp or hold close with the arms, usually as an

expression of affection 2. a. to surround; enclose b. to twine around 3. to include as part of something broader 4. to take up willingly or eagerly 5. to avail oneself to

embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference :: blush : embarrassment (SIGN)

abrogate, eschew ↔ embrace abrogate (법령 등을) 폐지하다 to abolish, do away with, or annul,

especially by authority eschew [istʃú:] 삼가다, 회피하다 to avoid; shun

abjure, abrogate, eschew, renounce ↔ embrace, espouse abjure (신앙, 주의 등을) 버리다, 취소하다; 포기하다 eschew 삼가다, 피하다, 회피하다

ostracize ↔ include, embrace ostracize [ástrəsàiz] (사회적으로) 추방하다; 오스트라시즘에 의해

추방하다 spurn ↔ court, crave, embrace spurn 퇴짜 놓다, 거절하다 court 호의를 얻으려고 하다, 비위를 맞추다; 구애하다 crave 갈망하다; 요구하다, 필요로 하다

embroider [embróidə:r] v.(옷에) 수를 놓다; (이야기 등을) 꾸미다 1. to ornament with needlework 2. to make by means of needlework 3. to add embellishment or fanciful details to

embroider : cloth :: chase : metal chase (금속에) 돋을무늬를 내다

emigrate [éməgrèit] v. 이민 가다 : to leave one country or region to settle in another

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) repatriate (포로 등을) 본국으로 송환하다 repeal 정식으로 취소하다; 무효로 하다 to revoke or rescind,

especially by an official or formal act ratify 승인/비준하다 to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm

emigrate : exile :: enlist : conscript (B는 강제적) conscript (군대에) 징집하다, 징병하다, (노동력 등을) 징발하다

eminence [émənəns] n. 고귀, 저명 : a position of great distinction or superiority

master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence maven 박식한 사람, 전문가 a person who has special knowledge or

experience; an expert luminary 발광체; 훌륭한 사람, 선각자, 권위자

eminent [émənənt] a. 저명한; (신분, 지위 등이) 높은; 뛰어난, 탁월한; 현저한, 두드러진

1. towering or standing out above others; prominent 2. of high rank, station, or quality; noteworthy 3. outstanding, as in character or performance;

distinguished eminent ↔ undistinguished, unextraordinary

emit [imít] v. 내뿜다, 방출하다; (법령을) 공포하다; (의견을) 말하다 1. to give or send out matter or energy 2. a. to give out as sound; utter b. to voice; express

3. to issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into circulation

emit ↔ absorb

emollient [imɑ ljənt / imɔ l-] n. (피부) 연화제 : something that softens or soothes a. 1. softening and soothing, especially to the skin 2. making less harsh or abrasive; molifying

emollient : soothe :: dynamo : generate emollient : suppleness :: desiccant : dryness supple 나긋나긋한, 잘 휘는; 비위를 맞추는, 비굴한

emphasis [émfəsis] n. 강조, 역설, 주안점 underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership (SIGN) underscore v. 밑줄을 치다; 강조하다, 역설하다 n. 밑줄

empathetic, empathic [empəθétik] a. 감정 이입의, 공감할 수 있는 empathy n. [émpəθi] 1. identification with and understanding of another's

situation, feelings, and motives; pity 2. the attribution of one's own feelings to an object

empathetic ↔ insensitive

empirical [empírikəl] adj. 경험에 의한, 경험상의, 경험주의의 empirical ↔ theoretical

emporium [impɔ :riəm] n. 큰 상점, 백화점 emporium : commerce :: laboratory : experimentation :: court : trial :: stadium : game

empower [impáuər] v. 권리를 주다, <남에게>~하는 것을 허락하다 to invest with power, especially legal power or official

authority empower ↔ revoke the authority enfranchise ↔ disempower

empty-handed [émptihǽndid] a. 빈손의, 아무 소득 없는 1. bearing nothing 2. having received or gained nothing

emulate [émjəlèit] v.t. 필적하다, 열심히 모방하다 1. to strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation 2. to compete with successfully; approach or attain equality

with obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller (A하면 B하게 된다) emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다/B하니까 A하다) obviate (곤란 등을) 예방하다; 필요 없게 하다 exemplary 본보기의, 전형적인

emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon emulation : exemplar :: deference : authority

emulous [émjələs] a. 뒤지지 않으려는; 경쟁적인, 겨루는 1. eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another 2. characterized or prompted by a spirit of rivalry

enact [enǽkt] v.t. (법률을) 제정하다; 배역을 연기하다 1. to make into law 2. to act (something) out, as on a stage

rescission ↔ enactment rescission [risíʒən] 무효, 취소, 폐지 rescind [risínd] 폐지하다 to make void; repeal or annul

enact ↔ repeal, rescind

enamel [inǽməl] n. 도료; 치과용 에나멜질 enamel : tooth :: bark : tree :: skin, rind : apple :: crust : loaf rind 껍질 a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some fruits

enclosure [enklóuʒər] n. 1. a. the act of enclosing b. the state of being enclosed 2. something enclosed

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3. something that encloses stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support stockade [stakéid] 방책; 우리

encomium [enkóumiəm] n. 찬사 1. warm, glowing praise 2. a formal expression of praise; a tribute * encomiast 찬사를 보내는 사람, 찬양자

encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil quibble 회피하다, 핑계를 다; 트집을 잡다 cavil 덮어놓고 이의를 제기하다; 트집을 잡다 to find fault

unnecessarily; raise trivial objections encomium : eulogize :: discontent : complain :: quibble : cavil encomium ↔ harsh criticism, invective

encompass [inkʌ mpəs] v. 둘러싸다, 포함하다 1. to form a circle or ring around; surround 2. to enclose; envelop 3. to constitute or include 4. to accomplish; achieve

encompass ↔ exclude, leave out

encounter [enkáuntər] n. 조우; 충돌, 결 1. a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected,

or brief 2. a. a hostile or adversarial confrontation; a contest b. an

often violent meeting; a clash circumlocution ↔ direct encounter circumlocution (말을) 에두르기; 완곡한 표현

encourage v. 용기를 북돋우다, 격려하다, ~을 촉진하다, 장려하다 1. to inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten 2. to give support to; foster 3. to stimulate; spur

encourage ↔ appall

encumber [enkʌ mbə:r] v. 방해하다; (장애물로) 막다 1. to put a heavy load on; burden 2. to hinder or impede the action or performance of 3. to burden with legal or financial obligations * encumbrance n. 장애물

encumbrance : hinder :: palliative : mitigate palliative 완화제, 당장을 모면하기(하는 방책), 참작해야 할 정상 encumber ↔ remove impediment, unburden, assist, aid, facilitate impediment 방해, 장애; 신체적 장애

encyclopedia [ensàikloupíːdiə] n. 백과사전 * encyclopedic a. 백과사전적인, 제반 지식에 정통한, 박식(해

박)한 encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective :: summary : condensed :: abstract : concise compendious 요점을 잘 잡은, 간결한 containing or stating briefly

and concisely all the essentials assay [əseéi] 시험하다, 시금하다; 정 히 조사하다, 평가하다

encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed encyclopedic ↔ narrow, specific, exclusive, selective, restricted

endemic [endémik] a. 어떤 지방 특유의, 풍토성인 : prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or

people endemic : region :: inborn : individual inborn 타고난, 천부의, 선천적인 endemic ↔ exotic, foreign

endorse [endɔ ːrs / in-] v.t. 승인하다, 배서하다 1. to write one's signature on the back of (a check, for

example) as evidence of the legal transfer of its ownership, especially in return for the cash or credit indicated on its face

2. to place (one's signature), as on a contract, to indicate

approval of its contents or terms 3. to acknowledge (receipt of payment) by signing a bill,

draft, or other instrument 4. to give approval of or support to, especially by public

statement; sanction rider : bill :: endorsement : policy rider 기수; 추가, 보충; 부칙(附則)

endow : income :: endorse : approval endow 기부하다; (재능, 권리 등을) 주다, 부여하다

endorse ↔ oppose publicly impugn, deprecate ↔ endorse impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;

challenge in argument

endow [endɑ u] v. 기부하다; (재능, 권리 등을) 주다, 부여하다 1. to provide with property, income, or a source of income 2. a. to equip or supply with a talent or quality b. to imagine

as having a usually favorable trait or quality endow : income :: endorse : approval endow ↔ divest, deprive, deny, disown

enduring [indjúəriŋ, en-] a. 영구적인 : LASTING, DURABLE 1. lasting; continuing; durable 2. long-suffering; patient

ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (OPPOSITE) inelastic 탄력이 없는; 완고한, 융통성 없는

ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living transitory : endure :: immutable : change transitory ↔ enduring enduringness ↔ transitoriness

enervate [énərvèit] v.t. 약화시키다 a. 활력을 잃은, 무기력한

(=enervated) : to lessen the vitality or strength of cf> 명사형 enervation 무기력, (신경)쇠약

enervate : vitality, strength :: debase : value :: hamstring : effectiveness curtail : period :: enervate : energy :: desiccate : moisture eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeblement : vigor :: amnesia : memory eclipse (명성 등의) 실추, 쇠퇴 prestige 명성, 신망; 저명, 인기

dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit 기운을 잃게 하다, 의기소침하게 하다 to lower in or deprive

of spirit; dishearten enervate : vigor, vitality :: palliate : nerve :: debase : value palliate 변명하다, 완화하다

enervate ↔ invigorate, fortify, strengthen enervation ↔ vitality

enfeeble [infíːbəl, en-] v.t. 약화시키다 : to make feeble; deprive of strength

eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeble : vigor eclipse n. 권위의 실추, 쇠퇴 v. 실추시키다

eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : strength enfeeble ↔ invigorate tonic ↔ enfeebling

enfranchise [enfrǽntʃaiz] v.t. 참정권을 주다; (노예 등을) 해방하다 1. to bestow a franchise on 2. to endow with the rights of citizenship, especially the right

to vote 3. to free, as from bondage

enfranchise : vote :: license : practice :: illuminate : see :: educate : learn (A는 B를 가능하게 하는 것, 참고로 ignite : burn의 경우 ‘선후관계’에 가까우므로 답이 아닐 때도 있음)

enfranchise ↔ enfetter, subjugate, resubject, disempower enfetter 차꼬를 채우다, 속박하다 to bind in fetters; enchain subjugate 지배 하에 두다, 장복하다 to bring under control; enslave

engage

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1. to obtain or contract for the services of; employ 끌어들이

다, 관련시키다 2. to arrange for the use of; reserve 3. to pledge or promise, especially to marry 약혼하다 4. to attract and hold the attention of 몰두하다

engender [endʒéndər] v.t. 낳다, 야기하다 : PRODUCE 1. to bring into existence; give rise to 2. to procreate; propagate

quash, eradicate ↔ engender quash 진압하다, 가라앉히다 to set aside or annul, especially by

judicial action

engross [engróus] v.t. 몰두시키다, (마음을) 빼앗다; 매점하다, 독점하다 1. to occupy exclusively; absorb 2. to acquire most or all of (a commodity); monopolize (a

market) 3. a. to write or transcribe in a large, clear hand b. to write

print the final draft of (an official document) engrossed : absorbed :: intimate : close (EQUAL) engrossed : occupied :: (A>>B)

enigmatic [ènigmǽtik, ìn-] a. 수수께끼 같은, 불가사의한 : MYSTERIOUS

: of or resembling an enigma; puzzling enigma n. 수수께끼

enigma : perplexing :: (CHARACTER) enigma : impenetrable :: juggernaut : unstoppable enigmatic : simplistic :: (OPPOSITE) enigmatic : lucid :: (OPPOSITE) enigmatic ↔ broadly known, readily understandable, free of ambiguity

enlarge [enlɑ ːrdʒ] v. 확 [확장]하다 : to become larger 1. to make larger; add to 2. to give greater scope to; expand

enlarge ↔ shorten

enlighten [enláitn] v.t. 계몽하다; 가르치다, 알리다 1. to give spiritual or intellectual insight to 2. to give information to; inform or instruct

enlighten ↔ baffle, confound

enmity [énməti] n. 증오, 미움, 악의; 재립, 적 : deep-seated, often mutual hatred

enmity ↔ amity, camaraderie, comity, concord, friendship, friendliness, affinity, agreement

ennoble [enóubl] v.t. 고상하게 하다; 작위를 내리다 : ELEVATE 1. to make noble 2. to confer nobility upon

debase ↔ ennoble

ennui [ɑ ːnwíː, --] n. 권태, 따분함 : listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of

interest; boredom ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic :: somnolence : alert apathetic 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한 somnolent 졸린; 잠이 오게 하는

ennui ↔ energy, enthusiasm, keen interest, exuberance, excitement exuberance 풍부, 윤택, 충만 exuberant 넘쳐흐르는, 원기 왕성한, 열광적인

enrage [enrèid3] - to put into a rage; infuriate enrage ↔ subside

enrapture [enrǽptʃər] v. 기뻐서 어쩔 줄 모르다 : RAPTURE : to fill with rapture or delight

rapture 기쁜, 환희, 황홀 the state of being transported by a lofty

emotion; ecstasy enraptured ↔ indifferent, distracted, impassive distracted 마음이 산란한, 주의가 산만한

enrich [enrít∫] v. 부유하게 하다, 풍부하게 하다, 향상시키다 1. to make rich or richer 2. to make fuller, more meaningful, or more rewarding 3. to add fertilizer to 4. to add nutrients to 5. to add to the beauty or character of; adorn

enrich ↔ deplete, impoverish

ensconce [inskɑ ns / -skɔ ns] v. 감추다, 숨겨두다; 편안히 앉히다, 안정시키다

1. to settle (oneself) securely or comfortably 2. to place or conceal in a secure place

ensconce ↔ dislodge, displace, unsettle, reveal, disclose, exhibit dislodge; to remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously

occupied

ensemble [`ａ:nsɑ :mbl] n. 총체, 전체적 효과; 합주, 합창 1. a unit or group of complementary parts that contribute to

a single effect, especially a. a coordinated outfit or costume b. a group of supporting musicians, singers, dancers, or

actors who perform together 2. (music) a. a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists b. the vocalists or instrumentalists who perform such a work

ensemble ↔ solo

enslave [ensléiv] v.t. 예속시키다 : SUBJUGATE : to make into or as if into a slave

manumit ↔ enslave manumit (노예 상태에서) 해방하다 to free from slavery or bondage;

emancipate

ensuing [ensúːiŋ] adj. 뒤이어 일어나는 : to take place afterward or as a result * ensue [insjú:] v. 계속되다, 잇따라 일어나다; 결과로 일어나다 1. to follow as a consequence or result 2. to take place subsequently

anterior ↔ ensuing anterior 앞에 놓인; 앞의, 이전의, 앞선 follow : 뒤따르다, 다음에 오다. succeed : 지위·직책 등을 이어받다.

ensue ↔ precede anterior ↔ ensuing

entangle [entǽŋgl] v.t. 뒤얽히게 하다, (골치 아픈 일에) 말려들

게 하다; 난처하게 하다 1. to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; snarl 2. to complicate; confuse 3. to involve in or as if in a tangle

exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE) disentangle ↔ snarl snarl [sna:rl] 고함치다; 가시 돋친 어조로 말하다 엉클어지게 하다; 혼란시키다, 얽히게 하다 to become tangled or

confused

enthrall [inθrɔ :l] v. 매혹하다; 사로잡다, 노예로 하다(enslave) 1. to hold spellbound; captivate 2. to enslave

enthrall ↔ liberate, release, emancipate, bore, disenchant, dull

enthusiasm [enθúːziæ zəm] n. 열정 1. great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause 2. a source or cause of great excitement or interest

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ennui : enthusiastic :: fervent : apathetic (OPPOSITE) enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: covet : rapacity paranoia 망상증, 편집증 rapacity 탐욕

reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) avidity 탐욕, 갈망 arden desire or craving; eagerness

ennui ↔ energy, enthusiasm ennui listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest;

boredom halfhearted ↔ enthusiastic

entice [entáis] v.t. 유혹, 선동하다 : TEMPT : to attract by arousing hope or desire; lure enticement n.

command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (A >> B) enticing : tempt :: affectionate : love (EQUAL, 형 : 동) enticement : tempt :: (EQUAL) formidable ↔ enticing formidable 무서운, 용기를 꺾는, 위협적인; 경외심을 불러일으키는

entice ↔ deter

entrance [éntrəns] n. 입구, 입장 [intrǽns] v.t. 황홀하게 하다, 매혹하다 1. to put into a trance 2. to fill with delight, wonder, or enchantment

trance 황홀, 열중; 혼수상태, 인사불성 entrancing; adj. 넋을 잃게 하는, 매혹적인 an entrancing dream 매혹적인 꿈

entrancing ↔ repugnant, repellent (형용사) entrance ↔ disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore (동사) entrance ↔ egress (명사) unprepossessing ↔ entrancing, winsome unprepossessing 불쾌한 failing to impress favorably winsome 사람을 끄는, 매력 있는 charming

entrap [entrǽp] v.t. 함정에 빠뜨리다; 계략에 빠트리다 1. to catch in or as if in a trap 2. a. to lure into danger, difficulty, or a compromising

situation b. to lure into performing a previously or otherwise uncontemplated illegal act

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A=B하기 어려운) exacting 엄격한; 힘겨운, 혹독한 making severe demands; requiring

great care, effort, or attention wary 경계하고 있는 조심하는, 신중한

entreaty [entríti] n. 간청, 탄원 : PLEA : an earnest request or petition

command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (강제성의 유무) protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat protest 이의를 제기하다; 단언/주장하다 supplicate 애원하다, 기원하다 to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by

praying

entrench [intréntʃ] v. 둘레에 참호를 파다, (생각, 관례, 권리 등을) 흔들리지 않게 하다, 확고하게 뒷받침하다

entrenched ↔ changing, flexible, questionable

entry [éntri] n. 입장, 입구; 기재 사항, 표제어 : a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index) 1. a. the act or an instance of entering b. the privilege or

right of entering 2. a means or place by which to enter 3. a. the inclusion or insertion of an item, as in a record b.

an item entered in this way 4. a. an entry word, as in a dictionary; a headword b. an

headword along with its related text 5. one entered in a competition

journal : entry :: range : mountain

enumerate [injúːmərèit] v.t. 열거하다 : LIST 1. to count off or name one by one; list 2. to determine the number of; count

numberless : enumerate :: irreparable : remedy (motionless : activity는 오답)

enunciate [inʌ nsièit, -ʃi-] v. 똑똑히 발음하다; 명확히 말하다 : ARTICULATE

1. to pronounce; articulate 2. to state or set forth precisely or systematically 3. to announce; proclaim

waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) waffle 말끝을 흐리다, 둘러 다 to speak or write evasively embed 박아 넣다; (마음에) 깊이 새겨두다

enunciate : mumbling :: clarify : confusing enunciate : words :: limn : lines limn 그림을 그리다, (말로) 묘사하다

enunciate ↔ mumble mumble 웅얼거리다 to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or

partially closing the mouth

envision [invíʒən] v.t. 상상하다, 마음에 그리다 : to picture in the mind; imagine

enzyme [énzaim] n. 효소 : Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced

by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts.

epaulet [épəlèt] 견장 epaulet : shoulder :: ring : finger

ephemeral [ifémərəl] a. 덧없는 1. lasting a markedly brief time 2. living or lasting only for a day, as certain plants or insects

do ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch :: inanimate : live :: repellent : attract :: immutable : change inelastic 탄력이 없는; 완고한, 융통성 없는

ephemeral : transience :: permanent : perpetuality :: convoluted : complexity (EQUAL)

repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (OPPOSITE) ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility :: imperative : democracy (OPPOSITE) grandiose 웅장한, 장엄한; 젠체하는

ephemeral : abide :: intransigent : yield ephemeral : permanence :: ephemeral : endure :: inert : react ephemeral, transitory ↔ permanent, perpetual, eternal, everlasting, enduring, lasting

epic [épik] a. 서사시의; 웅장한, 영웅적인 1. of, constituting, having to do with, or suggestive of a

literary epic 2. surpassing the usual or ordinary, particularly in scope or

size 3. heroic and impressive in quality

epic ↔ modest

epicenter [épisèntər] n. 진앙, 진원지, 중심점 epicenter ↔ periphery

epicure [épikjùər] n. 미식가; 쾌락주의자 1. a person with refined taste especially in food and wine 2. a person devoted to sensuous pleasure and luxurious living

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentinel [séntənəl] 보초, 감시인

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discerner : acute :: epicure : discriminating epicure ↔ a person indifferent to food

epidermis [èpədə :rmis] n. 표피, 상피 epidermis : mammal :: bark : conifer

epigram [épigræ m] n. 경구 1. a short, witty poem expressing a single thought or

observation 2. a concise, clever, often paradoxical statement 3. epigrammatic discourse or expression

exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise epigram : brevity :: philippic : condemnation

epilogue [épilɔ ːg, -lɑ g / épilɔ g] n. 결말 : CODA 1. a. a short poem or speech spoken directly to the

audience following the conclusion of a play b. the performer who delivers such a short poem or speech

2. a short addition or concluding section at the end of a literary work, often dealing with the future of its character = afterward

dessert : meal :: epilogue : play, novel :: coda : sonata terminus : stop :: epilogue : story terminus 종점, 종착역, 목적지

epilogue : prose:: finale : music prose 산문 cf. verse 운문

preface ↔ epilogue

episode [épəs`oud] n. 삽화적인 사건; (연속 소설 등의) 1편 episode : series :: issue : periodical

epistemology [ipìstəmɑ lədʒi / -mɔ l-] n. 인식론 : the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of

knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity

aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge (A는 B를 연구하는 학문) aesthetics 미학

epitaph [é pət`æf] n. 묘비명; 비문 epitaph : tombstone :: motto : shield

epithet [épəθèt] n. (사람, 물건 등을 단적으로 나타내는)용어구; (경멸적인) 별명

1. a. a term used to characterize a person or thing b. a term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person

2. an abusive or contemptuous word or phrase 예; shower a person with insulting epithets 남에게 모욕적인

욕설을 퍼붓다 epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead

epitomize [ipítəmàiz] v.t.요약하다; 집약적으로 나타내다, 전형이 되다

1. to make an epitome of; sum up 2. to be a typical example of epitome n. 전형, 본보기/요약, 발췌 epitomist 발췌작가

epitomize : brevity :: embellish : ornamentation

eponymous [epɑ nemes|ipɔ n-] a. (토지, 시 등이) 시조의 이름을 딴, (사람이) 이름의 시조인

:of, relating to, or constituting an eponym. eponym : A person whose name is or is thought to be the

source of the name of something, such as a city, country, or era. For example, Romulus is the eponym of Rome.

eponymous : name ::

equable [ékwəbəl, íːk-] a. 한결같은; (사람, 기분이) 안정된, 조용한 1. a. unvarying; steady b. free from extremes

2. not easily disturbed; serene equanimity 침착, 평정, 냉정

equable ↔ intemperate, unsteady, uneven, hostile intemperate 폭음하는, 무절제한; 과격한, 혹독한

equanimity ↔ agitation, excitability

equipoise [ékwəpɔ iz, íːk-] n. 균형, 평형 1. equality in distribution, as of weight, relationship, or

emotional forces; equilibrium 2. a counterpoise; a counterbalance

equipoise ↔ vacillate

equity [ékwəti] n. 공평, 공정 * equitable a. 공정한, 공평한 marked by or having equity;

just and impartial illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution equivalent : interchange :: indistinguishable : confound equitable ↔ discriminatory, unfair, biased equitable ↔ biased, unfair, disproportionate

equivocal [ikwívəkəl] a. 애매한 1. open to two or more interpretations and often intended to

mislead; ambiguous 2. of uncertain significance 3. of a doubtful or uncertain nature * eqiovocate v. 애매한 언사를 쓰다, 말끝을 흐리다, 거짓말하다 * equivocation n. 애매한 언사, 얼버무리기, 애매한 표현

equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth (A는 B를 저하시키다) equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed :: cliche : hackneyed, trite bromide 진부한 이야기, 판에 박힌 글귀

equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity :: delicacy : offence euphemism 완곡어법, 완곡한 표현 obfuscate 혼란시키다, 어리둥절하게 하다, 애매하게 하다

equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous :: platitude : banal oxymoron 모순 어법 [‘공공연한 비 ’과 같은 표현] incongruous 조화/일치되지 않는 lacking in harmony; incompatible

equivocate : commitment :: procrastinate : action commitment 위탁, 위임; 구류, 수감; 약속, 공약; 전념, 몰두 procrastinate 미루다, 질질 끌다; 꾸물 다

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive grandstand 관중을 의식한 행동을 하다 to perform ostentatiously so

as to impress an audience amorphous : shape :: equivocal : certainty equivocal : ambiguous :: oxymoronic : incongruent waffle ↔ speak unequivocally waffle 얼버무리다 to speak or write evasively

equivocal ↔ certain equivocate ↔ communicate straightforwardly, clarify, elucidate, certify equivocation ↔ clarity, explitness, lucidity, unambiguity, frankness, unequivocalness

era [í(:)rə, érə| íərə] n. 시 , 연 ; 중요한 날, 중 사건; 기원 1. a period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving

as the basis of its chronological system 2. a. a period of time characterized by particular

circumstances, events, or personages b. a point that marks the beginning of such a period of time 3. the longest division of geologic time, made up of one or

more periods era : moment : region : site (A >> B)

erect [irékt] a. 수직의, 뻣뻣한 v. 세우다; 짓다, 조립하다; 창설하다 a. 1. being in a vertical, upright position 2. being in a stiff, rigid physiological condition v. 1. to construct by assembling 2. to raise to a rigid or upright condition

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3. to fix in an upright position 4. to set up; establish

suspend ↔ erect prostrate ↔ erect prostrate 엎드리다, 부복하다; 의기소침하게 하다, 굴복시키다

slouch ↔ stand erect slouch 몸을 구부리다

erode [iróud] v. 부식하다, 침식하다 1. to wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion 2. to eat into; corrode 3. to make or form by wearing away 4. to cause to diminish, deteriorate, or disappear as if by

eating into or wearing away accrete : growth :: erode : destruction accrete 함께 커지다, 일체가 되다 to make larger or greater, as by

increased growth downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (A cause B) gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A) gully 작은 협곡

singe : incineration :: erode : destruction singe 겉을 태우다; (명성을) 손상시키다 incinerate 태워서 재로 만들다, 소각하다 to cause to burn to ashes

deposit ↔ process of eroding

errant [érənt] a. 벗어난, 방황하는 1. roving, especially in search of adventure 2. straying from the proper course or standards 3. a. wandering outside the established limits b. aimless or

irregular in motion amorphous : shape :: errant : course :: heretical : doctrine errant : standard :: digress : topic

erratic [irǽtik] a. 변덕스러운, 괴이한 : WANDERING 1. having no fixed or regular course; wandering 2. lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity 3. deviating from the customary course in conduct or

opinion; eccentric heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (OPPOSITE) craven 비겁한, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly

exemplary : criticized :: erratic : predicted erratic ↔ constant

erudite [érjudàit] a. 박식한 : LEARNED * erudition n. 박식, 깊은 지식 deep, extensive learning

erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect fathom 깊이를 재다; 알아내다, 간파하다 to penetrate to the

meaning or nature of; comprehend oblivious 잘 잊는, 기억하고 있지 않은

prescience : future :: erudition : esoterica prescience [prí:ʃiəns] 전지, 예지, 선견(foresight)

outspoken : saucy :: erudite : pedantic (DEFECTIVE) saucy 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운

erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered, illiterate erudition ↔ extreme ignorance, illiteracy, ignorance

escalate [éskəlèit] v. 단계적으로 확 하다 : to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity,

or scope escalate ↔ decrease, diminish, ebb, wane ebb n. v. 썰물, 간조가 되다; 쇠퇴, 쇠망(하다) ↔ flow

eschew [istʃúː] v. 삼가다 : SHUN : to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical

grounds eschew ↔ embrace, greet, habitually indulge in, seek, welcome

esoteric [èsoutérik] a. 난해한, 비전의 1. a. intended for or understood by only a particular group

b. of or relating to that which is known by a restricted

number of people 2. a. confined to a small group b. not publicly disclosed;

confidential esoteric ↔ commonly accepted, generally known, commonplace ‘널리 알려진’ 류 (indisputable은 오답)

espouse [ispáuz, es-] v.t. 신봉하다, 지지하다; 아내로 맞다 1. a. to take in marriage; marry b. to give (a woman) in

marriage 2. to give one's loyalty or support to (a cause, for example);

adopt abjure, repudiate ↔ embrace, espouse abjure to renounce under oath; to recant solemnly repudiate 부인/거절하다; 인연을 끊다

esteem [istíːm] n. 존경, 존중 v. 존중, 존경하다 1. to regard with respect; prize 2. to regard as; consider

esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribe (DEFECTIVE) idolatry 우상숭배, 맹목적 심취 blind or excessive devotion to

something desire : covet :: esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B) covet 몹시 탐내다, 갈망하다 to feel blameworthy desire for

obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (A show B) obeisance 경례, 인사; 경의, 존경

infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem (EQUAL) stigma ↔ mark of esteem stigma 불명예, 치욕, 오명

esteem ↔ abomination, odium, loathing, ignominy, abhor, disdain odium 증오, 미움; 비난, 악평

estimable [éstəməbəl] a. 존경할 만한 1. possible to estimate 2. deserving of esteem; admirable

estimable : admiration :: questionable : doubt (disparage : contempt는 오답)

estimable ↔ contemptible, infamous

estrange [istréindʒ] v.t. 이간시키다, 멀어지게 하다 1. to make hostile, unsympathetic, or indifferent; alienate 2. to remove from an accustomed place or set of associations * estragement n. 이간, 소외, 반목, 불화

estrangement ↔ rapprochement, reconciliation rapprochement [ræprɔ :ʃma:ŋ] 화해, 친선 reconciliation 화해, 조화, 일치

etch [etʃ] v. 에칭하다; 새겨 넣다 n. 식각법, 부식액 1. a. to cut into the surface of (glass, for example) by the

action of acid 2. to impress, delineate, or imprint clearly

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (CHARACTER)

eternal [itə :rn:əl] a. 영원한, 영구의; 무한한, 불멸의 1. being without beginning or end; existing outside of time 2. continuing without interruption; perpetual 3. forever true or changeless 4. seemingly endless; interminable 5. of or relating to spiritual communion with God, especially

in the afterlife eternal ↔ ephemeral

ethereal [iθíəriəl] a. 가벼운, 희박한; 절묘한; 천상의 : IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE

1. characterized by lightness and insubstantiality; intangible 2. highly refined; delicate 3. a. of the celestial spheres; heavenly b. not of this world;

spiritual ethereal ↔ material, ponderous, worldly ponderous 크고 무거운, 육중한; 답답한, 지루한; 장황한

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ponderous ↔ ethereal, gossamer, lively gossamer 가는 거미줄의; 얇고 가벼운

ethics [éθiks] n. 윤리학 logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior (A는 B의 기준)

etymology [èṭəmɑ lədʒi|-mɔ l-] n. 어원 연구, 어원 etymology : language :: genealogy : family (A는 B의 기원을 연구) etymology : word :: genealogy : human :: physiology : body genealogy 계보학, 가계 연구

eulogize [júːlədʒàiz] v.t. 찬양하다 : EXTOL : to praise highly in speech or writing * eulogy n. 찬양, 찬사 = eulogium

eulogium : invective :: (OPPOSITE) eulogy : speech :: ode : poem encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil encomiast 찬양자, 아부하는 사람 a person who delivers or rites an

encomium; a eulogist quibble 핑계, 구실; 트집 잡기

eulogy : praise :: elegy : lament panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글 satirize [sǽtəràiz] 풍자하다, 비꼬다 to ridicule or attack by means

of satire eulogy : admiration :: hymn : praise hymn [him] 찬송가, 찬가; 찬양의 표현

encomium : eulogy :: discontent : complain quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech (A ∈ B) quatrain [kwátrein] 4행 연구(聯句) a stanza or poem of four lines stanza 절, 연

eulogize ↔ pan, cavil, criticize, scathe pan 사금하다; 팬으로 요리하다; 비판하다 to criticize or review

harshly eulogy ↔ stricture, defamation, vilification, criticism, accusation, invective 비판 stricture 제한; 비평, 혹평 a restraint, limit, or restriction; an

adverse remark or criticism invective 심한 비난, 독설, 욕설, 욕설의

euphemism [júːfəmìzəm] n. 완곡어법 : the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression

for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant

equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity obfuscate 혼란시키다, 어리둥절하게 하다; 어둡게 하다

euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure invulnerable 손상되지 않는, 무적의; 논파할 수 없는, 확고한

euphemism : offense :: aphorism : diffuse aphorism 경구 a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; a

brief statement of a principle diffuse 흩뜨리다; (지식 등을) 유포시키다

euphonious [juːfóuniəs] a. 듣기 좋은 : pleasing or agreeable to the ear

euphonious : sound :: graceful : movement cacophonous ↔ dulcet, euphonious dulcet 아름다운, 감미로운 pleasing to the ear; melodious

euphoria [juːfɔ ːriə] n. 행복감 : a feeling of great happiness or well-being

satisfaction : euphoria :: (A << B) euphoria ↔ depression / wretchedness, infelicity

evacuate [ivǽkjuèit] v. 비우다, 철수하다, 피난시키다 1. a. to empty or remove the contents of b. to create a

vacuum in 2. to excrete or discharge (waste matter), especially from

the bowels 3. a. to relinquish military possession or occupation of (a

town, for example) b. to withdraw or send away (troops or inhabitants) from a threatened area

4. to withdraw or depart from; vacate evacuate ↔ conquer, fill up, occupy

evade [ivéid] v. 회피하다 1. to escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit 2. a. to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing 3. to avoid giving a direct answer to 4. to baffle or elude

evade : answer :: goldbrick : work goldbrick 태만히 하다 to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities

evade ↔ channel channel to direct or guide along some desired course

evanescent [èvənésənt] a. 순간의, 덧없는 : vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor

evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE)

evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (A = B하기 쉬운, 능동) (transparent : penetrate 관계는 오답. (A = B되기 쉬운, 수동))

evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate perpetuate 영속하게 하다; 불멸하게 하다 make perpetual; to prolong

the existence of evanescence : transient :: complexity : convoluted evanescent : enduring :: inert : react evanescent : endure :: immutable : change (A는 B하지 않는) evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (A에는 B가 없는) evanescent ↔ enduring, abiding, lasting, permanent, perpetual abiding 지속적인, 불변의 lasting for a long time; enduring

evasive [ivéisiv] a. 책임 회피의; 종잡을 수 없는, 덧없는 1. inclined or intended to evade 2. intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal

evasive ↔ intended to, frank, candid, direct, forthright, honest, straight, straightforward, unambiguous

evenhanded [ìvən-hǽndid] a. showing no partiality; fair evenhanded ↔ lopsided, partial, unfair lopsided 한쪽으로 기운, (생각 등이) 치우친

everlasting [èvərlǽstiŋ, -lɑ ːst-] a. 영속적인 : ETERNAL 1. lasting forever; eternal 2. a. continuing indefinitely or for a long period of time b.

persisting too long; tedious everlasting, interminable : duration :: countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number myriad [míriəd] 무수 constituting a very large, indefinite number;

innumerable untold 말을 하지 않은, 밝혀지지 않은; 말로 표현할 수 없는; 셀 수

없는, 막 한 everlasting : permanence :: fitful : discontinuity (A에는 B의 성격이 있음, 형:명)

fitful a. 발작적인, 단속적인, 자주 중단되는, 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운

everlasting ↔ ephemeral

everyday [évridei] a. 매일의(daily), 평소의, 일상의, 예사로운

(ordinary), 평범한(commonplace) everyday ↔ extraordinary, abnormal, exceptional, special, uncommon, unexpected, unusual

evict [ivíkt] v.t. 퇴거 시키다 : EXPEL 1. to put (a tenant) out by legal process; expel 2. to force out; eject 3. (law) to recover (property, for example) by a superior

claim or legal process

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deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling evict : residence :: banish : country banish 추방하다, 유형에 처하다 cf. vanish 사라지다, 소멸되다

harbor ↔ evict

evince [ivíns] v. 분명히 나타내다 : to show or demonstrate clearly; manifest

evince ↔ keep hidden, conceal, obscure, keep secret, conceal, hide

eviscerate [ivísərèit] v. 골자를 빼버리다 1. To remove the entrails of; disembowel 2. To take away a vital or essential part of

evoke [ivóuk] v.t. 불러일으키다; 기억나게 하다; 상상으로 재현하다 1. to summon or call forth 2. to call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting 3. to create anew, especially by means of the imagination

evoke ↔ fail to elicit, repress elicit 끌어내다, 알아내다

ewe [ju:] n. 암 양 sheep : ewe :: swan : pen pen 백조의 암컷 → cob 백조의 수컷

exacerbate [igzǽsərbèit, iksǽs-] v.t. 악화시키다; 분개시키다 :to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;

aggravate exacerbate ↔ allay, palliate, mitigate, assuage, mollify exacerbate ↔ ameliorate allay (불안 등을) 가라앉히다, (고통 등을) 완화시키다 palliate 누그러지게 하다, 완화하다; 변명하다

exact [igzǽkt] v.요구하다; 강요/강제하다; (긴급히) 필요로 하다 1. to force the payment or yielding of; extort 2. to demand and obtain by or as if by force or authority

exact ↔ condone, forgive exactness ↔ impreciseness exactitude ↔ imprecision exactitude 정확함, 엄 함; 엄격, 엄정

exacting [igzǽktiŋ] a. 요구가 가혹한; 엄격한 1. making severe demands; rigorous 2. requiring great care, effort, or attention

exacting : satisfied :: vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled :: indomitable : controlled (B가 어려운 = A) wary [wɛ əri] 조심하는, 신중한; 방심하지 않는 gull 속이다, 속여 빼앗다 to deceive or cheat

exacting ↔ forgiving, lenient, compromising

exaggerate [igzǽdʒərèit] v. 과장하다 : OVEREMPHASIZE 1. to represent as greater than is actually the case;

overstate 2. to enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree

anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole : pompous : bombast tirade 신랄한 비판 a long angry or violent speech, usually of a

censorious or denunciatory nature exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram : pithiness : aphorism malicious : ill-will :: exaggerating : hyperbole (B는 A의 성격을 지님) pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature pithy 간결한; 날카로운, 명쾌한 precisely meaningful; forceful and

brief exaggerated : hyperbole :: pompous : bombast exaggerate ↔ minimize, downplay

exalt [igzɔ ːlt] v.t. (지위, 명성 등을) 높이다, 칭찬하다 : GLORIFY

1. to raise in rank, character, or status; elevate 2. to glorify, praise, or honor 3. to increase the effect or intensity of; heighten

exaltation ↔ condemnation, degradation exalt ↔ pillory, lower in status, condemn pillory 조롱하다, 모욕하다; 형틀로 벌을 주다

exalted ↔ humble

exasperate [igzǽspəreit, -rit] v.t. 분개시키다; 심각하게 만들다 : ENRAGE

1. to make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly 2. to increase the gravity or intensity of

exasperate ↔ mitigate, mollify

excavate [ékskəvèit] v. ∼을 파다, 발굴하다 : to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering 1. to make a hole in; hollow out 2. to form by hollowing out 3. to remove by digging or scooping out 4. to expose or uncover by or as if by digging

excavate ↔ fill in, entangle

exceptional [iksépʃənəl] a. 예외적인; 탁월한; 비정상의 1. being an exception; uncommon 2. well above average; extraordinary 3. deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental

ability commonplace, ordinary, prosaic ↔ exceptional, imaginary, exciting

excerpt [éksəːrpt] n. 발췌, 초록 : EXTRACT a passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a

literary or musical composition, a document, or a film aside : digression :: summary : excerpt

excise [éksaiz, -sais|eksɑ iz] 절개하다, 잘라내다 to remove by or as if by cutting 예; excised the tumor

excise ↔ implant, embed

exclaim [ikskléim] v. (감탄, 흥분하여) 외치다 : to cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or

emotion vehement 열정적인; 격렬한

exclaim : utter :: flare : shine (A >> B)

excoriate [ikskɔ ːrièit] v. 껍질을 벗기다; 심하게 비난하다 1. to tear or wear off the skin of; abrade 2. to censure strongly; denounce

excoriation : glorification :: (OPPOSITE) excoriation ↔ glorification excoriate ↔ exalt, extol, praise lavishly, accolade, flatter, glorify

excrete [ikskríːt] v.t. 배설하다, 분비하다 : to separate and discharge (waste matter) from blood,

tissues, or organs stomach : ingest :: lung : respiration ingest 섭취하다, 취하다 to take into the body by the mouth for

digestion or absorption excrete ↔ ingest, absorb

excruciate [ikskrú:∫ièit] v. 고통을 주다 1. to inflict severe pain on; torture 2. to inflict great mental distress on

excruciate ↔ exult exult 기뻐 날뛰다, 환희하다; (...에게) 승리하다

excruciating [ikskrúːʃièitiŋ] a.심한 고통을 주는; 맹렬한, 극도의 1. intensely painful; agonizing 2. very intense or extreme

gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B) gargantuan [ga:rgǽntjuən] 거 한, 엄청나게 큰 of immense size,

volume, or capacity; gigantic

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exculpate [ékskʌlpèit, iks- -] v.t. 무죄로 하다 : to clear of guilt or blame

exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir :: hortative : encourage (EQUAL) absolve 용서하다, 사면하다; 면제하다 hortative, hortatory 격려의, 충고의 marked by exhortation or strong

urging exhort 열심히 권하다 to urge by strong, often stirring argument,

admonition, advice, or appeal alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive sophism 궤변, 아전인수 a plausible but fallacious argument;

deceptive or fallacious argumentation exculpate ↔ inculpate, indict, attribute guilt, condemn, blame inculpate 죄를 뒤집어씌우다 to incriminate

excursive [ikskə ːrsiv] a. 벗어난; 탈선하는; 산만한 : of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of

digression digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant reiterate 되풀이하다; 지루하게 반복하다 to say or do again or

repeatedly

execrable [éksəkrəbl] adj. 혐오할, 미워할, 몹시 형편없는 1. deserving of execration; hateful 2. extremely inferior; very bad

execrable : denunciation :: execrable ↔ commendable, laudable

execrate [éksikrèit] v. 혐오하다, 저주하다 : DENOUNCE 1. to declare to be hateful or abhorrent; denounce 2. to feel loathing for; abhor

execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (EQUAL) exemplify 예증하다; 사본을 만들다

execration ↔ sanction, approbation, accolade, compliment, commendation, flattery sanction 인가/비준하다; 인정하다

execrate ↔ exalt, extol, laud, flatter, praise, hymn, eulogize, commend

execute [éksikjùːt] v.t. 실행하다, 시행하다; 사형시키다 1. to put into effect; carry out 2. to perform; do 3. to create (a work of art, for example) in accordance with

a prescribed design 4. to make valid, as by signing 5. to perform or carry out what is required by 6. to put to death, especially by carrying out a lawful

sentence impossible : execute :: adamant : move adamant 단호한 impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly

unyielding vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute :: acme : surpass vagary 엉뚱한 짓; 변덕 an extravagant or erratic notion or action

exemplary [igzémpləri] a. 본보기의, 전형의; 모방할 만한 : deserving imitation 1. worthy of imitation; commendable 2. serving as a model 3. serving as an illustration; typical 4. serving as a warning; admonitory exemplar n. 모범, 전형, 원형

emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다) obviate 예방하다, 불필요하게 하다 render unnecessary

exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard :: venerable : reverence :: venerable : deference (B의 대상은 A의(A할 만한) 성격을 지님) redoubtable 가공할, 강력한; 존경할 만한 arousing fear or awe;

worthy of respect or honor deferential 정중한, 공손한 marked by or exhibiting deference

exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt :: notable : attention specious 허울 좋은; 겉만 번드르르한

exemplary : emulate :: portable : move (A = B할 수 있는) exemplary : emulate :: redoubtable : regard exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard redoubtable 가공할, 강력한; 존경할만한

exemplar ↔ atypical example exemplary ↔ reprehensible, culpable, inferior, mediocre, atypical

exemplify [igzémpləfài] v. ∼의 예가 되다; 예증하다; 사본을 만들다 1. a. to illustrate by example b. to serve as an example of 2. (law) to make a certified copy of (a document)

execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (EQUAL) harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify harbinger 선구자; 전조, 조짐 one that indicates or foreshadows what

is to come; a forerunner presage 예감, 육감; 전조, 조짐 archetype 원형, 모범

corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify amends 변상, 보상 amend 개선/수정하다

exempt [igzémpt] v. 면제하다 : to free from an obligation, a duty, or a liability to which

others are subject exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty liability 부채, 채무

exert [igzə ːrt] v.t. 애쓰다, 발휘하다 1. to put to use or effect; put forth 2. to bring to bear; exercise 3. to put (oneself) to strenuous effort

strenuous 정력적인, 열심인; 격렬한

exhaust [igzɔ ːst] v.t. 다 써버리다, 철저히 규명하다 : USE UP infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (A = B하지 않는) discrete 분리된, 별개의; 불연속의 exhaustive 철저한, 포괄적인; 소모/고살시키는

exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B) mesmerize 최면을 걸다; 매료시키다

exhaustive : thoroughness :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님) exhausted : rest :: thirsty : imbibe exhaust ↔ invigorate

exhaustive [igzɔ :stiv] a. 철저한, 포괄적인; 소모/고갈시키는 1. treating all parts or aspects without omission; thorough 2. tending to exhaust 소모적인

exhaustive : thoroughness :: exhaustive : cursory :: (OPPOSITE) exhaustive : careful :: mesmerizing : interesting (A>>B) exhaustive ↔ incomplete, partial, limited, cursory, superficial, narrow

exhilarate [igzílərèit] v.t. 기분을 들뜨게 하다, 고무시키다 1. to cause to feel happily refreshed and energetic; elate 2. to invigorate; stimulate

exhilarate ↔ sadden soporific ↔ exhilarating

exhortation [ègzɔːrtéiʃən, èksɔːr-] n. 간곡한 권고 1. the act or an instance of exhorting 2. a speech or discourse that encourages, incites, or earnestly

advises * exhort [igzɔ :rt] v. 열심히 권하다; 훈계하다, 타이르다 : to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition,

advice, or appeal

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exhort : suggest :: goad : direct (A >> B) exhort : suggest :: persiflage : incite exhort : motivation :: warn : admonition exhortation : encourage :: hurl : insult :: prevarication : deceive hurl 세게 던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다

exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit :: obloquy : discredit invective 독설, 욕설; 저주, 악담 obloquy 오명; 비난, 욕설 abusively detractive language or utterance

didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge (가르치려는 inclined to teach : 가르치다 teach :: 설득하려는 intended to urge : 설득하다 urge)

exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite (A를 이용해서 B한다) persiflage 희롱, 놀림; 불성실 incite; to provoke an urge on

exhortative : urge :: didactic : teach exhortative : motivation :: grating : irksomeness irksome 괴롭히는, 성가신 causing annoyance, weariness, or

vexation

exhume [igzú:m|ekshjú:m] v. 파내다, 발굴하다; 부활시키다, 햇빛을 보게 하다

1. to remove from a grave; disinter 2. to bring to light, especially after a period of obscurity

exigent [éksədʒənt] 긴급한, 절박한; 야박한, 고달픈 1. requiring immediate action or remedy 2. requiring much effort or expense; demanding

exigent ↔ deferrable

exiguous [igzígjuəs, iksíg-] adj. 근소한, 적은, 빈약한 : Extremely scanty; meager.

exiguous ↔ copious

exodus [éksədəs] v.t. 탈출 : EMIGRATION : a departure of a large number of people

exodus : departure :: rally : meet (A는 B의 성격을 가짐, A는 B의 큰 규모)

exodus ↔ influx influx 유입; 쇄도, 도래 a flowing in; a mass arrival or incoming

exonerate [igzɑ nərèit / -zɔ n-] v. 무죄임을 증명하다; 면제하다 1. to clear from blame 2. to free from a responsibility, obligation, or task

exonerate : blame :: disentangle, extricate : snarl :: veto : assent snarl [sna:rl] 엉클어짐; 분규, 혼란(entanglement) veto 거부권; 금지, 부인

defend : exonerate :: (A는 B하기 위한 것) exonerate ↔ censure, inculpate, incriminate, prove guilty, indict, reprehend, sentence, condemn, prosecute, blame inculpate 죄를 뒤집어씌우다 to incriminate

incrimination ↔ exoneration

exorbitant [igzɔ ːrbətənt] a. 과 한, 터무니없는 : exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness

exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty perfidious 불성실한, 배신하는 of, relating to, or marked by perfidy;

treacherous perfidy 배신 deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust;

treachery

exotic [igzɑ tik / -zɔ t-] a. 이국적인; 색다른, 진귀한 1. from another part of the world; foreign 2. intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange

exotic ↔ indigenous indigenous 고유한, 토종인, 토착인(native)

expansive [ikspǽnsiv] a. 팽창성 있는, 발전적인; 광범위한, 다각적인; 개방적인, 관 한; 마음을 터놓는 1. capable of expanding or tending to expand 2. broad in size or extent; comprehensive

3. disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing

4. grand in scale * expand

expand : volume :: proliferate : number expand : extent :: intensify : degree expansive ↔ reserved, diffident, limited, taciturn, withdrawn diffident 자신 없는, 수줍어하는; 삼가는

expansive ↔ malicious

expedite [ékspədàit] v.t. 촉진시키다; 신속히 처리하다 a. (행동

이) 신속한, 장애 없는 1. to speed up the progress of; facilitate 2. to perform quickly and efficiently 3. to issue officially; dispatch

expedite : process :: accelerate : pace consensus : factionalism :: expedition : foot-dragging foot-dragging n. 지체, 더딤, 주저 expedite ↔ retard

expedition [èkspədíʃən] 원전, 탐험; 급속, 신속; 민활, 기민 1. a. a journey undertaken by a group of people with a

definite objective b. the group undertaking such a journey 2. speed in performance; promptness

expedition : foot dragging :: consensus : factionalism (OPPOSITE) expedition ↔ foot-dragging expeditious ↔ foot-dragging, sluggish, laggard, leisurely

expertise n. 전문적 기술/지식 1. expert advice or opinion 2. skill or knowledge in a particular area

selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur (B has A)

expiate [ékspièit] v. (죄 등을) 보상하다; 속죄하다 to make amends or reparation for; atone

expiate : guilt :: correct : error :: repose : fatigue

expire [ikspáiər] v. 기한이 다 되다; 숨을 거두다 : DIE 1. to come to an end; terminate 2. to breathe one's last breath; die 3. to exhale; breathe out

expire ↔ come to life

explicate [ékspləkèit] v. 명쾌한 설명을 하다 : to make clear the meaning of; explain

explicit [iksplísit] a. 명백한, 숨김없는 : fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication.

or ambiguity explicit ↔ obscure, immanent, inchoate immanent 내재하는 inchoate 방금 시작한, 초기의; 불완전한, 미완성의

exploit [ékspl it] n. 위업, 공적, 공훈 : an act or deed, especially a brilliant or heroic one

exploit : heroic :: gaffe : tactless

exponent [ikspóunənt] n. 해설자; 주창자, 표자 1. one that expounds or interprets 2. one that speaks for, represents, or advocates

expound 상술하다; 해설/해석하다 exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass pollster 여론 조사원 canvass 면 히 조사하다, 표를 구하다, 여론조사를 하다

exponent ↔ detractor detract (가치, 명성 등을) 줄이다, 비난(비방, 중상)하다

expound [ikspɑ und] v. 상술하다; 해설/해석하다 1. to give a detailed statement of; set forth 2. to explain in detail; elucidate

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expunge [ikspʌ ndʒ |ekspʌ ndʒ] v. 지우다, 삭제하다 1. to erase or strike out 2. to eliminate completely; annihilate * inexpungible

salesman : buy :: censor : expunge inexpungible : obliterate :: irradicable : terminate, eliminate :: untenable : defend (OPPOSITE)

inexpungible : eliminate :: ineluctable : avoid inexpungible ↔

expurgate [ékspərgèit] v. (검열하여) 삭제하다 : to remove erroneous, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise

objectionable material from (a book, for example) before publication

vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate purvey 조달하다, 납품하다 vendor 파는 사람; 행상

unexpurgated ↔ obliterated

exquisite [ékskwizit] a. 아름다운, 훌륭한; 완벽한; 우아한, 세련된 1. characterized by intricate and beautiful design or

execution 2. of such beauty or delicacy as to arouse delight 3. excellent; flawless 4. acutely perceptive or discriminating 5. intense; keen

tawdry ↔ exquisite tawdry 야한; 값싸고 번지르르한, 비속한 gaudy and cheap in

nature or appearance

extant [ekstǽnt, ékstənt] a. 현존하는 : still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct

extant ↔ extinct, lost, missing, destroyed

extemporize [ikstémpəràiz] v. 즉흥적으로 하다 : to do or perform (something) without prior preparation or

practice * extempore adv. 즉석에서 adj. 즉석의, 즉흥적인 * extemporaneous adj. 즉흥적인, 임시변통의

juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous juggernaut 거 한 파괴력이 있는 것; 불가항력 spontaneous 자동성의; 자발적인, 임의의

extemporization : rehearsal :: honesty : guilt :: voluntary : coercion (A에는 B의 속성이 없다)

extemporization : unrehearsed :: (POSITIVE) extempore : rehearsal :: voluntary : coercion extemporize : spontaneous :: pontificate : dogmatic (속성) (boast : dishonest는 오답)

extemporize ↔ follow a script, prescribe prescribe (규칙 등을) 정하다, 명하다; 규정하다, 지시하다 extemporaneous ↔ planned, scripted

extensive [iksténsiv] 넓은, 광 (광활)한, 광범위한, (지식이) 해박한, 상세한, 막 한, 단한.

1. large in extent, range, or amount 2. of or relating to the cultivation of vast areas of land with

a minimum of labor or expense insubstantial ↔ extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant insubstantial 내용없는, 약한, 상상적인, 가공의 interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive

extenuate [iksténjuèit] v.t. 경감하다, 정상을 참작하다 : MITIGATE

: to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by making partial excuses

moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness moderate to lessen the violence, severity, or extremeness of

extenuating ↔ aggravating

exterminate [ikstə ːrmənèit] v.t. 근절하다

: to get rid of by destroying completely; extirpate

extinct [ikstíŋkt] a. 멸종된; 폐지된 1. no longer existing or living 2. no longer burning or active 3. no longer in use

extinct ↔ extant, resuscitated resuscitate 되살리다, 소생시키다 to restore consciousness, vigor, or

life to extinction ↔ perpetuation

extinguish [ikstíŋgwiʃ] v.t. 끄다; (권위 등을) 잃게 하다 : QUENCH

1. to put out (a fire, for example); quench 2. to put an end to (hopes, for example); destroy 3 to obscure; eclipse 4. (law) a. to settle or discharge (a debt) b. to nullify

extinguish ↔ kindle, ignite

extol [ikstóul] v. 격찬하다 : GLORIFY : to praise highly; exalt

extol, praise lavishly ↔ censure, despise, vilify, deprecate, disparage, condemn, impugn, detract, malign, rail, deplore, impugn, excoriate, calumniate, defame, slander, asperse, castigate, decry, censure vilify 욕하다, 비방하다 to make vicious and defamatory statements

about disparage to speak of in a slighting way; belittle; to reduce in esteem or rank

impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument

malign 욕설을 하다, 해를 끼치다 to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about

calumniate ~을 중상하다

extort [ikstɔ ːrt] v.t. 강요하다, 강탈하다 : WRING : to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extort : coercion :: wheedle : cajolery

extract [ikstrǽkt] v. 뽑아내다, 얻다 extract ↔ embed hybrid ↔ of unmixed extraction

extraneous [ikstréiniəs] a. 관계없는, 이질적인, 외부에서 파생한 1. not constituting a vital element or part 2. inessential or unrelated to the topic or matter at hand;

irrelevant 3. coming from the outside

extraneous : essence :: achromatic : hue (A lack B) extraneous ↔ requisite (rational, commonplace, prohitive는 오답) extraneous ↔ essential, apposite, relevant, intrinsic apposite 적절한, 딱 들어맞는 strikingly appropriate and relevant

extravagant [ikstrǽvəgənt] a. 낭비하는, 터무니없는, 도를 지나친 1. given to lavish or imprudent expenditure 2. exceeding reasonable bounds 3. extremely abundant; profuse 4. unreasonably high; exorbitant

rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue antiestablishment 반체제의 undue 적절하지 않은, 어울리지 않는; 지나친, 과도한; 지급 기한이

되지 않은 extravagance : expenditure :: loquaciousness : talk frugality ↔ extravagancy, extravagance extravagant ↔ parsimonious thrift ↔ extravagance

extricate [ékstrəkèit] v. (난국에서) 구출하다 :to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty;

disengage * extricable a.

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extricate ↔ enmesh, entangle, embroil embroil (분쟁, 전쟁 등에) 끌어들이다, (사태를) 혼란시키다 extricable ↔ entangled

extrinsic [ekstrínsik] a. 본질적이 아닌, 부 적인; 외부의 1. not forming an essential or inherent part of a thing;

extraneous 2. originating from the outside; external

extrinsic ↔ intrinsic, immanent, inherent, ingrained, elemental, innate immanent 속에 있는, 내재하는

ingrained ↔ easily to change, extrinsic ingrained 깊이 배어든, 뿌리 깊은; 천성의, 타고난

extrovert [ékstrouvə ːrt] n. 외향적인 사람 extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting

exuberant [igzúːbərənt] a. (기쁨, 활력, 애정 등이)풍부한, 원기 왕성한, 열광적인

1. full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy 2. lavish; extravagant 3. extreme in degree, size, or extent 4. growing, producing, or produced abundantly; plentiful

exuberant : happy :: soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: frigid : cool (A >> B)

exuberant ↔ depressed, down, unexcited ennui ↔ exuberance ennui [á:nwi] 권태감, 지루함, 울적함

exude [igzúːd, iksúːd] v. 스며 나오다 : to ooze forth

exude ↔ absorb, take in

exultant [igzʌ ltənt] a. 크게 기뻐하는 : JUBILANT : marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant

exult : satisfaction :: crave : longing exult 기뻐 날뛰다, 환희하다 to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or

triumphant exultant ↔ abject, crestfallen, dejected, lugubrious abject 굴욕적인, 비참한; 상스러운; 노예근성의, 비굴한 exultation ↔ lamentation

F fable [féibəl] n. 우화

: a usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings

edify 교화하다, 덕성을 함양하다 fable : tale :: ditty : song ditty 짧은 노래, 또는 그 가사 a simple song

fabricate [fǽbrikèit] v.t. 제작하다, 조립하다; 조작하다 1. to make; create 2. to construct by combining or assembling diverse,

typically standardized parts 3. to concoct in order to deception

discompose : pacific, placid :: fabricate : authentic (OPPOSITE) discompose 혼란시키다, 어지럽히다

irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는; 순진한

fabricate ↔ annihilate, destroy (제작하다, 조립하다) fabricate ↔ tell the truth, be authentic, be genuine fabrication ↔ true story

façade (건물의) 앞면, (사물의) 표면, 외관; 겉치레

façade ↔ nature 본질, 진실 façade ↔ essence

facetious [fəsíːʃəs] a. 진지하지 않은, 우스운, 경박한 : WAGGISH

: playfully jocular; humorous facetious : speech :: antic : behavior antic 과상한 짓거리, 웃기는 행동 a ludicrous or extravagant act or

gesture facetious ↔ earnest, lugubrious, ingenuous lugubrious (과장되게) 슬퍼하는, 울적한

facile [fǽsil] a. 손쉬운, 피상적인 : SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL

facile [fǽsil / fǽsail] 경쾌한, 수월한, 능란한; 피상적인, 경박한 1. done or achieved with little effort or difficulty; easy 2. working, acting, or speaking with effortless ease and

fluency 3. arrived at without due care, effort, or examination;

superficial 4. readily manifested, together with an aura of insincerity

and lack of depth facile ↔ arduous, profound

facilitate [fəsílətèit] v.t. 용이하게 하다; 촉진하다 : to make easy or easier

facilitate ↔ impede, hamper, obstruct, thwart hamper 방해하다, 훼방 놓다 to prevent the free movement, action, or

progress of thwart 방해하다, 훼방 놓다(hinder)

faction [fǽkʃən] n. 파당 : CLIQUE 1. a group of persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious

minority within a large group 2. conflict within an organization or nation; internal

expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion (OPPOSITE)

law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism (A prevent B, B lack A) factional ↔ disinterested, ecumenical disinterested 1. free of bias and self-interest; impartial 2. a. not interested; indifferent b. having lost interest ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인

factionalism ↔ cohesion, concensus 동의 cohesion [kouhí:ʒən] 결합; 유 , 단결

faction ↔ unity, disinterestedness factious ↔ cooperative

factitious [fæktí∫əs] a. 억지로 하는, 꾸민, 인공적인; 가짜의 1. produced artificially rather than by a natural process 2. lacking authenticity or genuineness; sham

factor to figure in 상을 구성 요소로 나누거나 원인을 알아냄 factorable ↔ irreducible

fade [feid] v. 희미해지다 : To lose brightness, loudness, or brilliance gradually; dim

faddish [fæ diʃ] adj. 일시적으로 유행하는 1. Having the nature of a fad. 2. Given to fads.

faddish ↔ classic classic 의미 중에 : a. Belonging to the highest rank or class. b. Serving as the established model or standard: a classic example of colonial architecture. c. Having lasting significance or worth; enduring.

fail-safe [féilsèif] a. 안전장치의; 2중 안전장치를 장비한 1. capable of compensating automatically and safely for a

failure, as of a mechanism or power source

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2. acting to discontinue a military attack on the occurrence of any of a variety of predetermined

conditions 3. guaranteed not to fail

fail-safe : malfunction :: precarious : stabilize (A prevent B)

failing [féiliŋ] n. 실패; 사소한 실수 1. the act of a person or thing that fails; a failure 2. a minor fault

quibble : failing :: rift : breach quibble 트집 잡기 a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection

faint [feint] a. 희미한, 활기 없는 : lacking strength or vigor; performed, offered, or

accomplished weakly or languidly stentorian ↔ faint stentorian (목소리가) 매우 큰 extremely loud

faint-hearted [feinthɑ ːrtid] a. 소심한, 겁 많은 : TIMID :deficient in conviction or courage; timid

fallacious [fəléi∫əs] a. 거짓의, 허위의; 잘못된, 불합리한 1. containing or based on a fallacy 2. tending to mislead; deceptive

fallacious ↔ sound, valid, veracious, verifiable, veritable veracious 1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise veritable; being truly so called; real or genuine

fallacy [fǽləsi] n. 그릇된 생각, 궤변 1. a false notion 2. a statement or an argument based on a false or an

invalid inference 3. incorrectness or reasoning or belief; erroneousness 4. the quality of being deceptive

disabuse : fallacy, miscomprehension :: cure : disease disabuse (오해를) 풀어주다 to free from a falsehood or

misconception fallacy ↔ valid argument, valid reasoning, verity fallacious ↔ verifiable, veritable, sound, valid, veracious veritable being truly so called; real or genuine verifiable possible to verify veracious 진실을 말하는, 정직한; 정확한

fallibility ↔ inerrancy fallible 잘못을 저지르기 쉬운; 틀리기 쉬운 inerrancy freedom from error or untruths; infallibility

fallow [fǽlou] a. (논밭이) 경작하지 않은; 실행에 옮겨지지 않은 1. plowed but left unseeded during a growing season 2. characterized by inactivity

fallow ↔ in use

falsehood [fɔ ːlshùd] n. 허위 corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood corroborate 확증하다 to strengthen or support with other evidence;

make more certain calumniate 중상하다, 비방하다 to make maliciously or knowingly

false statements about

falter [fɔ ːltər] v.t. 비틀거리다, (말을) 더듬다; 주저하다, 머뭇거리다 1. to be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of

courage or confidence; waver 2. to speak hesitatingly; stammer 3. a. to move ineptly or haltingly; stumble b. to operate or

perform unsteadily or with a loss of effectiveness falter : act :: stammer : speak falter ↔ proceed without hesitation

fantasy [fǽntəsi, -zi] n. 공상, 환상

nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (EQUAL) nicety 정확성, 정 성; 미묘한 점

fanatic [fənǽtik] n. 광신자 : a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning

enthusiasm, as for a cause fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B) fanatic : enthusiastic :: obstinate : firm :: imperious : authoritative fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B) prude 고상한 체하는 사람

fang [fæŋ] n. (늑 , 개 등의) 엄니 fang : tooth :: finger : digit

fantasy [fǽntəsi] n. 환상, 공상 illusion : fantasy :: nicety : precision (EQUAL)

far-fetched [fɑːrfétʃt] a. 억지로 갖다 붙인 : IMPROBABLE : not readily believable because of improbable elements

therein far-fetched ↔ natural

farce [fɑːrs] n. 익살 광 극 * farcical 소극의, 익살스런, 바보스런

farce : performance :: limerick : poem farce 광 극; 익살, 우스개 limerick 5행 희시(戱詩)

farcical ↔ serious

fascinate [fǽsənèit] v.t. 매혹하다 1. to hold an intense interest or attraction for 2. to hold motionless; spellbind

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B) enchant : fascinate :: fascination ↔ disinterest, repulsion, aversion fascinated ↔ indifferent fascinating ↔ repellent repellent a. 기분 나쁜, 불쾌한

fast [fæst, fɑːst] n. 단식 a. 빠른; 고정된, 단단한 Firmly fixed or fastened: a fast grip.

fast : eat, eating :: respite : labor :: moratorium : activity, act : brake : speed (A는 B를 ↓) respite (일, 고통 등의) 일시적 중단, 휴식; 유예 a usually short

interval of rest or relief moratorium (적 관계, 위험활동의) 일시 정지 A suspension of an

ongoing or planned activity: a moratorium on the deployment of a new weapon. fast : consumption :: moratorium : activity :: repose : work :: repose : labor

fast ↔ loosely attach secure ↔ unfasten fast ↔ not to be fixed

fasten [fǽsn, fɑ ːsn] v.t. 단단히 고정시키다; 잠그다 1. to attach firmly to something else, as by pinning or nailing 2. a. to make fast or secure b. to close, as by fixing firmly in

place 3. to fix or direct steadily 4. to place; attribute 5. to impose (oneself) without welcome

lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten (A = B하는 도구) lathe [leið] 금속을 갈고 도려내는 데 쓰는 공작기계 clasp 걸쇠, 죔쇠; 악수, 포옹

fastidious [fæstídiəs, fəs-] a. 까다로운, 세심한 주의가 필요한 1. possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to

detail 2. difficult to please; exacting 3. excessively scrupulous or sensitive, especially in matters

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of taste or propriety devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) dapper : fastidious :: (A << B) dapper 깔끔한, 단정한; 맵시 있는

fastidious ↔ easygoing, cursory, uncritical, coarse, indiscriminate, lenient, undemanding, sloppy, uncouth, slovenly cursory 겉핥기의, 엉성한, 피상적인 performed with haste and scant

attention to detail fastidiousness ↔ carelessness, slovenliness

fastness [fǽstnis|fɑ :st-] n. 요새, 보루; (빠름, 신속; 고정, 안정) 1. the condition or quality of being fast, especially: a.

firmness; security b. rapidity; swiftness 2. the quality or condition of color retention; colorfastness 3. a. a secure or fortified place; a stronghold b. a remote,

secret place colorfast 바래지 않는 having color that will not run or fade with

washing or wear fastness ↔ unsecured place, deliberate action

fateful [féitfəl] a. 결정적으로 중요한; 치명적인 : involving momentous consequences

fateful ↔ inconsequential consequential 결과로 일어나는; 중요한; 젠체하는

fathom [fǽðəm] v. 수심을 재다; 간파하다 1. to determine the depth of; sound 2. to penetrate to the meaning or nature of; comprehend

recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect erudite 박식한, 학식 있는 characterized by erudition; learned oblivious 잘 잊는; 염두에 두지 않는

comprehensible : fathom :: uninformative : fathom :: (A하면 B하기 힘들다.) fathom ↔ find impenetrable measurable ↔ unfathomable fathom ↔ confuse, be unaware of, misunderstand occult ↔ bare, patent, readily fathomable occult 신비한, 불가사의한; 비전의 patent 특허의; 명백한, 확실한

fatigue [fətíːg] n. 피로 * indefatigable 지칠 줄 모르는, 끈기 있는

fatigue : repose, rest :: dehydration : water fatigue : repose :: guilt : expiation expiate (죄 등을) 보상하다, 속죄하다 to make amends or

reparation for; atone atone 벌충하다, 보상하다 to make amends, as for a sin or fault repose 휴식; 침착, 평정

fatigue : tireless :: guile : naïve fatigue ↔ energetic indefatigable ↔ soon tired indefatigable [ìndifǽtəgəbl] 지칠 줄 모르는, 끈기 있는 tireless

fatuous [fǽtʃuəs] a. 얼빠진, 바보의 : SILLY 1. vacuously, smugly, and unconsciously foolish 2. delusive; unreal

fatuous ↔ acute, astute, sagacious, sensible, judicious, prudent astute 통찰력 있는, 날카로운

fatuity ↔ sagacity fatuousness ↔ sensibleness

faultfinder [fó:ltf`aində:r] n. 잔소리꾼 : one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint

faultfinder : criticize :: arbitrator : mediate

favor [féivər] n. 친절, v. 은혜를 배풀다. 1. A gracious, friendly, or obliging act that is freely granted 2. To perform a kindness or service for; oblige

favor ↔ tease(괴롭히다), thwart, hurt, impede, prevent, criticize favor ↔ derogation, hinder, dislike, object to

favorable a. 1. advantageous; helpful 2. encouraging; propitious 3. manifesting approval; commendatory 4. winning approval; pleasing 5. granting what has been desired or requested 6. indulgent or partial

favorable ↔ untoward untoward 형편이 나쁜, 불리한; 적당치 못한(improper)

favoritism [féivəritìzəm] n. 편애, 편들기 1. A display of partiality toward a favored person or group. 2. The state of being held in special favor. nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud embezzlement : fraud :: cronyism : favoritism

fawn [fɔːn] v. 알랑거리다 n. 새끼 사슴 1. to exhibit affection or attempt to please, as a dog does by

wagging its tail, whining, or cringing 2. to seek favor or attention by flattery and obsequious

behavior condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;

fawning imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger depreciatory 얕보는, 경멸적인 diminishing in value; disparaging;

belittling swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다

fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger :: elaborate : sketchy hauteur [hóutə:r] 거만, 오만 haughtiness in bearing and attitude;

arrogance fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: miser : hoard obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield :: condescending : patronize parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory 지엄한, 단호한; 위압적인

reprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn reprobate 불량배 a morally unprincipled person 비난하다 misbehave to behave badly

eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B)

faze [feiz] v.t. 당황케 하다, 풀 죽게 하다 : DISCONCERT, DAUNT

: to disrupt the composure of; disconcert embolden ↔ abash, faze, cow fazed ↔ undisturbed

fealty [fí:əlti] n. 충성, 충실, 성실 fealty ↔ perfidy

feasible [f í:zəbl] adj. 실행할 수 있는, 실현 가능한, ~에 알맞은 feasible ↔ impossible

featureless [fí:t∫ərlis] adj. 특색이 없는, 재미없는, 단조로운 featureless ↔ distinctive, exceptional, prominent, singular, discernable

feckless [féklis] a. 쓸모없는, 무능한, 무책임한 : WEAK, INEFFECTIVE

1. lacking purpose or vitality; feeble or ineffective 2. careless and irresponsible

feckless ↔ responsible (feckless ↔ responsive는 오답!)

fecund [fíːkənd, fék-] a. 다산의; 창조성이 있는 : PROLIFIC, FERTILE

1. capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful 2. marked by intellectual productivity

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* infecund fecund ↔ barren, unproductive, short, meager fecundity ↔ aridity infecund ↔ prolific, productive, effective

feeble [fíːbəl] a. 연약한; 약한, 희미한; (효과가) 부족한 1. a. lacking strength; weak b. indicating weakness 2. lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; inadequate

feeble : strength :: disquiet : composure feeble ↔ active, hale, hardy, vigorous forceful ↔ feeble (deferential은 오답)

feign [fein] v. 가장하다, ...인 체하다; 위조하다, 조작하다 1. a. to give a false appearance of b. to represent falsely;

pretend to 2. to imitate so as to deceive 3. to fabricate 조작하다

virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre 보통의, 평범한 moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary impostor 사기꾼 one who engages in deception under an assumed

name or identity feigned ↔ plain spoken, genuine

feisty [fáisti] adj. 성마른, 의욕이 넘치는 1. touchy; quarrelsome 2. full of spirit or pluck; frisky or spunky

felicity [filísəti] n. 행복 1. Great happiness; bliss. 2. An instance of great happiness.

felicity ↔ misery

fender [féndər] n. (자동차 등의) 흙받이; 완충 장치; (난로 등의) 보호막

1. a. a guard over each wheel of a motor vehicle, for example, that is shaped and positioned so as to block the splashing of water or mud b. a device at the front end of a locomotive or streetcar designed to push aside obstructions

2. a cushioning device, such as a bundle of rope or a piece of timber, used on the side of a vessel or dock to absorb impact or friction

3. a screen or metal framework placed in front of a ireplace to keep hot coals and debris from falling out

fender : collision ::

feral [fíərəl] a. 야생의; 야성의 : WILD 1. a. existing in a wild or untamed state b. having returned

to an untamed state from domestication 2. of or suggestive of a wild animal; savage

wilderness : feral :: (CHARACTER) feral ↔ cultivated, domesticated

ferocious [fəróu∫əs] a. 사나운, 포악한, 잔인한 * ferocity n. 잔인, 포악성 the state or quality of being

ferocious * ferocious a. 사나운, 포악한, 잔인한

ferocity ↔ meekness

ferment [fə ːrment] v. n. 효소, 효모; 불안, 동요(하다) : AGITATION

: a state of unrest 1. something, such as a yeast, a bacterium, a mold, or an

enzyme, that causes fermentation 2. fermentation 3. a. a state of agitation or of turbulent change or

development b. an agent that precipitates or is capable of precipitating such a state

ferment ↔ tranquility

ferrous [férəs] a. 철의, 철을 함유한 ferrous ↔ containing no iron aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron (물의 : 물 :: 철의 : 철)

fertilize [fə ːrtəlàiz] v.t. 비옥하게 하다 fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist glue : seal :: manure : fertilize manure 거름, 비료

fervent [fə :r:v:ənt] a. 열심인, 열의 있는; 뜨거운, 불타는 1. having or showing great emotion or zeal; ardent 2. extremely hot; glowing

fervent ↔ dispassionate, languid

fervid [fə ːrvid] a. 열정적인 1. marked by great passion or zeal 2. extremely hot; burning

fervid ↔ restrained, impassive

fervor [fə ːrvər] n. 열정 1. great warmth and intensity of emotion 2. intense heat

ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE) fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift :: doubt : skeptic improvident 절약하지 않는; 경솔한 not providing for the future;

thriftless fervor, effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid zealotry ↔ lack of fervor fervor, favor ↔ indifference, apathy

fester [féstə:r] v. (상처가) 곪다; 부패하다; 마음이 아프다 fester ↔ heal

fetid [fétid, fíːtid] a. 악취가 나는 : having a heavy offensive smell

fetid : smell :: grating : sound :: ugly : appearance :: cacophonous :: discordant : sound

fetid : odor :: sentimental : feeling (DEFECTIVE) fetid ↔ having a pleasant smell

fetching [fét∫iŋ] a. 매력적인, 마음을 사로잡는 fetching ↔ unattractive

fetter [fétər] n. 차꼬; 속박, 제약 v. ~에게 차꼬를 채우다 ~를 속박, 구속하다

명사 1. a chain or shackle for the angles or feet 2. something that serves to restrict; a restraint 동사 1. To put fetters on; shackle. 2. To restrict the freedom of.

enfranchise, liberate ↔ enfetter enfranchise 참정권을 주다; (노예 등을) 해방하다

liberalistic ↔ enfetterist fetter ↔ release, loose, set free, free, let go, unfasten, emancipate management ↔ unfettered liberty

feudal [fjú:dəl] a. 봉건 시 의, 중세의 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of feudalism(봉건 제도) 2. of or elating to lands held in fee or to the holding of such

lands

fiasco [fiǽskou] n. 실패 : a complete failure

fiasco ↔ a notable success, eclat, unalloyed success éclat [eiklá:] 화려함, 빛남; 갈채, 환호

fickle [fíkəl] a. 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운; 애정에 진심이 없는, 마

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음이 잘 변하는 characterized by erratic changeableness or instability,

especially with regard to affections or attachments; capricious

fickle : constancy :: naive : sophistication fickle ↔ constant, invariable, firm fickleness ↔ steadfastness

fictitious [fiktíʃəs] a. 허구의 : IMAGINARY 1. of, relating to, or characterized by fiction; imaginary 2. a. accepted or assumed for the sake of convention b.

adopted or assumed in order to deceive 3. not genuinely believed or felt; sham

fictitious ↔ factual, authentic, genuine

fidelity [fidéləti, fai-] n. 충실, 충성 1. faithfulness to obligations, duties, or observances 2. exact correspondence with fact or with a given quality,

condition, or event; accuracy respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity, perfidiousness (OPPOSITE) baseness the quality or state of being contemptible, mean-spirited, or

selfish fidelity ↔ apostasy, perfidy apostasy 배교; 변절

fidget [fídʒit] v. 안절부절못하다, 초조해하다 n. 안달하는 상태 1. to behave or move nervously or restlessly 2. to play or fuss; fiddle

fidget : nervousness :: cringe : dread cringe 움츠리다; 굽실거리다, 아첨하다

figurative [fígjərətiv] a. 비유적인 : EMBLEMATIC 1. a. based on or making use of figures of speech;

metaphorical b. containing many figures of speech; ornate

2. represented by a figure or resemblance; symbolic or emblematic

3. of or relating to artistic representation by means of animal or human figures

figurative ↔ literal

figurine [fìgjurí:n.] n. 작은 입상 : a small molded or sculptured figure; a statuette

figurine : status :: twig : branch :: vestige : remainder

filibuster [fíləbʌ stər] n. 의사진행방해 : the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged

speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative action

filibuster : delay :: hoax : deceive filibuster : delay :: prevarication : deceive hoax 가벼운 장난, 짓궂은 장난; 남을 속이기 위한 것

filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce blockade 봉쇄, 폐쇄

filibuster : delay :: anodyne : relieve anodyne 진통제, 진정제

filigree [fíləgrìː] n. 매우 섬세(정교, 우아)한 것(무늬) : an intricate, delicate, or fanciful ornamentation

chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro [kià:rəskjúərou] (그림에서의) 명암 배분 tapestry 복잡한 무늬를 놓은 양탄자

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy, intricacy filigree : wire :: lace : thread

filing [fɑ iliŋ] n. 줄로 다듬기 filing : metal :: shaving : wood

filly [fíli] n. 암 망아지 : a young female horse

filly : horse :: pullet : chicken pullet 어린 암탉

filter [fíltər] n. 여과기 winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter

filthy [filθi] a. 더러운, 불결한, 부도덕한, 상스러운, 추잡한 filthiness : pristine :: (OPPOSITE)

finale [finǽli] n. 마지막 연주곡목; 미 finale ↔ beginning, genesis, inception, initiation, opening scene, origin, prologue, rise, root, source, start genesis 기원; 창세기 the coming into being of something; the origin inception 처음, 개시 the beginning of something, such as an

undertaking; a commencement

finch [fintʃ] 되새류의 새 [콩새, 멋쟁이새 등] finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: lizard : reptile :: orange : fruit :: eagle : bird :: firefly : insect (A는 B의 종류) aspen 버드나뭇과의 나무 (당버들, 사시나무 등)

finesse [finés] n. 솜씨, 술책 1. refinement and delicacy of performance, execution, or

artisanship 2. skillful, subtle handling of a situation; tactful, diplomatic

maneuvering gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (OPPOSITE) gauche [gouʃ] 버릇없는, 무뚝뚝한; 미숙한, 서투른

finesse ↔ ineptitude, heavy-handedness inept 적합하지 않은, 서투른; 어리석은

finicky [fíniki] a. (음식, 옷 등에) 까다로운, 몹시 신경을 쓰는, 집착이 강한

insisting capriciously on getting just what one wants; difficult to please; fastidious

예; A finicky eater meticulous : finicky :: fluent : glib finicky ↔ undiscriminating undiscriminating 1. Lacking sensitivity, taste, or judgment. 2. Indiscriminate.

fir [fə:r] n. 전나무 fir : tree :: wool : fiber (A는 B의 종류) (lawn : grass는 오답)

fiscal [fískəl] adj. 국고의, 재무의 fiscal : finance :: pedagogical : teaching (political : law는 오답)

fissure [fí∫ər] n. 균열, 분열, 불일치, 갈라짐, v. 갈라지(게하)다 fissure ↔ unity

fit [fit] 알맞은, 적합한 fit ↔ inappropriate

fitful [fítfəl] a. 발작적인, 단속적인, 자주 중단되는; (성격이) 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운

: occurring in or characterized by intermittent bursts, as of activity; irregular ; periodic

fitful ↔ continuous, constant, stable, steady, equable, appropriate, decide, enduring

fitful : irregularity :: passive : inaction fitful : discontinuity :: everlasting : permanence

fixed [fikst] a. 고정적인, 확고한, 고집하는 1. firmly in position; stationary 2. determined; established; set 3. not subject to change or variation; constant

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illegible : read :: fixed : move freeze : fixed :: soil : unclean (굳어지다 : 굳어진 :: 더럽히다 : 더러운)

fixed ↔ mobile, vagrant, adjustable, broken, damaged fixed ↔ adjustable, flexible, conditional, equivocal, adaptable

flabby [flǽbi] adj. (근육이) 축 늘어진, 무기력한, 연약한 flabby ↔ firm

flaccid [flǽksid] a. 축 늘어진, 연약한; 무기력한 ; FLABBY, FLOPPY, FLAGGING

1. lacking firmness, resilience, or muscle tone 2. lacking vigor or energy

flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (OPPOSITE) durable 내구력이 있는, 튼튼한 weary 피곤한, 지친; 싫증난, 지긋지긋한

flaccidity ↔ firmness

flag [flæg] v.축 늘어지다, 시들다, 쇠약해지다, (흥미가) 없어지다 1. to hang limply; droop 2. to decline in vigor or strength 3. to decline in interest

flag : country :: trademark : company flag : vigor :: waver : resolution banner : flag :: (A is a kind of B) flag ↔ wax wax 커지다, 증 하다, (해, 달 등이) 차다

flagging [flǽgiŋ] a. 축 늘어진, 쇠퇴하는 : LANGUID, WEAK 1. declining; weakening 2. languid; drooping

languid 늘어진, 나른한, 맥없는; 흥미 없는, 의욕이 없는 flagging ↔ growing vigorously, thriving, vibrant, vivacious, hale(0706) vibrant 원기 왕성한, 정열적인; 진동하는 vigorous, lively, and vital

unflagging ↔ fading

flagrant [fléigrənt] adj. (거짓, 잘못 등이) 현저하게 눈에 띄는,명백한; 악명높은, 파렴치한

1. Conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible 2. Obsolete Flaming; blazing.

flagrant ↔ hidden, concealed, obscure, subtle

flam [flæm] n. 거짓, 사기 1. a lie or hoax; a deception 2. nonsense; drivel

flam ↔ true story

flamboyant [flæmbɔ iənt] a. 화려한, 현란한; showy 1 highly elaborate; ornate 2. richly colored; resplendent 3. marked by striking audacity or verve 4. given to ostentatious display; showy

furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve flamboyant ↔ modest, restrained, plain, humble, understated, subdued (1순위) understated; exhibiting restrained good taste subdued (색, 빛, 목소리 등이) 완화된, 억제된

flamboyant ↔ natural (2순위)

flange [flændʒ] n. 플랜지; (차바퀴의) 불룩한 테두리 : a protruding rim, edge, rib, or collar, as on a wheel or a

pipe shaft, used to strengthen an object, hold it in place, or attach it to another object

flannel [flǽnl] n. 플란넬 천 [모 또는 면과 모의 혼방]; (pl.) 플란넬 의류

flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal linen 아마포, 린네르; (집합적) 린네르 제품

flatter [flǽtər] v.t. 아첨하다

: to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to win favor

flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness (A >> B) loquacious; very talkative; garrulous talkative; marked by or having a disposition to talk garrulous; given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk;

tiresomely talkative sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion 강요, 강탈; (직권 남용에 의한) 강요 extort; to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation

toady : flatter :: extortionist : intimidation :: querulous person : complain toady 아첨꾼 a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving

reasons; a sycophant sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation sabbatical 안식일의; 휴식의 infatuation 심취, 반함; 열중하게 하는 것/사람

castigate, excoriate, invective ↔ flatter

flaunt [fl :nt] v. 거드름피우다, 과시하다 to exhibit ostentatiously or shamelessly

flaunt : exhibit ::

flaw [flɔː] n. 흠, v. 흠집이 생기다, 금을 생기게 하다 1. an imperfection, often concealed, that impairs soundness 2. a defect or shortcoming in something intangible 3. a defect in a legal document that can render it invalid

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch 사소한 결함 a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem

impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE) impeccable 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는 having no flaws; perfect ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는; 순진한, 꾸밈없는

flawed ↔ impeccable

flax [flæks] n. 아마 섬유 clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (A = B의 재료)

fledge [fledʒ] v.t.(새 새끼를)기르다; (화살에)깃을 달다; 털로 덮다 1. to take care of (a young bird) until it is ready to fly 2. to cover with or as if with feathers 3. to provide (an arrow) with feathers * fledgling n. 어린 새, 풋내기 adj. young, new, or

inexperienced * fledged a. 날 수 있게 된, 어른이 된 * full-fledged

fledge ↔ molt molt 털갈이 하다, 허물을 벗다

fledgling ↔ experienced practitioner(명), mature(형) full-fledged ↔ defective full-fledged ↔ incipient, nascent

flee [fli:] v. 달아나다; 재빨리 움직이다 1. to run away, as from trouble or danger 2. to pass swiftly away; vanish

flee ↔ plod

fleeting [flíːtiŋ] a. 순식간의, 덧없는 : passing quickly; ephemeral

fleeting : pass :: perennial ↔ fleeting perennial 영구적인, 반복하는; 연중 끊이지 않는

flexible [fléksəbəl] a. 휘기 쉬운s; 나긋나긋한, 융통성 있는 : PLIANT, TRACTABLE

1. a. capable of being bent or flexed; pliable b. capable of being bent repeatedly without injury or

damage 2. susceptible to influence or persuasion; tractable 3. responsive to change; adaptable * inflexible adj. 구부러지지 않는, 구부릴 수 없는, 경직한

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inflexible : alteration :: adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty (EQUAL) limber 쉽게 휘는, 유연한 spindly 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a way that

suggests weakness frail 허약한, 무른; 의지가 약한

static : moving :: pliable : inflexible (OPPOSITE) flexibility : spinelessness :: courage : daredevilry, foolhardiness (A << B) spineless 가시가 없는; 등뼈가 없는, 흐느적거리는; 나약한 lacking

courage or willpower daredevil recklessly bold calcification ↔ flexibility flexible ↔ mulish

flighty [fláiti] a. 변덕스러운, 엉뚱한 1. a. given to capricious or unstable behavior b.

characterized by irresponsible or silly behavior 2. easily excited; skittish

sedate ↔ flighty, roil sedate 진정시키다

flicker [flíkər] v. 차츰 꺼지다 : to move irregularly or unsteadily : FLUTTER

flicker ↔ shine steadily

flimsy [flímzi] a. 부서지기 쉬운, 약한, (근거, 이론, 주장 등이) 박약한, 설득력 없는, 불충분한

light, thin, and insubstantial / lacking solidity or strength / lacking plausibility d

flimsy ↔ substantial, plausible, convincing substantial 강한, 튼튼한

flinch [flintʃ] v. 움찔하다, 뒤로 물려 삼가다 1. to start or wince involuntarily, as from surprise or pain 2. to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficult;

shrink grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grisly 소름끼치는; 으스스한 inspiring repugnance; gruesome droll 까부는, 우스꽝스러운 amusingly odd or whimsically comical

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch (명 : 동, A → B) solicitude 염려, 걱정 care or concern, as for the well-being of

another

flint [flint] n. 부싯돌; 아주 단단한 것; 냉혹한 것 pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark pestle 막자, 절굿공이 → mortar

flippant [flípənt] a. 경박한, 무례한 : marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert

pert 뻔뻔스러운, 주제넘은, 건방진 flippant : respect, sincerity :: nonchalant : concern nonchalant 무관심한, 냉담한; 냉정한, 무심한 seeming to be coolly

unconcerned or indifferent flip : respect :: nonchalant : concern (A=B가 없는) flippancy ↔ seriousness, gravity, sobriety, austerity, solemnity sobriety [səbráiəti] 절주, 금주; 근엄, 엄숙

flippant ↔ reverential, earnest, grave, serious

flirt [fləːrt] n. 바람둥이 여자 v. 장난삼아 연애하다 (n.) v. 1. to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures 2. to deal playfully, triflingly, or superficially with 3. to move abruptly or jerkily

flirt : decency :: decency 고상함, 예의바름; 체면, 체모

supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious (탄원자 : 탄원하는 :: 바람난 여자 : 바람난)

flit [flit] v. 휙 움직이다

1. to move about rapidly and nimbly 2. to move quickly from one condition or location to another

nimble 날렵한, 민첩한; 눈치 빠른, 재치 있는 flit : move :: blurt : utter blurt 불쑥 말하다 to utter suddenly and impulsively

flit ↔ plod, move ponderously, trudge plod 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다; 꾸준히 해나가다

flock [flɑk / flɔk] n. 짐승의 떼 [양, 염소, 새의 무리] clique, coterie : intimates :: flock : sheep herd : animals :: flock : birds flock ↔ segregate segregate 분리/격리하다; (인종 등을) 차별하다

floppy [flɑ pi|flɔ pi] a. (의복 등이) 펄럭이는, (문체 등이) 짜임새 없는, 산만한

tending to flop; loose and flexible; LIMP floppy ↔ taut, inflexible

florid [flɔ (:)rid] a. 혈색이 좋은, 장밋빛의; 화려한, 현란한 1. flushed with rosy color; ruddy 2. very ornate; flowery

florid ↔ solemn

flounder [fláundər] vi. 허둥 다 1. to make clumsy attempts to move or regain one's balance 2. to move or act clumsily and in confusion

flounder : process :: flounder ↔ slide, act gracefully, move gracefully slide to move over a surface while maintaining smooth, continuous

contact flounder ↔ move nimbly nimble : 재빠른, 날렵한, 민첩한

flourish [flə ːriʃ, flʌ riʃ] vi. 번창하다 : THRIVE, 장식문자를 쓰다, 미사여구를 구사하다 n. 자랑삼아 보이기

1. to grow well or luxuriantly; thrive 2. to do or fare well; prosper 3. to be in a period of highest productivity, excellence, or

influence 4. to make bold, sweeping movements : to wield, wave, or exhibit dramatically 명사 1. an embellishment or ornamentation: signed her name with

a distinctive flourish; a long speech with many rhetorical flourishes

2. n ostentatious act or gesture: a flourish of generosity flourish ↔ wither, waste away, wilt, lose out flourish ↔ lack of embellishment

flout [flaut] v. (사람, 권위, 조언 등을) 경멸하다, 비웃다 : to show contempt for; scorn 예; flout a teacher’s advice 선생님의 충고를 비웃다

flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) taunt 비웃다, 악담을 퍼붓다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or

contemptuous manner flout ↔ heed, flatter, praise, compliment, comply

fluctuate [flʌ ktʃuèit] vi. 동요하다 1. to vary irregularly 2. to rise and fall in or as if in waves

pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation pristine 원시 상태의; 순박한, 오염되지 않은

partial : equalize :: constant : fluctuate (OPPOSITE) fluctuate ↔ remain steady, stabilize fluctuation ↔ invariance

fluent [flúːənt] a. 유창한 : POLISHED 1. a. able to express oneself readily and effortlessly b.

flowing effortlessly; polished

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2. flowing or moving smoothly; graceful 3. flowing or capable of flowing; fluid

fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky glib 입심좋은, 지껄이는 finicky 지나치게 까다로운, 몹시 신경을 쓰는

fluent ↔ halting

fluke [fluːk] n. 뜻밖의 행운, 요행 1. a stroke of luck 2. a chance occurrence; an accident

fluke ↔ predicted/expected occurrence

flurry [flə ːri, flʌ ri] n. 일진광풍 : a gust of wind, a brief light snowfall

flush [flʌʃ] v. (얼굴, 뺨을) 상기시키다; 왈칵 물을 흘리다, 한꺼

번에 쏟다 1. to turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong

emotion; blush 2. to glow, especially with a reddish color 3. to flow and spread suddenly and abundantly, as from

containment; flood 4. to be emptied or cleaned by a rapid flow of water, as a

toilet galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush irrigate 관개하다, 물을 다; 비옥하게 하다

fluster [flʌ stəːr] v. 당황케 하다 : to make or become nervous or upset

flustered ↔ calm

fluvial [flúːviəl] a. 하천의; 하류(河流) 작용으로 생긴 1. of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream 2. produced by the action of a river or stream

fluvial : river :: sidereal : star :: arboreal : tree :: sylvan : forest :: terrestrial : earth (aerial : star는 오답) sidereal 항성의, 별의 sylvan 숲의, 수목으로 이루어진; 숲의 요정

flux n. 흐름, 유동 v. 유동체로 하다, 유출하다, 유동하다, FLOW flux ↔ stability, solidity, stasis

focus [fóukəs] v. 초점에 모으다, 관심을 ~에 집중시키다, 주의를 집

중하다 focus ↔ radiate

foible [fɔ ib-əl] n. 사소한 약점, 결점 : WEAKNESS 1. a minor weakness or failing of character 2. the weaker section of a sword blade, from the middle to

the tip squabble : dispute :: foible : failing (A << B) squabble 쓸데없는 싸움을 하다

squabble : quarrel :: foible : failing (A << B) tiff : squabble :: foible : failing (A << B) tiff 가벼운 입씨름, 승강이; 언짢음

foible : fault, flaw :: quibble : objection

foil [fɔil] n. 금속의 박편, 박(箔) v. 실패시키다, 좌절시키다; 무찌

르다, 격퇴하다 v. 1. to prevent from being successful; thwart 2. to obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade

pursuers foil : metal :: veneer : wood foil ↔ abet, alleviate, implement, soothe

foliage [fóuliidʒ] n. 군엽; 잎장식 1. a. plant leaves, especially tree leaves, considered as a

group b. a cluster of leaves 2. an ornamental representation of leaves, stems, and

flowers, especially in architecture

plumage : bird :: foliage : bush plumage 우모(羽毛), 깃털; (화려하게) 공들인 옷

folly [fɑ li / fɔ li] n. 어리석음, 어리석은 행동 1. a lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight 2. a. an act or instance of foolishness b. a costly undertaking

having an absurd or ruinous outcome folly ↔ sagacity sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment,

and farsighted

foment [foumént] v.t. 조장하다 : ROUSE, INCITE 1. to promote the growth or development of; incite 2. to treat (the skin, for example) by fomentation

conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate conducive 공헌하는, 도움이 되는 tending to cause or bring about;

contributive disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment disseminate 흩뿌리다, 널리 퍼뜨리다; 유포하다, 보급시키다

foment ↔ defuse, quell defuse 신관을 제거하다; (긴장을) 완화시키다 to make less

dangerous, tense, or hostile foment ↔ pacify, allay, alleviate, placate, quash, soothe, suppress, inhibit

quell, squelch ↔ foment, instigate, rouse

fondness [fɑ ndnis / fɔ nd-] n. 애정 1. warm affection or liking 2. a strong inclination or preference; a taste

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (A >> B)

foolproof [fú:lpr`u:f] a. 누구나 할 수 있는, 아주 간단한 1. designed so as to be impervious to human incompetence,

error, or misuse 2. effective; infallible

foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak

foolhardy [fúːlhɑ ːrdi] a. 무모한 : RASH : unwisely bold or venturesome; rash

foolhardy ↔ wise, circumspect

footloose [fútlùːs] a. 속박 없는 : having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases

dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity (A = B가 없는) trepidation 공포, 놀람, 불안, 동요 unversed 정통하지 않은, 숙달되지 않은

footloose ↔ attached

forage [fɔ (:)ridʒ] n. 먹이, 사료 v. 먹이를 주다, 먹이를 찾아다니다 forage : sustenance :: canvass : support (A는 B를 위한 것) (question : poll은 오답)

grazing : forager :: stalking : hunter

forebear [fɔ ːrbɛ əːr] n. 선조 ANCESTOR : a person from whom one is descended; an ancestor

forebear ↔ descendants

forbearance [foə:rb'ε:ərəns] n. 삼가기, 자제; 인내; 용서 forbearance ↔ impatience

forbidding [fəːrbídiŋ] a. 무서운, 소름끼치는; 위태로운, 험악한 1. tending or threatening to impede progress 2. unpleasant; disagreeable

ford [fɔːrd] n. 건널 수 있는 얕은 곳 : a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river, where

one can cross by walking or riding on an animal or in a vehicle

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ford : river :: pass : mountain pass 오솔길, 소로; 산길, 고개; 통행

forerunner [fɔ ə:rrʌ nə:r] n. 선조; 징조, 조짐 1. a. one that precedes, as in time; a predecessor b. an

ancestor; a forebear 2. a. one that comes before and indicates the approach of

another; a harbinger b. a warning sing or symptom forerunner ↔ adherent

forestall [fɔːrstɔ ːl] v. 미리 선수를 치다, 미연에 방지하다; (상품을) 매점하다 1. to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary

measures beforehand 2. to deal with or think of beforehand; anticipate 3. to prevent or hinder normal sales in (a market) by

buying up merchandise, discouraging persons from bringing their goods to market, or encouraging an increase in prices in goods already on sale

forestall ↔ abet, precipitate

forestry [fɔ (ː)ristri, fɑ r-] n. 임학, 삼림 관리 1. a. the science and art of cultivating, maintaining, and

developing forests b. the management of a forestland 2. a forestland

tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture horticulture 원예학

forest : tree :: fur : hair

foreword [fɔ ːrwə ːrd] 서문, 머리말 : a preface or an introductory note, as for a book, especially

by a person other than the author foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative appellation [æpəléiʃən] 이름, 명칭, 칭호; 명명

forfeit [fɔ :rfit] n. 벌금; 추징금; 상실, 박탈 something surrendered or subject to surrender as

punishment for a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract

forgery [fɔ ːrdʒəri] n. 위조 : the act of forging, especially the illegal production of

something counterfeit plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents (베끼다) (중국 10회) plagiarism [pléidʒiərìzəm] 표절; 표절물 plagiarize 표절하다

forger : metal :: miller : grain forger 위조범; 장장이

forgo [f :rgóu] v. (즐거움, 편의 등을) 삼가다, ~ 없이 지내다, ~을 버리다, 그만두다. to abstain from, relinquish

forgo : disuse :: forget : oblivion

forlorn [fərlɔ :rn] a. 비참한, 쓸쓸한, 황량한, 버림받은, 절망의 1. a. Appearing sad or lonely because deserted or

abandoned. b. Forsaken or deprived: forlorn of all hope. 2. Wretched or pitiful in appearance or condition. 3. Nearly hopeless; desperate; despondent.

forlorn ↔ cheerful, hopeful

formidable [fɔ ːrmidəb-əl] a. 무시무시한, 용기를 꺾는, 겁먹게

하는, 위협적인, 경외스러운 1. arousing fear, dread, or alarm 2. inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder 3. difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat

formidable : intimidate :: (A한 사람은 B한다) overcome : formidable :: formidable ↔ comforting, simple, reassuring, enticing, genial, negligible, reassuring

formulaic [fɔ:rmjuléik] a. 정식(定式)의; 규정 로의; 흔해빠진, 틀에 박힌

formulaic ↔ innovative, original formulaic ↔ improvised

forsake [fə:rséik] v. 저버리다; 그만두다 1. to give up (something formerly held dear); renounce 2. to leave altogether; abandon

forsake ↔ uphold

forswear [f :rsw ər] v. ~을 맹세코 그만두다, 강하게 부정하다 1. a. to renounce or repudiate under oath. b. to renounce seriously 2. to disavow under oath; deny 3. to make (oneself) guilty of perjury

forswear ↔ adhere to, admit, approve, tell the truth

forte [fɔ ə:rtei] n. 장기, 장점; 칼몸의 최강부(↔ foible) 1. something in which a person excels 2. the strong part of a sword blade, between the middle and

the hilt(자루, 손잡이) forte ↔ weak point

forthright [fɔ ːrθràit] a. 솔직한, 똑바른 : direct and without evasion; straightforward

acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile acrid (맛 등이) 찌르는 듯한; 신랄한

furtive ↔ open, forthright, brassy brassy 놋쇠로 만든; 시끄러운; 저속한, 야한

deceive ↔ be forthright forthright ↔ backhanded backhanded 백핸드의; 비스듬한, 에둘러 말하는 oblique or

roundabout

fortify [fɔ ːrtəfài] v.t. 강화하다 : ENCOURAGE : to make strong

debilitated ↔ fortified vitiate ↔ fortify vitiate 손상하다, 타락시키다

enervate, vitiate ↔ fortify, strengthen vitiate 질을 떨어트리다; 타락/부패시키다

fortuitous [f :rtjú(:)itəs] a. 우연한, 행운의 1. Happening by accident or chance: accidental. 2. Usage Problem. a. Happening by a fortunate accident or

chance. b. Lucky or fortunate. fortuitous ↔ planned in advance, planned ahead, previously planned

foster [fɔ (ː)stəːr, fɑ s-] v.t. 조장하다 : ENCOURAGE 1. to bring up; nurture 2. to promote the growth and development of; cultivate 3. to nurse; cherish

cherish 소중히 하다, 귀여워하다; (소원 등을) 품다 foster ↔ retract, stifle, thwart stifle 숨을 막다, 질식시키다; 억누르다, 억제하다; 진압하다; (불을)

끄다

founder [fáundəːr] v.t. 가라앉다; 실패하다; 무너지다, (땅이) 꺼지다 : SINK

1. to sink below the water 2. to cave in; sink 3. to fail utterly; collapse

foundation : building :: root : tree founder ↔ stay aloft, keep afloat aloft in or into a high place; high or higher up

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founder ↔ succeed

foundry [fáundri] n. 주물 공장; 주조 mill : grain :: foundry : metal blacksmith : foundry :: artist : studio :: chemist : lab blacksmith 장장이

fracas [fréikəs / frǽkɑː] 싸움(판), 야단법석, 소동 : a noisy, disorderly fight or quarrel

fracas ↔ peaceful discussion

fractious [frǽk∫əs] a. 보채는, 성 잘 내는, 싸우기 좋아하는, 다루기 힘든

: inclined to make trouble; unruly : having a peevish nature; cranky

fractious : umbrage :: (화 잘 내는, 화) umbrage; 불쾌(감), 화, 토라짐

fracture [frǽktʃəːr] v. 부서지다 : RUPTURE, TEAR 1. to cause to break 2. to disrupt or destroy as if by breaking 3. to abuse or misuse flagrantly, as by violating rules

flagrant 악명 높은; 언어도단의 conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible

rupture 파열시키다, 찢다; (우호 관계 등을) 끊다 to break open cement ↔ fracture

fragile [frǽdʒəl / -dʒail] a. 잘 부서지는, 약한; 허약한; 덧없는 1. easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail 2. lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate 3. lacking substance; tenuous or flimsy

fragile : break :: porous : penetrate :: flammable : burn porous 다공성의; 스며드는

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty limber 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 민활한, 경쾌한 spindly 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a way that

suggests weakness frail 허약한, 연약한; 덧없는, 일시적인

fragility ↔ strength fragile ↔ robust

fragment [frǽgmənt] v. 산산히 부서지다 : to break or separate (something) into fragments

fragment ↔ coalesce

fragrant [fréigrənt] adj. 향기로운 : having a sweet or pleasant smell. synonyms see

ODOROUS fragrant ↔ fetid

frail [freil] a. 허약한; 의지가 약한, 나약한; 잘 부서지는 1. physically weak; delicate 2. not strong or substantial; slight 3. easily broken or destroyed; fragile 4. easily led astray; morally weak

spindly : frailty :: limber : flexibility spindly 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a way that

suggests weakness frail ↔ not easy to crumb, firm, hale frailty ↔ hardness, stamina, sinew

frangible [frǽndʒəbl] adj. 부서지기 쉬운, 무른 * infrangible 부서지지 않는, 강한, 파괴할 수 없는

infrangible : broken :: inestimable : counted

fraternize [frǽtəːrnàiz] 친하게 지내다, 형제처럼 지내다 1. to associate with others in a brotherly or congenial way 2. to associate on friendly terms with an enemy or opposing

group, often in violation of discipline or orders

fraternizing ↔ unrelated to fraternize ↔ estrange, shun

fraud [fr :d] n. 사기, 기만; 협잡, 배신; 사기 행위, 부정 수단 1. a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair

or unlawful gain 2. a piece of trickery; a trick 3. a. one that defrauds; a cheat b. one who assumes false

pose; an impostor

fraudulent [frɔ ːdʒulənt] a. 사기의, 부정직한 : DECEITFUL 1. engaging in fraud; deceitful 2. characterized by, constituting, or gained by fraud

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (OPPOSITE) hypocrisy 위선

hoax : fraudulent :: paragon : excellent hoax (가벼운) 장난; 속이기

fraught [fr :t] a. 내포한, ...(악의, 위험 등으로) 가득 찬 1. filled with a specified element or elements; charged 2. fully provided marked by distress; upsetting

fraught : placid :: baffling : perspicuous (OPPOSITE) placid 조용한, 평온한, 만족한

fraught ↔ devoid, lacking, calm, hale, robust, vigorous

freak [friːk] n. 변덕 1. a sudden and odd or seemingly pointless idea or turn of

the mind 2. a seemingly capricious action or event

freckle [frékl] n. 주근깨, 작은 반점, 기미 freckle : skin, face :: pinstripe : fabric

freelancer [fríːlǽnsər, -lɑ ːnsər] n. 자유계약자 : a person who pursues a profession without a long-term

commitment to any one employer freelance n.

freelance(r) : employer :: nomad : domicile nomad 유목민; 방랑자 domicile 거주지, 집; 주소 1. a residence; a home 2. one's legal

residence

freewheel [fríːhwíːl] vi. (자동차의 동력을 끊고) 타성으로 달리

다; 자유롭게 행동하다 1. to continue turning or spinning after disengagement from

the drive mechanism 2. to live or move freely and sometimes aimlessly or

irresponsibly 3. to operate independently or free of restraints

frenetic [frinétik] a. 열광적인, 제정신이 아닌 : wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied * frenetic = frantic

energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: firm : obstinate :: careful : meticulous :: frugal : penurious (A << B) obdurate 고집이 센, 완고한 interrogatory 의문의, 의심스러워 하는

frenetic, frantic ↔ composed, uninterested, sober, composed frenetic ↔ moderate

frenzy [frénzi] n. 격분, 광란 1. a state of violent mental agitation or wild excitement 2. temporary madness or delirium 3. a mania; a craze

convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion convulsion 경련; 심한 발작; (사회적, 정치적) 동요, 동란

calm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE) calmness : frenzy :: abandon : inhibition abandon n. 방종 a complete surrender of inhibitions

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energetic : frenetic, frenzied :: firm : obdurate, obstinate (A << B) agitated : frenetic :: literate : erudite (A << B) calm ↔ frenzy

frequency [frí:kwənsi] n. 빈발, 빈번; 빈도, 횟수; 진동수 * frequent v.t. 자주 가다, 늘 함께 있다; 친하게 지내다. 예; He enjoys sports, and frequents the gym. 스포츠를 좋아

해서 체육관에 자주 간다 : to pay frequent visits to; be in or at often

frequency : pitch :: wavelength : color frequent ↔ avoid, shun, visit rarely (동사), stay away from frequency ↔ rarity

fresco [fréskou] n. 프레스코 벽화 fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor parquetry (마루 등의) 조각 나무 세공

fret [fret] v. 괴롭히다, 초조하게 하다 : to become vexed or worried

draconian : inclemency :: fretting : vexation inclement [inklémənt] 혹독한, 사나운; 냉혹한

fret ↔ assuage

fretful [frétfəl] a. 안달하는 초조해 하는, 성마른 1. inclined to be vexed or troubled; peevish 2. marked by worry and distress; troublesome

fretful ↔ displaying equanimity, equanimous, pleasing, conciliating, relaxed equanimity; 침착, 냉정(calmness)

fretwork [frétwə :rk] n. 도려내기 세공 1. ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets;

geometric openwork 2. such ornamental work represented two dimensionally by

chiaroscuro fretwork : ornamentation :: oil : lubricant (A는 B의 한 종류)

friable [fráiəb-əl] a. 부서지기 쉬운 : easily crumbled; brittle

friable : crumble :: malleable : alter :: lucid : comprehend malleable (금속 등을) 벼릴 수 있는; 적응성 있는, 유순한

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE) impervious 불침투성의, 통과시키지 않는; 영향을 받지 않는 combustible 가연성의; 흥분하기 쉬운

friable ↔ not easily crumbled, resistant to be pulverized, substantial, difficult to be crumbled, unable to crumble, hard to be pulverized pulverize 가루로 만들다, 부수다 to pound, crush, or grind to a

powder or dust; to demolish

friction [fríkʃ-ən] n. 마찰 1. the rubbing of one object or surface against another 2. conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or

interests; clash friction : oil, lubricant :: mobility : splint (B는 A를 ↓) abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration :: vaporized : heat

friendship [frénd∫ìp] n. 우정, 우의, 친목 friendship ↔ hostility

frieze [friːz] n. (벽) 프리즈 장식 frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript illumination 페이지나 첫 글자 등을 장식하는 것 manuscript 필사본; 손으로 쓰기

frieze : ornament :: pillar : support

frigid [frídʒid] a. 몹시 추운; 인정 없는, 쌀쌀한 1. extremely cold 2. lacking warmth of feeling 3. stiff and formal in manner 4. persistently averse to sexual intercourse

soaking : damp :: frigid : cool (A >> B) sweltering ↔ frigid sweltering 무더위에 지친; 무더운 oppressively hot and humid

frill [fril] n. 주름장식, 가식, 지나친 것 v. 주름장식을 달다 frill : superfluity :: void, vain : vacuity, vanity, absence :: germane : pertinency (A에는 B의 속성이 있는)

frill : luxurious :: frill ↔ economy, thrift, austerity, frugality

fringe [frindʒ] n. (가장자리) 술 장식; 주변, 외변, 주위 fringe ↔ center

fritter [frítəːr] v. 조금씩 쓰다, 조금씩 낭비하다 n. 작은 조각, 단편 : to spend or waste bit by bit, on trifles, or without

commensurate return - usually used with away fritter ↔ conserve

frivolous [frívələs] a. 시시한; 천박한 1. unworthy of serious attention; trivial 2. inappropriately silly

frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion (OPPOSITE) brash 성급한, 경솔한; 버릇없는, 노골적인

frivolous ↔ somber, grave, sober, temperate somber 어두컴컴한; 우울한; 심각한 serious; grave sober 술 취하지 않은; 절제하고 있는; 조용한, 침착한 temperate 삼가는, 절도가 있는

frivolousness ↔ temperance, grandeur temperance 중용, 절도, 자제, 절제 grandeur 위엄, 웅장, 위품

frond [frａnd] n. (양치식물, 종려 등의 잘게 갈라진) 잎 frond : fern :: needle : pine fern 고사리

frond : leaf :: boulder : rock (A는 B의 종류)

frothy [frɔ ːθi / frɔ θi] a. 거품의, 실속 없는 1. made of, covered with, or resembling froth; foamy 2. playfully frivolous in character or content

frothy ↔ weighty weighty 무거운; 중 한; 영향력 있는(influential)

forward [fróuwərd] adj. 성질이 뒤틀린, 심술궂은, 고집센 : stubbornly contrary and disobedient; obstinate

forward : control :: intrepid : discourage :: firm : obdurate

frowsy, frowzy [fráuzi] a. 지저분한, 케케묵은; 곰팡이 냄새가 나는 1. unkempt; slovenly 2. having an unpleasant smell; musty

dapper ↔ frowzy dapper 조촐한, 깔끔한, 맵시 있는 a. neatly dressed; trim b. very

stylish in dress frowzy ↔ original, striking

fructuous [frʌ ktʃuəs] adj. 다산의 : fruitful

fructuous ↔ barren

frugal [frúːg-əl] a. 절약하는, 검소한 1. practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of

money or the use of material resources 2. costing little; inexpensive

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B) hubris 교만, 자만 overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance

frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic :: firm : obdurate :: complaint : obsequious (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스)

frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스)

frugal : parsimonious :: attentive : obsequious frugal : stingy :: (combative : aggressive 아니면 lenient : lax임

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(200706)) frugal ↔ prodigal, sumptuous sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운

frugality ↔ extravagancy, prodigality

frustrate [frʌ streit] v. 좌절시키다 1. a. to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a

desire; thwart b. to cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in 2. to make ineffectual or invalid; nullify

frustrate ↔ abet

full-bodied [fúlbɑ did / - bɔ d-] a. 맛좋은; 풍부한 1. having richness and intensity of flavor or aroma 2. rich and intense

full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound : topical : currency :: germane : pertinency resonant (소리가) 잘 울리는, 울려 퍼지는; 공명의

fulminate [fʌ lmənèit] v. 맹렬히 비난하다; 폭발하다 1. to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation 2. to explode or detonate * fulmination n.

fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter adulate 아첨하다 to praise or admire excessively; fawn on flatter to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to

win favor fulminate : denunciation :: prevaricate : misrepresentation fulmination ↔ praise

fulsome [fúlsəm, fʌ l-] a. (역겨울 정도로) 아첨하는, 간사한 1. offensively flattering or insincere 2. offensive to the taste or sensibilities

courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B) bravado 허세; 무모함

fumble [fʌ mb-əl] v. 더듬다; 서투르게 만지다 1. to touch or handle nervously or idly 2. to grope awkwardly to find or to accomplish something 3. to proceed awkwardly and uncertainly; blunder

fumble : maladroit :: fumble ↔ handle adroitly

fungible [fʌ ndʒəb-əl] adj. 체 가능한 : being of such a nature that one part or quantity may be

replaced by another equal part or quantity in the satisfaction of an obligation

fungible ↔ unique

fungus [fʌ ndʒai, fʌ ŋgai] n. (곰팡이, 버섯 등의) 균류 fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

furnace [fə ːrnis] n. 노(爐), 화덕; 혹독한 시련 1. an intensely hot place 2. severe test or trial

furnace : heat :: generator : electricity :: fan : blow

furor [fjúrɔːr, fjúrəːr] n. 열광, 격노 1. a general commotion; public disorder or uproar 2. violent anger; frenzy 3. a fashion adopted enthusiastically by the public; a fad 4. a state of intense excitement or ecstasy

furor, havoc ↔ serenity havoc 황폐, 파괴

furrow [fə :rou|fʌ r-] n. 골 v. (쟁기로) 갈다, 주름을 잡다, 골이 지다 furrow ↔ smooth, iron out

furtive [fə ːrtiv] a. 은 한, 수상쩍은 : SURREPTITIOUS, CLANDESTINE

1. characterized by stealth; surreptitious 2. expressive of hidden motives or purposes; shifty

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied (명 : 형)

furtive : open :: flippant : reserved :: flamboyant : reserved flippant 경박한, 덤벙 는 marked by disrespectful levity of casualness

furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve flamboyant (색채가) 타는 듯한; 눈부신, 현란한; 플랑브와양 양식의

furtive ↔ open, forthright, brassy, aboveboard, candid, sublime, shamelessly bold, overt, unhidden brassy 놋쇠로 만든; 뻔뻔스러운, 저속한, 야한 cheap and showy;

flashy sublime 숭고한, 장 한; 기품 있는, 고상한 overt 공공연한, 명백한(obvious)

furtively ↔ candidly, openly

fury [fjú-əri] n. 격분, 격노; 격렬, 맹렬 1. violent anger; rage 2. violent, uncontrolled actin; turbulence

effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger effervesce [èfərvés] 거품이 일다; 들뜨다, 활기를 띠다

fuse [fju:z] v. 녹이다, 용해시키다, 융화시키다 1. to liquefy or reduce to a plastic state by heating; melt 2. to mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by

melting; blend fuse ↔ rend rend 찢다, 분열시키다

fuss [fʌs] v. 안달하다, 야단 법석하다; 귀찮게 잔소리하다 1. to trouble or worry over trifles 2. to be excessively careful or solicitous 3. to get into or be in a state of nervous or useless 4. to object; complain

assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B) 주장하다 : 장황하게 논의하다 :: 주의하다, 신경쓰다 : 안달하다, 야단법석하다

garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful (A >> B) garrulous given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk;

tiresomely talkative

fustian [fʌ st∫ən|-tiən] n. 과장된(허풍떠는) 표현 a. 쓸모 없는, (표현

이) 과장된 fustian : bombast :: vile : turpitude turpitude n. 비열, 야비함

fusty [fʌ sti] a. 곰팡내 나는; 구식의, 케케묵은 : rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary 1. smelling of mildew(곰팡이의 일종) or decay; musty 2. old-fashioned; antique

musty 곰팡이 핀, 곰팡내 나는; 케케묵은, 진부한; 무기력한 fusty ↔ fresh fusty : freshness :: plebeian : prestige plebeian a. 평민의, 대중의 n. 평민, 서민

futility [fjuːtíləti] n. 무익, 헛됨, 소용없음; 하찮은 것/일 : USELESSNESS

1. the quality of having no useful result; uselessness 2. lack of importance or purpose; frivolousness 3. a futile act

bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence :: void : empty (EQUAL) bootless 무익한, 보람 없는 without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent 찬란히 빛나는, 눈부신 shining brilliantly; resplendent

interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL) futile ↔ efficacious, wholesome efficacious 효과가 있는

futility ↔ effectiveness

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G

gadfly [gǽdflài] n. 귀찮게 구는 사람 1. a persistent, irritating critic; a nuisance 2. one that acts as a provocative stimulus; a goad 3. 쇠파리

nuisance 성가심, 귀찮음; 난처한 것 one that is inconvenient, annoying, or vexatious; a bother gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse goad n. 막 기; 자극 v. 막 기로 찌르다; 부추기다, 선동하다

annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl churl 버릇없는 사람; 구두쇠 a rude, boorish person

gadget [gǽdʒit] n. 기계 장치; 부속품 : a small specialized mechanical or electronic device

gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry trinket 작은 장신구; 사소한 것

gaffe [gæf] n. 외교상의 실수, 결례 : a clumsy social error; blatant mistake or misjudgment

gaffe : social :: malapropism : verbal malapropism ludicrous misuse of a word, especially by confusion with

one of similar sound gaffe : tactless :: exploit : heroic (CHARACTER) exploit 영웅적 행위, 위업, 공적 tact 약삭빠름, 재치

miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum decorum 단정함, 예의 바름; 적절함

illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment

gainful [géinfəl] a. 이익이 되는, 유리한; 수입이 있는 : providing a gain; profitable

gainful ↔ unremunerative remunerative 보수가 있는, 유리한(profitable); 보답하는

gainsay [gèinséi] v. 부정하다, 반 하다 1. to declare false; deny 2. to oppose, especially by contradiction 예; There is no ~ing his innocence 그의 결백은 아무도 부정

못한다. gainsay ↔ affirm, conform, confirm, assent to, aver, speak in support of, concur, validate aver; to affirm positively; declare

gait [geit] n. 걸음걸이, 보조 1. a particular way or manner of walking or moving on foot 2. rate or manner of proceeding

gait : walk :: parlance : speak :: mnemonic : remember parlance 말투, 어조; 담화

galaxy [gǽləksi] n. 은하수 galaxy : stars :: archipelago : island archipelago [à:rkəpéləgòu] 다도해; 군도, 열도

gall [go:l] v. (피부를) 벗기다; 화나게 하다 n. 화나게 하는 것, 신경질

남 1. to make (the skin) sore by abrasion 2. to damage or break the surface of by or as if by friction;

abrade 3. to irk or exasperate; vex

gall ↔ pacify, appease, assuage, calm, lull, placate, mollify, soothe lull 달래다, 어르다; 진정시키다

galling ↔ mollifying

gallant [gǽlənt] a. 용맹스러운; 화려한, 아름다운; 친절한, 정중한 1. smartly or boldly stylish; dashing 2. a. unflinching in battle or action; valiant b. nobly or selflessly resolute 3. stately; majestic

stately 당당한, 위엄 있는, 장엄한 gallant ↔ craven, pusillanimous gallantry ↔ cowardliness, rudeness, discourtesy, insult

galley [gǽli] n. 갤리선; 배의 주방, 요리실 : the kitchen of an airliner or a ship

galley : ship :: kitchen : house

galling [gɔ ːliŋ] a. 짜증나게 하는 : VEXING : causing extreme irritation or chagrin; vexing

galling ↔ placating, pacifying, appeasing, mollifying placate 달래다, 위로하다; (노여움을) 삭이다 to ally the anger of,

especially by making concessions

galvanize [gǽlvənàiz] v. 자극하다; 기운을 북돋우다; 아연 도금을 하다 1. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric current 2. to arouse to awareness or action; spur 3. to coat (iron or steel) with rust-resistant zinc

galvanize : stimulate :: irritate : flush flush (얼굴을) 붉히다; (물을) 왈칵 쏟다 irritate to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy

galvanize ↔ lull, allay allay (불안 등을) 가라앉히다; (고통을) 완화시키다

gamble [gǽmbəl] v. 도박을 하다; 이판사판 모험하다, 투기를 하다 : to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior

adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble adamant 견고한, 요지부동의 impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason;

stubbornly unyielding

gambol [gǽmbəl] v. 까불며 뛰어다니다 : to leap about playfully; frolic

gambol ↔ plod, slog plod 터벅터벅 걷다, 천천히 나아가다; 열심히 일하다

gangling, gangly [gǽŋgliŋ] a. 빼빼 마른 : awkwardly tall or long-limbed; rangy

rangy 마르고 호리호리한, 피골이 상접한 gangly ↔ stalwart

gangway [gǽŋwèi] n. 통로; (비행기, 배의) 트랩 gangway : ship :: drawbridge : castle

garble [gɑ ːrbəl] v. 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다 1. to mix up or distort to such an extent as to make

misleading or incomprehensible 2. to scramble (a signal or message), as by erroneous

encoding or faulty transmission correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle 금시라도 무너질 듯한; 약한; 퇴폐적인

garbled : comprehend :: obscured : recognized garble ↔ elucidate, report accurately, report exactly elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify

gargantuan [gɑːrgǽntʃuən] a. 거 한, 엄청나게 큰 : of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic

gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B) excruciate 고통을 주다

minute, minuscule ↔ gargantuan minuscule 소문자로 쓰인; 아주 작은, 중요하지 않은

gargoyle [gɑ :rg il] n. 가고일. 사람, 동물 형상을 한 괴물의 조각 gargoyle : grotesque :: (A는 B의 성격을 지님)

garish [gɛəriʃ] a. 지나치게 화려한 1. a. marred by strident color or excessive ornamentation;

gaudy b. loud and flashy

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2. glaring; dazzling garish : color :: prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful :: fawning : attentive :: bumptious : assertive (A >> B) prying 몹시 호기심이 강한 bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive; pushy

stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance (DEFECTIVE) strident (소리가) 귀에 거슬리는 loud harsh, grating, or shrill;

discordant garish ↔ muted

garment [gɑ ːrmənt] n. 의복 : an article of clothing

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel hem (옷의) 단, 가장자리 ruffle 잔물결, 파문; 주름 장식; 불안, 동요 molding 주조, 성형; 돌림띠 장식

toga : garment :: (A는 B의 종류) tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment tarpaulin [ta:rpɔ :lin] 방수 시트

garner [gɑ :rnə:r] v. ∼을 긁어모으다, 축적하다; 얻다, 입수하다 1. to gather and store in or as if in a granary 2. to amass; acquire

garnish [gɑ :rni∫] v. 장식하다

garrulous [gǽrjələs] a. 진저리나게 수다스러운; 장황한 1. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk;

tiresomely talkative 2. wordy and rambling

garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet :: fussy : careful :: garish : bright (A >> B) cloy 넌덜나게 하다

garrulous, loquacious : words, talk :: prodigal, profligate : money garrulity ↔ taciturnity garrulous ↔ taciturn, reticent

gash [gæʃ] n. 깊은 상처 1. a long, deep cut 2. a deep flesh wound

cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B) chasm 깊이 갈라진 틈

gasification [gæ səfikéiʃən] n. 가스화, 기체화 gasification, vaporization ↔ solidification

gauche [gouʃ] a. 투박한 : CRUDE : lacking social experience or grace; tactless gaucherie 버릇없음, 무뚝뚝함, 눈치없음, 서투름, 어색함

gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (A에는 B가 없음, 형:명) cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill gaucheness ↔ polish, graceful polish 세련, 품위

gaudy [gɔ ːdi] a. (저속하게) 화려한 : showy in a tasteless or vulgar way

gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak, language grandiloquence 호언장담 pompous or bombastic speech or

expression

gauge [geidʒ] v. 측정하다, 판단하다 1. to measure precisely 2. to determine the capacity, volume, or contents of 3. to evaluate or judge 4. to adapt to a specified measurement 5. to mix (plaster) in specific proportions 6. to chip or rub (bricks or stones) to size

immeasurable : gauge :: inexorable : stop (irrealizable : describe는 오답)

scale : weight :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth :: gauge : pressure

gaunt a. (병, 굶주림으로) 여윈, 수척해진, 쇠약해진 gaunt ↔ hale, corpulent, obese, portly portly (중년인이) 살찐, 뚱뚱한

gawky [gɔ ːki] adj. 아둔한 : awkward, clumsy

gawky ↔ adept

gear [giər] n. 기어 gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A ∋ B)

gelid [dʒélid] adj. 얼음 같은 : extremely cold : ICY

gelid ↔ steamy

genealogy [dʒìːniǽlədʒi, -ɑ l-, dʒèn-] n. 계보, 가계; 자손, 혈통 1. a record or table of the descent of a person, family, or

group from an ancestor or ancestors; a family tree 2. direct descent from an ancestor; lineage or pedigree 3. the study or investigation of ancestry and family histories

pedigree 계도, 혈통표; 가계, 계통, 혈통

generality [dʒènərǽləti] n. 보편성 * generic a. 일반적인, 포괄적인

ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;

universal generic ↔ specific

generosity [dʒènərɑ səti] n. 마음이 후함, 관 1. liberality in giving or willingness to give 2. nobility of thought or behavior; magnanimity 3. amplitude; abundance 4. a generous act

generosity ↔ stinginess

genial [dʒíːnjəl, -niəl] a. 친절한, 다정한, 상냥한; 온화한, 쾌적한 1. having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner; cordial

and kindly 2. conducive to life, growth, or comfort; mild

resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality genial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact bonhomie [bánəmì:] 상냥한 태도, 온화한 얼굴

genial : joviality :: diplomatic : tact (A는 B의 성격을 가짐) genial ↔ caustic, dyspeptic, mordant, truculent, bellicose dyspeptic 소화 불량인; 화를 잘 내는 mordant 신랄한, 통렬한 bitingly sarcastic; bitingly painful truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인; 통렬한, 신랄한

caustic ↔ palliating, genial dour ↔ congenial, genial dour 기분이 언짢은

genteel [dʒentíːl] a. 품위 있는; 상류 사회의, POLITE 1. refined in manner; well-bred and polite 2. free from vulgarity or rudeness 3. elegantly stylish 4. a. striving to convey a manner or an appearance of

refinement and respectability b. marked by affected and somewhat prudish refinement

genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear : unscrupulous : qualm (A인 사람은 B가 없다) intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용기 있는 resolutely courageous; fearless

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인; 통렬한, 신랄한 unregenerate 갱생하지 않는(unrepentant), 신념을 바꾸지 않는

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remorse 후회, 뉘우침 moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret genteel ↔ loutish, churlish, vulgar, boorish loutish 버릇없는; 꼴사나운 awkward, stupid, and boorish churlish 촌뜨기의, 막된

genuine [dʒénjuin] a. 진짜의; 순진한 : ACTUAL, TRUE genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity spurious ↔ genuine spurious 가짜의 lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin;

not genuine; false

germane [dʒəːrméin] a. 적절한 : FITTING : being both pertinent and fitting

cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence (A는 B를 갖고 있음) germane ↔ irrelevant, inappropriate

gerrymander [dʒérim`ændə:r] v. 자기 당에 유리한 선거구로 하다; 부당한 손질을 하다

gerrymander : district :: rig : contest rig 장비하다; 끌어 모으다, 급히 만들다; (시세 등을) 부정 수단으

로 조작하다

gesture [dʒéstʃər] n. 몸짓 parody : style :: mime : gesture (A = B를 흉내 내는 것)

geyser [gáizər] n. 간헐 온천 geyser : water :; volcano : lava

ghastly [gǽstli / gɑ ːst-] a. 소름 끼치는, 송장 같은; 터무니없는 1. inspiring shock, revulsion, or horror by or as if by

suggesting death; terrifying 2. suggestive of or resembling ghosts 3. extremely unpleasant or bad 4. very serious or great

ghastly : unpleasant :: (A >> B)

gibe [dʒaib] v. 조롱/우롱하다 : to deride or tease with taunting words

apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (동 : 명) condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision condolence 문상, 애도 sympathy with a person who has

experienced pain, grief, or misfortune

gibberish [dʒíbəriʃ, gíb-] n. 알수 없는 말/횡설수설 : unintelligible or meaningless language: 1. a technical or esoteric language 2. pretentious or needlessly obscure language

giddy [gídi] a. 경솔한, 경박한; 현기증 나는 : FRIVOLOUS 1. a. having a reeling, lightheaded sensation; dizzy b.

causing or capable of causing dizziness 2. frivolous and lighthearted; flighty

giddiness ↔ graveness giddy ↔ serious, grave, staid, sober

gild [gild] v. ~에 금박을 입히다, ~의 겉치레를 하다

ginger [dʒíndʒər] n. 생강 ginger : spice :: (A ∈ B)

girder [gə :rdər] n. 들보; 도리 : a horizontal beam, as of steel or wood, used as a main

support for a building or bridge truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability truss 받침

gist [dʒist] n. 요지 : ESSENCE 1. the center idea; the essence 2. (law) the grounds for action in a sit

gist ↔ trivial point, tangential point

glacial [gléiʃər, gléisjər] a. 빙하의; 빙하처럼 매우 느린; 몹시 찬 1.a. Of, relating to, or derived from a glacier. b. Suggesting

the extreme slowness of a glacier 예; Work proceeded at a glacial pace. 2.a. Characterized or dominated by the existence of glaciers.

Used of a geologic epoch. b. Pleistocene. 3.Extremely cold; icy: glacial waters. See synonyms at cold. 4.Having the appearance of ice. 5.a. Lacking warmth and friendliness: a glacial stare. b. Coldly detached: a glacial composure glacier; a huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a land mass,

formed from compacted snow in an area where snow accumulation exceeds melting and sublimation

glacial : slow :: glacial : cold :: labyrinth : complicate glacier : ice :: inferno : heat(fire) glacier : ice :: sea : water

glade [gleid] n. 숲 속의 빈터 : an open space surrounded by woods 1. an open space in a forest 2. an everglade

everglade 습지 a tract of marshland, usually under water and covered in places with tall grass oasis : desert :: glade : wood

gladiator [glǽdièitər] n. 검투사; 논객 gladiator : arena :: lawyer : courtroom

glamorize [glǽməràiz] v.t. 매혹적으로 만들다; 미화하다 : ROMANTICIZE

1. to make glamorous 2. to treat or portray in a romantic manner; idealize or glorify

glamorous 매력이 넘치는, 매혹적인; 매우 활기 있는

glance [glæns, glɑːns] n. 흘끗 봄 v. 언뜻 보다 a brief or cursory look

blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: glance : look :: cameo : appearance (A는 B를 짧게 하는 것)

peck : kiss :: glance : look peck (부리로) 쪼다; 도려내다; 가볍게 키스하다

glaring [glɛ əriŋ] a. 번쩍이는, 눈부신; 현란한; 두드러진, 역력한; 노려보는

1. shining intensely and blindingly 2. tastelessly showy or bright; garish 3. conspicuous; obvious 4. staring with anger, fierceness, or hostility

glaring ↔ unnoticeable

glaze [gleiz] v. 윤을 내다, 반들반들하게 하다; 유약을 바르다 : to give a smooth, lustrous surface to

glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood varnish 니스, 유약, 도료; 겉치레, 속임수

glaze ↔ rumple rumple 구기다, 엉클어 놓다 to wrinkle or form into folds or creases

glee [gliː] 기쁨, 환희 : jubilant delight; joy

glee ↔ lamentation, mourning, sadness

glib [glib] a. 말로만 조잘거리는, 입심 좋은; 경박한 1. a. performed with a natural, offhand ease b. showing little

thought, preparation, or concern 2. marked by ease and fluency of speech or writing that often

suggests or stems from insincerity, superficiality, or deceitfulness

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fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity (LACK) maladroit a. 솜씨 없는, 재치 없는 glib ↔ labored, awkward, taciturn labored a. (동작이) 힘든, 곤란한, 괴로운, 굼뜬

glide [glaid] v. 미끄러지다 n. 활주, 활공 1. To move in a smooth, effortless manner. 2. To move silently and furtively. 3. To occur or pass imperceptibly. 4. To fly without propulsion. Used of an aircraft. 5. Music. To blend one tone into the next; slur. Linguistics. To articulate a glide in speech. 명. the act of gliding

glide : effort :: wander : purpose (A에는 B의 성격이 없다)

glimmer [glímər] 1. to emit a dim or intermittent light 희미하게 빛을 내다 2. to appear faintly or indistinctly 희미하게 나타나다, 어렴풋

이 보이다

glisten [glísn] v. 반짝이다 : to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster

dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere dingy 더러운, 칙칙한; 윤기 없는, 신선미 없는

glitch [glitʃ] n. 자그마한 흠, 고장 : a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch : malfunction, problem :: peccadillo : error

gloat [glout] vi. 만족스럽게 바라보다 : to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-

satisfaction primp : vain :: gloat : smug primp 단정히 꾸미다 to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or

excessive attention to detail vain 무익한, 쓸모없는; 우쭐 는, 자부심 강한 smug 잘난 체 하는, 독선적인

gloomy [glúːmi] a. 음울한 : MELANCHOLY 1. partially or totally dark, especially dismal and dreary 2. showing or filled with gloom 3. a. causing or producing gloom; depressing b. marked by

hopelessness; very pessimistic despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy :: masterful : skilled (EQUAL) despondent 낙심한, 풀이 죽은 = dejected saturnine [sǽtərnàin] 토성의; 성미가 까다로운 melancholy or

sullen

glorify [glɔ ːrəfài] v.t. 찬미하다, 미화하다 1. to give glory, honor, or high praise to; exalt 2. to cause to be or seem more glorious or excellent than is

actually the case 3. to give glory to, especially through worship

gloss [glɔːs, glɑs / glɔs] n. 광택, 윤; 주석, 주해; 억지 해석 v. 광택/윤을 내다; 주석을 달다, ~을 그럴싸하게 설명하다, 얼버

무리다 명사 1. a. a brief explanatory note or translation of a

difficult or technical expression usually inserted in the margin or between lines of a text or manuscript b. a collection of such notes

2. an extensive commentary, often accompanying a text or publication

3. a purposefully misleading interpretation or explanation 동사 1. to give a bright sheen or luster to 2.To provide (an expression or a text) with a gloss or

glosses.

3.To give a false interpretation to. blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation blurb (책의 표지, 띠 등에 넣는) 짧은 광고 scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition

glossary [glɑ səri, glɔ (ː)s-] n. (권말의) 용어 해설 a list of difficult or specialized words with their definitions,

often placed at the back of a book glossary : text :: legend : map

glossy [glɔ (ː)si, glɑ si] a. 반들반들한, 광택 있는; 그럴싸한, 겉치레만의 1. having a smooth, shiny, lustrous surface 2. superficially and often speciously attractive; showy

varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth sand 모래/사포로 닦다

glut [glʌt] v. 실컷 먹이다, 싫증나게 하다;공급 과잉이 되게 하다 : OVERSUPPLY n. 충분한 공급, 공급 과잉, 과도한 양

1. to fill beyond capacity, especially with food; satiate 2. to flood (a market) with an excess of goods so that supply

exceeds demand glut ↔ dearth, paucity dearth 부족, 결핍; 기근 a scare supply; shortage of food; famine

glutinous [glúːtənəs] a. 아교질의, 끈적이는 : GUMMY, STICKY : of the nature of or resembling glue; sticky * agglutinated, agglutinate 접착된, 덩어리의

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive agglutinated ↔ disaggregated glutinous ↔ non viscous viscous 점착력 있는, 끈적끈적한

glutton [glʌ tn] n. 식가; 지칠 줄 모르는 정력가 1. a person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of

food and drink 2. a person with an inordinate capacity to receive or

withstand something avarice : money :: gluttony : food glutton : appetite :: zealot : passion glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self denial ascetic 고행자; 금욕주의자

gluttonous : restraint :: pristine : taint (A에는 B가 없는) gluttonous ↔ abstemious

gnarled [nɑːrld] adj. 울퉁불퉁한 : full of knots or gnarls : KNOTTY : crabbed in disposition, aspect, or character

gnarled ↔ smooth

goad [goud] v.t. 부추겨 자극하다 : SPUR : to prod or urge with or as if with a long pointed stick

command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (A >> B) entreaty 간청, 탄원 an earnest request or petition; a plea

gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse goad ↔ check, curb, lull curb 억제하다, 억누르다; 재갈을 물리다

gobble [gɑ bəl / gɔ bəl] v.t. 게걸스레 먹다 1. to devour in large, greedy gulps 2. to take greedily; grab

gulp 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마시다, 삼키다; 숨이 막히다, 목메다 quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: swill : sip nibble 조금씩 갉아먹다 swill 벌컥벌컥 마시다 to drink greedily or grossly

gobble : eat :: guzzle : drink

go-getter [góugètər] n. 수완가, 수단꾼

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go-getter ↔ inactive, apathetic, boring, weak, impotent person

goggle [gɑ gəl / gɔ glə] n. 보호 안경 goggles : eyes :: gloves : hands :: earmuff : ear

goldbrick [gouldbrìk] n. 가짜 금괴, 겉만 번드르르한 것; 태만

한 군인 vi. 게으름 피우다 to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities

evade : answer :: goldbrick : work

goodwill [gúdwíl] n. 호의, 친절; 온정, 친선 1. an attitude of kindness or friendliness; benevolence 2. cheerful acquiescence or willingness 3. a good relationship, as of a business enterprise with its

customers or a nation with other nations goodwill ↔ spleen, rancor spleen 비장, 지라; 불쾌, 울화 = ill temper rancor 원한; 증오 bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will

gorge [gɔːrdʒ] vi. (게걸스럽게) 실컷 먹다 : GLUT 1. to stuff with food; glut 2. to devour greedily

reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent 입이 무거운, 과묵한; 삼가는

gossamer [gɑ səmər / gɔ s-] n. a. 얇고 가벼운 (것) : something light, delicate, or insubstantial 명사 1. a soft, sheer, gauzy fabric 2. something delicate, light, or flimsy 3. a fine film of cobwebs often seen floating in the air or

caught on bushes or grass 형용사 sheer, light, delicate, or tenuous; airyfli

gauzy 얇고 비치는 gossamer ↔ weighty, ponderous, substantial, strong, opaque

gouge [gaudʒ] v. 둥근끌로 도려내다 n. 1. a chisel with a rounded, troughlike blade 2. a. a scoping or digging action, as with such a chisel b. a

groove or hole scooped with or as if with such a chisel 3. (informal) a large amount, as of money, exacted or

extorted hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (A >> B) hack 난도질하다; 깊게 베다

gourmand [gúə:rmənd] n. 미식가, 식도락가; 식가 1. a lover of good food 2. a gluttonous eater

gourmand : food :: aesthetic : art (sage : wisdom은 오답) gourmand : appetite :: skinflint : thrift skinflint 지독한 구두쇠

gourmet [gúərmei, --] n. 미식가 a connoisseur of fine food and drink

connoisseur (미술품 등의) 감정가; 전문가, 권위자 bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food :: aesthete : art :: cineast : film bibliophile 애서가, 장서가 aesthete [ésθi:t] 심미안이 있는 사람 cineast [síniæst] 영화광

connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine gourmet : eat :: bookworm : read

graft [græft, grɑːft] v. 접붙이다, 이식하다 1. a. to unite (a shoot or bud) with a growing plant by

insertion or by placing in close contact b. to join (a plant or plants) by such union

2. to transplant or implant (living tissue, for example) surgically into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect

3. to join or unite closely graft ↔ disjoin

grandeur [grǽndʒər, -dʒuər] n. 웅장함, 장관 : MAGNIFICENCE 1. the quality or condition of being grand; magnificence 2. nobility or greatness of character

grandeur :: mean :: (OPPOSITE) grandeur ↔ frivolousness, shabbiness frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한 unworthy of serious attention;

inappropriately silly

grandiloquence [grændíləkwənt] n. 호언장담 : pompous or bombastic speech or expression

gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy 화려한; 야한; 미사여구를 쓴 showy in a tasteless or vulgar

way grandiloquent ↔ secretive secretive 숨기는 having or marked by an inclination to secrecy; not

open, forthright, or frank

grandiose [grǽndiòus] a. 웅장한; 젠체하는, 거드름 피우는 1. characterized by greatness of scope or intent; grand 2. characterized by feigned or affected grandeur; pompous

ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility (OPPOSITE) grandiose ↔ humble, trivial, modest humble 겸손한; 하급의, 작은

grandstand [grændstæ nd] v. (관중을 의식한) 화려한 플레이를 하다

to perform ostentatiously so as to impress an audience grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive :: proselytize : convert

granite [grǽnit] 화강암

hydrogen : atom :: granite : rock

grant [grænt, grɑːnt] v.t. 인정하다 1. to consent to the fulfillment of 2. to accord as a favor, prerogative, or privilege 3. a. to bestow; confer b. to transfer (property) by a deed 4. to concede; acknowledge

concede ↔ refuse to grant withhold ↔ grant withhold 보류하다; 만류하다 to keep in check; to refrain from giving,

granting, or permitting

grapevine [gréipvàin] n. 포도 덩굴; 유언비어, 낭설 1. a vine on which grapes grow 2. a. the informal transmission of information, gossip, or

rumor from person to person b. a usually unrevealed source of confidential information

grapevine ↔ official news

grapple [grǽpəl] n/v. 갈고리/갈고리로 걸다 : the act or an instance of grappling, a hand-to-hand struggle,

a contest for superiority or mastery

grate [greit] v. 비비다, 갈다; 삐걱거리다; 불쾌감을 주다 1. to reduce to fragments, shreds, or powder by rubbing

against an abrasive surface 2. to cause to make a harsh grinding or rasping sound

through friction 3. to irritate or annoy persistently

grating : sound :: acrid : odor :: fetid : smell acrid (맛, 냄새가) 찌르는 듯한, 얼얼한; 신랄한 fetid 악취가 나는, 냄새가 고약한 having an offensive odor

grate ↔ soothe grating ↔ soothing

gratify [grǽtəfài] v.t. 만족감을 주다 1. to please or satisfy

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2. to give what is desired to; indulge gratify : desire :: slake : thirst slake (갈증, 욕망 등을) 채우다; 달래다, 진정시키다; 약화시키다

aggrieve, irk, rile, nettle, displease ↔ gratify aggrieve 억누르다; 괴롭히다 irk 안달 나게 하다, 괴롭히다 to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing

to rile 화나게 하다; 휘저어 흐리게 하다 to stir to anger; to stir up

(liquid) nettle 쐐기풀로 찌르다; 안달 나게 하다 to irritate; vex

gratis [gréitis, grǽt-] a. 무료의 : FREE : without charge

gratuitous [grətjúːətəs] a. 무료의, 근거 없는(unwarranted), 정당하지 않은(unjustified), 여분의

1. given or granted without return or recompense; unearned

2. given or received without cost or obligation; free 3. unnecessary or unwarranted; unjustified

gratuitous : justification :: gratuitous ↔ earned, paid gratuitous ↔ based, well-founded gratuitous ↔ justified, warranted, justifiable, merited, deserved warrant 허가, 정당한 이유; 담보, 보증 deserved 그만한 가치가 있는, 정당한

grave [greiv] n. 무덤, a. 엄숙한, 장엄한; 심각한; 침착한; 중요

한 v. 새기다 1. requiring serious thought; momentous 2. fraught with danger or harm 3. dignified and somber in conduct or character 4. somber or dark in hue

grave ↔ insignificant, trivial grave ↔ flippant, giddy, droll giddy 경솔한, 경박한

gravel [grǽv:əl] n. (집합적) 자갈 v. 자갈을 깔다, 어리둥절하

게 하다, 괴롭히다 a. 귀에 거슬리는 * gravelly 자갈의, 자갈이 많은, 신경질나게 하는 a gravelly

voice 귀에 거슬리는 목소리 gravel : pebble :: crowd : person : bouquet : flower gravel, gravelly ↔ mellifluous gravelly ↔ mellifluous gravelly 신경질나게 하는 (귀에 거슬리는)

gravity [grǽvəti] n. 중력; 무게, 중량; 진지함, 위엄 1. grave consequence; seriousness or importance 2. solemnity or dignity of manner

frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운 brash 성급한; 버릇없는, 무례한

droll, insignificant ↔ grave droll 까부는, 우스꽝스러운 amusingly odd or whimsically comical

flippancy, giddiness ↔ gravity flippant 경박한; 덤벙 는 marked by disrespectful levity or

casualness; pert giddy 경솔한, 경박한; 즉흥적인

greedy [gri:di] 1. excessively desirous of acquiring or possessing,

especially wishing to possess more than what one needs or deserves

2. wanting to eat or drink more than one can reasonably consume; gluttonous

3. extremely eager or desirous greed ↔ aversion, distaste, temperance greedy ↔ generous

green a. 초록의; 푸성귀의; 젊은, 활기 있는; 덜 익은, 미가공의;

경험 없는, 풋내기의 experience : green :: pelf : impecunious pelf 돈, 부(富)

inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pertinacious 고수하는, 끈질긴, 집요한

gregarious [grigɛ əriəs] a. 사교적인, 군거성의 : SOCIAL 1. seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable 2. tending to move in or form a group with others of the

same kind poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람 recluse; a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and

often in solitude gregarious ↔ aloof, prefer solitude, reserved, unsociable, antogonistic aloof 떨어져, 초연하게 distant physically or emotionally; reserved and

remote

grievous [gríːvəs] a. 통탄할, 지독한, 몹시 아픈 1. causing grief, pain, or anguish 2. serious or dire; grave

grieve to cause to be sorrowful; distress dire 무서운, 비참한; 긴박한, 극단적인

smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow smart 쑤시고 아프다; 기분이 상하다

solace : grief :: pacification : anger solace [sáləs] 위안(이 되는 것) comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or

distress; consolation grievous ↔ slight, joyous

grift [grift] v. (남을) 사기치다

grill [gríːvəs] v. 석쇠에 굽다; 엄하게 심문하다 : to question intensely 1. to broil on a gridiron(석쇠) 2. to torture or afflict as if by broiling 3. (informal) to question relentlessly; cross-examine 4. to mark or emboss with a gridiron

question : grill :: (A << B)

grim [grim] 엄격한, 타협을 모르는 UNRELENTING

grimace [gríməs, griméis] n. 우거지상 : a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt,

or disgust contortion : body :: grimace : face :: chagrin : mind contortion (얼굴, 몸 등의) 뒤틀림, 경련; 왜곡 contort; to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape chagrin 원통함, 분함

grimace : pain :: chortle : amusement (A shows B) (flinch : fear는 오답) flinch 움찔하다, 물러서다

grin [grin] vi. 방긋 웃다, 씩 웃다 : to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good

humor pout ↔ grin pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다

gripe [graip] v.t. 괴롭히다, 안달 나게 하다 : to irritate; annoy 1. (informal) to irritate; annoy 2. to cause sharp pain in the bowels of 3. to grasp; seize 4. to oppress or afflict

gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration

grisly [grízli] a. 소름 끼치는 : inspiring repugnance; gruesome

gruesome 오싹해지는, 소름끼치는 causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking

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grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh droll [droul] 까부는, 우스꽝스러운 amusingly odd or whimsically

comical

groove [gruːv] v. 홈을 파다 grooved : striation :: braided : strand striate 홈을 내다 strand (꼰) 밧줄, (밧줄 등을) 꼬다

striated : groove :: dappled : spot

grotesque [groutésk] a. 괴상한 : FANCIFUL, BIZARRE 1. characterized by ludicrous or incongruous distortion, as

of appearance or manner 2. outlandish or bizarre, as in character or appearance 3. of, relating to, or being the grotesque style in art or a

work executed in this style

grotto [grɑ tou / grɔ t-] n. 작은 동굴 : a small cave or cavern

grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel arroyo [ərɔiou] 작은 시내; 작은 협곡

grouch [graut∫] v. 시무룩해지다, 투덜거리다 n. 토라진 사람, 투덜

거림 1. a habitually complaining or irritable person 2. a grumbling or sulky mood: in a grouch about the long

line for tickets 3. a complaint; a grudge: had only one grouch against the

landlord 동사 : To grumble or sulk

grouch : irritable :: wag : droll wag v. 머리, 꼬리 / 혀 등이 쉴 새 없이 움직이다 n. 익살꾼, 재치가 풍부한 사람

groundless [gráundlis] adj. 근거(이유, 까닭) 없는, 사실 무근의 groundless ↔ substantial, well-founded, persuasive, justifiable, logical, justified

grouse [graus] 투덜 다(grumble), 불평하다 : to complain; grumble

grouse ↔ rejoice

grove [grouv] n. 작은 숲; 과수원 1. a small wood or stand of trees that lacks dense

undergrowth 2. a group of trees planted and cultivated for the

production of fruit or nuts grove : trees :: archipelago : islands

grovel [grɑ vəl, grʌ vəl / grɔ vəl] vi. 비굴하게 굴다; 기다, 엎드려 기다

1. to behave in a servile or demeaning manner; cringe 2. to lie or creep in a prostrate position, as in subservience

or humility 3. to give oneself over to base pleasure

pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (A하면 B하기 어렵다) pluck v. 잡아 뽑다, 털을 뽑다 n. 용기

minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary minion 앞잡이, 부하; 아첨꾼 petition 청원하다, 탄원하다

imperious : grovel :: (OPPOSITE) groveling ↔ supercilious, imperious, arrogant, domineering supercilious 거만한, 건방진 domineering 오만한, 폭군적인

growl v. 으르렁거리다, 고함치다, 투덜거리다; 성나서 말하다 1. to emit a low, guttural sound or utterance 2. to speak in an angry or surly manner

growl : guttural ::

grudge [grʌdʒ] n. 원한, 유감, 악의 : a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor

grudge ↔ goodwill

grueling [grúːəliŋ] 기진맥진하게 하는; 심한, 지독한 : physically or mentally demanding to the point of exhaustion

grueling ↔ effortless, easy, pleasing effortless : 노력이 필요없는, 쉬운

gruesome [grú:səm] 무서워서 오싹해지는, 소름끼치는; GHASTLY, HORRIBLE

: causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking: a gruesome murder

gruesome : repugnance :: sublime : awe (A는 B의 원인이 됨)

gruff [gr f] a. 거친소리의, 거친, 퉁명스런 1. brusque or stern in manner or appearance: a gruff reply 2. hoarse; harsh: a gruff voice

gruffness : convival :: gruff : congenial :: gruff ↔ amenable

grumble [grʌ mbəl] v. 불평하다, 투덜거리다 1. to complain in a surly manner; mutter discontentedly 2. to rumble or growl

grumble : discontent :: crow : exultation (warn : danger, snub : envy는 오답)

guarantee [gæ rəntíː] v.t. 보증하다 vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee vouch 보증하다; 뒷받침하다

guffaw [gʌfɔ ː, gə-] v. (천하게) 박장 소하다 n. 깔깔 웃음 : to laugh heartily and boisterously(난폭하고 시끄럽게 야단법석

으로 크게 웃는 것) growl : guttural :: (A는 B의 특성을 지닌)

guile [gail] n. 엉큼함, 꾸밈 : DUPLICITY : treacherous cunning; skillful deceit * guileless

acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (OPPOSITE) acrid (맛, 냄새가) 얼얼한; 신랄한

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE) blemish 해치다, 더럽히다, 손상하다 to mar or impair by a flaw

impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE) guile : artless :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination gullible 속기 쉬운, 잘 넘어가는 easily deceived or duped chicanery 얼버무리기, 발뺌 deception by trickery or sophistry

guile : naif :: tardy : prompt :: sensibility : boor :: purpose : aimless (OPPOSITE) naif, naive 순진한; 고지식한, 잘 속아 넘어가는

artless ↔ cunning, guile guileless ↔ manipulative, artful, disingenuous manipulative 조작할 수 있는; 속일 수 있는

guilt [gilt] n. 죄책감, 가책 : SELF-REPROACH 1. the fact of being responsible for the commission of an

offense 2. (law) culpability for a crime or lesser breach of regulations

that carries a legal penalty 3. a. remorseful awareness of having done something wrong b. self-reproach for supposed inadequacy or wrongdoing 4. guilty conduct; sin

narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B) blame 책망, 비난; (실패 등의) 책임

guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose expiation 속죄(의 방법/행위)

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innocence ↔ guilt

gullible [gʌ ləbəl] a. 잘 속는 : easily duped or cheated

compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination gullibility : discernment :: ambivalence : commitment :: misconduct : rectitude (deft : competence는 오답)

gullible : credulity :: vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A = B하기 어려운) wary 조심하는, 신중한 on guard; watchful; characterized by caution

gullible ↔ suspicious, untrusting

gully [gʌ li] n. 작은 협곡, 계곡; 도랑 : a deep ditch or channel cut in the earth by running water

after a prolonged downpour mountain : gully :: gully : erosion :: callus : friction (dewdrop : evaporation은 오답)

gulp [g lp] v. 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마시다, 삼키다; 숨이 막히다, 목메다 1. to swallow greedily or rapidly in large amounts 2. to choke back by or as if by swallowing

gum [gʌm] n. 고무 resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant resin 수지; 송진

gush [gʌʃ] n. v. 분출(하다) 1. to flow forth suddenly in great volume 2. to emit a sudden and abundant flow, as of tears 3. to make an excessive display of sentiment or enthusiasm

blast : whiff :: gush : trickle whiff 한 번 불기, 한 모금 trickle (액체가) 조금씩 흐르다, 똑똑 떨어지다; 새다, 조금씩 나오

다 gush : effusive :: rage : irate :: fulminate : irate (동 : 형) irate 화난 extremely angry; enraged fulminate 큰 소리로 폭발하다; 격렬하게 비난하다

gust [gʌst] n. 돌풍 1. a strong, abrupt rush of wind 2. a sudden burst, as of rain or smoke 3. an outburst of emotion

gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: flare : light :: yank : pull (갑자기 suddenly B하는 것=A) yank 홱 잡아당기다 cloudburst 호우; 다량 a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour

guttural [gʌ tərəl] adj. 목구멍(throat)의, 목쉰 소리의(harsh, throaty); [聲] 후두음의, 연구개음의

1. Of or relating to the throat. 2. Having a harsh, grating quality, as certain sounds

produced in the back of the mouth. 3. Linguistics. Velar.

growl : guttural :: growl : to emit a low, guttural sound

guzzle [gʌ zəl] v. 폭음하다; 낭비하다 : to drink greedily or habitually; to consume to excess

complain : carp :: drink : guzzle (A << B) carp 트집 잡다, 당치 않은 소리를 늘어놓다 to find fault in a

disagreeable way; complain fretfully fretful 안달하는, 언짢아하는

H habit [hǽbit]

1. a. a recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired through frequent repetition

b. an established disposition of the mind or character 2. customary manner or practice 3. an addiction, especially to a narcotic drug 4. physical constitution 5. characteristic appearance, form, or manner of growth,

especially of a plant or crystal 6. a. a distinctive dress or costume, especially of a religious

order b. a riding habit (승마복) habit ↔ unwonted behavior

habitable [hǽbətəbəl] a. 거주할 수 있는 : suitable to live in or on; inhabitable

potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling untenable ↔ habitable untenable (명제가) 지지할 수 없는; 살기에 부적합한

hack [hæk] v. 난도질하다, 마구 자르다; (땅, 흙을) 파다, 갈다; (문장을 삭제하여) 엉망으로 만들다, 망치다 1. to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows 2. to break up the surface of (soil) n. 돈독 올라 일하는 놈 a person who works solely for

mercenary reasons mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer mercenary 보수가 목적인; (군인이 용병으로) 고용된

hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (A >> B) engrave 새기다, 조각하다

hackneyed [hæ knid] a. 진부한 : overfamiliar through overuse; trite; lacking in freshness or

originality windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE) windy 바람이 부는; 격렬한, 사납고 거센; 알맹이 없는, 공허한; 수다

스러운 equivocation : misleading :: bromide, cliche : hackneyed bromide 평범한 사람; 진부한 이야기 a commonplace remark or

notion; a platitude hackneyed ↔ fresh, offbeat, singular, original, new, noteworthy, innovative offbeat n. 약한 박자 a. 색다른 not conforming to an ordinary type or

pattern; unconventional singular 뛰어난, 보기 드문, 유일한

bromide ↔ unhackneyed person unhackneyed ↔ trite trite; lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition;

hackneyed

haggard [hǽgərd] a. 몹시 수척한, 초췌한 GAUNT n. 야생 매

hairbreadth, hairsbreadth, hair's-breadth [h ərbredθ] n. adj. 아주 가까운; extremely close

hairbreadth ↔ ample margin, widely margin

halcyon [hǽlsiən] a. 평온한; 풍요로운 n. 호반새 1. peaceful; tranquil 2. prosperous; golden

halcyon ↔ tempestuous, stormy, miserable, turbulent, violent, ominous, excited, dark, tumultuous, miserable

hale [heil] a. 정정한, 원기 왕성한 : SOUND : free from defect, disease, or infirmity; sound

hale ↔ infirm, effete, blighted, wan, anemic, decrepit, frail, gaunt effete [ifí:t] 기운이 빠진, 쇠약한 blight 말라죽게 하다; 망치다, 파멸시키다 wan [wan] 창백한, 파리한; 병약한, 힘없는; (빛 등이) 희미한 anemic 빈혈의; 무기력한

half-baked [hæfbéikt, hɑːfbéikt] a. 설익은; 미숙한, 불완전한 1. only partly baked

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2. (informal) insufficiently thought out; ill-conceived 3. (informal) exhibiting a lack of good judgment or

common sense half-baked ↔ well thought of, complete

halfhearted [hæfhɑ ːrtid, hɑːfhɑ ːrtid] a. 열성이 없는 exhibiting or feeling little interest, enthusiasm, or heart; uninspired

halfhearted ↔ enthusiastic

hallmark [hɔ :lmà:rk] n. 순도 검증 각인, 품질 증명; 특질, 특징 1. a mark indicating quality or excellence 2. a mark used in England to stamp gold and silver articles

that meet established standards of purity 3. a conspicuous feature or characteristic

hallmark ↔ uncharacteristic feature

hallow [hǽlou] v. 신성하게 하다; 경배하다 1. to make or set apart as holy 2. to respect or honor greatly; revere

hallow ↔ desecrate desecrate [désəkrèit] 신성을 빼앗다, 모독하다 to violate the

sacredness of; profane

hallucination [həlùːsənéiʃən] n. 환각, 환영; 착각, 망상 : false perception 1. a. false or distorted perception of objects or events with

a compelling sense of their reality, usually resulting from a mental disorder or as a response to a drug b. the objects or events so perceived

2. a false or mistaken idea; a delusion delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception delusion 현혹, 기만; 망상 a false belief or opinion

halting [hɔ ːltiŋ] a. 일관성 없는, 우물쭈물하는, 주저하는 1. hesitant or wavering 2. imperfect; defective

stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous halting ↔ glib, fluent

ham-handed [hǽmhǽndid] a. 서투른; 손이 몹시 큰 1. clumsy; maladroit; heavy-handed 2. having unusually large hands

ham-handed ↔ deft, adroit

hammer [hǽmə:r] v. 망치질하다, 망치질로 만들다; 강요하다 1. to hit, especially repeatedly, with or as if with a hammer;

pound 2. to beat into a shape with or as if with a hammer 3. to put together, fasten, or seal, particularly with nails, by

hammering 4. to force upon by constant repetition

hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar hammer : carpenter :: knife : butcher

hammering [hǽməriŋ] adj. 명심(각인)시키는 : to make repeated efforts ; to reiterate an opinion or

attitude

hamper [hǽmpər] v.t. 방해하다 : IMPEDE : to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of

n. 큰 바구니; 빨래 광주리 damage : ruin :: hamper : thwart (A=B) laundry : hamper :: mail : mailbox seminal ↔ hampering further development seminal 정액의; 창의적인(creative); 발달 가능성이 있는

hamper ↔ facilitate, help, allow, unfetter, liberate facilitate 촉진하다, 쉽게 만들다 to make easy or easier

hamstring [hǽmstrìŋ] v.t. (힘줄을 잘라) 무력화시키다; 좌절시

키다 : CRIPPLE 1. to cut the hamstring of (an animal or a person) and

thereby cripple 2. to make ineffective or powerless; to destroy or hinder the

efficiency of; frustrate hamstring : effectiveness, efficaciousness :: enervate : vitality, strength :: retard : process (B는 A의 대상)

hamstring ↔ mafke efficient

handle [hǽndl] v.t. 다루다 cumbersome ↔ easy to handle cumbersome 부담이 되는, 성가신, 거추장스러운 difficult to handle

because of weight or bulk

hangdog [hæŋdɔ (ː)g, hæŋdɑ g] a. 겁먹은; 풀이 죽은 : SAD, DEJECTED

1. shamefaced or guilty 2. downcast; intimidated

hangdog ↔ buoyant, elated, merry, sprightly, cheerful

hankering [hǽŋkəriŋ] n. 갈망, 열망 : YEARN : a strong or persistent desire hanker v. to have a strong, often restless desire

hankering ↔ lack of desire, aversion, hate, odium

haphazard [hǽphæzərd] a. 계획성 없는, 될 로 되라는 식의 : dependent upon or characterized by mere chance

haphazard : planning :: gauche : finesse haphazard ↔ systematic, methodical, orderly, planned methodical 정연한, 질서있는, 조직적인, 꼼꼼한

hapless [hǽplis] a. 불행한 luckless; unfortunate hapless ↔ fortunate, lucky, fortuitous

happy 1. characterized by good luck; fortunate 2. enjoying, showing, or marked by pleasure, satisfaction, or

joy 3. being especially well-adapted; felicitous 4. cheerful; willing

happy ↔ infelicitous infelicitous 불행한, 불운한; 서투른

harangue [hərǽŋ] v. 열변을 토하다 n. 연설, 열변, 비난 1. a long, pompous speech, especially one delivered before a

gathering 2. a speech or piece of writing characterized by strong feeling

or expression; a tirade harangue : mollify :: harangue ↔ speak temperately

harass [hǽrəs, hərǽs] v. 괴롭히다, 귀찮게 굴다 1. to irritate or torment persistently 2. to wear out; exhaust 3. to impede and exhaust (an enemy) by repeated attacks or

raids haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating haunt 자주 들르다; 끊임없이 떠오르다 morass 습지; 곤경, 난국 harass ↔ delight, soothe, gratify

harbinger [hɑ ːrbindʒər] n. 선구자, 전조 : PRECURSOR : one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a

forerunner harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify presage 예감, 전조, 조짐 archetype 원형, 전형

harbor [hɑ ːrbər] n. 항구 v. 거처를 제공하다 : to give shelter to; to provide a place, home, or habitat for

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harbor ↔ evict, fail to shelter

hard-bitten [hɑːrdbítn] a. 산전수전 다 겪은 : toughened by experience

hard-bitten ↔ tender

hard-boiled [hɑ :rdbɔ ild] a. 무정한, 현실적인 1. cooked by boiling in the shell to a solid consistency.

Used of eggs 2. callous; unfeeling 3. unsentimental and practical; tough

hard-boiled ↔ impractical, sentimental

hardheaded [hɑːrdhédid] a. 완고한; 실제적인 1. stubborn; willful 2. realistic; pragmatic

hard-line [hɑ ːrdláin] 신조를 굽히지 않는 : firm and uncompromising, as in policy, position, or stance

hard-liner ↔ compromise

hardy [hɑ ːrdi] a. 튼튼한; 담한, 용감한; 뻔뻔스러운 1. being in robust and sturdy good health 2. courageous; intrepid 3. brazenly daring; audacious 4. capable of surviving unfavorable conditions, such as cold

weather or lack of moisture hardy ↔ feeble, tender, infirm, whimsical hardness ↔ frailty

harebrained [hɛərbrèind] a. 경솔한, 무모한 : FOOLISH foolish; flighty

harebrained ↔ deliberate, sober, patient, grave, judicious, sensible, sapient

harmonious [hɑːrmóuniəs] a. 조화로운 1. exhibiting accord in feeling or action 2. having component elements pleasingly or appropriately

combined 3. characterized by harmony of sound; melodious * harmony n.

harmony : congruity :: clandestine : secrecy harmonious ↔ acrimonious, cacophonous acrimonious 지독한, 독살스런, 신랄한 bitter and sharp in language

or tone; rancorous harmony ↔ discord, contention

harness [hɑ ːrnis] v.t. (말에) 마구를 달다; 이용하다 1. a. to put a harness on b. to fasten by the use of a harness 2. to bring under control and direct the force of

harness ↔ fail to utilize

harp [hɑːrp] n. 하프 horn : blow :: harp : pluck

harrow [hǽrou] v. (땅을) 써레로 고르다/갈다; 괴롭히다, 못살게 굴다

1. to break up and level (soil or land) with a harrow 2. to inflict great distress or torment on

harrow ↔ mollify, assuage, soothe

harry [hǽri] v. 괴롭히다; (남에게) 조르다; 약탈하다 n. 고뇌, 침략, 약탈

My publisher is ∼ing me to write another book. 출판사에서 나에게 책을 하나 더 쓰라고 조르고 있다.

1. to disturb or distress by or as if by repeated attacks; harass

2. to raid, as in war; sack or pillage harry : pacific :: harry ↔ comfort, mollify, untrouble, appease, leave undisturbed,

assuage, relieve, soothe harried ↔ untroubled

harsh [hɑːrʃ] a. 가혹한 1. unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch 2. disagreeable to the senses, especially to the sense of

hearing 3. extremely severe or exacting; stern

barb : caustic :: pan : harsh pan 혹평

harshen ↔ soften encomium ↔ harsh criticism encomium 찬사 warm, glowing praise; a formal expression of praise; a

tribute mollycoddle ↔ treat harshly mollycoddle 응석받이, 사내답지 못한 사람

paean ↔ harshly lampoon paean [pí:ən] 찬가, 승리의 노래 lampoon 빈정거리다, 놀리다 to ridicule or satirize in or as if in a

lampoon harsh ↔ serene

hasten [héisn] v.t. 서두르다 : to move or act quickly

hasten ↔ slow the progress of, check, retard

hasty [héisti] a. 성미 급한, 경솔한 1. characterized by speed; rapid 2. done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise; rash 3. easily angered; irritable * haste n. 신속, 급속, 서두름

haste ↔ sluggishness, foot-dragging, dilatoriness hasty ↔ characterized by deliberation, well considered, deliberate

hatch [hætʃ] n. (배의 갑판에 있는) 해치; 출입구; 쪽문 1. a. an opening, as in the deck of a ship, in the roof or floor

of a building, or in an aircraft b. the cover for such an opening c. a hatchway

2. the hinged rear door of a hatchback 3. a floodgate

hatchway 승강구, 출입구 door : room :: hatch : hold

haughty [hɔ :ti] a. 거만(오만)한, 불손한 haughty ↔ humble, modest, self-effacing, unassuming, obliging haughtiness ↔ humility

haunt [hɔːnt, hɑːnt] v.t. 자주 가다; 자꾸 떠오르다 : FREQUENT

1. to inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost or other supernatural being

2. to visit often; frequent 3. to come to mind continually 4. to be continually present in; pervade

haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating morass 늪지; 곤경 something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms

persecute : injure :: haunt : remember persecute 학 하다; 귀찮게 괴롭히다

haunt ↔ shun, infrequency shun 피하다 to avoid deliberately; keep away from shunt (철도) 다른 궤도로 바꾸다 n. 전철기(switch)

frequent ↔ avoid

hauteur [houtə ːr] n. 거만함 : ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS : haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance

fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다

hauteur ↔ humility, humbleness

haven [héivən] 항구, 피난처; 안식처

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1. a harbor or an anchorage; a port 2. a place of refuge or rest; a sanctuary

haven : danger :: nirvana : suffering haven ↔ unsafe place, dangerous place

havoc [hǽvək] n. 혼란 1. widespread destruction; devastation 2. disorder or chaos

furor, havoc ↔ serenity

haze [heiz] n. 옅은 안개; 몽롱(한 상태) 1. a. atmospheric moisture, dust, smoke, and vapor that

diminishes visibility b. a partially opaque covering 2. a vague or confused state of mind

headlong [hedlɔ ːŋ / hedlɔ ŋ] a. 거꾸로의; 저돌적인 1. with the head leading; headfirst 2. in an impetuous manner; rashly 3. at breakneck speed or with uncontrolled force

headlong : deliberation :: headlong ↔ deliberate

headstrong [hedstrɔ ːŋ, hedstrɑ ŋ] a. 고집 센 1. determined to have one's own way; stubbornly and often

recklessly willful 2. resulting from willfulness and obstinacy

headstrong : willfulness :: willful 계획적인, 고의의; 고집 센, 옹고집의 obstinately bent on

having one's own way headstrong :advice :: secretive : scrutiny (callous : sympathy는 오답) headstrong ↔ tractable

hearken, harken [hɑ ːrkən] v. 귀를 기울이다, 경청하다 : to listen attentively; give heed

hearken ↔ ignore

heart [hɑːrt] v.t. 격려하다 : to encourage; hearten

mollify : anger :: heart, hearten : dejection

hearten [hɑ :rtn] v. 기운/용기를 북돋우다; 격려/고무하다 : to give strength, courage, or hope to; encourage * enhearten = hearten

hearten : dejected :: enhearten, hearten ↔ dampen, weaken dismay, daunt ↔ hearten daunt 위협하다, 위압하다; 기죽게 하다

heart-rending [hɑːrtrèndiŋ] a. 가슴이 찢어질 듯한 : causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep sympathy

heartrending : sad :: deafening : loud :: earsplitting : loud (A >> B) earsplitting loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears

heartsick [há:rtsik] adj. 깊이 고민하는, 비탄에 잠긴, 몹시 상심한 heartsick ↔ blithe, spirited

heated [híːtid] adj. 화난/격렬한 : marked by anger or passion

heated ↔ temperate, tempered

heckle [hékəl] v. 괴롭히다, 질문 공세를 퍼붓다, 조롱하다 : to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges,

or gibes : BADGER synonyms see BAIT (PP2에 나옴) heckle ↔ assuage, mollify, pacify

hectic [héktik] adj. 매우 흥분한, 법석을 떠는 1. Characterized by intense activity, confusion, or haste. 2. Medicine. Of, relating to, or being a fever that fluctuates

during the day, as in tuberculosis or septicemia. 3. Consumptive; feverish. 4. Flushed.

hectic ↔ calm

hedge [hedʒ] n. 울타리; (금전 손실에 한) 방어 1. a row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees

forming a fence or boundary 2. a linen of people or objects forming a barrier 3. a. a means of protection or defense, especially against

financial loss b. a securities transaction that reduces the risk on an existing investment position

4. an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement * hedgerow 생울타리

hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter (A ∈ B, 혹은 A는 B의 기능을 함) hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination quarantine (질병 감염 방어를 위한) 격리; 검역소

safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss

hedonism [híːdənìzəm] n. 쾌락주의 : pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the

pleasures of the senses * hedonist; a person whose life is devoted to the pursuit of

pleasure and self-gratification * hedonic [hidɑ nik] a. 향락적인, 쾌락설의 1. of, relating to, or marked by pleasure 2. of or relating to hedonism or hedonists

hedonist : pleasure :: recluse : privacy :: narcissist : self hedonistic ↔ ascetic hedonic, hedonist ↔ ascetic hedonism, indulgence ↔ ascetism

heed [hi:d] v. (~에) 주의하다 n. 주의, 조심, 유의 heed ↔ flout (demur, linger, insult는 오답)

hegemony [hidʒéməni] n. 헤게모니; 주도권; 우위, 지배, 패권 : the predominant influence of one state over others

hegemony ↔ lack of authority

heinous [héinəs] a. 증오할, 아주 나쁜 : ABOMINABLE : grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable

heinous : laudable :: heinous ↔ admirable heinous ↔ commendable, laudable, venial venial 용서할 수 있는, (죄가) 가벼운 easily excused or forgiven;

pardonable

heirloom [ɛ ərlùːm] n. 세습 제산 : a valued possession passed down in a family through

succeeding generations heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator bequest 유증; 유산 bequeath 유언으로 증여하다; 남기다, 전하다 testator 유언자 one who has made a legally valid will before death

helmet [hélmit] n. 헬멧, 투구 helmet : injury :: amulet : evil

helter-skelter [helterskélter] adv. 허둥지둥, 엉터리로 a. 허둥거

리는, 난잡한 n. 혼돈, 당황 helter-skelter ↔ moderate, orderly, steadfast, calm, steady, ordered, organized, systematic, methodical, prudent

hem [hem] n. 옷단; 가장자리 v. 둘러싸다, 가두어 넣다, 에헴이라

고 말을 하다, 말을 더듬다 명사 1. an edge or a border on a piece of cloth, especially a

finished edge, as for a garment or curtain, made by folding the selvage edge under and stitching it down

2. the height or level of the bottom edge of a skirt, dress, or coat; a hemline

동사 1. to utter a hem

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2. to hesitate in speech selvage (옷, 피륙 등의) 가장자리 hemline (스커트, 드레스 등의) 옷단의 공그른 선

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel hem ↔ speak directly, release, let go

hemostatic [hìːməstǽtik, hèm-] a. 지혈의 : acting to arrest bleeding or hemorrhage

styptic 수렴성의, 지혈의 stanch (액체, 특히 피를) 멎게 하다; 누그러뜨리다, 달래다

herald [hérəld] v.t. 공표하다 : ANNOUNCE, PROCLAIM unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement unherald ↔ proclaim

herbicide [hə ːrbəsàid] n. 제초제 : WEED-KILLER insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide pesticide 살충제

hereditary [hirédətèri / -təri] a. 유전의 hereditary ↔ acquired

heretic [hérətik] n. 이교도, 이단자 a. 이단의(=heretical) : a person who holds controversial opinions, especially one

who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

* heresy [hérəsi] n. 이단, 반론 1. a. an opinion or a doctrine at variance with established

religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member

b. adherence to such dissenting opinion or doctrine 2. a. a controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as

in politics, philosophy, or science b. adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion

heresy : orthodoxy :: apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B 버린 상태 = A) apostasy 배교; 변절, 배신, 탈당 recant 철회하다 to make a formal retraction or disavowal of

heretic : nonconformity :: apologist : defend :: generous : liberality (authority : superiority는 오답)

heretic : dissent :: connoisseur : excel (A는 B의 특성을 가짐) (authentication : superior는 오답)

heresy ↔ dogma, orthodoxy dogma 교리, 정설

heretic ↔ purist purist one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in the

use of words doctrine : heretical :: course : errant generous : liberality :: heretical : unconformity

hermetic [hə:rmétik] a. 기 의, 폐된; 신비학의, 연금술의 1. completely sealed, especially against the escape or entry

of air 2. impervious to outside interference or influence 3. often Hermetic (mythology) a. of or relating to Hermes Trismegistus or the works

ascribed to him b. having to do with the occult sciences, especially

alchemy; magical hermetic ↔ easily comprehended

hermit [hə ːrmit] n. 은둔자 : RECLUSE : a person who has withdrawn from society and lives a

solitary existence; a recluse * hermitage n. 은둔 생활, 은신처

vegetarian : meat :: hermit : society hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude 은퇴시키다, 고립시키다 to set or keep apart, as from social

contact with others

landmark 경계표; 획기적인 사건

herpetology [hə ːrpətɑ lədʒist / -tɔ l-] n. 파충류학 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology [ìkθiálədʒi] 어류학

herpetology [hə ːrpətɑ lədʒist / -tɔ l-] n. 파충류학 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

hesitance, hesitancy [hézətəns] n. 주저함, 망설임; 우유부단 impetuous : hesitating :: irrepressible : servile impetuous 충동적인; 맹렬한 irrepressible 제지할 수 없는; 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible to

control or restrain parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance profligate 방탕한; 낭비하는

impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride hubris 교만 overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance

alacrity, impetuosity ↔ dilatoriness, hesitance dilatory 꾸물거리는; 지연하는 intended to delay; tending to postpone

or delay impetuosity ↔ hesitance, vacillation

heterodox [he tərədɑ ks / -dɔ ks] a. 이단의 1. not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in

church doctrine or dogma 2. holding unorthodox opinions

heterodox : nonconformity :: authority : superiority (A have B) doctrinal : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied (OPPOSITE) heterodox : convention :: (OPPOSITE) heterodox : orthodox :: heterodox ↔ conventional, orthodox

heyday [héidéi] n. 한창때, 절정, 전성기 heyday ↔ lowest point, nadir (pandemonium은 오답)

hiatus [haiéitəs] n. 틈 1. a break in or as if in a material object : GAP 2. a gap or passage in an anatomical part or organ

hiatus ↔ nexus

hidebound [háidbàund] a. 편협한, 몹시 보수적인 : stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible

contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센, 반항적인 obstinately disobedient or rebellious;

insubordinate hidebound : conservative :: maniac : interested, excited (A >> B) mania; an excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire; a craze

hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure hidebound : flexibility :: carefree : responsibility hidebound ↔ flexible, liberal

hideous [hídiəs] a. 끔찍한, 소름 끼치는; (도덕적으로) 타락한, 극악무도한 1. repulsive, especially to the sight; revoltingly ugly 2. offensive to moral sensibilities

pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness pulchritude [pʌ lkritjù:d] 미모 great physical beauty and appeal

affinity ↔ aversion, hideousness

hie [hai] v.t. 재촉하다 : HASTEN : to go quickly

hie ↔ dawdle dawdle 시간을 낭비하다, 게으름을 피우다

hierarch [hɑ i:ər`ａ:rk] n. 사제, 주교; 고관 1. one who occupies a position of authority in a religious

hierarchy

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2. one who occupies a high position in a hierarchy hierarch ↔ egalitarian egalitarian 평등주의자

hierarchy [háiərɑ ːrki] n. 계급 조직 echelon : hierarchy :: echelon [éʃəlàn] (함선, 군 등의) 배치; (지휘, 명령 등의) 단계,

계층 hierarchical ↔ unranked

hieroglyph [háiərəglìf] n. 상형문자; 판독이 어려운 문자 1. a picture or symbol used in hieroglyphic writing 2. something that suggests a hieroglyph

decipher : hieroglyph :: break : code (B(문자로 된 암호)를 A(풀다) :: 암호(code)를 풀다(break) break the code 암호를 해독하다) character : hieroglyph :: book : manual character; a symbol used in secret writing; a cipher or code. A mark or symbol used in a writing system. 문자(ideograph)(▷ 보통 한자(漢字)와 같은 표의 문자를 말하며, 표음 문자는 letter라고 함); 기호, 부호; <집합적> (한 체계로서의) 문자; [컴퓨터] 문자 (세트), 숫자. Greek ∼s 그리스 문자. musical ∼s 악보의 기호. an inscription in Chinese ∼s 한자의 명(銘). character

manual a small reference book

hieroglyphic [ha iərəgli fik] a. 상형문자의, 상징적인; 알아보기 어려운 1. a. of, relating to, or being a system of writing, such as

that of ancient Egypt, in which pictorial symbols are used to represent meaning or sounds of a combination of meaning and sound b. written with such symbols

2. difficult to read or decipher

high-strung [háistrʌ ŋ] adj. 긴장한, 몹시 신경질적인, 흥분하기 쉬운, 몹시 예민한

high-strung ↔ easygoing, tranquil, laid-back

hike [haik] n. 하이킹; 급격한 인상 v. 1. to go on an extended walk for pleasure or exercise 2. to rise, especially to rise upward out of place

backset ↔ hike backset 역행, 역전; 역류

hilarious [hilɛəriəs, hai-] a. 유쾌한 : characterized by or causing great merriment

hilarious : laughter :: contemptible : disdain hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (A >> B) hoary 백발의; 오래되어 예스러운

hinder [híndə:r] v. 방해하다 1. to be or get in the way of 2. to obstruct or delay the progress of

hinder ↔ further, facilitate, speed, succor further 발전시키다, 조장하다, 촉진하다

hinge [hindʒ] n. (문 등의) 경첩; 요점, 중심점 : a point or circumstance on which subsequent events

depend

hint [hint] n. 암시 : CLUE 1. a slight indication or intimation 2. a. a brief or indirect suggestion; a tip b. a statement conveying information in an indirect fashion;

a clue 3. a barely perceptible amount

nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B)

hirsute [hə :rsju:t] a. 털의, 털이 많은, 털투성이의 1. covered with hair; hairy 2. botany. covered with stiff or coarse hairs

hirsute ↔ hairless

histrionic [hìstriɑ nik / -ɔ n-] a. 배우의, 연기의, 꾸민 듯한 : THEATRICAL

1. of or relating to actors or acting 2. excessively dramatic or emotional; affected

histrionic : actor :: pedantic : scholar

hitch [hitʃ] v. (갈고리 등을) 걸다, 매다;홱 움직이다, 끌어당기다 1. to fasten or catch temporarily with or as if with a loop,

hook, or noose 2. to connect or attach, as to a vehicle 3. to move or raise by pulling or jerking

hive [haiv] n. 벌통; 북새통인 곳 1. a. a structure for housing bees, especially honeybees b. a colony of bees living in such a structure 2. a place swarming with activity

tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive tumultuous 소란스런, 무질서한 bedlam 소동, 혼란 a place or situation of noisy uproar and

confusion

hoard [hɔːrd] v. 저장하다; (생각, 사실 등을) 가슴속에 감추다 n. 저장 v. To gather or accumulate a hoard. To keep hidden or private. n. a hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: shirk : malinger dandy 멋쟁이 a man who affects extreme elegance in clothes and

manners preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다; 우쭐 다 malinger 꾀병을 부리다 to feign illness or other incapacity in order to

avoid duty or work shirk v. (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다 n. 꾀부리는 사람, 게으름쟁이

hoard : money :: lavish ↔ hoard lavish 후한; 풍부한, 넉넉한

hoard ↔ distribute, squander, dwindle, scatter, disperse

hoarse [hoə:rs] a. (목소리가) 쉰, 허스키한; 귀에 거슬리는 1. rough or grating in sound 2. having or characterized by a husky, grating voice

hoarse ↔ honeyed, mellifluent, mellifluous, smooth

hoary [hɔ ːri] a. (머리가) 반백인; 아주 오래된 : ANCIENT 1. gray or white with or as if with age 2. covered with grayish hair or pubescence 3. so old as to inspire veneration; ancient

pubescence 묘령; 솜털에 덮인 상태 puberty 사춘기, 묘령

hoary : old :: hilarious : funny :: saturated : wet (A >> B) hilarious 법석 는; 유쾌한 characterized by or causing great

merriment

hoax [houks] n. 속여먹기 : IMPOSTURE 1. an act intended to deceive or trick 2. something that has been established or accepted by

fraudulent means hoax : fraudulence :: paragon : excellence fraudulent 속이는, 부정직한

hoax : deceive :: filibuster : delay

hobble [hɑ bl / hɔ bl]/[hɑ bəl / hɔ bəl] n. 곤경(구어) be in a hobble 곤경에 빠져 있다 / 발을 절기

v. 다리 절다, 더듬거리다 : to walk or move along haltingly or with difficulty; limp. : to cause to limp 1. a hobbling movement 2. to cause to limp; make lame; CRIPPLE

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hobble : halting :: slink : furtive slink 살금살금 걷다

hobble ↔ move fluidly, move quickly

hodgepodge [hɑ dʒpɑ dʒ / hɔ dʒpɔ dʒ] n. 뒤범벅 : JUMBLE : a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble

hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble rabble 오합지졸, 어중이떠중이; 폭도

rioter : hodgepodge :: interpreter : translation :: illuminator : instruction illuminator 조명 기구; 계몽가, 교화자

hoist [hɔist] v. 인양하다, 끌어올리다 : to raise or haul up with or as if with the help of a

mechanical apparatus bolster : support :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B) tackle 도구, 용구; 도르래, 기중기; (축구 등의) 태클

hoist ↔ lower

hollow [hálou|hɔ l-] adj. 텅 빈, 내용 없는, 실속이 없는, 성실하지 못한

hollow ↔ substantial

homage [hɑ midʒ / hɔ m-] n. 존경, 경의 : RESPECT 1. ceremonial acknowledgment by a vassal of allegiance to

his lord under feudal law 2. special honor or respect shown or expressed publicly

vassal 봉신(封臣), 가신; 종자, 수하 feudal 봉건제도의, 영지의, 중세의

counsel : advice :: laud : homage (A = B를 주는 행위) homage ↔ disrespect

homely [hóumli] a. 가정적인; 검소한; 못생긴 1. not attractive or good-looking 2. lacking elegance or refinement 3. of a simple or unpretentious nature; plain 4. characteristic of the home or of home life

pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness, homeliness pulchritude 육체의 아름다움 hideous [hídiəs] 무시무시한, 소름끼치는; 가증스러운, 비열한

homily [hɑ məli / hɔ m-] n. 설교, 훈계 1. a sermon, especially one intended to edify a

congregation on a practical matter and not intended to be a theological discourse 2. a tedious moralizing lecture or admonition

parable : story :: homily : lecture (A는 B의 ‘도덕적’인 종류) parable 우화; 비유 a simple story illustrating a moral or religious

lesson homily : edifying :: edifying 교훈적인

homogenize [həmɑ dʒənàiz, houmə -/-mɔ -] v.t. 균질이 되게 하다 : to make homogeneous * homogeneous adj. * homogeneity [houmədʒəní:əti|h -] n. 균질성

miscellaneous : homogeneity :: homogenize : uniform :: putrefy : rotten (A하면 B된다) putrefy 부패하다

homogeneous ↔ motley, differential, disparate stratify ↔ homogenize stratify 층으로 만들다; 계층화하다

hone [houn] v. 숫돌로 갈다; 효과적으로 만들다 : WHET 1. to sharpen on a fine-grained whetstone 2. to perfect or make more intense or effective

hone ↔ blunt blunt; adj. v. 무디게 하다

honorarium [ɑ nərɛ əriəm / ɔ n-] n. 사례금 : a payment given to a professional person for services for

which fees are not legally or traditionally required amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful (유형 : 특성 – 편의시설은 편안하고 사례금은 고마움) amenity 예의 바른 행동/말; 쾌적함

hoodwink [húdwìŋk] v. 속이다 : to take in by deceptive means; deceive

hoodwink ↔ disabuse

horn [hɔːrn] n. 뿔; 뿔피리 : TRUMPET horn : blow :: harp : pluck (뿔피리는 불고 하프 줄은 뜯는다)

hortative, hortatory [hɔ ːrtətiv] a. 권고의, 충고의 : marked by exhortation or strong urging

didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge (형 : 동) hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir :: didactic : teach exculpatory 변명의, 죄를 벗겨주는 exculpate to clear of guilt or blame

horticulture [hɔ ːrtəkʌ ltʃər] n. 원예학 tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture

hourly [ɑ uerli] a. 매 시간의, 빈번한, 끊임없는 adv. 빈번히, 끊임없이

hovel [hʌ vəl, hɑ v-] n. 오두막집 : HUT 1. a small, miserable dwelling 2. an open, low shed

palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis

hub [hʌb] n. (바퀴의) 중심; (활동의) 중심 1. the center part of a wheel, fan, or propeller 2. a center of activity or interest; a focal point

spoke : hub :: radius : center spoke 바퀴살

hubris [hjúːbris] n. 교만 : overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride, self-confidence (A >> B) hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride :: flattery : praise hubris ↔ humility, self-effacement, subservience, self-doubt, humbleness, self-abasement

hue [hju:] n. 색조 1. The property of colors by which they can be perceived as

ranging from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light.

2. A particular gradation of color; a shade or tint. 3. Color: all the hues of the rainbow. 4. Appearance; aspect: a man of somber hue.

hue : beige :: metal : iron (종류) achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence :: transitory : permanence (A는 B가 없는)

hulking [hʌ lkiŋ] 부피가 큰; 보기 흉한 : unwieldy or bulky; massive

hulking ↔ ethereal, gossamer, lively ethereal 가벼운; 절묘한

hull [hʌl] n. 낟알, 씨앗 등의 겉껍질, 덮개 v. ~의 겉껍질을 벗기다 hull ↔ kernel

humane [hju(:)méin] a. 자비로운, 인도적인; 우아한 1. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion 2. marked by an emphasis on humanistic values and concerns

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misanthropist : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary (OPPOSITE) voluptuary 방탕아 a person whose life is given over to luxury and

sensual pleasures; a sensualist

humanitarian [hjuːmæ nətɛəriən] n. 박애주의자 : PHILANTHROPIST

one who is devoted to the promotion of human welfare and the advancement of social reforms; a philanthropist

humble [hʌ mbəl] a. 겸손한; 작은, 하급의 1. marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or

spirit; not arrogant or prideful 2. showing deferential or submissive respect 3. low in rank, quality, or station; unpretentious or lowly

dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness dour 기분이 언짢은, 음침한 bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive; pushy

impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness humility : supplicant :: resistance : adversary humble ↔ fustian supercilious, bumptious ↔ humble supercilious 거만한, 건방진 feeling or showing haughty disdain

panache, hauteur ↔ humility panache [pənǽʃ] (투구 등의) 장식; 당당한 태도, 품위, 기백 hauteur 거만, 오만 haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance

humility [hju:míləti] n. 겸손, 겸허; 비하 : the quality or condition of being humble

humility ↔ hauteur, panache hauteur 거만, 오만 panache 깃털 장식; 당당한 태도, 관록; 기백, 과시(display), 젠체

하기(pretension)

humor [hjúːmər] v.t. 어르다, 만족시키다; 비위를 맞추다 1. to comply with the wishes or ideas of 2. to adapt or accommodate oneself to

chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) chide 꾸짖다, 잔소리하다 to scold mildly so as to correct or

improve; reprimand pillory (칼을 씌워) 구경거리로 만들다; 조롱하다 to expose to

ridicule and abuse

hurl [həːrl] v.t. 세게 던지다, 내던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다 1. to throw with great force; fling 2. to send with great vigor; thrust 3. to throw down; overthrow 4. to utter vehemently

scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl [skaul] 찡그리다 to wrinkle or contract the brow as an

expression of anger or disapproval

hurricane [hə ːrəkèin, hʌ ri- / hʌ rikən] n. 허리케인 fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane (A << B) rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane (A << B) snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (snow는 precipitation 강수의 종류, hurricane은 cyclone(미국식 사고방식에 따르면 cyclone은 일반적 열대성 저기압)의 종류)

husbandry [hʌ zbəndri] n. 농업, 축산; 절약 : ECONOMY : careful management or conservation of resources;

economy husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate procrastinate 미루다 to put off doing something, especially out of

habitual carelessness or laziness husband ↔ squander squander 낭비하다 to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate

husbandry ↔ prodigality, waste husbandry ↔ mismanagement, squandering

husk [hʌsk] n. 콩류의 껍질 : SHELL

1. the outer membranous or green envelope of some fruits or seeds, as that of a walnut or an ear of corn

2. a shell or outer covering, especially when considered worthless

3. a framework serving as a support seed, corn : husk :: orange : rind :: banana : peel :: peanut : shell rind 껍질; 외관

husk ↔ core, vital part, kernel

husky [hʌ ski] a. 목소리가 쉰 : hoarse or rough in quality

husky ↔ delicate

hustle [hʌ səl] n. 치락딜치락하기 v. 서두르다; 고 나가다; 난폭하

게 다 1. to jostle or shove roughly 2. to convey in a hurried or rough manner 3. to cause or urge to proceed quickly 4. to gain by energetic effort

hustle ↔ stillness, tranquility

hybrid [háibrid] a. 잡종의 : COMPOSITE 1. (genetics) the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or

stock, especially the offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties, species, or races

2. a. something or mixed origin or composition b. something, such as a computer or power plant, having two kinds of components that produce the same or similar results

3. a word whose elements are derived from different languages

hybrid ↔ of unmixed extraction, purebred

hymn [him] n. 찬송가, 찬가; 찬양의 표현 PAEAN v. 찬양하다 1. a song of praise or thanksgiving to God or a deity 2. a song of praise or joy; a paean

hymn : praise :: elegy : sorrow :: dirge : grief :: madrigal : love (A show B)

hymn ↔ execrate(저주하다 swear, curse), deprecate (헐뜯다, 비난하다)

hyperbole [haipə ːrbəliː] n. 과장법 : a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for

emphasis or effect exaggerating : hyperbole :: malicious : ill-will :: diligent : effort anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole banter 놀림, 희롱 good-humored, playful conversation

pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel drivel [drívəl] 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보 같은 소리를 늘어놓다

hyperbolic ↔ factful, tactful hyperbole ↔ understatement

hypnotic [hipnɑ tik / -nɔ t-] a. n. 최면의, 최면제 : SOPORIFIC 1. a. of or relating to hypnosis b. of or relating to hypnotism 2. inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific * hypnosis [hipnousis] n. 최면(상태), 최면술 1. a sleeplike state usually induced by another person in

which the subject may experience forgotten or suppressed memories, hallucinations, and heightened suggestibility(암시)

2. hypnotism(최면술) 3. a sleeplike condition

hypnotic, unwitting ↔ conscious hypnotic ↔ stimulant(흥분제, 자극제), bracing(기운을 돋우는, 긴장시키는), rousing (각성시키는, 자극하는) bracing 기운을 돋우는; 떠받치는 invigorating or refreshing;

strengthening

hypocrisy [hipákrəsi|-pɔ k-] n. 위선(적인 행위)

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1. the practice of professing beliefs, feelings, or virtues that one does not hold or possess; falseness

2. an act or instance of such falseness

hypocritical [hìpəkrítikəl] a. 위선적인 authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical hypocritical ↔ ingenuous, honest

hypothetical [hàipəθétikəl] a. 가설의 1. of, relating to, or based on a hypothesis 2. a. suppositional; uncertain b. conditional; contingent

hypothetical ↔ proven

I ichthyology [ìkθiɑ lədʒist / -ɔ l-] n. 어류학

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist herpetology 양서류학

iconoclast [aikánəklæst|-kɔ n-] n. 성상 파괴자, 인습(미신) 타파

주의자 1. one who attacks and seeks to overthrow traditional or

popular ideas or institutions 2. one who destroys sacred religious images

iconoclast : attack :: philosopher : cogitate iconoclast : challenge :: gadfly : annoy (CHARACTER)

idealize [aidí(:)əlaiz] v. 이상화하다 / (사람이)이상주의적이다 idealize : esteem :: (이상화하다 : 존경(하다)) :: idealize ↔ view reality, show realistically idealize ↔ blame, condemn, criticize, denounce, mar, worsen, spoil, degrade, dishonor, lower

idiosyncrasy [i diəsi ŋkrəsi] n. 개인 특유의 성질, 경향 1. a structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an

individual or a group 2. a physiological or temperamental peculiarity 3. an unusual individual reaction to food or a drug

idiosyncratic [ìdiəsiŋkrǽtik] adj. 특유의 : characteristic peculiarity

idolater [aidɑ lətər / -dɔ l-] n. 우상 숭배자; 심취자 1. one who worships idols 2. one who blindly or excessively admires or adores

another reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe (A << B, DEFECTIVE) esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B, DEFECTIVE)

idyll [áidəl] n. 전원시, 목가; 전원 풍경/생활 1. a. a short poem or prose piece depicting a rural or

pastoral scene, usually in idealized terms b. anarrative poem treating an epic or romantic theme 2. a scene or an event of a simple and tranquil nature 3. a. a carefree episode or experience b. a romantic interlude

idyll : carefree :: ordeal : difficult ordeal 시련, 고난

idyll ↔ experience fraught with tension idyllic ↔ urbane

ignite [ignáit] v.t. 점화하다; (마음을) 불타오르게 하다 : KINDLE

1. a. to cause to burn b. to set fire to 2. to subject to great heat, especially to make luminous by

heat 3. to arouse the passions of; excite

ignite ↔ douse, extinguish, quench douse 물에 처넣다, 흠뻑 적시다 combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape

ignoble [ignóubl] a. 비열한, 야비한; 열등한, 신분이 천한 1. not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or mean 2. not of the nobility; common

ignoble ↔ eminent

ignominy [ígnəmìni] n. 불명예, 치욕, 수치스러운 일 1. great personal dishonor or humiliation 2. shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character bring ignominy to one’s family 집안망신시키다 (ex. 논문표절하는것) * ignominious [ìgnəmíniəs] a. 불명예스러운, 창피한; 경멸할 만

한 1. marked by shame or disgrace 2. deserving disgrace or shame; despicable 3. degrading; debasing

ignominious ↔ honorable, lofty, eminent, respectable, admirable ignominy ↔ eminence(고귀, 탁월), glory(영예, 명예), esteem(존중, 존경), respect(존경,경의), honor(명예, 명성/존경), honorable conduct

ignorant [ígnərənt] a. 무지한 1. lacking education or knowledge 2. showing or arising from a lack of education or knowledge 3. unaware or uninformed

subtle : ignore :: salient : observe (A = B하기 쉬운) salient 두드러진, 현저한; 튀어나온

erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered

ignore v. ~을 무시하다, 묵살하다, 승인하지 않다, 기각하다 To refuse to pay attention to; disregard. * 등한시하고 무시, 경시하는 것이지 ‘경멸’하는 것이 아님(중국 10회 3회 15번)

ill-bred [ilbréd] a. 버릇없이 자란; 잡종의 : IMPOLITE : badly brought up; impolite and crude

ill-bred : impolite ::

illiteracy [ilítərəsi] n. 문맹 1. the condition of being unable to read and write 2. an error, as in writing or speech, made by or thought to be

characteristic of one who is illiterate illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution inequity 불공정, 불공평 injustice; unfairness

erudition ↔ illiteracy erudition 박식 deep, extensive learning

illuminati [ilùːmənéitai, -náːtiː] n. 예지를 터득한(자칭하는) 사람 : persons who are or who claim to be unusually enlightened

interpreter : translate :: illuminati : instruct

illumination [ilùːmənéiʃən] n. 조명; 계몽; 장식 글자/페이지 frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript frieze 장식용 소벽

stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination :: apron : protect stylus 철필; (음반의) 바늘 a sharp, pointed instrument used for

writing, marking, or engraving therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school illuminate : darkness :: educate : ignorance squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) squall 질풍, 돌풍; 북새통 a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often

accompanied by rain or snow commotion 동요, 흥분; 소란, 야단법석; 동란, 격변

obfuscate ↔ elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly obfuscate 혼란시키다, 애매하게 하다

illicit [ilísit] a. 무면허의, 시인되지 않은 UNLAWFUL

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illicit : permission :: abrupt : warning (sordid : justification은 오답)

illusory [ilúːsəri] a. 착각을 일으키는 : produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion;

deceptive maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom 큰 소용돌이; 혼란, 격동 a violent or turbulent

situation nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (EQUAL) illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment :: cunning : truth gaffe [gæf] 실수, 결례 a clumsy social error; a blatant mistake or

misjudgment

illustrate [íləstrèit, ilʌ streit] v. 예증하다, (도해 등으로) 설명하다 1. a. to clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons b. to clarify by serving as an example or comparison 2. to provide (a publication) with explanatory or decorative

feature 자동사 to present a clarification, an example, or an

explanation heal : ailing :: illustrate : complex illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details particularize 상술하다; 특수화하다 to mention, describe, or treat

individually

imbibe [imbáib] v. 쭉 들이켜다; 흡수하다 1. to drink 2. to absorb or take in as if by drinking 3. to receive and absorb into the mind

thirsty : imbibe :: exhausted : rest

imbroglio [imbróuljou] n. 난국, 복잡한 상황 1. a. a difficult or intricate situation; an entanglement b. a confused or complicated disagreement 2. a confused heap; a tangle

imbroglio ↔ harmony

imbue [imbjú:] v.t. (수분 등을) 스며들게 하다; (감정,의견 등을) 주입시키다, 불어넣다, ~을 더럽히다.

1.To inspire, permeate, or invade: work imbued with the revolutionary spirit. See synonyms at charge.

2.To stain or dye deeply. ∼ the skin with moisture 피부를 축축하게 하다. He ∼d me with the feeling that I had some sort of talent.

그는 내게 어떤 재능이 있다는 자신감을 불어넣어 주었다. imbue ↔ drain, dehydrate imbued ↔ unaffected

imitate [ímiteit] v.t. 본받다, ~을 모방하다 1. to use or follow as a model 2. a. to copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or

speech of; mimic b. to copy or use the style of 3. to copy exactly; reproduce 4. to appear like; resemble * imitation [ìmətéiʃən] n. 모방

exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: venerable : reverence paragon, paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard

immaculate [imǽkjəlit] a. 티 없이 깨끗한; 청순한 : PURE 1. impeccably clean; spotless 2. free from stain or blemish; pure 3. free from fault or error 4. having no markings

squalid ↔ immaculate squalid 지저분한, 누추한; 비참한, 비열한

immanent [ímənənt] a. 내재하는; 주관적인 1. existing or remaining within; inherent 2. restricted entirely to the mind; subjective

immanent ↔ explicit, extrinsic

immaterial [ìmətíəriəl] a. 비물질적인; 중요치 않은/적절치 않은 1. of no importance or relevance; inconsequential or

irrelevant 2. having no material body or form

immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness immaterial : touch :: infinite : exhaust immaterial ↔ corporeal(육체적인, 실체가 있는), consequential(중요한), pertinent, relevant, significant

immature [imət:júər, -t∫úə:r] a. 미완성의, 발전하지 않은 1. not fully grown or developed 2. marked by or suggesting a lack of normal maturity

immature : developed :: incipient : realized incipient 초기의, 처음의, 시작의

immemorial [ìmimɔ ːriəl] a. 먼 옛날의 : extending or existing since beyond the reach of memory,

record, or tradition immemorial ↔ recent

immerse [imə :rs] v.t. 잠그다; 침례를 베풀다; 빠져들게 하다 1. to cover completely in a liquid; submerge 2. to baptize by submerging in water 3. to engage wholly or deeply; absorb

immerse ↔ dehydrate, dry immerse ↔ distract, draw away, withdraw

imminent [ímənənt] a. 일촉즉발의 : about to occur; impending

imminence : forthcoming :: (명 : 형) forthcoming; about to appear or take place; approaching

imminent ↔ distant, far in the future

immune [imjúːn] a. 면역의; 면제된 1. not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt 2. not affected by a given influence; unresponsive

fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity soporific 최면의, 졸리게 하는; 최면제 vaccinate 예방 접종을 하다

vaccination : immune :: overexposure : jaded (A한 결과 B 되었다) immune ↔ having no resistance, susceptible immunity ↔ susceptibility suscepibility (병 등에)걸리기 쉬움, 감수성

immure [imjúər] v.t. 감금하다; 제한하다 1. to enclose within or as if within walls; imprison 2. to build into a wall 3. to entomb in a wall

immure ↔ release, liberate

immutable [imjúːtəbəl] a. 변치 않는(불변의), 바꿀 수 없는 : not capable of or susceptible to change immutable laws : 불변의 법칙 참고. mutable 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운

evanescent : endure :: immutable : change immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated (A하면 B할 수 없는) implacable 앙심 깊은, 달랠 수 없는; 무자비한 impossible to placate

or appease propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 conciliate; appease transitory : endure :: immutable : change (A이면 B할 수 없는) immutable ↔ variable, vicissitudinous, labile, instable, inconstant vicissitudinous 변화가 심한 (vicissitude 참고)

imp [imp] n. 장난꾸러기, 악동; 꼬마 도깨비 : URCHIN 1. a mischievous child 2. a small demon

mischievous 유해한; 짓궂은, 말썽을 부리는

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insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp

impair [impɛ ər] v.t. 손상시키다 : to cause do diminish, as in strength, value, or quality

impair ↔ invigorate impair ↔ revise (endorse는 오답)

impalpable [impǽlpəb:əl] a. 감지할 수 없는, 인지하기 어려운; 미세한; 이해하기 어려운

1. not perceptible to the touch; intangible 2. difficult to perceive or grasp by the mind

impalpable ↔ clear

impassive [impǽsiv] a. 무감각한, 냉정한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성

의(unconscious) 1. devoid of or not subject to emotion 2. revealing no emotion; expressionless 3. incapable of physical sensation 4. motionless; still

impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy :: avaricious : satisfy (A이면 B하기 힘든) voracious 걸신들린, 물릴 줄 모르는

callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL) 무감각(냉담)하게하다:무감각(냉담)::속이다:표리부동(속이는것) (동:명) callous : a.굳어진 v.굳어지게 하다, 무감각하게 하다 n. 피부경결 impassive 무감동한, 냉담한; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의 dupe v. 속이다, 속여서 ...를 시키다 n. 곧잘 속는 사람

impassive ↔ emotional, excitable, fervid, perfervid, overwrought perfervid 열렬한 extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or

zealous overwrought 지나치게 흥분한

impeachable [impíːtʃəbəl] adj. 탄핵(고소, 비난)할 만한 1. capable of being impeached: venal, impeachable public

servant 2. being such as to make one liable to impeachment: an

impeachable offense * unimpeachable [ʌ nimpíːtʃəbəl] a. 비난, 의심의 여지가 없

는 1. difficult or impossible to impeach 2. beyond reproach; blameless 3. beyond doubt; unquestionable * impeach v.t. 고발하다

impeachable : blame :: impeachable : denunciation :: invariant : prediction impeachable ↔ blameless, inculpable unimpeachable ↔ open to question

impeccable [impékəbəl] a. 나무랄 데 없는; 죄가 없는 1. having no flaws; perfect 2. incapable of sin or wrongdoing

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless blemish 더럽히다, 손상하다 to mar or impair by a flaw

impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는, 성실한; 순진한, 꾸밈없는

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse :: impeccability : flaw rectitude 공정, 정직; 똑바름 transgress (범위 등을) 넘다, 벗어나다; 위반하다

impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir indolent 게으른, 나태한 disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy

restive : calmness :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ sterile 살균한, 무균의; 불모의, 불임의 germ 미생물, 세균

impeccable : faulted :: (OPPOSITE) impeccable ↔ faulty, blemished, defective, flawed, tarnished

impecunious [ìmpikjúːniəs] a. 무일푼의 : PENNILESS : lacking money; penniless

foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money pelf : impecunious :: experience : green pelf 돈, 부 wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired

impecunious ↔ wealthy, prosperous, affluent, lavish

impede [impíːd] v. 방해하다 : to retard or obstruct the progress of

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede :: explanation : enlighten cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,

teasing, or flattery impede : encumbrance :: divert : distraction abet ↔ thwart, impede impede ↔ facilitate, promote, foment, nurture, assist, cultivate, aid, cheer, expediate, abet

speed ↔ impede, hinder encumber ↔ remove impediment encumber 짐을 지우다; 방해하다, 막다

impel [impél] v. 압박하다; 어붙이다, 고 나가다 1. to urge to action through moral pressure; drive 2. to drive forward; propel

impel ↔ restrain, curb, rein

impending [impéndiŋ] a. 곧 일어날 듯한 : to be about to occur

impending ↔ remote

impenetrate [impénitreit] v. ~에 깊이(완전히) 침투하다 impenetrate : permeable :: (침투하다 : 침투할 수 있는)

impenetrable [impénətrəbəl] a. 뚫을 수 없는, 불가해한, 둔감한 1. impossible to penetrate or enter 2. impossible to understand; incomprehensible 3. impervious to sentiment or argument

pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable :: change : immutable profane 신성을 더럽히는; 세속적인, 야비한 inviolable 불가침의, 신성한 secure from violation or profanation

juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable juggernaut 거 한 파괴력이 있는 것; 불가항력 enigma 수수께끼; 이해할 수 없는 일

porous ↔ impenetrable

impenitent [impénətənt] a. 뉘우치지 않는; 고집 센 : not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow

for sins or offenses * penitent 뉘우치는, 회개하는 feeling or expressing remorse

for one's misdeeds or sins penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) obdurate 고집이 센; 회개하지 않는

impenitent : remorse :: impenitent ↔ rueful, contrite, remorseful rueful [rú:fəl] 안쓰러운, 애처로운; 침울한 contrite; 회개한; 후회의 빛을 보이는 feeling regret and sorrow for

one's sins or offenses; penitent

imperative [impérətiv] a. 피할 수 없는, 명령적인 ; 긴급한 (n. ‘명령’도 됨 =imperativeness ex. social imperatives)

1. expressing a command or plea; peremptory 2. having the power or authority to command or control 3. impossible to deter or evade; pressing 4. urgent (동의어) It is ∼ that you attend the meeting. 그 회의에 꼭 출석해야 한

다. An immediate operation is ∼. 곧 수술하지 않으면 위험하

다. question : interrogative :: order : imperative (A인=B) interrogative [ìntərágətiv] 의문의, 질문을 하는 asking a question or

being of the nature of a question imperative ↔ obedient

imperceptible [ìmpərséptəbəl] a. 지각할 수 없는, 미세한

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1. impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses 2. so subtle, slight, or gradual as to be barely perceptible

imperceptible : detection :: recondite : fathom imperceptible : hidden :: (A에는 B의 성격이 있는) appreciable ↔ imperceptible appreciable 쉽게 판단할 수 있는; 분명한 possible to estimate,

measure, or perceive

imperial [impíəriəl] a. 제국의; 최고 권위의, 거만한 1. of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign,

especially an emperor or empress 2. ruling over extensive territories or over colonies or

dependencies 3. a. having supreme authority; sovereign b. regal; majestic 4. outstanding in size or quality

imperial ↔ obedient

imperious [impíəriəs] a. 오만한 : DOMINEERING 1. arrogantly domineering or overbearing 2. urgent; pressing

fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy (OPPOSITE)

imperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate (OPPOSITE) swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다, 뻐기다

imperious : servile, fawning :: rash : circumspective :: bellicose : peaceable (OPPOSITE)

imperious : diffident :: (OPPOSITE) imperious ↔ humble, obeisant, servile, obsequious, deferential, flattering, subservient, meek obeisance 경례, 인사; 존경, 복종

imperiousness ↔ flattery

impertinent [impə ːrtənənt] a. 뻔뻔스러운, 적절치 않는 1. exceeding the limits of propriety or good manners;

improperly forward or bold 2. not pertinent; irrelevant

impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness (OPPOSITE) perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety impertinence ↔ respect, relevance, obeisance

imperturbable [ìmpərtə ːrbəbəl] a. 차분한, 침착한 : SERENE : marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness * imperturbability n.

imperturbable : nettle :: intractable : lead :: adamant : move (A하면 B하지 못한다)

restive, ticklish ↔ calm, imperturbable restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는

imperturbability ↔ volatility, testiness diffidence 망설임; 삼감, 조심성 testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미가 급한

impervious [impə ːrviəs] a. 불침투성의, 영향을 받지 않는, 견디는 1. incapable of being penetrated 2. incapable of being affected

impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued :: indefensible : excused indomitable 꺾이지 않는, 불굴의 incapable of being overcome,

subdued, or vanquished subdued 정복된, 위압(억제)된 / subdue 정복하다

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (불연성의:가연성의) (OPPOSITE)

friable 잘부서지는 readily crumbled ; brittle impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid :: precarious : stable :: irrevocable : repeal :: implacable : appease ineluctable [ìnilʌ ktəbl] 불가피한, 면할 수 없는 not to be avoided or

escaped; inevitable impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused :: precarious : stable indefensible 변명의 여지가 없는; 막아낼 수 없는 precarious 불안정한(a ∼ livelihood 불안한 생계), 근거가 불충분한

(a ∼ assumption 근거 없는 추측)

impervious : damage :: unassailable : refute unassailable 논쟁의 여지가 없는, 확고한 impervious ↔ easy to penetrate impervious of light ↔ translucent

impetuous [impétʃuəs] a. 충동적인, 성급한; 격렬한, 열렬한 =headlong(저돌적인) 1. characterized by sudden and forceful energy or emotion;

impulsive and passionate 2. having or marked by violent force 예) an ∼ temperament 과격한 성미. regret one's ∼ decision

성급한 결정을 후회하다. impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness bumptious 거만한, 오만한 crudely or loudly assertive

parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance :: irrepressible : servility (감당,억누르기어려운 : 비굴, 맹종, 주체성 결여) profligate 방탕한, 부도덕한; 낭비하는

restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는

impetuosity ↔ hesitance, vacillation impetuous ↔ prudent, deliberate (a. 계획적인, 심사숙고한, 침착/착실한, v.숙고하다)

impious [ímpiəs] a. 불경스러운; 무례한 1. lacking reverence; not pious 2. lacking due respect or dutifulness impiety [impáiəti] n. 불경 : IRREVERENCE

impiety ↔ devoutness devout 경건한, 독실한; 성실한

implacable [implǽkəbəl, -pléik-] a. 달래기 힘든; 무자비한 : not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or

mitigated immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated :: inalienable : surrendered propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다; 비위를 맞추다 to conciliate (an

offended power); appease inalienable 양도할 수 없는, 빼앗을 수 없는

implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle implacable : appease :: indomitable : subdue : impervious : penetrate

implausible [implɔ :zəbl] a. 믿기 어려운, 미심쩍은 : difficult to believe; not plausible

implausible ↔ believable

implement [ímpləmənt] v. 이행하다, 도구/수단을 제공하다 : to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by

concrete measures implement ↔ foil foil 실패시키다, 좌절시키다

implicate [ímpləkèit] v.t. 말려들게 하다; 함축하다 : ENTWINE 1. to involve or connect intimately or incriminatingly 2. to have as a consequence or an inference; imply

implicated ↔ palpable

implicit [implísit] a. 무언의, 함축된(↔ explicit), 무조건의 1. implied or understood though not directly expresed 2. contained in the nature of something though not readily

apparent 3. having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning

implicit ↔ overt, manifest

implode [implóud] v. 내파하다 : to collapse inward violently as if from external pressure

collapse : implode :: divide : sunder :: steep : immerse (A << B) sunder 분리하다, 절단하다 to break or wrench apart steep a. 가파른, 험준한; 터무니없는, 엄청난 v. (액체에) 담그다; 몰

두하다

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implosion ↔ rapid outward movement

imply [implɑ i] v. 함축하다, 암시하다; 의미하다 1. to involve by logical necessity; entail 2. to express or indicate indirectly

imply ↔ affirm, assert, declare, express, state

impolitic [impɑ litik|-pɔ l-] a. 지각 없는, 무분별한 impolitic ↔ shrewdly tactful

importune [ìmpərtjúːn, impɔ ːrtʃən] v. 성가시게 졸라 다 1. to beset with insistent or repeated requests; entreat

pressingly 2. to annoy; vex

accost : approach :: importune : quest (A >> B)

imposing [impóuziŋ] a. 인상적인, 으리으리한 : impressive, as by virtue of size, bearing, or power

imposing ↔ modest

impostor [impɑ stər / -pɔ s-] n. 사기꾼 : one who engages in deception under an assumed name or

identity 이름, 신분을 사칭하는 사람 The dentist was an impostor. impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization usurp (지위, 권력 등을) 강탈하다; 불법으로 사용하다

virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre 보통의, 평범한, 2류의

impotent [ímpətənt] a. 무력한; 무기력한 1. lacking physical strength or vigor; weak 2. lacking in power, as to act effectively; helpless

clout ↔ impotence clout 주먹으로 치기; 영향력

imprecise [ìmprisɑ is] a. 부정확한, 모호한 : not precise

nice ↔ imprecise

impregnable [imprégnəbəl] a. 난공불락의, (신념, 이론 등이) 흔들리지 않는 1. impossible to capture or enter by force 2. difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute with

success impregnable ↔ unjustifiable

impresario [ìmprisɑ :riou] n. (오페라, 발레 등의) 흥행주, 주최자; 감독, 지휘자

1. one who sponsors or produces entertainment, especially the director of an opera company

2. a manager; a producer impresario : entertainment :: broker : trade

impressionable [impréʃənəbəl] a. 영향 받기 쉬운, 예민한 1. readily or easily influenced; suggestible 2. capable of receiving an impression; plastic

impressionable : influence ::

improbity [impróubəti, 미+ -prɑ b-] n. 사악, 성실하지 않음 : lack of probity; dishonesty

improbity ↔ honesty

impromptu [imprɑ mptjuː / -prɔ m-] a. 즉석의, 임시변통의 : IMPROVISED, adv. 즉흥적으로, n. 즉흥곡

명사 1. something, such as a speech, that is made or done

extemporaneously 2. Music. a short lyrical composition especially for the

piano 형용사 1. prompted by the occasion rather than being planned in

advance 2. spoken, performed, done, or composed with little or no

preparation; extemporaneous ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent impromptu : rehearsal :: unheralded : announcement :: honesty : duplicity (OPPOSITE)

impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberation :: honesty : duplicity impromptu ↔ carefully rehearsed, planned

imprudent [imprúːdənt] a. 경솔한, 경박한, 무모한, 신중하지 못한 : unwise or indiscreet; not prudent

imprudent ↔ circumspect circumspect 신중한, 조심성이 많은, 깊이 생각하는, 용의주도한 judicious ↔ imprudent judicious 판단력 있는, 영리한 having or exhibiting sound judgment;

prudent

improvident [imprɑ vədənt / -prɔ v-] a. 선견지명이 없는; 절약하지 않는, 하루하루 살아가는

1. not foreseeing and providing for the future; thriftless 2. rash; incautious

improvident ↔ prudent

improvise [ímprəvàiz] v.t. 즉석에서 하다; 임시변통으로 만들다 1. to invent, compose, or recite without preparation 2. to make or provide from available materials

score : improvise :: text : extemporize

improvised [ímprəvàizd] a. 즉흥적인 rite ↔ improvised act rite 의식, 전례; 관습, 관례 improvisational a. 즉흥으로 하는, 즉흥(시, 연주, 그림)의

=impromptu, extemporaneous

impudent [ímpjədənt] a. 뻔뻔스러운, 건방진 : INSOLENT characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent impudent : brazen :: deadpan : impassive brazen (a, v) 뻔뻔스러운 Marked by flagrant and insolent audacity (shameless) deadpan 무표정한; 진지한 체하는 impassive 냉담한, 감정을 나타내지 않는; 의식을 잃은, 인사불성의

impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL, 형 : 명) recalcitrant 반항하는, 다루기 힘든

impudent ↔ deferential, respectful, obeisant, reverent, deferent, judicious, courteous deference 복종; 경의, 존경 obeisance 경례, 인사; 존경(deference), 복종

impugn [ìmpjúːn] v. 비난, 논박하다 : to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument

extol ↔ condemn, impugn, detract impugn ↔ approve, support, champion, endorse, vindicate, extol, uphold, compliment, laud champion 옹호하다, 지지하다 to fight for, defend, or support as a

champion vindicate 비난을 풀다; 옳음을 밝히다, 정당화하다

impuissance [impjúːisns] n. 무기력 : POWERLESSNESS : lack of power or effectiveness; weakness

clout ↔ impuissance clout 영향력

impulsive [impʌ lsiv] a. 충동적인 1. inclined to act on impulse rather than thought 2. motivated by or resulting from impulse 3. having force or power to impel or incite; forceful

impunity [impjúːnəti] n. 형벌을 면함 : exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm

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impute [impjúːt] a. 전가하다, 돌리다 1. to charge with the fault or responsibility for 2. to attribute; credit

inadvertent [ìnədvə ːrtənt] a. 부주의한; 무심코 한 : INATTENTIVE

1. not duly attentive 2. marked by unintentional lack of care

inadvertent ↔ intentional advertent ↔ inattentive inadvertence ↔ careful attention

inalienable [inéiljənəbəl] a. 양도할 수 없는 : that cannot be transferred to another or others

inalienable : transfer :: ungovernable : manage inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated :: immitigable : alleviated implacable (미움 등을) 달랠 수 없는; 무자비한 impossible to

placate or appease propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다; 비위를 맞추다; 화해시키다

inalienable ↔ separable, transferable

inane [inéin] a. 공허한, 어리석은, 무의미한(의미 없는, 안 중요한) : lacking sense or substance; empty; meaningless

inane : sagacity :: inane ↔ substantial, expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty, substantiated, intelligent pregnant 의미심장한, 시사적인, 중 한 결과를 지니고 있는(a

phrase pregnant with meaning 함축성 있는 구절), 충만한, 비옥한, 다

산의 expressive 나타내는, 표현하는; 의미심장한; 중요한 full of

expression; significant weighty 무거운; 중요한; 영향력 있는

inane ↔ sagacious

inanimate [inǽnəmit] a. 생명이 없는, 무생물의, 죽은 1. not having the qualities associated with active, living

organism; not animate 2. not animated or energetic; dull

ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living (OPPOSITE) inanimate : consciousness :: anemic : strength

inappreciable [ìnəprí:∫iəb:əl] a. 느낄 수 없을 만큼의, 미미한 : too small to be noticed or make a significant difference;

negligible inappreciable ↔ ponderable

inapt [inǽpt] a. 부적당한; 서투른 inappropriate; inept inapt : clumsy ::

inaugurate [inɔ ːgjərèit] v. 취임식을 하여 취임시키다, 개시/시작하다 1. to induct into office by a formal ceremony 2. to cause to begin, especially officially or formally 3. to open or begin use of formally with a ceremony

inaugurate : official :: inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king install 설치하다; 임명하다, 취임시키다 to induct into an office, a

rank, or a position inauguration : official :: matriculation : student matriculate ( 학에) 입학을 허가하다

cease ↔ inaugurate, commencement

inauspicious [ìno:spí∫əs] a. 불길한, 상서롭지 않은; 불운한 : not favorable; not auspicious

inauspicious ↔ favorable, propitious

incandescent [ìnkəndésənt] a. 눈부시게 빛나는; 열정적인 1. emitting visible light as a result of being heated 2. shining brilliantly; very bright

3. characterized by ardent emotion, intensity, or brilliance incandescent ↔ dull

incantation [ìnkæntéiʃən] 주문; 마법, 마술; 상투어 1. ritual recitation of verbal charms or spells to produce a

magic effect 2. a. a formula used in ritual recitation; a verbal charm or

spell b. a conventionalized utterance repeated without thought or aptness; a formula

incantation : utterance :: talisman : object (A is a kind of B+마술(magic)적인 뉘앙스) talisman 부적 An object marked with magic signs and believed to

confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection.

incapacity [ìnkəpǽsəti] n. 무력, 무능; 무자격, 실격 1. inadequate strength or ability; lack of capacity 2. a defect or handicap; a disability

incarcerate [inkɑ ːrsərèit] v. 투옥/감금하다 1. to put into jail 2. to shut in; confirm

incarcerate ↔ liberate, enfranchise

incarnate [inkɑ ːrneit] a. 화신의, (관념, 성질 등을) 구체화한 1. invested with bodily nature and form 2. embodied in human form; personified

incorporeal ↔ incarnate incorporeal 무형의, 비물질적인, 영적인 lacking material form or

substance

incendiary [inséndièri] a. 방화의; 선동적인, 자극적인 : tending to excite or inflame; inflammatory 1. a. causing or capable of causing fire b. of or containing

chemicals that produce intensely hot fire when exploded c. of or involving arson(방화(죄))

2. tending to inflame; inflammatory insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate insurgent 반란을 일으키는, 반란자

incendiary ↔ calming, moderating

incense [ínsens] v.t. 몹시 화나게 하다 : to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of; infuriate

incense : anger :: propitiate ↔ incense

incentive [inséntiv] n. 자극, 동기 something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation

of reward, that induces action or motivates effort incentive ↔ deterrent

inception [insépʃən] n. 시초 : COMMENCEMENT : the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a

commencement inception : undertaking :: inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation matriculate ( 학에) 입학을 허가하다

inception ↔ end, conclusion, finale, termination

incessant [insés:ənt] a. 끊임없는 : UNCEASING : continuing without interruption

incessant ↔ interrupted

inch [intʃ] vi. 서서히/조금씩 움직이다 : to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees

inch : move :: drawl : speak : nibble : eat drawl 점잔빼며 천천히 이야기하다 to speak with lengthened or

drawn-out vowels accrete : growth :: inch : advance accrete 함께 커지다, 일체가 되다 to make larger or greater, as by

increased growth

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inchoate [inkóuit / ínkouèit] a. 초기의, 불완전한: FORMLESS 1. in an initial or early stage 2. imperfectly formed or developed

immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized (OPPOSITE) incipient 초기의, 발단의 beginning to exist or appear

inchoate : organize :: volatile : stabilize inchoate ↔ fully formed, organized, explicit, enduring, fully realized, organized

incinerate [insínərèit] v.t. 소각하다 : to cause to burn to ashes

singe : incineration :: erode : destruction singe 겉을 태우다, 그슬리다

incipient [insípiənt] a. 시작의, 초기의 : beginning to come into being or to become apparent

immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized incipient : realized :: indefinite : tangible (OPPOSITE) incipient : realized :: hypothetic : proved :: irregular : classified incipient : commencement :: (형 : 명) incipient ↔ full-blown, full-realized, plentiful, full-fledged

incisive [insáisiv] a. 날카로운, 예리한; 신랄한 : penetrating, clear, and sharp, as in operation or

expression

incite [insáit] v. 자극하다, 분노를 일으키다 : to provoke and urge on

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat 위협하다 to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing

manner or domineering speech exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite exhortation 권고, 설교; 충고의 말 persiflage 농담, 희롱; 경박함, 불성실

incite ↔ pacify incitant ↔ insensible

inclement [inklémənt] a. 가혹한; 혹독한 1. stormy 2. showing no clemency; unmerciful

draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation (EQUAL) fret 안달 나다, 초조해 하다, 애타다

inclement ↔ balmy, mild balmy 향기로운; 온화한, 부드러운

incogitant [inkɑ dʒətənt / -kɔ dʒ-] a. 분별없는 : thoughtless, inconsiderate

incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm (OPPOSITE) restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는

incompetent [inkɑ mpitənt|-kɔ m-] a. 무능한, 서투른 1. not qualified in legal terms 2. inadequate for or unsuited to a particular purpose or

application 3. devoid of those qualities requisite for effective conduct

or action

incomprehensible [ink mprihénsəbl] adj. 이해할 수 없는, 불가해한 incomprehensible ↔ intelligible

inconclusive [inkənklú:siv] a. 결정적이 아닌, 설득적이 아닌 inconclusive ↔ decisive

incongruent [inkɑ ŋgruːənt, ìnkəngrúː- / -kɔ ŋ-] a. 일치하지 않는, 부적당한

: not congruent; incongruous incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (OPPOSITE) recalcitrant 다루기 어려운, 반항하는

incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap (OPPOSITE) incongruent ↔ corresponding incongruence, disagreement, disaccord, conflict ↔ correspond

inconsequential [inkɑ nsikwénʃəl / -kɔ n-] a. 중요치 않은; 조리가 서지 않는, 엉뚱한

1. lacking importance 2. not following from premises or evidence; illogical

inconsequential : illogical :: apocalyptic : prophetic (EQUAL) crucial ↔ inconsequential crucial 결정적인, 중 한

inconsonant [inkɑ nsənənt / -kɔ n-] a. 일치하지 않는 : lacking harmony, agreement, or compatibility; discordant

inconsonance : concord :: scatter : overlap inconsonant ↔ in agreement

incontestable [ìnkəntéstəbl] a. (사실, 증거 등이) 논의의 여지 없는, 명백한; indisputable

incontestable ↔ uncertain, questionable, unreliable, dubious (unfair은 오답)

incontrovertible [inkɑ ntrəvə ːrtəbəl, inkɑ n- / ìnkɔn-] a. 논쟁의 여지없는, 명백한

: impossible to dispute; unquestionable incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended untenable 지지할 수 없는, 변호 받을 수 없는

incontrovertible : disputed :: matchless : equaled incontrovertible : refute :: optimal : improve (A하면 B하기 힘든) (negligible : perceive는 오답)

incontrovertible, irrefutable ↔ deniable, disputed, questionable, dubious controvert ↔ substantiate controvert 반박하다, 부정하다 to raise arguments against; voice

opposition to substantiate 확증하다; 구체화하다, 실현시키다 to support with proof

or evidence; verify

incorporeal [ìnko:rpó:riəl] a. 실체 없는; 영적인 : lacking material form or substance

incorporeal ↔ incarnate incorporeal : substance :: (A이면 B가 없는)

incorrigible [inkɔ ːridʒəbəl] a. 고칠 수 없는, 뿌리 깊은 : UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE

1. incapable of being corrected or reformed 2. firmly rooted; ineradicable 3. difficult or impossible to control or manage

incorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood :: adamant : moved inscrutable 알아볼 수 없는; 불가사의한; 심오한 difficult to fathom or

understand; impenetrable incorrigible : amend :: ineradicable, irradicable : remove :: ineluctable : avoid :: intractable : lead (A이면 B하기 힘든)

tractable, manageable ↔ incorrigible tractable 다루기 쉬운; 유순한, 온순한

incriminate [inkrímənèit] v.t. 죄를 씌우다 1. to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act 2. to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate

incrimination ↔ exoneration exonerate to free from blame; to free from a responsibility, obligation,

or task

incubator [ínkjəbèitər] n. 부화기, 세균 배양기 * incubation n. 포란, 배양, (전염병 등의) 잠복(=incubation

period) incubator : infant :: greenhouse : plant

inculcate [inkʌ lkeit, --- ] v.t. 되풀이하여 심어주다 1. to impress (something) upon the mind of another by

frequent instruction or repetition; instill

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2. to teach (others) by frequent instruction or repetition hammering : inculcate :: hammer 망치로 계속 두들기다; 망치로 두들겨 모양을 만들다; 망

치와 못으로 결합시키다; 명심시키다, 주입하다 to force upon by constant repetition

inculpate [inkʌ lpeit, - -- ] v.t. 죄를 씌우다 : to incriminate

absolve, exculpate, exonerate ↔ inculpate exculpate to clear of guilt or blame

incursion [inkə ːrʒən, -ʃən] n. 침입, 침략; 급습; 침해, 침식 : RAID

1. an aggressive entrance into foreign territory; a raid or an invasion

2. the act of entering another's territory or domain 3. the act of entering or running into

incursion ↔ retreat

indecorous [indékərəs, ìndikɔ ːrəs] a. 버릇없는; 거친, 꼴사나운 : lacking propriety or good taste

indecorous ↔ proper

indefatigable [ìndifǽtigəbəl] a. 끈기 있는, 지칠 줄 모르는 : UNTIRING

: incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued; tireless

indefatigable : tired :: incorrigible : reformed (impractical : practiced는 오답)

indefatigable ↔ soon tired, tired, lethargic, lazy, fragile, worn out

indefensible [ìndifénsəbl] a. 변명의 여지가 없는; 막아낼 수 없는 1. inexcusable; unpardonable 2. invalid; untenable 3. vulnerable to physical attack

impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused (A = B할 수 없는)

indelible [indéləbəl] a. 지울 수 없는 : UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE

1. impossible to remove, erase, or wash away; permanent 2. making a mark not easily erased or washed away

indelible : forget :: astounding : expect indelibility : erasure :: impermeability : passage indelible ↔ erasable

indelicate [indélikit] a. 적절하지 않은; 거친, 상스러운; 아랑곳

하지 않는 1. offensive to established standards or propriety; improper 2. marked by a lack of good taste; coarse 3. lacking in consideration for the feelings of others

indemnity [indémnəti] n. 보호, 보장; 배상, 보상 1. security against damage, loss, or injury 2. a legal exemption from liability for damages 3. compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered

mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure

independent [ìndipéndənt] a. 독립의; 자존심 강한, 자유로운, 독자적인

1. not governed by a foreign power; self-governing 2. free from the influence, guidance, or control of another

or others; self-reliant 3. not determined or influenced by someone or something

else; not contingent 4. affiliated with or loyal to no one political party or

organization 무소속의 5. not dependent on or affiliated with a larger or controlling

group or system 6. a. not relying on others for support, care, or unds; self-

supporting b. providing or being sufficient income to

enable one to live without working independent ↔ inclined

indict [indáit] v.t. 비난하다, 공격하다; 기소하다 : to accuse of wrongdoing; charge

indict : accuse :: sanction : approve (A=B) (extol : countenance는 오답) sanction n. v. 인정하다, 용인하다 absolve ↔ indict

indifferent [indífərənt] a. 냉담한, 무관심한 : APATHETIC embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference fervor, zealot, avid, enraptured ↔ indifferent enrapture 황홀하게 하다, 크게 기뻐하다 to fill with rapture or delight

indigenous [indídʒənəs] a. 고유한, 토착의; 타고난 1. originating and growing or living in an area or

environment 2. intrinsic; innate

nonnative, exotic, foreign, acquired ↔ indigenous

indigent [índidʒənt] a. 궁핍한, 부족한 : experiencing want or need; impoverished * indigence n.

indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability (OPPOSITE) employ : indigence :: submerge : buoyancy indigent ↔ affluent, wealthy indigence ↔ wealth

indigestible [ìndidʒéstəbəl, -dai-] a. 소화하기 힘든; 이해하기 어려운 : difficult or impossible to digest

indignant [indígnənt] adj. 화 잘내는 : irate, outraged, enraged, irritable, irascible, peevish, petulant, cranky, cross

indignant ↔ happy

indiscriminate [ìndiskrímənit] a. 무차별적인, 무계획의; 난잡한, 뒤섞인

1. a. not making or based on careful distinctions; unselective b. widespread; wholesale

2. random; haphazard 3. confused; chaotic 4. unrestrained or wanton; profligate

wanton 터무니없는; 변덕스러운, 제멋 로의; 음탕한, 외설적인

indispensability [ìndispènsəbíləti] n. 꼭 필요함 : ESSENTIAL indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability indigent a. 궁핍한, 부족한 experiencing want or need; impoverished

indispensable [ìndispénsəb:əl] a. 1. not to be dispensed with; essential 2. obligatory; unavoidable

indispensable ↔ trivial

indivisible [ìndivízəb:əl] a. 불가분의; 나뉘지 않는 1. incapable of undergoing division 2. Math. incapable of being divided without a remainder

indivisible ↔ easily fragmented, fracturable

indoctrinate [indɑ ktrənèit / -dɔ ktr-] v. (학설, 사상 등을) 가르치

다 : TEACH 1. a. to instruct in a body of doctrine or principles b. to

initiate by means of doctrinal instruction 2. to imbue with a partisan or ideological point of view

stickler : exacting :: pedagogue : indoctrinating (DEFECTIVE) stickle (사소한 일로) 트집 잡다; 이의를 제기하다 exacting 엄격한; 힘겨운, 혹독한 pedagogue 교육자, 선생; 학자인 체하는 사람

indolent [índələnt] a. 게으른, 나태한

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1. a. disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy b. conducive to inactivity or laziness; lethargic

2. a. causing little or no pain b. slow to heal, grow, or develop; inactive

rectitude : transgress :: impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir impeccable 죄를 범하지 않은, 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는 stir 휘젓기, 뒤섞기; 동요, 흥분

indolent : shirk :: miserly : hoard shirk (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다 to avoid or neglect (a duty or

responsibility) indolent ↔ industrious

indubitable [indjúːbətəbəl] a. 의심할 여지가 없는 : too apparent to be doubted; unquestionable

indubitable : questioned :: resolute : sway (OPPOSITE) indubitable ↔ doubtful

inducement [indjúːsmənt] n. 유인, 유도 1. something that helps bring about an action or a desired

result; an incentive 2. the act or process of inducing 3. (law) an introductory or background statement

explaining the main allegations in a proceeding inducement ↔ deterrence deter 단념시키다; 방해하다 to prevent or discourage from acting, as

by means of fear or doubt

induct [indʌ kt] v. 취임시키다 1. to place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a

position; install 2. a. to admit as a member; receive b. to admit to military service c. to introduce, as to new

experience or knowledge; initiate induct ↔ discharge

indulge [indʌ ldʒ] v. 비위를 맞추다, 실컷 즐기다 : GRATIFY, HUMOR

1. to yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree; humor

2. a. to yield to; gratify b. to allow (oneself) unrestrained gratification

gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 humor 만족시키다; 비위를 맞추다

embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (A << B) mortify 굴욕감을 주다, 분하게 하다

lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (A하면 B하기 어렵다) lassitude 나른함; 무관심 a state or feeling of weariness, diminished

energy, or listlessness abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate indulge : ascetic :: restrain : libertine

indulgent [indʌ ldʒənt] a. 관 한 : LENIENT : showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence; lenient

abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (OPPOSITE) indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper (OPPOSITE) slovenly (옷차림이) 단정치 못한; (일 등이) 날림의 dapper 깔끔한, 산뜻한; 민첩한

glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self-denial Spartan ↔ Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious voluptuous 사치스러운; 호색인, 음탕한; 요염한

draconian ↔ indulgent, mild draconian exceedingly harsh; very severe

martinet ↔ indulgent person martinet 엄격한 사람, 규율에 엄한 군인

indulgent ↔ ascetic

indurate [índjurèit] v.t. 단단하게 하다 1. to make hard; harden 2. to inure, as to hardship or ridicule 3. to make callous or obdurate

indurate ↔ soften

industrious a. 부지런한, 근면한 : assiduous in work or study; diligent

industriousness : activity :: fastidiousness : selectivity

inebriant [iníːbriənt] a. 취하게 하는 : serving to intoxicate

inedible [inédəbəl] a. 먹을 수 없는 : unfit to be eaten; not edible

edible : eat :: portable : drink :: admissible : allow inedible : food ::

ineffable [inéfəbəl] a. 형언할 수 없는 1. incapable of being expressed in words; indescribable or

unutterable 2. not to be uttered; taboo

ineffable : description :: ineradicable, irradicable : obliteration :: incorrigible : amend :: indefeasible : annul

ineffable : inexpressive :: ineffable : express, depict :: ineradicable : remove irradicable; impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable indefeasible 파기할 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는

ineluctable [ìnilʌ ktəbəl] a. 불가피한 : INEVITABLE : not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable

ineluctable : avoid :: impervious : penetrate :: irrevocable : repeal :: insufferable : tolerate :: incorrigible : amend : intractable : govern

ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend untenable (논의 등이) 지지할 수 없는; 살기에 부적합한

serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance serendipity 우연히 찾아내는 능력 the faculty of making fortunate

discoveries by accident ineluctable ↔ avoided, escaped

inept [inépt] a. 부적절한; 어리석은; 서투른, 무능한 1. not apt or fitting; inappropriate 2. a. displaying a lack of judgment, sense, or reason; foolish b.

bungling or clumsy competence, adroitness : inept :: difficult : simplicity (OPPOSITE) inept ↔ deft, adroit, skilled, proficient, masterful, judicious, adept proficient 숙달된, 능숙한 having or marked by an advanced degree of

competence judicious 영리한, 신중한

finesse ↔ ineptitude ineptness ↔ adroitness

ineptitude [inéptətjùːd] n.부적당, 어리석음: INCOMPETENCE finesse ↔ ineptitude finesse 솜씨, 기교; 술책, 흉계

inequity [inékwəti] n. 불공평, 불공정(unfairness) 1. injustice; unfairness 2. an instance of injustice or unfairness

inequity : fair :: (A에는 B 속성이 없다) inequity ↔ disinterestedness, rectitude rectitude 정직(righteousness, integrity), 옳음 disinterested 공평한; 무관심한

inerrancy n. 잘못/틀림 없음 : freedom from error or untruths; infallibility

inerrancy ↔ fallibility

inert [inə ːrt] a. 비활성의 1. unable to move or act 2. sluggish in action or motion; lethargic

ephemeral : endure :: inert : react (LACK) reactant ↔ inert material reactant 반응물

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inert ↔ active, actively moving, dynamic, fast moving, move quickly

inertia [inə :r∫:iə] n. 관성; 게으름 1. (physics) the tendency of a body to resist acceleration;

the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in motion to stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force

2. resistance or disinclination to motion, action, or change persistence : vacillate :: inertia : react inertia ↔ activity, tendency to change motion

inestimable [inéstəməbəl] a. 헤아릴 수 없는; 평가할 수 없을 만큼 귀중한(invaluable)

too valuable or excellent to be measured or appreciated

inevitable [inévitəbəl] a. 피할 수 없는; 반드시 일어나는 1. impossible to avoid or prevent 2. invariably occurring or appearing; predictable

ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend :: impervious : penetrate ineluctable not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable

inevitable : chance :: absolute : variability (OPPOSITE) inevitable : prevent ::

inexorable [inéksərəbəl] a. 냉혹한, 가차 없는, 불변의, 움직이지 않는 : not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty; relentless

inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest (A한테는 B하기 힘든)

inexorable ↔ relenting, pliant, yielding, acquiescing, flexible relent 마음이 풀리다, 동정적이 되다 to become more lenient,

compassionate, or forgiving inexorable ↔ flexible

infamy [ínfəmi] n. 불명예 1. evil fame or reputation 2. the condition of being infamous 3. an evil or criminal act that is publicly known

infamy ↔ good repute

infatuate [infǽtʃuèit] v.t. 얼빠지게 하다, 열중하게 하다 1. to inspire with unreasoning love or attachment 2. to cause to behave foolishly

sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation (형 : 명) sabbatical 안식일의; 휴식의

odium ↔ infatuation odium 증오, 미움; 악평, 오명 odious arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense

displeasure

infelicitous [ìnfəlísitəs] a. 적절치 않은; 불행한 1. inappropriate; ill-chosen 2. not happy; unfortunate

happy ↔ infelicitous

infelicity [ìnfilísəti] n. 불행, 불운 1. the quality or condition of being infelicitous 2. something inappropriate or unpleasing

infelicity ↔ appropriateness

infer [infə ːr] v.t. 추론하다 : GUESS, SURMISE 1. to conclude from evidence or premises 2. to reason from circumstance; surmise 3. to lead to as a consequence or conclusion 4. to hint; imply

tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher tacit 무언의; 암묵의, 넌지시 내비치는

intimate : communicate :: allude : infer intimate 간접적으로 알리다; 통고/공표하다

inferno [infə ːrnou] n. 지옥 같은 곳; 초열지옥 1. a place or condition suggestive of hell, especially with

respect to human suffering or death 2. a place of fiery heat or destruction

fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane (A << B)

infiltrate [infíltreit, --- ] v. 스며들다, 침입/침투하다 1. a. to pass (troop, for example) surreptitiously into enemy-

held territory b. to penetrate with hostile intent 2. to enter or take up positions in gradually or urreptitiously,

as for purposes of espionage or takeover 3. to cause (a liquid, for example) to permeate a substance

by passing through its interstices or pores 4. to permeate (a porous substance) with a liquid or gas

infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan :: insinuate : say :: stalk : follow :: plot : plan :: purloin : take insinuate 넌지시 말하다, 빗 다; 교묘히 주입시키다

infinite [ínfənit] a. 끝없는, 무한한 : INEXHAUSTIBLE 1. having no boundaries or limits 2. immeasurably great or large; boundless

infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap unique : precedent :: infinite : end infinite : large :: interminable : long, lengthy (A>>B) interminable; tiresomely long, endless infinity ↔ bounded space

infinitesimal [ìnfinitésəməl] a. 미소한, 극미의, 무한소의, 극소한, 극미량의

infinitesimal : small :: momentous : important (KIND+DEGREE)

infirm [infə ːrm] a. 연약한, 허약한; 의지박약인 1. weak in body, especially from old age or disease; feeble 2. lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose; irresolute 3. not strong or stable; shaky * infirmity 병, 질환, 병약, 허약

infirmity : treatment :: conservatory : instruction (A는 B의 대상) (observatory : discovery는 오답)

infirm ↔ hale, vigorous, stalwart, robust

infirmary [inf ə :rməri] n. 병원, 진료소, 양호실, 시약소 infirmary : treatment :: conservatory : instruction

inflame [infléim] v. 불태우다, 부채질하다 1. to arouse to passionate feeling or action 2. to make more violent; intensify 3. a. to cause (the skin) to redden or grow hot, as from

strong emotion or stimulants b. to turn red or make glow 4. to produce inflammation in (a tissue or an organ) 5. to set on fire; kindle

inflame ↔ assuage, subdue subdue 정복하다, 복종시키다; 억누르다, 자제하다

inflate [infléit] v. 부풀리다, 확장하다; 과장하다(↔ deflate) 1. to fill (something) with air or gas so as to make it swell 2. a. to enlarge or amplify unduly or improperly; aggrandize b.

to raise or expand abnormally or improperly 3. to cause (a currency or an economy) to undergo inflation

inflate : volume :: proliferate : number (A는 B를 늘리다) inflate ↔ minimize

influx [ínflʌ ks] n. 유입; 쇄도, 도래 1. a flowing in 2. a mass arrival or incoming

exodus ↔ influx

informed a. 견문이 넓은, 지식 있는, 교양있는, 박식한, 세련된

infraction [infrǽk∫ən] n. (법률, 권리, 의무 등의) 위반, 침해, 침범

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infraction ↔ obedience, observance

infuriate [infjúərièit] v. 격노케 하다 : to make furious; enrage

infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem commend 추천하다; 칭찬하다

infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity nonplus 난처하게 만들다, 당황하게 하다 to put at a loss as to what

to think, say, or do; bewilder perplexity 당혹, 곤혹

infuriate ↔ soothe, please

infuse [infjúːz] v. 주입하다, 불어넣다 : INSPIRE, ANIMATE 1. to put into or introduce as if by pouring 2. to fill or cause to be filled with something

inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove (EQUAL, obliterate와 remove는 상황에 따라서 degree관계)

infuse ↔ drain away/out, refuse, extract, draw out

ingenious [indʒíːnjəs] a. 독창적인; 영리한 1. marked by inventive skill and imagination 2. having or arising from an inventive or cunning mind;

clever * ingenuity n. 창의력, 연구심, 교묘함

ingenious ↔ awkward, prosaic, lack of inventiveness prosaic 흥미 없는; 평범한, 상상력이 없는; 산문체의

ingenuity ↔ prosaism

ingenuous [indʒénjuːəs] a. 순진한, 꾸밈없는; 솔직한 : ARTLESS

1. lacking in sophistication or worldliness; artless 2. openly straightforward or frank; candid

ingenuous : guile :: impeccable : flaw :: delicate : offense (LACK) ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub dissemble 속이다, 숨기다 to disguise or conceal behind a false

appearance raffish 천한, 저속한, 싸구려의; 방탕한 tawdry 야한, 값싸고 번지르르한, 비속한 gaudy and cheap in

nature or appearance rakish 경쾌한; 멋진, 날씬한; 쾌활한 dashingly or sportingly stylish;

jaunty preen (새가 날개를) 부리로 다듬다, 몸치장을 하다; 자랑하다, 우

쭐 다 snub 핀잔을 주다, 냉 하다; 꾸짖다 to ignore or behave coldly

toward; slight fabricate : ingenuous :: discompose : placid discompose 혼란시키다, 어지럽히다

ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive ingratiating 매력 있는, 붙임성 있는; 비위를 맞추는, 알랑거리는

pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead pernicious 파괴적인, 해로운; 치명적인

ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness ingenue [ǽnʒənù:] 순정 소녀 an artless, innocent girl or young

woman ingenuous ↔ deceptive, devious, artful ingenuous, honest ↔ hypocritical, cunning, sly, calculating, worldly disingenuousness ↔ guilelessness, candor

ingest [indʒést] v. 섭취하다, 취하다 : to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or

absorption ingest ↔ expel

ingrained [ingréind, --] a. 뿌리 깊은, 타고난 1. firmly established; deep-seated 2. worked deeply into the texture or fiber

ingrained ↔ easily to change, extrinsic, superficial extrinsic 본질적이 아닌, 외부로부터의

ingrate [íngreit] 배은망덕한 사람

: an ungrateful person ingrate ↔ thankful person

ingratiating [ingréi∫iéitiŋ] v. 매력 있는, 붙임성 있는; 비위를 맞추는, 알랑거리는

1. pleasing; agreeable 2. calculated to please or win favor * ingratiate [ingréiʃièit] v. 환심을 사다, 비위를 맞추다 : to bring (oneself, for example) into the favor or good graces

of another, especially by deliberate effort flatter : ingratiate :: smother : choke ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous, fraudulent : deceive

inherent [inhíərənt] a. 타고난 : existing as an essential constituent or characteristic;

intrinsic inherent ↔ extrinsic

inhibition [inhibí∫ən] n. 억제, 금지 1. the act of inhibiting or the state of being inhibited 2. something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses * inhibit v.

inhibit ↔ further, provide inhibitor ↔ catalyst further (일, 계획, 목적 등을) 발전시키다, 조장하다, 촉진하다

inimical [inímikəl] a. 해로운; 비우호적인 1. injurious or harmful in effect; adverse 2. unfriendly; hostile

inimical ↔ friendly, amiable, amicable, amenable amenable (기준 등을) 잘 따르는, 순종하는 responsive to advice,

authority, or suggestion; tractable

inimitable [inímitəbəl] a. 흉내 낼 수 없는; 비길 데 없는 : defying imitation; matchless

indubitable : question :: inimitable : copy inimitable ↔ commonplace, ordinary

iniquity [iníkwəti] n. 심한 불법, 사악, 무도: WICKEDNESS 1. gross immorality or injustice; wickedness 2. a grossly immoral act; a sin

iniquity ↔ rectitude, justice, saintliness, disinterestedness rectitude 정직, 청렴; 올바름, 정확(correctness)

initial [iníʃəl] a. 처음의, 최초의 : of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated doyen 고참자, 일인자, 가 a man who is the eldest or senior

member of a group initial : realized :: irregular : classified :: tangible : indefinite :: tenable : undefended (OPPOSITE) tenable 방어할 수 있는, 변호할 수 있는; 지속/유지할 수 있는

initial ↔ following initiate ↔ follow up

initiate [iní∫ièit] v. 시작하다, 개시하다 1. to set doing by taking the first step; begin 2. to introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity 3. to admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual

catalyst : initiate :: supervisor : oversight eccentric : conventional :: doyen : initiated (OPPOSITE) initiate ↔ follow up inveterate ↔ uninitiated

initiative [iníʃətiv] n. 시작, 개시; 진취성, 첫걸음 : ENTERPRISE, INTRODUCTORY, PRELIMINARY 1. the power or ability to begin or to follow through

energetically with a plan or task 2. a beginning or introductory step; an opening move

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initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter arbiter 중재자, 조정인

inkling [íŋkliŋ] n. 넌지시 비침, 희미한 지식 1. a slight hint or indication 2. a slight understanding or vague idea or notion

inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity inkling : indication :: lapse : error (A << B) lapse (일시적인) 쇠퇴; (사소한) 잘못, 과실; (잠깐의) 휴식, 중단

innocent [ínəsnt] a. 순결한; 결백한 : BLAMELESS innocent ↔ culpable, guilty

innocuous [inɑ kjuːəs / inɔ k-] a. 무해한; 악의 없는, 지루한 : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID

1. having no adverse effect; harmless 2. not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid

placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous :: venom : toxic salve [sæv] 연고, 고약; 위안; 아첨 unctuous [ʌ ŋktʃuəs] 기름기 있는, 미끄러운; 요설을 부리는 venom 독액, 독물; 원한, 악의

wholesome, sanitary, innocuous ↔ noxious, injurious sanitary 공중위생의; 위생적인, 깨끗한

innocuous ↔ objectionable

innovation [ìnouvéiʃən] n. 혁신 1. the act of introducing something new 2. something newly introduced

contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 고집 센; 반항적인 obstinately disobedient or

rebellious; insubordinate novelty 새로움, 신기함, 참신함; 혁신; 희한한 사건/물건/일

innuendo [ìnjuéndou] n. 암시 an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in

expression; an insinuation derogatory (명성 등을) 손상시키는; 가치를 떨어뜨리는 insinuate 은근히 심어주다; 넌지시 비추다, 빗 어 말하다

innuendo : suspicion ::

inquiry [inkwáiəri, -- -, ínkwəri] n. 질문 1. the act of inquiring 2. a question; a query 3. a close examination of a matter in a search for

information or truth confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory interrogatory 의문의, 의심스러워하는 asking a question; of the

nature of a question; interrogative

inquisitive [inkwízitiv] a. 질문하기 좋아하는, 탐구적인; 캐묻기 좋아하는

1. unduly curious and inquiring 2. inclined t investigate; eager for knowledge

inquisitive : curious :: painful : agonizing (A >> B)

insalubrious [ìnsəlú:briəs] a. 건강에 안좋은, 건강하지 못한 : not promoting health; unwholesome

insalubrious ↔ wholesome

insatiable [inséiʃəbəl] a. 만족할 줄 모르는 : impossible to satiate or satisfy

insatiable : satisfy :: ineluctable : avoid insatiable : sate :: unsalvageable : repair :: unexceptionable : oppose insatiable : slake :: inevitable : avoid insatiable ↔ slakable slake (허기, 욕망 등을) 채우다, 만족시키다; 달래다; 약화시키다

insensate [insénseit] a. 감각이 없는; 지각없는 1. a. lacking sensation or awareness; inanimate b.

unconscious 2. lacking sensibility; unfeeling 3. a. lacking sense or the power to reason b. foolish; witless

insensate ↔ conscious

insensitive [insénsətiv] a. 무감각한, 둔한; 반응이 없는 1. not physically sensitive; numb 2. a. lacking in sensitivity to the feelings or circumstances of

others; unfeeling b. lacking in responsiveness * insentient 무감각한 devoid of sensation or consciousness;

inanimate insensitive ↔ tender (부드러운, 민감한) insentient ↔ perceiving, conscious, animated, lively, stirring (volatile은 오답)

insert [insə ːrt] v. 끼워 넣다 insert ↔ remove, tear

insidious [insídiəs] a. 남을 속이는, 배반하는; 교활한; 잠행성의 1. working or spreading harmfully in a subtle or stealthy

manner 2. intended to entrap; treacherous 3. beguiling but harmful; alluring

insight [ínsait] n. 통찰, 간파; 통찰력, 식견 1. the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation;

penetration 2. the act or outcome of grasping the inward or hidden

nature of things or of perceiving in an intuitive manner insight : discern :: mettle : endure mettle 기질, 성미; 용기, 열정

insight : discerning :: deadpan : impassive insightful ↔ obtuse

insinuate [insínjueit] v. 넌지시 말하다, 비추다; 서서히 주입시키다 1. to introduce or otherwise convey (a thought, for example)

gradually and insidiously 2. to introduce or insert (oneself) by subtle and artful means

insipid [insípid] a. 재미없는, 맛없는 : DULL, FLAT 1. lacking flavor or zest; not tasty 2. lacking excitement, stimulation, or interest; dull

insipid : invention :: prosaic : imagination insipid ↔ exciting, fascinating, piquant

insolent [ínsələnt] a. 건방진 : IMPUDENT 1. presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant 2. audaciously rude or disrespectful

perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration (LACK) perfunctory 마지못해 하는

insolent ↔ polite, courteous, respectful, elegant courteous 예의바른, 정중한, 공손한

insouciant [insúːsiənt] a. 태평한 : NONCHALANT : marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant

insouciant : worry :: tenacious, pertinacious : yield (A=not B) tenacious 꽉 쥐고 놓지 않는, 집착하는; 고집 센 pertinacious 고수하는, 끈덕진, 집요한

insouciant, nonchalant : concern :: tenacious : yield :: magnanimous : begrudge (A는 B하지 않는다, A에는 B의 속성이 없다)

magnanimous a. 도량이 큰, 관대한, 고결한 begrudge 부러워하다, 샘내다, 아까워하다, 꺼리다 insouciant ↔ distressed, worried, anxious, troubled (immoderate는 오답)

inspired [inspáiərd] a. 영감 받은, 아주 훌륭한 : outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive

of divine inspiration pedestrian ↔ inspired pedestrian 도보의; 평범한, 산문적인(prosaic) undistinguished;

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ordinary

install [instɔ :l] v. 설치/가설하다; 임명하다, 취임시키다; 앉다, 정착하게 하다 1. to set in position and connect or adjust for use 2. to induct into an office, a rank, or a position 3. to settle in an indicated place or condition; establish

install ↔ remove

instate [instéit] v.t. 취임시키다 : to establish in office; install

instate ↔ oust oust 내쫓다, 축출하다 to eject from a position or place; force out

instigate [ínstəgèit] v.t. 선동하다 : PROVOKE 1. to urge on; goad 2. to stir up; foment

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or

domineering speech; bully quell ↔ foment, instigate, rouse

instill [instíl] v. 스며들게 하다, 주입시키다 1. to introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant 2. to pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop

instill ↔ drain away/out, remove, press down

instinct [ínstiŋ:kt] n. 본능; 천분 1. an inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a

species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli

2. a powerful motivation or impulse an innate capability or aptitude * instinctive 직관적인, 본능적인 Arising from impulse,

spontaneous and unthinking instinct ↔ learned response instinctive ↔ deliberate

institute [ínstətjùːt] v.t. 제정하다 : ORGANIZE 1. a. to establish, organize, and set in operation b. to

initiate; begin 2. to establish or invest in an office or a position

rescind, abrogate, efface ↔ institute rescind 폐지/폐기/철회하다 to make void; repeal or annul abrogate (공식적으로) 폐지하다 to abolish, do away with, or annul,

especially by authority

instrumentalist n. 기악 연주자 instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet

insubordinate [ìnsəbɔ ːrdənit] a. 반항하는 : not submissive to authority

insubordinate : submissive :: disaffected : contented :: capricious : deliberate disaffected 불만을 품은, 반감이 많은 resentful and rebellious,

especially against authority tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate intransigent 타협하지 않는 incorrigible 고칠 수 없는; 뿌리 깊은, 완고한

insubordinate ↔ tractable

insubstantial [ìnsəbstǽn∫:əl] a. 내용 없는; 약한; 상상의, 가공의 1. lacking substance or reality 2. a. not firm or solid; flimsy b. delicate; fine

insubstantial ↔ extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant, sound, sturdy

extensive 광대한, 광범위한, 해박한, 상세한

insufferable [insʌ f:ərəb:əl] a. 견딜 수 없는, 참을 수 없는 :(unbearable) difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable

insufferable ↔ tolerable insufferable : tolerate ::

insular [ínsələr, -sjə-] a. 섬의; 섬나라 근성의, 편협한 1. a. of, relating to, or constituting an island b. living or located on an island 2. a. suggestive of the isolated life of an island b. circumscribed and detached in outlook and experience;

narrow or provincial insular ↔ ecumenical, cosmopolitan insularity ↔ refinement insularity ↔ cosmopolitanism

insulate [ínsəlèit, -sjə-] v. 절연/방음하다; 분리/격리하다 1. to cause to be in a detached or isolated position 2. to prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or

out of, especially by surrounding with a nonconducting material

insulate ↔ expose

insurgent [insə ːrdʒənt] a. 반란을 일으키는 n. 반란자 : rising in revolt against civil authority or a government in

power; rebellious parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate incendiary 불을 지르는; 선동하는, 교사하는; 자극적인

insusceptible [ìnsəséptəb:əl] a. 무감각의(insensible); 받아들이지 않는

insusceptible ↔ responsive, susceptible

intact [intǽkt] a. 온전한, 원래 로의; 처녀의 1. remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any

way 2. having all physical parts

riven ↔ intact rive 찢다, 쪼개다; (마음을) 갈기갈기 찢다

intangible [intǽndʒəbəl] a. 만져서 알 수 없는; 이해할 수 없는 : IMPALPABLE

1. incapable of being perceived by the senses 2. incapable of being realized or defined

impracticable : effected :: intangible : known :: indemonstrable : proven (B는 A의 반대 완료형)

tangible ↔ unable to perceive intangible ↔ readily perceived, corporeal, palpable

integral [íntigrəl] a. 필수적인; 완전한 1. essential or necessary for completeness 2. possessing everything essential; entire

integral ↔ superfluous, redundant, tangential, peripheral, unnecessary tangential 접선의; 관계가 거의 없는; 탈선하는, 주제를 벗어난

integrate [íntəgrèit] v. UNIFY 1. to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify 2. a. to join with something else; unite b. to make part of a

larger unit 3. to open to people of all races or ethnic groups without

restriction; desegregate * disintegrate : v. 분해하다, 붕괴하다/분해시키다, 해체하다

disintegrated : cohesive :: (OPPOSITE) integrate ↔ fragment, separate, taint taint 더럽히다; 감염시키다; 손상시키다

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disintegrate ↔ amalgamate disintegration ↔ amalgamation

integrity [intégrəti] n. 정직, 성실; 완전무결 : COMPLETENESS 1. steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code 2. the state of being unimpaired; soundness 3. the quality or condition of being whole or undivided;

completeness ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity :: genuine : authenticity ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;

universal taint ↔ integrity, wholesomeness taint 오염시키다, 더럽히다; 감염시키다; 부패/타락시키다; (명예를)

손상시키다 integrity ↔ incompleteness

intelligible [intélədʒəbəl] a. 알기 쉬운 1. capable of being understood 2. capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone

correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible garble 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다

intemperate [intémpərit] a. 폭음하는; 무절제한; 과격한; 혹심한 : not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in the

use of alcoholic beverages intemperate : restraint :: lethargy : energy intemperate ↔ constrained, equable equable 한결같은, 안정된; 조용한

intensify [inténsəfài] vi. 세게 하다 : STRENGTHEN 1. to make intense or more intense 2. to increase the contrast of (a photographic image)

expand : extent :: intensify : degree moderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousness extenuate 정상을 참작하다; 경시하다

abate : intensity :: taper : width alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax abate, assuage, attenuate ↔ intensify, promote

inter [intə ːr] v.t. 매장하다, 묻다 : to place in a grave or tomb; bury

inter : burial :: obliterate : removal :: install : inauguration install 취임시키다

intercede [ìntərsíːd] vi. 중재하다 : MEDIATE 1. to plead on another's behalf 2. to act as mediator in a dispute

intercessor : mediate :: augur : prediction :: translator : interpret

interdict [ìntərdíkt] v. 금지하다 1. to prohibit or place under an ecclesiastical or legal

sanction 2. to forbid or debar, especially authoritatively 3. a. to cut or destroy (a line of communication) by

firepower so as to halt an enemy's advance b. to confront and halt the activities, advance, or entry of

interdict ↔ authorize

interim [íntərim] a. 일시적인, 중간의 : belonging to, serving during, or taking place during an

intermediate interval of time; temporary respite : labor :: interim : concert interim ↔ continuous, permanent, certain, definite, continuing

interlock [ìntərlɑ k / -lɔ k] v. 포개지다, 서로 걸리다; 연동하다 1. to unite or join closely as by hooking or dovetailing 2. to connect together (parts of a mechanism, for example)

so that the motion or operation of individual parts affect each other

dovetail (건축) 열장이음

interlocking ↔ independent

interloper [ìntərlóupər] n. 참견하는 놈 : one that interferes with the affairs of others, often for

selfish reasons; a meddler

interlude [íntərlùːd] n. 막간; 간주 : INTERVAL 1. an intervening episode, feature, or period of time 2. a. a short farcical entertainment performed between the

acts of a medieval mystery or morality play b. a 16th-century genre of comedy derived from this c. an entertainment between the acts of a play 3. (music) a short piece inserted between the parts of a

longer composition

interminable [intə ːrmənəbəl] a. 끝없는, 무기한의; 지겨운 1. being or seeming to be without an end; endless 2. tiresomely long; wearisome

countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad 무수한 constituting a very large, indefinite number;

innumerable untold 이야기 되지 않은; 말로 표현할 수 없는; 셀 수 없는, 막 한

interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive : fathomless : deep interminable : length :: fathomless : depth

intermittent [ìntərmítənt] a. 간헐적인 1. stopping and starting at intervals 2. alternately containing and empty of water

intermittent ↔ constant, continued

interpose [intərpouz] v. ~사이에 두다, 끼워넣다, 개입하다, 방해하다, 이의를 제기하다, 간섭하다

interpose ↔ overlook, ignore, disregard, avoid

interregnum [ìntərégnəm] n. 군주/원수 부재 기간; (내각 경질 등에 의한) 정치 공백 기간 1. the interval of time between the end of a sovereign's reign

and the accession of a successor 2. a period of temporary suspension of the usual functions of

government or control 3. a gap in continuity

interregnum : government :: hibernation : activity

interrogate [intérəgèit] v.t. 심문하다, 따져 묻다 : to examine by questioning formally or officially

interrogate : probe :: probe 조사하다; 엄 히 검사하다

confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory question : interrogative :: order : imperative imperative 필수의, 의무적인; 명령적인

usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine (A >> B) usurp 강탈하다 to seize and hold (the power or rights) by force and

without legal authority

interrogative [ìntərɑ gətiv|-rɔ g-] a. 의문의, 묻고 싶어 하는; 의문문의, 의문문에 쓰이는

1. asking a question or being of the nature of a question 2. of, relating to, or being an element or construction used to

ask a question

interrogatory a. 의문의; 의심스러워하는 asking a question; of the nature of a question; interrogative

intervene [ìntərvíːn] vi. 중재하다; 끼어들어 방해하다 1. to come, appear, or lie between two things 2. to come or occur between two periods or points of time 3. to occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance 4. a. to come in or between so as to hinder or alter an action b. to interfere, usually through force or threat of force, in the

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affairs of another nation

intimate [íntəmit] n. 친한 친구 [íntəmeit] v. 간접적으로 말하다, 넌지시 비치다 1. to make known subtly and indirectly; hint 2. to announce; proclaim

clique : intimates :: flock : sheep intimate : close :: engrossed : absorbed :: obsessed : attracted (A >> B)

intimate : communicate :: allude : infer (동사) allude 암시하다 to make an indirect reference

intimidate [intímədèit] v.t. 겁먹게 하다, 협박하다 1. to make timid; fill with fear 2. to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion 강요, 강탈; 착취

dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain irrepressible 억제할 수 없는, 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible

to control or restrain coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate obfuscate 혼란하게 하다; 애매하게 하다

cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize 겁 : 상대방을 겁먹게하다 :: 화 : 상대방을 화나게하다

sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation

intractable [intrǽktəb:əl] a. 고집 센, 다루기 힘든, 난치의 1. difficult to manage or govern; stubborn 2. difficult to mold or manipulate 3. difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure * intractability n.

intractable : control :: (A=B하기 힘든) intractable : govern :: intractable ↔ obeisant, governable, yielding, manageable intractability ↔ governability

intransigent [intrǽnsədʒənt] a. 비타협적인 : UNCOMPROMISING

: refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude

firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed (A << B) obsess 사로잡히다 to preoccupy the mind of excessively

intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent : control :: resolute : oscillate intransigent ↔ open to compromise, complaisant, yielding complaisant 남을 기쁘게 해주려는, 친절한, 상냥한, 정중한 docile, pliant, tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate, intractable

intransigence ↔ docility, pliancy, tractability

intrepid [intrépəd] a. 담한, 두려움을 모르는 : resolutely courageous; fearless

genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (A한 사람은 B가 없다) genteel 태생이 좋은, 품위 있는; 점잔 빼는

fear : intrepid :: qualm : unscrupulous (B한 사람은 A가 없다) qualm 양심의 가책 intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract (A하지 못하게 B하다) deter 단념시키다; 방해하다 to prevent or discourage from acting, as

by means of fear or doubt rapt 골몰한, 넋을 잃은; 황홀해 하는

intrepid ↔ apprehensive intrepidness ↔ craven

intricacy [íntrikəsi] n. 복잡 * intricate adj.

intricate : complexity :: intricate ↔ simple, straightforward chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro [kià:rəskjúərou] n. 명암 조법

intrigue [intrí:g] vi. 음모를 꾸미다; 흥미를 자아내다 1. to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot 2. to arouse the interest or curiosity of intriguing [intríːgiŋ] a. 흥미를 자아내는; 음모를 꾸미는 :

FASCINATING interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL) bootless without advantage or benefit; useless

intrigue, interest ↔ pall pall 시시해지다, 진저리나다

intrinsic [intrínsik] a. 고유의, 내재한 : of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent

intrinsic ↔ extraneous

intuitive [intjú:itiv] a. 직관적인 1. of, relating to, or arising from intuition 2. known or perceived through intuition 3. possessing or demonstrating intuition

inundate [ínəndèit] v. 범람하다, 침수시키다; 쇄도하다 1. to cover with water, especially floodwaters 2. to overwhelm as if with a flood; swamp

inundate ↔ drain

inundation [ínəndèiʃən, -nʌn-] n. 홍수 : to cover with a flood : OVERFLOW

inure [injúər] v.t. (나쁜 것에) 익숙케 하다 : to habituate to something undesirable, especially by

prolonged subjection; accustom inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency addict (나쁜 버릇 등에) 젖게 하다, 빠지게 하다

invariant [inv (:)əriənt] a. 한결같은, 불변의 : not varying; constant

invariance ↔ fluctuation

invective [invéktiv] n. 독설 a. 욕설(비난)의 명. 1. denunciatory or abusive language; vituperation 2. denunciatory or abusive expression or discourse 형. of, relating to, or characterized by denunciatory or

abusive language exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit (A = B하게 하는 행동) exhortation 권고, 설교, 충고 exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice,

or appeal polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive polemic 반론, 논쟁; 논쟁가

invective ↔ accolade, approbation, compliment, exaltation, extolment, flattery, laud, laudatory speech/words, encomium, praise, adulation

eulogy, eulogium : invective :: (OPPOSITE, 명 : 형)

inveigh [invéi] vi. 심하게 항의하다, 매도하다 : to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently

inveigh ↔ verbally provide support

inveigle [invíːgəl, -véi-] v. 끌어들이다; 속여서 빼앗다 1. to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk 2. to obtain by cajolery

plot : plan :: inveigle : interest (DEFECTIVE) inveigle ↔ request directly, openly seek to persuade

inventory [ínvəntɔ ːri / -təri] n. 재고 조사; 상품 목록 일람 1. a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's

possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock

2. the process of making such a list, report, or record 3. the items listed in such a report or record 4. the quantity of goods and materials on hand; stock 5. an evaluation or a survey, as of abilities, assets, or

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resources census : population :: inventory : stock inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo manifest n. 선박 적하 목록; 승객 명단 a list of cargo or passengers

carried on a ship or plane

investigate [invéstəgèit] v. 조직적으로 연구하다, 상세히 조사하다 : to observe or inquire into in detail; examine

systematically investigate : probe :: cavil : criticize

inveterate [invétərit] a. 뿌리 깊은, 상습적인 1. firmly and long established; deep-rooted 2. persisting in an ingrained habit; habitual

inveterate ↔ casual, uninitiated casual a. 우연한, 우발적인 n.임시 노동자

invidious [invídiəs] a. 비위에 거슬리는; 불공평한, 불쾌한 1. tending to rouse ill will, animosity, or resentment 2. containing or implying a slight; discriminatory 3. envious

invidious ↔ beneficial

invigorate [invígərèit] v. 고무하다 : STIMULATE : to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to; animate

conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate conducive 공헌하는, 도움이 되는 tending to cause or bring about;

contributive tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden analgesic 진통제 a medication that reduces or eliminates pain

invigorate ↔ weaken, debilitate, demoralize, enfeeble, enervate, emaciate, sap debilitate 약하게 하다 to sap the strength or energy of; enervate emaciate 야위게/쇠약하게 하다; (효과 등을) 약하게 하다

invincible [invínsəbəl] a. 정복할 수 없는, 무적의 : incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable

invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve :: impermeable : penetrate (A = B할 수 없는) (corrupt : compromise는 오답)

invincible : subdue :: impervious : damage impervious 불침투성의; 영향을 받지 않는

inviolable [invɑ iələb:əl] a. 불가침의, 신성한; 침범할 수 없는 1. secure from violation or profanation 2. impregnable to assault or trespass; invincible

pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable profane 신성을 더럽히는; 세속적인, 야비한

inviolate [inváiəlit] a. 신성한 : PURE : not violated or profaned; intact

intact 본래 로의, 손 지 않은, 완전한 pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolate :: penetrate : impermeable :: comprehend : obscure profane 선성을 더럽히는; 세속적인

inviolable, inviolate ↔ profane, impure, conteminated impure 불결한, 더러운 inviolated ↔ contaminated

invite [inváit] v. : ENTICE, PROVOKE 1. to ask for the presence or participation of 초 하다 2. to request formally 요구하다 3. to welcome; encourage 4. to tend to bring on; provoke 야기하다 5. to entice; tempt 유혹하다

invite ↔ ward off ward off 회피하다, 피하다 1. to turn aside; parry 2. to try to prevent; avert

invoice [ínvɔis] n. 송장, 구매서; (송장에 적힌) 화물

1. a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill

2. the goods or services itemized in an invoice consignment : invoice :: consignment 위탁, 탁송; 또는 그 물품 consign 넘기다, 인도하다; 할당하다, 충당하다; 운송하다, 탁송하다

invoke [invóuk] v.t. 1. to call on (a higher power) for assistance, support, or

inspiration 호소하다 2. to appeal to or cite in support or justification 청원/탄원하다 3. to call for earnestly; solicit

invoke ↔ suspend

invulnerable [invʌ lnərəbəl] a.불사신의, 무적의; 쳐부술 수 없는 1. immune to attack; impregnable 2. impossible to damage, injure, or wound

impregnable 난공불락의, 견고한; 확고부동한 euphemism : offend :: invulnerable : injure untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury untenable being such that defense or maintenance is impossible

irascible [irǽsəbəl, air-] a. 성마른 1. prone to outbursts of temper; easily angered 2. characterized by or resulting from anger

accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious insensate 감각 없는; 무정한(unfeeling), 잔혹한(brutal); 어리석은

affable ↔ irascible affable 붙임성 있는; 상냥한 easy and pleasant to speak to; gentle

and gracious

irate [áireit, -- ] a. 격노한 1. extremely angry; enraged 2. characterized or occasioned by anger

gush : effusive :: rage : irate gush 세차게 흘러나오다, 분출하다

ire [áiər] n. 노여움, 분노 v. ~을 노하게 하다 ire ↔ placate

irenic [airénik|-rí:n-] a. 평화(협조)적인

iridescence [ìrədésəns] n. 무지개 빛 * iridescent 1. producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors 무지개

빛깔의 2. brilliant, lustrous, or colorful in effect or appearance

iridescent ↔ monochromatic

irk [əːrk] v. 성가시게 하다 : VEX, IRRITATE : to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to

irk : enrage :: suggest : urge (A << B) enrage 격노하게 하다 to put into a rage; infuriate

pest : irksome :: expert : proficient pest 귀찮은 사람, 해로운 사람/동물/물건; 역병, 전염병; 해독, 재앙

irk ↔ act defensively, cause to pleased, gratify, make someone pleased, please

ironclad [áiərnklǽd] a. 철판을 입힌; 견고한, 엄격한 : rigid; fixed; so firm or secure as to be unbreakable

jammed : full :: ironclad : firm :: brilliant : smart (EQUAL)

irradicable [irǽdikəbl] a. 근절할 수 없는, 뿌리 깊은 : impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable

ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate ineffable 형언할 수 없는, 말로 표현할 수 없는

incorrigible : amend :: irradicable, ineradicable : remove

irreducible [ìridjúːsəbəl] a. 줄일 수 없는

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: impossible to reduce to a desired, simpler, or slammer form or amount

factorable ↔ irreducible factor, factorize 인수분해하다

irrelevant [iréləvənt] a. 관계가 없는 : INAPPLICABLE : unrelated to the matter at hand

irrelevant : pertain :: immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness immaterial 중요하지 않은; 무형의, 비물질적인

germane ↔ irrelevant germane 접한 관계가 있는; 적절한

immaterial ↔ relevant immaterial 비물질적인, 무형의; 정신상의, 영적인; 수롭지 않은,

하찮은

irresolute [irézəlùːt] a. 우유부단한 : VACILLATING, INDECISIVE

1. unsure of how to act or proceed; undecided 2. lacking in resolution; indecisive * irresolution

demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness demur 반 하다, 이의를 제기하다 to voice opposition; object qualm 양심의 가책, 꺼림칙함; 불안, 염려

irresolute, daunted ↔ undeterred irresolution ↔ determination, perposefulness, will, willfulness

irreverent [irévərənt] a. 불경한 1. lacking or exhibiting a lack of reverence; disrespectful 2. critical of what is generally accepted or respected;

satirical irreverent ↔ respectful, courteous, gracious awe ↔ irreverence

irrevocable [irévəkəbl] a. 돌이킬 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는 : impossible to retract or revoke

irrevocable : rescind :: rescind 폐기/철회하다 to make void; repeal or annul

irrigate [írəgèit] v.축이다, 물을 다, 관개하다 : WET, MOISTEN

: to supply (as land or crops) with water by artificial means : to flush (a body part) with a stream of liquid (as in

removing a foreign body or medicating) irrigate : flush :: galvanize : stimulate (A(인위적):B)

irritate [írətèit] v. 짜증나게 하다 : to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy

antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation haunt : familiar, similarity :: harass : irritating haunt (어떤 장소에) 자주 들르다, 자주 어울리다; (생각 등이) 자꾸

떠오르다 irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous fabricate 조립하다; 꾸며내다, 조작하다 ingenuous 솔직한, 숨김없는; 순진한, 꾸밈없는

balm, salve ↔ irritant salve 연고, 고약; 위안, (괴로움 등을) 달래주는 것

isomorph [áisəmɔ:rf] n. 동형체 isomorph ↔ dissimilarity, different structure, heterogeneity, disparateness, structure of dissimilarity

issue [íʃuː / ísjuː] n. 논점; (정기 간행물의) 호 v. 유포시키다 debate : issue :: bargain : price (A = B를 이야기하다) retort : repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation : language는 오답) repartee [rèpərtí:] 재치 있는 응답, 현답 retort 되받아치다, 논박하다; 보답하다

stanza : line :: volume : issue (issue : 월 단위, volume : 년 단위) episode : series :: issue : periodical issue ↔ withdraw

isthmus [ísməs] n. 지협 : a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas

isthmus : land :: strait : water strait 해협; 곤경, 궁핍

itinerary [aitínər`eiri] n. 여로, 여정; 여행 계획/일정표 1. a route or proposed route of a journey 2. an account or a record of a journey 3. a guidebook for travelers

itinerary : trip :: syllabus : course

J jabber [dʒǽbər] v. 재잘거리다

: to talk rapidly, unintelligibly, or idly jabber ↔ speak slowly

jaded [dʒeidid] a. 물린, 지긋지긋한 : EXHAUSTED 1. worn out; wearied 2. dulled by surfeit; sated

overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune jaded ↔ keen, enthusiastic keen 강렬한, 격렬한, 열심인, 열중한

jammed [dʒæmd] a. 꽉 찬 jammed : full :: ironclad : firm ironclad 철판을 입힌; 엄격한, 견고한

jape [dʒeip] v. 희롱하다 : to joke or quip, taunt

quip 빈정거리다, 비꼬다, 놀리다 revere ↔ jape at

jar [dʒɑːr] n. 병, 단지 vi. 삐걱거리다; (신경에) 거슬리다 1. to make or utter a harsh sound 2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate 3. to shake or shiver from impact 4. to clash or conflict

puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled (A = B하게 하다)

jargon [dʒɑ ːrgɑn / -gɔn] n. 허튼 소리; 전문용어 1. nonsensical, incoherent, or meaningless talk 2. a hybrid language or dialect 3. the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession,

or similar group vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular 지방 특유의

jar [dʒａ:r] v. 덜컹거리다, 삐걱거리다; 거슬리다, 불쾌한 느낌을 주다 1. to make or utter a harsh sound 2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate 3. to shake or shiver from impact 4. to clash or conflict

malodorous : smell :: jarring : sound melodious ↔ jarring melodious 선율적인; 아름다운 소리의, 듣기 좋은

jaundice [dʒɔ ːndis, dʒɑ ːn-] n. 편견, 비뚤어짐 v. 편견을 가지

게 하다; (황달에 걸리게 하다) : to affect with envy, jealousy, prejudice, or hostility

jaundice ↔ speak favorably jaundiced ↔ disposed favorably, unprejudiced, candid

jaunty [dʒɔ ːnti, dʒɑ ːn-] a. (태도가) 경쾌한; (옷 등이) 말쑥한

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: LIVELY 1. having a buoyant or self-confident air; brisk 2. crisp and dapper in appearance; natty

staid ↔ jaunty staid 차분한, 침착한

jazz [dʒæz] n. 재즈 portrait : painting :: jazz : music

jealousy [dʒéləsi] n. 질투 attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B)

jejune [dʒidʒúːn] a. 불모의, 지루한, 미숙한 : DULL 1. not interesting; dull 2. lacking maturity; childish 3. lacking in nutrition

jejune : interest :: labyrinthine : simplicity :: cliché : originality jejune ↔ thought provoking

jeopardy [dʒépərdi] n. 위험(성) : risk of loss or injury; peril or danger

uninformative : fathom :: jeopardous : overcome (A = B하기 어려운)

jerk [dʒəːrk] v. 갑자기 움직이다, 갑자기 말하다, (얇게 저미다) n. 갑작스런 움직임

1. to give a quick suddenly arrested push, pull, or twist to 2. to utter abruptly or sharply

jest [dʒest] n. 농담, 익살; 희롱, 장난 1. a playful or amusing act; a prank 2. a frolicsome or frivolous mood 3. an object of ridicule; a laughingstock 4. a witty remark

prank 농담, 못된 장난 a mischievous trick or practical joke frolicsome 농담, 익살; 조롱, 희롱 full of high-spirited fun; frisky

and playful jeer : derision :: reprimand : censure (EQUAL) jest ↔ solemn speaking/utterance, solemnity

jettison [dʒétəsən, -zən] v. (적하 등을) 내던지다; (불필요하여) 버리다 n. 투하 : to cast overboard or off : a voluntary sacrifice of cargo to lighten a ship's load in

time of distress jettison ↔ retain jettison ↔ salvage

jibe [dʒaib] v. 조화/일치하다, gibe의 뜻도 있음 : to be in accord; agree : = gibe

jibe ↔ conflict

jingoist [dʒíŋgouist] n. 호전적 애국주의자 jingo n. 외 강경론자, 맹목적 애국주의자 : one who vociferously supports one's country, especially

one who supports a belligerent foreign policy; a chauvinistic patriot

nepotism : kinship :: jingoist : nationality (A = B에 대한 과도한 집착) nepotism 친족 등용, 족벌주의, 정실(情實)

dove, pacifist ↔ warmonger, jingoist dove 비둘기; 순결, 애정, 평화; 순진한 사람, 평화주의자

jitter [dʒítər] v.신경질 부리다, 안절부절 못하다 : to be nervous or uneasy; fidget

fidget 안절부절 못하다, 불안해하다, 만지작거리다 jittery ↔ resolute

jocular [d3ákjələ:r] a. 웃기는, 까부는 : characterized by joking; given to joking

jocular ↔ lachrymose, serious

jocund [dʒɑ kənd, dʒóuk- / dʒɔ k-] a. 유쾌한 : sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or

quality jocund ↔ dreary, morose, dour, serious, depressed, grave, dismal, lachrymose dreary 쓸쓸한, 우울한; 황량한; 울적한 morose 기분이 언짢은, 우울한 sullenly melancholy; gloomy dour 기분이 언짢은; 엄한, 완고한

dejection ↔ jocundity jocund, jocular ↔ lachrymose lachrymose 눈물이 많은; 구슬픈, 서러운

jog [dʒɑg, dʒɔg] v. 조깅하다 jog : exercise :: barter : trade barter 물물교환하다 to trade goods or services without the exchange

of money

joke [dʒouk] n. 농담 * jocose a. 익살맞은, 농담하는, 웃기는

joke : punch line :: plot : denouement punch line (광고, 농담 등의) 급소가 되는 글귀 denouement [dèinu:máŋ] 단원; 종국

pun : joke :: supernova : star pun 동음이의어를 이용한 말장난

jocose ↔ grave, morose

jolt [dʒoult] vi. 갑자기 움직이다; 마구 뒤흔들다 1. to move or dislodge with a sudden, hard blow; strike

heavily or jarringly 2. to cause to move jerkily 3. to put into a specified condition by or as if by a blow 4. to make suddenly active or effective 5. to disturb suddenly and severely; stun

jolt : move :: check : stop (A = 갑자기 B하다) check to arrest the motion of abruptly; halt

jot [dʒɑt / dʒɔt] v.t. 간단히 적어두다 : to write down briefly or hastily

nip : eat :: jot : write nip to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts jot : write :: skim : read

jovial [dʒóuviəl] a. 즐거운, 유쾌한 : marked by hearty conviviality and good cheer

jovial ↔ mournful, drab, morose, saturnine, maudlin, lachrymose, lugubrious drab 담갈색의; 충충한; 단조로운, 재미없는 saturnine 토성의; 성미가 까다로운, 음침한 maudlin 감상적인, 눈물이 헤픈 effusively or tearfully sentimental lugubrious (과장되게) 슬퍼하는, 가련한

joviality ↔ moroseness morose 시무룩한, 기분이 언짢은 sullenly melancholy; gloomy

joyous [dʒɔ iəs] a. 즐거운, 기쁜 : feeling or causing joy; joyful

joyous ↔ grievous

jubilant [dʒúːbələnt] a. 매우 기쁜 : EXULTANT : exultingly joyful; expressing joy

dolorous ↔ jubilant dolorous 슬픈, 비통한 marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain

judge [dʒ dʒ] n. 재판관, 심판 v. 재판하다 judge : law :: umpire : rule (B는 A가 심판하는 기준) umpire : (경기의 심판원)

judicious [dʒuːdíʃəs] a. 판단력 있는, 영리한, 신중한 : DISCREET

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: having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent 예; judicious handling of the situation 사태에의 신중한 처

miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage 현인, 철인

judicios ↔ crass, daft, unwise, imprudent crass 세련되지 못한, 거친, 둔한, 어리석은 daft 미친; 어리석은 1. mad; crazy 2. foolish; stupid

polite ↔ injudicious judiciousness ↔ indiscretion

juggernaut [dʒʌ gərnɔ ːt] n. 거 한 파괴력이 있는 것, 불가항력 1. something, such as a belief or an institution, that elicits

blind and destructive devotion or to which people are ruthlessly sacrificed

2. an overwhelming, advancing force that crushes or seems to crush everything in its path

juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable :: extemporization : spontaneous

juggernaut : stoppable :: exacting : satisfied (A=B하기 어려운) juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray :: charlatan : deceive quisling 매국노

siren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstoppable siren (神話) 세이렌 [뱃사람을 유혹하는 요정]; 매혹적인 미녀,

요부; 경적, 사이렌

jumble [dʒʌ mbl] vi. 뒤범벅을 만들다, 혼란시키다 1. to mix in a confused way; throw together carelessly 2. to muddle; confuse

mixture : jumble ::

justify [dʒʌ stəfài] v.t. 정당화하다; 의혹을 풀다 1. to demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid 2. to declare free of blame; absolve

justify ↔ argue against

juxtapose [dʒʌ kstəpóuz, / --- ] v.t. (비교, 조를 위해)나란히 놓다 : to place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast

K kangaroo [kæ ŋgərúː] n. 캥거루

kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent marsupial [ma:rsjú:piəl] 유 동물 rodent 설치 동물

ken [ken] n. 이해; 시야, 범위 1. perception; understanding 2. a. range of vision b. view; sight

earshot : hear :: ken : see earshot 가청 거리 hearing distance

kidnap [kídn`æp] v. 납치하다, 유괴하다 : to seize and detain unlawfully and usually for ransom

kidnapping : detainment :: bribery : inducement

2006년 8월 30번 문제임 / 200705,06.. kidnapping : detainment

A wiretapping : entrapment 도청 : 함정수사 B larceny : theft 절도죄 : 절도 C plundering : destruction 약탈 : 파괴, 파기 D bribery : inducement 뇌물 수수 : 유인 E extortion : retribution 금전 등의 강탈 : 보복

larceny the unlawful taking and removing of another's personal property with the intent of permanently depriving the owner; theft.

theft the act or an instance of stealing; larceny. wiretap v. 도청하다 bribery an inducement that influences a public official to perform

his/her duties in a manner contrary to the course that would otherwise be adopted.

kindle [kíndl] v.t. 부채질하다, 충동질하다 : AROUSE 1. a. to build or fuel (a fire) b. to set fire to; ignite 2. to cause to glow; light up 3. to arouse (an emotion, for example)

extinguish, squelch ↔ kindle, rekindle

kindred [kíndrid] n. 일족, 친척; 혈연관계; 유사함, 동질성 a. 동일한, 동류의, 비슷한, 혈족의, 친척의

1. of the same ancestry or family 2. having a similar or related origin, nature, or character

kindred ↔ unsimilarity kindred ↔ dissimilar

kink [kiŋk] n. 얽힘, 비틀림; (근육의) 아픔, 결림; 삐딱함, 변덕 1. a tight curl, twist, or bend in a length of thin material, as

one caused by the tensing of a looped section of wire 2. a painful muscle spasm(경련), as in the neck or back; a

crick 3. a difficulty or flaw that is likely to impede operation, as in

a plan or system 4. a mental peculiarity; a quirk 5. an unusual or eccentric idea

crick 근육 경련, 경직, 쥐 a painful cramp or muscle spasm, as in the back or neck

kiss [kis] v.t. 키스 scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl 얼굴을 찡그리다 to wrinkle or contract the brow as an

expression of anger or disapproval hurl 내던지다; (욕설 등을) 퍼붓다

knack [næk] n. 요령, 비결 1. a clever, expedient way of doing something 2. a specific talent for something, especially one difficult to

explain or teach redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack knack ↔ ineptitude, awkwardness knack ↔ foolish

knave [neiv] n. 부정직한 사람, 악한, 깡패 1. an unprincipled, crafty fellow 2. a. a male servant b. a man of humble birth

crafty 교활한, 간악한 skilled in or marked by underhandedness, deviousness, or deception sage : judgment :: knave : deceit sage 슬기로운 사람, 현인, 철인 one venerated for experience,

judgment, and wisdom knave : rogue :: jack : man (EQUAL) rogue 악한, 불량배, 사기꾼; 장난꾸러기 jack 남자 이름; 보통 남자, 무례한 놈; 동료, 짝패; 허드레꾼

knead [niːd] v.t. 반죽하다, 주무르다; (생각 등을) 가다듬다 1. to mix and work into a uniform mass, as by folding,

pressing, and stretching with the hands 2. to make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and

stretching with the hands 3. to squeeze, press, or roll with the hands, as in massaging

knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable malleable 벼릴 수 있는; 유순한 permeable 삼투성이 있는 that can be permeated or penetrated,

especially by liquids or gases

knit [nit] vi. 짜다, 뜨개질하다; 착시키다, 접합하다 1. to make (a fabric or garment) by intertwining yarn or

thread in a series of connected loops either by hand with knitting needles or on a machine

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2. to form (yarn or thread) into fabric by intertwining 3. to join closely; unite securely 4. to draw (the brows) together in wrinkles; furrow

furrow 갈다, 경작하다; 고랑을 만들다; 주름살을 짓다 knit : yarn :: plait : hair

(study : reconditeness 관계는 오답) yarn (직물의) 실; 긴 다발 plait (머리털, 짚 등을) 땋은/엮은 것(braid) recondite 이해하기 어려운, 난해한 not easily understood; abstruse

needle : knit :: loom : weave loom 베틀, 직조기; 직조

ravel ↔ knit ravel 풀다, 해명하다; 얽히게 하다

knotty [nɑ ti / nɔ ti] a. 옹이 있는; 해결하기에 복잡한 1. tied or snarled in knots 2. covered with knots or knobs 3. difficult to understand or solve; puzzlingly intricate

snarl 으르렁거리다, 고함치다; 엉클어지게 하다, 혼란시키다 knotty : resolve, solve :: (A하면 B하기 어렵다) knotty ↔ easy, simple

kudos [kjúːdɑs / kjúːdɔs] n. 명예, 칭찬 : acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement

kudos ↔ disparagement

L labile [léibil, -bail] a. 불안정한, 변하기 쉬운 : UNSTABLE

: open to change; adaptable labile ↔ stable, immutable, permanent

labored [léibəːrd] a. 동작이 힘든, 굼뜬; 부자연스러운, 서투른 a labored joke 억지농담(부자연스러운 찬사) 1. produced or done with effort 2. lacking natural ease; strained

glib ↔ labored glib 입심 좋은, 말로만 조잘거리는; 경쾌한, 경박한

labyrinth [lǽbərìnθ] n. 미로, 복잡함 :INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY

1. a. an intricate structure of interconnecting passages through which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze

b. (Greek mythology) the maze in which the Minotaur was confined

2. something highly intricate or convoluted in character, composition, or construction

labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest (OPPOSITE) jejune 재미없는, 지루한; 미숙한, 유치한

threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness (OPPOSITE) threadbare 닳아빠진(worn-out); 초라한(shabby) timeworn 오래된, 낡은; 케케묵은, 진부한

ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE) ribald 야비한, 상스러운 characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd

humor lewd 음란한, 외설적인 a. preoccupied with sex and sexual desire; lustful b. obscene; indecent seemly 적당한, 어울리는; 매력적인

labyrinth : tortuous :: ornament : decorative tortuous 구불구불한(winding); 에두르는(devious); 솔직하지 못한

labyrinth ↔ directness, simplicity, straightforward path labyrinthine ↔ simple

lacerate [lǽsərèit] v. 찢다, 째다; (마음, 감정 등을) 상하게 하다 1. to rip, cut, or tear 2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress

lacerate ↔ mitigate, soothe

lachrymose [lǽkrəm`ous] a. 눈물이 많은; 구슬픈, 서러운 1. weeping or inclined to weep; tearful 2. causing or tending to cause tears

lachrymose ↔ jocund, jocular, glad, cheerful, jovial, joyful

lackluster [lǽklʌ stəːr] a. 빛/광택이 없는, 활기 없는 : DULL, MEDIOCRE

: lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull * luster [lʌ stər] n. 광택 v.t. 광택을 내다

reinforce : strength :: polish : luster lackluster ↔ charisma lackluster ↔ radiant, resplendent, refulgent, burnish resplendent 빛나는, 눈부신; 화려한 splendid or dazzling in

appearance; brilliant refulgent shining radiantly; resplendent burnish 닦다, 광을 내다

laconic [ləkɑ nik / -kɔ n-] a. 간결한, 무뚝뚝한 : using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) audacious 담한; 뻔뻔스러운, 무례한 trepidation 전율, 공포; 불안, 동요, 당황 aspiration 호흡; 소망, 동경

laconic : speech :: austere : design laconic ↔ loquacious, voluble, garrulous, verbose, prolix, wordy, lengthy, unabridged

laconism ↔ verbosity voluble ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent

ladle [léidl] n. 국자, 주걱, 큰 스푼 soup : ladle :: flour : scoop

lag [lǽg] v. 처지다, 뒤떨어지다 n. 지연, 지체 lag ↔ forge ahead forge 착실히 전진하다

laggard [lǽgərd] n. 늦는 사람, 꾸물거리는 사람, 굼벵이 a. 느린, 더딘

laggard : dilatory :: rascal : mischievous (A는 B한 성격을 지님) rascal 악당, 장난꾸러기, 악동 a.비열한, 몰염치한 laggard ↔ prompt, vigorous, taut, brisk

lambaste [læmbéist] v.t. 몹시 꾸짖다, 혹평하다 : CENSURE, BERATE

1. to give a thrashing to; beat 2. to scold sharply; berate

berate to rebuke or scold angrily and at length lambaste ↔ extol, laud

lame [leim] a. 절름발이의; 무능력한; 불완전한, 어설픈, 서투른 1. disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult

or impossible 2. marked by pain or rigidness 3. weak and ineffectual; unsatisfactory

lament [ləmént] v. 슬퍼하다, 후회하다 1. to express grief for or about; mourn 2. to regret deeply; deplore

lament : grief :: lament : elegy :: lamentable : repentance :: celebrate : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE)

lamentable [lǽməntəb-əl] a. 애석한 : MOURNFUL : inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or

pitiable lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure reprehensible 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke or censure;

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blameworthy celebration :: lamentable :: slight :: respectful (OPPOSITE)

laminate [lǽmənèit] v. 박판으로 자르다/만들다 1. to beat or compress into a thin plate or sheet 2. to divide into thin layers

laminate : divide ::

lampoon [læmpúːn] n. 풍자 1. a broad satirical piece that uses ridicule to attack a

person, a group, or an institute 2. a light, good-humored satire

panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글; 찬사 a formal eulogistic composition

intended as a public compliment satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort paean ↔ harshly lampoon paean [pí:ən] 찬가, 승리의 노래

landfill [lǽndfìl] n. 쓰레기 매립지 cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse cistern 탱크, 물통; 저수지

landlord [lǽndlɔ ːrd] n. 여관 주인, 경영자 1. a person who owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling

units 2. a man who runs a rooming house or an inn; an innkeeper

landmark [lǽndm :rk] n. 경계표; 획기적인 사건 1. a prominent identifying feature of a landscape 2. a fixed marker, such as a concrete block, that indicates a

boundary line 3. an event marking an important stage of development or

a turning point in history 4. a building or site that has historical significance,

especially one that is marked for preservation by a municipal or national government

hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude 은퇴시키다, 고립시키다 to set or keep apart, as from social

contact with others

landslide [lǽndslàid] n. 산사태; (선거 등에서의) 승리 1. a. the downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth

and rock b. the mass that slides 2. a. an overwhelming majority of votes for a political party

or candidate b. an election that sweeps a party or candidate into office 3. a great victory

droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide landslide ↔ debacle debacle 파괴, 붕괴; 실패

lane [lein] n. 좁은 길; 항로, 차선 1. a. a narrow country road b. a narrow way or passage between walls, hedges, or

fences 2. a narrow passage, course, or track, especially: a. a prescribed course for ships or aircraft b. a strip delineated on a street or highway to accomodate

a single line of vehicles

languid [lǽŋgwid] a. (허약 ,피로 등으로) 나른한; 열의 없는 : WEAK

1. lacking energy or vitality; weak 2. showing little or no spirit or animation; listless 3. lacking vigor or force; slow

languid : energy :: desultory : plan desultory 종잡을 수 없는, 막연한; 엉뚱한

languid ↔ effervescent, energetic, vivacious, vehement vivacious 생기 넘치는, 활발한 full of animation and spirit; lively vehement 열정적인; 격렬한

languish [lǽŋgwiʃ] v. 시들다; 비참하게 살다 n. 기운이 없는 상태, 쇠약

1. to be or become weak or feeble; lose strength or vigor 2. to exist or continue in miserable or disheartening

conditions 3. to remain unattended or be neglected 4. to become downcast; pine 5. to affect a wistful or languid air, especially in order to gain

sympathy languish : vitality :: depreciate : value languish ↔ effervesce, thrive thrive 번영하다, 성공하다

languor [lǽŋgəːr] n. 쇠약; 무기력, 권태; 무관심 1. lack of physical or mental energy; listlessness 2. a dreamy, lazy mood or quality 3. oppressive quiet or stillness

languor ↔ alacrity, thriveness

lank [læŋk] a. 호리호리한 : SLENDER, THIN 1. long and lean 2. long, straight, and limp

lank, slender, slim, spindly ↔ stalwart stalwart 건장한, 힘센; 굳건한, 확고한

lanky ↔ squat

lapse [læps] n. (시간의) 경과; 사소한 실수; 전락, 쇠퇴 : a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention 1. the act or an instance of lapsing, as: a. a usually minor or temporary failure; a slip b. a deterioration or decline c. a moral fall 2. a break in continuity; a pause 3. a period of time; an interval

lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality :: misdemeanor : crime (A << B)

inkling : indication :: lapse : error (A << B) misdemeanor 버릇없음, 나쁜 행실 a misdeed inkling 암시 a slight hint or indication

larder [lɑ ːrdəːr] n. 식료품 저장실 : PANTRY 1. a place, such as a pantry or cellar, where food is stored 2. a supply of food

larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes :: reservoir :: water larder : provisions :: vault : valuables :: reservoir : water vault 아치형 지붕; 보관실, 금고

larder : food :: armory : munitions munition (보통 -s) 군수품, 군용품; 자재, 자금

largesse, largess [lɑːrdʒés, lɑ ːrdʒis] n. 아낌없이 줌, 후함 1. a. liberality in bestowing gifts, especially in a lofty or condescending manner b. money or gifts bestowed 2. generosity of spirit or attitude

largesse ↔ parsimony, penuriousness, stinginess, miserliness penuriousness 몹시 인색함 / 몹시 가난함

larval [lɑ :rvəl] a. 유충의, 유생의 모양을 한; (병이) 잠재성인 mature : larva :: larval ↔ mature

lariat [lǽriət] n. 올가미, 밧줄 : LASSO lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd wrangler 언쟁/말다툼하는 사람; 카우보이 crook 굽은 것, 갈고리; (양치기의) 손잡이가 굽은 지팡이, (주교 등

의) 홀(笏)

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lash [læʃ] v. 채찍으로 때리다, 몰아가다, 심하게 욕하다 (밧줄, 끈으로) 묶다, 매다 to secure or bind, as with a rope,

cord, or chain lash ↔ unbind

lassitude [lǽsitjùːd] n. 나른함, 귀찮음 : a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or

listlessness lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (A하면 B하기 어렵다) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir defer 경의를 표하다, 양보하다 to submit to the opinion, wishes, or

decision of another through respect or in recognition of his or her authority, knowledge, or judgment lassitude ↔ vim, animation, verve, vitality, ebullience, effervescence, a feeling of vigor, heartener, vigor, liveliness, fascination vim 정력, 활력, 원기 ebullient vitality and energy verve 활기, 기력

latent [léit-ənt] a. 잠복성의 : present or potential but not evident or active

latency : response :: incubation : disease (빅북문제임. A는 B가 내재되어 있는 상태)

latent ↔ manifest

lathe [leið] n. 금속을 갈고 도려내는 데 쓰는 공작기계 lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten

latitude [lǽtətjùːd] n. 위도; (행동, 사상 등의) 자유 1. a. the angular distance north or south of the earth's

equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe

b. a region of the earth considered in relation to its distance from the equator

2. (astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body north or south of the ecliptic

3. freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations

latitude ↔ strict constraint, tight restraint, restraint, limitation

laudatory [lɔ ːdətɔ ːri / -t-əri] a. 칭찬/찬양하는 : expressing or conferring praise * laud v.t. ~을 찬양하다

counsel : advice :: laud : homage (EQUAL, 동 : 명) laud : admire :: lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise commendable, laudable ↔ execrable, dispicable, blameworthy, repugnant, unworthy, reprehensible execrable 혐오할, 미워할 reprehensible 야단맞아 쌀, 비난받아야 할, 괘씸한

pejorative, execrable ↔ laudatory, laudable pejorative 가치를 떨어뜨리는, 경멸적인 execrable 혐오할, 미워할

laud ↔ revile, blame, deprecate, malign revile 욕하다, 욕설하다 to assail with abusive language; vituperate

laud ↔ belittle laudable ↔ despicable, blameworthy, repugnant, unworthy, reprehensible

lavish [lǽviʃ] a. 후한; 풍부한, 넉넉한 v.t. 남에게 아낌없이 주다 adj. 1. characterized by or produced with extravagance and

profusion 2. immoderate in giving or bestowing; unstinting v.t. to give or bestow in abundance; shower: lavished

attention on his customers unstinting bestowed liberally

excoriate ↔ extol, praise lavishly excoriate 껍질을 벗기다; 호되게 비난하다 to censure strongly;

denounce lavish, prosperous ↔ mean, stint, penurious, austere, economical, parsimonious, impecunious, stark, thrifty stark 매우 간소한, 있는 그 로의

stint 절약하다, 아끼다 to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing with

impecunious 무일푼의, 백수건달의

lax [læks] a. 엄하지 않은, 느슨한, 애매한 1. lacking in rigor, strictness, or firmness 2. not taut, firm, or compact; slack 3. loose and not easily retained or controlled

lax ↔ taut, stringent, strict, careful, attentive, conscientious laxity ↔ intensification

layover [léiouvər] n. 도중하차 (stopover) layover : journey :: pause : action

layperson [léipərsn] n. 평신도, 문외한, 아마추어, 비전문가 (layman, laywomen)

1. a man who is not a cleric 2. a man who is a nonprofessional

layperson : expertise :: novice : experience

laze [leiz] v. 빈둥거리다, 게으름을 피우다 : to be lazy; loaf

laze ↔ travail travail n. 수고, 노고; 고통, 고민; 산고; v. 산고를 겪다, 고생하다

(toil)

leaden [lédn] a. (납처럼) 무거운, 활기 없는 1. made of or containing lead 2. a. heavy and inert b. listless; sluggish 3. lacking liveliness or sparkle; dull 4. downcast; depressed 5. dull, dark gray in color

leaden ↔ vivacious, buoyant, spirited, animated vivacious 생기 넘치는, 활발한 full of animation and spirit; lively

leakage [líːkidʒ] n. 누출, 누설 seal : leakage :: lubricate : abrasion

lean [li:n] a. 여윈, 살이 빠진 v. 몸을 구부리다, 기울어지다, 기울이다, 굽히다

lean ↔ fat lean ↔ straighten

leaning [lí:niŋ] a. 경사; 경향, 기호; 편애 : an inclination, a tendency, or a preference

leaning ↔ disinclination

leaven [lév-ən] v.t. 효모로 발효시키다; 서서히 변화시키다 1. an agent, such as yeast, that causes batter or dough to rise,

especially by fermentation 2. an element, influence, or agent that works subtly to

lighten, enliven, or modify a whole leaven : volume :: distill : purity

lectern [léktəːrn] n. 성서 , 독서 1. a reading desk with a slanted top holding the books from

which scriptural passages are read during a church service 2. a stand that serves as a support for the notes or books of a

speaker

ledger [lédʒəːr] n. 원장부 : a book in which the monetary transactions of a business are

posted in the form of debits and credits

leer [liəːr] 곁눈질하다, 흘겨보다 to look with a sidelong glance, indicative especially of sexual

desire or sly and malicious intent stare : leer :: peruse : smattering (A >> B) peruse 정독하다; 자세히 조사하다, 음미하다 to read or examine,

typically with great care

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leery [lí-əri] a. 의심 많은 : SUSPICIOUS, WARY : suspicious or distrustful

wary 조심하는, 신중한 leery ↔ showing no doubt, imprudent

legacy [légəsi] n. 유산, 유증 1. money or property bequeathed to another by will 2. something handed down from an ancestor or a

predecessor or from the past legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor legacy : predecessor :: endowment : patron

legend [lédʒ-ənd] n. 전설; 범례; 전설적 인물 : an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart

glossary : text :: legend : map legendary ↔ obscure legendary 전설의; 잘 알려진 extremely well known; famous or

renowned

legerdemain [lèdʒərdəméin] n. 요술, 마술, 날랜 손재주 / 속임수, 사기, 책략

magician : legerdemain :: acrobat : tumbling :: acrobat : gymnastics

legible [lédʒəb-əl] a. 읽을 수 있는; 읽기 쉬운, 명백한 : PLAIN 1. possible to read or decipher 2. plainly discernible; apparent

legible : decipher ::

legion [líːdʒ-ən] n. 다수 : a large number; a multitude

legion ↔ lack in number

lenient [líːniənt, -njənt] a. 너그러운 : inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or

indulgent martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication draconian ↔ lenient

lethal [líːθ-əl] a. 치명적인 : DEVASTATING 1. capable of causing death 2. of, relating to, or causing death 3. extremely harmful; devastating

disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal (A << B)

lethargy [léθəːrdʒi] n. 무기력, 무감각; 혼수상태 1. a state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy 2. a state of unconsciousness resembling deep sleep * lethargic adj. 무기력한

antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargic : stimulate :: skeptical : convince (OPPOSITE) lethargy : energy :: intemperate : restraint (LACK) lethargy ↔ vigor, animation, alert, alertness, effervescence lethargic ↔ animated, energetic, ebullient, vigorous, invigorating

levee [lévi] n. 제방 levee : river :: cordon : crowd (A = B를 둘러 쌈) cordon 보초선, 비상선 a line of people, military posts, or ships

stationed around an area to enclose or guard it rampart : invasion :: levee : flood (A protect B) rampart 성벽; 방어물

padding : damage :: levee : flooding

levelheaded [lévː-əlhédid] a. 분별 있는 : SENSIBLE : characteristically self-composed and sensible levelheaded ↔ foolish

leverage [lév-əridʒ, líːv-] n. 지레 장치; 영향력 1. a. the action of a lever b. the mechanical advantage or a

lever 2. positional advantage; power to act effectively

publicity : attention :: leverage : advantage (EQUAL) leverage ↔ impuissance, lack of ability impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness

leviathan [[livɑ iəθən]] n. 성서에 나오는 무지 큰 짐승, 홉스가 지은 정치철학론 책 이름, 전체주의 국가

1. Something unusually large of its kind, especially a ship. 2. A very large animal, especially a whale. 3. Bible. A monstrous sea creature mentioned in the Old

Testament. leviathan : massive :: juggernaut : inexorable :: phoenix : immortal phoenix 불사조

levity [lévəti] n. 경솔, 변덕 1. lightness of manner or speech, especially when

inappropriate; frivolity 2. inconstancy; changeableness 3. the state or quality of being light; buoyancy

levity ↔ gravity, seriousness

levy [lévi] v. 징수하다(collect), 할당하다(impose); 징집하다

(enroll); 시작하다, 선전포고하다 1. to impose or collect (a tax, for example) 2. to draft into military service 3. to declare and wage (a war)

levy, legislate ↔ rescind

lexicographer [lèksəkɑ grəfəːr / -kɔ g-] n. 사전 편찬자 cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary :: weaver : cloth

liability [làiəbíləti] n. 책임, 부채 exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty exempt (의무, 책임 등을) 면제하다

asset ↔ liability liability ↔ immunity

liaison [líːəzɑ n, liːéizɑn / liːéizɔːŋ] n. 연락, 교섭; 간통 1. a. an instance or a means of communication between

different groups or units of an organization, especially in the armed forces b. one that maintains communication

2. a. a close relationship, connection, or link b. an adulterous relationship; an affair

libel [lɑ ibəl] v. 명예 훼손하다, 중상하다 n. 명예 훼손, 모욕 libel : criticize :: denounce : reject

liberal [líb-ərəl] a. 후한, 관 한; 풍부한 : OPENHANDED * liberality n. 마음이 후함, 관 함

nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nefarious 사악한, 부정한, 무도한 infamous by way of being extremely

wicked psarsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) liberal ↔ parsimonious, meager, enfettered meager 부족한, 빈약한; 결핍한; 여윈, 홀쭉해진

liberalist ↔ enfetterist liberality ↔ unkindness, stinginess, disservice, disapproval, intolerance, prejudice

liberate [líbərèit] v. 해방하다 : FREE : to set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign

control liberate ↔ shackle, fetter, deprive of freedom, impede

libertine [líbəːrtìːn] n. 방탕아, 난봉꾼; 자유사상가 1. one who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person 2. one who defies established religious precepts; a

freethinker libertine : licentious :: caviler : carping cavil; to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections licentious [laisénʃəs] 음탕한, 부도덕한

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libertine : dissolute :: dupe : credulous :: sycophant : obsequious :: buffoon : ludicrous :: wag : humorous dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in

sensual pleasures or vices buffoon [bəfú:n] 어릿광 ; 익살꾼 wag (머리, 꼬리 등을) 흔들기; 익살꾼, 재치가 있는 사람

emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious emotion : effusive :: manner : grandiose (DEFECTIVE) effusive 심정을 토로하는, 지나치게 감정적인; 뿜어 나오는, 넘쳐흐

르는 grandiose [grǽndiòus] 웅장한; 젠체하는, 거드름 피우는

libertine ↔ ascetic

liberty [líbəːrti] n. 자유 management ↔ unfettered liberty management 조작, 처리; 제어, 관리

libretto [librétou] n. 오페라 가사 libretto : opera :: lyrics : song

licentious [laisénʃəs] a. 음탕한, 부도덕한 1. lacking moral discipline or ignoring legal restraint,

especially in sexual conduct 2. having no regard for accepted rules or standards

caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in

sensual pleasures or vices licentious ↔ morally restrained, virtuous, moral licentiousness ↔ moral restraint, restraint person

lien [liːn, liːən] n. 선취 특권 : the right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor

as security or payment for a debt or duty lien : claim :: subpoena : command subpoena [səbpí:nə] 소환장

lighthearted [lɑ ithɑ :rtid] adj. 근심(고생)이 없는, 태평한, 마음편한, 쾌활(명랑)한

lighthearted ↔ morose, careworn lightheartedness ↔ solemnity, sobriety, graveness

liken [láikən] v.t. 견주다 : COMPARE : to see, mention, or show as similar; compare

liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference liken ↔ contrast, controvert, differentiate, discriminate

limber [límbər] a. 유연한 : FLEXIBLE, PLIABLE 1. bending or flexing readily; pliable 2. capable of moving, bending, or contorting easily; supple

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty spindly 호리호리하고 가냘픈 slender and elongated, especially in a

way that suggests weakness

limelight n. 라임라이트 (빛), 세상의 이목을 초래하는 것(입장) 1. a focus of public attention 2. a. an early type of stage light in which lime was heated

to incandescence producing brilliant illumination b. The brilliant white light so produced. In this sense, also

called calcium light limelight ↔ obscurity, anonymity obscurity 이름없는 사람, 중요하지 않은 사람(것)

limerick [límərik] n. 5행시 farce : performance :: limerick : poem farce 소극(笑劇)

limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire (A ∈ B) lampoon 풍자 (문학)

limousine [líməzìːn, --- ] n. 리무진

mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile

limp [limp] a. 축 늘어진, 활기 없는 SPIRITLESS 1. to walk lamely, especially with irregularity, as if favoring

one leg 2. to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily

limp : walk :: stutter : talk stutter 더듬다, 더듬거리며 말하다

limp ↔ firm

limpid [límpid] a. 맑은, 투명한, 고요한 : PELLUCID 1. characterized by transparent clearness; pellucid 2. easily intelligible; clear 3. calm and untroubled; serene

clear, pellucid, limpid ↔ murky, unclear, nebulous, turbid, obscure, opaque nebulous 흐린, 구름 같은; 막연한, 불투명한 murky 어두운, 흐린; 애매한

linen [línin] n. 아마포, 린네르; (집합적) 린네르 제품 : thread or cloth spun from flax

clay : porcelain :: flax : linen flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal flannel 플란넬 [양모나 양모 혼방의 천, 또는 그 천으로 만든 옷]

linger [líŋgəriŋ] 꾸물거리다, 질질 끌다; 근근이 목숨을 이어가다 1. to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry 2. to remain feebly alive for some time before dying 3. to persist 4. to proceed slowly; saunter 5. to be tardy in acting; procrastinate

lingering ↔ fleeting

linoleum [linóuliəm] n. 마루판 varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum

lint [lint] n. 린트; 붕 용 천 lint : bleeding :: brake : motion lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment tarpaulin 방수 시트; 방수용 외투

lionize [lɑ iən`aiz] v. 치켜세우다 : to look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity

lionize ↔ denigrate, subjugate, disparage, slight, trivialize, mock, condemn, disgrace

lissome [lísəm] a. 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 민첩한, 날렵한 1. easily bent; supple 2. having the ability to move with ease; limber

lissome : lithe :: (EQUAL) lithe [laið] 나긋나긋한, 유연한

lissome ↔ ungainly, sordid ungainly 보기 흉한, 볼품없는, 어색한; 다루기 힘든

list [list] n. 기욺 : an inclination to one side, as of a ship; a tilt

list ↔ upright

lithe [laið] a. 유연한, 우아한 1. readily bent; supple 2. marked by effortless grace

lithe ↔ awkward, inelastic, stiff, oafish, ponderous

livid [lívid] a. 멍이 든; 창백한; 격노한 1. discolored, as from a bruise; black-and-blue 2. ashen or pallid 3. extremely angry; furious

livid : angry :: despondent : discouraged (A >> B)

loath [louθ] a. 싫은, 꺼림칙한 : unwilling or reluctant; disinclined

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loath ↔ amusing, amusive, amusable, eager

loathe [louθ] 몹시 싫어하다 : to dislike (someone or something) greatly; abhor

castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike (A >> B) castigate 응징하다; 혹평하다 to inflict severe punishment on; to

criticize severely dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss loathe ↔ amuse

loathsome [lóuðsəm] a. 지긋지긋한, 욕지기나는(nauseating) : arousing loathing; abhorrent

loathsome ↔ delectable delectable 기분 좋은, 유쾌한

lode [loud] n. 광맥; 원천 : a rich source or supply

shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A는 B로 들어가는 통로) shaft [채광] 수갱 aquifer [ǽkwəfər] 수층 [지하수를 내장한 침투성 지층]

lofty [lɔ ːfti / lɔ fti] a. 우뚝 솟은; 고귀한, 위엄 있는; 거만한, 오만한 SUPERIOR 1. of imposing height 2. elevated in character; exalted 3. affecting grandness; pompous 4. arrogant; haughty

lofty : respect lofty ↔ mean, casting down, ignominious, ignoble, sordid, obsequious ignominious [ìgnəmíniəs] 창피한; 경멸할 만한 sordid 누추한(dirty, squalid); 천박한, 야비한

log n. 항해 일지, 여행 일기 v. 항해 일지에 기입하다 ship : log ::

loll [lɑl / lɔl] v. 빈둥거리다, 맥없이 앉다/기 다 1. to move, stand, or recline in an indolent or relaxed

manner 2. to hang or droop laxly

loll ↔ move vigorously

longevity [landʒévəti] n. 장수; 장기근속; 고참, 연상

(seniority) 1. a. long life; great duration of life b. length or duration of life 2. long duration or continuance, as in an occupation

longevity ↔ brief duration

longing [lɔ (ː)ŋiŋ, lɑ ŋ-] n. 갈망 : a strong persistent yearning or desire, especially one that

cannot be fulfilled longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for

lopsided [lɑ psáidid / lɔ p-] a.한쪽으로 기운; 균형이 잡히지 않은 1. heavier, larger, or higher on one side than on the other 2. sagging or leaning to one side

lopsided ↔ evenhanded

loquacious [loukwéiʃəs] a. 수다스런 : very talkative; garrulous

loquacious : word :: profligate : money profligate 방탕한, 품행이 나쁜; 낭비가 심한

loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous :: reckless : adventurous :: cloying : sweet (A >> B) cloy 넌덜나게 하다

loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) garrulous, loquacious : words :: prodigal, profligate : money flattery : praise :: loquacious : talkativeness (A >> B) loquacious ↔ taciturn, laconic, reticent, restrained, diffuse reticent 과묵한, 말이 적은; 삼가는, 억제된

loquacity ↔ disinclination to speak, reluctance to speak, reticence

lottery [lɑ təri / lɔ t-] 복권 1. (game) a contest in which tokens are distributed or sold,

the winning token or tokens being secretly predetermined or ultimately selected in a random drawing

2. a selection made by lot from a number of applicants or competitors

3. an activity or event regarded as having an outcome depending on fate

lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (로또복권은 추첨 방식, 표는 입장 방식) raffle 사람들이 복권을 사서 추첨해서 당첨되는 방식의 복권 a

lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize

lounge 빈둥거리다, 어슬렁거리다 1. to move or act in a lazy, relaxed way; loll 2. to pass time idly

lour [lauər] v. 험악해지다, 얼굴을 찌푸리다 : to look sullen : FROWN

loutish [láutiʃ] a. 버릇없는; 촌스러운 : having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and

boorish lout 무지렁이, 촌놈 a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf

loutish : grace :: coltish : discipline coltish 미숙한; 장난꾸러기인

genteel ↔ loutish, vulgar genteel 상류사회의, 품위 있는, 우아한

loyal [lɔ iəl] a. 충성스러운; 성실한; 정직한, 고결한 exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) perfidious 배신하는, 속이는 treacherous

snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty snub 경멸하다, 타박주다; 좌절시키다; 비벼 끄다

lubricate [lúːbrikèit] v. 기름을 치다; 미끄럽게 하다 1. to apply a lubricant to 2. to make slippery or smooth

oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B)

lucid [lúːsid] a. 명쾌한, 이해하기 쉬운; 투명한 1. easily understood; intelligible 2. mentally sound; sane or rational 3. translucent or transparent

lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand :: prominent : notice lucid ↔ murky, vague, obfuscated

lucubrate [lu :kjəbreit] v. 부지런히 일하다, 열심히 공부하다 : to write in a scholarly fashion; produce scholarship

lucubration [lúːkjubréiʃən] n. 부단한 연구 : laborious study or meditation

lucubration ↔ cursory consideration cursory 겉핥기의, 엉성한, 서두르는 performed with haste and scant

attention to detail

lug [lʌg] v. (무거운 것을) 질질 끌다 1. to drag or haul (an object) laboriously 2. to pull or drag with short jerks 3. to cause (an engine, for example) to run poorly or hesitate

haul 잡아끌다, 운반하다

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lug : carry :: trudge : walk trudge 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다 to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed

way; plod

lugubrious [luːgjúːbriəs] a. (특히 과장되게) 슬퍼하는 : mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an exaggerated

degree lugubrious ↔ cheerful, jovial, facetious, sunny, merry, exultant, uplifting facetious 진지하지 않은, 익살맞은; 까부는, 경박한 humorous

lugubriousness ↔ cheerfulness

lukewarm [lú:kwɔ :rm] a. 미온의, 미지근한; 열의 없는, 무관심한, 개의치 않는

1. mildly warm; tepid 2. lacking conviction or enthusiasm; indifferent

lull [lʌl] v. 달래다, 어르다, 진정시키다 : SOOTHE n. 일시적 잠잠함, 진정된 상태, 중단

1. to cause to sleep or rest; soothe or calm 2. to deceive into trustfulness

lull ↔ hectic period, fastest period hectic 매우 흥분한, 떠들썩한 characterized by intense activity,

confusion, or haste lull ↔ intense discussion lull ↔ revive, startle, gall, galvanize, increase activity, vehemence, vigilance

lullaby [lʌ ləbài] n. 자장가; 기분을 달래주는 노래 lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse

lumber [lʌ mbər] v. 벌채하다; (탱크 등이) 요란스럽게 움직이다 1. to walk or move wit heavy clumsiness 2. to move with a rumbling noise

lumber : grace :: waver : resolution (LACK) lumber ↔ glide

lumen [lu :mən] n. 루멘 [광속의 국제단위] lumen : light :: decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power

luminary [lúːmənèri/-nəri] n. 발광체; 선각자, 지도자; 유명인 1. an object, such as a celestial body, that gives light 2. a person who is an inspiration to others 3. a person who has achieved eminence in a specific field

master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence maven 박식한 사람

luminary ↔ nonentity, nobody, ordinary person

lung [lʌŋ] n. 폐 lung : respire :: tooth : masticate masticate 씹다(chew)

lurch [ləːrtʃ] v. 비틀거리다 : to stagger; to roll or pitch suddenly or erratically

lurch ↔ progress smoothly

lurid [ljú(:)ərid] adj. 무시무시한, 비극적인 lurid : terrify ::

lurk [ləːrk] v. 잠복하다; 잠행하다; 잠재하다 : SKULK, SNEAK, SLINK

1. to lie in wait, as in ambush 2. to move furtively; sneak 3. to exist unobserved or unsuspected

lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: hoard : save (A는 B를 몰래 하는 것) lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation lurk ↔ reveal, disclose, divulge, let out, tell, uncover

lush [lʌʃ] a. 파릇파릇한, 무성한 1. a. having or characterized by luxuriant vegetation b. abundant; plentiful c. extremely productive; thriving

2. a. luxurious; opulent b. extremely pleasing to the senses c. voluptuous or sensual 3. overelaborate or extravagant

lush ↔ withered, sere sere 시든, 말라빠진

lustrous [lʌ strəs] a. 번쩍이는; 훌륭한, 찬란한; 매력적인 1. having a sheen or glow 2. gleaming with or as if with brilliant light; radiant

numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous lustrous : polish :: pure : refine

luxuriant [lʌgʒúəriənt, lʌkʃúər-] a. 무성한, 울창한; 풍부한; 공들인, 사치스러운 1. a. characterized by rich or profuse growth b. producing or yielding in abundance 2. excessively florid or elaborate 3. marked by or displaying luxury; luxurious

ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages

luxuriant ↔ spartan, meager (inexpensive는 오답)

luxurious [lʌgʒú:riəs] a. 사치스러운, 고급의, 일류의(splendid); 관능적인; 풍부한(opulent); 화려한(florid), 지나치게 꾸민

1. fond of or given to luxury 2. marked by or contributing to luxury 3. of a sumptuous, costly or rich variety

sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 luxurious ↔ simple, austere, poor, worthless, unrefined

lyric [lírik] a. 서정시의; 서정적인 lyric : poem :: ballad : song :: comedian : actor

M macabre [məkɑ ːbr-ə] a. 으스스한, 소름끼치는

1. suggesting the horror of death and decay; gruesome 2. constituting or including a representation of death

macabre : shudder :: hilarious : laugh shudder 몸서리치다, 부들부들 떨다

macabre ↔ jocund

macerate [mǽsərèit] v. (물로) 부드럽게 하다 : to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid

macerate ↔ harden by drying

machination [mǽkənéi∫ən] n. 모의, 책동, 음모, 모략 1. the act of plotting 2. a crafty scheme or cunning design for the accomplishment

of a sinister end; conspiracy reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot

maculate [mǽkjəlèit] v. adj. 반점을 찍다, 더럽히다, 반점 있는, 더러워진

: to spot, blemish , or pollute maculated ↔ unspotted maculate ↔ pristine maculate ↔ purify

madcap [mǽdkæp] a. 무모한, 무분별한 n. 무모한 사람 madcap ↔ sober, thoughtful 신중한

maelstrom [méilstrəm] n. 소용돌이; 혼란 1. a violent or turbulent situation 2. a whirlpool of extraordinary size or violence

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maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory

magnanimity [mæ gnəníməti] n. 도량이 큼, 관 함, 아량이 큼 magnanimity ↔ grudge grudge 원한, 악의 a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor

magnanimous [mægnǽnəməs] a. 배포가 큰; 고결한 1. courageously noble in mind and heart 도량이 큰, 배포가

큰 2. generous in forgiving; eschewing resentment or revenge;

unselfish 고결한 magnanimous ↔ mean, selfish, unkind

magnificent [mægnífəsənt] a.고결한,웅장한,비길 데 없는,위 한 1. splendid in appearance; grand 2. grand or noble in thought or deed; exalted 3. outstanding of its kind; superlative

magnificent ↔ base

magniloquent [mægníłəkwənt] adj. (말, 문체 등이) 뽐내는, 과장된, 호언장담하는, 허풍떠는

* magniloquence n. 호언장담 magniloquent ↔ humble, understated, plain

maladroit [mæ lədrɔ it] a. 솜씨 없는 : INEPT : marked by a lack of adroitness; inept

maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse voluble 입심 좋은 marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) maladroit ↔ deft, dextrous, skillful, graceful maladroitness ↔ grace

malady [mǽledi] n. 질병, 병 malady ↔ healthy condition, haleness, benefit, advantage, wellness

malaise [mæléiz, mə-] n. 불편한 상태; 초조, 불쾌감 1. a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning

of an illness 2. a general sense of depression or unease

malaise ↔ cheerful feeling, health, well-being, power, strength, vigor, comfort, pleasure

malcontent [mæ lkəntént] a. 불만 있는/품은 : DISCONTENTED dissatisfied with existing conditions

dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain dilatory 꾸물거리는, 더딘 intended to delay procrastinate 미루다 to put off doing something, especially out of

habitual carelessness or laziness daredevil : ? :: malcontent : dissatisfaction daredevil 앞뒤를 헤아리지 않는, 저돌적인 recklessly bold

sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain

malicious [məlíʃəs] a. 악의적인 : having the nature of or resulting from malice; deliberately

harmful; spiteful malicious : ill-will :: exaggerating : hyperbole :: diligent : effort expansive ↔ malicious expansive 팽창성이 있는; 범위가 넓은; 너그러운, 범한

malfunction [mælfʌ ŋkʃ-ən] n. 기능 장애 : failure to function; faulty or abnormal functioning

fail-safe : malfunction :: fail-safe (고장에 비한) 안전장치의

malign [məláin] a. 악의있는 v. 욕설을 하다, 해를 끼치다 : to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about

malign : ill will :: diligent : effort extol, laud ↔ malign

malinger [məlíŋgəːr] v. 꾀병을 부리다

: to feign illness or other incapacity so as to avoid duty or work

malinger : ail :: flatter : appreciate (DEFECTIVE) ail 앓다, 병들다 to feel ill or have pain

parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimp 충 보다; 인색하게 굴다 shirk (일, 책임 등을) 회피하다 to avoid or neglect (a duty or

responsibility) hoard : miser :: malinger : shirker malinger : work :: shirk : duty malinger : duty :: camouflage, dissemble : detection :: recluse : humanity(BigBook13-4)

malleable [mǽliəb-əl] a. (금속 등을) 벼릴 수 있는; 유순한 1. capable of being shaped or formed, as by hammering or

pressure 2. easily controlled or influenced; tractable 3. able to adjust to changing circumstances; adaptable

friable : crumble :: malleable : alter friable 깨지기 쉬운 readily crumbled; brittle

knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable knead 반죽하다, 섞어서 이기다

malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion malleable : flexible :: (A=B) malleable ↔ hard to shape

malodorous [mælóudərəs] a. 악취가 나는 : having a bad odor; foul

malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound :: jarring : sound cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent

manacle [mǽnəkl] n. 수갑 : fetter : a shackle for the hand or wrist : HANDCUFF

management [mǽnidʒmənt] n. 경영 수완, 통제 management ↔ ineffectiveness, unfettered liberty manageable ↔ intractable, incorrigible

mandatory [mǽndətɔ ːri / -t-əri] a. 의무적인 : OBLIGATORY 1. required or commanded by authority; obligatory 2. of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate

mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain discretionary ↔ mandatory discretionary 자유재량의 left to or regulated by one's own discretion or

judgment

maneuver [mənú:vər] vi. (군 , 함 등을) 이동시키다; 책략으로 움직이다/조종하다, 교묘히 조종하다

1. to carry out a military or naval maneuver 2. to make a controlled series of changes in movement or

direction toward an objective 3. to shift ground; change tactics 4. to use stratagems in gaining an end

maneuverable [mənúːv-ərəb-əl] a.조종할 수 있는; 다루기 쉬운 maneuverable ↔ intractable

mangle [mǽŋg-əl] v. 난도질하다, 엉망으로 만들다 1. to mutilate or disfigure by battering, hacking, cutting, or

tearing 2. to ruin or spoil through ineptitude or ignorance

mutilate v.t. 절단하다, 불완전하게 하다 mangle ↔ praise extravagantly

mangy [méindʒi] a. 옴이 걸린; 초라한, 비열한 1. affected with, caused by, or resembling mange 2. having many worn spots; shabby 3. rundown and filthy; squalid 4. mean; contemptible

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mangy ↔ sleek, decorous sleek 매끈매끈한, 윤기 가는; 영양 상태가 좋은; 온화한

maniac [mǽnik, méi-] a. 광란의, 미친, 광적인 1. suggestive of or afflicted with insanity: a maniacal

frenzy 2. characterized by excessive enthusiasm or excitement: a

maniacal interest in gambling hidebound : conservative :: maniac : interested, excited (A >> B) hidebound 편협한, 몹시 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-

minded, or inflexible enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia (A << B) paranoia 망상증, 편집증

mania : enthusiasm :: doting : fondness

manifest [mǽnəfèst] n. 적하목록 a. 명백한, 분명한 1. a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle

(as a ship or plane) 2. an invoice of goods carried on a truck or train 3. a list of railroad cars according to owner and location

manifest : cargo :: inventory : merchandise 형용사일 때: clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious

manifest : perceive :: brittle : break :: transparent : understand audible : stentorian :: discernible : manifest (A << B) manifest ↔ latent, occult, inapparent, obscure, implicit, indiscernable

manipulate [mənípjəlèit] v. 잘 다루다, 속이다 1. to operate or control by skilled use of the hands; handle 2. to influence or manage shrewdly or deviously 3. to tamper with or falsify for personal gain

dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict prescience 예지, 통찰, 선견(foresight)

manipulative ↔ guileless

mannered [mǽnə:rd] 1. having manners of a specific kind 2. a. having or showing a certain manner b. artificial or

affected 3. of, relating to, or exhibiting mannerisms

mannered ↔ natural

mansion [mǽnʃ-ən] n. 고급주택, 저택 mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile

manumit [mæ njəmít] v. 해방하다 : to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate

emancipate; to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate * manumission n.

manumit ↔ enslave, detain detain 지체하게 하다; 구류하다 to keep from proceeding; delay or

retard manumission ↔ enslavement

manuscript [mǽnjəskrìpt] n. 손으로 쓴 책/문서/편지; 사본, 필사본; 원고

edit : manuscript :: archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon arsenal [á:rsənəl] 무기고, 군수 공장

mar [mɑːr] v. 망쳐놓다 1. to inflict damage, especially disfiguring damage, on 2. to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil

burnish : dull :: mar : flawless burnish 닦다, 갈다; 광을 내다

mar ↔ enhance

march [mａ:rt∫] 1. a. to walk steadily and rhythmically forward in step with

others

b. to begin to move in such a manner 2. a. to proceed directly and purposefully b. to progress steadily onward; advance 3. to be arranged in an orderly fashion that suggests steady,

rhythmical progression 4. to participate in an organized walk, as for a public cause

march ↔ boggle boggle 깜짝 놀라다, 멈칫하다; 얼렁뚱땅 하다

marginal [mɑ ːrdʒən-əl] a. 가장자리의; 여백의, 난외의; 불충분한 1. of, relating to, located at, or constituting a margin, a

border, or an edge 2. being adjacent geographically 3. written or printed in the margin of a book 4. barely within a lower standard or limit of quality

marginal ↔ pivotal

marsh [mａ:r∫] n. 습지, 늪 an area of soft, wet, low-lying land, characterized by grassy

vegetation and often forming a transition zone between water and land

marsh : sodden :: desert : arid sodden 흠뻑 젖은 thoroughly soaked; saturated arid 습기가 없는; 상상력이 없는, 무미건조한

marshy ↔ arid

marshal [mɑ ːrʃ-əl] v. 정리하다, n. 군 사령관 : to place in proper rank or position : a high official in the household of a medieval king, prince, or

noble originally having charge of the cavalry but later usually in command of the military forces

marshal ↔ jumble

marshy [mɑ ːrʃi] a. 습지의; 습한; 늪에 나는 marshy ↔ arid

marsupial [mɑːrsúːpiəl / -sjúː-] n. 유 동물 kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent rodent 설치 동물

martial [mɑ ːrʃ-əl] a. 호전적인, 용감한; 전쟁의 1. of, relating to, or suggestive of war 2. relating to or connected with the armed forces or the

profession of arms 3. characteristic of or befitting a warrior

martial : military :: runic : mysterious runic 룬 문자의; 신비적인 뜻을 지닌 rune 룬 문자; 신비적인 금언, 주문 martial ↔ peaceful, pacific

martinet [mɑ ːrt-ənét, - -- ] n. 규율에 엄격한 사람 1. a rigid military disciplinarian 2. one who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules

martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning (gourmet : food, hack : writing은 모두 오답) 15.PEDANT::LEARNING (0706 PBT) (A) illusionist: misdirection (B) dilettante: commitment (C) renegade: allegiance (D) martinet: discipline (E) hack: writing

stickler : exacting :: martinet : discipline martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication (hypocrite : ingenuity는 오답) leniency 관 함, 자비, 관용 lenient; inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or

indulgent indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐주는, 무른 = lenient

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martinet : rigorous :: dilettante :: superficial martinet : strict :: martinet ↔ indulgent person

marvel [mɑ ːrv-əl] n. 경이로움, 놀라운 것 v. 놀라다 1. one that evokes surprise, admiration, or wonder 2. strong surprise; astonishment * marvelous; of the highest or best kind or quality; first-

rate marvel : quotidian :: quotidian a. 매일의, 평범한, n. 매일 일어나는 일 marvel ↔ mean, indifference, calmness, triviality marvelous ↔ mean mean Ignoble; base: a mean motive, Low in quality or grade; inferior. Low in value or amount; paltry; Common or poor in appearance; shabby

pedestrian ↔ marvelous pedestrian 평범한, 시시한

masquerade [mæ skəréid] v. ∼인 체하다, 거짓 꾸미다; 가장 무도회에 참가하다 1. a costume party at which masks are won; a masked ball

b. a costume for such a party or ball 2. a. a disguise or false outward show; a pretense b. an

involved scheme; a charade charade [ʃəréid] 제스처 게임; (쉽게 드러나는) 속임수

dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling dissemble 속이다, 가장하다

massive [mǽsiv] a. 체격이 큰, 크고 무거운; 억센 1. consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy,

and solid 2. large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity,

or scale 3. large in comparison with the usual amount

massive ↔ slight

master [mǽstəːr,mɑ ːstəːr] n. 정통한 사람 master : experience :: luminary : eminence luminary 발광체; 권위자, 선각자 eminence 고귀, 탁월함 a position of great distinction or superiority

masterful [mǽstə:rfəl, má:s-] a. 주인티 내는, 제멋 로의; 가의, 훌륭한

1. given to playing the master; imperious or domineering 2. fit to command 3. revealing mastery or skill; expert

masterful ↔ inept inept 능력이 없는, 서투른; 어리석은

masticate [mǽstəkèit] v. 씹다, 곤죽으로 만들다 1. to chew (food) 2. to grind and knead (rubber, for example) into a pulp

lung : respire :: tooth : masticate (eye : envision, ear : resonate 관계는 모두 오답)

envision 상상하다, 마음에 그리다 to picture in the mind; imagine resonate 울려 퍼지다, 공명하다

matchless [mǽtʃlis] a. 상 가 없는 : PEERLESS : having no match or equal; unsurpassed

matchless ↔ equal

matriculate [mətríkjəlèit]/[mətríkjəlit] v. 입학하다 : to admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college

or university inauguration : official :: matriculation : student inauguration 취임(식); 개업식; 개시

inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE) inception 처음, 시초, 개시 the beginning of something, such as an

undertaking; a commencement

ommencement ↔ matriculation commencement 시작, 개시, 시초; 학위 수여식

matter-of-fact [mætərəvfǽkt] adj. 실제적인, 사실 로의, 멋없는, 평범한

matter-of-fact ↔ emotional, enthusiastic, fervid, gentle, polite matter-of-fact ↔ vague, inaccurate

mattress [mǽtris] n. 매트리스 tablecloth : table :: sheet : mattress

maturity [mətjú(:)ərəti] n. 성숙, 원숙 aimless : purpose :: childish : maturity (A에는 B가 없는)

maudlin [mɔ ːdlin] a. 눈물이 헤픈, 감상적인 : effusively or tearfully sentimental

maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious: deferential (A >> B) maudlin : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship maudlin ↔ unsentimental, jovial

maven [méivən] n. 박식한 사람 : a person who has special knowledge or experience; an

expert maven : experience :: luminary : eminence (HAVE) (augur : prediction 관계는 ‘DO’ 관계이므로 오답)

maverick [mǽv-ərik] n. 낙인 없는 송아지; 비주류, 독불 장군 : one that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists

adherence to a group; a dissenter dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissent 의견을 달리하다 to differ in opinion or feeling; to withhold

assent or approval maverick : conformity :: extrovert : reserve maverick ↔ follower, conformist, member

mawkish [mɔ ːkiʃ] a. 몹시 감상적인; 맛이 없는 excessively and objectionably sentimental; sickening or insipid in taste mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative :: foolhardy : adventurous :: gullible : trusting (A >> B) (peeved : annoyed 관계는 오답 (EQUAL)) stodgy 답답한, 재미없는; 케케묵은, 구식의 peeve; to cause to be annoyed or resentful

mawkish ↔ unsentimental, hard-boiled, austere, dry, unsentimental hard-boiled 무정한, 감상적이 아닌, 현실적인 callous, unfeeling

meadow [médou] n. 목초지/초원 : land in or predominantly in grass; especially : a tract of

moist low-lying usually level grassland meadow : grass :: forest : tree

meager [míːgəːr] a. 빈약한, 부족한 1. deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty 2. deficient in richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble 3. having little flesh; lean

amplitude ↔ meagerness liberal ↔ meager meager ↔ luxurious, luxuriant

mean [miːn] a. 하찮은, 초라한; 인색한 1. a. selfish in a petty way; unkind b. cruel, spiteful, or

malicious 2. ignoble; base 3. miserly; stingy 4. a. low in quality or grade; inferior ㄴb. low in value or

amount; paltry 5. common or poor in appearance; shabby 6. low in social status; of humble origins 7. humiliated or ashamed 8. in poor physical condition; sick or debilitated

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9. extremely unpleasant or disagreeable mean : largesse :: (OPPOSITE) mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance meek 온순한, 온화한; 패기 없는

noble, lavish ↔ mean

meander [miǽndəːr] v. 우회하다, 정처 없이 다니다 1. to follow a winding and turning course 2. to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction

waft : plummet :: meander : dash (OPPOSITE) waft 떠돌다, 가볍게 던지다

meander ↔ move purposively dash ↔ meander

measly [míːzli] a. 보잘것없는 : contemptibly small

measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly puny 왜소한, 연약한, 보잘것없는 of inferior size, strength, or

significance; weak measly ↔ grand, prodigious

measured [méʒəːrd] a. 정확히 조정된, 균형 잡힌; 정연한; 신중한, 숙고한 : DELIBERATE 1. determined by measurement 2. careful; restrained 3. calculated; deliberate 4. regular in rhythm and number 5. slow and stately 6. written in meter(운율) * measure * measurable = mensurable

measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature mensurable : measure :: ameliorable : improve measured ↔ reckless, inappropriate, irregular, extreme, unreasonable, erratic

measurable ↔ unfathomable

mechanical [məkǽnikəl] 1. of or relating to machines or tools 2. operated or produced by a mechanism or machine 3. of, relating to, or governed by mechanics 4. performed or performing in an impersonal or machinelike

manner; automatic 5. relating to, produced by, or dominated by physical forces

mechanical ↔ emotional

meddlesome [médlsəm] a. 참견하기 좋아하는 : inclined to meddle or interfere *meddle v.쓸데없이 참견하다, 간섭하다; 만지작거리다, 주무르

다 1. to intrude into other people's affairs or business;

interfere 2. to handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper

officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, 형, 동) officious 참견을 잘하는, 주제넘게 나서는

attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B) attentive : meddlesome :: laconic : curt curt 짧은, 간략한; 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운

meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue pry (비 을) 캐다; 엿보다 contentious 논쟁을 좋아하는/불러일으키는 quarrelsome;

controversial meddle ↔ leave alone, withdraw, ignore

media [míːdiə] n. 매개체 plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria plantation 재배지, 농장; 식민지

mediate [míːdièit] v. 중재하다 1. to resolve or settle (differences) by working with all the

conflicting parties 2. to bring about (a settlement, for example) by working with

all the conflicting parties 3. to effect or convey as an intermediate agent or mechanism

intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret :: augur : predict mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction prosecute 기소하다, 고소하다; 추진하다, 수행하다

mediocre [mìːdióukəːr] a. 평범한 : ORDINARY : of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance

virtuoso : mediocre :: imposter : unfeigned virtuosity ↔ mediocrity

meditate [médətèit] v. 심사숙고하다; 기도하다, 계획하다 1. to reflect on; contemplate 2. to plan in the mind; intend

medley [médli] n. 메들리 montage : images :: medley : songs

meek [mi:k] a. 온순한, 유화한; 기백 없는(spiritless) 1. showing patience and humility; gentle 2. easily imposed on; submissive

meek ↔ unyielding

meet [miːt] a. 적당한 : fitting; proper

meet ↔ unfit, unsuitable, inappropriate

melancholy [méłənk li|-kəli] n. 우울, 침울, 깊은 생각, adj. 우울한, 음침한

melancholy ↔ cheerful, agreeable, sunny

meld [meld] v. 병합하다, 합치다 : to cause to merge

meld ↔ divide, separate

meliorism [míːljərìzəm, -liə-] n. 개선주의 the belief that society has an innate tendency toward

improvement and that this tendency may be furthered through conscious human effort

meliorism : progress :: egalitarian : equity egalitarian 평등주의

mellifluous [məlífluəs] a. 감미로운 1. flowing with sweetness or honey 2. smooth and sweet

mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous : hear :: savory : taste mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste savory 맛있는, 입맛 당기는; 기분 좋은

mellifluous ↔ raspy, cacophonous, grating, harsh, strident raspy 삐걱거리는, 귀에 거슬리는; 성을 잘 내는 rough; grating

melodious [məlóudiəs] a. 듣기 좋은 1. of, relating to, or containing a pleasing succession of

sounds; tuneful 2. agreeable to hear

melodious : hear :: savory : taste melodious ↔ jarring, cacophonous jar n. 병, 단지 v. 삐걱거리다; 불쾌한 느낌을 주다, 신경을 거슬리다

melody [mélədi] n. 선율 : TUNEFULNESS 1. a pleasing succession or arrangement of sounds 2. musical quality

melody : song :: cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl genteel 태생이 좋은; 품위 있는, 우아한 churl 버릇없는 사람; 미천한 사람, (특히) 농부

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melodious ↔ jarring

melodrama [mélədr`ａ:mə] n. 멜로드라마, 통속극 melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK)

membrane [mémbrein] n. 세포막 pore : membrane :: door : wall :: eyelid : eye cell : membrane :: seed : hull

memoir [mémwɑːr, -wɔːr] n. 회상록, 자서전 : An account of the personal experiences of an author.

memoir ↔ narrative

menace [ménəs] n. 위협, 협박, 위험 인물 v. 위협/협박하다 1. to utter threats against 2. to constitute a threat to; endanger

odious : disgust :: menacing : fear :: blatant : arrest (A한 것은 B하게 한다)

odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear (A한 것은 B하게 한다) odious 혐오할, 몹시 싫은 arousing or meriting strong dislike,

aversion, or intense displeasure menace ↔ safeguard, yield, praise, help

mend [mend] v. 고치다, 보수하다 1. to make repairs or restoration to; fix 2. to reform or correct

mend ↔ rend, worsen, deteriorate, break rend 박살내다, 분쇄하다; 쥐어뜯다

mendacious [mendéi∫əs] a. 허위의; 거짓말을 잘하는 1. lying; untruthful 2. false; untrue

mendacious : probity :: archaic : currency ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth mendacious ↔ honest, veracious, truthful, upright, straightforward, candid, frank, authentic veracious 진실을 말하는, 정직한 1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise

mendacity [mendǽsəti ] n. 허위, 거짓 1. the condition of being mendacious; untruthfulness 2. a lie; a falsehood

mendacity ↔ honesty, truthfulness, candor, veracity veracity 정직, 성실; 진실성

mendicant [méndəkənt] adj. 구걸하는 n. 거지 mendicant : beg ::

menial [míːniəl, -njəl] adj. 하인의/비천한 : of or relating to servants : LOWLY : appropriate to a servant : HUMBLE, SERVILE : lacking interest or dignity *a menial task*

menial ↔ aristocratic, lofty

mentor [méntər, -tɔːr] n. 믿을 만한 조언자 a wise and trusted counselor or teacher

instruction : mentor :: opposition : adversary (B=상대방에 대해 A를 하는 사람)

mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy :: prevaricator : deceive oracle 신탁, 계시; 현인, 철인

mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive :: juggernaut : crush charlatan [ʃá:rlətən] 허풍선이, 사기꾼, 돌팔이 의사

mercenary [mə ːrsənèri] a. 돈독이 오른, 돈만 바라는; (외국 군에) 고용된 n. 돈만 바라고 일하는 사람

1. motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material gain

2. hired for service in a foreign army

mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge vindictive 복수심을 품은, 원한 깊은

mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer hack 통속적 예술가, 매문(賣文)가

mercurial [məːrkjúəriəl] a. 수은의, 수성의; 활발한, 명랑한; 변덕스러운, 경박한

mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection fickle 변덕스러운, 불안정한

profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태)

scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy (LACK) scurrilous 상스러운, 업신여기는

mercurial ↔ constant

merited [méritid] a. 마땅한, 당연한 : deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to

condign ↔ undeserved, unmerited condign 타당한 deserved; adequate

unsuitable, gratuitous ↔ merited gratuitous 거저 얻은, 부료의; 이유/원인 없는

mesh [meʃ] v. 그물로 잡다; 연관시키다; 협력하다 1. to catch in or as if in a net; ensnare 2. to cause to become engaged 3. to cause to work closely together; coordinate

disengage ↔ mesh

mesmerism [mézmərìzəm, més-] n. 거부하기 힘든 유혹 : HYPNOTISM

1. a strong or spellbinding appeal; fascination 2. hypnotic induction believed to involve animal magnetism 3. hypnotism

hypnotism [hípnətìzəm] 최면술, 최면 상태 zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (A >> B)

mesmerize [mézməraiz] v. 최면을 걸다; 매료시키다 1. to spellbind; enthrall 2. to hypnotize

exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B) exhaustive 철저한, 포괄적인; 소모/고살시키는

messy [mési] a. 난잡한, 지저분한 1. disorderly and dirty 2. exhibiting or demonstrating carelessness 3. unpleasantly difficult to settle or resolve

metamorphose [mètəmɔ ːrfouz, -fous] v. 변형되다 : to change into a wholly different form or appearance;

transform metamorphose ↔ remain unaltered, remain the same metamorphosis ↔ continuation without change

metaphor [métəfɔ ːr, -fər] n. 은유법; 상징 1. a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily

designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison

2. one thing conceived as representing another; a symbol * metaphoric(al) adj.

metaphor : literal :: melody : spoken (A = B + alpha) euphemism : offense :: ambiguity : comprehension (A는 B를 막는 것) (metaphor : description (A는 B의 한 종류) 관계는 오답) metaphoric, metaphorical ↔ literal

metaphysical [metəfízikəl] a. 형이상학적인 * metaphysics n. 형이상학

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insect : butterfly :: philosophy : metaphysics (A ∈ B) metaphysical ↔ concrete (plausible은 오답)

meteoric [mìːtiɔ (ː)rik, -ɑ r-] a. 유성의; 일시적인 1. of, relating to, or formed by a meteoroid 2. of or relating to the earth's atmosphere 3. similar to a meteor in speed, brilliance, or brevity

meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency :: evanescent : permanence (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE)

meteoric ↔ plodding, gradual, perpetual plod 터벅터벅 걷다; 꾸준히 공부하다

meteorology [mìːtiərɑ lədʒi / -rɔ l-] n. 기상학 demography : population :: meteorology : weather :: pathology : disease

methodical [məθɑ dikəl/miθɔ d-] a. 꼼꼼한, 질서 정연한, 조직적인 1. arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order 2. characterized by ordered and systematic habits or

behavior methodical ↔ slipshod, haphazard haphazard 계획성 없는, 되는 로의 dependent upon or

characterized by mere chance slipshod (복장, 언어 등이) 단정치 못한, 칠칠치 못한, 되는 로의

meticulous [mətíkjələs] a. 지나치게 세심한 1. extremely careful and precise 2. extremely or excessively concerned with details

firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous (A << B) obdurate 완고한, 고집이 센

interested : agog :: careful : meticulous (A << B) agog 흥분한, (...하고 싶어) 못 견디는

meticulous : careful :: bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A>>B)

meticulous : cursory :: artless : cunning (OPPOSITE) meticulousness : cursory :: meticulous : ineptness :: fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky glib 입심 좋은, 유창한; 그럴듯한

meticulous ↔ careless, negligent, cursory

metrical [métrikəl] a. 운율의, 운문의; 측량의 1. of, relating to, or composed in poetic meter 2. of or relating to measurement

scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical scan 훑어보다; 운율을 살피다 to analyze (verse) into metrical

patterns

mettle [métl] n. 용기, 열정; 기질, 성미 1. courage and fortitude; spirit 2. inherent quality of character and temperament

insight : discern :: mettle : endure (if someone has A, then B) mettlesome ↔ craven craven 겁쟁이 coward

miasma [miǽzmə] n. 독기, 악영향

microscopic [maikrəskápik|-kɔ p-] adj. 아주 작은, 미세한 1. a. too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large

enough to be studied under a microscope b. of, relating to, or concerned with a microscope 2. exceedingly small; minute 3. characterized by or done with extreme attention to detail

microscopic ↔ elephantine

miff [mif] n. 발끈하기; 하찮은 다툼 1. a petulant, bad-tempered mood; a huff 2. a petty quarrel or argument; a tiff

petulant 화를 잘 내는, 까다로운; 건방진 huff 분개, 골냄 a fit of anger or annoyance; a pique

tiff a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel miff : quarrel :: foible : flaw (A << B) miff ↔ appease, please

migratory [máigrətɔ ːri / -təri] a. 이주하는 1. characterized by migration; undergoing periodic migration 2. of or relating to a migration 3. roving; nomadic

nomadic 유목민의, 방랑( 생활)의 migratory ↔ rooted, sedentary

mill [mil] n. 정미소 refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain petroleum [pətróuliəm] 석유

milk [milk] v. 젖을 짜다; 단물을 빨아먹다, 착취하다 1. to press out, drain off, or remove by or as if by milking 2. (informal) a. to draw out or extract something from, as if by milking b. to obtain money or benefits from, in order to achieve

personal gain; exploit milk : extract :: exploit : utilize (A >> B) exploit (이익을 위해) 이용하다; 착취/착복하다; 개발/개척하다

mime [maim] v. 흉내 내다 1. to ridicule by imitation; mimic 2. to act out with gestures and body movement

parody : style :: mime : gesture charade : word :: mime : story charade (몸짓에 의해 단어를 알아맞히는) 제스처 게임

mimicry [mímikri] n. 흉내 내기, 모방;의태(보호색 등의 변장술) 1. a. the act, practice, or art of mimicking b. an instance of

mimicking 2. (biology) the resemblance of one organism to another or

to an object in its surroundings for concealment and protection from predators

mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation mutation 변화, 변형; 부침, 성쇠; 돌연변이

minaret [mìnərét] n. 회교사원의 뾰족탑 spire : church :: minaret : mosque spire 뾰족탑; 꼭 기; 절정 mosque 회교 사원

minatory [mínətɔ ːri / -təri] a. 위협적인 : of a menacing or threatening nature; minacious

minatory ↔ reassuring, non-threatening, welcoming reassure 기운 나게 하다, 안심시키다; 재보증하다

mince [mins] v. 잘게 썰다, 저미다; 뽐내며 잔걸음으로 걷다, 과장되게 말하다 1. to walk with very short steps or with exaggerated

primness 2. to speak in an affected way

sip : drink :: mince : walk quaff : sip :: stride : mince : punch : hit

mind [maind] v. 주의하다, 조심하다, 전념하다, 돌보다, 신경을 쓰다, 걱정하다, 싫어하다, 언짢게 여기다

1. to bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember 2. to become aware of; notice 3. to heed in order to obey 4. to attend to 5. to be careful about 6. a. to care about; be concerned about b. to object to; dislike 7. to take care or charge of; look after

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mind ↔ like mind : obedience ::

mindful a. 신경을 쓰는, 마음에 새겨두는, 주의하는(attentive) : attentive; heedful

mindful ↔ unaware, oblivious

mingle [míŋgəl] v. 뒤섞다, 합치다 : INTERMIX 1. to mix or bring together in combination, usually without

loss of individual characteristics 2. to mix so that the components become united; merge

mingle ↔ separate sequester ↔ permit to mingle sequester 고립시키다; 떼어놓다, 격리하다

minion [mínjən] n. 앞잡이, 오른팔; 총아 1. an obsequious follower or dependent; a sycophant 2. a subordinate official 3. one who is highly esteemed or favored; a darling

underling one of lesser rank or authority than another; a subordinate

minion : dependent :: groveler : petitioner (A = B하는 사람) grovel 기다, 엎드리다; 비굴하게 굴다, 자기를 낮추다

minion ↔ mastermind mastermind 기안자, 지도자

mint [mint] n. 화폐 주조소; 다량 1. a place where the coins of a country are manufactured

by authority of the government 2. a place or source of manufacture or invention 3. an abundant amount, especially of money

strike : medal :: mint : coin strike 1회분의 주조량 a quantity of coins or medals struck at the

same time mint ↔ modicum

minuscule [mínʌskjùːl] a. 아주 작은, 중요하지 않은; 소문자로 쓰인 1. very small; tiny 2. of, relating to, or written in miniscule

small : minuscule :: moist : saturated (A << B) minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish minnow (미끼로 쓰는) 작은 민물고기

minuscule ↔

minute [mainjúːt, mi-] n. 의사록 a. 미세한, 하찮은 1. exceptionally small; tiny 2. beneath notice; insignificant 3. characterized by careful scrutiny and close examination

minute : agenda :: log : itinerary (주요 기록 사항) minute ↔ gargantuan gargantuan [ga:rgǽntjuən] 거 한 of immense size, volume, or

capacity; gigantic

minutia, minutiae [minjúːʃiə, mai-] n. 사소한 점 : a small or trivial detail

minutia : details :: quibbles : objections minutia ↔ essential point, crucial aspect, highlight, major concern, lengthy account, lengthy document, main concern, vital feature, critical elements, major point, major aspect

miracle [mírəkəl] n. 기적 prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence prodigy 천재, 신동; 비상한 일, 경이

ordinary ↔ miraculous

mirage [mirɑ ːʒ] n. 신기루, 환각, 망상 1. an optical phenomenon that creates the illusion of water,

often with inverted reflections of distant objects, and results from distortion of light by alternate layers of hot

and cool air 2. something illusory or insubstantial

maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom 큰 소용돌이; 혼란, 격동 a violent or turbulent situation

mire [maiər] n. 늪, 수렁, 궁지 v. 진창에 빠지게 하다; 곤경에 빠뜨리다

1. a. to cause to sink or become stuck in or as if in mire b. to hinder entrap, or entangle as if in mire 2. to soil with mud or mire

mire ↔ extricate, free, release, disentangle, simplify extricate 구출하다, 해방하다 to release from an entanglement or

difficulty; disengage mire ↔ dry ground, answer, solution

mirth [məːrθ] n. 환희 : gladness or gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter

mirth : laughter :: approval : applause

misanthropy [misǽnθrəpi] n. 염세 : hatred or mistrust of humankind

misanthrope : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary humane 자비로운, 인도적인; 우아한 voluptuary 관능적 쾌락에 잠긴

misanthrope : people :: xenophobe : strangers xenophobe 외국(인)을 싫어하는 사람

beneficent : misanthropist :: ? : daredevil daredevil 앞뒤를 헤아리지 않는 (사람) recklessly bold

misbehave [mìsbihéiv] v.t. 못된 짓을 하다 : to behave badly

disapproval : castigation :: misbehavior : crime (A << B) castigate 징계하다, 응징하다; 혹평하다

lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality (A << B) lapse (일시적인) 쇠퇴, 전락; (사소한) 잘못, 실수

reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn reprobate 나쁜 놈, 불량배 a morally unprincipled person

mischievous [místʃivəs] a. 유해한; 짓궂은, 장난을 좋아하는 1. causing mischief 2. playful in a naughty or teasing way 3. troublesome; irritating 4. causing harm, injury, or damage

insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp imp 꼬마 도깨비; 장난꾸러기, 개구쟁이

tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) tightfisted 인색한 close-fisted; stingy brat 못된 꼬마 a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one

rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy rapscallion 악한, 깡패

misconstrue [miskənstrú:] v. 뜻을 잘못 해석하다, 오해/곡해하다 : to mistake the meaning of; misinterpret misconstruction n. 그릇된 해석, 오해

misconstruction : interpret :: delusion : belief (disguise : identity, misprint : revision은 오답)

misconstrue : interpret :: misjudge : assess

miscreant [mískriənt] n. a. 사악한, 타락한; 악한 : one who behaves criminally or viciously

miscreant : criminal :: temporizer : compromising miscreant : villainous :: recidivist : relapsing :: sybarite : self-indulgent :: equivocator : evasive

miscreant ↔ law-abiding individual, saint

misdemeanor [mìsdimíːnər] n. 나쁜 행실, 경범죄 1. a misdeed 2. (law) an offense less serious than a felony * misdemean v.t. 비행을 저지르다 n. 비행

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crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (A >> B) commitment 법안의 회부, 수감; 서약, 공약

misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error (A << B) misdemean ↔ behave

miser [máizər] n. 구두쇠 1. one who lives very meagerly in order to hoard money 2. a greedy or avaricious person

miser : munificent :: zealot : blase munificent 아낌없이 주는, 후한 blase [bla:zéi] 싫증난; 관심 없는

miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent insurgent 반란을 일으키는, 반란자

miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage 현명한 사람; 현인, 철인 one venerated for experience,

judgment, and wisdom miser : thrift :: chauvinist : patriotism (A >> B) thrift 검소, 절약

spendthrift ↔ miser spendthrift one who spends money recklessly or wastefully

miserly [máizərli] a. 인색한, 욕심 많은 : of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser; avaricious

frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스)

misfortune [misfɔ ːrtʃən] n. 불운 1. a. bad fortune or ill luck b. the condition resulting from

bad fortune or ill luck 2. a distressing occurrence

boon ↔ misfortune boon 혜택, 은혜, 이익

misgiving [misgíviŋ] n. 의혹, 걱정, 염려 : a feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension

misgiving ↔ certainty compunction ↔ absence of misgiving compunction 양심의 가책, 회한 a strong uneasiness caused by a

sense of guilt

mishap [míshæp, -- ] n. 불운 MISFORTUNE : bad luck; an unfortunate accident

예; With a little care you could have avoided this mishap catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B) mishap : accident :: peccadillo : offence, offense :: foible : fault (A<<B + 종류) (windfall : advantage는 오답)

oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic oxymoron 모순 어법 [an open secret 공공연한 비 ]

mishap ↔ fortune, good luck

mislead [mislíːd] v. 잘못된 길로 이끌다; 오해하게 하다 1. to lead in the wrong direction 2. to lead into error of thought or action, especially by

intentionally deceiving mislead ↔ disabuse disabuse 오해를 풀어주다, 바로잡아 주다 to free from a falsehood

or misconception

misnomer [misnóumər] n. 오칭, 잘못된 호칭 1. an error in naming a person or place 2. a. application of a wrong name b. a name wrongly or

unsuitably applied to a person or an object

misread [misríːd] v. 틀리게 읽다; 그릇 해석하다

(misinterpret) 1. to read inaccurately 2. to misinterpret or misunderstand

misread ↔ interpret correctly

misrepresent [mìsreprizént] v.t. 잘못 전하다 1. to give an incorrect or misleading representation of 2. to serve incorrectly or dishonestly as an official

representative of tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate tamper 간섭하다, 참견하다; 부당하게 가담하다

mite [mait] n. 소량, 아주 조금, 아주 작은 동물(벌레) 1. a. a very small contribution or amount of money b. a widow's mite 2. a very small object, creature, or particle 3. a coin of very small value

mite : creature :: speck : amount speck 작은 점, 미세한 것; a tiny amount

mitigate [mítəgèit] v. 경감시키다 : to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity;

alleviate * unmitigated adj. 누그러지지 않은, 경감되지 않은, 순전한

mitigate : severe :: qualify : general mitigate : intensity :: abbreviate : length mitigate ↔ exacerbate, aggravate exacerbate 악화시키다; 신경질 나게 하다 unmitigated ↔ attenuated

mnemonics [niːmɑ niks / -mɔ -] n. 기억술 : a system to develope or improve the memory

hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memory :: regimen : health hygienics 위생학; 건강법 regimen 섭생, 요양법; 지배, 통치, 관리

mnemonics : remember :: staff : walk

mobility [moubíləti] n. 운동성; 변덕 1. the quality or state of being mobile 2. the movement of people, as from one social group, class,

or level to another splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery (PREVENT) purchase a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or

prevent it from slipping splint : immobilize :: duct : convey (A is for B) splint : immobilize :: sling : support sling 삼각건; 멜빵

mockery [mɑ kəri, mɔ (ː)k-] n. 조롱 1. scornfully contemptuous ridicule; derision 2. a specific act of ridicule or derision 3. an object of scorn or ridicule 4. a false, derisive, or impudent imitation 5. something ludicrously futile or unsuitable

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery burlesque 풍자문, 희작(戱作)

patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery patronize 단골로 삼다, 애용하다; 후원/보호하다; 생색 내는 듯한 태

도를 취하다 mock : imitate :: taunt : challenge (빅북문제) mockery ↔ tribute

moderate [mɑ -d-ərèit / mɔ d-] a. 완화하다, 절제하는 1. being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme 2. not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm;

temperate 3. a. of medium or average quantity or extent b. of limited or

average quality; mediocre 4. opposed to radical or extreme views or measures,

especially in politics or religion * immoderate adj. 중용을 잃은, 절도가 없는, 과도한, 터무니없

는, 극단적인

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exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) exorbitant 터무니없는, 과도한 exceeding all bounds, as of custom

or fairness perfidious 배신하는, 속이는 treacherous perfidy 배신 deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust;

treachery moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness moderate ↔ severe immoderate ↔ temperate, modest, mild, sensible, reasonable, ordinary

modest [mádist|mɔ d-] adj. 겸손한, 삼가는; 수수한; 삼가는; 품위

있는, 얌전한 1. having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own

talents, abilities, and value 2. having or proceeding from a disinclination to call

attention to oneself; retiring or diffident 3. observing conventional proprieties in speech, behavior,

or dress 4. free from showiness or ostentation; unpretentious 5. moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; not

extreme scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prude 지나치게 얌전빼는 사람

modest ↔ brazen, cavalier, epic, flamboyant, haughty, imposing, immoderate

modesty ↔ ostentation, rant pontificate ↔ speak modestly immodest ↔ coy majestic ↔ modest, abject, pathetic

modicum [mɑ dikəm / mɔ d-] n. 소량 : a small, moderate, or token amount

inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity inkling 넌지시 비침, 암시; 희미한 지식

modicum ↔ mint, large amount, abundance mint 박하; 화폐 주조소; 다액, 다량 an abundant amount,

especially of money

mogul [móugʌl, --] n. 중요한 인물, 거물 : a very rich or powerful person; a magnate

magnate 실력자, 거물 a powerful or influential person, especially in business or industry mogul ↔ nonentity nonentity 보잘것없는 사람; 비실재물, 상상의 것

molar [móulər] n. 어금니 rib : bone :: molar : tooth

molding [móuldi] n. 주조, 성형; 돌림띠 장식 1. the act or process of molding 2. something that is molded 3. an embellishment in strip form, made of wood or other

structural material, that is used to decorate or finish a surface, such as the wall of a room or building or the surface of a door or piece of furniture

* mold n. 주형, 거푸집 v.t. 주조하다 mold : malleable :: hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel hem (옷의) 단, 가장자리 ruffle 잔물결, 파문; 주름 장식; 불안, 동요 rim (둥근 물건의) 가장자리, 테두리

mollify [mɑ ləfài / mɔ -] v. 완화하다 : APPEASE 1. to calm in temper or feeling; soothe 2. to lessen in intensity; temper 3. to reduce the rigidity of; soften

mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure indemnity 보호, 보장; 배상

mollify : anger :: heart : dejection (OPPOSITE) mollify ↔ rouse, vex, rankle, antagonize, ire, pique, nettle, discomfit, exacerbate, exasperate, bait, disaffect, rankle, chafe, enrage, incite to anger, provoke, madden, aggravate, intensify, make worse rankle 괴롭히다; 욱신거리다, 쑤시다 to cause persistent irritation or

resentment ire ~를 노하게 하다 pique 화나게 하다; 부추기다 to cause to feel resentment or

indignation; to provoke or arouse nettle 쐐기풀로 찌르다; 안달 나게 하다 to irritate; vex discomfit 완패/패주시키다; 의도를 꺾다, 방해하다; 당황하게 하다 disaffect 정떨어지게 하다, 호의를 잃게 하다, 불만을 품게 하다 rankle 마음에 사무치다; 마음을 괴롭히다

mollifying ↔ provoking, belligerent, caustic, harsh mollification ↔ inflammation

mollycoddle [mɑ likɑ dl / mɔ likɔ dl] v.t. 응석을 받아주다 : to be overprotective and indulgent toward

chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B) chide 꾸짖다, 잔소리하다 to scold mildly so as to correct or improve;

reprimand pillory 칼을 씌우다; 조롱거리로 만들다 to expose to ridicule and

abuse mollycoddle ↔ treat harshly

molt [moult] n. v. 털갈이(하다) : ECDYSIS : to shed periodically part or all of a coat or an outer covering,

such as feathers, cuticle, or skin, which is then replaced by a new growth

ecdysis [ékdisis] (뱀, 곤충 등의) 탈피 molt : feathers :: shed : hair molt : bird :: slough : snake slough [slʌf] (뱅 등이 허물을) 벗다; 벗어나다

fledging ↔ molt fledge (새끼가 날 때까지) 키우다; 깃털로 덥다

momentous [mouméntəs] a. 중 한 : IMPORTANT, CONSEQUENTIAL

: of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence

* moment n. 중요, 긴요, 중 사 atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (A >> B) atrocious [ətróuʃəs] 극악무도한; 지독한

moment ↔ triviality, unimportance

momentum [mouméntəm] n. 힘, 기세, 여세; 타력, 타성; (철학) 계기, 요소 1. (physics) a measure of the motion of a body equal to the

product of its mass and velocity 2. a. impetus of a physical object in motion b. impetus of a

nonphysical process, such as an idea or a course of events 3. (philosophy) an essential or constituent element; a

moment oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식) momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the

product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.

mongrel [mʌ ŋgrəl, mɑ ŋ-] n. 잡종; 혼혈아 : an individual resulting from the interbreeding of diverse

breeds or strains; especially : one of unknown ancestry

mongrel ↔ purebred

monochromatic [mɑ nəkroumǽtik / mɔ n-] a. 단색의 iridescent ↔ monochromatic iridescent 무지개 빛깔의

chromatic ↔ colorless chromatic 색채의; 채색한

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monocle [mɑ nəkəl / mɔ n-] n. 단안경 : an eyeglass for one eye

monocle : eye ::

monologue [mánəlɔ (:)g|mɔ n-] n. 장광설; 화의 독점; 독백 1. a. a dramatic soliloquy b. a literary composition in the form of a soliloquy 2. a continuous series of jokes or comic stories delivered by

one comedian 3. a long speech made by one person, often monopolizing a

conversation opera : aria :: play : monologue

monopolize [mənɑ pəlàiz / -nɔ p-] v.t. 독점권을 얻다 1. to acquire or maintain a monopoly of 2. to dominate by excluding others

monopolize ↔ share

monotone [mɑ nətòun / mɔ n-] a. 단조로운 : MONOTONIC 1. characterized by or uttered in a monotone 2. of or having a single color

vociferous ↔ reticent, monotone vociferous 큰 소리로 떠드는, 떠들썩한 making, given to, or marked

by noisy and vehement outcry

monotonous [mənɔ tənəs] a.단조로운, 변화가 거의 없는; 지겨운 1. sounded or spoken in an unvarying tone 2. tediously repetitious or lacking in variety

stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous monotonous ↔ piebald, multifarious, vociferous piebald 얼룩무늬의 spotted or patched, especially in black and white multifarious 많은 요소를 가진; 다양한, 다채로운 having great

variety; diverse vociferous 큰 소리로 외치는, 떠들썩한 making, given to, or marked

by noisy and vehement outcry

montage [mɑntɑ ːʒ / mɔn] n. 몽타주 1. a. a single pictorial composition made by juxtaposing or

superimposing many pictures or designs b. the art or process of making such a composition 2. a. a rapid succession of different images or shots in a

movie b. the use of such successive images as a cinematic

technique 3. a composite of closely juxtaposed elements

montage : images :: medley : songs zigzag : turns :: montage : images

mop [mɑp / mɔp] v. 침울해 하다/얼굴을 찡그리다

morale [mərǽl|m rá:l] n. 사기, 풍기 : the state of the spirits of a person or group as exhibited

by confidence, cheerfulness, discipline, and willingness to perform assigned tasks

dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten

morass [mərǽs] n. 습지; 곤경, 난국 1. an area of low-lying, soggy ground 2. something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms

haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating haunt 자주 들르다; 끊임없이 떠오르다

moratorium [mɔ (ː)rətɔ ːriəm, mɑ r-] n. 지불 유예, 활동 금지 1. (law) a. an authorization to a debtor, such as a bank or

nation, permitting temporary suspension of payments b. an authorized period of delay in the performance of an

obligation 2. a suspension of an ongoing or planned activity

moratorium : activity :: reprieve : punishment reprieve n. v. 형 집행 연기(하다), 걱정의 일시적 모면, 일시적으

로 (위험에서) 구하다 fast : consumption : repose : labor : moratorium : activity fast : eat :: moratorium : act moratorium : activity :: respite : labor :: repose : work :: tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : speed respite 일시적 중단, 잠깐의 휴식; (사형) 집행 연기

morbid [mɔ ːrbid] a. 병에 걸린; 음울한, 기괴한 1. a. of, relating to, or caused by disease; pathological or

diseased b. psychologically unhealthy or unwholesome 2. characterized by preoccupation with unwholesome

thoughts or feelings 3. gruesome; grisly

morbid ↔ wholesome, hale, salubrious hale 강건한, 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity or illness; sound

mordant [mɔ ːrd-ənt] a. 신랄한, 통렬한, 색을 갖게 하는 : INCISIVE, TRENCHANT n.v.부식재(로 처리하다)

1. a. bitingly sarcastic b. incise and trenchant 2. bitingly painful 3. serving to fix colors in dyeing

incisive 예리한, 날카로운; 신랄한 penetrating, clear, and sharp, as in operation or expression mordant ↔ genial, amicable, flattering genial 친절한, 다정한, 온난한

moribund [mɔ (ː)rəbʌ nd, mɑ r-] a. 죽어 가는, 빈사 상태의, 절멸 직전의 1. approaching death; about to die 2. on the verge of becoming obsolete

moribund ↔ beginning, nascent, increasingly vital, current, hale, verdant nascent 초기의, 발생의 coming into existence; emerging

morose [məróus] a. 시무룩한, 언짢은 : sullenly melancholy; gloomy

morose ↔ cheerful, sanguine, jovial, jocund, rejoicing, lighthearted, rejoiced sanguine 자신감 넘치는, 쾌활한 cheerfully confident; optimistic jovial 쾌활한, 명랑한, 즐거운 marked by hearty conviviality and good

cheer jocund 유쾌한, 명랑한 sprightly and lighthearted in disposition,

character, or quality

mortar [mɔ ːrtəːr] n. 절구통 hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar mortar : grind :: canvas : paint :: vat : dye vat 큰 통/탱크; 물감 탱크

mortify [mɔ :rtəfai] v. 굴욕감을 주다, 분하게 하다; 고행으로 억누르다, 극복하다

1. to cause to experience shame, humiliation, or wounded pride; humiliate

2. to discipline (one's body and physical appetites) by self-denial or self-inflicted privation

embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (A << B)

mosaic [mouzéiik] n. 모자이크 (세공) mosaic : ceramic :: patchwork : cloth (B는 A의 재료) (Real 19-5 10번) piece : jigsaw puzzle :: tile : mosaic :: pixel : image jigsaw puzzle 조각 그림 맞추기 장난감

mosque [mɑsk / mɔsk] n. 이슬람 사원 spire : church :: minaret : mosque spire 뾰족탑 minaret (회교 사원의) 뾰족탑

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mosquito [məskíːtou] n. 모기 mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter (B prevent A)

moth-eaten [mɔ (ː)θìːtn] a.(옷이) 좀먹은; 낡은,시 에 뒤떨어

진 a ∼ theory 구식 이론 1. eaten away by moth larvae 2. old and timeworn; stale 3. shabby; decrepit

larva [lá:rvə] (pl. -vae [-vi:]) 애벌레, 유충 moth-eaten ↔ fresh and new, vigorous

motile [móutil / -tail] a. 운동성의; 운동성이 있는 : moving or having the power to move spontaneously

motility ↔ stasis stasis 균형 상태; 정지 a condition of balance among various forces;

motionlessness

motivate [móutəvèit] v. 동기를 주다 : to provide with an incentive; move to action; impel

exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit exhortation 권고, 설교, 충고 exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice,

or appeal invective 독설, 비난, 악담

fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

motley [mɑ tli / mɔ t-] a. 잡동사니의; 잡색의 1. having elements of great variety or incongruity;

heterogeneous 2. having many colors; variegated; parti-colored

motley ↔ colorless, unique, unvaried, homogeneous, harmonious, uniforn, identical

mottle [mɑ tl / mɔ tl] v.t. 얼룩덜룩하게 하다 : to mark with spots or blotches of different shades or

colors striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot mottle ↔ blanch blanch 표백하다, 희게 만들다; (병, 공포 등으로) 창백하게 하다

mottled ↔ homogeneous, solid solid acting together; unanimous

mournful [mɔ ːrnfəl] a. 슬픔에 잠긴; 음산한, 쓸쓸한 : GLOOMY

1. feeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sorrowful 2. causing or suggesting sadness or melancholy

jovial ↔ mournful revelry ↔ mournfulness revelry 야단법석; 흥청 는 술잔치 boisterous merrymaking

movement [múːvmənt] n. 악장 stanza : poem :: movement : symphony

muddy [mʌ di] a. 진흙의, 질퍽거리는; 분명치 않은, 흐릿한 1. full of or covered with mud 2. a. not bright or pure b. not clear; cloudy, as with

sediment 3. lacking luster; dull 4. confused or vague

muddy ↔ clear

muffle [mʌ f-əl] v.t. (소리가 안 나게) 싸다 1. to wrap up, as in a blanket or shawl, for warmth,

protection, or secrecy 2. a. to wrap of pad in order to deaden the sound b. to deaden (a sound) 3. to make vague or obscure 4. to repress; stifle

muffle : sound :: assuage : grief muffled ↔ plangent, resonant plangent 려오는, 구슬프게 울리는

mulish [mjúːliʃ] a. 노새의; 고집 센, 다루기 힘든 : stubborn and intractable; recalcitrant

mulish : persuade :: phlegmatic : move :: callous : move (A이면 B하기 힘든)

despicable : value :: mulish : flexibility despicable 천한, 야비한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile

mulish ↔ pliant, flexible

mull [mʌl] v. 심사숙고하다 : PONDER : to go over extensively in the mind; ponder

multifarious [mʌ ltəfɛ -əriəs] a. 많은 부분을 가진;다양한,다방면에 걸친 having great variety; diverse

multifarious ↔ monotonous, lacking diversity

mumble [mʌ mb-əl] v. 우물우물 말하다 1. to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially

closing the mouth 2. to chew slowly or ineffectively without or as if without

teeth enunciate ↔ mumble enunciate (분명하게) 발음하다; 공표하다, 명확히 말하다

mundane [mʌ ndein, -- ] a. 지상의, 현세의; 평범한 : COMMONPLACE

1. of, relating to, or typical of this world; secular 2. relating to, characteristic of, or concerned with

commonplaces; ordinary secular 세속의, 현세의

mundane : originality :: lassitude : stir mundane ↔ exotic, extraordinary, unusual, spiritual, unearthly mundane ↔ inspired, fabulous, uncommon, remarkable inspired 영감(계시)을 받은 of such surpassing brilliance or excellence as to suggest divine inspiration: an inspired musician; an inspired performance

municipality [mjuːnìsəpǽləti] n. (시, 읍 등의) 자치체; 지방 자치제 1. a political unit, such as a city or town, incorporated for

local self-government 2. a body of officials appointed to manage the affairs of a

local political unit

munificent [mjuːnífəs-ənt] a. 후한, 아낌없이 주는 1. very liberal in giving; generous 2. showing great generosity

miser : munificent :: zealot : blase blase 물린, 싫증난

munificent ↔ parsimonious munificence ↔ stinginess munificent ↔ mean, ungenerous, niggardly

mural [mjú-ərəl] n. 벽화 a very large image, such as a painting or an enlarged

photograph, applied directly to a wall or ceiling petrograph, petroglyph : rock :: mural : wall

murky [mə ːrki] a. 어두운, 깜깜한, 흐린;애매한, 이해하기 어려운 1. dark, dim, or gloomy 2. a. heavy and thick with smoke, mist, or fog; hazy b. darkened or clouded with sediment 3. lacking clarity or distinctness; cloudy or obscure

murky ↔ clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid pellucid 투명한, 맑은; 명료한, 명석한 transparently clear in style or

meaning

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murmur [mə ːrməːr] v. 중얼거리다; 불평하다, 투덜거리다 1. to make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or

succession of sounds 2. to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble

croon : sing :: murmur : speak croon 낮은 목소리로 노래하다

glimmer : dazzle :: murmur : resound (A << B) glimmer 깜박깜박 하다, 희미하게 비치다

mushroom [mʌ ʃru(ː)m] n. a. 버섯(의) vi. 급속히 번지다; 버섯 모양이 되다

1. to multiply, grow, or expand rapidly 2. to swell or spread out into a shape similar to a

mushroom mushroom : fungus :: (A는 B(진균류)의 일종) ::

mutation [mjuːtéiʃ-ən] n. 변화, 변형; 부침, 성쇠; 돌연변이 1. the act or process of being altered or changed 2. an alteration or change, as in nature, form, or quality

mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation mutate ↔ remain the same

mutable [mjú:təbl] adj. 변하기 쉬운, 마음이 잘 변하는, 변덕스러운 * mutability n.

mutability ↔ constancy, stability

mute [mjuːt] v.t. 소리를 죽이다; 부드럽게 하다 adj. 무언의, 침묵하는

1. to soften or muffle the sound of 2. to soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of

muted : color :: muffled : sound mute : sound :: dim : light mute ↔ amplify, clarion

mutinous [mjúːt-ənəs] adj. 폭동의 1. disposed to or being in a state of mutiny : REBELLIOUS 2. TURBULENT, UNRULY

mutinous ↔ obedient

mutter [mʌ tə:r] v. 웅얼거리다, 중얼거리다 1. to speak indistinctly in low tones 2. to complain or grumble morosely

mutter : indistinct :: drone : monotonous mutter ↔ speak distinctly

myopia [maióupiə] n. 통찰력 결여, 근시안 : lack of discernment or long-range perspective in thinking

or planning * myopic a.

myopic ↔ discerning, farseeing, shrewd, farsighted, prescient shrewd 빈틈없는, 약삭빠른; 현명한

myopia ↔ prescience prescience [prí:ʃiəns] 통찰, 선견 knowledge of actions or events

before they occur; foresight

myriad [míriəd] a. 무수한 1. constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable 2. composed of numerous diverse elements or facets

countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration

myriad : number :: everlasting : duration myriad ↔ few, scarce, scanty

mysterious [mistíəriəs] 1. of, relating to, or being a mystery 2. simultaneously arousing wonder and inquisitivenss, and

eluding explanation or comprehension mysterious ↔ scrutable

N nadir [néidər, -diər] n. 천저; 밑바닥, 절망 상태

: the lowest point nadir ↔ summit, acme, topmost point, peak, apogee, zenith, pinnacle, apex acme 절정, 정점 the highest point, as of perfection

nag [næg] v. 귀찮게 잔소리하다; 끊임없이 고통을 주다 1. to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging 2. to torment persistently, as with anxiety or pain

torment 괴롭히다, 고통을 주다, 애먹이다

naive [nɑːíːv] a.순진한, 순박한;생각이 얕은, 잘 속아 넘어가

는 : CREDULOUS 1. a. lacking worldliness and sophistication; artless b. simple and credulous as a child; ingenuous 2. lacking critical ability or analytical insight; not subtle or

learned 3. a. not previously subjected to experiments b. not having

previously taken or received a particular drug * naivete n. 순진, 천진 난만, 순박함

guileful : naive :: tardy : prompt naïve ↔ worldly, disingenuous, calculating, experienced, sophisticated, cultivated worldly 지상의, 속된, 속물의

naivete ↔ deception, guileness, artfulness, disingenuity

narcissism [nɑ ːrsisìzəm] n. 자기도취증 : excessive love or admiration of oneself

narcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B)

narrative [nǽrətiv] n. 이야기, 담화 1. a narrated account; a story 2. the art, technique, or process of narrating

abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B를 줄인 것)

narrow [nǽrou] 1. of small or limited width, especially in comparison with

length 2. limited in area or scope; cramped 3. lacking flexibility; rigid 4. barely sufficient; close 5. painstakingly thorough or attentive; meticulous

narrow ↔ catholic, ebullient

nascent [nǽsənt, néi-] a. 생기려고 하는, 신생의, 초기의 : coming into existence; emerging

nascent ↔ moribund, fully established, mature, developed moribund 빈사 상태의, 소멸하고 있는; 정체된, 진전이 없는

natty [nǽti] a. 말쑥한 : SMART : neat, trim, and smart; dapper

dapper 깔끔한, 단정한 natty ↔ slovenly, sloppy, frowzy slovenly 추접스러운, 단정치 못한; 겉날리는, 날림의 sloppy 질척질척한, 흠뻑 젖은; 더럽혀진 frowzy 지저분한, 불결한; 곰팡이 냄새가 나는

nauseate [nɔ ːzièit, -ʒi-, -si-, -ʃi-] v. 구역질나게 하다; 혐오감을 주다

1. to feel or cause to feel nausea 2. to feel or cause to feel loathing or disgust * nausea n. 메스꺼움, 욕지기 1. a feeling of sickness in the stomach characterized by an

urge to vomit 2. strong aversion; disgust

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vertigo : nauseate :: treat : cure (A << B) vertigo 현기증; 혼란한 상태

naysay [néisei] v. 거부/반 /부정하다 : to say no to; deny or oppose * naysayer [néiseiər] n. 거부자 1. one who is assertively negative in attitude 2. one who critically disagrees

naysay ↔ concur

nebulous [nébjələs] a. 흐린; 막연한, 불분명한; 성운의 : INDISTINCT, VAGUE

1. cloudy, misty, or hazy 2. lacking definite form or limits; vague 3. of, relating or, or characteristic of a nebula

nebulous ↔ distinct, unambiguous, clear, limpid, pellucid limpid 맑은, 투명한; 명쾌한, 명석한

needy [níːdi] a. 가난한, 궁핍한 : POVERTY-STRICKEN : being in need; impoverished

affluent ↔ needy

nefarious [nifɛ əriəs] a. 사악한, 무도한 : EVIL : infamous by way of being extremely wicked

nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nefarious ↔ above reproach, virtuous, exemplary, beneficial, beyond reproach virtuous 정숙한, 고결한 exemplary 본보기의, 전형적인; 훌륭한 worthy of imitation;

commendable

negate [nigéit] v. 무효로 하다, 취소하다; 부정/부인하다 1. to make ineffective or invalid; nullify 2. to rule out; deny * negative [négətiv] n. 부정의

negation ↔ affirmation

negligent [néglidʒnt] a. 태만한, 부주의한 1. characterized by or inclined to neglect, especially

habitually 2. characterized by careless ease or informality; casual

negligence ↔ care

negotiate [nigóuʃièit] vi. 협상하다 : to confer with another or others in order to come to terms

or reach an agreement clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations clog 막다, 방해하다 stalemate 막다름, 교착상태

negotiator : agreement :: mediator : compromise tenacious ↔ negotiable tenacious 집착하는, 고집 센

nemesis [némisis] n. 이길 수 없는 적, 감당할 수 없는 상 , 천벌 nemesis ↔ benefactor

neologism [ni:ɑ lədμzəm|-ɔ l-] n. 신조어 1. a new work, expression, or usage 2. the creation or use of new words or senses

neologism ↔ archaism, well-established expression

neophyte [níːəfàit] n. 개종자; 초심자, 신출내기: PROSELYTE 1. a recent convert to a belief; a proselyte 2. a beginner or novice

proselyte [prásəlàit] 개종자, 변절자 a new convert to a doctrine or religion inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel wastrel [wéistrəl] 낭비가; 부랑아, 건달

neophyte : experience :: boor : sensitivity

nepotism [népətìzəm] n. 친척 등용, 족벌주의 : favoritism shown or patronage granted to relatives, as in

business nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend cronyism favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their

qualifications, as in political appointments to office nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud embezzle 횡령/착복하다 to take (money, for example) for one's own

use in violation of a trust nepotism : relative :: jingoism : nationality jingoism 호전적 애국주의 chauvinism 맹목적 애국주의; (특정 주의, 집단에 한) 열광적 충성

nepotism : kinship :: jingoism : nationality nepotism : kinship :: egalitarianism : equality

nerve [nəːrv] v.t. 용기를 북돋우다 : to give strength or courage to * nervy adj. 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운

appall ↔ embolden, nerve appall to fill with consternation or dismay

nervy ↔ diffident, self-effacing nervy 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운, 용기 있는 diffident 자신 없는, 기가 죽은, 삼가는, 조심성 있는

nestle [nés-əl] v. 아늑하게 자리 잡다 1. to settle snugly and comfortably 2. to lie in a sheltered position 3. to draw or press close, as in affection; snuggle

snuggle 바싹 당기다, 끌어안다, 껴안다 nestle ↔ flinch, recoil, shrink flinch 주춤하다, 물러서다 recoil 반동하다; 물러나다, 후퇴하다 shrink 줄다; 감소하다; 피하다, 꽁무니 빼다 to avoid or neglect (a

duty or responsibility)

nether [néðəːr] adj. 지하의/아래의 : situated down or below : LOWER : situated or believed to be situated beneath the earth's

surface nether ↔ aloft, upper/uprose

nettle [nétl] v. 쐐기풀로 찌르다; 화나게 하다, 초조하게 하다 1. to string with or as if with a nettle 2. to irritate; vex

imputable : nettle :: imputable (책임을) 지울 수 있는 possible to impute or ascribe;

attributable impute 돌리다, 지우다, 전가하다

nettle ↔ conciliate, gratify, mollify

neutralize [njúːtrəlàiz] v. 중립화하다; 상쇄하다 1. to make neutral 2. to counterbalance or counteract the effect of; render

ineffective neutralize : effectiveness :: (A remove B)

nexus [néksəs] n. 연결, 결합; 핵심 1. a means of connection; a link or tie 2. a connected series or group 3. the core or center

nexus ↔ disconnected components, hiatus nexus ↔ trivial point

nibble [níb-əl] v. 조금씩 뜯어 먹다 1. to bite at gently and repeatedly 2. to eat with small, quick bites or in small morsels 3. to wear away or diminish bit by bit

nibble : eat :: sip : drink :: glean : acquire (whine : talk, grin : smile은

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오답) quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble gobble 게걸스레 먹다, 먹어 치우다

swill : sip :: gobble : nibble swill 벌컥벌컥 마시다 to drink greedily or grossly

nibble ↔ gobble, guzzle

nicety [náis-əti] n. 정확성; 미세한 차이 1. the quality of showing or requiring careful, precise

treatment 2. delicacy of character or feeling; fastidiousness;

scrupulousness 3. a fine point, small detail, or subtle distinction 4. an elegant or refined feature; an amenity

nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy nicety : distinction :: intimation : communication (A << B) intimation 암시, 넌지시 알림; 공고

nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody spoof (악의 없는) 놀림

nice ↔ imprecise, inexact nicety ↔ impreciseness

niggard [nígəːrd] adj. 인색한 niggard ↔ generous

nil [nil] n. 무(無) nothing; zero nil : quantity :: vacuum : matter

nimble [nímbl] a. 날렵한, 민첩한; 눈치 빠른, 재치 있는 1. quick, light, or agile in movement or action; deft 2. quick, clever, and acute in devising or understanding

nimble : clumsiness :: nimble ↔ clumsy, awkward, inept, maladroit, sluggish, lethargic, fumbling, bumbling

nip [nip] v. 조금씩 마시다 : to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts

nip : drink :: jot : write jot 간결하게 적다, 메모하다 to write down briefly or hastily

nitpick [nítpìk] v. 하찮은 걸 갖고 흠잡다 : to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant

details; QUIBBLE, CARP, CAVIL nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (사소한 걸로 흠잡다 : 흠잡다 :: 사소한 걸로 흠잡다 : 흠잡다) cavil 트집 잡다; 덮어놓고 이의를 제기하다 to find fault

unnecessarily; raise trivial objections nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil quibble 모호한 말을 하다; 흠/트집을 잡다

nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon

nocturnal [nɑktə ːrnl / nɔk-] a. 밤의; 야행성의 1. of, relating to, or occurring in the night 2. (botany) having flowers that open during the night 3. (zoology) most active at night

diurnal, happening during daytime ↔ nocturnal diurnal 하루 종일의; 낮 동안의, 주간의

noisome [nɔ isɔm] a. 역겨운, 해로운 1. offensive to the point of arousing disgust; foul 2. harmful or dangerous

noisome : repugnance :: (A는 B하게 되는 원인이 됨) noisome ↔ beneficial, pleasant, healthy, appealing, attractively fragrant, savory

nomad [nóumæd] n. 방랑자 WANDERER 1. a member of a group of people who have no fixed home

and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land

2. a person with no fixed residence who roams about; a

wanderer nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer domicile [dáməsàil] 거주지, 주거

nomadic ↔ settled

nominal [nɑ mənl / nɔ m-] a. 명목상의, 명목뿐인, 하찮은 : TRIFLING, INSIGNIFICANT

1. a. of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or names

b. assigned to or bearing a person's name 2. existing in name only 3. insignificantly small; trifling

nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nominal : figurehead :: absolute : autocrat figurehead 명목상의 우두머리 autocrat 전제 군주, 독재자

nonchalant [nɑ nʃ-əlɑ ːnt, nɑ nʃ-ələnt/nɔ n-] a. 무관심한, 태연한, 태평한, 무심한

: seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent * nonchalance n. 무관심, 태연함

anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite :: unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary

nonchalance ↔ perturbation perturbation 혼돈, 당황, 불안 nonchalant ↔ affected, perturbed, anxious, concerned, attentive

noncommittal [nɑ nkəmítl / nɔ n-] a. 이도 저도 아닌, 어정쩡한 : AMBIGUOUS refusing commitment to a particular opinion or course of

action; not revealing what one feels or thinks noncommittal ↔ confirmative, decisive, reckless, outgoing

nondescript [nɑ ndiskrípt / nɔ ndiskrípt] a. 뭐라 말할 수 없는, 특징 없는 : DULL, DRAB n. 특징 없는 사람

lacking distinctive qualities; having no individual character or form

nondescript : note :: rare : collect nondescript ↔ conspicuous, striking, remarkable, outstanding

nonentity [nɑnéntəti / nɔn-] n. 보잘것없는 사람/것; 비실재물 1. a person regarded as being of no importance or

significance 2. nonexistence 3. something that does not exist or that exists only in the

imagination dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A lack B) dilettante 호사가, 아마추어 평론가, 예술 애호가

nonentity ↔ mogul, luminary, something mogul [móugʌl] 중요 인물, 거물

nonflammable [nɑnflǽməb-əl / nɔn-] a. 타지 않는, 불연성의 : not flammable, especially not readily ignited and not rapidly

burned impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible impervious 불침투성의, 영향을 받지 않는 incapable of being

penetrated or affected

nonplus [nɑnplʌ s, - - / nɔn- , --] v. 당혹하게 하다 : QUANDARY : to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder n.

당황, 당혹, 난처한 지경 quandary 궁지, 난처한 입장, 진퇴양난 a state of uncertainty or

perplexity ☞ If you are in a quandary, you have to make a decision but cannot

decide what to do. nonplus : perplexity :: infuriate : rage

nonsense [nɑ nsens / nɔ ns-əns, -sens] n. 아무 뜻도 없는 것 nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast drivel 침을 질질 흘리다; 바보 같은 소리를 늘어놓다

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nostrum [nɑ strəm / nɔ s-] n. 민간요법, 특효약 1. a medicine whose effectiveness is unproved and whose

ingredients are usually secret; a quack remedy 2. a favorite but untested remedy for problems or evils

notch [nɑtʃ / nɔtʃ] n. V자형 눈금; 단계, 정도 1. a. a V-shaped cut b. such a cut used for keeping a record 2. a narrow pass between mountains 3. (informal) a level or degree

serrated ↔ without notches, smooth serrate 톱니 모양의; (가장자리가) 들쭉날쭉한

notoriety [noutəráiəti] n. 평판, 악평, 악명 notoriety ↔ anonymity, low profile, obscurity

nourish [nə :ri∫|nʌ r-] v.t. ~에 영양분을 주다 1. to provide with food or other substances necessary for

life and growth; feed 2. to foster the development of; promote 3. to keep alive; maintain

nourish : food :: finance : money finance; ~에 자금을 공급하다

novel [nɑ vəl|nɔ v-] n. 소설 ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: dance : step novelist : book :: cartographer : map (conductor : symphony는 오답)

novelty [nɑ v-əlti /nɔ v-] n. 참신함, 신기함;희한한 일, 색다른 경험 1. the quality of being novel; newness 2. something new and unusual; an innovation 3. a small mass-produced article, such as a toy or trinket(자

질구레한 장신구) threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness (OPPOSITE) timeworn, banal ↔ novel

noxious [nɑ kʃəs / nɔ k-] a. 유해한 1. harmful to living things; injurious to health 2. harmful to the mind or morals; corrupting

noxious, injurious ↔ beneficial, salubrious, harmless, innocuous, sanitary, wholesome salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-

being

nuance [njúːɑːns, -- ] n. 미묘한 차이, 음영, 뉘앙스 1. a subtle or slight degree of difference, as in meaning,

feeling, or tone; a gradation 2. expression or appreciation of subtle shades of meaning,

feeling, or tone nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion (A << B) nuance ↔ patent difference, obvious difference, lack of subtleness, sharp distinction, literal meaning

nuanced ↔ patent

nucleate [njúːklièit] v. 중심으로 모으다 : CLUSTER 1. to bring together into a nucleus 2. to act as a nucleus for 3. to provide a nucleus for

nucleate ↔ disseminate, scatter

nudge [nʌdʒ] v. (팔꿈치로) 가볍게 다, 살짝 찌르다 : to push against gently, especially in order to gain

attention or give a signal doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod prod 격려, 자극

nudge : push :: (A << B) butt : head :: nudge : elbow

nugatory [njúːgətɔ ːri / -t-əri] a. 하찮은; 쓸데없는 1. of little or no importance; trifling

2. having no force; invalid nugatory : worth :: capricious : deliberation (A에는 B가 없음, 형:명) nugatory : worth :: banal : originality nugatory ↔ consequential

nuisance [njú:səns] n. 불유쾌한 것(사람), 불법 방해, 귀찮은 것 nuisance ↔ help, pleasure, comfort

numb [nʌm] a. 저린, 마비된, 감각을 잃은 1. deprived of the power to feel or move normally; benumbed 2. emotionally unresponsive; indifferent

benumbed : feel :: immobilized : move numb ↔ sensate sensate [sénseit] 지각할 수 있는

nurture [nə ːrtʃəːr] v.t. 양육하다; 가르치다, 교육하다 1. to nourish; feed 2. to educate; train 3. to help grow or develop; cultivate

nurture : child :: cultivate : crop nurturing : growth :: nurture ↔ withhold sustenance from, disregard, stunt, impede, fail to support sustenance 생계, 생활; 음식, 자양분 stunt 방해하다, 가로막다 to check the growth or development of

O oafish [óufiʃ] a. 바보 같은

oaf [ouf] 바보, 멍청이: BOOB a person regarded as stupid or clumsy

oasis [ouéisis] n. 오아시스 glade : wood :: oasis : desert glade 숲 속의 빈터

oath [ouθ] n. 서약, 맹세; 단언, 확신; 남용, 모독적인 표현 1. a. a solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a

pledge, often calling on God or a sacred object as witness b. the words or formula of such a declaration or promise c. something declared or promised 2. an irreverent or blasphemous use of the name of God or

something held sacred 3. an imprecation; a curse

oath : promise :: contract : agreement

obdurate [ábd:jurit] a. 좀처럼 회개하지 않는, 완고한 1. a. hardened in wrongdoing or wickedness; stubbornly

impenitent b. hardened against feeling; hardhearted 2. not giving in to persuasion; intractable

firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous meticulous 지나치게 신경 쓰는, 지나치게 소심한

energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: frugal : penurious (A << B, B에 안좋은 뉘앙스) frenetic 열광적인 wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied

penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent 뉘우치는, 회개한 feeling or expressing remorse for one's

misdeeds or sins obdurate : budge :: lachrymose : cheer (OPPOSITE) budge 조금 움직이다, (의견을) 바꾸다

obdurate : move :: irrepressible : quell (OPPOSITE) obdurate, intransigent ↔ amenable, complaisant, flexible, pliable, easily swayed, tractable, pliant, toward, yielding, swayable, compliant

toward; favoring success or a good outcome; propitious.

obedient [oubíːdiənt] a. 순종하는 : dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or

instructions of one in authority

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* obedience n. 복종, 순종 obedience : deference :: deference 복종, 경의, 존경 imperial, contumacious ↔ obedient contumacious 반항적인, 오만한 obstinately disobedient or

rebellious; insubordinate obedience ↔ archness, resistance, defiance, nonconformity obedient ↔ willful

obeisance [oubéisəns, -bíː-] n. 인사, 경례; 경의, 복종 : DEFERENCE, HOMAGE

1. a gesture or movement of the body, such as a curtsy, that expresses deference or homage

2. an attitude of deference or homage obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (SIGN) obeisant ↔ impertinent, impudent, imperious impertinent 주제넘은, 뻔뻔스러운; 무례한, 건방진; 적절하지 않은 impudent 주제넘은, 건방진 characterized by offensive boldness;

insolent or impertinent imperious 오만한, 고압적인; 긴급한, 긴박한

obey [o:ubéi] v. 따르다, 응하다; ...에 따라 작용하다; (원리, 법칙 등에) 따르다 1. to carry out or fulfill the command, order, or instruction

of 2. to carry out or comply with (a command, for example)

obey : deference :: obey ↔ break, command, disregard, order, transgress, violate

obfuscate [ɑbfʌ skèit, ɑ bfəskèit / ɔ bfəskèit] v. 어리둥절하게 하다; 알기 어렵게 하다 : DARKEN

1. to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand

2. to render indistinct or dim; darken equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity (A = B를 숨김) (metaphor : description 관계는 오답)

coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate headstrong : willfulness :: obfuscating : confusing (EQUAL) willful 계획적인, 고의의; 고집 센

obfuscate : confusion :: dedicate : devotion rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible plausible 그럴듯한; 말주변이 좋은

cowardice : intimidate :: perplexity : obfuscate obfuscate ↔ elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly, clarify, demystify obfuscated, obfuscatory ↔ explicit, lucid delineate ↔ obfuscate, muddle, cloud, confuse

obituary [oubítʃuèri] n. 사망광고 : a notice of a person's death usually with a short

biographical account roster : staff :: obituary : death roster 근무 당번표; 명단

obligate [ábləgeit|ɔ b-] v.t. ~에게 의무를 지우다 adj. 의무를 진, 강제된

* obligation n. 의무, 구속, 책임, 의리, 은혜 * obligatory [əblígətɔ ːri, ɑ blig- / əblígətəri, ɔ blig-] a.

의무적인, 필수의 : MANDATORY, REQUIRED 1. morally or legally constraining; binding 2. imposing or recording an obligation 3. of the nature of an obligation; compulsory

obligation ↔ betrayal, treason, disobedience discretionary, selective, elective ↔ obligatory discretionary 임의의, 자유재량의

oblige [əblɑ idʒ] v. 의무를 지우다, 강제하다; (남에게) 감사하고 있다; 은혜를 베풀다 1. to constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means 2. to make indebted or grateful

3. to do a service or favor for elected : obliged ::

obliging [əbláidʒiŋ] a. 친절한 : ACCOMMODATING : ready to do favors for others; accommodating

accommodate 친절하게 하다, 돌보다; 빌려주다, 제공하다 visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) visionary 공상적인, 몽상적인, 비실제적인; 가공의, 상상의 officious 참견을 잘하는; 주제넘게 나서는

discommode ↔ oblige discommode 불편하게/난처하게 하다 to put to inconvenience; trouble

oblique [əblíːk, ou-] a. 간접적인, 기울어진 : INDIRECT, OBSCURE oblique ↔ direct, straightforward, linear, truthful, open, honest, aboveboard

obliterate [əblítərèit] v. 흔적을 없애다; 삭제하다 1. to do away with completely so as to leave no trace 2. to wipe out, rub off, or erase (writing or other markings)

obliterate : remove :: distract : confuse :: inspire : infuse infuse (신념, 사상 등을) 불어넣다

inter : burial :: obliterate : removal inter; to place in a grave or tomb; bury

obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (A >> B) ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate ineffable 말로 표현할 수 없는 incapable of being expressed;

indescribable or unutterable unexpurgated ↔ obliterated expurgate (책, 영화 등에서 일부분을 삭제하여) 수정하다; 검열하다 obliterate ↔ create, preserve, validate, restore, establish

oblivious [əblíviəs] a. 잘 잊는, 부주의한; 염두에 두지 않는 1. lacking all memory; forgetful 2. lacking conscious awareness; unmindful * oblivion n. (세상 등에서) 잊혀져 있는 상태

erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect oblivious : attentive :: (OPPOSITE) forget : oblivion :: forgo : disuse forgo 삼가다, 그만두다 to abstain from; relinquish disuse 폐기, 폐지 the state of not being used or of being no longer in

use oblivious ↔ aware, vigilant, mindful, cognizant cognizant 인식한, 깨달은 full informed; conscious

fame ↔ oblivion, obscurity (unpopular는 오답)

obloquy [ɑ bləkwi / ɔ b-] n. 오명; 악평, 비난 1. abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny 2. the condition of disgrace suffered as a result of abuse or

vilification; ill repute adulation, veneration ↔ obloquy

obnoxious [ɑbnák∫əs|əbnɔ k∫-] a. 아주 싫은, 욕지기나는; 역겨운, 아니꼬운

1. very objectionable; odious 2. exposed to harm, injury, or evil

disarming ↔ obnoxious

obscene [əbsíːn] adj. 외설적인 1. disgusting to the senses : REPULSIVE 2. a. abhorrent to morality or virtue; specifically :

designed to incite to lust or depravity b. containing or being language regarded as taboo in polite

usage *obscene lyrics* c. repulsive by reason of crass disregard of moral or ethical

principles *an obscene misuse of power* d. so excessive as to be offensive *obscene wealth*

*obscene waste* obscenity ↔ decency

obscure [əbskjúər] a. 희미한, 애매한; 눈에 띄지 않는, 무명의 :

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MYSTERIOUS v. ~을 덮어 감추다, ~을 애매하게 하다 obscure : clarify :: legendary, explicit, manifest ↔ obscure obscure ↔ clarify, elucidate, define, distinct, unequivocal obscure ↔ famous, obvious elucidate; to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify

obscurity ↔ celebrity, certitude, clarity, limelight limelight 세상의 이목을 끄는 것 A focus of public attention celebrity 유명인사, 명사; 명성

obsequious [əbsíːkwiəs] a. 아첨하는, 알랑거리는 : full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning

condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL, 형:동) condescending 생색을 내는 듯한 displaying a patronizingly superior

attitude libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self absorbed dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in

sensual pleasures or vices frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (A << B) sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent obsequious : attentiveness :: parsimonious : frugality (A >> B) obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다)

querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery querulous 불만이 많은; 화를 잘 내는

obsequious ↔ supercilious, imperious, assured supercilious 거만한, 건방진 feeling or showing haughty disdain

observable [əbzә:rvəbl] adj. 관찰할 수 있는, 주목할 만한, 축하할 만한

observable ↔ indiscernable

observant a. 잘 지켜보고 있는, 조심성 있는, 빈틈없는

observatory [əbzə ːrvətɔ ːri / -təri] n. 천문 observatory : astronomy ::

obsess [əbsés] v.t. 괴롭힐 정도로 사로잡히다 : to preoccupy the mind of excessively

agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (A >> B) agonize 몹시 괴롭히다; 필사적으로 노력하다

firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed (A << B) intransigent 타협하지 않는

obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous :: intimate : close (A >> B) focus : obsession :: (A << B)

obsolete [ɑ bsəlíːt, --- / ɔ bsəlìːt] a. 한물간, 퇴행의 1. no longer in use 2. outmoded in design, style, or construction * obsolescence n.

obsolete ↔ under consideration obsolescence ↔ currency

obstacle [ɑ bstəkəl / ɔ b-] n. 장애물 : one that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up

progress blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede :: explanation : enlighten blandish 듣기 좋은 말로 구슬리다, 알랑거리다 cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,

teasing, or flattery; wheedle wheedle 그럴듯한 말로 속이다, 구슬리다

obstinate [ɑ bstənit / ɔ b-] a. 완고한, 고집 센, (병이) 난치의 1. stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an opinion, or a

course of action; obdurate 2. difficult to manage, control, or subdue; refractory 3. difficult to alleviate or cure

obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade flappable 동요하기 쉬운 easily excited or upset

firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless :: thin : emaciated (A << B) tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate obstinacy ↔ tractability

obstreperous [əbstrépərəs] a. 다루기 힘든; 떠들썩한 : UNRULY 1. noisily and stubbornly defiant 2. aggressively boisterous

obstreperous : control :: resolute : dissuade (A는 B하기 힘든 상태) obstreperous ↔ disciplined guileless : cunning :: obstreperous : restraint

obstruct [əbstrʌ kt] v. 진행을 방해하다 : IMPEDE 1. to block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an obstacle 2. to impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder 3. to get in the way of so as to hide from sight

obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth stunt to check the growth or development of

obstruct ↔ facilitate, abet occluded ↔ unobstructed occlude 닫다, 막다, 차단하다 to cause to become closed; to prevent

the passage of obstructed ↔ unoccluded obstructionist ↔ one who facilitates

obtrusive [əbtrúːsiv] adj. 강요하는 obtrusive : ignore :: elusive : capture :: ambiguous : understand

obtuse [əbtjúːs] a. 둔감한, 이해가 느린; 뭉툭한, 둔각의 : INSENSITIVE

1. lacking quickness of perception or intellect 2. not sharp, pointed, or acute in form; blunt

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse rectitude 공정, 정직; 똑바름 moral uprightness; righteousness transgress (한도 등을) 벗어나다; (법 등을) 위반하다

restive : calm :: keen : obtuse restive 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는

parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) parsimonious 몹시 인색한 excessively sparing or frugal

impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness obtuse : perspicuity :: obtuse ↔ acute, keen, insightful, perspicacious, precise perspicacious 통찰력 있는, 명민한, 투철한

obtuseness ↔ acumen

obviate [ɑ bvièit / ɔ b-] v.t. 불필요하게 하다, 예방하다 : to anticipate and dispose of effectively; render unnecessary 예; obviate the necessity of doing it.

obviate : unnecessary :: whet : sharp (A하면 B가 증진된다) emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A하면 B하게 된다/B하니까 A할 만하다) emulate 우열을 다투다, 필적하다

obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller obviate ↔ make necessary, necessitate

occlude [əklúːd / ɔk-] v.t. 막다, 차단하다 : OBSTRUCT 1. to cause to become closed; obstruct 2. to prevent the passage of

occluded ↔ unobstructed obstructed ↔ unoccluded

occult [əkʌ lt, ɑ kʌlt / ɔkʌ lt] a. 불가사의한, 초자연적인; 비 의 : ABSTRUSE, MYSTERIOUS

1. of, relating to, or dealing with supernatural influence, agencies, or phenomena

2. beyond the realm of human comprehension; inscrutable 3. available only to the initiate; secret 4. hidden from view; concealed

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occult ↔ bare, patent, readily fathomable, manifest, apparent, clear, obvious bare 나체의; 공공연한, 드러낸

occurrence [əkə ːrəns, əkʌ r-] n. 사건 1. the act or an instance of occurring 2. something that takes place

prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence prodigy 천재, 신동; 비상한 일/것, 경이

ode [oud] n. 송시 ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof (악의 없는) 놀림, 조롱 a gentle satirical imitation; a light

parody

odious [óudiəs] a. 혐오할 만한, 몹시 불쾌한 : arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense

displeasure blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A한 것은 B하게 한다) blatant 몹시 떠들썩한; 뻔뻔스러운

odious : disgust :: menacing : fear odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear odious : loathe :: reputable : respect (A는 B하는 원인이 된다) reputable 평판이 좋은, 존경할 만한 odious : pejorative :: odiousness ↔ esteem

odium [óudiəm] n. 증오, 비난, 오명 1. the state or quality of being odious 2. strong dislike, contempt, or aversion 3. a state of disgrace resulting from hateful or detestable

conduct odium ↔ esteem, hankering, infatuation, homage, respect, reverence hankering 동경, 갈망 hanker; to have a strong, often restless desire infatuation 심취, 반함 또는 그 상

off-key [ɔ (:)fki:] a. 음정이 틀린; 상태가 이상한, 어울리지 않는; 불규칙한

1. (music) pitched higher or lower than the correct notes of a melody

2. being out of accord with what is considered normal or appropriate

off-key ↔ dulcet, at the proper pitch

offbeat [ɔ ːfbíːt] a. 색다른 : ECCENTRIC : not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern;

unconventional offbeat ↔ conventional, hackneyed, bathetic bathetic 점강법(bathos)의; 진부한

offend [əfénd] v. 기분을 상하게 하다 1. to cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded

feelings in 2. to be displeasing or disagreeable to 3. a. to transgress; violate b. to cause to sin

deferential : offend :: scornful : respect equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity obfuscate 혼란시키다, 애매하게 하다

euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure invulnerable 손상되지 않는, 무적의; 확고한

euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse diffuse 산만한; 말이 많은

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch 조그만 결함, 사소한 고장 a minor malfunction, mishap, or

technical problem intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish 간지럼을 잘 타는; 까다로운, 신경질적인, 화를 잘 내는

politic : offend :: aloof : associate politic 신중한, 분별 있는; 빈틈없는; 교활한 [‘정치상의’이라는 뜻

으로는 거의 쓰이지 않음] peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: knoll : hill :: creek : river :: hillock : mountain

offhand [ɔ (ː)fhǽnd, ɑ f-] ad. 즉석에서 : without preparation or forethought; extemporaneously

offhand ↔ premeditated

officious [əfíʃəs] a. 참견하기 좋아하는, 주제넘게 나서는 : MEDDLESOME

1. marked by excessive eagerness in offering unwanted services or advice to others

2. informal; unofficial attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B + excess) (absorbed : engrossed (EQUAL) 관계는 오답) engross (마음을) 빼앗다, 몰두시키다 to occupy exclusively; absorb

officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, 형 : 동) meddle 쓸데없이 참견하다; 가지고 장난치다

visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) obliging 기꺼이 돌보는, 친절한 ready to do favors for others;

accommodating officious : attentive :: parsimony : frugal (A >> B) officious ↔ pertinent, unobtrusive

offish [ɔ (ː)fiʃ, ɑ f-] a. 쌀쌀맞은 : STANDOFFISH : inclined to be distant and reserved; aloof

standoffish 쌀쌀한, 냉담한; 불친절한 aloof or reserved offish, standoffish : aloof :: offish ↔ sociable

olfaction [ɑlfǽk∫ən| l-] n. 후각 (작용) 1. the sense of smell 2. the act or process of smelling

olfaction : odor :: gustation : flavor gustation 맛봄; 미각

ominous [ɑ mənəs / ɔ m-] a. 불길한, 암운이 드리우는 1. menacing; threatening 2. of or being an omen, especially an evil one

auspicious ↔ ominous auspicious 길조의, 상서로운

omnipotent [ɑmnípətənt / ɔm-] a. 전능의 : having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force; all-

powerful omnipotent ↔ powerless

omnipresent [ɑ mnəprézənt / ɔ m-] a. 어디에나 존재하는 : present everywhere simultaneously

omniscient [ɑmníʃənt / ɔm-] a. 전지의, 박식한 : having total knowledge; knowing everything

vacuous ↔ omniscient vacuous 빈, 공허한; 멍청한, 어리석은; 목적 없는, 무의미한

onerous [ɑ nərəs, óu- / ɔ n-] a. 부담이 되는, 힘겨운 1. troublesome or oppressive; burdensome 2. (law) entailing obligations that exceed advantages

onerous ↔ requiring little effort, effortless, easy, unexacting

onset [ɑ nsèt, ɔ (ː)n-] n. 시작 : BEGINNING, COMMENCEMENT

onset ↔ termination termination 종료, 종결, 만료 onset ↔ desisting, end desisting 그만 둠

opacity [oupǽsəti] n. 불투명, 애매함

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1. the quality or state of being opaque 2. something opaque 3. a. obscurity; impenetrability b. dullness of mind

opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid opacity ↔ transparency, clarity

opaque [oupéik] a. 불투명한, 불명료한 : hard to understand or explain 1. a. impenetrable by light; neither transparent nor

translucent b. not reflecting light; having no luster 2. impenetrable by a form of radiant energy other than

visible light 3. a. so obscure as to be unintelligible b. obtuse of mind; dense

airproof : air :: opaque : light :: soundproof : noise (A이기 때문에 B가 통과하지 못함)

slack : tension :: opaque : translucence opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid :: nonporous : liquid opaque ↔ diaphanous, transparent diaphanous [daiǽfənəs] 아주 얇은, 내비치는, 투명에 가까운

opaque ↔ clarify

opine [oupáin] v.t. 의견을 말하다 : to hold or state as an opinion

augur : predict :: pundit : opine :: recidivist : relapse augur 점쟁이, 예언가

opportune [ɑ pərtjúːn / ɔ pər-] a. 시기가 좋은, 형편이 좋은 1. suited or right for a particular purpose 2. occurring at a fitting or advantageous time

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL, 형 : 명)

opportune ↔ inconvenient, untimely, inappropriate

oppose [əpóuz] v.t. 반 하다 1. to be in contention or conflict with 2. to be resistant to 3. to place opposite in contrast or counterbalance 4. to place so as to be opposite something else

oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (A << B) thwart 방해하다, 훼방 놓다

oppression [əpréʃən] n. 억압, 압박; 고뇌, 곤란 1. a. the act of oppressing; arbitrary and cruel exercise of

power b. the state of being oppressed 2. something that oppresses 3. a feeling of being heavily weighted down in mind or body oppress [əprés] v. 무겁게 억누르다, 압박하다, 억압하다 1. to keep down by severe and unjust use of force or

authority 2. to weigh heavily on

oppression : disagreement :: (A >> B)

opprobrious [əpróubriəs] a. 파렴치한, 상스러운 : SCURRILOUS

1. expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive 2. bringing disgrace; shameful or infamous

opprobrious : blameless :: opprobrious ↔ irreproachable opprobrium ↔ good repute

optimal [ɑ ptəməl / ɔ pt-] a. 가장 바람직한, 더할 나위없는 : most desirable or satisfactory; optimum optimization [ɑ ptəməzéiʃən] n. 최적화

optimization : improve :: invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve invincible; incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable

opulent [ɑ pjələnt / ɔ p-] a. 풍부한, 부유한 1. possessing or exhibiting great wealth; affluent 2. characterized by rich abundance; luxuriant

opulent ↔ spartan

oracle [ɔ (ː)rəkəl, ɑ r-] n. 신탁, 계시; 선지자, 철인 mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy mentor a wise and trusted counselor or teacher

oration [ɔːréiʃən] n. 연설 1. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial

occasion 2. a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner

oration : hear :: novel : read orator : address :: preacher : sermon

orchestra [ɔ ːrkəstrə] n. 오케스트라 orchestra : musician, violinist s:: pack : wolf pack 꾸러미, 다발; (사람, 동물의) 떼, 무리, 패거리

pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe troupe [tru:p] (배우 등의) 일행, 일단(一團)

ordinary [ɔ ːrdənèri / ɔ ːdənəri] a. 평범한 1. commonly encountered; usual 2. a. of no exceptional ability, degree, or quality; average b. of inferior quality; second-rate 3. having immediate rather than delegated jurisdiction, as a

judge ordinary ↔ miraculous, inimitable miraculous 기적의, 놀랄 만한 = preternatural, phenomenal inimitable 비길 데 없는 defying imitation; matchless

ore [ :r] n. 광석, 원광 : a mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable

constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or extracted

mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone

orient [ó:riənt] v. 적응시키다; (방향을) 맞추다; 동향으로 하다 orient ↔ confuse

original [ərídʒənəl] a. 독창적인 1. preceding all others in time; first 2. a. not derived from something else; fresh and unusual b.

showing a marked departure from previous practice; new 3. productive of new things or new ideas; inventive 4. being the source from which a copy, reproduction, or

translation is made babble : sense :: parrot :: originality babble 중얼중얼 말하다, 분명치 않은 소리를 내다 parrot 앵무새처럼 따라하다; 뜻도 모르고 흉내 내다

hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality (OPPOSITE) hodgepodge 뒤범벅 a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble

banal, commonplace, trite ↔ original pastiche ↔ original work pastiche [pæstí:ʃ] 모방 작품; 잡동사니(hodgepodge)

ornery [ɔ ːrnəri] a. 고집센, 완고한(stubborn); 천한, 저속한(low, vile); 평범한(common)

mean-spirited, disagreeable, and contrary in disposition; cantankerous

cantankerous 성미 급한, 곧잘 싸우는(quarrelsome); 고약한, 심술궂

은; 다루기 어려운 ornery ↔ benign, expansive expansive (성격, 태도, 말이) 개방적인, 너그러운, 대범한, 마음을 터 놓는 disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing

ornithology [ɔ ːrnəθɑ lədʒi / -θɔ l-] n. 조류학

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ornithology : eaglet, eagle :: astronomy : planet

orthodox [ɔ :rθəd ks|-dɔ ks] a. 정설의, 정통파의; 그리스 정교회

의; (관습상) 옳다고 인정된, 전통적인 1. adhering to the accepted or traditional and established

faith, especially in religion 2. adhering to the Christian faith as expressed in the early

Christian ecumenical creeds 3. Orthodox a. of or relating to any of the churches or rites of the

Eastern Orthodox Church b. of or relating to Orthodox Judaism 4. adhering to what is commonly accepted, customary, or

traditional orthodox : doctrine ::

orthodoxy [ɔ ːrθədɑ ksi / -dɔ ksi] n. 정설, 정통성 religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissenter 반 자; 비국교도(Nonconformist)

oscillate [ɑ səlèit / ɔ s-] v.t. 진동하다; 주저하다, 흔들리다 oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식)

momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.

oscillation ↔ imperturbation, absence of variation oscillate ↔ remain static, remain in still

ossify [ɑ səfài / ɔ s-] v. 전통적 틀에 얽매이다, 보수적이다 1. to change into bone; become bony 2. to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern

depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility ligneous : wood :: osseous : bone ligneous [lígniəs] 나무 같은, 목질의 osseous [ásiəs] 뼈로 이루어진, 골성(骨性)의

ossify ↔ transcend conventions, make pliant ossified ↔ amenable to change

ostensible [ɑsténsəbəl / ɔs-] a. 표면상의, 겉보기의/ 명백한, 명료한(apparent)

: represented or appearing as such; ostensive ostensible ↔ substantial, genuine, inward, real, actual, authentic ostensible ↔ inapparent, hidden, questionable, doubtful, uncertain, equivocal

ostentatious [ɑ stentéiʃəs / ɔ s-] a. 저속하게 야한, 허세 부리는 = pretentious

: ostentation pretentious display meant to impress others; boastful showiness

ostentatious : adornment :: ostentatious : pretentious :: ostentation ↔ modesty, artlessness, austerity ostentatious ↔ meek, modest, unassuming, unobtrusive, unpretentious, quiet, humble unassuming 젠체하지 않는(unpresuming), 삼가는(modest)

ostracize [ɑ strəsaiz] v. 도편추방을 하다; 국외로 추방/배척하다 1. to exclude from a group 2. to banish by ostracism, as in ancient Greece * ostracism [ɑ strəsìzəm / ɔ s-] n. 추방, 배척

pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine pariah [pəráiə] 따돌림을 받는 사람; 천민, 부랑자

ostracize ↔ take in, welcome, include, embrace, invite to join, accept ostracism ↔ acceptance to a group

oust [aust] v. 축출하다; 퇴거시키다 1. to eject from a position or place; force out 2. to take the place of, especially by force; supplant

oust ↔ instate instate 임명하다, 취임시키다(install) to establish in office; install

outgoing [áutgòuiŋ] a. 외향성의, 사교적인 : EXTROVERTED 1. a. going out or away; departing b. retiring from or relinquishing a place, a position, or an

office c. addressed for sending 2. sociable and responsive to others; friendly 3. intended to be taken out, as from a restaurant

extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist : exacting

outlandish [autlǽndiʃ] a. 이국풍의; 색다른, 기이한; 벽지의 1. conspicuously unconventional; bizarre 2. strikingly unfamiliar 3. located far from civilized areas

outlandish ↔ conventional

outlaw [ɑ utl :] n. 상습적 범죄자 v.t. 불법화하다, 금지하다 outlaw : illegal ::

outmaneuver [àutmənúːvər] v. 술책으로 이기다 1. to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever maneuvering 2. to excel in maneuverability

outmaneuver ↔ yield

outmoded [àutmóudid] a. 유행에 뒤진 1. not in fashion; unfashionable 2. no longer usable or practical; obsolete

outmoded ↔ original, current, usable, acceptable, in style, futuristic

outset [ɑ utset] n. 착수, 시작 1. the beginning; the start 2. an initial stage, as of an activity

outset ↔ termination

outshine [àut∫ɑ in] v. 보다 밝게 빛나다, 능가하다(excel) 1. a. to shine brighter than b. to be more beautiful, splendid, or flamboyant than 2. to surpass in obvious excellence; outdo

outstanding [áutstǽndiŋ] adj. 두드러진, 튀어나온, 돌출한, 미결정의 outstanding ↔ mediocre, unexceptional, least, worst, minor, ordinary

outwit [àutwít] v. ~을 계략으로 앞서다 : OUTSMART : to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart

taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B하기 위한 수단) taunt 비웃다, 악담을 퍼붓다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or

contemptuous manner provoke 분개시키다 to incite to anger or resentment

overbearing [òuvərbɛəriŋ] a. 뽐내는, 고압적인 1. domineering in manner; arrogant 2. overwhelming in power or significance; predominant

unassuming, meek ↔ overbearing unassuming 참견하지 않은; 겸손한, 삼가는 meek 참을성 있는, 온순한; 굴종적인

overdose [óuvərdòus] n. 과잉 복용 : an excessive dose, especially of a narcotic(마약)

overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention indiscretion 무분별, 경솔, 부주의; 부주의한 행동

dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment dose : medicine :: current : river

overexposure [òuvərekspóuʒər] n. 노출 과다 1. to expand or disperse beyond a safe or reasonable limit 2. to obligate (oneself) beyond a limit, especially a financial

one

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overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune

overhaul [òuvərhɔ ːl] v. 정 점검하다; 분해 검사/수리하다; 뒤쫓다, 따라잡다 1. a. to examine or go over carefully for needed repairs b. to dismantle in order to make repairs 2. to make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate 3. to catch up with; overtake

overhaul : revision :: scrutinize : inspection overhaul ↔ skim

overlap [òuvərlǽp] v.t. 겹치다 1. to lie or extend over and cover part of 2. to have an area or a range in common with

infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (OPPOSITE) inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (OPPOSITE)

oversee [ouvərsí:] v. 감독하다, 검사하다 1. to watch over and direct; supervise 2. to subject to scrutiny; examine or inspect

overt [óuvəːrt, --] a. 명백한, 공공연한 : MANIFEST 1. open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret 2. of, relating to, or being military or intelligence

operations sanctioned or mandated by Congress clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly (EQUAL) clandestine 비 리 행해지는

overt : surreptitious :: (OPPOSITE) overt ↔ shadowy, surreptitious surreptitious 몰래한, 비밀의, 부정한

overture [óuvərtʃər, -tjùər] n. 전주곡 : PROPOSAL 1. (music) a. an instrumental composition intended

especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio b. a similar orchestral work, such as one written as a concert piece or an introduction to a play

2. an introductory section or part, as of a poem; a prelude 3. an act, an offer, or a proposal that indicates readiness to

undertake a course of action or open a relationship overture : introduction :: anthem : praise veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto 거부권; 금지, 부인

overture, prelude : introductory :: caveat : warning, cautionary caveat [kéiviæt] 경고, 주의

preamble : introductory :: caveat : cautionary preamble 서문, 머리말

overture : symphony :: preface : book overture : opera :: preamble : statute preamble 서문, 머리말(foreword) statute 법령, 법규; 규칙, 정관

coda ↔ overture

overwhelm [òuvərhwélm] v.t. 압도하다; 억누르다 1. to surge over and submerge; engulf 2. a. to defeat completely and decisively b. to affect deeply

in mind or emotion 3. to present with an excessive amount 4. to turn over; upset

overwrought [òuvərrɔ ːt] a. 너무 흥분한; 지나치게 장식한 : AGITATED (wrought : work의 과거(분사))

1. excessively nervous or excited; agitated 2. extremely elaborate or ornate; overdone

oxymoron [ɑ ksimɔ ːrɑn / ɔ ksimɔ ːrɔn] n. 모순 어법 a rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory

terms are combined [ex. crowded solitude] apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox apophasis 부정 어법

equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic

P pachyderm [pǽkidə ːrm] n. (코끼리,하마,코뿔소 등의)후피동물

pachyderm : animal :: ant, aphid : insect

pacify [pǽsəfài] v.t. 진정시키다 : SOOTHE 1. to ease the anger or agitation of 2. to end war, fighting, or violence in; establish peace in

pacify : infuriate :: (OPPOSITE) solace : grief :: pacification : anger solace [sáləs] 위안, 위로; 즐거움, 오락 comfort in sorrow, misfortune,

or distress; consolation tantrum ↔ pacification tantrum 역정, 울화 a fit of bad temper

rankle, incite, vex, gall ↔ pacify, appease, soothe rankle (마음을) 괴롭히다; 욱신거리다, 쑤시다 to cause persistent

irritation or resentment gall (피부를) 스쳐서 벗기다; 화나게 하다

discommode ↔ pacificate, ease, mollify discommode 불편하게 하나, 폐를 끼치다 to put to inconvenience;

trouble pacific ↔ truculent, choleric truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인, 반항적인; 통렬한, 신랄한

pack [pæk] n. 꾸러미, 다발; (사람, 동물의) 떼, 집단, 패거리 orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf

pact [pækt] n. 약속, 계약; 조약, 협정 1. a formal agreement, such as one between nations; a treaty 2. a compact; a bargain

compact 계약 an agreement or a covenant covenant a binding agreement; a compact

padding [péinztèikiŋ, péins-] n. 속을 넣기/채우기; 완충제 1. the act of stuffing, filling, or lining 2. a soft material used to make pads or a pad 3. extraneous material added to written work, such as a

speech, to make it longer padding : damage :: disguise : recognition padding : damage :: dam : flood :: levee : flooding

paean [píːən] n. 찬가 : ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE 1. (music) a song of joyful praise or exultation 2. a fervent expression of joy or praise 3. an ancient Greek hymn of thanksgiving or invocation,

especially to Apollo paean : song :: elegy : poem paean : joy :: dirge : grief :: madrigal : love paean ↔ harsh lampoon lampoon 풍자 (문학)

painstaking [péinztèikiŋ, péins-] a. 애쓰는 : marked by or requiring great pains; very careful and diligent

pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative cursory ↔ painstakingly thorough cursory performed with haste and scant attention to detail

painstaking ↔ slipshod, careless slipshod 단정치 못한, 되는 로의

palatable [pǽlətəbəl] a. 구미 당기는, 맛있는; 마음에 드는 :agreeable to the palate or taste 1. acceptable to the taste; sufficiently agreeable in flavor to

be eaten 2. acceptable or agreeable to the mind or sensibilities

palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest (A << B (동의어라는 설도

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있음)) palate : mouth :: ceiling : room palate [pǽlit] 구개, 입천장; 미각; 심미안, 감상력

palatable ↔ vapid, unsavory

palatial [pəléiʃəl] a. 궁궐의; 호화로운, 웅장한 1. of or suitable for a palace 2. of the nature of a palace, as in spaciousness or

ornateness palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis (OPPOSITE) hovel 오두막집; 가축의 우리

palatial : hovel :: bucolic : metropolis

palette [pǽlit] n. 팔레트; 물감의 색 범위 1. the range of colors used in a particular painting or by a

particular artist 2. the range of qualities inherent in nongraphic art forms

such as music and literature palette : color :: repertoire : play (index : book은 오답)

pall [pɔːl] v. 싫증나다, 흥미를 잃다 1. to become insipid. boring, or wearisome 2. to have a dulling, wearisome, or boring effect 3. to become cloyed or satiated

cloy 넌덜나게 하다 to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit pall ↔ interest, intrigue

palliate [pǽlièit] v. 일시적으로 완화시키다 : ABATE 1. to make (an offense or crime) seem less serious;

extenuate 2. to make less severe or intense; mitigate 3. to relieve the symptoms of a disease or disorder

symptom : palliative :: pain : analgesic enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve palliate : angry :: enfeeble : vigorous enfeeble to deprive of strength; make feeble

caustic ↔ palliating, genial palliate ↔ exacerbate, worsen, increase intensity exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;

aggravate

pallid [pǽlər] a. 창백한, 엷은; 활기/생기 없는 1. having an abnormally pale or wan complexion 2. lacking intensity of color or luminousness 3. lacking in radiance or vitality; dull * pallor [pǽlə:r] n. 창백함, 안색이 나쁨 : extreme or

unnatural paleness pallid ↔ rubicund, piquant, sparkling, robust, sanguine, rosy, colorful, vivid, fresh

palmy [pɑ ːmi] a. 야자수의; 번영하는 : FLOURISHING, PROSPEROUS

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity

palpable [pǽlpəbəl] a. 명백한, 만져서 느낄 수 있는 : MANIFEST, TANGIBLE

1. capable of being handled, touched, or felt; tangible 2. easily perceived; obvious * palpability n.

palpable : touch :: pliable : mold : eatable : eat palpable ↔ subtle, elliptical, imperceptible elliptical, elliptic 타원형의; 생략(법)의; 지나치게 생략한, 알기 어려

운 palpability ↔ intangibility, obscurity, distortion impalpable ↔ clear

palpitate [pǽlpətèit] v. 몹시 고동치다 : to beat rapidly and strongly : THROB

palpitate : beat :: skyrocket : ascend palpitate ↔ be calm, steady

palter [pɔ ːltər] vi. 적당히 얼버무리다 : EQUIVOCATE : to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly 1. to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly; equivocate 2. to be capricious; trifle 3. to quibble, especially in bargaining

quibble 얼버무리다, 억지를 쓰다; 속여서 빼앗다 palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B) budge 조금 움직이다; (의견을) 바꾸다 to move or stir slightly; to

alter a position or attitude die-hard stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly

hopeless or outdated cause palter : candor :: betray : loyalty palter : equivocate :: (A=B) palter ↔ candor

paltry [pɔ ːltri] a. 시시한, 하찮은; 비천한, 천박한 : INFERIOR, TRASHY, TRIVIAL

1. lacking in importance or worth; trivial 2. wretched or contemptible

paltry : covet :: despicable : admire, adore paltry : significance :: random : predictability paltry ↔ significant, important, substantial, considerable

pan [pæn] n. 혹평 v. 혹평하다, 헐뜯다 n. (informal) severe criticism, especially a negative review ex. gave the film a pan / on the pan (혹평을 받아) v. To criticize or review harshly

pan : harsh :: barb : caustic pan ↔ rave, extol, eulogize rave 헛소리를 하다; 열변을 토하다

panache [pənǽʃ, -nɑ ːʃ] n. 깃털 장식; 당당한 태도, 기백 : VERVE

: dash or flamboyance in style and action dash 부딪침; 돌격, 급습; 활기, 원기; 타격 a spirited quality in action

or style; verve verve (예술 작품의) 열정, 기백

panache ↔ humility, unremarkable behavior, dullness

pancreas [pǽnkriəs, pǽŋ-] n. 췌장 insulin : pancreas :: bile : liver bile 담즙; 울화, 역정

pandemic [pændémik] a. 전국적/세계적으로 퍼진 n. 세계적 유행병 a. 1. widespread; general. 2. epidemic over a wide

geographic area: pandemic influenza. n. a pandemic disease

pandemic : disease :: conflagration : fire pandemic ↔ limited pandemic ↔ endemic endemic a.지방 특유의, 풍토성인 n. 풍토병, 지방병

pandemic : disease :: conflagration : fire conflagration 큰 화재, (전쟁, 재해 등의) 돌발

pandemonium [pæ ndəmóuniəm] n. 아수라장, 무법천지; 혼란: TUMULT a very noisy place; wild uproar or noise

pandemonium ↔ serenity

pander [pǽndər] v. 매춘을 알선하다;영합하다, (약점을)이용하다 1. to act as a go-between or liaison in sexual intrigues;

function as a procurer 2. to cater to the lower tastes and desires of others or exploit

their weakness

panegyric [pæ nədʒírik, -dʒái-] n. 찬사 1. a formal eulogistic composition intended as a public

compliment

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2. elaborate praise or laudation; an encomium panegyric : complimentary :: (CHARACTER) panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell valediction 작별, 고별; 고별사

panegyric ↔ anathema, condemnation, denunciation anathema 저주, 증오

panorama [pæ nərǽmə, -rɑ ːmə] n. 전경; 사건의 전개 1. an unbroken view of an entire surrounding area 2. a comprehensive presentation; a survey 3. a picture or series of pictures representing a continuous

scene, often exhibited a part at a time by being unrolled and passed before the spectator

4. a mental vision of a series of events * panoramic a.

panoramic ↔ narrow

pantechnicon [pæntéknikɑ n, -kən/ -kən] n. 가구 운반차; 가구 창고/진열장

pantechnicon : furniture ::

pantry [pǽntri] n. 식료품 저장실 1. a small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food,

tableware, linens, and similar items are stored 2. a small room used for the preparation of cold foods

pantry : comestible, food :: armory : weapons :: closet, wardrobe : clothes comestible n. 식료품, 음식 armory, arsenal 무기고

parable [pǽrəbəl] n. 우화; 비유 : a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson

parable : story :: homily : lecture (A ∈ B) homily 설교, 설법

paradigmatic [pæ rədigmǽtik] adj. 전형적인 : example, pattern : an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype

paradigm n. 전형 : EXAMPLE, PATTERN 1. an example that serves as pattern or model 2. a list of all the inflectional forms of a word taken as an

illustrative example of the conjugating or declension to which it belongs

paradigm, paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify

paradise [pǽrədais] n. 극락, 낙원; 이상향 pleasurable : paradisical :: tiring : grueling (A << B)

paradox [pǽrədɑ ks / -dɔ ks] n. 역설, 궤변 1. a seemingly contradictory statement that may

nonetheless be true 2. one exhibiting inexplicable or contradictory aspects 3. an assertion that is essentially self-contradictory, though

based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises 4. a statement contrary to received opinion

apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox apophasis 부정 어법 allusion to something by denying that it will be

mentioned paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise paradoxical ↔ congruent, common

paragon [pǽrəgɑ n, -gən] n. 모범, 전형 : a model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless

example

paragon : excellent :: hoax : frau여lent paragon : exemplary :: amendment : corrective paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard paragon : mediocre :: martinet : lenient (A에는 B가 없다 + OPPOSITE) mediocrity 평범, 보통; 범인(凡人) mediocre [mì:dióukər] 보통의, 평범한, 2류의 moderate to inferior in

quality; ordinary travesty ↔ paragon travesty 희문(戱文), 희작; 서투른 흉내

paralyze [pǽrəlàiz] v. 마비시키다 1. to affect with paralysis 2. to make powerless or ineffective

paralyze ↔ invigorate, enable, strengthen

paramount [pǽrəmàunt] a. 최고의, 주요한 : SUPREME 1. of chief concern or importance 2. supreme in rank, power, or authority

painful : agonizing :: important : paramount (A << B) agonize 몹시 괴로워하다; 필사적으로 노력하다

paramount : importance :: farthest : remoteness (A >> B, 형:명) paramount ↔ unimportant, ancillary, lowliest ancillary 부속된, 보조의 1. subordinate 2. auxiliary; helping

paranoia [pæ rənɔ iə] n. 편집증 1. a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of

persecution or grandeur, often strenuously defended with apparent logic and reason

2. extreme, irrational distrust of others enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: admiring : idolatrousness

paraphrase [pǽrəfrèiz] v. 바꿔 말하다 1. a restatement of a text or passage in another form or other

words, often to clarify meaning 2. the restatement of texts in others words as a studying or

teaching device paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise (OPPOSITE) verbatim [vərbéitim] 정확히 그 로 using exactly the same words;

corresponding word for word

parch [pɑːrtʃ] vi. 바싹 말리다; 굽다, 볶다 1. to make extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat 2. to make thirsty 3. to dry or roast (corn, for example) by exposing to heat

steep ↔ parch steep a. 가파른, 험준한 v. (액체에) 담그다, 적시다

parenthesis [pərénθəsis] n. (둥근) 괄호; 막간, 휴식 시간 enclose : parentheses :: separate : comma parenthesis : explanation :: ellipsis : omission

pariah [pəráiə, pǽriə] n. 따돌림 받는 사람; 부랑자, 천민 : a social outcast : outcast one that has been excluded from a society or

system pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine

parity [pǽrəti] n. 동등, 동격; 동일, 일치 1. equality, as in amount, status, or value 2. functional equivalence, as in the weaponry or military

strength of adversaries 3. the equivalent in value of a sum of money expressed in

terms of a different currency at a fixed, official rate of exchange

4. equality of prices of goods or securities in two different markets

parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent symbiosis 공생(共生)

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parity : equable :: (A=B, 명:형) parity ↔ inequality, incommensurateness commensurate 같은, 동등한; 어울리는, 균형 잡힌

parlance [pɑ ːrləns] n. 말투, 어조 : IDIOM 1. a particular manner or speaking; idiom 2. speech, especially a conversation or parley

parley 회담, 교섭, 협상 gait : walk :: parlance : speak

parliament n. 국회, 의회 parliament : legislation :: court : appeal

parochial [pəróukiəl] a. 교구의; 편협한, 국지적인 1. of, relating to, supported by, or located in a parish 2. narrowly restricted in scope or outlook; provincial

parochial ↔ ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인, 전세계적인; 세계 교회 운동

(ecumenical movement)의

parody [pǽrədi] n. 풍자 parody : style :: mime : gesture ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof (악의 없는) 놀림, 조롱

paroxysm [pǽrəksìzəm] n. (감정, 행동의) 폭발 : OUTBURST : a sudden outburst of emotion or action

paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive (A는 B의 속성을 지님) ruse 계략, 책략 a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge subterfuge 핑계, 구실 a deceptive stratagem or device

parquetry [pɑ ːrkitri] n. (마루) 조각 나무 세공 fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor (A decorate B) parquet : wood :: mosaic : glass

parrot [pǽrət] v. 뜻도 모르고 흉내 내다 : to repeat or imitate, especially without understanding

babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK)

parry [pǽri] v. 받아넘기다, 회피하다 1. to deflect or ward off (a fencing thrust, for example) 2. to deflect, evade, or avoid

duty : shirk :: question : parry parry : question :: deflect : criticism :: shirk : duty deflect 빗나가게 하다, 굴절시키다 to turn aside or cause to turn

aside; bend or deviate

parse [pɑːrs] v. 문장을 분석하다; 세 히 조사하다 1. to break (a sentence down) into its component parts of

speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactical relationship of each part

2. to describe (a word) by stating its part of speech, form, and syntactical relationships in a sentence

3. to examine closely or subject to detailed analysis, especially by breaking up into components

scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specimen 견본; 표본 dissect 절단하다, 해부하다; 세 히 조사/분석하다

parsimony [pɑ ːrsəmòuni / -məni] n. 인색 : THRIFT 1. unusual or excessive frugality; extreme economy or

stinginess 2. adoption of the simplest assumption in the formulation

of a theory or in the interpretation of data, especially in accordance with the rule of Ockham's razor

* parsimonious adj. craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift craven 비겁한, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly

curt : words :: parsimonious : resource curt 짧은, 간략한; 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운

parsimonious : waste :: taciturn : speak parsimony : waste :: teetotaler : alcohol miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimp 절약하다; 인색하게 굴다

parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory 지엄한, 단호한; 위압적인, 거만스러운

parsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgent insurgent 반란을 일으키는, 반란자

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B) hubris 자신 과잉, 교만 overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance

tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) brat 애새끼 a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one mischievous 해를 끼치는, 유해한; 장난치기 좋아하는, 짓궂은

parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (OPPOSITE) profligate 방탕한, 부도덕한; 낭비하는

parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE) hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence (A >> B) parsimonious : prodigal :: (OPPOSITE) largesse ↔ parsimony largesse [la:rdʒés] 아낌없이 선물함, 후함 generosity of spirit or

attitude parsimonious ↔ wasteful, liberal, profligate, prodigal, munificent, lavish, generous, extravagant

partial [pɑ :r∫:əl] a. 일부의, 부분적인; 편파적인(biased), 불공평한

(unfair); 편애하는 1. of, relating to, being or affecting only a part; not total;

incomplete 2. favoring one person or side over another or others; biased

or prejudiced 3. having a particular liking or fondness for something or

someone partial ↔ dispassionate dispassionate 냉정한; 선입관이 없는, 공평한

partiality [pɑ ːrʃiǽləti] n. 편견, 불공평, 편애 : BIAS 1. the state of being partial 2. favorable prejudice or bias 3. a special fondness; a predilection

particularize [pərtíkjələràiz] v. 개별적으로 상세히 말하다; 특수

화하다 : SPECIFY 1. to mention, describe, or treat individually; itemize or

specify 2. to make particular as opposed to general or universal

illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details

partisan [pɑ ːrtəzən / pɑ ːrtizǽn] n. 추종자, 동지; 게릴라 원, 유격병

1. a fervent, sometimes militant supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea

2. a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially within occupied territory; a guerrilla

authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans allegiance 충성, 헌신; 신하의 의무

patriot : country :: partisan : cause partisan : moderate :: rash : circumspect circumspect 신중한 heedful of circumstances and potential

consequences; prudent

partition [pａ:rtí∫:ən] n. 분배, 배분; 구분; 경계; 격막 partition ↔ unity

passionate [pǽʃənit] a. 다혈질의, 정열적인, 감정적인; 강렬한

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1. capable of, having, or dominated by powerful emotions 2. wrathful by temperament; choleric 3. marked by strong sexual desire; amorous or lustful 4. showing or expressing strong emotion; ardent 5. arising from or marked by passion

pastiche [pæstíːʃ] n. 모방 작품; 잡동사니(hodgepodge) pasticcio [pæstí:tʃou] = pastiche [pæstí:ʃ] 1. a dramatic, literary, or musical piece openly imitating the

previous works of other artists, often with satirical intent 2. a pasticcio of incongruous parts; a hodgepodge

pastiche ↔ original work

pastoral [pǽstərəl|pá:s-] a. 전원적인 n. 목가 pastoral ↔ urban

pat [pæt] adj. 능숙한, 적절한, 꼭 맞는 adv. 정확히 pat ↔ not suitable, unrehearsed

patchwork [pǽt∫wə:rk] n. 쪽모이 세공; 잡동사니; 미봉책 1. needlework consisting of varicolored patches of material

sewn together, as in a quilt 2. a collection of miscellaneous or incongruous parts; a

jumble

patent [pǽtənt, péit-] a. 특허의; 명백한, 공공연한 : OBVIOUS, PLAIN

1. a. protected or conferred by a patent or letters patent b. of, relating to, or dealing in patents

2. obvious; plain accessible, patent ↔ abstruse, not evident, occult, recondite patent ↔ vague, hidden, disguised, ambiguous nuance ↔ patent difference occult ↔ bare, patent occult 신비한, 불가사의한, 초자연적인; 비 의

patent ↔ not evident, recondite, abstruse recondite 난해한; 감추어진

pathogen [pǽθədʒən] n. 병원균 : an agent that causes disease, especially a living

microorganism stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A cause B)

pathology [pəθɑ lədʒi / -θɔ l-] n. 병리학; 변이 1. the scientific study of the nature of disease and its

causes, processes, development, and consequences 2. a departure or deviation from a normal condition pathological a. 병적인

pathological ↔ normal

patina [pǽtənə] n. (청동에 낀) 녹청; (오래 써서 생긴) 윤기, 고색(古色); 겉치레적인 품격

1. a thin greenish layer, usually basic copper sulfate, that forms on copper or copper alloys, such as bronze, as a result of corrosion

2. the sheen on any surface, produced by age and use 3. a change in appearance produced by long-standing

behavior, practice, or use the patina of wealth : the attractive or impressive

appearance of wealth (롱맨) patina ↔ essential quality

patrician [pətrí∫ən] n. 지위가 높은 사람, 귀족 base ↔ partician

patriot [péitriət, -ɑ t / pǽtriət] n. 애국자 : one who loves, supports, and defends one's country

patriot : country :: partisan : cause patriotic : chauvinistic :: receptive : gullible

patron [péitrən] n. 단골, 고객; 후원자 patron : support :: apologist : defend apologist 변호인, 지지자, 옹호자

patronize [péitrənàiz, pǽt-] v.t. 후원/보호하다; 단골로 삼다, 애용하다; 생색내며 도와주다 1. to act as a patron to; support or sponsor 2. to go to as a customer, especially on a regular basis 3. to treat in a condescending manner

condescend 자신을 낮추다; 생색내며 하다 condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) patronize ↔ boycott

paucity [pɔ ːsəti] n. 소량, 부족 1. smallness of number; fewness 2. scarcity; dearth

paucity ↔ slew, profusion, plethora, abundance, excess, glut slew 다량 a large amount or number; a lot

paunchy [pɔːntʃi, pɑːntʃi] a. 똥배가 나온, 올챙이배의 : having a potbelly

svelte ↔ paunchy and awkward svelte 날씬한, 유연한; 세련되고 품위 있는 slender or graceful in

figure or outline; slim

pauper [pɔ ːpər] n. 극빈자, 빈민 1. one who is extremely poor 2. one living on or eligible for public charity

eligible 적격의, 적임의, 바람직한

pebble [pébəl] n. 조약돌 : a small usually rounded stone, especially one worn smooth

by erosion droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide landslide 산사태; 사태로 무너진 토사; 승리

peccadillo [pèkədílou] n. 작은 죄 : a small sin or fault

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch 조그만 결함, 사소한 고장

peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: mishap : accident :: creek :: river :: knoll : hill :: hillock : mountain (A는 작은 B)

peccadillo : offense :: cameo : role crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff (빅북)

peck [pek] v. (부리로) 쪼다, 쪼아서 뚫다; 가볍게 키스하다 : to kiss briefly and casually

peck : kiss :: glance : look peck : kiss :: peep : sound peep (어린 새처럼 높은 소리로) 말하다 엿보다 to peek furtively; steal a quick glance

pedagogue [pédəgɑ g, -gɔ ːg] n. 선생, 교육자; 학자인 체 하는 교육자

1. a schoolteacher; an educator 2. one who instructs in a pedantic or dogmatic manner

pedagogue : instruct :: exponent : advocate stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate indoctrinate 가르치다, (사상 등을) 심어주다

pedant [pédənt] n. 현학자, 규칙(book learning and formal rules)만 찾는 사람

1. one who pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules

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2. one who exhibits one's learning or scholarship ostentatiously

pedant : learning :: martinet : discipline :: dandy : dress (chicanery : trickery는 오답)

mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship mawkish 지나치게 감상적인; (맛이) 역겨운

scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prude 지나치게 얌전빼는 사람

moralistic : principled :: pedantic : learned (A >> B) moralistic (지나치게) 도덕적인 marked by a narrow-minded morality

outspoken : saucy : erudite : pedantic (A << B) outspoken 솔직한 saucy 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운 erudition deep, extensive learning

pedantic : scholar :: histrionic : actor histrionic 연기의, 배우의; 지나치게 꾸민 excessively dramatic or

emotional; affected pedantic ↔ hasty hasty; done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise, impetuous

pedestal [pedəstl] n. (조각상 등의) 좌, 토 ; 기반, 근거; 중요한 지위

1. an architectural support or base, as for a column or statue

2. a support or foundation 3. a position of high regard or adoration

pedestal : statue :: foundation : house

predestine [pri:déstin] v. 숙명지우다, 운명짓다 : to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain

predestine ↔ leave to chance

pedestrian [pədéstriən] a. 도보의; 평범한, 산문적인 : COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE, ORDINARY 1. of, relating to, or made for pedestrians 2. going or performed on foot 3. undistinguished; ordinary

pedestrian : surprise :: (A에는 B할 속성이 없는) pedestrian ↔ admirable, inspired, imaginative, uncommon, marvelous, rarefied, noble, inspired

pediatrics [pì:diǽtriks] n. 소아과 pediatrics : children :: dermatology : skin

peep [piːp] v. (어린 새처럼 높은 소리로) 말하다 1. to utter short, soft, high-pitched sounds, like those of a

baby bird 2. to speak in a hesitant, thin, high-pitched voice

엿보다 to peek furtively; steal a quick glance peep : sound :: peck : kiss :: pinch : quantity

peer [piə:r] n. 동료, 친구; 귀족 1. a person who has equal standing with another or others,

as in rank, class, or age 2. a. a nobleman b. a man who holds a peerage by descent

or appointment peer ↔ a subordinate person

peerless [piərlis] a. 비길 데 없는, 무쌍의(matchless) : being such as to have no match; incomparable

peerlessness ↔ equality

peeve [piːv] v. 짜증나게 하다 : ANNOY to cause to be annoyed or resentful

pontificating, patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) pontificate 오만한 태도를 보이다; 주교의 임무를 수행하다

peeved : annoy :: saturated : wet placate ↔ peeve

peevish [píːviʃ] a. 성미가 까다로운, 화를 잘 내는 1. a. querulous or discontented b. ill-tempered 2. contrary; fractious

peevish ↔ good-natured, simple

pejorative [pidʒɑ rətiv,-dʒɔ ːr-, pédʒə-, píːdʒə-] a.가치를 떨어뜨 리는; 경멸적인 : DEPRECIATORY 1. tending to make or become worse 2. disparaging; belittling

pejorative ↔ laudatory, meliorative meliorate 개선하다 to make better; improve

pelf [pelf] n. 돈, 부 : wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired

pelf : impecunious :: experience : green

pell-mell [pélmél] adv. 뒤죽박죽으로 a.뒤죽박죽의 n.뒤죽박죽 pell-mell ↔ orderly

pellucid [pəlú:sid] a. 투명한; 이해하기 쉬운 1. admitting the passage of light; transparent or translucent 2. transparently clear in style or meaning

venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand venial 용서할 수 있는; 사소한, 가벼운 easily excused or forgiven;

pardonable murky ↔ pellucid, clear, limpid limpid 맑은, 투명한; 명석한

pen [pen] n. 백조의 암컷 swan : pen :: sheep : ewe ewe 양의 암컷

penalty [pénəlti] n. 형벌, 벌금 1. a punishment established by law or authority for a crime

or an offense 2. something, especially a sum of money, required as a forfeit

for an offense 3. the disadvantage or painful consequences resulting from

an action or a condition exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty exempt (의무, 책임 등을) 면제하다

penchant [péntʃənt] n. 경향, 편애 : LIKING : a definite liking; a strong and continued inclination

penchant ↔ aversion, dislike, repugnance

penetrate [pénətrèit] v. 관통하다, 스며들다, 퍼지다, 파고들다 1. To enter or force a way into; pierce. 2. a. To enter into and permeate: The insistent rhythm of

piano practice penetrated each room of the house. b. To cause to be permeated or diffused; steep.

3. To pierce or enter into something; make a way in or through something.

*비교. impenetrate : v.t.~에 깊이(완전히) 침투하다 impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid ineluctable 불가피한, 면할 수 없는 not to be avoided or escaped;

inevitable knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable penetrating ↔ obtuse penetrating 꿰뚫는, 관통하는, 통찰력 있는, 날카로운

penitent [pénətənt] a. 참회하는, 뉘우치는 : REPENTANT : feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins

penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent : contrition :: belligerent : aggression penitent : remorse :: (EQUAL, 형 : 명) remorse 참회 moral anguish arising from repentance for past

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misdeeds; bitter regret rueful, contrite, remorseful ↔ impenitent rueful 비참한, 후회하는 rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for contrite 회개한; 후회의 빛을 보이는

penitence ↔ obduracy penitent ↔ obdurate

pensive [pénsiv] a. 수심에 잠긴; 애수를 띤 1. deeply, often wistfully or dreamily thoughtful 2. suggestive or expressive of melancholy thoughtfulness

lamentable : pensive :: museful : ruminative (EQUAL) muse 심사숙고하다, 생각에 잠기다 ruminate 반추하다; 심사숙고하다

penury [pénjəri] n. 궁핍 1. extreme want or poverty; destitution 2. extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency

frugal : penurious :: firm : obdurate (A << B) incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy incognizant 모르는, 알아채지 못하는 lacking knowledge or

awareness; unaware penury, penuriousness ↔ affluence, largesse penurious ↔ lavish, spendthrift

pep [pep] n. 원기 : brisk energy or initiative and high spirits

pep ↔ languor, enervation

perambulate [pərǽmbjəleit] v. 순회하다, 걸어 다니다; 답사하다 1. to walk through 2. to inspect (an area) on foot

foot : perambulate :; eye : observe

perceivable [pərsí:vəbl] adj. 지각(감지)할 수 있는, 인지할 수 있는 perceivable : discernable :: impulsive : spontaneous perceive ↔ neglect

perceptible [pərséptəbəl] a. 지각/인식할 수 있는 PERCEIVABLE; 꽤 많은 상당한

capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) perceptible : hidden :: (B하면 A할 수 없는) perceptible : discernable :: impulsive : spontaneous

percipient [pərsípiənt] adj. 지각(감지)하는, 지각력 있는 n. 지각

(식별)하는 사람 percipient : discernment ::

perdition [pərdíʃən] n. 멸망 1 a archaic : utter destruction b obsolete : LOSS 2 a . eternal damnation b. HELL

perdition ↔ salvation

peregrinate [péregreneit] v. 여러 나라를 장기간 여행하다 peregrinate ↔ stick to one place

peremptory [pərémptəri, pérəmptɔ ːri] a. 위압적인, 명령적인 1. putting an end to all debate or action 결정적인 2. not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative

‘dispute 못하도록’ 위압적인 3. having the nature of or expressing a command; urgent

명령적인 4. offensively self-assured; dictatorial 거만스러운

parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (A하면 B하기 힘든) prohibitive (값이) 터무니없는, 못하게 하는 peremptory ↔ open to challenge, humble, modest, self-effacing

perennial [pəréniəl] a. 연중 계속되는, 다년생의; 지속적인,

영구적인; 반복적인 1. lasting or active through the year or through many years 2. a. lasting an indefinitely long time; enduring b. appearing again and again; recurrent

perennial ↔ fleeting fleeting; passing quickly; ephemeral

perfervid [pəːrfə ːrvid] a. 열정적인, 열렬한 : IMPASSIONED : extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or zealous

perfervid ↔ impassive, tepid

perfidy [pə ːrfədi] n. 배반 (행위) : TREACHERY 1. deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust;

treachery 2. the act or an instance of treachery * perfidious adj.

exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE) perfidious : trust :: disreputable : esteem (impatient : calmness는 오답) perfidy : credibility :: perfidious ↔ faithful, loyal, trustworthy perfidy ↔ fealty, faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, honesty fealty 충성, 충성의 맹세

perforate [pə ːrfərèit] v. ∼에 구멍을 뚫다 : to pierce, punch, or bore a hole or holes in; penetrate

perforate : hole :: pleat : fold :: stipple : dot pleat ~에 주름을 잡다

perforate ↔ caulk caulk [kɔ:k] 막다 to make watertight or airtight by filling or sealing

perfunctory [pəːrfʌ ŋktərəli] a. 형식적인, 겉치레의; 열의 없는, 무관심한

1. done routinely and with little interest or care 2. acting with indifference; showing little interest or care

perfunctory : depth :: insolent : veneration perfunctory : depth :: obstinacy : flexibility perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration insolent 오만한, 거만한

perfunctory ↔ enthusiastic, careful, meticulous, conscientious(0706)

perigee [pérədʒìː] n. 근지점 1. the point in the orbit of an object (as a satellite) orbiting

the earth that is nearest to the center of the earth 2. the point nearest a planet or a satellite (as the moon)

reached by an object orbiting it - compare APOGEE perigee ↔ apogee

peril [pérəl] 위험, (임박한) 위기; 모험 1. a. imminent danger b. exposure to the risk of harm or loss 2. something that endangers or involves risk

peril ↔ security

perilous [pérələs] a. 위험하기 짝이 없는 : full of or involving peril; dangerous

perilous : danger :: impartial : mediator

perimeter [pərímitər] n. 주변, 주위 1. (mathematics) a. a closed curve bounding a plane area b.

the length of such a boundary 2. the outer limits of an area 3. a fortified strip or boundary usually protecting a military

position country : border :: circle : perimeter

periodical [piriádikəl|-ɔ d-] n. (일간 신문 이외의) 정기 간행물, 잡지 1. periodic 2. a. published at regular intervals of more than one day b. of or relating to a publication issued at such intervals

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magazine : periodical :: mystery : fiction (A ∈ B)

peripatetic [pèrəpətétik] a. 아리스토텔레스학파의; 떠돌아다니

는, 순회하는 : ITINERANT : walking about or from place to place; traveling on foot

peripatetic ↔ stationary, rooted, sedentary

peripheral [pərífərəl] a. 주위의; 지엽의, 말초의; 하찮은, 부수적인 1. related to, located in, or constituting an outer boundary

or periphery 2. perceived or perceiving near the outer edges of the

retina 3. of minor relevance or importance 4. auxiliary * periphery n.

immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center (OPPOSITE) immaterial 중요하지 않은, 하찮은; 비물질적인, 무형의

peripheral : pivotal :: crux ↔ peripheral element peripheral ↔ central, in essence, crucial, vital, pivotal, intrinsic, needed

periphery ↔ important part, core, center, central area

perish [péri∫] v. 죽다; 사라지다, 소멸하다 1. to die or be destroyed, especially in a violent or untimely

manner 2. to pass from existence; disappear gradually

perish ↔ survive

perjure [pə :rd3ə:r] v. 위증하다 : to render (oneself) guilty of perjury by deliberately

testifying falsely under oath perjure ↔ depose, attest depose 퇴위/면직시키다; 선서 증언하다

perjury [pə ːrdʒəri] n. 위증(죄); 거짓말 1. (law) the deliberate, willful giving of false, misleading, or

incomplete testimony under oath 2. the breach of an oath or a promise

oath : false swearing :: perjury : deposition (OPPOSITE) deposition 면직, 폐위; 퇴적, 침전물; 증언

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny 명예 훼손, 중상, 비방

perjury ↔ truthful deposition, testimony deposition 면직, 폐위; 퇴적, 침전(물); 기탁, 공탁; 증언

permanent [pə ːrmənənt] a. 영구한, 영속적인; 불변의 1. lasting or remaining without essential change 2. not expected to change in status, condition, or place

evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (WITHOUT 혹은 OPPOSITE) archaic 구식인, 낡은; 고 의; 초기의

heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (OPPOSITE) erratic 별난, 이상한; 변덕스러운

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience opportune 적당한; 시기적절한

transitory : permanence :: achromatic : hue extinction ↔ perpetuation, permanence interim, ephemeral, labile ↔ permanent, perpetual interim 잠시, 막간 an interval of time between one event, process,

or period and another labile [léibàil] 변화기 쉬운(changeable), 불안정한(unstable); 유연한,

적응성 있는 transience ↔ permanence permanent ↔ transitory

permeable [pə ːrmiəbəl] a. 투과성의 : PENETRABLE : that can be permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids

or gasses * permeate 삼투/투과하다 To spread or flow throughout;

pervade * impermeable adj. 빠져나갈 수 없는, 불침투성의

knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid impenetrate : permeable :: impenetrate : ~에 깊이(완전히) 침투하다 penetrate : impermeable :: change : immutable :: profane : inviolable inviolable 불가침의, 신성한

waterproof ↔ permeable impermeable ↔ easily penetrated diaphanous ↔ impermeable of light

permissive [pəːrmísiv] a. 허용된, 묵인된; 자유방임의, 관 한 1. granting or inclined to grant permission; tolerant or lenient 2. permitting discretion; optional

permissiveness ↔ intolerance

permute [pərmjú:t] v. ~을 변경하다, 바꾸다, 치환하다 To change the order of

permute : rearranged :: condense : abridged permute ↔ make stable, keep consistently

pernicious [pəːrníʃəs] a. 파멸적인, 해로운; 치명적인 : DEADLY 1. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly 2. causing great harm; destructive

pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead disingenuous 부정직한, 표리부동의 not straightforward or candid;

crafty pernicious, virulent ↔ salutary, salubrious salutary 유익한, 건전한, 이로운

perorate [pérərèit] v. 상세히 말하다; 맺음말을 하다 1. to conclude a speech with a formal recapitulation 2. to speak at great length, often in a grandiloquent manner;

declaim peroration : speech : coda : sonata

perpetual [pərpétʃuəl] a. 영구적인, 끊임없는 : EVERLASTING 1. lasting for eternity 2. continuing or lasting for an indefinitely long time 3. instituted to be in effect or have tenure for an unlimited

duration 4. continuing without interruption 5. flowering throughout the growing season

constant : perpetuate :: transient : vanish (형 : 동) perpetual : eternity :: fretful : discontinuity perpetuity : time :: perpetuation ↔ extinction transitory, transient, ephemeral, intermittent ↔ permanent, perpetual transient 일시적인, 덧없는 transitory existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or temporary

debunk ↔ perpetuate to sham debunk 정체를 폭로하다, 가면을 벗기다

perpetual ↔ transitory, ephemeral, transient perpetuity ↔ short in time, transitoriness

perplex [pərpléks] v, 당혹케 하다, 혼란에 빠트리다(entangle) 1. to confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt 2. to make confusedly intricate; complicate

perplex ↔ clarify, enlighten

persecute [pə ːrsikjùːt] v.t. 학 하다, 박해하다; 귀찮게 하다, 괴롭히다

1. to oppress or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or beliefs

2. to annoy persistently; bother persecute : injure :: haunt : remember (A >> B) haunt 자주 들르다; (생각 등이) 끊임없이 떠오르다

persevere [pə ːrsəvíər] vi. (어려움, 장애를 딛고) 꾸준히 해내다

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: to persist in or remain constant to a purpose, an idea, or a task in the face of obstacles or discouragement

persevere : enduring :: persevere ↔ give up perseverance ↔ cessation of effort

persiflage [pə ːrsəflɑ ːʒ, pɛ ərsiflɑ ːʒ] n. 희롱, 농담, 익살; 경박함 1. light good-natured talk; banter 2. light or frivolous manner of discussing a subject

frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 어리석은 persiflage : frivolous :: persiflage : incite :: exhortation : motivate exhortation 권고, 권장; 충고의 말, 추천사

persistence [pərsístəns] n. 인내, 불굴; 영속, 지속(성) persistence : tenacious :: urbaneness, urbanity : sophiscated persistence ↔ inconstancy, transience

personable [pə ːrsənəbəl] a. 호감 가는 : ATTRACTIVE : pleasing in personality or appearance; attractive

personable ↔ unattractive

perspective [pəːrspéktiv] n. 조망, 경치; 전망, 전도, 예상 1. the technique of representing 3-D objects and depth

relationships on a 2-D surface 2. a. a view or vista b. a mental view or outlook 3. the appearance of objects in depth as perceived by

normal binocular vision 4. a. the relationship of aspects of a subject to each other

and to a whole b. subjective evaluation of relative significance; a point of

view c. the ability to perceive things in their actual nterrelations

or comparative importance

perspicacious [pə ːrspəkéiʃəs] a. 통찰력 있는, 명민한 : KEEN : having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-

sighted perspicacity : hidden :: perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist (A한 사람은 B가 아니다) (timidity : accost는 오답) rectitude 공정, 정직, 옳음

perspicacious : discernment :: perspicacity : acumen :: (CHARACTER) perspicacious ↔ obtuse, undiscerned, dull, lack of discernment, lackluster, inattentive, imperceptive, unclear, vague, ambiguous

perspicacity ↔ indiscernment

perspicuous [pə ːrspəkjúːəs] a. 명확한, 명쾌한 : clearly expressed or presented; easy to understand

perspicuous ↔ dull perspicuity ↔ opacity

pert [pəːrt] a.뻔뻔스러운,주제넘은,건방진;(의복,언동 등이)멋진 1.trim and stylish in appearance; jaunty 2. high-spirited; vivacious 3. impudently bold; saucy

pertain [pərtéin] v. 관련되다; 적합하다 1. to have reference; relate 2. to belong as an adjunct, part, holding, or quality 3. to be fitting or suitable

pertain ↔ be irrelevant

pertinacious [pə ːrtənéiʃəs] a. 끈질긴, 고수하는 1. holding tenaciously to a purpose, belief, opinion, or

course of action 2. stubbornly or perversely persistent * pertinacity n. 끈덕짐, 끈질김, 불굴, 완강, 집요

pertinacious : capitulate :: forthright : dissimulate inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pertinacity : yield :: pertinacious ↔ tractable, pliable, irresolute, capricious, pliant pertinacity ↔ vacillation

pertinent [pə ːrtənənt] a. 관계있는, 적절한 : having logical, precise relevance to the matter at hand

pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity immaterial ↔ pertinent, relevant immaterial 중요하지 않은, 하찮은; 비물질적인, 무형의

pertinent ↔ irrelevant, immaterial pertinence ↔ lack of relevance cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence (A는 B를 갖고 있음)

perturb [pərtə ːrb] v.t. 당황하게 하다, 교란하다 : DISQUIET 1. to disturb greatly; make uneasy or anxious 2. to throw into great confusion

impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy impassive 무감동의, 냉담한; 냉정한, 침착한; 인사불성의 voracious 걸신들린; 물릴 줄 모르는

stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy avaricious 탐욕적인; 몹시 원하는 immoderately desirous of wealth or

gain; greedy perturb : serenity :: reassure : doubt :: console : grief perturbation ↔ serenity, equanimity equanimity 침착, 평정; 체념 the quality of being calm and even-

tempered; composure

peruse [pərú:z] v. 숙독/정독하다; 자세히 조사하다, 음미하다 : to read or examine, typically with great care

peruse : smattering :: stare : leer leer 곁눈질을 하다, 흘겨보다

peruse ↔ glance at

pervade [pərvéid] v.t. 널리 퍼지다, 배어들다, 충만하다 : to be present throughout; permeate * pervasive adj.

permeate 충만하다; 투과하다 to spread or flow throughout; pervade pervasive : avoid :: rigid : bend pervade ↔ relieve, empty, withdraw, leave pervasive ↔ not widely distributed, narrowed pervasiveness ↔ limited distribution

perverse [pərv ə :rs] a. 외고집인, 심굴궂은; 성미가 비꼬인; 사악한, 불법의; 마음 로 안 되는

1. directed away from what is right or good; perverted 2. obstinately persisting in an error or a fault; wrongly self-

willed or stubborn 3. a. marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict b.

arising from such a disposition 4. cranky; peevish

cranky 성미가 까다로운; 변덕스러운; 꼬불꼬불한

pervert [pərvə :rt] v. 빗나가다, 그르치다; 타락/부패시키다 1. to cause to turn away from what is right, proper, or good;

corrupt 2. to bring to a bad or worse condition; debase 3. to put to a wrong or improper use; misuse 4. to interpret incorrectly; misconstrue or distort

pessimism [pésəmìzəm] n. 염세주의, 비관주의 1. a tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take

the gloomiest possible view 2. the doctrine or belief that this is the worst of all possible

worlds and that all things ultimately tend toward evil 3. the doctrine or belief that the evil in the world outweights

the good

pesticide [péstəsàid] n. 살충제

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: a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide herbicide 제초제(weed-killer)

pestle [péstl] n. 절굿공이 1. a club-shaped, hand-held tool for grinding or mashing

substances in a mortar 2. a large bar moved vertically to stamp or pound, as in a

press or mill hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar awl : pierce :: pestle : hash awl [ɔ:l] 송곳

pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark :: spice : flavor :: whetstone : sharpen :: spoon : stir flint 부싯돌

petition [pitíʃən] v. 간청/탄원하다 : SOLICIT : to make a request, especially formally

minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary minion 앞잡이, 부하; 총애 받는 사람 grovel 기다, 엎드리다; 비굴하게 굴다

petrify [pétrəfai] v. 석화하다, 돌같이 만들다;무감각하게 하다;멍하게 만들다

1. to convert (wood or other organic matter) into a stony replica by petrifaction

2. to cause to become stiff or stonelike; deaden 3. to stun or paralyze with terror; daze

petrify : stone :: evaporate : vapor

petroglyph, petrograph [pétrəglif] n. (선사 시 의) 암각 선화 (조각)

: a carving or line drawing on rock, especially one made by prehistoric people

petroglyph, petrograph : rock :: mural : wall mural 벽화

petty [péti] a. 하찮은, 시시한; 옹졸한:MINOR, SUBORDINATE, SMALL-MINDED

1. of small importance; trivial 2. marked by narrowness of mind, ideas, or views 3. marked by meanness or lack of generosity, especially in

trifling matters 4. secondary in importance or rank; subordinate

petty : notice :: contemptible : respect (A = B하기 어려운)

petulant [pétʃələnt] a. 안달하는, 초조해하는, 성마른; 변덕스러운; 건방진 1. unreasonably irritable or ill-tempered; peevish 2. contemptuous in speech or behavior

peevish 성미가 까다로운; 성마른, 화를 잘 내는

phantom [fǽntəm] n. 환영, 환상 adj. 환영의, 착각의, 유령의 phantom ↔ actual

phenomenal [finɑ mənl / -nɔ m-] a. 괄목할만한, 보통 아닌 : EXTRAORDINARY, REMARKABLE, OUTSTANDING

1. of, relating to, or constituting phenomena or a phenomenon

2. extraordinary; outstanding 3. (philosophy) known or derived through the senses rather

than through the mind phenomenal ↔ ordinary, unexceptional, commonplace

philanthropic [fìlənθrɑ pik / -θrɔ p-] a. 박애주의의, 인자한 : HUMANITARIAN

1. of, relating to, or marked by philanthropy; humanitarian 2. organized to provide humanitarian or charitable

assistance

philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality :: philanthropic : mercy

philanthropist : endow :: prevaricator : mislead philanthropist : eleemosynary :: eleemosynary [èləmásənèri] 은혜를 베푸는, 적선하는

philately [filǽtəli] n. 우표 수집/연구(stamp collecting) philatelist : stamps :: numismatist : coins numismatics [njù:mizmǽtiks] 화폐 연구/수집

philistine [fíləstìːn, filístiːn, fílistàin] n. (문화, 예술에 관심이 없는) 문외한, 속물, a. 교양없는, 속물의, 무취미한

dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (A는 B일 수 없는+B는 A의 OPPOSITE 단어) dawdle 시간을 낭비하다, 빈둥거리며 지내다, 꾸물 다 punctilious 형식에 치우친, 딱딱한

philistine ↔ aesthete aesthete 심미안이 있는 사람, 예술 애호가

philippic [filípik] n. 필립포스 왕 공격 연설, 맹렬한 공격[매도] 연설 (웅변가 Demosthenes가 Macedonia 왕 Philip 2세를 그리

스의 적으로서 공격한 12가지의 연설) : a verbal denunciation characterized by harsh, often

insulting language; a tirade brevity : epigram :: condemnation, vituperation : philippic

philosophical [fìləsɑ fikəl / -sɔ f-] a. 철학의; 이성적인, 냉정한 1. of, relating to, or based on a system of philosophy 2. characteristic of a philosopher, as in equanimity,

enlightenment, and wisdom

phlegmatic [flegmǽtik] a. 무기력한, 게으른; 냉담한, 침착한 : IMPASSIVE

: having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional

intractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke (A = B하기 힘든) phlegmatic : unsettled :: (OPPOSITE) phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B하기 힘든) phlegmatic : vivid :: phlegmatic ↔ unsettled, spirited, vivacious, sprightly, lively, vivid, exhilarated

piddling [pídliŋ] a. 사소한, 하찮은 : TRIVIAL, PALTRY : so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration

paltry 시시한, 하찮은; 비천한, 비열한 lacking in importance or worth; wretched or contemptible restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (OPPOSITE) restive 들뜬, 안절부절 못하는; 다루기 힘든, 고집 센

piebald [pɑ ibo:ld] a. 얼룩덜룩한 : spotted or patched, especially in black and white

piebald ↔ monotonous pied ↔ solid-colored pied 얼룩인, 잡색인 patchy in color; splotched or piebald

pigment [pígmənt] n. 색소 albino : pigment :: prairie : tree (LACK) albino [ælbáinou] 백색증, 색소 결핍증

pigment : color :: spice : flavor

pilfer [pílfər] v. 훔치다, 좀도둑질을 하다 : to steal (a small amount or item)

abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE)

pillar [pílər] n. 기둥, 지주; 중심인물, 동량 : POST 1. a. a slender, freestanding, vertical support; a column b. such a structure or one similar to it used for decoration 2. one who occupies a central or responsible position

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colonnade : pillar :: queue : person colonnade 주랑

stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support stockade 방책; 울타리

derelict ↔ pillar of society derelict 폐기물; 낙오자, 부랑자

pillory [píləri] n. 오명, 조롱 v. 웃음거리로 만들다; 형틀 벌을 내리다 : a wooden framework on a post, with holes for the head

and hands, in which offenders were formerly locked to be exposed to public scorn as punishment

1. to expose to ridicule and abuse 2. to put in a pillory as punishment

punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B는 A를 공개적으로 하는 것) pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute (A = B하기 위한 도구) pillory ↔ exalt, praise publicly exalt (지위를) 높이다; 우쭐하게 하다; 칭찬/찬양하다

pilot [páilət] n. 조종사, (배의) 조타수 : HELMSMAN helmsman [hélmzmən] 조타수 a person who steers a ship

pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra

pinch [pintʃ] n. 꼬집기, 집기, 깨물기(nip); 조금, 한 번 집기; 고생, 고난 1. the act or an instance of pinching 2. an amount that can be held between thumb and

forefinger 3. a painful, difficult, or straitened circumstance 4. an emergency situation

pinch ↔ abundant amount

pine [pain] vi. 갈망하다, (갈망하여) 수척해지다 1. to feel a lingering, often nostalgic desire 2. to wither or waste away from longing or grief

longing : pine :: remorse : rue remorse 가책, 자책 moral anguish arising from repentance for past

misdeeds; bitter regret rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for

needle : pine :: leaf : oak pine ↔ show disinterest, become invigorated

pinion [pínjən] v. 속박하다 1. to disable or restrain by binding the arms 2. to bind fast : SHACKLE

pinion ↔ emancipate

pinnacle [pínəkəl] n. 정상; 정점, 절정 1. (architecture) a small turret or spire on a roof or buttress 2. a tall, pointed formation, such as a mountain peak 3. the highest pint; the culmination

pinnacle ↔ nadir, lowest point nadir 천저; (침체, 타락 등의) 밑바닥, 절망 상태

pinpoint [pínpɔ int] n. 작은(사소한) 것(일); 정확한 위치 v. 위치를 정확히 나타내다(겨누다) a. 정 한, 정확한

명사 : something extremely small or trifling / a very small or sharp point / a point on a map marking a precise location or target

동사 : To locate or identify with precision. /To take precise aim at: pinpoint a target. /To direct attention to: We pinpointed the flaws in his argument.

형용사 : Meticulously precise: measured the line with pinpoint accuracy/Extremely small; minuscule: pinpoint creatures.

pinpoint ↔ approximation, exam cursorily, imprecision pinpoint ↔ colossal, crop, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, prodigious, tremendous colossal [kəlásəl] 거 한(gigantic), 량의 gargantuan [ga:rgǽntjuən] 거 한, 엄청나게 큰

piquant [píːkənt] a. (맛이) 짜릿한, 얼얼한; 톡 쏘는, 신랄한 : SPICY

1. pleasantly pungent or tart in taste; spicy 2. a. appealingly provocative b. charming, interesting, or

attractive piquant : insipid :: (OPPOSITE) piquant : pallid :: piquant ↔ flat, vapid, insipid, pallid, balmy, bland, dull vapid (음료 등이) 맛없는, 김빠진; 생기 없는, 지루한, 재미없는 pallid 창백한, 엷은

pique [piːk] v. 화나게 하다, 자극하다; 자랑하다 1. to cause to feel resentment or indignation 2. to provoke; arouse 3. to pride (oneself)

pique ↔ mollify, gratify, calm, appease, compliment, assuage, flatter

pirate [pɑ iərət] n. 해적; 약탈자; 표절자 1. a. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea

without commission from a sovereign nation b. a ship used for this purpose 2. one who preys on others; a plunderer 3. one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another

without authorization 4. one that operates an unlicensed, illegal television or radio

station plunder 약탈/강탈하다; 훔치다

pirate : take :: forge : copy

pitch [pit∫] n. 던지기; 경사도, 각도; 최고조, 정점; 음높이 pitch : sound :: color : light

pitfall [pítf :l] n. 함정, 유혹 1. an unapparent source of trouble or danger; a hidden

hazard 2. a concealed hole in the ground that serves as a trap

pitfall ↔ safety

pith [piθ] n. 요점, 진수 : the essential or central part; the heart of essence

pith ↔ unimportant point, superficial element, insignificant part

pithy [píθi] a. 간결한, 명쾌한 1. precisely meaningful; forceful and brief 2. consisting of or resembling pith

pithy : concise :: replete : abundant pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature pithy ↔ prolix, verbose, diffuse, wordy, insubstantial, insignificant, loquacious (unsubstantial은 오답) prolix 장황한, 지루한

circumlocution ↔ pithy utters pithy ↔ incoherently prolix

pitiless [pítilis] a. 인정사정없는, 무자비한 : having no pity; merciless

pitiless ↔ clement clement 온유한, 너그러운; 온화한, 쾌적한

pittance [pítəns] n. 적은 수입; 소량 1. a meager monetary allowance, wage, or remuneration 2. a very small amount

pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A << B) rivulet 시내, 개울 a small brook or stream; a streamlet

pittance : money, allowance :: rivulet : stream (A = small B) cornucopia, abundance, crop ↔ lack, pittance

pixel [píksəl] n. 화소 image : pixel :: mosaic : tile

placate [pléikeit, plǽk-] v.t. 달래다, 위로하다

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: to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease

inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated (B는 A의 반대 동사 완료형) inalienable 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to another or

others propitiate 달래다, 진정시키다 to conciliate (an offended power);

appease irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious (OPPOSITE) irascible 화를 잘 내는, 성미 급한

placating ↔ galling gall (피부를) 스쳐서 까지게 하다; 화나게 하다

placate ↔ peeve, rile, antagonize, disconcert, surprise, gall, foment, agitate peeve 안달 나게 하다, 약 올리다 to cause to be annoyed or

resentful rile 화나게 하다 1. to stir to anger 2. to stir up (liquid); roil disconcert 침착성을 잃게 하다, 당황하게 하다

placebo [pləsíbou] n. 위약; 일시적인 위안 1. a. (medicine) a substance containing no medication and

prescribed or given to reinforce a patient's expectation to get well

b. an inactive substance or preparation used as a control in an experiment or test to determine the effectiveness of a medicinal drug

2. something of no intrinsic remedial value that is used to appease or reassure another

3. (Roman Catholic Church) the service or office of vespers(저녁 기도) for the dead

placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous innocuous 무해한, 불쾌감을 주지 않는; 재미없는, 지루한 salve [sæv] 연고, 고약; 위안; 아첨 unctuous [ʌ ŋktʃuəs] 간살을 부리는; 기름기 있는, 유성(油性)의

placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista backdrop 배경막; 사건의 배경 vista 전망, 조망; 경치; (과거의) 회상, (미래의) 예상, 전망

placebo : innocuous :: venom : noxious venom 독액; 악의, 원한 noxious 몸에 해로운, 유해한; 불건전한

placid [plǽsid] a.평온한,조용한;침착한(calm, tranquil, serene) 1. undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet 2. satisfied; complacent

placid ↔ disordered, chaotic, pell-mell pell-mell 난잡한, 뒤죽박죽인; 황급한, 당황한

plagiarize [pléidʒiəràiz, -dʒjə-] v. 도용하다, 표절하다 1. to use and pass off as one's own (the ideas or writings of

another) 2. to appropriate for use as one's own passages or ideas

from (another) plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents (베끼다) (중국 10회)

plague [pleig] n. 역병, 전염병, 재앙 v. (남을 계속) 괴롭히다, 성가시게 하다

plague ↔ comfort

plainspoken [pleinspóukən] a. 솔직히 말하는; 노골적인 : frank; straightforward; blunt

feigned ↔ plainspoken

plaintive [pléintiv] a. 구슬픈, 슬픔을 자아내는, 불쌍한, 애처로운 expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy

plaintive : sorrow ::

plangent [plǽndʒənt] a. 떠들썩한; 구슬프게 울려 퍼지는 1. loud and resounding

2. expressing or suggesting sadness; plaintive plaintive 구슬픈, 애처로운 expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy

plangent ↔ muffled, muted

plantation [plæntéi∫:ən] n. 재배지, 농장; 식민지 1. an area under cultivation 2. a group of cultivated trees or plants 3. a large estate or farm on which crops are raised, often by

resident workers 4. a newly established settlement; a colony

plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria

plasticity [plæstísəti] n. 가소성, 유연성 plasticity ↔ rigidity

plateau [plætóu] n. 고원, 지; 학습의 정체기 1. an elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a

tableland 2. a relatively stable level, period, or state

plateau : change :: respite : activity (LACK)

platitude [plǽtətjùːd] n. 진부한 이야기; 진부, 평범 1. a trite or banal remark or statement, especially one

expressed as if it were original or significant 2. lack of originality; triteness

postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (EQUAL) postulate 요구하다; 가정하다

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude ↔ original observation

plaudit [plɔ ːdət] n. 박수 (갈채); 철찬, 열렬한 칭찬 : enthusiastic expression of praise or approval

plaudit ↔ disapprobation, harsh criticism, unfavorable criticism

plausible [plɔ ːzəbəl] a. 그럴듯한, 말주변이 좋은 1. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable;

credible 2. giving a deceptive impression of truth, acceptability, or

reliability; specious 예; a plausible storyteller 말재주 있는 사람 * implausable adj. 정말 같지 않은, 믿기 어려운, 미심쩍은

rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible (rationalize = to make plausible. obfuscate = to make indiscernible)

rationalize ~을 합리적으로 설명하다, (무리하게, 억지로) 합리화하다 implausible ↔ believable, credible plausible ↔ unlikely, equivocal, far-fetched, improbable, unsubstantial, flimsy

plausible, reasonable ↔ incoherent, incredible incoherent (논의 등이) 논리적 맥락이 없는, 지리멸렬한, 볼품없는

playbill [pléibil] n. 연극 프로그램, 선전 전단 A poster announcing a theatrical performance

playbill : cast :: letter : signature :: recipe : ingredient (A have B) playbill : actor :: letter : signature :: recipe : ingredient (A have B)

pleat [pli:t] n. 주름 : a fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and

then pressing or stitching it into place perforate : hole :: pleat : fold

plebeian [pləbí:ən] a. 평민의, 중의, 보통의, 천한 n. 평민, 서민 fusty : freshness :: plebeian: prestige

plenitude [plénitu:d] n. 충분, 풍부; 완전함 1. an ample amount or quantity; an abundance 2. the condition of being full, ample, or complete

plenitude ↔ dearth

pleonasm [plíːənæ zəm] n. 용어법/과다 표현/장황한 말 : the use of more words than those necessary to denote mere

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sense (as in the man he said) : REDUNDANCY pleonasm ↔ succintness

plethora [pléθərə] n. 과다, 과잉 : a superabundance; an excess

plethora ↔ dearth, shortage, paucity, scarcity, scantiness

pliable [plɑ iəb:əl] a. 유연한, 휘기 쉬운; 유순한, 적응성이 있는 1. easily bent or shaped 2. receptive to change; adaptable 3. easily influenced, persuaded, or swayed; tractable

pliable : influence :: testy : annoy pliable : influenced :: censorious : condemnatory (A = easily B) censorious 비판적인, 까다로운 highly critical; expressing censure condemnatory 비난의; 처벌의, 유죄 선고의

pliable : inflexible :: static : move pliable : manipulate :: marketable : sell pliable ↔ rigid, pertinacious

pliant [pláiənt] a. 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 융통성 있는 1. easily bent or flexed; pliable 2. easily altered or modified to fit conditions; adaptable 3. yielding readily to influence or domination; compliant

pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish 간지럼을 잘 타는; 화를 잘 내는, 신경질적인

pliant : indomitable :: modular : differentiated (OPPOSITE) indomitable 불굴의 incapable of being overcome, subdued, or

vanquished; unconquerable modular (일정한 규격의) 모듈로 이루어진

pliant : yield :: evanescent : disappear pliant ↔ unyielding, mulish. obdurate, obstinate, intransigent, intractable, incorrigible, unbending, rigid, inflexible, inelastic

plight [plait] n. 처지, 입장; 궁지, 곤경 : a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one

plight ↔ favorable condition

plod [plɑd / plɔd] v. 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다; 꾸준히 일하다 1. to move or walk heavily or laboriously; trudge 2. to work or act perseveringly or monotonously; drudge

drudge 힘들고 단조로운 일을 꾸준히 하다 to do tedious, unpleasant, or menial work plod ↔ flit flit 휙 움직이다, 경쾌하게 돌아다니다 to move about rapidly and

nimbly nimble 날렵한, 민첩한; 눈치 빠른, 재치 있는

plodding ↔ easy and light, meteoric

plot [plɑt / plɔt] v. 몰래 계획하다, 획책하다; 줄거리를 잡다, 구상하다

cabal : association :: plot : plan cabal [kəbǽl] 도당

joke : punch line :: plot : denouement choreography : dance :: plot : story (A = B를 구성) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B하기 위한 수단) taunt 악담을 퍼붓다, 꾸짖다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or

contemptuous manner outwit 계략으로 앞서다 to surpass in cleverness or cunning;

outsmart infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) infiltrate 침입하다, 침투하다

plot : plan :: inveigle : interest inveigle 유인하다, (속여서) 끌어내다 cajole 감언으로 꾀다 to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,

teasing, or flattery; wheedle wheedle 구슬리다, 그럴듯한 말로 속이다

pluck [plʌk] v. 잡아 뜯다, 뽑다, 당기다 n. 뜯어내기, 홱 당기기; 용기 v. 1. to remove or detach by grasping and pulling abruptly

with the fingers; pick 2. to pull out the hair or feathers of 3. to remove abruptly or forcibly 4. to give an abrupt pull to n. resourceful courage and daring in the face of difficulties;

spirit * plucky 용기 있는, 용감한, 씩씩한, 단호한

pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (A하면 B하기 어렵다) grovel 굴복하다, 비굴한 태도를 취하다; 천박한 환락에 빠지다

horn : blow :: harp : pluck(잡아 뜯다) pluck ↔ cowardice, coward, spinelessness pluck ↔ insert plucky ↔ craven plucky 용기 있는, 씩씩한, 단호한 having or showing courage and

spirit in trying circumstances

plumage [plú:midʒ] n. (장식용) 깃털; 아름다운 옷, 예복 1. the covering of feathers on a bird 2. feathers used ornamentally 3. elaborate dress; finery

plumage : bird :: foliage : bush

plumb [plʌm] v. 깊이를 재다, 조사하다 a. 수직인, 철저한 1. to determine the depth of with a plumb; sound 2. to test the verticality or alignment of with a plumb 3. to straighten or make perpendicular 4. to examine closely or deeply; probe

plumb : depth :: assess : value :: verify : accuracy assess [əsés] (과세 결정을 위해) 평가하다 to estimate the value of

(property) for taxation plumb : depth :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: survey : poll :: gauge : pressure

unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary : anonymous : identity unplumbed 헤아릴 수 없는(unfathomed) vagary 엉뚱한 짓 an extravagant or erratic notion or action

plumb ↔ examine cursorily/superficially plumb ↔ horizontal

plummet [plʌ mit] v. 수직으로 떨어지다; 급격히 쇠퇴하다 1. to fall straight down 2. to decline suddenly and steeply

fall, descend : plummet :: move : dart :: utter : blurt (A << B) dart 쌔게 던지다, 돌진하다 to move suddenly and rapidly

plummet : fall :: swerve : turn (A >> B) swerve 빗나가다, 이탈하다 to turn aside or be turned aside from a

straight course waft : plummet :: meander : dash (OPPOSITE) waft (공중 등을) 떠돌다 to cause to go gently and smoothly through

the air or over water plummet : ascend :: (OPPOSITE) plummet ↔ ascend, rise sharply

plump [plʌmp] a. 통통한, 살찐; 풍부한 1. well-rounded and full in form; chubby 2. abundant; ample

svelte ↔ plump svelte 날씬한, 유연한; 세련되고 품위 있는 slender or graceful in

figure or outline; slim

plurality [pluərǽləti] n. 다수, 복수 1. the state or fact of being plural 2. a large number or amount; a multitude

plurality ↔ rarity

plutocracy [plu:tákrəsi] n. 금권 정치; 부호 계급, 재벌 1. government by the wealthy 2. a wealthy class that controls a government 3. a government or state in which the wealthy rule

plutocracy : wealth :: gerontocracy : age gerontocracy 장로 정치, 노인 지배

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podiatry [pədáiətri] n. 족병학 podiatrist : feet :: dermatologist : skin

podium [póudiəm] n. 연설하는 곳/연설단 1 : a low wall serving as a foundation or terrace wall: as a. one around the arena of an ancient amphitheater serving

as a base for the tiers of seats b. the masonry under the stylobate of a temple 2 a. a dais especially for an orchestral conductor b. LECTERN

polarize [póuləràiz] v. 편광시키다; 립시키다 1. to induce polarization in; impart polarity to 2. to cause to concentrate about two conflicting or

contrasting positions * polarity n. 극성, 정반 , 양극성

polarity ↔ coalescence, reconciliation, accord, connection polarize ↔ make compatible, unify, coalesce coalesce 합체하다, 합병하다, 융합하다

polemic [pəlémik, pou-] n. 반론, 논쟁; 논쟁가 1. a controversial argument, especially one refuting or

attacking a specific opinion or doctrine 2. a person engaged in or inclined to controversy, argument,

or refutation polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive invective 독설, 저주, 악담

polemical ↔ compromising, conciliatory, congruent conciliate 달래다, 회유하다; 조화시키다

poach [poutʃ] v. 끓는 물에 넣어 삶다 to cook in a boiling or simmering liquid

poach : cook :: (A는 B의 방법)

polish [pɑ liʃ / pɔ l-] v. 닦다, 윤을 내다; 세련되게 하다; 흠/결점을 없애다 1. to make smooth and shiny by rubbing or chemical action 2. to remove the outer layers from(grains of rice) by

rotation in drums 3. to free from coarseness; refine 4. to remove flaws from; perfect or complete

rustic, untutored, gauche ↔ polished rustic 시골의; 소박한, 꾸밈없는; 촌스러운, 거친, 상스러운 gauche 버릇없는, 눈치 없는; 서투른, 미숙한 lacking social polish;

tactless

politic [pɑ litik / pɔ l-] a. 사려 깊은, 현명한; 타당한, 적절한; 교활한, 빈틈없는 1. using or marked by prudence, expedience, and

shrewdness; artful 2. using, displaying, or proceeding from policy; judicious 3. crafty; cunning

politic : offend :: aloof : associate politic ↔ unsophisticated, injudicious, officious, tactless, maladroit, unwise officious 참견하는, 주제넘게 나서는

pollster [póulstər] n. 여론 조사원 : one that takes public-opinion surveys; polltaker

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent 해설자; 주창자 one that speaks for, represents, or

advocates advocate 변호/옹호하다 to speak, plead, or argue in favor of canvass 면 히 조사하다; 선거운동을 하다; 여론조사를 하다

pollyanna [pɑ liǽnə / pɔ l-] n. 극단적인 낙천주의자 : a person regarded as being foolishly or blindly optimistic

polymorphous [p limɔ :rfəs|pɔ -] a. 여러 형태의, 다양한

polymorphous ↔ invariant

pompous [pɑ mpəs / pɔ m-] a. 오만한,뽐내는; 과장된, 허풍을 떠는 1. characterized by excessive self-esteem or exaggerated

dignity; pretentious 2. full of high-sounding phrases; bombastic * pomp n.

pompous : bombast :: nonsensical : drivel :: exaggerated : hyperbole bombast 과장된 말, 호언장담 grandiloquent, pompous speech or

writing pompous : confident :: garish : colorful (A >> B) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff 조롱하다, 놀리다 to mock at or treat with derision bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 지껄이다 to talk idly and at length; chatter

pomp ↔ simplicity, modesty, unpretentiousness pompous ↔ modest

ponder [pɑ ndər|pɔ n-] v. 잘 생각하다, 심사숙고하다 : to reflect or consider with thoroughness and care

ponder : consider :: scrutinize : observe (A>>B)

ponderable [pɑ nd:ərəb:əl] a. 숙고할 만한; 무게가 있는, 무게를 잴 수 있는 : considerable enough to be weighted or assessed;

appreciable ponderable ↔ inappreciable

ponderous [pɑ ndərəs / pɔ n-] a. 육중한; 지루한, 답답한 1. having great weight 2. unwieldy from weight or bulk 3. lacking grace or fluency; labored and dull

ponderous ↔ ethereal, gossamer, lively, slight ethereal [iθíəriəl] 가벼운, 희박한; 우아한, 절묘한; 영적인, 천상의

ponderous ↔ vibrant, brisk, graceful and light, frisky vibrant 진동하는, 울려 퍼지는; (활력 등으로) 가득 찬, 맥동하는; 원

기 왕성한, 정력적인 brisk 활발한, 기운찬; 상쾌한 frisky 쾌활한, 까불어 는 energetic, lively, and playful

pontificate [pɑntífikèit / pɔn-] v. 거드름을 피우다, 오만한 태도

를 보이다; 주교직을 수행하다 1. to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic

way 2. to administer the office of a pontiff

dogma 교리, 교의; 정설, 정견; 독단 pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate: aimless scoff 비웃음, 조롱, 조소 an expression of derision or scorn bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate 재잘재잘 지껄이다, 수다를 떨다 to talk idly and at length;

chatter pontificate : speak :: strut, swagger : walk strut 뽐내며 걷다 to walk with pompous bearing; swagger swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다

pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL) peeve 안달 나게 하다, 약 올리다 to cause to be annoyed or resentful

pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade rodomontade n. a. v. 허풍, 허풍떠는, 허풍떨다 swagger 뽐내며 걷다; 허풍을 떨다

pontificate ↔ comment tentatively, suggest diffidently, speak tentatively, speak modestly, speak calmly, speak diffidently tentative 임시의, 일시적인; 머뭇거리는, 결단력이 없는 diffident 자신 없는, 수줍어하는; 삼가는, 조심성 있는

pontifical ↔ humble, meek meek 온순한, 온화한; 패기 없는, 굴종적인

porcelain [pɔ ːrsəlin] n. 자기

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clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (재료) glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: veneer : furniture glaze 유리를 끼우다; 유약을 바르다, 광택제를 바르다 veneer [vəníər] 화장판; 겉치레, 허식

pore [pɔːr] n. 구멍, 공극 pore : membrane :: door : room

porcine [pɔ :rsain] a. 돼지 같은, 탐욕스러운, 불결한 porcine : pig :: leonine : lion

porous [pɔ ːrəs] a. 다공성의; 스며드는, 침투성의 1. full of or having pores 2. admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or

interstices 3. easily crossed or penetrated

fragile : break :: porous : penetrate porous : liquid :: transparent : light porous ↔ impenetrable

portentous [pɔːrténtəs] a. 불길한, 흉조의; 경이적인, 놀랄만한 1. of the nature of or constituting a portent; foreboding 2. full of unspecifiable significance; exciting wonder and

awe * portent [pɔ :rtent] n. (불길한) 징후, 전조; 경이적인 것/사

람 1. an indication of something important or calamitous

about to occur; an omen 2. prophetic or threatening significance 3. something amazing or marvelous; a prodigy

portentous ↔ regular, insipid, insignificant, inconsequential

portfolio [po:rtfóuliou] n. 서류 가방; 유가 증권 명세표 1. a. a portable case for holding material, such as loose

papers, photographs, or drawings b. the materials collected in such a case, especially when

representative of a person's work 2. the office or post of a cabinet member or minister of

state 3. a group of investments

portfolio : securities :: dossier : reports security 안전, 무사; 안심, 안도; 방위, 방어; 담보, 차용; 유가 증

권(stocks and bonds) dossier 어떤 문제에 관한 서류 일습

portrait [pɔ ːrtrit, -treit] n. 초상화 portrait : painting :: jazz : music :: biography : history portrait : person :: seascape : ocean seascape 바다 경치/사진 a view or picture of the sea

poseur [pouzə ːr] n. 젠체하는 사람 : one who affects a particular attitude, character, or

manner to impress others poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness (LACK) stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected stickler 까다로운 사람; 난문(難問) derelict 버림받은, 유기된; 태만한, 무책임한

poseur ↔ sincere person, sincerity

posit [pɑ zit / pɔ z-] v. ∼에 두다, 놓다; 사실로 가정하다 : POSTULATE

1. to affirm or assume the existence of; postulate 2. to put forward, as for consideration or study; suggest 3. to place firmly in position

posit, postulate ↔ deny as false, deny

posterity [pɑstérəti / pɔs-] n. 자손, 후 1. future generations 2. all of a person's descendants

postulate [pɑ stʃəlèit / pɔ s-] v. 요구하다; 사실로 가정하다 1. to make claim for; demand 2. to assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of,

especially as a basis of an argument 3. to assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted

postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (CHARACTER) postulate ↔ deny as false

posture [pɑ stʃər /pɔ s-] v. 뽐내는 자세를 취하다; 태도를 취하다 1. to assume an exaggerated or unnatural pose or mental

attitude; attitudinize 2. to assume a pose

attitudinize 점잔빼며 말하다/쓰다 to assume an affected attitude posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A=B아닌 사람) posture ↔ behave naturally

pot [pɑt / pɔt] n. 단지, 항아리; 통발 lobster : pot :: (B = A를 잡는 도구)

potable [póutəbəl] a. 음료로 적합한 : DRINKABLE : fit to drink

water : potable :: meat : edible potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling habitable 살 수 있는, 살기에 알맞은 suitable to ive in or on;

inhabitable potable ↔ undrinkable

potboiler [pátbɔilər|pɔ t-] n. (돈벌이를 위한) 문학/예술 작품 : a literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly

for profit doggerel : verse :: potboiler : article

potentate [póutəntèit] n. 세력가, 유력자; 군주, 지배자 1. one who has the power and position to rule over others; a

monarch 2. one who dominate or leads a group or an endeavor

virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power (A have B) potentate ↔ subject, powerless person subject 신하, 가신, 피통치자; 주제; 교과목

potentiate [pouténʃièit] v. 유력하게 하다, 약효를 높이다 1. to make potent or powerful 2. to enhance or increase the effect of (a drug) 3. to promote or strengthen (a biochemical or physiological

action or effect) deactivate ↔ potentiate

pout [paut] v. 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다; (입술이) 튀어나오다 : SULK

1. to exhibit displeasure or disappointment; sulk 2. to protrude the lips in an expression of displeasure or

sulkiness sulk 뿌루퉁해지다, 골을 내다 to be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in

silent resentment or protest sullen 시무룩한, 무뚝뚝한; 언짢은, 음침한

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince 주춤하다, 움츠러들다 to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain

or distress pout ↔ grin grin 밝게 웃다 to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or

good humor mirth 환희, 유쾌함 gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by

laughter

pragmatic [prægmǽtik] adj. 실리(실용)적인 * practical adj. 실천에 관한, 실제로 쓸모 있는, 유용한, 실용적

인

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starry-eyed : pragmatic :: (OPPOSITE) impractical ↔ realized

prairie [prɛəri] n. (미시시피강 유역의) 평원 : an extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless

grassland, especially the large tract or plain of central North America

albino : pigment :: prairie : tree albino [ælbáinou] 백색증, 색소 결핍증

prate [preit] vi. 재잘 다 : CHATTER : to talk idly and at length

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff 조소하다, 놀리다 to mock at or treat with derision

prate : talk :: cavil : object (A=사소한 것까지 B하는 것) prate : speak :: saunter : walk saunter 어슬렁거리며 돌아다니다 to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll

preach [priːtʃ] v. 설교하다, 전도하다; 권유하다 1. to proclaim or put forth in a sermon 2. to advocate, especially to urge acceptance of or

compliance with 3. to deliver (a sermon)

nitpicker : criticism :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil nitpick 사소한 일을 트집 잡다 to be concerned with or find fault

with insignificant details

preamble [prí:æ b:əl] n. 전문, 서문, 머리말 1. a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a

formal document that serves to explain its purpose 2. an introductory occurrence or fact; a preliminary

precarious [prikɛ əriəs] a. 불안정한, 미덥지 않은; 위험한; 근거가 불충분한

1. dangerously lacking in security or stability 2. subject to chance or unknown conditions 3. based on uncertain, unwarranted, or unproved premises

precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy (A lack B) spent 다 써버린; 끝난; (효험 등이) 없는 efficacy 유효성, (약 등의) 효험 power or capacity to produce a

desired effect; effectiveness impervious : penetrable :: precarious : stable precarious ↔ stable, safe, secure, firmly grounded, certain

precaution 1. an action taken in advance to protect against possible

danger or failure; a safeguard 2. caution practiced in advance; forethought or

circumspection

precedent [présədənt] n. 전례 a. 앞서는 n. 1. a. an act or instance that may be used as an example

in dealing with subsequent similar instances b. (law) a judicial decision that may be used as a standard

in subsequent similar cases 2. convention or custom arising from long practice

preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession preempt 선점하다; 사물화(私物化) 하다

unique : precedent :: unexceptionable : oppose :: infinite : end unexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedent unexceptionable 비판의 여지가 없는, 훌륭한 beyond any

reasonable objection; irreproachable precede v. 선행하다, 앞서다, 우선하다 precede ↔ ensue

precipice [présəpis] n. 절벽, 벼랑; 위기, 궁지 1. an overhanging or extremely steep mass of rock, such as

a crag or the face of a cliff 2. the brink of a dangerous or disastrous situation

* precipitous 가파른 precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness defile v. 더럽히다, 불결하게 하다; 모독하다, 훼손하다 n. 좁은 길/골

짜기, 일렬종 precipitous ↔ level, gradual sloping level 평지, 평원

precipitant [prisípitənt] a. 곤두박이치는; 경솔한 n. 침전제 n. a substance that causes a precipitate to form when it is

added to a solution solvent ↔ precipitant

precipitate [prisípətèit] v. 곤두박질치게 하다; 재촉하다 a. 느닷

없는, 다급한 1. to throw from or as if from a great height; hurl downward 2. to cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely

precipitate ↔ retard, dilatory, deliberate, impede, forestall

precipitation [prisìpətéiʃən] n. 낙하, 추락; 재촉, 촉진; 강수량, 강설량

snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (snow는 precipitation 강수의 종류, hurricane은 cyclone(미국식 사고방식에 따르면 cyclone은 일반적 열대성 저기압)의 종류)

precipitous [prisípətəs] a. 깎아지른 듯한, 급경사의; 허둥 는 1. resembling a precipice; extremely steep 2. having several precipices 3. extremely rapid, hasty, or abrupt; precipitate

precipice 절벽, 벼랑; 위기 plateau : precipitous :: (OPPOSITE) plateau [plætóu] 고원지 ; 안정기 a relatively stable level, period, or

state precipitous ↔ level, gradually sloping, slope slowly, guadual

preclude [priklúːd] v. 가로막다, 불가능하게 하다, 배제(제외)하다, 배척하다 : PREVENT

1. to make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent 2. to exclude or prevent (someone0 from a given condition or

activity preclude ↔ to make possible preclude ↔ enclose (막다, 배제하다 ↔ 둘러싸다, 포함하다)

precocity [prikɑ səti / -kɔ s-] n. 조숙 1. exceptionally early in development or occurrence 2. exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age

precursor [prikə ːrsər, príːkəːr-] n. 선구자; 조짐 1. one that precedes and indicates, suggests, or announces

someone or something to come 2. one that precedes another; a forerunner or predecessor

precursory ↔ derivative precursor ↔ sequel, sequela, sucessor, descendant, offspring sequel [sí:kwəl] 속편, 후편; 귀결, 결론 sequela [sikwí:lə] 후유증

predecessor [prédisèsər, --- - / príːdisèsər ] n. 전임자; 조상 1. one who precedes another in time, especially in holding an

office or a position 2. something that has been succeeded by another

legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor

predestine [pridéstin] v. 미리 운명 짓다 1. to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain 2. (theology) to foreordain or elect by divine will or decree

foreordain [fɔ:rɔ:rdéin] 운명을 미리 정하다 to determine or appoint beforehand; predestine predestine ↔ leave to chance

predilection [prìːdəlékʃən, pred-] n. 편애 : a partiality or disposition in favor of something; a

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preference predilection ↔ propensity to dislike propensity 경향, 성향 an innate inclination; a tendency

predicate [prédəkeit] v. ~을 ~라고 단언하다, ~을 함축(암시)하다 [prédəkit] adj. 단정된, 서술된 1. to base or establish (a statement or an action, for

example): He predicates his argument on the facts. 2. to state or affirm as an attribute or a quality of

something: The sermon predicated the perfectibility of humankind

3. to carry the connotation of; imply 4. logic. to make (a term or an expression) the predicate of

a proposition 5. to proclaim or assert; declare

preeminent [priémənənt] a. 돋보이는, 탁월한:OUTSTANDING : superior to or notable above all others * preeminence 탁월, 출중, 우위, 상위

preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preponderance 우세, 우월 superiority in weight, force, importance,

or influence efface ↔ bring to preeminent preeminent ↔ negligible, subsidiary preeminence ↔ neligibility, unimportance

preempt [priémpt] v. 선점하다; 사물(私物)화하다 1. to appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others 2. a. to take the place of; displace b. to have precedence or predominance over 3. to gain possession of by prior right or opportunity,

especially to settle on (public land) so as to obtain the right to buy before others

preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession

preen [priːn] v. (부리로 날개를) 다듬다, 멋 부리다; 우쭐 다 : PRIMP

1. a. to smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak or bill b. to trim or clean (fur) with the tongue, as cats do 2. to dress or groom (oneself) with elaborate care; primp 3. to take pride or satisfaction in (oneself); gloat

preen : self-satisfaction :: fume : anger (A = B를 보이다) fume (연기, 증기 등이) 피어오르다; 화가 나다, 흥분하다

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub dissemble 속이다, 가장하다 raffish 천한, 저속한, 싸구려의, 방탕한 snub 핀잔을 주다; 거절하다

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine preen ↔ ruffle, rumple ruffle 물결을 일으키다, 주름지게 하다, 헝클어 놓다; 성나게 하다,

짜증나게 하다 rumple 주름지게 하다 to wrinkle or form into folds or creases

preface [préfis] n. 서문 1. a. a preliminary statement or essay introducing a book

that explains its scope, intention, or background and is usually written by the author

b. an introductory section, as of a speech 2. something introductory; a preliminary

preface : book :: overture : symphony preface ↔ epilogue, afterword, conclusion, appendix prefatory ↔ conclusive

preference [préfərəns] n. 애호, 우위 preference : insistence ::

prefigure [priːfígjər] v. 미리 형상화하다, 예상하다 1. to suggest, indicate, or represent by an antecedent form

or model; presage or foreshadow 2. to imagine or picture to oneself in advance

prefiguration ↔ derivative derivative a. n. 유도물, 파생물

pregnant [prégnənt] a. 임신한;다산의,충만한,가득한;의미심장한 : INVENTIVE 1. carrying developing offspring within the body 2. a. weighty or significant; full of meaning b. of great or potentially great import, implication, or

moment 3. filled or fraught; replete 4. having a profusion of ideas; creative or inventive 5. producing results; fruitful

fraught 내포한, ...으로 가득 찬 replete 가득 찬, 충만한; 포식한

inane ↔ expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty inane 어리석은, 무의미한; 공허한, 텅 빈 lacking sense or substance;

empty

prehensile [prihénsil, -sail] adj. 잡기에 적당한 prehensile ↔ unable to grasp

prejudice [préd¥ədis] n. 편견,선입관 v. 편견을 품게 하다 1. a. an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or

without knowledge or examination of the facts b. a preconceived preference or idea

2. the act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions

3. irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion

4. detriment or injury caused to a person by the preconceived, unfavorable conviction of another or others

prejudiced ↔ disinterested

preliminary [prilímənèri / -nəri] a. 예비의, 서두의, 준비의 : prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or

business; introductory or prefatory

premeditated [priːmédətèitid] a. 미리 계획된 : characterized by deliberate purpose, previous consideration,

and some degree of planning premeditated ↔ impulsive, offhand, extemporized, accidental, spontaneous, unintentional, inadvertent, chance

chance a. 우연한, 뜻밖의

premonition [priməní∫ən] n. 예감, 징조 1. a presentiment of the future; a foreboding 2. a warning in advance; a forewarning

preoccupation [pri:ɑ kjəpèi∫:ən] n. 열중, 몰두; 선입관, 편견 1. the state of being preoccupied; absorption of the attention

or intellect 2. something that preoccupies or engrosses the mind 3. occupation of a place in advance; preoccupancy

impartial : preoccupation :: preoccupation ↔ unconcern

preponderant [pripɑ ndərənt / -pɔ n-] a. 우세한, 압도적인 : having superior weight, force, importance, or influence * preponderance

preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preeminent 탁월한, 출중한 superior to or notable above all others;

outstanding preponderant ↔ commensurate, secondary, subordinate, unimportant, subsidiary, insignificant, concomitant, negligible, minor, lesser (subsequent는 오답) commensurate 같은, 동등한; 같은 단위로 잴 수 있는; 규형 잡힌, 비

례가 맞는 subsidiary 보조의, 보충하는; 부수적인; 보조금의 concomitant 공존하는; 부수하는 occurring or existing concurrently;

attendant

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preponderance ↔ minor, lesser, insignificance

prepossessing [prìːpəzésiŋ] a. 매력적인 : ATTRACTIVE : serving to impress favorably; pleasing

unprepossessing ↔ entrancing, winsome entrancing 매혹적인 entrance n. 입장, 현관 v. 넋을 잃게 하다, 매혹하다 trance 황홀, 열중; 혼수상태, 인사불성 winsome 사람을 끄는, 매력 있는; 명랑한 charming, often in a

childlike or naive way

preposterous [pripɑ stərəs / -pɔ s-] a. 상식을 벗어난, 불합리한 : contrary to nature, reason. or common sense; absurd

preposterous ↔ commonsensical, reasonable, logical, rational

prerogative [prirágətiv|-ɔ g-] n. 특권, 특전; (남보다 뛰어난) 자질 1. an exclusive right or privilege held by a person or group,

especially a hereditary or official right 2. the exclusive right and power to command, decide, rule,

or judge 3. a natural gift or advantage that confers superiority 4. characteristic superiority; preeminence

presage [présidʒ, priséidʒ] n. 조짐; 예지; v. 예감(예지)하다 : FORETELL, PREDICT

1. an indication or a warning of a future occurrence; an omen

2. a feeling or an intuition of what is going to occur; a presentiment

3. prophetic significance or meaning harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify harbinger 선구자; 전조, 조짐 one that indicates or foreshadows

what is to come; a forerunner archetype 원형, 모범, 전형

prescience [préʃiəns, príː-] n. 예지, 선견 : knowledge of actions or events before they occur;

foresight dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict (clairvoyant : oversee는 오답)

prescience : future :: erudition : esoteric prescience : myopia :: mercurial : commitment prescience : foresee :: prescience ↔ myopia myopia 근시; 통찰력 결여, 근시안적임

prescription [priskrípʃən] n. 처방 * prescribe v. 정하다, 명하다, 지시하다; 처방하다; 규정하다

overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention indiscretion 무분별, 경솔, 부주의

prescribe ↔ divest, relieve, follow

presentiment [prizéntəmənt] n. 예감, 육감 : PREMONITION : a sense that something is about to occur; a premonition

premonition 예감, 징조

preservative [prizə ːrvətiv] n. 방부제 censorship : communication :: preservative : decay :: seal : leakage preservative : decay :: anchor : drift, shift

press [pres] v. 다; 눌러 펴다(iron); (행동 등을) 고 나아가다, 강요하다, 공격(압박)하다

press ↔ withdrawal

prestige [prestíːdʒ, préstidʒ] n. 명성, 신망; 저명, 인기 1. the level of respect at which one is regarded by others;

standing 2. a person's high standing among others; honor or esteem 3. widely recognized prominence, distinction, or importance

eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor abase : prestige :: damp : ardor

presumptuous [prizʌ mptʃuəs] a. 뻔뻔스러운, 막무가내의 INSOLENT : going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward

transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety transgress (한도, 범위 등을) 넘다; (법 등을) 어기다 propriety 예의바름, 단정, 적절함, 타당성

presumptuous : unruly :: unruly 제어하기 어려운, 주체할 수 없는 difficult or impossible to

discipline, control, or rule presumptuous ↔ humble

pretend [priténd] v. 꾸미다, 가장하다; 거짓말하다 1. to give a false appearance of; feign 2. to claim or allege insincerely or falsely; profess 3. to represent fictitiously in play; make believe 4. to take upon oneself; venture * pretense [priténs] n. 속임수, 허위; 핑계, 겉치레 * pretentious adj.

pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove pretentious ↔ unaffected, unassuming

preternatural [prìːtərnǽtʃərəl] a. 초자연적인, 불가사의한 1. out of or being beyond the normal course of nature;

differing from the natural 2. surpassing the normal or usual; extraordinary 3. transcending the natural or material order; supernatural

preternatural ↔ ordinary, prosaic

prevail [privéil] vi. 널리 퍼지다, 유행되고 있다; 우세하다 : TRIUMPH

1. to be greater in strength or influence; triumph 2. to be or become effective; win out 3. to be most common or frequent; be predominant 4. to be in force, use, or effect; be current

prevail ↔ yield

prevalent [prévələnt] a. 널리 퍼진, 유행하는 : widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or

practiced prevalent ↔ unusual, absent

prevalence ↔ absence, rareness

prevaricate [privǽrəkèit] vi. 얼버무리다 : EQUIVOCATE : to stray from or evade the truth

blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth prevaricator : mislead :: philanthropist : endow prevaricate : candid :: prevarication ↔ veracity veracity 진실을 말하기; 정직, 진실

prickly [príkli] a. 가시가 많은; 따끔따끔 아픈, 쑤시는; 성가신 1. having prickles 2. marked by prickling or tingling or smarting 3. a. causing trouble or vexation; thorny b. bristling or

irritable prickly ↔ smooth

prim [prim] adj. 꼼꼼한, 단정한, 깔끔한 prim ↔ improper/informal

prime [praim] a. 주요한, 탁월한, 최고의; 최초의, 초기의; 근본의, 기본적인 1. first in excellence, quality, or value 2. first in degree or rank; chief 3. first or early in time, order, or sequence; original

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prime ↔ uninitial

primordial [praimɔ ːrdiəl] a. 최초의, 근본적인 1. being or happening first in sequence of time; original 2. primary or fundamental

primordial ↔ most recent

primp [primp] v. 꼼꼼하게 맵시내다 : to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive

attention to detail primp : vain :: gloat : smug gloat 만족스럽게 바라보다 to feel or express great, often malicious,

pleasure or self-satisfaction smug 자부심이 강한, 독선적인; 깔끔한, 말쑥한

principal [prínsəpəl] a. 주요한, 주된 n. (단체의) 장, 우두머리 1. first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or

degree; chief 2. of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal

in a financial transaction queen : monarch :: principal : administrator principal ↔ subordinate

principled [prínsəpld] a. 주의를 가진, 절조 있는, 주의가 ~인 principled ↔ unscrupulous

prissy [prísi] a. 몹시 깔끔한, 까다로운 : FINICKY : excessively or affectedly prim and proper

pristine [prístiːn, -tain] a. 초기의, 원시 상태의; 오염되지 않은, 소박한 : PURE

1. a. remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization b. remaining free from dirt or decay; clean

2. of, relating to, or typical of the earliest time or condition; primitive or original

pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation :: still : movement adulterate : pristine :: dismantle : united pristine : blemish :: blemish n. v. 흠, 오점, 결점 to mar or impair by a flaw

pristine ↔ tainted, squalid, contaminated, corrupted by civilization, decayed taint 더럼, 얼룩; 부패, 타락; 불명예, 오명 to become affected with

decay or putrefaction; spoil squalid 지저분한, 누추한; 비열한

privation [praivéi∫ən] n. 결여, 궁핍 상실; 박탈, 몰수 1. a. lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life

b. the condition resulting from such lack 2. an act, condition, or result of deprivation or loss

privation ↔ repletion repletion 충만, 충실, 완비

privilege [prívəlidʒ] n. 특권 : PREROGATIVE prerogative 특권, 특전; (남보다 뛰어난) 자질

probe [proub] v. 엄 히 조사하다 1. to explore with or as if with a probe 2. to delve into; investigate

probity [próubəti, prɑ b-] n. 청렴, 정직 : complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness

probity : disingenuous :: 정직 : 부정직한 probity ↔ mendacity, unscrupulousness, shiftiness, duplicity, shiftiness, crookedness (impertinence는 오답) scrupulous 양심적인, 신중한; 세심한, 면 한 shifty 교활한, 간사한; 날쌘, 붙잡기 어려운; 수단이 좋은 crooked 마음이 비뚤어진

proclivity [prouklívəti] n. 성향 : a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition

proclivity ↔ aversion, antipathy, disinclination

procrastinate [proukrǽstənèit] v. 늑장부리다, 꾸물거리다 : to put off doing something, especially out of habitual

carelessness or laziness dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain malcontent 불만이 있는, 비판적인 dissatisfied with existing conditions

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE) husbandry 농업, 경작, 축산; 검약, 절약

procrastinate ↔ hasten, rush procrastination ↔ diligence

procure [proukjúər, prə-] v.t. 획득하다 : to get by special effort; obtain or acquire 1. to get by special effort; obtain or acquire 2. to bring about; effect 3. to obtain for another (a person) for sex acts

procure ↔ relinquish

prod [prɑd / prɔd] v.t. 쿡쿡 찌르다; 자극하다, 격려하다 : STIR 1. to jab or poke, as with a pointed object 2. to goad to action; incite

doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod doze 선잠자다, 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다 nudge 팔꿈치로 살짝 찌르다; 주의를 끌다

rein ↔ prod rein 고삐; 제어 수단, 견제; 통제력, 제어권

prodigal [prɑ digəl / prɔ d-] a. 낭비하는 : LAVISH 1. rashly or wastefully extravagant 2. marked by rash or wasteful extravagance 3. giving or given in abundance; lavish or profuse

generosity : prodigality :: courage : rashness mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance mean 열등한, (신분이) 낮은; 비열한; 초라한, 허술한; 인색한, 쩨쩨

한 meek 온순한; 패기 없는, 굴종적인

miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal prodigal : conserved :: (OPPOSITE) parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend (A >> B) parsimonious (극도로) 절약하는 excessively sparing or frugal

prodigality : spending :: gluttony : eating prodigality ↔ husbandry, penury prodigal ↔ frugal, parsimonious, economical, thrifty, stingy, conserved

prodigious [prədídʒəs] a. 거 한, 막 한(enormous); 비범한, 놀라운 1. impressively great in size, force, or extent; enormous 2. extraordinary; marvelous

prodigious ↔ slight

prodigy [prɑ dədʒi / prɔ d-] n. 천재, 신동; 경이로운 일/사건 1. a person with exceptional talents or powers 2. an act or event so extraordinary or rare as to inspire

wonder 3. a portentous sign or event; an omen

prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence mediocrity : prodigy :: (OPPOSITE) mediocrity 평범, 범용; 범인(凡人) mediocre moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary

prodigious : amaze ::

profane [prəféin, prou-] v. 신성 모독하다; 남용/오용하다 : DESECRATE

1. to treat with irreverence 2. to put to an improper, unworthy, or degrading use; abuse

profane : inviolable :: pierce : impenetrable :: change : immutable (OPPOSITE) inviolable 불가침의, 신성한 secure from violation or profanation

profane, impure ↔ inviolable, unviolated, treat reverently, moral,

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reverent, gracious

proffer [prɑ fər / prɔ fər] v. 제의하다 : TENDER, OFFER : to offer for acceptance; tender

tender to offer formally proffer ↔ retain, withhold

proficient [prəfíʃənt] a. 숙련된 : having or marked by an advanced degree of competence,

as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning proficient ↔ inept, incompetent

profligate [prɑ fligit, -gèit / prɔ f-] a. 낭비하는, 방탕한 : PRODIGAL

1. given over to dissipation; dissolute 2. recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant

profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태 중국 3회 sec3 16)

loquacious, garrulous : words :: profligate : money parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance profligate ↔ parsimonious, frugal, economical, thrift, economized, provident provident 장래를 비하는, 검소한

profligacy ↔ temperance, frugality, stinginess temperance 중용, 절도, 자제, 절제

profundity [prəfʌ ndəti] n. 깊음, 깊이; 심오, 난해함; 심연(abyss) 1. great depth 2. depth of intellect, feeling, or meaning 3. something profound or abstruse * profound a.

profundity ↔ superficiality shallowness ↔ profundity facile ↔ arduous, profound

profuse [prəfjú:s] a. 풍부한, 돈을 헤프게 쓰는 1. plentiful; copious 2. giving or given freely and abundantly; extravagant * profusion [prəfjúːʒən] n. 풍부; 낭비 1. the state of being profuse; abundance 2. lavish or unrestrained expense; extravagance 3. a profuse outpouring or quantity

profuse ↔ stinting profusion ↔ paucity, scanty, skimpy paucity 소수; 결핍, 부족 1. smallness of number; fewness 2. scarcity; dearth scanty 여유가 없는; 부족한 barely sufficient or adequate;

insufficient, as in extent or degree

prohibitive [prouhíbətiv] a. 금하는; (값이) 터무니없는 1. prohibiting; forbidding 2. so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use 3. so likely to win as to discourage competition

veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory (CHARACTER) prohibitive : purchase :: peremptory : dispute peremptory 지엄한, 단호한; (dispute 못할 정도로) 위압적인

prohibitive ↔ reasonable

projection [prədʒéktən] n. 투사, 발사; 돌출; 추정, 견적 projection ↔ concavity

proliferate [proulífərèit] v. 증식하다; 만연하다 1. to grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue,

parts, cells, or offspring 2. to increase or spread at a rapid rate

proliferate ↔ dwindle, decrease in amount dwindle to become gradually less until little remains

prolific ↔ barren, unproductive

prolix [proulíks] a. 지루하게 긴, 장황한 1. tediously prolonged; wordy 2. tending to speak or write at excessive length

* prolixity n. aphorism : prolix :: euphemism : offensive concise, pithy, succinct, taciturn, terse ↔ prolix prolixity ↔ succinctness, conciseness, extreme brevity, rereness

prologue [próulɔ:g] v. 서두, 서언; 개시, 발단 1. an introduction or a preface, especially a poem recited to

introduce a play 2. an introduction or introductory chapter, as to a novel 3. an introductory act, event, or period

prologue : novel :: preamble : statute prologue ↔ epilogue

prolong [proulɔ ːŋ, -lɑ ŋ] v.t. 늘이다 1. to lengthen in duration; protract 2. to lengthen in extent

prolong ↔ truncate

prominent [prɑ mənənt / prɔ m-] a. 튀어나온; 두드러진; 유명한, 탁월한 : CONSPICUOUS

1. projecting outward or upward from a line or surface; protuberant

2. immediately noticeable; conspicuous 3. widely known; eminent

prominent : notice :: lucid : understand eclipse ↔ make more prominent, bring to more prominent prominence ↔ unimportance, triviality, obscurity (fraudulence는 오답) prominent ↔ inconspicuous

promiscuous [prəmískjuəs] adj. 난잡한, 난교의, 무차별의 abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity

promote [prəmóut] v.t. 진척시키다, 승진시키다 : FURTHER 1. a. to raise to a more important or responsible job or rank b. to advance (a student) to the next higher grade 2. to contribute to the progress or growth of; further 3. to urge the adoption of; advocate 4. to attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or publicity 5. to help to establish or organize (a new enterprise), as by

securing financial backing abate ↔ intensify, promote

promulgate [prɑ məlgèit, proumʌ lgeit / prɔ məlgèit] v. 공표하다 1. to make known (a decree, for example) by public

declaration; announce officially 2. to put (a law) into effect by formal public announcement

promulgate ↔ keep secrete, hide

proofread [prú:frì:d] v. 교정하다 : to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark

corrections proofread : document :: reconcile : account diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct

propagate [prɑ pəgèit / prɔ p-] v.t. 번식시키다; 만연시키다, 보급

시키다, 선전하다, 퍼지(게 하)다; EXTEND 1. to cause (an organism) to multiply or breed 2. to breed (offspring) 3. to transmit (characteristics) from one generation to

another 4. to cause to extend to a broader area or larger number;

spread 5. to make widely known; publicize

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propagate ↔ check, fail to multiply propagation ↔ extirpation extirpate 멸종시키다, 뿌리째 뽑다, 근절하다

propensity [prəpénsəti] n. 경향 : an innate inclination; a tendency

propensity ↔ aversion, antipathy, distaste

prophecy [prɑ fisi|prɔ f-] n. 예언 (능력); (성서) 예언서 1. a. an inspired utterance of a prophet, viewed as a

revelation of divine will b. a prediction of the future, made under divine inspiration c. such an inspired message or prediction transmitted orally

or in writing 2. the vocation or condition of a prophet 3. a prediction * prophetic [prəfétik] a. 예언하는, 전조가 되는 :

PREDICTIVE * prophet 예언자

apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy prophet : prognostication :: 예언자 : 예언

prophylactic [pròufəlǽktik, prɑ f- / prɔ f-] adj. 예방의 1 : guarding from or preventing the spread or occurrence of

disease or infection 2 : tending to prevent or ward off : PREVENTIVE

prophylactic ↔ causing

prolific [prəlífik] a. 다작의, 다산의; 풍부한 1. producing offspring or fruit in great abundance; fertile 2. producing abundant works or results

propitiate [prəpíʃièit] v.t. 달래다, 진정시키다 : APPEASE, CONCILIATE

: to conciliate (an offended power); appease immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated (OPPOSITE) inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inalienable 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to another or

others propitiate ↔ incense, antagonize, denounce, arouse hostility incense 화나게 하다 to cause to be extremely angry; infuriate

propitious [prəpíʃəs] a. 길조의, 호의적인 : BENEVOLENT 1. presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious 2. kindly; gracious * unpropitious adj. 불길한, 불운한

unpropitious ↔ favorable and anticipated, fortunate, auspicious, propitious, fortunate

unfavorable, inauspicious ↔ propitious auspicious 길조의, 상스러운

dire ↔ pleasant, fortunate, propitious, favorable

proponent [prəpóunənt] n. 제창자, 발의자; 지지자 : one who argues in support of something; an advocate

proponent ↔ detractor

proposal [prəpóuzəl] n. 제안; 계획, 기획; 구혼 1. the act of proposing 2. a plan that is proposed 3. an offer of marriage

propriety [prəprɑ iəti] n. 예의 바름, 단정; 적당, 타당

(appropriateness) 1. the quality of being proper; appropriateness 2. conformity to prevailing customs and usages

indecorous : propriety :: boorish : sensitivity propriety ↔ impertinentness

prosaic [prouze iik] a. 평범한, 재미없는 : DULL,

UNIMAGINATIVE, EVERYDAY, ORDINARY 1. a. consisting or characteristic of prose b. matter-of-fact;

straightforward 2. lacking in imagination and spirit; dull

prosaic : extraordinary :: prosaic ↔ exceptional, imaginary, exciting, extraordinary, ingenious, preternatural, inspired preternatural 기이한, 불가사의한, 초자연적인

proscribe [prouskráib] v. 배척하다, 금지하다 : PROHIBIT 1. to denounce or condemn 2. to prohibit; forbid 3. a. to banish or outlaw (a person)

b. to publish the name of (a person) as outlawed * proscribed 금지된 proscribed : permitted :: (OPPOSITE) proscribe ↔ sanction proscribed ↔ permitted proscription ↔ permission

prosecute [prɑ səkj :t|prɔ s-] v. 해내다, 수행하다; (장사 등에) 종사하

다, 경영하다; 기소하다 1. (law) a. to initiate civil or criminal court action against

b. to seek to obtain or enforce by legal action 2. a. to pursue (an undertaking, for example) until

completion; follow to the very end b. to chase or pursue (a vessel) 3. to carry on, engage in, or practice

mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction (A B)

prosecution [prɑ səkjúːʃən / prɔ -] n. 기소 1. the act or process of prosecuting; specifically 2. the institution and continuance of a criminal suit involving

the process of pursuing formal charges against an offender to final judgment

proselytize [prɑ sələtàiz / prɔ s-] v. 변절/개종시키다(하다) - to induce someone to convert to one's own religious faith - to induce someone to join one's own political party or to

espouse one's doctrine - to convert from one belief, doctrine, cause, or faith to

another proselytizer : convert :: mediator : reconcile reconcile 화해시키다; 중재하다

salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat swindler 사기꾼 proselytize : convert :: grandstand : impress

prospect [prəspékt] v. (광산 등을) 시굴하다 : to search for or explore (a region) for mineral deposits or oil

prospect : mineral :: investigate : information (A seek B) investigate to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically

prosperous [prɑ spərəs / prɔ s-] a. 번영하는; 형편이 좋은 : PALMY 1. having success; flourishing 2. well-do-do; well-off 3. propitious; favorable

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (EQUAL) palmy 야자나무 같이 무성한; 융성/번영하는 prosperous; flourishing

impecunious ↔ wealthy, prosperous, affluent impecunious 무일푼의, 백수건달의 lacking money; penniless

prosperous ↔ depressed

prostrate [prɑ streit/prɔstréit] v.엎드리다, 굴복시키다, 압도하다 a. 엎드린, 기진맥진한

1. to make (oneself) bow or kneel down in humility or adoration

2. to throw down flat 3. to lay low; overcome

prostrate ↔ erect, upright, strengthen, uphold, stand upright, stand

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straightforward

protagonist [proutǽgənist] n. (극, 소설 속의) 주역, 주인공; 주창자, 지도자

1. the main character in a drama or other literary work 2. in ancient Greek drama, the first actor to engage in

dialogue with the chorus, in later dramas playing the main character and some minor characters as well

3. a. a leading or principal figure b. the leader of a cause; a champion 4. a proponent; an advocate

protean [próutiən, proutíːən] a. 변화무쌍한 : VERSATILE 1. readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings 2. exhibiting considerable variety or diversity

circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE) protean ↔ static

protest [prətést] v. 항의하다; 주장하다 1. to object to, especially in a formal statement 2. to promise or affirm with earnest solemnity 3. (law) to declare (a bill) dishonored or refused

protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (A >> B) supplicate 탄원/간청하다 to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by

praying entreat 탄원하다; 간청하다 1. to make an earnest request of 2. to ask for earnestly; petition for

protocol [próutəkɑ l, -kɔ ːl / -kɔ l] n. 외교 의례; 조약 원안 1. a. the forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by

diplomats and heads of state b. a code of correct conduct 2. the first copy of a treaty or other such document before

its ratification 3. a preliminary draft or record of a transaction 4. the plan for a course of medical treatment or for a

scientific experiment protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage grammar : language :: protocol : conduct

protract [proutrǽkt] v. 연장하다, 오래 끌다 : to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong

protract : length :: throng : number throng 떼지어 모이다 protract ↔ curtail, truncate, abridge, abbreviate, summarize, shorten, stretch

protracted ↔ transient, curt

protrude [pro:utrú:d] v. 튀어나오다, 돌출하다 : to push or thrust outward

protrude ↔ concave

protrusion [proutrúːʒən] n. 돌출 1 : the act of protruding : the state of being protruded 2 : something (as an anatomical part or excrescence) that

protrudes synonyms see PROJECTION

protrusion ↔ deep recess

protuberant [proutjúːbərənt] a. 돌출한; 현저한, 두드러진 : PROMINENT

: swelling outward; bulging protuberant ↔ depressed, recessed protuberance ↔ concavity, depression

providence [prɑ vidəns|prɔ v-] n. 섭리, 하느님의 뜻; 선견지명 1. care or preparation in advance; foresight 2. prudent management; economy 3. the care, guardianship, and control exercised by a deity;

divine direction

provident [prɑ vədənt / prɔ -] a. 장래를 비하는; 검소한 : FRUGAL, SAVING

1. providing for future needs or events 2. frugal; economical

provident ↔ profligate, spendthrift profligate 방탕한, 품행이 나쁜; 낭비하는

providential [prɑ vədénʃəl / prɔ -] a. 천우신조의, 운 좋은 1. of or resulting from divine providence 2. happening as if through divine intervention; opportune

providence n. 섭리, 하느님의 뜻; 선견지명 providential ↔ unfortunate, mishap

provincial [prəvínʃəl] a. 지방의, 시골의; 촌스러운, 투박한; 편협한 : NARROW 1. of or relating to a province 2. of or characteristic of people from the provinces; not

fashionable or sophisticated 3. limited in perspective narrow and self-centered

bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan provincial, factionalism ↔ ecumenical ecumenical 전반적인, 보편적인 of worldwide scope or applicability;

universal provincial ↔ refined

provisional [prəvíʒənəl] a. 임시적인 : TEMPORARY : provided or serving only for the time being

definitive ↔ provisional

proviso [prəvɑ izou] n. 단서, 조건 : a clause in a document making a qualification, condition, or

restriction

provisory [prəváizəri] a. 조건부의 : depending on a proviso; conditional

provisory ↔ unconditional

provoke [prəvóuk] v.t. 자극하다 : EVOKE 1. to incite to anger or resentment 2. to stir to action or feeling 3. to give rise to; evoke 4. to bring about deliberately; induce

suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke (OPPOSITE) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B를 목적으로 하는 수단) provoke : anger :: choleric ↔ difficult to provoke choleric 화를 잘 내는, 격하기 쉬운 easily angered; bad-tempered

jejune ↔ thought provoking jejune 불모의; 재미없는, 지루한; 미숙한, 유치한

prowess [práuis] n. 용기; 탁월한 기량 1. superior skill or ability 2. superior strength, courage, or daring, especially in battle

prowess ↔ timidity

prowl [praul] v.헤매다, 서성거리다, 배회하다 : to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey or plunder

prowl : prey :: reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes reconnoiter 정찰하다; 조사/답사하다

proximal [prɑ ksəməl] a. 기부의, 근칭의 : nearest; proximate

proximal ↔ distal, distant distal [dístəl] 말초의, 원칭의

proximal ↔ distinctive

proximity [prɑksíməti / prɔks-] n. (장소, 시간 등이) 가까움 : the state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next;

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closeness proximity ↔ distance proximate ↔ remote

prude [pruːd] n. 얌전한체하는 사람, 새침데기 : one who is excessively concerned with being or appearing

to be proper, modest, or righteous fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B)

prudent [prúːdənt] a. 신중한; 빈틈없는 : DISCREET 1. wise in handling practical matters; exercising good

judgment or common sense 2. careful in regard to one's own interests; provident 3. careful about one's conduct; circumspect

prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in

judgment, and farsighted; wisdom fool ↔ prudent

prudish [prúːdiʃ] a. 몹시 얌전빼는 : PRIGGISH : marked by or exhibiting the characteristics of a prude;

priggish prig 까다로운 사라, 박식한 체하는 사람

scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (A << B) prudish : propriety :: finicky : quality

prune [pruːn] n. 말린 자두 prune : plum :: raisin : grape plum 서양자두 raisin 건포도

prune [pru:n.] v. 잘라내다, 치다, 전지하다; 삭감하다, 줄이다 1. to cut off or remove dead or living parts or branches of (a

plant, for example) to improve shape or growth 2. to remove or cut out as superfluous 3. to reduce

prune : hedge :: trim : hair

pry [prai] v. 꼬치꼬치 캐내다 : to look or inquire closely, curiously, or inquisitively, often

in a furtive manner prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful :: importune : request (A >> B) garish 번쩍거리는, 지나치게 화려한; 지나치게 꾸민

pry : watch :: connive : cooperative

psalm [sam] n. 성가, 찬송가, (성경의) 시편 psalm : poem :: church : building

pseudonym [sú:d:ənim] n. 익명, 가명, 필명(pen name) : a fictitious name assumed by an author; a pen name

pseudonym : name :: mask : face

psychology [saikɑ lədʒi / -kɔ l-] n. 심리학 fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

pucker [pʌ kər] v. 주름지게 하다, 오그라들다 : to gather into small wrinkles or folds

astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker : mouth :: squint : eye

puckish [pʌ kiʃ] a. 장난꾸러기의; 멋 로의, 무책임한 : IMPISH, WHIMSICAL, MISCHIEVOUS

puckish ↔ sober, grave, staid, serious staid 침착한, 차분한 grave 엄숙한, 장엄한, 진지한, 심각한, 침착한

puddle [pʌ dl] n. 물웅덩이, 이긴 진흙 v. 물웅덩이를 만들다, 물을 흐리게 하다, 마구 뒤섞다

puddle : lake :: (A<<B)

puerile [pjúːəril, -ràil] a. 유치한, 미숙한 : CHILDISH

1. belonging to childhood; juvenile 2. immature; childish

puerile ↔ mature, prudent, (venerable)

pugnacious [pʌgnéiʃəs] adj. 싸우기 좋아하는 : having a quarrelsome or combative nature : TRUCULENT

synonyms see BELLIGERENT pugnacious ↔ pacific, agreeable, peaceful, conciliatory, attractive

puissance [pjúːisəns, pwísəns] n. 권력, 세력 POWER, MIGHT clout ↔ impuissance clout (손바닥, 주먹으로) 때리기; 권력, 영향(력)

puissance ↔ powerlessness

pulchritude [pʌ lkrətjùːd] n. 미모, 육체미 : great physical beauty and appeal

pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness, homeliness, unsightliness, unattractiveness hideous 무서운, 소름끼치는; 가증할, 극악무도한 homely 못생긴, 매력 없는; 평범한, 소박한; 흔한, 통속적인 unsightly 꼴불견의, 볼품 없는, 보기 흉한

pulchritudinous ↔ hideous

pullet [púlit] n. 어린 암탉 filly : horse :: pullet : chicken filly 암망아지; (발랄한) 소녀 a lively, high-spirited girl

pulverize [pʌ lvəràiz] v. 가루로 만들다; 크게 상처를 입히다 1. to pound, crush, or grind to a powder or dust 2. to demolish

pulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehended pulverize ↔ solidify, make whole

pun [pʌn] n. (동음이의어를 이용한) 말장난, 익살 : a play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same

word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words

pun : joke :: supernova : star :: termite : insect termite 흰개미(white ant)

punch line [pʌntʃ lain] n. 결정적 말 : the climax of a joke or humorous story

joke : punch line :: plot : denouement

punctilious [pʌŋktíliəs] a. (규정, 형식에) 꼼꼼한, 딱딱한 1. strictly attentive to minute details of form in action or

conduct 2. precise; scrupulous

dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (OPPOSITE) → philistine punctilious ↔ remiss, slipshod, careless, easygoing, negligent, casual remiss 태만한, 덜렁 는; 부주의한, 소홀한

puncture [pʌ ŋktʃər] v. 찌르다, 구멍을 뚫다; 무효로 만들다 puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled jar n. 단지 v. 귀에 거슬리다, 삐걱거리다; 덜커덩거리다; (의견 등이)

조화되지 않다

pundit [pʌ ndit] n. 학자, 전문가 authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans allegiance 충성, 헌신, 신하의 의무

pundit : opine :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: recidivist : relapse :: augur : predict recidivism 상습적인 비행/타락 relapse (원래 상태로) 되돌아가다; 재발하다

pungent [pʌ ndʒənt] a. (맛이) 톡 쏘는; 신랄한 : CAUSTIC 1. affecting the organs of taste or smell with a sharp, acrid

sensation 2. a. penetrating, biting, or caustic b. to the point; sharp

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3. pointed pungent : odor :: caustic : comment pungency ↔ blandness

punitive [pjúːnətiv] adj. 형벌의 : inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment

punitive ↔ rewarding

puny [pjúːni] a. 왜소한, 하찮은 : WEAK : of inferior size, strength, or significance

measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly measly 홍역에 걸린; 지저분한, 더러운; 시시한

puny ↔ enormous

purchase [p ə :rt∫əs] v. n. 구입; 획득, 입수; 무거운 물건을 움직

일 때 등의) 힘이 걸리는 자리; (지레의) 받침점; 지레 장치, 기중 장치;

1. a. the act or an instance of buying b. something bought c. acquisition through the payment of money or its

equivalent 2. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move

something or prevent it from slipping 3. a device, such as a tackle or lever, used to obtain

mechanical advantage 4. a position, as of a lever or one's feet, affording means to

move or secure a weight 5. a. a means of increasing power or influence b. an advantage that is used in exerting one's power

splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (A prevent B)

purebred [pjuərbréd] a. 순종의 : of or belonging to a recognized strain established by

breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many generations

hybrid ↔ purebred

purgatory [pə ːrgətɔ ːri/-təri] n. 영혼의 정화; 연옥; 고난(의 상태) 1. (Roman Catholic Church) a state in which the souls of

those who have died in grace must expiate their sins 2. a place or condition of suffering, expiation, or remorse

expiate 속죄하다, 보상하다 to make amends or reparation for; atone

purist [pjúərist] n. 관례에 엄격한 사람, 순수주의자 one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in

the use of words stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration heretic ↔ purist purist ↔ radical, liberal radical 근본적인; 극단적인, 급진적인, 과격한

purity [pjúərəti] n. 맑음, 청결; 순수 1. the quality or condition of being pure 2. a quantitative assessment of homogeneity or uniformity 3. freedom from sin or guilt; innocence; chastity 4. the absence in speech or writing of slang or other

elements deemed inappropriate to good style chastity 순결, 고상

purify : imperfection :: verify : doubtfulness purification : dross :: desalinization : salt desalinize, desalt 염분을 제거하다

purist : adulteration :: stickler : approximation mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate 정수, 증류액, 응축물 a purified form; an essence

winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities winnow : grain :: purify : water distill : purity :: leaven : volume (A는 B 상태를 ↑) leaven 효모로 발효시키다; 서서히 변화를 주다

alloy : purity :: thinness : density (OPPOSITE) inviolable ↔ profane, impure inviolable 불가침의, 신성한

purlieu [pə ːrljuː] n. 변두리, 인근, 주변; 자주 가는 장소 : HAUNT

1. an outlying or neighboring area 2. purlieus outskirts; the environs 3. a place that one frequents

taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) taut 팽팽한; 긴장한; 엄격한, 정연한

purlieu ↔ infrequently visited place, an unfrequent/unfamiliar place

purloin [pərlɔ in] v. 훔치다 : to steal, often in a violation of trust

lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: purloin : take :: (다른 것들은 A만 defective, purloin : appropriate 은 둘 다 defective일 수 있기 때문에 상황에 따라서 답이 되기도 하고 안되기도 함) lurk 숨어서 기다리다, 잠복하다; (가슴 속에) 잠재하다, 숨어있다

purvey [pərvéi] v. 조달하다, 공급하다 1. to supply (food, for example); furnish 2. to advertise or circulate

vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

pusillanimous [pjùːsəlǽnəməs] a. 소심한, 우유부단한 lacking courage; cowardly

pusillanimous ↔ stouthearted, dauntless, valiant, gallant, heroic, courageous, valiant dauntless 용감한, 굽히지 않는 incapable of being intimidated or

discouraged; fearless stouthearted brave; courageous gallant 씩씩한, 용맹스러운, 용기 있는 pusillanimity, circumspection ↔ temerity, valiance temerity 무분별, 무모 foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness valiance 용기, 용맹

putative [pjúːtətiv] adj. 소문에 들리는 : commonly accepted or supposed : assumed to exist or to have existed

putative ↔ undisputed

putrefaction [pjùːtrəfǽkʃən] n. 부패 1 : the decomposition of organic matter; especially : the

typically anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of foul-smelling incompletely oxidized products

2 : the state of being putrefied : CORRUPTION

Q

quack [kwæk] n. 돌팔이 의사; 허풍선이(charlatan) 1. an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and

dispenses medical advice and treatment 2. a charlatan; a mountebank

quack ↔ honest practitioner

quaff [kwɑːf, kwæf] v. 단숨에 들이켜다 : to drink (a beverage) heartily

quaff : sip :: stride : mince stride 성큼성큼 걷다 to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or

vigorous way mince vi. 종종걸음을 치다; 점잔빼며 이야기하다

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quaff : sip :: delve : skim delve 깊이 파고들다, 철저히 조사하다 to search deeply and

laboriously

quagmire [kwǽgmaiər] n. 습지, 곤경, 궁지, 수렁 quagmire : stuck ::

quail [kweil] vi. 움츠리다, 겁먹다 : COWER : to shrink back in fear

quail ↔ become resolute, give bold

quaint [kweint] a. 기이한 : ODD 1. odd, especially in an old-fashioned way 2. unfamiliar or unusual in character; strange

quaint ↔ new, normal

qualified [kwɑ ləfàid / kwɔ l-] a. 자질을 갖춘; 조건부의 1. having the appropriate qualifications for an office, a

position, or a task 2. limited, restricted, or modified

mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (OPPOSITE) absolute, categorical, unreserved ↔ qualified, conditional categorical 정언적인; 절 적인, 무조건의 being without exception

or qualification; absolute

qualm [kwɑːm, kwɔːm] n. 꺼림칙함; 의심, 불안 1. a sudden feeling of sickness, faintness, or nausea 2. a sudden disturbing feeling 3. an uneasy feeling about the propriety or rightness of a

course of action qualm : unscrupulous :: fear : dauntless (A는 B가 없는) demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness demur 반 하다; 망설이다, 주저하다

quandary [kwɑ ndəri / kwɔ n-] n. 불확실한 상태, 진퇴양난 : a state of uncertainty or perplexity

quandary ↔ state of complete certainty, certitude, certainty quandary : perplex ::

quarantine [kwɔ ːrəntìːn] n. (질병 예방을 위한) 격리 1. a. a period of time during which a vehicle, person, or

material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country

b. a place for such detention 2. enforced isolation or restriction of free movement

imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease 3. a condition of enforced isolation 4. a period of 40 days

embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact embargo 입출항 금지 명령; 제한, 방해, 금지

hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident hedge 울타리, 담

quarrelsome [kwɔ (:)rəlsəm] adj. 싸우기 좋아하는, 성급한, 토론을 좋아하는

quarrelsome ↔ agreeable, peaceable, pacific

quarry [kwɔ ːri / kwɑ ri] n. 채석장 v. 채석하다, (지식, 사냥감 등을) 찾다

n. 1. a. a hunted animal; prey b. hunted animals considered as a group; game

2. an object of pursuit v. 1. to obtain (stone) from a quarry, as by cutting, digging,

or blasting 2. to extract (facts, for example) by long, careful searching

mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone quarry : marble :: mine : coal aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B하는 사람)

quartet [kwɔːrtét] n. 4중창단, 4중주단; 4인조 quartet : singer :: score : note :: triptych : panel

quash [kwɑʃ / kwɔʃ] v. 진압하다, 가라앉히다 : to put down or suppress forcibly and completely

quash, quell ↔ engender, foment engender 낳다, 생기게 하다, 야기하다

quatrain [kwɑ trein / kwɔ t-] n. 4행 연구 : a stanza or poem of four lines

quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech ※ couplet 2행 연구, triplet 3행 연구, sextet 6행 연구, octave 8행 연

구, sonnet 14행 연구 ※ stanza 시절(詩節), 연(聯) : one of the divisions of a poem,

composed of two or more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines

quaver [kwéivər] v. 벌벌 떨다; 떨리는 소리로 말하다 1. to quiver, as from weakness; tremble 2. to speak in a quivering voice; utter a quivering sound 3. (music) to produce a trill on an instrument or with the vice

voice : quaver :: hand : tremble

queasy [kw í:zi] adj. 욕지기나는, 메스꺼운 1. experiencing nausea; nauseated 2. easily nauseated 3. causing nausea; sickening: the queasy lurch of an airplane

during a storm 4. a. causing uneasiness b. uneasy; troubled. * queasiness 메스꺼움

queasiness : nauseating :: sleepiness : soporific

quell [kwel] v.t. 진압하다; 가라앉히다, 누그러지게 하다 1. to put down forcibly; suppress 2. to pacify; quiet

irrepressible : quell :: obdurate : move quell, quash, quench ↔ arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up

quench [kwentʃ] v.t. 끄다; 억제하다; 물로 식히다 1. to put out (a fire, for example); extinguish 2. to suppress; squelch 3. to put an end to; destroy 4. to slake; satisfy

quench ↔ ignite

querulous [kwérjələs] a. 불평 많은 1. given to complaining; peevish 2. expressing a complaint or grievance; grumbling

querulous : complain :: voluble : talk :: prodigal : spend querulous : complaint :: obsequious, sycophantic : flattery querulous : words :: profligate : money

query [kwí(:)əri] n. 의문, 질문 v. ~을 묻다, 캐묻다 query ↔ answer

quest [kwest] n. 탐색, 추구 : the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a

search quest : reply :: command : action

questionnaire [kwèstʃənɛ ər] n. (조사 연구를 위한) 질문(표), 앙케

트 : a printed form containing a set of questions, especially one

addressed to a statistically significant number of subjects as a way of gathering information for a survey

queue [kju(ː)] n. 줄

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: a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles colonnade : pillar :: queue : person person : queue :: scene : panorama queue : people :: chain : link

quibble [kwíbəl] v. 요점을 얼버무리다; 트집을 잡다 1. to evade the truth or importance of an issue by raising

trivial distinctions and objections 2. to find fault or criticize for petty reason; cavil n. a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection

quibble : objection :: minutia : details quibble : carp :: nitpicker : cavil quibbling : cavil :: faultfinding : criticize encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil nitpick; to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details

quibble : failing :: rift : breach (A << B) failing 실패; 사소한 실수 rift 갈라진 틈; (우정 등의) 갈라짐, 균열

quibble ↔ speak straightforward

quill [kwil] 깃털펜 abacus : calculator :: quill : pen (종류 (중에서 구식인 거)) quill : 깃털펜

quicksand [kwíksæ nd] n. 헤어나기 힘든 상황, 유동적이고 위험한 상태

1. a bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure and tends to engulf any object on its surface

2. often quicksands a place or situation into which entry can be swift and sudden but from which extrication can be difficult or impossible

quiescent [kwaiésənt] a. 조용한 : being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive

* quiescence n. 정지상태 quietude, quiescence ↔ tumult, restless activity, action quietude [kwáiətjù:d] 평정, 안정 tranquility

quiescent ↔ rambunctious rambunctious 수습할 수 없는, 다루기 힘든, 미친 듯이 날뛰는

quiescence, quietude ↔ action, restless activity, tumult quietude 평정, 안정, 안식

quip [kwip] n. 신랄한 말; 빈정 는 말; 핑계; 기행 : GIBE 1. a clever, witty remark often prompted by the occasion 2. a clever, often sarcastic remark; a gibe 3. a petty distinction or objection; a quibble 4. something curious or odd

gibe 조롱하다, 우롱하다 to make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks

quip remark ↔ solemn remark

quisling [kwízliŋ] n. 매국노 : a traitor who serves as the puppet of the enemy

occupying his or her country puppet 작은 인형; 꼭두각시, 앞잡이

juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray (A는 B하는 사람)

quixotic [kwiksɑ tik / -sɔ t-] a. 돈키호테식의; 비현실(공상)적인

1. caught up in the romance of noble deeds and the pursuit of unreachable goals; idealistic without regard to practicality

2. capricious; impulsive quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive quixotic ↔ displaying consistently practical behavior, practical, pragmatic

quota [kwóutə] n. 할당량; 정원

1. a proportional share, as of goods, assigned to a group or to each member of a group; an allotment

2. the maximum number, especially of people, that may be admitted to a nation, a group, or an institution

quota ↔ unlimited number

quotidian [kwoutídiən] a. 매일의, 흔해빠진 : COMMONPLACE, ORDINARY

1. everyday; commonplace 2. recurring daily

quotidian ↔ remarkable, striking, extraordinary, unusual

R rabble [rǽb-əl] n. 폭도; 어중이떠중이, 오합지졸; 하층 계급 : MOB

1. a tumultuous crowd; a mob 2. the lowest or coarsest class of people items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble

rabid [rǽbid] a. 과격한, 미쳐 날뛰는 : FURIOUS, FANATICAL 1. of or affected by rabies(광견병) 2. raging; uncontrollable 3. extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical * rabies n. 광견병

rabies : disease :: (A는 B의 한 종류) rabid ↔ impassionate, detached, noncommittal

racketeer [ræ kitíəːr] n. 무법자, 협잡꾼 : a person who commits crimes such as extortion,

loansharking(고리 금업), bribery, and obstruction of justice in furtherance of illegal business activities

raconteur [rǽkɑnt :r|-k n-] n. 이야기꾼 : one who tells stories and anecdotes with skill and wit

raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing

racy [réisi] a. 독특한 풍미가 있는; 짜릿한, 통쾌한 1. having a distinctive and characteristic quality or taste 2. strong and sharp in flavor or odor; piquant or pungent 3. vigorous; lively

tame ↔ racy tame 길들여진; 유순한; 활기 없는, 지루한

radical [rǽdikəl] a. 근본적인; 극단적인, 급진적인, 과격한 1. arising from or going to a root or source; basic 2. departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme 3. favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary

changed in current practices, conditions, or institutions purist ↔ radical, liberal radical ↔ conventional

raffish [rǽfiʃ] a. 비천한, 저속한 1. cheaply or showily vulgar in appearance or nature; tawdry 2. characterized by a carefree or fun-loving

unconventionality; rakish ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub (OPPOSITE) dissemble 숨기다, 속이다, 가장하다 snub 무시하다, 경시하다; 퇴짜 놓다

raffish : decorum :: merciless : leniency (OPPOSITE, 형:명) lenient 관 한, 인정 많은 inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful,

generous, or indulgent raffish ↔ august

raffle [rǽf-əl] n. 복권식 판매 : a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a

prize

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lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (로또복권은 추첨 방식, 표는 입장 방식)

rafter [rǽftəːr, rɑ ːftəːr] n. 서까래, 들보 : one of the sloping beams that supports a pitched roof

roof : rafter :: table : leg

rage [reidʒ] n. 격노 1. a. violent, explosive anger b. a fit of anger 2. furious intensity, as of a storm or disease 3. a burning desire; a passion 4. a current, eagerly adopted fashion; a fad or craze

bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B) gush : effusive :: rage : irate (CHARACTER) irate 매우 화난 extremely angry; enraged

infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity :: commend : esteem nonplus 당황하게 하다 to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or

do; bewilder

ragged [rǽgid] a. 너덜너덜한,누더기를 걸친;덥수룩한;울퉁불퉁

한; 거친, 조잡한 1. tattered, frayed, or torn 2. dressed in tattered or threadbare clothes 3. unkempt or shaggy 4. having an irregular surface or edge; uneven or jagged in

outline 5. imperfect; uneven 6. harsh; rasping

tatter 넝마, 누더기 옷; 무용지물 clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety rickety [ríkiti] (가구 등이) 흔들리는, 부서질 듯한; (나이를 먹어)

허약한

rail [reil] vi. 욕하다 : to express objections or criticisms in bitter, harsh, or

abusive language rail : vehemence :: entreat : urgency (동 : 명) rail ↔ extol

raisin [réiz-ən] n. 건포도 prune : plum :: raisin : grape prune 말린 자두 plum 서양자두

rakish [réikiʃ] a. 방탕한, 무절제한; 세련된, 멋있는, 맵시있는; 경쾌한

1. (nautical) having a trim, streamlined appearance, dashingly or sportingly stylish; jaunty

2. of the character of a rake; dissolute jaunty 쾌활한, 의기양양한, 멋을 부리는

rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (LACK) slothful 나태한, 게으른 disinclined to work or exertion; lazy assiduity 근면, 부지런함 persistent application or diligence;

unflagging effort rakish ↔ restraint rakish ↔ dowdy, shabby, slovenly (slothful, sluggish :2순위) (weary,

slow는 오답) dowdy 단정치 못한, 초라한, 촌스러운 / 단정치 못한 옷차림의 여

자

rally [rǽli] v. 불러모으다, (용기 등을) 불러일으키다, 활력을 주다, 자극하다(rally oneself 기운을 내다), 모이다. n. 결집, 회 v.t.(놀리다)

1. to call together for a common purpose 2. to reassemble and restore to order 3. to rouse or revive from inactivity or decline: paused to

refresh themselves and rally their strength 명사 1. a gathering, especially one intended to inspire

enthusiasm for a cause: a political rally 2. a sharp improvement in health, vigor, or spirits

rally ↔ disband disband v. 조직을 해체하다, 군대를 해산하다 rally : enthusiasm :: enchant : fascination (B를(열정을:대상) A하다(불러일으키다))

ramble [rǽmb-əl] vi. 어슬렁거리다; 장황하게 이야기하다 1. to move about aimlessly 2. to walk about casually or for pleasure 3. to follow an irregularly winding course of motion or

growth 4. to speak or write at length and with many digressions

draw : doodle :: travel : ramble doodle 무의미한 낙서를 끼적거리다, 빈둥거리다, 시간을 때우다 ramble ↔ walk purposely

rambunctious [ræmbʌ ŋkʃəs] a. 미친 듯 날뛰는 : UNRULY : boisterous and disorderly

rambunctious ↔ quiescent quiescent 조용한 being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive

ramification [ræməfikéiʃ-ən] n. 결과 ramification ↔ antecedent

rampart [rǽmpɑːrt, -pəːrt] n. 성벽; 방어물 : BULWARK 1. a fortification consisting of an embankment, often with a

parapet built on top 2. a means of protection or defense; a bulwark

parapet (지붕, 다리 등의) 난간; (성의) 흉벽 bulwark 성채, 보루; 방벽, 방어물

tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier (A ∈ B) edifice 건축물; 체계, 조직

rampart : invasion :: levee : flood

ramshackle [rǽmʃæ k-əl] a. 덜커덩거리는 : RICKETY : so poorly constructed or kept up that disintegration is likely

ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity (OPPOSITE) garble 왜곡하다; 혼동/착각하다

rancid [rǽnsid] a. 악취가 나는 : FETID, RANK 1. having the disagreeable odor or taste of decomposing oils

or fats 2. repugnant; nasty

fetid 악취가 나는 having an offensive odor rancid ↔ fragrant

rancor [rǽŋkəːr] n. 원한 : bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will

rancor ↔ good will, concord, charitableness, amity, geniality, benevolence, amicability, friendliness, accord (calm은 오답) charitable 관 한, 자비로운

rancorous ↔ amicable

randomize [rǽndəmàiz] v. 무작위 추출하다 : to make random in arrangement, especially in order to

control the variable in an experiment randomize ↔ systematize systematize to formulate into or reduce to a system

range [reindʒ] n. 한계, 범위, 사정거리; 연속, 산맥 range : mountain :: chain : link

ranger [réindʒəːr] n. 산림 경비원; 무장 순찰 원 1. a wanderer; a rover 2. a member of an armed troop employed in patrolling a

specific region 3. a warden employed to maintain and protect a forest or

other natural area ranger : forest :: curator : museum

rank [ræŋk] a. 지나치게 무성한; 역한 냄새/맛이 나는 : RANCID

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: strong and offensive in odor or flavor

rankle [rǽŋk-əl] v. 안달 나게 괴롭히다 : to cause persistent irritation or resentment 1. to cause persistent irritation or resentment 2. to become sore or inflamed; fester

rankle ↔ pacify, calm, mollify, soothe, appease

rant [rænt] v. 호통 치다, 호언장담하다 n. 호언장담, 과장된 말, 장광설 : to speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement

manner; rave fear : cower :: anger : rant rant : grandiloquence :: rant ↔ modesty, restraint, humility rant ↔ pacify, placate, forbear

rapacious [rəpéiʃəs] a. 강탈하는; 만족할 줄 모르는 1. taking by force; plundering 2. greedy; ravenous 3. subsisting on live prey

ravenous 게걸스럽게 먹는, 몹시 굶주린; 탐욕스러운 troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious (A << B) distraught 몹시 동요된; 광기의, 미친 covetous 탐내는, 갈망하는; 욕심 많은, 탐욕스러운

rapacity : covetous :: mania : enthusiastic

rapport [ræpɔ ːr] n. (조화로운) 관계 : relationship, especially one of mutual trust or emotional

affinity rapport ↔ discord, dissension, antagonism, aversion

rapprochement [ræ prouʃmɑ ːŋ / ræprɔ ʃmɑːŋ] n. 국가간의 친선 1. a reestablishing of cordial relations, as between two

countries 2. the state of reconciliation or of cordial relations

estrangement ↔ rapprochement estrangement 이간, 소원; 반목, 불화

rapscallion [ræpskǽljən] n. 악한, 깡패 rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy mischievous 유해한; 장난을 좋아하는, 말썽을 부리는

(cavalier : arrogant 관계는 오답 (cavalier가 명사일 때는 ‘기사도 정신(긍정적)’->arrogant 아님))

rapt [ræpt] a. 넋을 잃은, 황홀해 하는; 몰두한, 푹 빠진 : ENGROSSED

1. deeply moved or delighted; enraptured 2. deeply absorbed; engrossed

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 용기 있는 resolutely courageous; fearless

rapt ↔ distracted

rarefied a. (지위 등이) 매우 높은; 가려 뽑은 1. belonging to or reserved for a small, select group;

esoteric 2. elevated in character or style; lofty

rarefied ↔ pedestrian, prosaic

rarefy [rɛ ərəfài] v. 희박하게 하다; 순화/정화하다 1. to make thin, less compact, or les dense 2. to purify or refine

rarefy ↔ concentrate, condense, make denser rarefaction ↔ condensation

rarity [rɛ -ərəti] n. 진귀함, 희귀한 일 1. something rare 2. the quality or state of being rare; infrequency of

occurrence

rarity : dense :: dilute : concentrative plurality ↔ rarity rare ↔ dense rare ↔ affluent

rascal [rǽskəl] n. 악당, 장난꾸러기, 악동 a.비열한, 몰염치한 rascal : mischievous :: laggard : dilatory (A는 B한 성격을 지님)

rash [ræʃ] a. 무모한, 신중치 못한 : characterized by or resulting from ill-considered haste or

boldness obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous (A >> B) obsess 사로잡히다 to preoccupy the mind of excessively

loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous (A >> B) loquacious very talkative; garrulous

rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile rash ↔ circumspective

raspy [rǽspi, rɑ ːspi] a. 삐걱거리는, 귀에 거슬리는; 성을 잘 내는 : HARSH, GRATING rough; grating

mellifluous ↔ raspy mellifluous 감미로운 flowing with sweetness or honey; smooth and

sweet

ratify [rǽtəfài] v.t. 비준/승인하다 : CONFIRM : to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) repatriate [ri:péitrièit] 본국으로 소환하다 repeal 철회하다; 무효로 하다 to revoke or rescind, especially by an

official or formal act license : allow :: ratify : approve (A=B)

ratiocination [ræ ʃiɑ sənéiʃən -/ræ tiɔ si-] n. 추리, 추론 : REASONING

: the process of exact thinking ratiocinate n. 추리/추론하다 : to reason methodically and logically

ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking

ration [rǽʃ-ən, réi-] n. (식품의) 할당량, 배급량 : a food allowance for one day 1. a fixed portion, especially an amount of food allotted to

persons in military service or to civilians in times of scarcity

2. rations food issued or available to members of a group dose : medicine :: ration : food dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment

rationalize [rǽʃ-ənəlàiz] v. (무리하게, 억지로) 합리화하다 1. to make rational 2. to interpret from a rational standpoint 3. to devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's

behavior) rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible (A = B하게 만듦) plausible 그럴듯한 seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable;

credible obfuscate 혼란시키다; 애매하게 하다

rational : fraudulent :: irreprehensible : blamable (OPPOSITE) fraudulent 속이는, 부정직한 deceitful reprehensible 비난 받아야 할, 괘씸한 deserving rebuke or censure;

blameworthy

raucous [rɔ ːkəs] a. 목쉰소리의, 귀에 거슬리는, 삐걱 는, 야단법석

의 : HOARSE 1. rough-sounding and harsh 2. boisterous and disorderly

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raucous : harsh :: dulcet : sweet (A는 B의 성격이 있다) raucous ↔ melodious, subdued, placid, restrained, mellifluous subdued 완화된, 억제된, 순한, 가라앉은, 억제된 placid 조용한, 평온한, 만족한

raunchy [rɔ ːntʃi, rɑ ːn-] adj. 난잡한, 싸구려의 1 : SLOVENLY, DIRTY *a raunchy panhandler*; also :

very smelly *raunchy sneakers* 2 : OBSCENE, SMUTTY *raunchy jokes*

rave [reiv] n. 헛소리하다; 사납게 날뛰다, 노호하다; 열변을 토하

다, 극찬하다 1. to speak wildly, irrationally, or incoherently 2. to roar; rage 3. to speak with wild enthusiasm

rave ↔ pan pan 냄비로 익히다; (사금을) 선광 냄비로 일다; 혹평하다, 헐뜯다

to criticize or review harshly raving ↔ reasonable utteration (unequivocal speech는 오답)

ravel [rǽvəl] vi. (실 등을) 풀다 : UNRAVEL 1. to separate the fibers or thread of (cloth, for example);

unravel 2. to clarify by separating the aspects of 3. to tangle or complicate 얽히게 하다

ravel ↔ knit

ravenous [rǽv-ənəs] a. 걸신들린; 탐욕스러운 1. extremely hungry; voracious 2. rapacious; predatory 3. greedy for gratification

ravish v. 황홀하게 하다, 몹시 기쁘게 하다 1. to seize and carry away by force 2. to rape; violate 3. to overwhelm with emotion; enrapture * ravishing 황홀하게 하는, 매혹적인

ravishing : attractive :: perspicacious : discerning (A >> B)

raze [reiz] v.t. 파괴하다; 깎아서 없애다 : DEMOLISH 1. to level to the ground; demolish 2. to scrape or shave off

raze ↔ build, construct

reactant [riːǽkt-ənt] n. 반응물 : a substance participating in a chemical reaction,

especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction

* reagent; a substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances

reactant, reagent ↔ inert material reactive ↔ inert

reactionary [riːǽkʃənèri/-ʃ-ənəri] a. 반동의, 반작용의,역행의; 보수적인

: characterized by reaction, especially opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely conservative

contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious 반항적인, 고집 센 obstinately disobedient or

rebellious; insubordinate hidebound 편협한, 완고한; 보수적인 stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-

minded, or inflexible recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change recalcitrant 저항하는, 다루기 어려운

reactionary ↔ votary, politically progressive votary [vóutəri] 신봉자; 열렬한 추구자, 애호가

readership [rí:dər∫ip] n. 독자수(층), 독자 readership : newspaper :: audience : play : readership : book (A는 B

를 보는 사람들)

ream [riːm] n. 종이 단위[500장]; 많음, 다량 1. a quantity of paper, formerly 480 sheets, now 500 sheets

or, in a printer's ream, 516 sheets 2. often reams a very large amount

ream : paper :: cord : wood :: acre : land : volt : electricity :: quart : liquid cord 연료용 목재 단위 [128 입방 피트]

reap [rip] v. 베다, 작물을 거둬들이다; (노력 등의 결과로) 거두다, 획득하다

1. to cut (grain or pulse) for harvest with a scythe, sickle(원형 낫), or reaper

2. to harvest (a crop) 3. to harvest a crop from 4. to obtain as a result of effort reaper [riːpər] n. 수확하는 사람

scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter scythe [saið] 풀 베는 낫, 큰 낫

reap ↔ plant

reassure [rìːəʃúəːr] v. 안심시키다,기운 나게 하다;재보증하다 1. to restore confidence to 2. to assure again 3. to reinsure

reinsure 재보험을 들다; 더욱 확실히 하다 reassure : doubt :: perturb : serenity feed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness (A remove B) formidable ↔ reassuring

rebellious [ribéljəs] a. 반항적인, 거부하는 rebellious : insurgent :: sycophantic : obsequious insurgent n. 반란자, a. 반란을 일으키는, 반항적인, 반체제의

rebuff [ribʌ f] v.t. 거절하다, 퇴짜 놓다 : SNUB 1. to reject bluntly, often disdainfully; snub 2. to repel or drive back

rebuff ↔ approve, welcome, accept

rebuke [ribjú:k] v. 몹시 비난하다, 질책하다 n. 심한 비난, 질책 rebuke ↔ compliment, praise

rebus [ríːbəs] n. 수수께끼 그림 : a representation of words in the form of pictures or symbols,

often presented as a puzzle rebus : dissimulation :: dissimulate 숨기다, 가장하다

symbols : rebus :: notes: score

rebut [ribʌ t] v. 반박, 논박하다 rebut ↔ affirm, confirm, fortify, strengthen

recalcitrant [rikǽlsətr-ənt] a. 반항하는, 다루기 힘든 : marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority

or guidance incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (OPPOSITE) recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL) impudent 뻔뻔스러운 characterized by offensive boldness brazen 놋쇠로 만든; 파렴치한, 철면피의, 뻔뻔스러운

recalcitrant ↔ amenable, submissive, tractable

recant [rikǽnt] vi. (진술, 믿음 등을) 철회하다 : RENOUNCE : to make a formal retraction or disavowal of (a statement or

belief to which one has previously committed oneself) 예; Darwin’s final recantation

apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B 버린 상태 = A) apostasy 배교, 변절, 탈당 heresy 이론, 반론; 이단

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recantation : error :: confession : crime recantation : confess :: recant ↔ reaffirm, declare, affirm, avow avow 언명하다, 인정하다

recapitulate [rì:kəpít∫əlèit|-tju-] v. 요약하다; (생물) 발생에서 진화

를 재현하다 1. to repeat in concise form 2. (biology) to appear to repeat (the evolutionary stage of

the species) during the embryonic development of the individual organism

recapitulate : summary :: enumerate : list

receipt [risíːt] n. 영수증; 수령, 인수 1. a. the act of receiving b. the fact of being or having been received 2. often receipts a quantity or amount received 3. a written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum

of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received

4. a recipe

receptacle [riséptək-əl] n. 그릇, 용기; 저장소; 피소 : a container that holds items or matter

bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle

recess [risés, rí:səs] n. 휴식, 휴게, 휴회 v. ~을 휴회(중단)시키다 recess : halt ::

recessive [risésiv] a. 후퇴하는, 역행하는; 열성(劣性)의, 잠재성의 : tending to go backward or recede * recession n.

dominant ↔ recessive dominant 지배적인, 유력한; 뛰어나게 높은, 우뚝 솟은; 우성(優性)

의 recession ↔ boom, enlargement, expansion

recidivism [risídəvìz-əm] n. 상습적 범죄 : a tendency to lapse into a previous pattern of behavior,

especially a tendency to return to criminal habits recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce rehabilitate 사회로 복귀시키다; 재건하다, (명예, 신용 등을) 회복

시키다 convalesce (병에서) 서서히 회복되다 to return to health and

strength after illness; recuperate recuperate 회복하다, 재기하다 to return to health or strength; to

recover from financial loss recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine :: sycophant : flatter recidivism ↔ reformed behavior

reciprocate [risíprəkèit] vi. 보답하다, 주고받다 1. to give or take mutually; interchange 2. to show, feel, or give in response or return

reciprocating ↔ moving unidirectionally

reciprocal [risíprək-əl] a. 상호간의; 보답의, 답례의 1. concerning each of two or more persons or things 2. interchanged, given, or owed to each other 3. performed, experienced, or felt by both sides 4. interchangeable; complementary

reciprocal ↔ secund secund 한쪽으로 치우친 (botany & zoology) arranged on or turned

to one side of an axis

reciprocate v. 보답하다; 교환하다, 주고받다 1. to give or take mutually; interchange 2. to show, feel, or give in response or return

reciprocating ↔ moving unidirectionally, unidirectional

reckless [réklis] a. 앞뒤 안 가리는, 무모한

1. a. heedless or careless b. headstrong; rash 2. indifferent to or disregardful of consequences

circumspect, measured ↔ audacious, reckless, unscrupulous

reclaim [rikléim] v. 갱생시키다, 개간하다 : REFORM, TAME, SUBDUE

1. to bring into or return to a suitable condition for use, as cultivation or habitation

2. to bring back, as from error, to a right or proper course; reform

3. to tame (a falcon, for example)

recluse [riklúːs, rékluːs] n. 은둔자 : a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion

and often in solitude poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람

recluse : communicate :: roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw :: bigot : biased roister 법석을 떨다; 으스 다 carouse [kəráuz] 떠들썩하게 마시다, 흥청 다

recluse : sociable :: turncoat : consistency : recluse : companion turncoat 배반자, 변절자 compassion 동정, 연민

recluse : society :: shirk : duty :: reactionary : change (B는 A의 대상, Bigbook 13)

recluse : crowd :: claustrophobia : enclosure claustrophobia 폐 공포증

recluse : solitude :: toady : favor (A는 B를 추구함) toady 아첨꾼 a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving

reasons; a sycophant reclusive : isolation :: toady : favor recluse ↔ social

recoil [rikɔ il] vi. 되 튀다, 반동하다; 후퇴하다, 물러가다 1. to spring back, as upon firing 2. to shrink back, as in fear or repugnance 3. to fall back; return

recoil ↔ advance

reconcile [rékənsàil] v.t. 화해시키다, 중재하다; 조화시키다 1. to reestablish a close relationship between 2. to settle or resolve 3. to bring (oneself) to accept 4. to make compatible or consistent

rift ↔ reconciliation rift 갈라진 틈, 균열

recondite [rékəndàit, rikɑ ndait] a. 난해한, 거의 알려지지 않은 : DEEP

1. not easily understood; abstruse 2. concerned with or treating something abstruse or obscure 3. concealed; hidden

recondite : grasp :: inconspicuous : spot recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate :: captious : placate (A하면 B하기 힘든)

serpentine : directness :: recondite : pellucidity serpentine 뱀 같은, 구불구불한; 음흉한, 교활한

respect : baseness :: study : reconditeness (B하면 A하기 어렵다) recondite : comprehend :: knotty : solve (A는 B하기 힘든) recondite ↔ widely understood, patent, self-explaining, self-evident, easy, comprehensive, fathomable patent 특허의; 명백한, 분명한

reconnaissance [rikɑ nisəns|-kɔ n-] n. 조사, 검사; 답사; 정찰 : an inspection or exploration of an area, especially one made

to gather military information

reconnoiter [ːkənɔ itəːr, rèk-] vi. 정찰하다, 답사하다

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: to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order to gather military information

reconnoiter : information :: prowl : prey prowl [praul] 서성거리다, 배회하다 to roam through stealthily, as in

search of prey or plunder plunder 약탈하다, 훔치다

reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes

reconstitute [rìːkɑ nstətjùːt] v.t. 원 상태로 돌리다, 재건/복원

하다 1. to provide with a new structure 2. to bring (a liquid in concentrated or powder form) to

normal strength by adding water reconstitute ↔ dehydrate

reconvene [ri:kənví:n] v. 다시 소집하다 disperse : reconvene :: dismiss : reinstate

rectify [réktəfai] v. 조정하다 : ADJUST 1. to set right; correct 2. to correct by calculation or adjustment

rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis treaty 조약, 협정; 조약문서

rectitude [réktətjùːd] n. 정직, 공정 : RIGHTEOUSNESS 1. moral uprightness; righteousness 2. the quality or condition of being correct in judgment 3. the quality of being straight

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse (OPPOSITE) perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist perspicacious 명민한 having or showing penetrating mental

discernment; clear-sighted rectitude ↔ inequity, improbity, dishonesty, unscrupulousness inequity 불공정, 불공평, 편견 injustice; unfairness improbity 부정직, 불성실

recumbent [rikʌ mbənt] a. 누워 있는, 활동 없는 1. lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest;

reclining 2. resting; idle

recumbent ↔ standing up

recuperative [rikjúːpərèitiv] a. 회복력이 있는 * recuperate [rikjú:pəreit] v. 회복하다, 재기하다 1. to return to health or strength; recover 2. to recover from financial loss

recuperative ↔ debilitating debilitate 약하게 하다 to sap the strength or energy of; enervate

recur [rikə ːr] v. 재발하다; 다시 떠오르다, 회상하다 1. to happen, come up, or show up again or repeatedly 2. to return to one's attention or memory 3. to return in thought or discourse * recurrent 재발하는, 빈발하는

periodic : recur :: evanescent : vanish evanescent 덧없는, 무상한; 근소한, 눈에 띄지 않는 vanishing or

likely to vanish like vapor recurrence ↔ happening one time

redeem [ridí:m] a. (외상값, 채무를) 값다, 상환하다, 회복(만회)하다

redistribute [ri:distríbju(:)t] v. 재분배하다 : to distribute again in a different way; reallocate

inequity : redistribution :: illiteracy : education

redolent [réd-ələnt] a. 향기 나는; 생각나게 하는, 암시하는 : AROMATIC

1. having or emitting fragrance; aromatic 2. suggestive; reminiscent

redolent : smell :: piquant : taste redolent ↔ unscented, lack of odor, fetid

redoubtable [ridáutəb-əl] a. 가공할, 존경할 만한: FORMIDABLE 1. arousing fear or awe; formidable 2. worthy of respect or honor

formidable 무서운, 위협적인; 경이감을 일으키는; 힘센, 강력한 redoubtable : regard :: exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: credible : belief, trust

redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard regard 존경, 존경하다 redoubtable ↔ not formidable, unimpressive, disregard

redress [rí:dres|ridrés] n. 교정, 구제 v. 고치다, 바로잡다; 경감하다, 누그러뜨리다; 되찾다 : REMEDY

1. to set right; remedy or rectify 2. to make amends to 3. to adjust (a balance, for example)

redundant [ridʌ ndənt] a. 남아도는, 불필요한, 장황한 : SUPERFLUOUS

1. exceeding that is necessary or natural; superfluous 2. needlessly repetitive; verbose

indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability indigent 궁핍한 experiencing want or need; impoverished

redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack knack 요령, 비결; 특성, 성향

redundant : superfluity :: pertinent : relevance redundant ↔ economical redundance, redundancy ↔ conciseness, essentialness

reedy [r í:di] 갈 피리 같은 소리가 나는, 높고 날카로운 (shrill, piping)

reel [riːl] n. 릴, 감는 틀, 실패, 얼레 reel : winding :: die : shaping

refectory [rifékt-əri] n. 구내식당 : a room where meals are served, especially in a college or

other institution

referee [refərí:] n. 심판; 중재인, 조정관 : one to whom something is referred, especially for

settlement, decision, or an opinion as to the thing's quality referee : field :: jude : courtroom referee : whistle :: judge : gavel :: auctioneer : gavel (B는 A가 쓰는 도구)

auctioneer 경매인 gavel (의장, 판사, 경매인 등이 쓰는) 작은 망치

refinery [rifáinəri] n. (석유, 설탕을 정제하는) 정유소 : an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance, such as

petroleum or sugar refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain petroleum [pətróuliəm] 원유

refine : purification :: attenuate : rarefaction crass ↔ refined crass [kræs] 세련되지 못한, 거친; 둔한, 어리석은

refine ↔ reduce purity

reflective [rifléktiv] a. 반사에 의한, 투영된; 심사숙고하는 : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE

1. a. of, relating to, produced by, or resulting from reflection b. capable of or producing reflection

2. characterized by or given to meditation or contemplation; thoughtful

* reflect * reflection

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mirror : reflective :: raft : buoyant reflection : light :: echo : sound reflect ↔ absorb unreflective ↔ ruminative

refractory [rifrǽkt-əri] a. 다루기 힘든, 고집센, 완고한, 순종하

지 않는, 난치의 : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE 1. obstinately resistant to authority or control 2. difficult to melt or work; resistant to heat 3. resistant to treatment

adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control (OPPOSITE) adamant 견고한 impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly

unyielding recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change pertinacity : refractory :: inexperience : green pertinacious 고수하는; 끈질긴, 집요한

refractory ↔ responsive, docile, amenable docile 순한, 고분고분한, 다루기 쉬운

refresh [rifréʃ] v.t. 상쾌하게 하다 : REVIVE 1. to revive with or as if with rest, food, or drink; give new

vigor or spirit to 2. to give new freshness or brightness to; restore 3. to make cool, clean, or moist; freshen up 4. to renew by stimulation 5. to fill up again; replenish

disgruntle ↔ refresh disgruntle 언짢게 하다 to make discontented

refugee [rèfjudʒíː, --- ] n. 난민 : one who flees in search of refuge, as in times of war,

political oppression, or religious persecution refugee : asylum :: asylum [əsáiləm] 보호시설; 피난처, 성역; 보호

refulgent [rifʌ ldʒənt] a. 빛나는, 찬란한 : a. shining radiantly; resplendent

refulgent ↔ lackluster

refuse [réfjuːs] n. 쓰레기 : TRASH, GARBAGE : items or material discarded or rejected as useless or

worthless; trash or rubbish refuse ↔ valuable thing, useful material

refute [rifjúːt] v.t. 반박하다, 논파하다 1. to prove to be false or erroneous; overthrown by

argument or proof 2. to deny the accuracy or truth of * irrefutable adj. 반박(논파)할 수 없는

refutation ↔ verification refute ↔ verify, affirm, prove refutable ↔ indisputable irrefutable ↔ deniable

regard [rigɑ ːrd] n. 존경 : ESTEEM 1. to look at attentively; observe closely 2. to look upon or consider in a particular way 3. to hold in esteem or respect 4. to relate or refer to; concern 5. to take into account; consider

exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard culpable 비난할 만한 deserving of blame or censure as being wrong,

evil, improper, or injurious redoubtable 가공할; 존경할 만한 worthy of respect or honor

flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) flout 경멸하다, 비웃다 to show contempt for; scorn taunt 비웃다, 꾸짖다 to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or

contemptuous manner redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard despicable 천한, 비열한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile

regenerate [ridʒénərèit] v. 개심시키다, 재건하다; 재생시키다 1. to reform spiritually or morally 2. to form, construct, or create anew, especially in an

improved state 3. to give new life or energy to; revitalize

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) truculent [trʌkjələnt] 잔혹한; 통렬한, 가차 없는

regimen [rédʒəmən, -mèn] n. 요양법, 섭생법; 지배, 통치, 관리 1. governmental rule or control 2. the systematic procedure of a natural phenomenon or

process 3. a. a regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise,

intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect

b. a course of intense physical training regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory mnemonics 기억술

regimen : health :: budget : solvency budget 예산; 운영비, 생활비 solvency 지급 능력; 용해력

regiment [rédʒəmənt] n. army, 지배, 통치 v. ~을 연 로 편성하

다, ~을 엄격히 관리하다, 엄격히 훈련시키다 * regimentation n.

regimentation ↔ disorder, disorganization

regression [rigréʃən] n. 후퇴, 퇴화, 쇠퇴 1. reversion; retrogression 2. relapse to a less perfect or developed state

regressive ↔ forward

rehabilitate [rìːhəbìlətéit] v.복원하다;회복시키다;복권/복직시키다 1. to restore to good health or useful life, as through therapy

and education 2. to restore to good condition, operation, or capacity 3. to reinstate the good name of 4. to restore the former rank, privileges, or rights of

reinstate 본래 로 하다; 건강을 회복시키다; 복위/복권시키다 recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce convalesce (병후) 서서히 회복되다 to return to health and strength

after illness; recuperate recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (OPPOSITE) building : restoration :: person : rehabilitation rehabilitate ↔ debilitate, enervate

rehash [ri:hǽ∫] v. ~을 다시 만들다, (문제 등을) 다시 제기하다 n. 개작, 재탕, 개작물

reshape : form :: rehash : concept, means (0702)

rehearsal [rihә:rsəl] n. 예행연습 1. the act of practicing in preparation for a public

performance 2. a session of practice for a performance, as of a play 3. a detailed enumeration or repetition

impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberate

reign [rein] n. 통치, 지배 : SOVEREIGNTY 1. exercise of sovereign power, as by a monarch 2. the period during which a monarch rules 3. dominance or widespread influence

coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage coronation 관식

rein [rein] n. 고삐; 억제, 규제, 제어; 통제력, 지휘권 v. 억제, 제어하다

1. a means of restraint, check, or guidance 2. often reins a means or an instrument by which power is

exercised

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rein ↔ prod, impel prod 찌르다, 쑤시다; 자극/격려하다

reiterate [riːítərèit] v. 되풀이하다, 반복하다 : to say or do again or repeatedly

digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant (EQUAL) excursive 빗나가는, 산만한 of, given to, characterized by, or having

the nature of digression

rejoice [ridɔ is] v. 기뻐하다 : to feel joyful; be delighted

rejoice ↔ grouse, moroseness grouse [graus] 투덜 다(grumble), 불평하다

rejoiced ↔ sulky

relapse [rilǽps] vi. 다시 타락하다, 재발하다 n. 퇴보 1. to fall or slide back into a former state 2. to regress after partial recovery from illness 3. to slip back into bad ways; backslide

recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce convalesce 병에서 서서히 회복되다

recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine relapse ↔ advance, amendment, betterment, development, maturation, progress, improvement

betterment 향상, 개량, 개선

release [rilíːs] v.t. 풀어주다 constrain, immure, restrain ↔ release immure 가두다, 투옥하다; 제한하다

relegate [réləgeit] v. 지위를 떨어뜨리다; (종류, 등급 등에) 속하게 하다, 분류하다; 추방하다

1. to assign to an obscure place, position, or condition 2. to assign to a particular class or category; classify 3. to refer or assign (a matter or task, for example) for

decision or action 4. to send to a place of exile; banish

relentless [riléntlis] a. 엄격한, 가혹한, 완고한 1. unyielding in severity or strictness; unrelenting 2. steady and persistent; unremitting

unrelenting 확고부동한, 불굴의; 꾸준한 unremitting 끊임없는, 쉴 새 없는, 끈기 있는 never slackening;

persistent inexorable ↔ relenting inexorable 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한 not capable of being persuaded

by entreaty; relentless relentless ↔ clement relentless ↔ lenient, merciful, yielding, pliant, acquiescing

relevant [réləvənt] a. 관련된, 적절한 : having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand

immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness (OPPOSITE) immaterial 주요하지 않은, 하찮은; 부형의, 영적인

relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B) relevant ↔ immaterial irrelevant ↔ germane germane 접한 관계가 있는; 적절한

religion [rilídʒ-ən] n. 종교 religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy

relinquish [rilíŋkwiʃ] v.t. (소유, 권리 등을) 포기하다, 단념하다 : RELEASE 1. to retire from; give up or abandon 2. to put aside or desist from (something practiced,

professed, or intended) 3. to let go; surrender 4. to cease holding physically; release

relinquish : claim :: relinquish ↔ assume, cling to, procure, reward, keep, retain procure 손에 넣다, 입수하다

relish [réliʃ] v. 즐기다, 음미하다, 좋아하다 1. to take keen or zestful pleasure in 2. to enjoy the flavor of 3. to give spice or flavor to

relish ↔ despise

reluctant a. 내키지 않는, 마지못한, 꺼리는 1. unwilling; disinclined 2. exhibiting or marked by unwillingness 3. offering resistance; opposing

hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride hubris 자신 과잉, 교만

reluctance ↔ alacrity loquacity ↔ reluctance to speak reluctant ↔ enthusiastic

reminiscence [reməníṣəns] n. 회고, 회상 reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot machination (나쁜 짓) 모의하기, 책동 The act of plotting

remiss [rimís] a. 태만한, 부주의한 : LAX, CARELESS 1. lax in attending to duty; negligent 2. exhibiting carelessness or slackness

remiss ↔ scrupulous, punctilious, conscientious, painstaking, assiduous, earnest (wary는 답이 아님. 2006 9월 보기에 painstaking과 wary 함께 나왔음. wary는 ‘경계하는’의 뉘앙스만 강함) (calculating도 오답) punctilious 예절에 까다로운, 형식에 치우친; 꼼꼼한 earnest 진지한, 성실한 painstaking 애쓰는, 수고를 아끼지 않는, 부지런한(very careful and

diligent)

remnant [rémnənt] n. 나머지; 파편, 유물 1. something left over; a remainder 2. a leftover piece of fabric remaining after the rest has been

used or sold 3. a surviving trace or vestige 4. often remnants a small surviving group of people

shred : remnant :: remnant : residual ::

remodel [riːmɑ dl / -mɔ dl] v.t. 개조하다 : REMAKE : to make over in structure or style; reconstruct

construct : remodel :: compose : edit

remold [ri:móuld] v. ~을 개조하다, ~을 다시 만들다, n. 재생타이어 remold : shape :: amend : content

remonstrance [rimɑ nstr-əns / -mɔ n-] n. 항의, 항변 1. the act of remonstrating 2. an expression of protest, complain, or reproof, especially a

formal statement of grievances remonstrance : oppose :: syllogism : disprove syllogism [sílədʒìzəm] 삼단 논법; 추론

remonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censure :: applicant : appeal dissuade : ~하지 않도록 만류하다

remonstrate [rimánstreit|rémən-] v. 이의를 말하다, 항의하다; 충고하다, 간언하다

: to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof

remorse [rimɔ ːrs] n. 양심의 가책 : SELF-REPROACH : moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds;

bitter regret longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL, 명 : 동) rue 뉘우치다, 후회하다 to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for

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truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) truculent 잔혹한, 야만적인; 통렬한, 가차 없는 unregenerate 갱생하지 않는; 죄 많은

remorseless : compassion :: craven : courage (A에는 B가 없는) remorseful ↔ inpenitent, unrepentant

remote [rimóut] a. 멀리 떨어진, 외딴; 먼 장래의; 간접적인 (사람, 태도 등이) 쌀쌀한, 서먹서먹한

remote : affablility :: somber : levity (OPPOSITE) remote ↔ impending

remunerate [rimjúːnərèit] v.t. 보답하다 : RECOMPENSE 1. to pay (a person) a suitable equivalent in return for

goods provided, services rendered, or losses incurred; recompense

2. to compensate for; make payment for remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury retaliate 보복/복수하다 to return like for like, especially evil for evil

remunerate ↔ deprive, forfeit, punish, fail to pay remunerative ↔ unrequited unrequited 보답 없는, 일방적인, 무보수의 not reciprocated or

returned in kind gainful ↔ unremunerative

rend [rend] v. 찢다, 분열시키다, (마음을) 어지럽히다 1. to tear or split apart or into pieces violently 2. to tear (one's garments or hair) in anguish or rage 3. to tear away forcibly; wrest 4. to pull, split, or divide as if by tearing 5. to pierce or disturb with sound 6. to cause pain or distress to

rend : tear :: dissipate : diminish :: rush : hurry rend ↔ unite, mend, repair, fuse, make whole

renegade [rénəgeid] n. 변절자, 배반자 : one who rejects a religion, a cause, an allegiance, or a

group for another; a deserter renege v. 낙심시키다, (약속을) 어기다

renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith apostate [əpásteit] 배교자, 탈당자 apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's

principles, or a cause

renounce [rináuns] vi. 포기하다; 거부하다, 부인하다 1. to give up (a title, for example), especially by formal

announcement 2. to reject; disown

renounce : pledge :: rescind : order pledge 약속, 서약; 공약; 저당, 담보 rescind 폐지/철회하다; (판결을) 취소하다

renounce ↔ claim, embrace, adhere to (exact from, clarify는 오답)

renovate [rénəvèit] v.t. 혁신하다; 기운 나게 하다 1. to restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or

remodeling 2. to impart new vigor to; revive

renovate ↔ cause to decay

renunciation [rinʌ nsiéiʃ-ən, -ʃi-] n. 포기, 단념; 부인, 거부; (욕망, 쾌락의) 자제

1. the act or an instance of renouncing 2. a declaration in which something is renounced renunciation ↔ adoption

reparation [reəréi∫ən] n. 보상; 수리, 수선; 회복 1. the act or process of repairing or the condition of being

repaired 2. the act or process of making amends; expiation 3. something done or paid to compensate or make amends

repartee [rèpɑːrtíː] n. 재치 있는 응답 1. a swift, witty reply 2. conversation marked by the exchange of witty retorts

retort 재치 있는 응수, 통렬한 반박, 말 꾸 retort :: repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation : language는 오답)

repatriate [riːpéitrièit] v. 본국으로 송환하다 : to restore or return to the country of birth, citizenship, or

origin repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE) ratification 승인, 인가, 비준 ratify 비준/재가하다; 실증하다 to approve and give formal sanction

to; confirm

repeal [ripíːl] v. 폐지하다, 철회하다 : to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification repatriate 본국으로 송환하다 to restore or return to the country of

birth, citizenship, or origin ratify 비준하다, 확증하다 to approve and give formal sanction to;

confirm repeal ↔ ratify repeal ↔ authorization

repel [ripél] v.t. 물리치다, 격퇴하다, 몰아내다; 불쾌감을 느끼다 1. to ward off or keep away; drive back 2. to offer resistance to; fight against 3. to refuse to accept; reject 4. to turn away from; spurn 5. to cause aversion or distaste in 6. to be resistant to; be incapable of absorbing or mixing with

repel ↔ lure, welcome, attract court ↔ repel intentionally court 환심을 사려고 하다, 비위를 맞추다; 구애/구혼하다; 유혹하다

repelling ↔ entrancing, winsome winsome 사람을 끄는, 매력 있는; 명랑한, 쾌활한

repellent [ripélənt] a. 불쾌한; 쫓아버리는 1. a. serving or tending to repel b. able to repel 2. inspiring aversion or distaste; repulsive 3. resistant or impervious to a substance ex. water-repellent

repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (OPPOSITE) entrancing ↔ disappointing, disgusting, repellent, repulsive entrancing 넋을 잃게 하는, 매혹적인

repertoire [répəːrtwɑ ːr] n. 목록, 연주 목록 1. the stock of songs, plays, operas, readings, or other pieces

that a player or company is prepared to perform 2. the range or number of skills, aptitudes, or special

accomplishments of a particular person or group palette : color :: repertoire : play repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting

repine [ripáin] v. 투덜 다 1. to be discontented or low in spirits; complain or fret 2. to yearn after something

fret 안달 나다, 초조해하다 to cause to be uneasy; vex yearn 갈망하다, 그리워하다; 동정하다

repine ↔ express joy

replete [riplíːt] a. 충분한, 풍부한; 포식한, 배부른 1. abundantly supplied; abounding 2. filled to satiation; gorged 3. complete

replete : affluent (CHARACTER) replete : abundant :: (CHARACTER) repletion ↔ want, emptiness, privation, deprivation privation 박탈, 몰수; 결핍, 부족

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reportage n. 취재 활동; 보도 기사 1. the reporting of news or information of general interest 2. something reported

reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportorial ↔ imaginative

repose [ripóuz] n. 휴식, 휴양; 정적, 평온; 침착, 평정 1. the act of resting or the state of being at rest 2. freedom from worry; peace of mind 3. calmness; tranquility

guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose expiation 속죄, 죗값을 치르기 expiate 속죄하다 to make amends or reparation for; atone reparation 보상; 수리, 수선 atone 벌충하다, 보상하다 to make amends, as for a sin or fault

dehydrate : water :: fatigue : repose :: fade : brightness breach : continuity :: disturb : repose repose ↔ agitation, disequilibrium disequilibrium 불균형, 불안정

reportorial [rèpəːrtɔ ːriəl] a. 보고서적인, 사실에 입각한 reportorial ↔ imaginative

reprehensible [rèprihénsəb-əl] a. 비난할 만한 : CULPABLE : deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy

lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure :: despicable : contempt censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible approbation 찬성, 승인; 칭찬, 찬양

reprehensible ↔ praiseworthy, laudable, responsible

reprehension [rèprihénʃ-ən] n. 질책, 비난 : the act of rebuking or censuring; reproval

remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure remonstrance 항의, 항변; 충고, 간언, 타이름

jeer : derision :: reprehend : censure jeer 놀리다, 조롱하다, 야유하다 to speak or shout derisively; mock reprehend 꾸짖다, 책망하다 to reprove; censure

repress [riprés] v. 억누르다, 제지하다, 진압하다 1. to hold back by an act of volition 2. to put down by force, usually before total control has

been lost; quell * repression n. 억제, 진압

unrepressed ↔ restrained repress ↔ foster, license license 면허를 주다, 자유(latitude of action)를 주다, 허가하다 repression ↔ openness, friendliness, abandon, indulgence

reprieve [ripríːv] v. 형 집행을 연기하다; 일시적으로 (위험 등에서) 구하다

1. to postpone or cancel the punishment of 2. to bring relief to

reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity

reprimand [réprəmæ nd, -mɑ ːnd] v. 비난하다 : to reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way

reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure (A << B) disapprove : reprimand :: (A << B)

reprisal [ripráiz-əl] n. 보복, 앙갚음 1. retaliation for an injury with the intent of inflicting at

least as much injury in return 2. forcible seizure of an enemy's goods or subjects in

retaliation for injuries inflicted 3. the practice of using political or military force without

actually resorting to war

reproach [ripróutʃ] v. 비난하다, 질책하다 1. to express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment

in (someone)

2. to bring shame upon; disgrace * reproachable adj. * irreproachable adj. 나무랄 데 없는, 흠잡을 데 없는

irreproachable : blame :: upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid to reprove sharply; reproach

reproach : reprimand :: blame : censure (B=official A) reproachable : disapproval :: plaintive : sorrow nefarious, scurvy, culpable ↔ above reproach, virtuous nefarious 사악한, 부정한 infamous by away of being extremely wicked scurvy 천한, 상스러운, 한심한, 치사한 mean; contemptible

opprobrious ↔ irreproachable opprobrious 모욕적인, 상스러운; 창피한, 면목 없는

reproach ↔ eulogize, praise publicly reproachable ↔ exemplary, perfect, inculpable

reprobate [réprəbèit] n. 난봉꾼, 불량배 a. 타락한 v. 비난하다, 책망

하다 n. a morally unprincipled person a. morally unprincipled; shameless v. to disapprove of; condemn

reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn objectivity : partisan :: temperance : reprobate reprobate ↔ righteous individual, a virtuous person reprobation ↔ acclaim, acclamation

reprove [riprúːv] v. 책망하다, 질책하다 1. to voice or convey disapproval of; rebuke 2. to find fault with * reproof [riprúːf] n. 책망 : REBUKE

castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike :: glorification : merit :: soaking : damp (A >> B)

castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial reproof ↔ accolade, reassurance, compliment pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove (A << B) pretense 거짓 꾸미기, 가짜, 속임수; 흉내 내기; 허위

reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure (A << B)

reptile [réptil|-tail] n. 파충류의 동물; 비열한 인간 lizard : reptile :: orange : fruit :: finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: eagle : bird :: firefly, aphid : insect finch 되새류 [콩새, 멋쟁이새 등] aspen 버드나뭇과의 일종 [당버들, 사시나무]

repudiate [ripjúːdièit] v.t. 거절하다, 부인하다 1. to reject the validity or authority of 2. to reject emphatically as unfounded, untrue, or unjust 3. to refuse to recognize or pay 4. a. to disown (a child, for example) b. to refuse to have any

dealings with repudiate ↔ espouse, uphold repudiation ↔ affirm

repugnant [ripʌ gnənt] a. 싫은, 불쾌한; 혐오하는; 일치하지 않는, 양립할 수 없는

1. arousing disgust or aversion; offensive or repulsive 2. (logic) contradictory; inconsistent

odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel cogent 설득력이 있는; 적절한 appealing to the intellect or powers of

reasoning; convincing unpleasant : repugnant :: scanty : meager repugnance ↔ affinity

repulse [ripʌ ls] v. 퇴짜 놓다, 거부하다; 불쾌하게 만들다 : REPEL n. 거절, 거부, 반박, 배격, 퇴짜 놓기

1. to drive back; repel 2. to rebuff or reject with rudeness, coldness, or denial * repulsive adj.

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repulse ↔ captivate, entrance, amity amity 우호, 우정, 친목 repulse intentionally ↔ court dsappoint, disgusting, repellent, repulsive ↔ entrancing entrancing 넋을 빼앗는, 황홀케 하는, 매혹적인

repulsive ↔ amiable repulsion ↔ attraction

repute [ripjú:t] n. 평가, 세평; 호평, 명성 1. reputation 2. a good reputation

repute ↔ lack of distinction, challenge, doubt, question, obscurity, unimportance

requisite [rékwizit] a. 필요한, 불가결한 : required; essential

requisite ↔ unnecessary

requite [rikwáit] v. 보답하다, 복수하다 1. to make repayment or return for 2. to avenge

requite ↔ leave unrepaid/unpaid

rescind [risínd] v. 폐지하다, 철회하다 : to make void; repeal or annul

* rescission n. 무효, 취소, 폐지 the act of rescinding rescind : law :: withdraw : candidacy irrevocable : rescind :: irrevocable 돌이킬 수 없는, 취소할 수 없는 impossible to retract or

revoke rescind ↔ institute, enact, levy, legislate, enforce, ratify, validate, uphold levy 징수하다(collect), 할당하다(impose); 소집/징집하다(enroll);

(전쟁을) 시작하다, 걸다 rescission ↔ enactment, ratification

resentment [rizéntmənt] n. 분개; 적의, 원한 : indignation or ill will felt as a result of a real or imagined

grievance grievance 불평의 씨, 불만

reserved [rizə ːrvd] a. 예비의; 마음을 털어놓지 않는; (언행이) 조심스러운

1. held in reserve; kept back or set aside 2. marked by self-restraint and reticence

furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve (OPPOSITE) furtive : open :: flippant : reserved flippant 경박한, 덤벙 는 marked by disrespectful levity or

casualness; pert gregarious : reserved :: furtive : open expansive ↔ reserved, diffident diffident 자신 없는, 기가 죽은; 삼가는, 조심하는

unreserved ↔ qualified

reservoir [rézərvw :r] n. 저수지, 저장 reservoir : water :: wardrobe : clothes reservoir : water :: vault : valuables :: larder, pantry : food

residue [rézidju:] n. 나머지, 잔여; 찌꺼기 remainder : subtraction :: residue : evaporation

resign [rizáin] v. (운명 등을) 따르다; 사임하다 : QUIT 1. to submit (oneself) passively; accept as inevitable 2. to give up (a position, for example), especially by formal

notification 3. to relinquish (a privilege, right, or claim) * resignation n.

abdicate : throne :: resign : office resignation : official :: abdication : crown resignation ↔ claim, face, defiance, dissent

resilient [rizíljənt, -liənt] a. 곧 회복하는, 탄력 있는 1. marked by the ability to recover readily, as from

misfortune 2. capable of returning to an original shape or position, as

after having been compressed * resilience n.

resilient ↔ unable to adjust, unable to recover, brittle, conservative resilience ↔ inelasticity, inability of recover, rigidity

resin [rézin] n. 나무의 진, 송진 resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant

resolute [rézəlùːt] a. 굳게 결심한, 단호한 : RESOLVED : firm or determined; unwavering

malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion indubitable : question :: resolute : sway resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control obstreperous 사납게 날뛰는, 다루기 힘든; 떠들썩한, 시끄러운

resoluteness : will :: zeal : conviction resolute : determined :: (EQUAL) daunt ↔ make resolute daunt 위협하다, 위압하다; 기죽게 하다 to abate the courage of;

discourage jittery ↔ resolute jittery 신경질적인, 초조해하는 having or feeling nervous unease;

marked by jittering movements jitter 신경질, 안절부절 못하는 상태 to be nervous or uneasy

resolution ↔ vacillation, sway resolute ↔ wavering, faltering

resonant [réz-ənənt] a. 울려 퍼지는; 공명하는 1. strong and deep in tone; resounding 2. continuing to sound in the ears or memory; echoing 3. having a prolonged, subtle, or stimulating effect beyond

the initial impact full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound full-bodied 뚱뚱한; (내용이) 풍부한, 중요한; (술이) 감칠맛이 있는

resonant ↔ muffled, queit, mumbling, cacophonous, discordant, grating

resourceful [riːsɔ ːrsfəl, -zɔ ːrs-] a. 재치있는 : able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult

situations resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality, mercy

respire [rispɑ iər] v. 호흡하다, 숨쉬다; 한숨 돌리다 1. to breathe in and out; inhale and exhale 2. to undergo the metabolic process of respiration 3. to breathe easily again, as after a period of exertion or

trouble lung : respire :: tooth : masticate respire ↔ choke, smother, stifle, suffocate smother 덮다, 싸다; 질식시키다, 숨막히게 하다; 감추다, 은폐하다

respite [réspit] n. 일시적 중단, 잠깐의 휴식 : REPRIEVE 1. a usually short interval of rest or relief 2. (law) temporary suspension of a death sentence; a

reprieve reprieve 형 집행을 연기하다; 위안을 주다

respite : labor :: interim : concert interim [íntərim] 짬, 잠시 an interval of time between one event,

process, or period and nother fast : eat :: respite : labor plateau : change :: respite : activity plateau [plætóu] 고원, 지; 학습의 일시적 정지 상태

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moratorium : activity :: respite : labor

resplendent [rispléndənt] a. 화려한, 눈부신 : splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant

bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (EQUAL, 형:명) bootless without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent 찬란히 빛나는, 눈부신 shining brilliantly; resplendent

bravura : performance :: resplendence : appearance bravura 고도의 기교가 필요한 화려한 곡; 화려한 연주

resplendent ↔ dull, lackluster, drab lackluster 광택이 없는, 흐리멍덩한 lacking brightness, luster, or

vitality; dull

responsive [rispɑ nsiv / -spɔ n-] a. 응답하는; 민감한, 반응을 보이는 : SENSITIVE

1. answering or replying; responding 2. readily reacting to suggestions, influences, appeals, or

efforts 3. containing or using responses

dispassionate, feelingless ↔ responsive dispassionate 냉정한, 감정이 개입되지 않은 devoid of or

unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias

restive [réstiv] a. 조종받는 것을 참지 못하고 저항하는, 다루기 힘든, 고집 센; 차분하지 못한, 안절부절 못하는 : FIDGETY, BALKY

fidget(조마조마하(게하)다, 조마조마한 상태 / fidget with one's wach 조마조마하게 시계를 만지작거리다.)

balky : 고집센, 말을 안 듣는 1. uneasily impatient under restriction, opposition, criticism, or delay 2. resisting control; difficult to control 3. refusing to move

restive : serenity :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm :: piddling : considerable :: keen : obtuse :: (OPPOSITE) incogitant 분별없는, 경솔한 thoughtless; inconsiderate piddling 사소한, 하찮은 so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's

consideration restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness :: impetuous : patience :: impeccable : flaw (OPPOSITE)

restive ↔ calm, imperturbable, serene restiveness ↔ contentment, serenity(조용함,안정,평온,차분함) restiveness; 조종받기를 싫어함/ 억제, 비난, 꾸물거리는 것에 해

불편을 느껴 참을 수가 없는 것 ↔ contentment 만족, 안도, 평온 serene 조용한, 고요한, 평화로운

restless [réstlis] a. 침착하지 못한, 불안한; 항상 움직이는, 활동적인 1. marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest 2. not able to rest, relax, or be still 3. never still or motionless

restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent insolent 오만한, 거만한

restlessness ↔ composure

restore [ristɔ ːrr] v.t. 부흥하다, 재건하다 dilapidated ↔ restored dilapidate 황폐시키다, 망가뜨리다 to bring or fall into a state of

partial ruin, decay, or disrepair disrepair 파손 상태, 황폐 the condition of being in need of repair

eliminate ↔ restore

restrain [ristréin] v.t. 억누르다, 제약하다; 구속하다 1. a. to hold back or keep in check; control b. to hold (a

person) back; prevent 2. to deprive of freedom or liberty 3. to limit or restrict

temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist (EQUAL) temperate 삼가는, 온건한, 절도 있는; (기후 등이) 온화한 tenacious 몹시 집착하는; 고집 센

rakish : restrain :: slothful : assiduity rakish 방탕한, 난봉부리는; 음탕한 slothful 나태한, 게으른

restrain ↔ release bridled ↔ without restraint bridle [bráidl] 굴레; 구속, 억압

unrepressed, fervid ↔ restrained fervid 열렬한; 불타는 1. marked by great passion or zeal 2. extremely hot; burning

theatrical ↔ restraint theatrical 연극의; 부자연스러운, 거짓의; 과장된

resurgence [risə ːrrdʒənt] n. 소생, 부활 : RENAISSANCE 1. a continuing after interruption; a renewal 2. a restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor; a

revival resurgence ↔ extinguishment, waning, decline, extinguishment resurgent ↔ in decline

resuscitate [risʌ sətèit] v. 소생시키다; 부활시키다:REVITALIZE :to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to

extinct ↔ resuscitated resuscitation ↔ enervation

retain 1. to maintain possession of 2. to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position 3. to keep in mind; remember 4. to hire (an attorney, for example) by the payment of a fee 5. to keep in one's service or pay *retention 보유, 보존, 기억(력)

retain ↔ discard retention ↔ forgetfulness, amnesia retention ↔ release, liberation

retainer [ritéinəːr] n. 보유자/물; 신하, 종자 : SERVANT a. an employee, typically a long-term employee b. a servant or an attendant, especially one in the household

of a person of high rank retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retinue (집합적) 일행, 수행단 the retainers or attendants

accompanying a high-ranking person coven [kʌ vən] 마녀의 모임; (일반적으로) 집회 an assembly of 13

witches

retaliate [ritǽlièit] v. 앙갚음하다, 보복하다 : to return like for like, especially evil for evil

remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury remunerate 보수를 지불하다, 보답하다

retard [ritɑ ːrrd] v.t. 지체 시키다 : IMPEDE : to cause to move or proceed slowly; delay or impede

divert : shunt :: retard : brake shunt 비키게 하다, 회피하다; (차량이 다른 궤도로) 전철(轉轍)하다

expedite, catalyze, speed up ↔ retard expedite 촉진시키다; 신속히 처리하다; (공문서 등을) 발송하다

(dispatch), 급파하다(send out) precipitate, catalyze, expedite, speed up ↔ retard, dilatory dilatory 꾸물거리는, 더딘; 지연하는 intended to delay; tending to

postpone or delay

reticent [rétəs-ənt] a. 과묵한; 삼가는, 신중한 : RELUCTANT 1. inclined to keep one's thoughts, feelings, and personal

affairs to oneself 2. restrained or reserved in style 3. reluctant; unwilling 예문: be reticent about the matter 그 문제에 있어서 과묵(신중)

하다

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reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge gorge 작은 골짜기; 폭식, 과식

reticent : voluble :: (OPPOSITE) reticent ↔ effusive, talkative, vociferous, frank frank 거리낌없는, 터놓는, 숨김없는, 노골적인, 드러내놓는 vociferous ↔ reticent, monotone vociferous 떠들썩한; 성가신, 귀찮은 making, given to, or marked

by noisy and vehement outcry voluble, talkative, fluent, glib ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent reticent ↔ frank reticent ↔ communicative, garrulous, loquacious, prolix, voluble communicative 이야기하기 좋아하는, 터놓고 이야기하는

retinue [rét-ənjùː] n. (시종의) 일행, 수행원 : the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking

person retinue : attendant :: coven : witch → retainer retinue : attendant :: staff : officer :: suite : room suite 한 벌; 특별실, 스위트 룸; 조곡, 모음곡

retort [ritɔ ːrrt] n. 재치 있는 응수, 통렬한 반박; 말 꾸, 보복 : RETURN

v. 1. a. to reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner

b. to present a counterargument to 2. to return in kind; pay back n. a quick, incisive reply, especially one that turns the first

speaker's words to his or her own disadvantage retort : repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter repartee 재치 있는 응답, 명답 a swift, witty reply

retort : response ::

retouch [riːtʌ tʃ] v. 손질하다, 수정하다 1. to add new details or touches to for correction or

improvement 2. to improve or change (a photographic negative or print),

as by adding details or removing flaws 3. to color (recent growth of hair) to match hair that was

tinted, dyed, or bleached at an earlier date revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture

retract [ritrǽkt] v. 철회하다, 움츠러들다 1. to draw back; disavow 2. to draw back or in

disavow 거부하다, 책임을 부정하다 to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract (중국10회 section2 10) retract : statement :: repeal : legislation countermand : order :: revoke : license countermand 철회하다, 취소하다

retract ↔ foster, tender tender 제출하다; 접하다, 제공하다

retreat [ritríːt] n. 철수, 후퇴; 은퇴 1. a. the act or process of withdrawing, especially from

something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant b. the process of going backward or receding from a

position or condition gained 2. a place affording peace, quiet, privacy, or security 3. a. a period of seclusion, retirement, or solitude b. a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, and

study 4. withdrawal of a military force from a dangerous position

or from an enemy attack incursion ↔ retreat incursion 침입, 습격; (강물의) 유입

retrench [ritréntʃ] v. 줄이다, 삭감하다; 절약하다 1. to cut down; reduce 2. to remove, delete, or omit

retrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speed attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity :: retrench : money retrench ↔ enlarge, expand

retribution [retrəbjú:∫ən] n. 응보, 앙갚음, 보복 1. something justly deserved; recompense 2. something given or demanded in repayment, especially

punishment 3. (theology) punishment or reward distributed in a future

life based on performance in this one

retrograde [rétrəgrèid] a. 역행하는, 퇴보하는 1. moving or tending backward 2. opposite to the usual order inverted or reversed 3. reverting to an earlier or inferior condition

retrograde ↔ progressive

retrogress [rétrəgres] v. 후퇴하다, 퇴보하다 1. to return to an earlier, inferior, or less complex condition 2. to go or move backward

retrogress ↔ move forward

retrospective [rètrəspéktiv] a. 회고의, 추억에 잠기는 1. looking back on, contemplating, or directed to the past 2. looking or directed backward 3. applying to or influencing the past; retroactive 4. of, relating to, or being retrospective

retroactive 반동하는, 소급하는 influencing or applying to a period prior to enactment retrospective ↔ anticipatory

revamp [riːvǽmp] v. 수선하다/개조하다 1. To patch up or restore; renovate. 2. To revise or reconstruct (a manuscript, for example). 3. To vamp (a shoe) anew.

revel [r évəl] v. 야단법석하다, 흥청 다 n. 야단법석, 흥청 는 자리 * revelry n. 야단법석, 흥청 는 술잔치

revel ↔ act soberly revelry ↔ mournfulness

revelation [rèvəléiʃ-ən] n. 폭로, 적발; 계시, 천계(天啓) 1. the act of revealing or disclosing 2. something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of

something not previously known or realized revelation ↔ adumbration adumbrate 윤곽을 그리다; (어렴풋이) 보여주다 foreshadow 예시하다, 전조가 되다 to present an indication or a

suggestion of beforehand

revelry [rév-əlri] n. 야단 법석, 흥청 는 술잔치 : boisterous merrymaking

revelry ↔ mournfulness mournful 슬픔에 잠긴; 조의를 표하는; 음산한, 쓸쓸한

revenge [rivéndʒ] n. 복수 1. to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult) 2. to seek or take vengeance for (oneself or another person);

avenge mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge vindictive 복수심을 품은, 원한이 깊은 disposed to seek revenge;

revengeful

revere [rivíəːr] v. 경외하다 : to regard with awe, deference, and devotion

reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B) avidity 탐욕, 갈망 1. ardent desire or craving; eagerness 2. keen interest or enthusiasm

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reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe idolater 우상 숭배자; 심취자 one who blindly or excessively admires

or adores another venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn despicable 천한, 비열한 deserving of contempt or scorn; vile

elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence (EQUAL) exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence revere ↔ jape at, disparage, despise jape 놀리다, 희롱하다 to joke or quip quip 빈정거리다, 비꼬다, 놀리다

reverence ↔ despise reverent ↔ despicable, impudent, scornful irreverent ↔ respectful revere ↔ treat with indignity, profane, jape at (disgrace는 오답)

revile [riváil] v. 욕하다 : to assail with abusive language; vituperate

revile ↔ praise, adulate

revise [riváiz] v.t. 교정하다 1. to prepare a newly edited version of (a text) 2. to reconsider and change or modify

revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture

revive [riváiv] vi. 소생시키다, 기운 나게 하다 1. to bring back to life or consciousness; resuscitate 2. to impart new health, vigor, or spirit to 3. to restore to use, currency, activity, or notice 4. to restore the validity or effectiveness of 5. to renew in the mind; recall 6. to present (an old play, for example) again

revert : prior :: revive : conscious (CHARACTER) wither ↔ revive lull 달래다, 어르다; 진정시키다, 완화시키다

revoke [rivóuk] v. 무효로 하다, 취소하다 : to void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing

empower ↔ revoke the authority

revue [rivjúː] n. 시사 풍자극 : a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances,

often satirizing current events, trends, and personalities

revulsion n. (감정 등의) 급변, 격변, (~에 한 강한) 혐오, 반감 1.A sudden, strong change or reaction in feeling, especially

a feeling of violent disgust or loathing. 2.A withdrawing or turning away from something.

rewarding [riwɔ ːrdiŋ] a. 가치 있는, 보람 있는 : VALUABLE, SATISFYING

1. offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification 2. affording profit; remunerative 3. constituting a reward

remunerative 보수가 있는; 유리한(profitable), 수지맞는 drudgery ↔ rewarding work drudgery [drʌdʒəri] 천한/힘든 일, 고역 tedious, menial, or

unpleasant work

rhapsodize [rǽpsədaiz] v.i. (…을) 열광적으로 이야기하다 v.t. …을 (랩소디처럼) 낭송하다, 읊다.

: to express oneself in an immoderately enthusiastic manner

: to recite (something) in the manner of a rhapsody rhapsodize ↔ speak disimpassionately, speak calmly

ribald [ríb-əld] a. 상스러운, 야비한 : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE : characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor

lewd [lu:d] 음란한, 외설적인 a. preoccupied with sex and sexual desire b. obscene; indecent

ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct ribald ↔ seemly, proper seemly 품위있는, 단정한, 예의바른, 알맞은

rickety [ríkiti] a. 삐걱거리는, 허약한 : SHAKY 1. likely to break or fall apart; shaky 2. feeble with age; infirm 3. of, having, or resembling rickets(구루병)

clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety

rider [ráidəːr] n. 추가 조항, 부기 1. one that rides, especially one who rides horses 2. a. a clause, usually having little relevance to the main

issue, that is added to a legislative bill b. an amendment or addition to a document or record 3. something, such as the top rail of a fence, that rests on or

is supported by something else rider : bill :: endorsement : policy

ridicule [rídikjùːl] n. 비웃음, 조롱, 놀림 v. 비웃다, 조롱하다 : words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter

at or feelings toward a person or thing satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportage 취재 활동; 보도 기사

pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute pillory to expose to ridicule and abuse; to put in a pillory as punishment

risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness risible [rízəbl] 잘 웃는; 우스운, 익살맞은

ridicule : derision :: sublime ↔ ridiculous sublime [səbláim] 숭고한, 장엄한; 탁월한, 고상한

rife [raif] a. 유행하는, 가득 찬 : ABOUNDING 1. in widespread existence, practice, or use; increasingly

prevalent 2. abundant or numerous

rife : sparse :: rife ↔ sparse, scarce

riffraff [rífræf] n. 하층민; 잡동사니, 찌끼 1. people regarded as disreputable or worthless 2. rubbish; trash

riffraff ↔ aristocrat, gentry, nobility, throne

rift [rift] n. 틈, 불화 : BREACH, ESTRANGEMENT 1. a narrow fissure in rock 2. a break in friendly relations

faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil (EQUAL, 명 : 동) quibble 발뺌, 핑계, 구실 a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection quibble : failing :: rift : breach (A << B) rift ↔ reconciliation

rig [rig] v.t. (시세, 가격, 승부 등을) 조작하다 : to manipulate dishonestly for personal gain

rig : contest :: gerrymander : district gerrymander 자기 당에 유리한 선거구로 만들다; 제멋 로 고치다

rigid [rídʒid] a. 경직된, 굳은; 완고한, 융통성 없는; 엄한, 엄중한 1. not flexible or pliant; stiff 2. not moving; fixed 3. marked by a lack of flexibility; rigorous and exacting 4. scrupulously maintained or performed

circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid protean [proutí:ən] 변화무쌍한

rigid ↔ pliable, pliant

rigmarole [rígməròul] n.시시한 이야기;복잡한 과정,까다로운 절차 1. confused, rambling, or incoherent discourse; nonsense 2. a complicated, petty set of procedure

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rigmarole ↔ straightforward talk

rigorous [ríg-ərəs] a. 엄격한, 가혹한; 정확한, 엄 한 1. characterized by or acting with rigor 2. full of rigors; harsh 3. rigidly accurate; precise

rile [rail] v.t. 화나게 하다, 짜증나게 하다 : UPSET 1. to stir to anger 2. to stir up (liquid); roil

choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse choleric 화를 잘 내는, 격하기 쉬운

rile ↔ conciliate, make calm, appease, placate, gratify, soothe, please

rind [raind] n. 껍질, 외피; 외관, 겉보기 : a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some

fruits, or the coating on cheese or bacon

riot [ráiət] vi. 폭동을 일으키다; 야단법석을 떨다 n. 1. a wild or turbulent disturbance created by a large

number of people 2. (law) a violent disturbance of the public peace by three

or more persons assembled for a common purpose 3. an unrestrained outbreak, as of laughter or passions 4. a profusion 5. a. unrestrained merrymaking; revelry b. debauchery

profusion 량; 낭비, 사치 revelry 흥청망청 떠들기, 환락 debauchery 방탕, 도락; 유흥, 법석 extreme indulgence in sensual

pleasures; dissipation sedate ↔ riot sedate 차분한, 온화한; 조용한 serenely deliberate, composed, and

dignified in character or manner

ripen [rɑ ipən] v. (곡물 등이) 익다, 여물다; 원숙해지다 : to make or become ripe or riper; mature

ripen : maturity :: harden : solidity ripen : mature :: drain : empty

risible [rízəb-əl] a. 웃음을 자아내는, 우스운 : LAUGHABLE 1. relating to laughter or used in eliciting laughter 2. eliciting laughter; ludicrous 3. capable of laughing or inclined to laugh

risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness

rite [rait] n. 엄숙한 의식; 관습, 관례 1. the prescribed or customary form for conducting a

religious or other solemn ceremony 2. a ceremonial act or series of acts ritual n. 의식 a. 의례적인 ritualistic 의례적인

informality : ritualistic :: (A는 B이지 않은) rite ↔ improvised act improvise 즉석에서 짓다, 임시변통하다

rive [raiv] v.t. 찢다, 쪼개다; (마음을) 갈기갈기 찢다 : REND 1. to rend or tear apart 2. to break into pieces, as by a blow; cleave or split asunder 3. to break or distress (the spirit, for example)

rend 박살내다, 분쇄하다; 빼앗다; 잡아 뜯다 rive ↔ unite riven ↔ intact riven [rívən] [rive의 과거분사] 쪼개진, 찢긴 intact 온전한, 원래 로의

riveting [rívitiŋ] a. 매혹적인, 넋을 잃게 하는 : wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention;

fascinating riveting ↔ banal, vapid

rivulet [rívjəlit] n. 시내, 개울(brook)

: a small brook or steam; a streamlet pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream

robust [roubʌ st, róubʌst] a. 튼튼한, 굳센; 체력/인내심이 필요

한; 거친, 세련되지 못한 1. full of health and strength; vigorous 2. powerfully built; sturdy 3. requiring or suited to physical strength or endurance 4. rough or crude; boisterous 5. marked by richness and fullness; full-bodied

robust ↔ sick, decrepit, feeble, not strong

rococo [rəkóukou] n. 로코코(식) adj. 로코코 양식의, 지나치게 꾸민, 야한

1. style of art, especially architecture and decorative art, that originated in France in the early 18th century and is marked by elaborate ornamentation, as with a profusion of scrolls, foliage, and animal forms

2. a very ornate style of speech or writing rococo ↔ simple

rodent [róud-ən-t] n. (쥐, 다람쥐 등의) 설치류 kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent marsupial [ma:rsjú:piəl] (캥거루, 주머니쥐 등의) 유 동물

rodomontade [rɑ dəməntéid] n. 허풍, 호언장담 : pretentious boasting or bragging; bluster

pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade swagger 뽐내며 걷다, 허풍을 떨다

roil [rɔil] v. (포도주 등을) 휘저어 흐리게 만들다; 마음을 휘젓다, 초조하게 만들다

1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment 2. to displease or disturb; vex

roil ↔ clarify, appease, settle, release, calm

roister [rɔ istəːr] v. 술 마시며 떠들다, 법석을 떨다 : CAROUSE 1. to engage in boisterous merrymaking; revel noisily 2. to behave in a blustering manner; swagger

roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw carouse [kəráuz] 흥청 다, 떠들썩하게 마시다 recluse 은둔자 a person who withdraws from the world to live in

seclusion and often in solitude

rookie [rúki] n. 신인 선수; 풋내기, 초심자 professional : rookie :: soldier : recruit recruit 신병; 신참자, 신입생

roster [rɑ stəːr / rɔ s-] n. 근무 당번표; 명단 1. a list, especially of names 2. a list of the names of military officers and enlisted

personnel enrolled for active duty roster : personnel :: slate : candidate slate 슬레이트, 석판; 후보자 명단

roster : staff :: obituary : death obituary (신문 등의) 사망 광고

bibliography : publication :: roster : name (A는 B의 목록(list))

rostrum [rɑ strəm] n. 연단, 강단; DAIS rostrum : orator :: bench : judge

rosy [róuzi] a. 장밋빛의; (장래가) 밝은, 유망한; 낙관적인 1. a. having the characteristic pink or red color of a rose b. flushed with a healthy glow 2. consisting of, decorated with, or suggestive of a rose or

roses 3. bright or cheerful; optimistic

roundabout a. 우회적인 : CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT

rotundity [routʌ ndəti] n. 비만

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1. marked by roundness : ROUNDED 2. marked by fullness of sound or cadence : OROTUND,

SONOROUS *a master of rotund diction* 3. notably plump : CHUBBY * rotund adj.

rotund ↔ thin rotundity ↔ slimness, thinness

rouse [rauz] v.t. 자극하다 1. to arouse from slumber, apathy, or depression 2. to excite, as to anger or actin; stir up

quell, mollify, move quietly ↔ foment, instigate, rouse

rowdy [rɑ udi] n. 난폭한 사람, 싸움쟁이, 소란스러운 사람 a. 난폭한, 소란스러운

rowdy ↔ decorous decorous 품위있는, 예의바른, 단정한

royalty [rɔ iəlti] n. 왕족; 왕위; 기품; 인세, 사용료 royalty : payment :: subpoena : writ (A ∈ B) subpoena 소환장 writ 영장; 공식 문서

rubicund [rúːbikʌ nd] a. 혈색이 좋은, 홍조를 띤 : inclined to a healthy rosiness; ruddy

rubicund ↔ pale, pallid, wan rubicundity ↔ pallor pallor 안색이 나쁨 extreme or unnatural paleness

rubble [rʌ b-əl] n. 잡석 : a loose mass of angular fragments of rock or masonry

crumbled by natural or human forces. rubble ↔ unbroken stone

rudder [rʌ dəːr] n. 방향타; 지침 : a controlling agent or influence over direction; a guide

rude [ruːd] a. 버릇없는, 교양 없는, 가공하지 않은, 상스러운, 건장한

예; be in rude health 몹시 건강하다 1. Relatively undeveloped; primitive: a rude and savage

land 야만의 2. Lacking the graces and refinement of civilized life;

uncouth Lacking education or knowledge; unlearned. Ill-mannered; discourteous 교양 없는

3 Being in a crude, rough, unfinished condition: a rude thatched hut. Exhibiting a marked lack of skill or precision in work: rude crafts. In a natural, raw state: bales of rude cotton. 조잡한, 허름한

annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A하는 사람) rude : churl :: intrusive : interloper rude ↔ weak rude ↔ civil, learned, experienced civil 시민의, 국가의; 질서가 있는, 문명화된; 예의바른, 정중한

rude ↔ finished, refined, developed, sophiscated

rudiment [rúːdəmənt] n. 근본, 기초; 초기 상태, 시초 1. a fundamental element, principle, or skill, as of a field of

learning 2. something in an incipient or undeveloped form

rudimentary ↔ fully developed, fully evolved, completely involved, highly evolved, realized rudimentary 근본의; 미발달의, 미숙한 incipient 시작의, 초기의, 발단의 beginning to exist or appear

ruddy [rʌ di] a. 혈색 좋은; 불그레한(reddish) 1. having a healthy, reddish color 2. reddish; rosy

ruddy ↔ anemic anemic [əní:mik] 빈혈증의; 무기력한 lacking vitality; listless and

weak listless 내키지 않는, 무관심한; 굼뜬 lacking energy or disinclined to

exert effort; lethargic

rue [ruː] v. 후회하다, 뉘우치다 : to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret for * rueful [rú:fəl] a. 안쓰러운, 애처로운; 침울한, 슬퍼 보이는 1. inspiring pity or compassion 2. causing, feeling, or expressing sorrow or regret

longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL) rue ↔ satisfy rue ↔ exult in rueful ↔ impenitent impenitent 뉘우치지 않는; 완고한

ruffian [rʌ fiən] n. 악당, 깡패 : BULLY

ruffle [rʌ f-əl] v. 물결이 일게 하다; 성나게/짜증나게 하다; (천에) 주름을 잡다

v.t. 1. to disturb the smoothness or regularity of; ripple 2. to pleat or gather (fabric) into a ruffle 3. to erect (the feathers). used of birds 4. to discompose; fluster 5. to flip through (the pages of a book)

fluster 당황하게 하다, 혼란하게 하다 to make or become nervous or upset hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel coolheaded ↔ excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled ruffle ↔ soothe, preen

ruminate [rúːmənèit] v. 심사숙고하다 : to turn a matter over and over in the mind

museful : ruminative :: lamentable : plaintive (EQUAL) muse 심사숙고하다, 생각에 잠기다; 유심히 바라보다 plaintive 구슬픈, 슬픔을 자아내는, 애처로운

ruminate : decide :: (A → B) ruminative ↔ unreflective

rumple [rʌ mp-əl] v. 구기다 : FOLD, WRINKLE : to wrinkle or form into folds or creases

rumple : shirt :: rumple ↔ preen, glaze preen 부리로 다듬다(trim); 자랑하다, 우쭐 다

run [rʌn] n. 연속 공연 : an unbroken sequence of theatrical performances

run : performance ::

rupture [rʌ ptʃəːr] n. 파열, 터짐; 불화, 단절, 다툼 1. a. the process of breaking open or bursting b. the state of being broken open 2. a break in friendly relations

rupture ↔ remain unbreakable

ruse [ruːz] n. 계략, 음모 : a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge

paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive, deceived (A는 B의 속성을 지님) paroxysm [pǽrəksìzəm] 격발; 발작, 경련

ruse : honest :: ruse ↔ trustful action

rustic [rʌ stik] a. 시골의, 전원풍의; 소박한 : RURAL 1. of, relating to, or typical of country life or country people 2. marked by a lack of sophistication or elegance 3. appropriate for use in the country

polished, urbane ↔ rude, rustic urbane polite, refined, and often elegant in manner

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rustle [rʌ sliŋ] v. (나뭇잎, 종이 등이) 바스락거리다; 활발하게 움직이다; 가축을 훔치다

1. to move with soft fluttering or crackling sounds 2. to move or act energetically or with speed 3. to forage food 4. to steal livestock, especially cattle

plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents (베끼다)

S sabbatical [səbǽtikəl] a. 안식일의; 유급 휴가의

sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation infatuation 열중, 심취

sabotage [sǽbətɑ ːʒ, -tidʒ] v.t. 파괴 행위를 하다, 방해하다 n. 1. destruction of property or obstruction of normal

operations, as by civilians or enemy agents in time of war

2. treacherous action to defeat or hinder a cause or an endeavor; deliberate subversion

saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend sabotage : subversion :: bully : intimidation (EQUAL) subvert 전복/타도하다; 부패/타락시키다

sabotage ↔ build, repair, construct, strengthen, rehabilitate, benefit

saccharine [sǽkəràin] a. 달콤한; 매우 정중한, 지나치게 친절한 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of sugar or saccharin;

sweet 2. having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character 3. excessively sentimental

sugar : saccharine :: butter : margarine margarine 인조버터, 마가린

acerbic ↔ saccharine

sacerdotal [sæserdóutel] a. 성직자(사제)의; 성직 존중의 sacerdotal ↔ lay, secular, irreverent

sacrifice [sǽkrəfàis] n. 산 제물 바치는 일; 희생 1. a. the act of offering something to a deity in propitiation

or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or a person

b. a victim offered in this way 2. a. forfeiture of something highly valued for the sake of

one considered to have a greater value or claim b. something so forfeited 3. a. relinquishment of something at less than its presumed

value b. something so relinquished c. a loss so sustained

forfeit 벌금, 과료; 추징금; 상실, 박탈 worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury

sacrilege [sǽkrəlidʒ] n. 신성 모독 : desecration, profanation, misuse, or theft of something

sacred * sacrilegious adj. 신성을 더럽히는, 신앙심이 없는 * sacrosanct a. 더할 나위 없이 신성한

sacrilege ↔ respect, reverence, pious action pious 신앙심 깊은, 경건한(religious, devout); 종교를 빙자한, 위선

적인(hypocritical0 sacrilegious ↔ reverent, worshipful sacrosanct ↔ vulnerable to disapprobation, vulnerable to reprobation

saddle[sǽdl]v. (말에) 안장을 놓다; (책임, 세금 등을) 지우다, 부과하

다 1. to put a saddle onto 2. to load or burden; encumber

encumber 방해하다, (의무 등을) 지우다, 막다

saddle ↔ unload

safeguard [séifgɑ ːrd] n. 보호수단; 안전장치 safeguard : harm :: safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination quarantine (질병 예방을 위한) 격리; 검역국, 격리소

sag [sæg] v. 축 처지다, 내려앉다; 맥이 빠지다, 낙심하다 1. to sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight 2. to lose vigor, firmness, or resilience 3. to decline, as in value or price

saga [sɑ :gə] n. 무용담, 하소설 saga : narrative :: epic : poem saga ↔ anecdote

sage [seidʒ] n. 현명한 사람 a. 현명한 * sagacious [səgéiʃəs] a. (판단, 통찰력 등) 현명한; 후각이

예민한 : DISCERNING : having or showing keen discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness

prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat daredevil 앞뒤를 가리지 않는, 저돌적인 (사람) one who is recklessly

bold miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage 슬기로운/현명한 사람; 현인, 철인 one venerated for experience,

judgment, and wisdom sage : judgment :: knave : deceit knave [neiv] 악한, 깡패

sensitive : boor :: sagacity : simpleton (OPPOSITE) constant : stalwart :: judicious : sagacious (EQUAL) sage : wisdom :: veteran : experience :: philanthropist : benevolence sagacious ↔ without wisdom, folly, fatuous fatuous 어리석은, 바보 같은, 어수룩한

sagacity ↔ folly, simpleton sage ↔ fool

salacious [səléi∫əs] a. 호색의, 외설스러운, 추잡한 salacious ↔ chaste

salient [séiliənt, -ljənt] a. 현저한, 두드러진; 튀어나온, 돌출한 1. projecting or jutting beyond a line or surface; protruding 2. strikingly conspicuous; prominent 3. springing; jumping

salient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understand subtle : ignore :: salient : observe salient ↔ inconspicuous, reentrant, unconspicuous reentrant 오목한 pointing inward

sallow [sǽlou] adj. 혈색이 나쁜 : of a grayish greenish yellow color

sallow ↔ ruddy

sally [sǽli] v. 반격(출격)하다, 힘차게 나가다, 솟아나오다 1. to rush out or leap forth suddenly 2. to issue suddenly from a defensive or besieged position to

attack an enemy 3. to set out on a trip or an excursion

sally ↔ move slowly, dawdle, move back sally ↔ arrive, come

salmon [sǽmən] n. 연어 salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology [ìkθiálədʒi] 어류학 herpetology 파충류학

salubrious [səlúːbriəs] a. 건강에 좋은 : conducive or favorable to health or well-being

salubrious : health :: instructive : comprehension instructive conveying knowledge or information; enlightening

salubrious, salutary ↔ baneful, noxious, unhealthy, morbid, squalid,

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deleterious, virulent, injurious baneful 파멸시키는; 해로운, 독이 있는 causing death, destruction,

or ruin; harmful morbid 병적인, 과민한; 병에 기인하는 squalid 지저분한, 누추한; 비참한, 한심스러운; 비열한 deleterious [dèlitíəriəs] 해로운 having a harmful effect; injurious virulent [vírjələnt] 독이 있는, 치명적인; 적의에 찬, 신랄한; 심술

궂은 salubrious ↔ unhealthy, deleterious insalubrious ↔ wholesome insalubrity ↔ healthfulness

salutary [sæ ljətèri / -t-əri] a. 유익한, 건강에 좋은: CURATIVE 1. effecting or designed to effect an improvement; remedial 2. favorable to health; wholesome

deleterious, unhealthy, baneful, deleterious ↔ salutary, salubrious deleterious 해로운, 해독을 끼치는 having a harmful effect; injurious

salutation [sæ ljətéiʃ-ən] n. (말, 몸짓에 의한) 인사; 인사말 1. a. a polite expression of greeting or goodwill b. greetings indicating respect and affection; regards 2. a gesture of greeting, such as a bow or kiss 3. a word or phrase of greeting used to begin a letter

salutation : welcome :: applause : praise

salute [səljú:t] v. (예의바르게) 인사하다, 경례하다, 경의를 표하다, 맞이하다 n. 인사, 경례

salute : respect :: nod :assent

salvage [sǽlvidʒ] n. 해난 구조 v. 구출하다 1. to save from loss or destruction 2. to save (discarded or damaged material) for further use

salvage ↔ abandon

salve [sæ(ː)v, sɑːv] n. 연고, 고약; 위안; 아첨 1. an analgesic or medicinal ointment 2. something that soothes or heals; a balm 3. flattery or commendation

placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous unctuous 기름기 있는; 지나치게 거드름을 피우는; 간살을 부리는,

말주변이 좋은 salve ↔ irritant salving ↔ catalyst

salvo [sǽlvou] n. 일제 사격; 위안 1. a. simultaneous discharge of firearms b. the simultaneous release of a rack of bombs from an

aircraft c. the projectiles or bombs thus released 2. something resembling a release or discharge of bombs or

firearms, as: a. a sudden outburst, as of cheers or praise b. a forceful verbal or written assault

sanctify [sǽŋktəfài] v.t. 신성하게 하다; 깨끗이 하다, 정화하다 : CONSECRATE 1. to set apart for sacred use; consecrate 2. to make holy; purify 3. to give religious sanction to, as with an oath or a vow 4. to give social or moral sanction to 5. to make productive of holiness or spiritual blessing

desecrate ↔ sanctify, revere desecrate 신성을 모독하다 to violate the sacredness of; profane

sanctuary [sǽŋ:kt∫u`əri] n. 성역, 사원, 교회 sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection

sanctum 성소, 신성한 장소 1. a sacred or holy place. 2. a private place where one is free from intrusion.

sanctum : ? :: refuge : offence

sanctimonious [sæ ŋktəmóuniəs] a. 독실한 신자인 체하는 : feigning piety or righteousness

sanctimonious : devouted :: unctuous : earnest unctuous 기름기가 도는; 매끄러운; 상냥한; (겉으로만) 열심인 체하

는

sanction [sǽŋkʃən] v. 인가하다, 공인하다, 비준하다 1. to give official authorization or approval to 2. to encourage or tolerate by indicating approval

sanction ↔ refuse to tolerate, forbid, proscribe, reject

sanctuary [sǽŋktʃuèri / --əri] n. 성역; 보호 구역, 피난처 sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection sanctuary : protection :: wilderness : peril (A = B가 있는 곳) wilderness Something characterized by bewildering vastness,

PERILOUSNESS, or unchecked profusion: the wilderness of the city; the wilderness of counterespionage.

peril 위험, 위기; 모험

sand [sænd] v. 사포질하다 : to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an abrasive

(as sandpaper) varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth sand : dune :: word : sentence (water : canal 관계는 오답)

sang-froid [sɑ:ŋfrwɑ :] n. 침착, 냉정 sang-froid : perturbation :: obstinancy : sway :: obstinancy : flexibility sang-froid ↔ agitation

sanguine [sǽŋgwin] a. 불그스레한; 자신만만한, 낙천적인 : CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC

1. a. (color) of the color of blood; red b. of a healthy reddish color; ruddy

2. cheerfully confident; optimistic sanguine : blooded :: confident : optimistic sanguine ↔ despondent, morose, hopeless despondent 낙담한, 풀이 죽은, 의기소침한 feeling or expressing

despondency; dejected morose 시무룩한, 기분이 언짢은 sullenly melancholy; gloomy

sanitation [sæ nətéiʃ-ən] n. 공중위생 1. formulation and application of measures designed to

protect public health 2. disposal of sewage(하수, 오수)

censorship : information :: sanitation : disease noxious ↔ wholesome, sanitary, innocuous sanitary 위생의; 깨끗한, 위생적인

insanitation ↔ healthfulness

sap [sæp] v. 차차 약화시키다 : UNDERMINE 1. to undermine the foundations of (a fortification) 2. to deplete or weaken gradually; devitalize

sap ↔ invigorate, fortify, bolster, revitalize, strengthen

sapient [séipiənt] a. 지혜로운 : having great wisdom and discernment

sapient ↔ foolish, witless

sapling [sǽpliŋ] n. 묘목/젊은이 : a young tree; specifically : one not over four inches in diameter at breast height

sarcasm [sɑ :rkæz:əm] n. 빈정거림, 비꼼, 풍자 1. a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound 2. a form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic

language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule

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3. the use of sarcasm sarcasm ↔ praise

sartorial [sɑːrtɔ ːriəl] a. 재봉사의, 의복의 : of or relating to a tailor, tailoring, or tailored clothing

tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial 이발(사)의 of or relating to barbering or a barber

sate [seit] v. 충분히 만족시키다, 충족시키다; 실컷 주다 1. to satisfy (an appetite) fully 2. to satisfy to excess

sate ↔ starve, leave wanting

satiate [séiʃièit] v. ~을 배부르게 하다, 물리게 하다, 실컷 만족시키다

1. to satisfy (an appetite or a desire) fully 2. to satisfy to excess

satiated : food :: saturated : moisture satiate ↔ tantalize, starve tantalize 감질나게 하다

sate [seit] v. 충분히 만족시키다 = satiate sate ↔ starve

satiety [sətáiəti] n. 포만 1 : the quality or state of being fed or gratified to or beyond

capacity : SURFEIT, FULLNESS 2 : the revulsion or disgust caused by overindulgence or

excess satiety ↔ emptiness

satire [sǽtaiəːr] n. 풍자, 비꼼; 풍자문학 1. a. a literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked

through irony, derision, or wit b. the branch of literature constituting such works 2. irony, sarcasm, or caustic wit used to attack or expose

folly, vice, or stupidity panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글; 찬사

satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow :: expository : explain satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportage 취재 활동; 보도 기사

limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire (A ∈ B) limerick; 5행 희시

satirical : ridicule :: expository : explain (A는 B인 성격을 지님 + A는 B를 목적으로 함)

expository 설명(해설)적인 satire ↔ comfort

satisfactory [sætisfǽktəri] adj. 만족할 만한, 훌륭한, 충분한 satisfactory ↔ wanting

saturated [sǽtʃərèitid] a. 흠뻑 젖은 1. unable to hold or contain more; full 2. soaked with moisture; drenched

satiated : food :: saturated : moisture small : minuscule :: moist : saturated (A << B) minuscule [mínəskjù:l] 아주 작은, 중요하지 않은; 소문자의 very

small; tiny obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (A >> B) saturated : wet :: peeved : annoy (EQUAL, 형 : 동) saturate : moisture :: thaw : warmth saturated ↔ desiccated

saturnine [sǽtəːrnàin] a. 토성의 영향을 받아 태어난; 음울한, 성미가 까다로운; 납의

1. having the temperament of one born under the supposed astrological influence of Saturn

2. a. melancholy or sullen

b. having or marked by a tendency to be bitter or sardonic 3. produced by absorption of lead

sardonic 조소적인, 빈정 는 scornfully or cynically mocking despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (EQUAL) despondency depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or

courage; dejection saturnine ↔ jovial, genial, mercurial, effervescent

saucy [sɔ :si] a. 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운 1. a. impertinent or disrespectful b. impertinent in an entertaining way; impossible to repress

or control 2. piquant; pert

impertinent 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운; 관계없는, 적절하지 않은 pert 건방진, 방자한; (옷 등이) 세련된

saunter [sɔ ːntəːr, sɑ ːn-] v. 어슬렁거리다 : to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll

prate : speak :: saunter : walk prate to talk idly and at length; chatter

savanna [səvǽnə] n. 사바나, 아프리카 초원 : a flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions

savanna ↔ slope

savant [sævɑ ːnt] n. 학식이 높은 사람 1. a learned person; a scholar 2. n idiot savant

savant ↔ unlearned person

savory [séivəri] a. 맛있는, 입맛 당기는; 자극적인 맛이 있는; 기분 좋은, 안락한

1. appetizing to the taste or smell 2. piquant, pungent, or salty to the taste; not sweet 3. morally respectable; inoffensive

mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste unsavory : flavor :: discordant : sound palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest (A << B(동의어라는 설도 있음))

savory ↔ noisome, acrid, unpalatable noisome 역겨운; 건강에 나쁜 offensive to the point of arousing

disgust; harmful or dangerous acrid (맛, 냄새가) 찌르는 듯한, 얼얼한; 신랄한

savvy [sǽvi] a. 재치 있는 : well informed and perceptive; shrewd

savvy ↔ simpleton, simplicity savvy ↔ tactless tactless 재치 없는, 무뚝뚝한

sawdust [sɔ :dʌ st] n. 톱밥 soot : combustion :: sawdust : woodcutting soot 검댕

wood : sawdust :: metal : filing sawdust : wood :: crumbs : bread

scabbard [skǽbərd] n. (칼 등의) 집 : a sheath, as for a dagger or sword

sheath [ʃi:θ] 칼집; 덮개 dagger : scabbard :: pistol : holster holster 권총의 가죽 케이스

scad [skǽd] n. 다량, 다수 : a large number or amount. often used in the plural

scads ↔ paucity

scald [sk :ld] v. 데게 하다; 데치다; 비난하다 1. to burn with or as if with hot liquid or steam 2. to subject to or treat with boiling water 3. to heat (a liquid, such as milk) almost to the boiling point

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4. to criticize harshly; excoriate

scale [skeil] n. 저울, 음계 gauge : pressure :: scale : weight color : spectrum :: tone : scale scale : weight :: yardstick : length yardstick 야드 자; 기준, 척도

color : spectrum :: tone : scale

scalpel [skǽlp-əl] n. 외과용 메스 a small, straight knife with a thin, sharp blade used in

surgery and dissection scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel tacky 끈적끈적한

scan [skæn] v.t. 1. to examine closely 면 히 조사하다 2. to look over quickly and systematically 3. to look over or leaf through hastily 충 훑어보다 4. to analyze (verse) into metrical patterns 운율을 살피다

scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical

scant [skænt] a. 부족한, 모자라는; 인색한 1. barely sufficient 2. falling short of a specific measure 3. inadequately supplied; short

scant : considerable :: (OPPOSITE) scant ↔ considerable, abundant, plenty, voluminous, profuse, myriad, affluent

scanty [skǽnti] a. 부족한, 빠듯한 1. barely sufficient or adequate 2. insufficient, as in extent or degree

voluminous ↔ scanty, scarce myriad, profuse ↔ scanty myriad 무수한 constituting a very large, indefinite number;

innumerable scanty ↔ abundant

scapegoat [skéipgòut] n. 남의 죄를 떠맡는 사람, 희생양 : one that is made to bear the blame of others

scarce [skɛəːrs] a. 모자라는, 드문 1. insufficient to meet a demand or requirement; short in

supply 2. hard to find; absent or rare

superfluity ↔ scarcity myriad ↔ few, scarce myriad 무수한 constituting a very large, indefinite number;

innumerable scarce ↔ rife, abound, abundant voluminous ↔ scanty, scarce, sparse, summarizing

scare [skɛəːr] v. 겁주다 : to strike with sudden fear; alarm

scare : terrified :: bully : scare ::

scarp [skɑːrp] n. 급경사 : an escarpment

escarpment 벼랑, 급경사면

scathing [skéiðiŋ] a. 상처를 주는, 신랄한 1. bitterly denunciatory; harshly critical 2. harmful or painful; injurious

scathing ↔ politely/calmly complimentary

schematic [ski(ː)mǽtik] a. 개요의, 도식적인 of, relating to, or in the form of a scheme or diagram

scheme [skiːm] v. 계획하다; 음모를 꾸미다 : INTRIGUE 1. to plot 2. to contrive a plan or scheme for

follow : shadow :: plan : scheme plan : scheme :: depart : abscond

schism [síz-əm] n. 분열, 분파 1. a separation or division into factions 2. a. a formal breach of union within a Christian church b. the offense of attempting to produce such a breach 3. disunion; discord

schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity (OPPOSITE) schism ↔ unity, concord, accord, unanimity, consensus

scission [síʒən, sí∫-] n. 분리, 분열, 절단 scission ↔ unification

school [sku:l] n. (물고기 등의) 떼 : a large group of aquatic animals, especially fish, swimming

together; a shoal school : fish :: flock : birds

scintillate [síntəleit] v. 불꽃을 튀기다; 번쩍이다 1. to throw off sparks; flash 2. to sparkle or shine 3. to be animated and brilliant

scintillate : flash :: scintillating ↔ dull, fool

scion [sáiən] n. 자손 : DESCENDANT : a descendant or an heir

scion ↔ ancestor

scission [síʒ:ən] n. 절단, 분할, 분열 : the act of cutting or severing; division or fission

scission ↔ unification

scissor [sízər] (pl.) n. 가위 pestle : grinding :: scissors : cutting saw : carpenter :: scissors : tailor

scoff [skɔːf, skɑf] v. 비웃다, 조롱하다 : to mock at or treat with derision

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless bluster 거세게 몰아치다; 고함치다 prate to talk idly and at length; chatter

scoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful scoff : contempt :: thank : gratitude

scooter [skúːtəːr] n. 스쿠터 v. 달리다, 나아가다 oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식)

momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.

scorch [skɔːrtʃ] v. 바짝 마르다, 겉을 태우다; 혹평하다 : PARCH 1. to burn superficially so as to discolor or damage the

texture 2. to wither or parch with intense heat 3. to destroy by or as if by fire (all land and buildings in one's

path) so as to leave nothing salvageable to an enemy army

4. to subject to severe censure; excoriate dampen ↔ scorch

score [skɔːr] n. 악보

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director : script :: conductor : score script : writer :: score : composer script : drama :: score : music notes : score :: symbols : rebus rebus [rí:bəs] 수수께끼

score : instrument ::

scorn [skɔːrn] v.t. 경멸하다 1. to consider or treat as contemptible or unworthy 2. to reject or refuse with derision

scorn : reject :: adulate : flatter (중국 3회-3-15, ignore은 GRE에서 ‘눈에 띄지 않으면 무시한다’의 ‘무시하다’ 뉘앙스로 많이 씀)

deferential : offend :: scornful : respect (OPPOSITE) redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable 가공할; 존경할만한 arousing fear or awe; worthy of

respect or honor venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn (EQUAL) adulate, venerate ↔ scorn

scotch [skɑtʃ / skɔtʃ] v. 마구 치다, 숨통을 끊다; 진압하다, 강압하다; 깊이 베다, 굄목으로 고정시키다

1. to put an abrupt end to 2. to injure so as to render harmless 3. to cut or score 4. to block (a whell) with a prop to prevent rolling or

slipping scotch ↔ unfasten scotch ↔ encourage (빅북)

scour [skauəːr] v.t. 문질러 닦다 1. a. to clean, polish, or wash by scrubbing vigorously b. to

remove by scrubbing 2. to remove dirt or grease from (cloth or fibers) by means

of a detergent 3. to clean (wheat) before the milling process 4. to clear (an area) by freeing of weeds or other

vegetation 5. to clear (a channel or pipe) by flushing

scour : wash ::

scourge [skəːrdʒ] n. 회초리/천벌 1. WHIP; especially : one used to inflict pain or

punishment 2. an instrument of punishment or criticism 3. a cause of wide or great affliction

scourge ↔ rewarding

scowl [skaul] vi. 얼굴을 찌푸리다 :to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger

or disapproval scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection

scrap [skræp] v. 버리다, 해체하다 1. to break down into parts for disposal or salvage 2. to discard as worthless; junk

scrap ↔ retrieve

scrappy [skrǽpi] a. 공격적인 1. quarrelsome; contentious 2. full of fighting spirit

scrappy ↔ timorous timorous 겁먹은, 소심한 full of apprehensiveness; timid

scrawl [skríb-əl] v. 휘갈겨 쓰다, 낙서하다 SCRIBBLE : to write hastily or illegibly

scrawl ↔ carefully write

screw [skru:] n. 나사

gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A = B의 집합으로 이루어짐)

scribble [skríbl] v. 휘갈겨 쓰다 1. to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style 2. to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks

tinker : adjust :: scribble : write :: mumble : talk tinker 땜질하다; 어설프게 만지다/고치다 to make unskilled or

experimental efforts at repair

scrimp [skrimp] v. ~을 몹시 제한하다, 긴축(절약)하다 scrimp ↔ squander, lavish

script [skript] n. 본 director : script :: conductor : score script : drama :: score : music, symphony

scrupulous [skrúːpjələs] a. 세심한, 꼼꼼한; 양심적인, 신중한 : CONSCIENTIOUS 1. conscientious and exact; painstaking 2. having scruples; principled

conscience 양심 * scruple [skrú:pl] n. 양심의 가책; 주저, 사양, 망설임; 소량

1. an uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle that tends to hinder action

2. 약량의 단위 (약 1.296g) 3. a minute part or amount man of no scruples 양심의 가책을 느끼지 않는 사람 without scruples 망설임 없이, 태연하게

* unscrupulous adj. 거리낌(조심성) 없는, 비양심적인 unscrupulous : integrity :: unscrupulous ↔ principled, circumspect, measured probity, integrity ↔ unscrupulousness probity 정직, 성실, 청렴 complete and confirmed integrity;

uprightness scrupulousity ↔ lack of conscience

scrutable [skrúːtəb-əl] a. 이해할 수 있는 : capable of being understood through study and

observation; comprehensible mysterious ↔ scrutable

scrutinize [skrúːt-ənàiz] v. 정 조사하다, 빤히 쳐다보다 : to examine or observe with great care; inspect critically * inscrutable adj. 불가사의한, 헤아릴 수 없는, 알아볼 수 없는

scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim gloss 광을 내다; 겉치레를 하다 delve to search deeply and laboriously

scrutinize : glimpse, glance :: delve : skim scrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought contemplate 눈여겨보다, 심사숙고하다, 의도하다

observe : scrutinize :: question : grill (A << B) headstrong : advice :: secretive : scrutiny, investigate (A = B를 거부함) scrutinize : examine :: delineate : describe scrutinize : observe :: investigate : interrogate (A >> B) investigate; to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically. interrogate; to examine by questioning formally or officially. scrutiny ↔ casual glance, cursory inspection scrutinize ↔ gloss over, examine cursorily inscrutable ↔ already proven

scuff [skʌf] v. 발을 끌다 : to scrape the feet while walking; shuffle

scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization

sculptor [skʌ lptəːr] n. 조각가 * sculpt, sculpture n. 조각(술)

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canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor author : novel :: sculptor : marble statue : sculpture :: ode : poem (A ∈ B)

scurrilous [skə ːrələs, skʌ -] a. 상스러운, 업신여기는 1. given to the use of vulgar, coarse, or abusive language;

foul-mouthed 2. expressed in vulgar, coarse, and abusive language * scurrility n. 상스러움

scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy (A에는 B가 없는) propriety 예의 바름, 단정 scurrilous ↔ noble, complimentary, inoffensive, decent, polite, respectful

scurvy [skə ːrvi] a. 천한, 비열한, 야비한 : DESPICABLE :mean; contemptible

scurvy ↔ above reproach scurviness ↔ simplicity

scythe [saið] n. 큰 낫 scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter

seamy [síːmi] a. 이음매가 있는, 틈이 있는; 싫은, 기분 나쁜; 치사한, 천한

1. sordid; base 2. having, marked with, or showing a seam

sordid 더러운, 지저분한; 치사스러운, 탐욕적인; 야비한, 천한 seamy ↔ decent and respectable

seascape [sí:skeip] n. 바다 경치; 해양 그림/사진 : a view or picture of the sea

portrait : person :: seascape : ocean

secluded [siklúːdid] a. 은둔의, 외딴 1. removed or remote from others; solitary 2. screened from view; sequestered

sequester 격리하다, 은퇴시키다; 압류/몰수하다 hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous hermitage 외딴집, 은신처; 은둔 생활 landmark 표석, 경계표지; 획기적인 사건

secrete [sikríːt] v.t. 분비하다; 숨기다. : to generate and separate (a substance) from cells or

bodily fluids 1. to conceal in a hiding place; cache 2. to steal secretly; filch

secrete ↔ absorb secrete ↔ divulge divulge 누설하다, 폭로하다 to make known (something private or

secret)

secretive [sí:krətiv, sikri:-] a. 숨기는, 입다물고 있는 frank : secretiveness :: honest : theft secretive : scrutiny :: headstrong : advice (A면 B하기 힘들다) secretiveness ↔ honest

secular [sékjələːr] a. 현세의, 세속의; 비종교적인 1. worldly rather than spiritual 2. not specifically relating to religion or to a religious body 3. relating to or advocating secularism(세속주의) 4. not bond by monastic restrictions, especially not

belonging to a religious order monastic 수도원의; 은둔적인, 금욕적인 secular : sacred :: secular ↔ sacred, religious

secure [sikjúəːr] v. (매듭, 토 가) 안정된, 튼튼한 : if you secure an object, you fasten it firmly to another

object.

secure ↔ unfasten

sedate [sidéit] a. 차분한, 침착한 v. 진정시키다 : serenely deliberate, composed, and dignified in character or

manner sedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbness anesthetic 마취제

sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sterilize 살균/소독하다; 단종시키다; 메마르게 하다, 불모지로 만들다

sedation ↔ riot sedate ↔ flighty, roil, disturb, riot flighty [fláiti] 변덕스러운, 엉뚱한

sedentary [séd-əntèri / -t-əri] a. 정착성의 : SETTLED 1. characterized by or requiring much sitting 2. accustomed to sitting or to taking little exercise 3. remaining or living in one area, as certain birds; not

migratory 4. attached to a surface and not moving freely, as a

barnacle(조개삿갓) migratory, peripatetic ↔ sedentary, rooted peripatetic 돌아다니는, 순회하는; 아리스토텔레스학파의

sedition [sidíʃ-ən] n. 선동/반란 : incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful

authority

seduce [sidjúːs] v.t. 꼬드기다, 유혹하다; 매혹하다 1. to lead away from duty, accepted principles, or proper

conduct 2. to induce to engage in sex 3. a. to entice or beguile into a desired state or position b. to win over; attract

seduce ↔ discourage

sedulous [sédʒuləs] a. 부지런한, 끈기 있는 : persevering and constant in effort or application; assiduous

sedulous : assiduous :: bootless : futile sedulous : sacred :: sedulous ↔ careless, lazy sedulity ↔ lack of industriousness

seedy [sí:di] a. 씨가 많은; 초라한, 인색한; 평판이 나쁜 1. having many seeds 2. resembling seeds or a seed 3. worn and shabby; unkempt 4. tired or sick; unwell 5. somewhat disreputable; squalid

seemly [síːmli] a. 예의 바른; 단정한 : DECOROUS 1. conforming to standards of conduct and good taste;

suitable 2. of pleasing appearance; handsome

ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE) ribald [ríbəld] 상스러운, 점잖지 못한 characterized by or indulging in

vulgar, lewd humor seemly, sophisticated ↔ uncouth, ribald, indecorous uncouth [ʌnkú:θ] 어색한, 별난; 무례한, 거친

seethe [si:ð] v. 물에 적히다, 끓다, 거품이 일다, 들끓다 n. 끓어오

름, 흥분상태 seethe ↔ serene 고요, 평온 상태 seethe ↔ calm down

segment [ségmənt] v. 나누어지다, 분열하다 : to divide or become divided into segments

segment ↔ make whole segment : unify ::

segregate [ségrəgeit] v. 분리/격리하다; (인종 등을) 차별하다

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1. to separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group

2. to impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of society

selective [siléktiv] a. 선택 능력이 있는, 안목이 높은; 정선된, 선택적인 1. of or characterized by selection; discriminating 2. empowered or tending to select

selective ↔ obligatory

self-abasement [selfəbeismənt] n. 자기 경멸(self-humiliation),비하; 겸손(modesty); 열등감

: degradation or humiliation of oneself, especially because of feelings of guilt or inferiority

self-abasement ↔ self-asserting, self-aggrandizement

semblance [sémbləns] n. 외관,용모;유사, 비슷함;소량 1. an outward or token appearance 2. a representation; a copy 3. the barest trace; a modicum

semblance ↔ authentic article semblance ↔ dissimilarity

seminal [sémənl] a. 정액의, 씨의;미발달의, 발전 가능성이 있는 1. of, relating to, or having the power to originate; creative 2. highly influential in an original way; constituting or

providing a basis for further development seminal ↔ hampering further development seminal ↔ derivative

seminary [sémənèri / -nəri] n. 신학교; (죄악 따위의) 온상 1. a. a school, especially a theological school for the

training of priests, ministers, or rabbis b. a school of higher education, especially a private school

for girls 2. a place or environment in which something is developed

or nurtured conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary : theologian :: conservatory : artist

senility [siníləti] n. 노쇠 : the quality or state of being senile; specifically : the physical and mental infirmity of old age

senility ↔ youth

sensate a. 지각할 수 있는 1. perceived by a sense or the senses 2. having physical sensation

numb ↔ sensate

sensation [senséiʃən] n. 감각;느낌,기분;센세이션, 흥분,큰 사건 1. a. a perception associated with stimulation of a sense

organ or with a specific body condition b. the faculty to feel or perceive; physical sensibility c. an indefinite, generalized body feeling 2. a state of heightened interest or emotion 3. a. a state of intense public interest and excitement b. a

cause of such interest and excitement analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation analgesic 진통제 anesthetic 마취제

numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness supple 나긋나긋한; 유순한; 비위를 맞추는, 비굴한

numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous lustrous 번쩍이는; 훌륭한, 찬란한; 매력적인

bribe : incorruptible :: affect, rouse : insensible sensation ↔ anesthesia, unnoticed event, numbness anesthesia [ænisθí:ʒə] 마취; 무감각증

sensitive [sénsətiv] a. 민감한, 과민한 obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp sensitization : allergic :: habituation : inured (EQUAL) sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton sensitive : boor :: sagacious : simpleton quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B) tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion tactile [tǽktil] 촉감의; 느낄 수 있는 tangible sentient 감각이 있는; 느낄 수 있는

sensitive ↔ numb insensitive ↔ tender = sensitive sentimental, sentient ↔ unconscious

sententious [senténʃəs] adj. 경구적인, 금언이 많은, 경구를 즐겨 쓰는; 설교투의

: terse, aphoristic, or moralistic in expression : PITHY, EPIGRAMMATIC

sententious ↔ wordy

sentient [sénʃənt] a. 의식/감각이 있는 1. having sense perception; conscious 2. experiencing sensation or feeling

tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion tactile [tǽktəl] 촉각의; 만져서 알 수 있는

sentient : consciousness :: sentient, sentimental ↔ unconscious insentient ↔ perceiving, animated

sentinel [séntənəl] n. 보초, 감시인 : one that keeps guard; a sentry

sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating

sentry [séntri] n. 초병, 보초; 감시, 파수 1. a guard, especially a soldier posted at a given spot to

prevent the passage of unauthorized persons 2. the duty of a sentry; watch

sepsis [sépsis] n. 패혈증, 부패작용 1. the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the

blood or tissues 2. the poisoned condition resulting from the presence of

pathogens or their toxins, as in septicemia

septic [séptik] a. 부패의, 부패시키는 septic ↔ free of infection

sepulchral [səpʌ lkrəl] a. 무덤의; 음산한 : FUNEREAL, MORTUARY

1. of or elating to a burial vault or a receptacle for sacred relics

2. suggestive of the grave; funereal 예; sepulchral visage(look) 음울한 표정

mortuary 영안실, 시체 안치소 sepulchral ↔ merry

sequel [sí:kwəl] n. 후편, 결말 1. something that follows; a continuation 2. a literary work complete in itself but continuing the

narrative of an earlier work 3. a result or consequence

sequela [sikwíːlə] n. 후유증; 결과 1. a pathological condition resulting from a disease 2. a secondary consequence or result

precursor ↔ sequela

sequester [sikwéstər] v.t. 격리하다, 고립시키다 1. to cause to withdraw into seclusion 2. to remove or set apart; segregate

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sequester : seclusion :: endanger : jeopardy jeopardy 위험 risk of loss or injury; peril or danger

sequester ↔ permit to mingle

seraphic [sirǽfik] a. 천사 같은; 맑고 깨끗한 seraphic ↔ dark, earthly, mundane (brittle은 오답) diabolical ↔ seraphic diabolic, diabolical 악마의, 마성의; 사악한, 잔인한 satanic

sere [siər] a. 시든, 말라빠진 : withered; dry

sere ↔ lush, damp lush 푸릇푸릇한, 우거진, 무성한

serendipity [sèrəndípəti] n. 우연히 발견하는 능력 : the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident

serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance ineluctable 피할 수 없는, 면할 수 없는 not to be avoided or

escaped; inevitable

serene [sirí:n] a. 조용한, 고요한; 맑게 갠, 화창한 1. unaffected by disturbance; calm and unruffled 2. unclouded; fair

perturb : serenity :: console : grief :: reassure : doubt (A remove B) perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety impertinent 주제넘은, 무례한; 관계없는

disturb : serenity :: intrude : privacy restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent serene ↔ tumultuous, vociferous serenity ↔ furor, havoc, pandemonium, tumult, bedlam, riot furor [fjú:ərɔ:r] 열광, 흥분 havoc [hǽvək] 황폐, 소동 1. widespread destruction; devastation 2. disorder or chaos pandemonium 혼란; 아수라장 a very noisy place; wild uproar or

noise bedlam 소동, 혼란 a place or situation of noisy uproar and

confusion

sermon [sə :rmən] n. 설교 1. a religious discourse delivered as part of a church service 2. an often lengthy and tedious speech of reproof or

exhortation nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil homiletics : sermon :: logic : argument homiletics 설교학 the art of preaching

serfdom [səːrfdəm] n. 농노의 신분 serf : a member of a servile feudal class bound to the land

and subject to the will of its owner serfdom ↔ lord serfdom ↔ feudal lord

serpentine [sə ːrp-əntàin,-tìːn] a. 뱀처럼 구불구불한; 음흉한, 교활한

1. of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous

2. subtly sly and tempting serpent (크고 독이 있는) 뱀; (뱀처럼) 교활한 사람

serpentine : directness ::

serrate [sérət, séreit] a. 톱니 모양의, 들쭉날쭉한 1. having or forming a row of small, sharp, projections

resembling the teeth or a saw 2. having a saw-toothed edge or margin notched with

toothlike projections * serration n.

serration ↔ smoothness serrated ↔ smooth, without notches notch 새김눈; 산골짜기(의 길); 단계, 급

serried [sérid] a. 집한, 빽빽한 : COMPACT : pressed or crowded together, especially in rows

serried ↔ widely separated

servile [sə ːrvil, -vail] a. 노예의; 천한, 비굴한; 굽실 는 : abjectly submissive; slavish

compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery 얼버무리기, 핑계 1. deception by trickery or sophistry 2. a trick; a subterfuge

imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable (OPPOSITE) bellicose 호전적인 warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious

bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan tolerant 관 한, 너그러운

impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile (OPPOSITE) irrepressible 억누를 수 없는 difficult or impossible to control or

restrain obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B하면 A하다, A에는 B의 특성이 있다) obsequious 아부하는, 추종하는 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;

fawning

sever [sevə:r] v. 절단하다, 끊다; 가르다; 이간시키다 1. to set or keep apart; divide or separate 2. to cut off (a part) from a whole 3. to break up (a relationship, for example); dissolve

severe [sivíəːr] a. 엄격한, 준엄한; 모진 : STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVE

mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (A = B하지 않게 하다) mitigate 완화하다 to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or

intensity; alleviate palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (EQUAL) palmy 영광에 빛나는, 번영하는; 야자나무의 prosperous; flourishing

shabby [ʃǽbi] a. 초라한, 누더기의; 천한, 비열한 1. wearing threadbare clothing 2. a. showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out b. dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through

neglect; seedy 3. a. despicable; mean b. not generous or just; unfair c. of mediocre or substandard

quality shabby ↔ smart smart 현명한; 말쑥한

shackle [ʃǽk-əl] v. 수갑을 채우다; 구속하다 n. 수갑, 족쇄 1. to confine with shackles; fetter 2. to fasten or connect with a shackle 3. to restrict, confine, or hamper

shackle ↔ loose, free, unfasten, unfetter, untie, liberate, emancipate (동사 ↔ 동사) emancipate 해방하다, 자유롭게 하다 to free from bondage,

oppression, or restraint; liberate

shadow [ʃǽdou] v.t. 그림자를 드리우다; 미행하다 : to follow, especially in secret; trail

follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme :: hear, listen : eavesdrop

scheme to make plans, especially secret or devious ones shadowy ↔ overt, distinct, explicit shadowy 그림자 같은, 애매한, 비현실적인 overt 명백한, 공공연한 open and observable; not hidden, concealed,

or secret

shaft, mineshaft [ʃæft, ʃɑːft] n. 갱도 : a long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the earth,

as for mining ore; a tunnel

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shaft, mineshaft : lode :: well : aquifer lode 광맥; 풍부한 원천 aquifer [ǽkwəfər] 수층 [지하수를 내장한 지층]

shallow [ʃǽlou] a. 얕은; 깊이가 없는, 피상적인 : SUPERFICIAL 1. measuring little from bottom to top or surface; lacking

physical depth 2. lacking depth of intellect, emotion, or knowledge

shallowness ↔ profundity, realization shallow ↔ profound

sham [ʃæm] n. 가짜, 모조품; 사기꾼 a. 가짜의 v. 모조(위조)하다, ~인 체하다, 가장하다

1. something false or empty that is purported to be genuine; s spurious imitation

2. the quality of deceitfulness; empty pretense 3. one who assumes false character; an impostor 4. a decorative cover made to simulate an article of

household linen and used ver or in lace of it debunk ↔ perpetuate to sham debunk 정체를 폭로하다 to expose or ridicule the falseness, sham,

or exaggerated claims of sham ↔ genuine, debunk

shard [ʃɑːrd] n. (도자기) 파편; 껍질 shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard : pottery :: shard : porcelain :: morsel : food :: fragment : bone :: crumb : bread, cake (knob : door은 오답) morsel [mɔ :rsəl] 한입; 한 조각, 소량

shelter [ʃéltəːr] v. 보호하다; 피난처를 제공하다, 숨다 : PROTECT

conspicuous : sheltered :: (OPPOSITE) hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter (A ∈ B, 혹은 A는 B의 기능을 함) hedgerow 생울타리 arbor 휴식 장소, 정자

sheep [ʃiːp] n. 양 sheep : ewe :: swan : pen ewe [ju:] 암양 cf. ram 숫양 pen 백조의 암컷

shiftless [ʃíftlis] a. 야심 없는; 무능한 : LAZY 1. a. lacking ambition or purpose; lazy b. characterized by a lack of ambition or energy 2. lacking resourcefulness or efficiency; incompetent

shiftless : ambition :: ingenuous, naïve : guile ingenuous 솔직한, 성실한; 천진한, 꾸밈없는

shifty [∫ífti] a. 교활한, 간사한; 날쌘, 붙잡기 어려운; 수단이 좋은 1. having, displaying, or suggestive of deceitful character;

evasive or untrustworthy 2. distinguished by frequent changes in direction 3. able to accomplish what is needed; resourceful * shiftiness

shifty : straightforwardness :: shiftiness ↔ probity

shipshape [∫íp∫eip] a. 정연한, 말쑥한, 다듬은 : marked by meticulous order and neatness; tidy

shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness disarray 무질서, 혼란

shirk [ʃəːrk] v. 회피하다 n. 일을 기피하는 사람, 게으름쟁이

(=shirker) (명사는 Random House Unabridged Dictionary 2006에 나와 있음)

: to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) duty : shirk :: question : parry :: crowd : recluse parry (공격 등을) 받아넘기다, 피하다; (질문 등을) 받아 넘기다, 발

뺌하다 parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk parsimony 지나치게 검소함 unusual or excessive frugality; extreme

economy or stinginess recluse : society :: shirked : duty hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk shirk ↔ pass through the center, face, confront, seek

shiver [∫ívə:r] v. 떨다; 흔들리다 1. to shake with or as if with cold; tremble 2. to quiver or vibrate, as by the force of the wind

shiver ↔ calm

shoal [ʃoul] n. 얕은 곳; 모래톱, 사주; (물고기 등의) 떼, 다수 1. a shallow place in a body of water 2. a sandy elevation of the bottom of a body of water,

constituting a hazard to navigation; a sandbank or sandbar

3. a large group; a crowd 4. a large school of fish or other marine animals

shoal ↔ deep shoal ↔ suspicion suspicion 의심, 의혹; 알아채기, 막연한 느낌; 아주 조금, 기미

shopworn [ʃɑpwɔ ːrn] a. 오랫동안 진열되어 찌든; 진부한, 하찮은 1. tarnished, frayed, faded, or otherwise defective from being

on display in a store 2. worn-out, as from overuse; trite

fray 문지르다, 닳게 하다; (신경을) 소모하다 shopworn ↔ new

shore [ʃɔːr] n. 해안가 ; v. 버티다 : the land bordering a usually large body of water;

specifically : COAST : to give support to : BRACE - usually used with up

shred [ʃred] n. 조각, 단편; 아주 조금 1. a long, irregular strip cut or torn off 2. a small amount; a particle

shred : remnant :: remnant 나머지; 파편, 자투리

shrewd [ʃruːd] a. 약삭빠른, 명민한 1. characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence, and

often a sense of the practical 2. disposed to artful and cunning practices; tricky 3. sharp; penetrating * shrewdness

shrewd : naïf, naive :: (OPPOSITE) naïf = naïve shrewdness ↔ obtuseness shrewd ↔ foolish, naive, naif, myopic, lack of discern mgyopia 근시; 통찰력 결여, 근시안적임

shrine [∫rain] n. 성골함; 예배당, 교회, 신전 1. a container or receptacle for sacred relics; a reliquary 2. a. the tomb of a venerated person, such as a saint b. a place at which devotion is paid to a venerated person 3. a site hallowed by a venerated object or its associations

shrine : pilgrim :: peak : climber pilgrim (성지) 순례자; 나그네, 방랑자

shrink [ʃriŋk] v. 움츠리다, 오그라들다; 감소하다; 주저하다 1. to become constricted from heat, moisture, or cold 2. to become reduced in amount or value; dwindle 3. to draw back instinctively, as from something alarming;

recoil 4. to show reluctance; hesitate

shrivel [∫rívəl] v. 주름지다, 주어들다, 시들다

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1. to become or make shrunken and wrinkled, often by drying

2. to lose or cause to lose vitality or intensity 3. to become or make much less or smaller

shroud [ʃraud] n. 수의, 가리개, 덮개 v. (물건을) 덮다, 덮어 가리다, 싸서 가리다, 얼버무리다

n. 1. a cloth used to wrap a body for burial; a winding sheet 2. something that conceals, protects, or screens v. 1. to wrap (a corpse) in burial clothing 수의를 입히다 2. to shut off from sight; screen 가리다, 숨기다

debunk ↔ shroud

shrug [ʃrʌg] v 어깨를 으쓱하다 to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt,

disdain, or indifference embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference :: blush : embarrassment :: node : agreement

shrug : indifference :: bow : respect

shuffle [∫ʌ fl] v. 발을 질질 끌다, 지척거리다; 뒤섞다 1. to slide (the feet) along the floor or ground while

walking 2. to move (something) from one lace to another; transfer

or shift 3. to put aside or under cover quickly; shunt 4. to mix together; jumble

shun [ʃʌn] v. 회피하다 : to avoid deliberately; keep away from

frequent, haunt ↔ shun haunt [hɔ:nt] 자주 들르다; (마음에) 끊임없이 떠오르다

shun ↔ frequent, haunt, seek actively

shunt [ʃʌnt] v. 비키게 하다, (기차가) 다른 선로로 바꾸다 n. 선로 변환 장치 a. 분로의

1. to turn or move aside or onto another course 2. to evade by putting aside or ignoring 3. to switch (a train or car) from one track to another

divert : shunt :: retard : brake

shuttle [ʃʌ tl] n. 정기 왕복편 v. to go, move, or travel back and forth by or as if by a shuttle

sibilant [síbələnt] a. 쉬 소리 나는; 치찰음의 : HISSING : of, characterized by, or producing a hissing sound

hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous drone 단조로운 소리를 내다, 윙윙거리다; 단조롭게 이야기하다

sidereal [saidí-əriəl] a. 별의, 항성의 : ASTRAL 1. of, relating to, or concerned with the stars or

constellations; stellar 2. measured or determined by means of the apparent daily

motion of the stars arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars star : sidereal :: emotion : affective affective 감정의 concerned with or arousing feelings or emotions;

emotional fluvial : river :: sidereal : star : terrestrial : earth fluvial 강의, 하천의; 하류(河流) 작용으로 생긴

sidestep [sɑ idstep] v. 비켜나다; 회피하다 1. to step aside 2. to dodge an issue or a responsibility

sidestep ↔ confront directly

sieve [siv] n. 체 sieve : devide :: staple : collate

sigh [sai] v. 그리워 하다/슬퍼하다

: GRIEVE, YEARN

signal [sígn-əl] a. 신호의; 현저한, 두드러진 : notably out of the ordinary

signal ↔ unremarkable

simper [símpəːr] v. 선웃음을 웃다 : to smile in a silly, self-conscious, often coy manner

simper : smile :: babble : talk

simpleton [símp-əlt-ən] n. 바보 : a person who is felt to be deficient in judgment, good sense,

or intelligence; a fool prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat sagacity the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and

farsighted; wisdom turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : prudent simpleton ↔ sagacity

simplicity [simplísəti] n. 간단, 단순; 성실, 꾸밈없음, 검소;우직함 1. the property, condition, or quality of being simple or

uncombined 2. absence of luxury or showiness; plainness 3. absence of affectation or pretense 4. a. lack of sophistication or subtlety b. lack of good sense or intelligence; foolishness 5. a. clarity of expression b. austerity in embellishment

scurvy ↔ simplicity scurvy 천한, 한심한, 치사한 mean; contemptible

simulate [símjəlèit] v.t. 흉내내다, 가장하다 : IMITATE 1. a. to have or take on the appearance, form, or sound of;

imitate b. to make in imitation of or as a substitute for 2. to make a pretense of; feign 3. to create a representation or model of (a physical system

or particular situation, for example) simulation ↔ authentic article attest ↔ simulate

sin [sin] n. 죄 peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B) castigate 응징하다, 혹평하다 to inflict severe punishment on; to

criticize severely

sincere [sinsíəːr] a. 성실한 : PURE 1. not feigned or affected; genuine 2. being without hypocrisy or pretense; true

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur [pouzə:r] 젠체하는 사람

poseur ↔ sincere person badinage ↔ sincere conversation badinage 가벼운 농담, 놀림

sinecure [sáinikjùəːr, síni-] n. 한직, 명예직 : a position or office that requires little or no work but

provides a salary sinecure ↔ arduous employment arduous 힘든, 벅찬; 끈기 있는, 꾸준한

sinew [sínjuː] n. 체력, 정력; 힘의 원천 : POWER 1. a tendon 2. vigorous strength; muscular power 3. the source or mainstay of vitality and strength * sinewy a.

tendon 힘줄 a band of tough, inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with its

bony attachment

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tendinous : sinewy :: tendinous 힘줄로 된; 힘이 센 = sinewy [sínju:i]

sinew ↔ weakness, frailty sinewy ↔ flaccid

singe [sindʒ] v.t. 태워 그을리다; 털을 그을리다; 보풀을 태우다; (명성 따위를) 손상하다

1. to burn superficially; scorch 2. to burn off the feathers or bristles of (a carcass of a bird

or an animal) by subjecting briefly to flame 3. to burn the ends of (hair, for example) 4. to burn the nap from (cloth) in manufacturing

carcass (짐승의) 시체; 송장; (건물 등의) 뼈 singe : incinerate :: erode : destruction (A << B) incinerate 태워서 재로 만들다, 소각하다

singular [síŋgjələːr] a. 남다른, 뛰어난; 유례없는, 유일한 : UNUSUAL

1. being only one; individual 2. being the only one of a kind; unique 3. being beyond what is ordinary or usual; remarkable 4. deviating from the usual or expected; odd

worldly ↔ singular

sinister [sínistəːr] a. 불길한, 불운한; 악의 있는, 못된 1. suggesting or threatening evil 2. presaging trouble; ominous 3. attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious

circumstances 4. on the left side; left

sinister : welcome :: (OPPOSITE)

sinuous [sínjuəs] a. 꾸불꾸불한; 에두르는, 간접적

인:WINDING 1. characterized by many curves or turns; winding 2. characterized by supple and lithe movements 3. not direct; devious 4. sinuate *sinuate [sínjuit, -e it] v. 구불구불 구부러지다 : to bend or curve; wind in and out

sinuous ↔ direct

sip [sip] vi. 한 모금씩 마시다 : to drink in small quantities

sip : drink :: mince : walk mince 잔걸음을 걷다, 뽐내며 걷다; 뽐내며 말하다

swill, quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: quaff : sip :: stride : mince quaff 벌컥벌컥 마시다, 단숨에 들이켜다 swill 벌컥벌컥 마시다 to drink greedily or grossly gobble 게걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어 치우다 stride 성큼성큼 걷다 to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or

vigorous way ruthless : mercy :: insipid : flavor swill ↔ sip

siren [sái-ərən] n. ([뱃사람을 유혹하는) 요정; 요부, 매혹적인 미녀; 사이렌, 경적

siren : unresisting :: juggernaut : unstoppable siren : heard :: beacon : seen siren : sound :: beacon : light beacon 신호 등불; 등

skeleton [skélitən] n. 해골, 골격; 뼈 ; 개요, 골자 skeleton : animal :: framing : building rib : skeleton :: knuckle : finger :: lobe : ear

skeptic [sképtik] a. 의심 많은 n. 회의론자 : one who instinctively or habitually doubts, questions, or

disagrees with assertions or generally accepted conclusions

penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE) penitent 참회하는, 뉘우치는 feeling or expressing remorse for one's

misdeeds or sins skeptic ↔ votary, credence, optimist, believer votary 신앙자, 신봉자; 열렬한 추구자 credence 신용, 신임, 신용

skeptical ↔ credulous skepticism ↔ credulity, conviction

sketchy [skétʃi] a. 피상적인, 개략적인; 불완전한, 미완성의; 수롭지 않은 : SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL

1. resembling a sketch; giving only major points or parts 2. a. lacking in substance or completeness; incomplete b. slight; superficial * sketch 스케치

fawn : imperious :: elaborate : sketchy (B에는 A가 없는) sketch ↔ describe at length

skew [skju:] a. 비스듬한(oblique), 경사진(slanting); 비 칭의

(asymmetric) 1. placed or turned to one side; asymmetrical 2. distorted or biased in meaning or effect 3. having a part that diverges, as in gearing

skew ↔ aligned, straight, untwisting

skimp [skimp] v. 인색하게 굴다 1. to deal with hastily, carelessly, or with poor material 2. to give inadequate funds to; be stingy with

parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimpy ↔ liberal, profuse

skirmish [skə :rmi∫] n. 작은 접전; 작은 충돌 1. a minor battle in war, as one between small forces or

between large forces avoiding direct conflict 2. a minor or preliminary conflict or dispute

skirmish : insignificance :: duel : formality duel (공식적인) 결투, 투쟁, 겨루기

skirt [skəːrt] v.t. 가장자리를 지나다; 회피하다; 모면하다 1. to lie along or form the edge of; border 2. to pass around rather than across or through 3. to pass close to; miss narrowly 4. to evade, as by circumlocution

circumlocution 에두르기, 완곡한 표현; 얼버무림 skirt ↔ seek, face, meet squarely skirt ↔ pass the center directly, pass through the center of

skit [skit] n. 소희극, 희문 1. a short, usually comic dramatic performance or work; a

theatrical sketch 2. a short humorous or satirical piece of writing

skit : revue :: revue 시사 풍자극

vignette : scene :: skit : drama vignette [vinjét] (책의 속표지 등의) 장식 무늬; 작은 장면

skit : play :: anecdote : narrative anecdote : story :: skit : play

skittish [skítiʃ] a. 쾌활한, 활발한; 변덕스러운, 수줍어하는, 겁내는 1. moving quickly and lightly; lively 2. restlessly active or nervous; restive 3. undependably variable; mercurial or fickle 4. shy; bashful

skulk [sk lk] v. (무서워서) 살금살금 숨다, 잠행하다 n. 살금살금 숨는 사람, 꾀부리는 사람

skulk ↔ proceed openly (react, move rashly는 오답)

slacken [slækn] v. 활발하지 않게 하다, 굼뜨게 하다 1. to make or become slower; slow down

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2. to make or become less tense, taut, or firm; loosen 3. to make or become less vigorous, intense, or severe;

ease slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness

slab [slæb] n. 넓은 합판; (음식 등의) 두껍게 썬 조각 1. a broad, flat, thick piece, as of cake, stone, or cheese 2. an outside piece cut from a log when squaring it for

lumber slab ↔ sliver sliver 가늘고 긴 조각

slack [slæk] a. 느슨한, 연약한; 부주의한(careless), 태만한

(indolent); 꾸물거리는, 완만한(sluggish); 불경기의

(dull) 1. moving slowly; sluggish 2. lacking in activity; not busy 3. not tense or taut; loose 4. lacking firmness; flaccid 5. lacking in diligence or due care or concern; negligent 6. flowing or blowing with little speed

slack ↔ taut slacken ↔ tauten

slake [sleik] v.t. (허기, 갈증 등을) 채우다, 만족시키다 : SATISFY, QUENCH

1. to satisfy (a craving); quench 2. to lessen the force or activity of; moderate 3. to cool or refresh by wetting or moistening

slake : insatiable :: avoid : inevitable slake : thirst :: gratify : desire :: satiate : hunger gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 to please or satisfy; to give what is

desired to

slant [slænt] v. ∼한 경향이 있다, ∼로 기울다 1. to give a direction other than perpendicular or horizontal

to; cause to slope 2. to present so as to conform to a particular bias or appeal

to a certain audience slant ↔ assert without bias

slapdash [slæpdæ ʃ] a. 겉날리는 : HAPHAZARD, SLIPSHOD : hasty and careless, as in execution

slate [sleit] n. 슬레이트, 석판; 후보자 명단 1. a fine-grained metamorphic rock that splits into thin,

smooth-surfaced layers 2. a. a piece of this rock cut for use as roofing or surfacing

material or as a writing surface b. a writing tablet made of a similar material 3. a record of past performance or activity 4. a list of the candidates of a political party running for

various offices roster : personnel :: slate : candidate roster 근무 당번표; 명단

sleazy [slí:zi] a. 천박한, 가짜의, 하찮은 sleazy ↔ chaste

sleek [sli:k] a. 매끄러운, 윤기 있는; 단정한, 맵시가 있는; 말주변이 좋은, 번드르르한

1. smooth and lustrous as if polished; glossy 2. well-groomed and neatly tailored 3. healthy or well-fed; thriving 4. polished or smooth in manner, especially in an unctuous

way; slick unctuous 기름기가 도는; 매끄러운; 상냥한; (겉으로만) 열심인 체

하는

sleet [sli:t] n. 싸라기눈, 진눈깨비 v. 진눈깨비가 내리다 soil : mud :: snow : sleet (B는 A에 물이 들어간 상태)

slew [sluː] n. 다량 : a large amount or number; a lot

slew ↔ limited quantity, paucity

slick [slik] a. 윤기 나는, 미끄러운; 교묘한, 재치 있는 1. smooth, glossy, and slippery 2. deftly executed; adroit 3. shrewd; wily 4. superficially attractive or plausible but lacking depth or

soundness; glib viscid ↔ slick viscid 점착성의, 찐득찐득한

slight [slait] a. 약간의, 얼마 안 되는; 사소한; 천한;약한, 섬세한 v. 얕보다, 냉 하다, 소홀히 하다

1. to treat as of small importance; make light of 2. to treat with discourteous reserve or inattention 3. to do negligently or thoughtlessly; scant

celebration : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE) slight ↔ ponderous, grievous, prodigious, massive, unwieldy prodigious 거 한, 막 한; 놀라운, 비정상의 unwieldy (크기, 무게 때문에) 다루기 어려운; 거추장스러운

(unmanageable); 볼품없는 slight ↔ show respect to, cosset, lionize, compliment, respect, pay attention to cosset 귀여워하다, 응석받이로 기르다 to pamper

sling [sliŋ] n. 삼각건; 밧줄; 멜빵 splint : immobilize :: sling : support

slink [sliŋk] v. 살금살금/몰래 움직이다 : to move in a quiet, furtive manner; sneak

slink ↔ strut, walk openly strut; to walk wit pompous bearing; swagger

slippery [slípəri] a. 미끄러운; 속임수의, 교활한 1. causing or tending to cause sliding or slipping 2. tending to slip, as from one's grasp 3. not trustworthy; elusive or tricky

dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere dingy 더러운, 윤기 없는 glisten 반짝이다 to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster

splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery slippery : elude :: alluring : entice (형 : 동)

slipshod [slipʃɑ d] a. 칠칠치 못한, 되는 로의 : SLOPPY, SLOVENLY

1. marked by carelessness; sloppy or slovenly 2. slovenly in appearance; shabby or seedy

slipshod ↔ assiduous, fastidious, painstaking, neat assiduous 꾸준한, 끈기 있는; 근면한 fastidious 세심한 주의가 필요한, 까다로운

slog [slɑg|sl g] v. 강타하다, 때려 몰아 다; 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다; ~을 공들여서 하다 n. 꾸준하게 하는 일, 난항, 고투

slog ↔ gambol (200509) gambol 뛰어다니다, 까불다, 장난치다

slogan [slóugən] n. 슬로건 1. a phrase expressing the aims or nature of an enterprise, an

organization, or a candidate; a motto 2. a phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion

sloppy [slɑ pi / slɔ pi] a. 부주의한, 되는 로의 : SLIPSHOD 1. marked by a lack of neatness or order; untidy 2. marked by a lack of care or precision; slipshod

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sloppy ↔ natty

sloth [slouθ, slɔːθ] n. 태만, 게으름 : aversion to work or exertion; laziness; indolence

indolence 나태, 게으름 habitual laziness; sloth slothful :: assiduity :: rakish : restraint sloth ↔ industry slothful ↔ assiduous assiduous a. 꾸준한, 근면한, 부지런한

slouch [slautʃ] v. 몸을 구부리다; (모자의 차양이) 앞으로 처지다 1. to sit, stand, or walk with an awkward, drooping,

excessively relaxed posture 2. to droop or hang carelessly, as a hat

slouch ↔ stand erect

slovenly [slʌ vənli] a.추접스러운, 단정치 못한;되는 로의, 날림의 1. untidy, as in dress or appearance 2. marked by negligence; slipshod

* sloven [slʌ v-ən] n. 단정치 못한 사람 : one who is habitually careless in personal appearance or

work slovenliness : finical, finicky :: laxity : draconian indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper (B인 사람은 A하지 않는다) indulge To engage or take part, especially freely or avidly indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐 주는 adhere (주의,신념,약속,의견에) 추종하다, 고집하다, 집착하다

slovenly ↔ tidy, natty, dapper

sluggard [slʌ gə:rd] n. 게으름쟁이, 건달 : a slothful person; an idler

rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy

sluggish [slʌ giʃ] a. 게으른, 나태한; 둔한; 완만한, 느린 1. displaying little movement or activity; slow; inactive 2. lacking alertness, vigor, or energy; inert or indolent 3. slow to perform or respond to stimulation

sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve alacritous ↔ sluggish sluggish ↔ active, brisk, sharp, diligent, prompt

slumber [slʌ mbəːr] v. 잠시 졸다; 휴면 상태에 있다 1. to sleep 2. to be dormant or quiescent

quiescent 활발하지 않은; 정지 상태인 being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive

slumber ↔ awake

slump [sl mp] v. 쿵 떨어지다, 쇠퇴하다, 폭락하다 n. 폭락, 감퇴,

쇠퇴, 불경기, 부진 slump ↔ recover

sluice [slu:s] n. (수문이 있는) 둑, 제수, 수로 v. 수문을 열어 흘려

보내다, 방수하다 n. an artificial channel for conducting water, with a valve or

gate to regulate the flow; A sluiceway. A long inclined trough, as for carrying logs or separating gold ore

v. to flood or drench with or as if with a flow of released water; to wash with water flowing in a sluice: sluicing sediment for gold; to draw off or let out by a sluice: sluice floodwater

sluice : water :: vent : air

slur [sləːr] v. 얕보다, 경시하다; 분명치 않게 발음하다; 헐뜯다, 중상하다

1. to pronounce indistinctly 2. to speak slightingly of; disparage 3. to pass over lightly or carelessly; treat without due

consideration

slur : speech :: smudge : writing smudge 더럽히다, 얼룩을 만들다; 연기를 피우다

slur ↔ pronounce clearly, enunciate, praise, absolve, flatter

sly [slai] a. 교활한; 은 한, 음흉한 : DISSEMBLING 1. adept in craft or cunning 2. lacking or marked by a lack of candor 3. playfully mischievous; roguish

sly ↔ artless, ingenuous, candid, unassuming, uncalculating, naïve, guileless (shiftless는 오답)

smarmy [smɑ ːrmi] a. 음흉한; 아첨하는 1. hypocritically, complacently, or effusively earnest;

unctuous 2. sleek

smarmy ↔ earnest

smart [smɑːrt] vi. 쑤시고 아프다, 욱신거리다; 기분을 상하다; 상심하다; 후회하다

동사 1. a. to cause a sharp, usually superficial, stinging pain

b. to be the location of such a pain c. to feel such a pain

2. to suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded feelings, or remorse

3. to suffer or pay a heavy penalty 형용사 1. a. characterized by sharp, quick thought; bright

b. amusingly clever; witty c. impertinent; insolent

2. energetic or quick in movement 3. canny and shrewd in dealings with others 4. fashionable; elegant

smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow smart ↔ soothe smart ↔ tatty, dumb, dowdy tatty 천박한, 촌스러운, 초라한 somewhat worn, shabby, or

dilapidated dilapidate 황폐시키다, 망가뜨리다 to bring or fall into a state of

partial ruin, decay, or disrepair dowdy 옷차림이 단정치 못한, 초라한(shabby)

smattering [smǽtəriŋ] n. 겉핥기; 소량 1. superficial or piecemeal knowledge 2. a small, scattered amount or number

stare : leer :: peruse : smatter leer 곁눈질하다, 흘겨보다 to look with a sidelong glance peruse [pərú:z] 통독/정독하다, 음미하다 to read or examine, typically

with great care erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered

smirk [sməːrk] v. 싱글싱글 웃다, (고자세로) 선웃음을 웃다 n. 뽐내는(아니꼬운) 웃음 : to smile in an affected, often offensively self-satisfied

manner smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision smug 잘난 체하는, 독선적인; 깔끔한, 말쑥한

smoke [smouk] n. 연기 smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain

smolder [smóuldər] v. (장작 등이) 연기가 나다 (감정이) 속에서 맺히

다, 내향하다, n. 불을 냄

smother [smʌ ðəːr] v.t. 덮다, 싸다; 숨 막히게 하다; 감추다, 은폐하다 1. a. to suffocate (another) b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion 2. to conceal, suppress, or hide 3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff

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4. to lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone) smother : choke :: (EQUAL)

smudge [sm dʒ] v. 더럽히다, 얼룩을 만들다; 연기를 피우다 1. to make dirty, especially in one small area 2. to smear or blur (something) 3. to fill (an orchard or another planted area) with dense

smoke from a smudge pot in order to prevent damage from insects or frost

slur : speech :: smudge : writing

smug [smʌg] a. 잘난 체하는, 독선적인; 깔끔한, 말쑥한 : exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with

oneself or with one's situation; self-righteously complacent

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision primp : vain :: gloat : smug primp 단정하게 하다 to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or

excessive attention to detail gloat 만족스럽게 바라보다 to feel or express great, often malicious,

pleasure or self-satisfaction smug ↔ tatty, untidy

smuggle [smʌ g-əl] v. 수하다 1. to import or export without paying lawful customs

charges or duties 2. to bring in or take out illicitly or by stealth

collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey collude 공모하다 conspire

smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate smuggler : tariff :: stowaway : fare tariff 관세(율, 제도) stowaway 항자

smuggle ↔ transport openly

snag [snæg] n. 돌출된 것, 그루터기; 방해, 뜻하지 않은 장애

snare [snεə:r] n. 덫; 유혹 1. a trapping device, often consisting of a noose, sued for

capturing birds and small mammals 2. something that serves to entangle the unwary

unwary 부주의한, 속기 쉬운, 경솔한 not alert to danger or deception

snarl [snɑːrl] v. 으르렁거리다; 딱딱거리다, 심하게 잔소리하다 1. to growl viciously wile baring the teeth 2. to speak angrily or threateningly

엉클어지게 하다, 혼란시키다 to become tangled or confused exoneration : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE) snarl ↔ coo coo (비둘기가) 구구 울다; 달콤한 말을 주고받다 to talk fondly or

amorously in murmurs snarl ↔ untangle, disentangle

sneak [sni:k] v. 살금살금 걷다,몰래 돌아다니다; 아첨하다, 비굴하

게 굴다 1. to go or move in a quiet, stealthy way 2. to behave in a cowardly or servile manner

sneer [sniəːr] n. 냉소, 조소, 비웃음 1. a scornful facial expression characterized by a slight

raising of one corner of the upper lip 2. a contemptuous facial expression, sound, or statement

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision (A show B) smirk 선웃음을 웃다

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt wince 주춤하다, 움츠러들다 to shrink or start involuntarily, as in

pain or distress; flinch pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다

snob [snɑb / snɔb] n. 속물 : snobbish of, befitting, or resembling a snob; pretentious

attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B)

snub [snʌb] v. 냉 하다, 핀잔을 주다; 좌절시키다; 비벼 끄다 n. 상 하지 않기, 모욕, 경시 a. 무뚝뚝한

1. to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight 2. to dismiss, turn down, or frustrate the expectations of 3. to stub out (a cigarette, for example)

dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness dissemble 숨기다, 가장하다

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub raffish 천한, 저속한, 싸구려의; 방탕한

snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty court ↔ snub court 비위를 맞추다; 구애하다; 유혹/유인하다

snub ↔ polite

snug [sn g] a. 아늑한, 편안한, 깔끔한, 말쑥한, 아담한, 조촐한 v. 기분좋게 해 주다, 조촐하게 하다 adv. 편안하게

snug ↔ unkempt, slovenly, untidy, disheveled snug ↔ uncomfortable, insecure, (cramped)

soak [souk] v. 흠뻑 적시다, 담그다; 깊이 스며들다 DRENCH 1. a. to make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by

placing in liquid b. to immerse in liquid for a period of time 2. to absorb (liquid, for example) through or as if through

pores or interstices 3. to remove (a stain, for example) by continued immersion

soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: exuberant : happy :: frigid : cool (A >> B) exuberant 원기 왕성한, 열광적인; 풍부한 full of unrestrained

enthusiasm or joy drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B) antithetic 조를 이루는, 정반 의

castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp (A >> B)

sober [sóubəːr] a. 술 취하지 않은; 차분한, 냉정한, 절제하는 1. habitually abstemious in the use of alcoholic liquors or

drugs; temperate 2. not intoxicated or affected by the use of drugs 3. plain or subdued 4. devoid of frivolity, excess, exaggeration, or speculative

imagination; straightforward 5. marked by seriousness, gravity, or solemnity of conduct or

character 6. marked by circumspection and self-restraint

sumptuous, puckish, frivolous ↔ sober sumptuous 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or splendor

suggesting great expense; lavish puckish 장난꾸러기의; 무채임한, 멋 로의 mischievous; impish frivolous 시시한, 하찮은; 천박한, 경망스러운

sobriety [səbráiəti] n. 진지함, 엄숙함; 금주 1. gravity in bearing, manner, or treatment 2. moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic

liquor or use of drugs sobriety ↔ sumptuousness, flippancy sumptuous 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 flippant 경박한, 무례한 marked by disrespectful levity or casualness;

pert

sodden [sɑ dn / sɔ dn] a. 흠뻑 젖은 : thoroughly soaked; saturated

marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marsh 습지, 늪지

moist : sodden :: surprised : astonished (A << B) sodden ↔ desiccated

soggy [sɑ gi, sɔ (ː)gi] a. 흠뻑 젖은; 맥 빠진

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1. saturated or sodden with moisture; soaked 2. lacking spirit; dull

solace [sɑ ləs] n. 위로/위안(이 되는 것) : comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress; consolation

solace : grief :: pacification : anger

solder [sɑ dəːr / sɔ ldəːr] n. 땜납; 유 : to serve as a bond between; join

breach ↔ solder

solemn [sɑ ləm / sɔ l -] a. 엄숙한, 진지한 1. deeply earnest, serious, and sober 2. somberly or gravely impressive 3. performed with full ceremony 4. invoking the force of religion; sacred 5. gloomy; somber

jest ↔ solemnity jest 농담, 익살, 희롱, 장난

solicitous [səlísətəs] a. 염려하는; 갈망하는 : APPREHENSIVE 1. a. anxious or concerned b. expressing care or concern 2. full of desire; eager 3. marked by or given to anxious care and often hovering

attentiveness 4. extremely careful; meticulous * solicitude n. 염려, 걱정, 심려

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch :: truculent : bellicosity (A인 사람은 B하는 성격을 지님) flinch 주춤함, 움찔함

solicitous ↔ unconcerned solicitude ↔ indifference

solidify [səlídəfai] v. 응고시키다, 단단하게 하다; 단결/결속시키다 1. to make solid, compact, or hard 2. to make strong or united

pulverize ↔ solidify

soliloquy [səlíłəkwi] n. 혼잣말; 독백(monologue) soliloquy : play :: aria : opera

solitude [sɑ litju:d|sɔ l-] n. 독거, 고독; 외딴 곳, 벽지(seclusion) 1. the state or quality of being alone or remote from others 2. a lonely or secluded place

recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady 아첨꾼, 알랑쇠

solitude ↔ gregariousness, companionship, company

solvent [sɑ lv-ənt] a. 지불 능력 있는, 용해력이 있는; 약화시키

는, 부드럽게 해주는 a. 1. capable of meeting financial obligations 2. (chemistry) capable of dissolving another substance n. something that solves or explains

coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve (A = B하는 것, 명 : 동) solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot (EQUAL, 명 : 동) profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (profligate는 solvency(지불능력)이 낮은 상태, mercurial은 commitment(전념, 몰두)가 낮은 상태 중국3 16번)

regimen : health :: budget : solvency (A is for B) regimen [rédʒəmən] 지배, 통치; 섭생, 요양법

caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve solvent ↔ precipitant precipitant a. 곤두박질치는; 황급한, 경솔한 n. 침전제

bankruptcy ↔ solvency insolvency ↔ ability to pay one's debts

somatic [soumǽtik] a. 체강의; 신체의(corporeal); 육체의

(physical)

1. of, relating to, or affecting the body, especially as distinguished from a body part, the mind, or the environment; corporeal or physical

2. of or relating to the wall of the body cavity, especially as distinguished from the head, limbs, or viscera(내장)

3. of or relating to a somatic cell or the somatoplasm(체세포 원형질)

somatic ↔ nonphysical

somber [sɑ mbəːr / sɔ m-] a. 어두컴컴한, 음산한; 우울한, 진지

한 : MELANCHOLY, GRAVE 1. a. dark; gloomy b. dull or dark in color 2. a. melancholy; dismal b. serious; grave

somber ↔ cherubic, droll

somnolence [sɑ mnələnt] n. 졸림 : SLEEPINESS : a state of drowsiness; sleepiness

soporific 졸리게 하는, 졸린 듯한 inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy

* somnolent [sɑ mnələnt|sɔ m-] a. 졸리는; 졸리게 하는 1. drowsy; sleepy 2. inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific

ennui : enthusiastic :: somnolence : alert (LACK) insomnia : sleep :: dyslexia : read dyslexia 독서 장애, 실독증(word blindness)

sonata [sənɑ ːtə] n. 소나타 dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata

sonnet [sɑ nət / sɔ n-] n. 소네트, 14행시 sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer (B는 A 짓는 사람) sonnet : poem :: denim : fabric (A ∈ B) denim 두꺼운 면포

biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem sonnet : versemonger :: painting : daubster versemonger 풋내기 시인 daubster 서투른 화가

soothe [suːð] v.t. 진정시키다: PLACATE,RELIEVE,ALLEVIATE 1. to calm or placate 2. to ease or relieve (pain, for example) * soothing a.

soothing ↔ grating nettle, vex, rankle, smart ↔ pacify, appease, soothe rankle 마음을 괴롭히다; (상처 등이) 욱신거리다 smart 감정을 해치다, 기분을 상하(게 하)다

sop [sɑp / sɔp] v. 흠뻑 젖다 n. 회유책, 뇌물 v. 1. to dip, soak, or drench in a liquid; saturate 2. to take up by absorption n. 1. a piece of food soaked or dipped in a liquid 2. a. something yielded to placate or soothe b. a bribe

sop : dampen :: frigid : cool sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive :: snub : disdainful subsidy [sʌbsidi] 보조금, 기부금

sopping : dampen :: frigid : cool (A >> B)

sophism [sɑ fiz-əm / sɔ f-] n. 궤변 1. a plausible but fallacious argument 2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation

sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money :: quack : practitioner alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A는 B하기 위한 것)

sophistication [səfìstəkéiʃ-ən] n. 세상 물정에 익숙함 : CULTIVATION, URBANITY

ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK) ingenue [ǽnʒənù:] 순정 소녀 an artless, innocent girl or young

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woman sophisticated : uncouth :: (OPPOSITE) callow ↔ behaving with adult sophistication callow 미숙한, 경험 없는 lacking adult maturity or experience;

immature politic ↔ unsophisticated bucolic ↔ sophisticated

sophomoric [sɑ fəmɔ ːrik / sɔ f-] a. 2학년의; 아는체하는, 건방진 1. of or characteristic of a sophomore 2. exhibiting great immaturity and lack of judgment

sophomoric ↔ mature, experienced

soporific [sɑ pərífik] n. 최면제 a. 최면성의 : inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy

soporific : sleep :: vaccination : immunity :: inoculation : immunity inoculate 예방 접종하다; (사상을) 심다, 고취하다

soporific : sleeping :: vaccination: immune soporific : alertness :: analgesic : pain soporific ↔ stimulant, provocative, invigorating, exhilarating, bracing, energetic, vital

sordid [sɔ ːrdid] a. 더러운, 지저분한; 야비한 : VILE 1. filthy or dirty; foul 2. depressingly squalid; wretched 3. morally degraded 4. exceedingly mercenary; grasping

sordid ↔ honorable, noble, wholesome

sound [saund] a. 안정된, 정당한 ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity ramshackle 금세라도 무너질 듯한; 약한 garble 왜곡하다; 혼동하다, 착각하다

tenable ↔ unjustified, unsound decrepit ↔ sound

sparse [spɑːrs] a. 희박한 : occurring, growing, or settled at widely spaced intervals;

not thick or dense sparse ↔ rife, copious rife 많은, 유행하는; 가득한

Spartan [spɑ ːrt-ən] a. 스파르타식의; 엄격하고 간소한 1. of or relating to Sparta or its people 2. a. rigorously self-disciplined or self-restrained

b. simple, frugal, or austere c. marked by brevity of speech; laconic d. courageous in the face of pain, danger, or adversity

spartan ↔ sybaritic, indulgent, luxurious, luxuriant, sumptuous, voluptuous, opulent, forgiving, profligate sumptuous 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or splendor

suggesting great expense; lavish voluptuous 사치스러운, 향락적인; 호색인, 음탕한 forgiving 관 한, 관용을 나타내는

spasmodic [spæzmɑ dik|-mɔ d-] adj. 경련성의, 돌발적인 spasmodic : persistent ::

spat [spæt] n. 승강이(petty quarrel)

spate [speit] n. 량; 홍수, 범람 : a sudden flood, rush, or outpouring

spate ↔ dearth, trickling flow, lack, abatement

spatula [spǽt∫ələ|-tju-] n 주걱, 그림물감 펴는 주걱, 프라이팬 뒤집

개 scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (CHARACTER)

specialist [spéʃəlist] n. 전문가

dabbler ↔ specialist

specific [spisífik] a. 명백한, 명확한; 특정의(particular); 고유한, 독특한

generic ↔ specific

specimen [spésəmin] n. 견본, 표본; 시료 1. an individual, an item, or a part representative of a class,

genus, or whole 2. a sample, as of tissue, blood, or urine(소변), used for

analysis and diagnosis specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse dissect 해부하다; 분석하다, 자세히 조사하다

specious [spíːʃəs] a. 겉만 번지르르한, 그럴듯한 : SOPHISTIC, PLAUSIBLE

1. having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually fallacious

2. deceptively attractive exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt specious : genuineness :: illusory : reality specious ↔ valid, veritable veritable 참다운, 진실한 being truly so called; real or genuine

speck [spek] n. 미세한 것, 작은 얼룩 : BIT 1. a small spot, mark, or discoloration 2. a tiny amount; a bit

mite : creature :: speck : amount mite 소량; 아주 작은 것, 아주 작은 동물(벌레)

spectator [spékteitəːr, ---] n. 구경꾼 : an observer of an event

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching

spectrum 스펙트럼; 연속체, 분포 범위(scope) hue, color : spectrum :: tone : scale

speculate [spékjəlèit] vi. 심사숙고하다; 추측하다 : REFLECT 1. to meditate on a subject; reflect 2. to engage in a course of reasoning often based on

inconclusive evidence 3. to engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an

element of risk on the chance of profit * speculative adj. 사색적인, 순리적인, 이론적인, 사변적인

conjecture ↔ restrain from the speculation speculative ↔ already proven

spendthrift [spéndθrìft] n. 방탕아 : one who spends money recklessly or wastefully

craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift craven 겁 많은, 심약한 characterized by abject fear; cowardly

miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal spendthrift ↔ miser

spent [spent] a. 다 써버린, 지쳐버린 : EXHAUSTED : used up; consumed

precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy (A lack B) spent : efficacy :: dated : currency :: passé : popularity precarious 불안정한, 미덥지 않은; 위험한 efficacy 유효성, 효험 power or capacity to produce a desired effect;

effectiveness passé 시대에 뒤진, 구식인, 왕년의 spent ↔ efficacious efficacious 효과가 있는 producing or capable of producing a desired

effect

spindly [spíndli] a. 허약한, 가냘픈 : slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests

weakness

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limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty limber 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 경쾌한 supple 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 순응성이 있는

spineless [spɑ inlis] a. 결단/줏 가 없는; (식물) 바늘/가시가 없는, (동물) 무척추동물의 1. lacking courage or willpower 2. (biology) a. having no spiny processes b. lacking a spinal

column; invertebrate plucky ↔ spineless

spiny [spáini] a. 가시가 있는; 곤란한, 가시밭길의 : THORNY; DIFFICULT, TROUBLESOME

1. bearing or covered with spines, thorns, or similar stiff projections

2. shaped ike a spine 3. difficult; troublesome

spiny ↔ smooth

spire [spaiəːr] n. 첨탑, 뾰족탑 1. a top part or point that tapers upward; a pinnacle 2. a structure or formation, such as a steeple, that tapers to

a point at the top 3. a slender, tapering part, such as a newly sprouting blade

of grass taper 끝이 점점 가늘어지다/뾰족해지다

spire : church :: minaret : mosque minaret [mìnəre t] (회교 사원의) 뾰족탑

spiritual [spírit∫uəl|-tju-] adj. 정신의, 정신적인, 숭고한 1. of, relating to, consisting of, or having the nature of

spirit; not tangible or material 2. of, concerned with, or affecting the soul 3. of, from, or relating to God; deific 4. of or belonging to a church or religion; sacred 5. relating to or having the nature of spirits or a spirit;

supernatural deific 신격화하는; 거룩한

spiritual ↔ corporeal

spleen [spliːn] n. 비장, 지라; 울분, 비장 : ill temper

spleen ↔ good-will

splendor [spléndər] n. 화려, 멋짐; 현저, 탁월; 빛남, 광채 1. great light or luster; brilliance 2. a. magnificent appearance or display; grandeur

b. something grand or magnificent 3. great fame; glory

squalor ↔ splendor squalor 더러움, 누추함, 지저분함, 천함, 비열함

splint [splint] n. 부목 v. to support or restrict or as if with a splint

splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery :: lubricant : friction

splint : immobilize :: duct : convey buttress : edifice :: splint : limb edifice (큰) 건물, 건축물; 체계, 조직

crumb : bread :: splint : wood

splinter [splíntə:r] n. 파편, 조각 : a sharp, slender piece, as of wood, bone, glass, or metal,

split or broken off from a main body crumb : bread :: splinter : wood

splurge [splə:rdʒ] v. 돈을 물쓰듯 하다, 과시하다 n. 과시, 크게 자랑하기

1. to indulge in an extravagant expense or luxury; To be showy or ostentatious.

2. v. to spend extravagantly or wastefully. 3. n. an extravagant display; an expensive indulgence; a

spree splurge : spend ::

spoil [spɔil] v.t. 망치다; 응석을 받아주다, 버릇없이 만들다 : CODDLE

1. a. to impair the value or quality of b. to damage irreparably; ruin

2. to impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously

3. to do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by oversolicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise

cosseted ↔ unspoiled cosset 귀여워하다, 응석받이로 기르다 to pamper

spoke [spouk] n. 바퀴살 spoke : hub :: radius : center

spontaneous [spɑntéiniəs] a. 자연발생적인; 야생의, 천연의 : NATURAL

1. happening or arising without apparent external cause; self-generated

2. arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint

3. unconstrained and unstudied in manner or behavior 4. growing without cultivation or human labor; indigenous

juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning gauche 무뚝뚝한, 투박스러운; 서투른, 미숙한 lacking social polish;

tactless spontaneous : planning :: (A에는 B가 없는) spontaneous ↔ premeditated

spoof [spuːf] n. 희문, 조롱 1. nonsense; tomfoolery 2. a hoax 3. a gentle satirical imitation; a light parody

nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody ode : poetry :: spoof : parody

sporadic [spərǽdik] a. 간헐적인, 산발적인 1. occurring at irregular intervals; having no pattern or order

in time 2. appearing singly or at widely scattered localities, as a

plant or disease 3. isolated; unique

sporadic ↔ regular, steady, chronic, frequent chronic 상습적인, 만성인

sprain [sprein] n. (손목, 발목 등을) 삐기, 염좌 1. a painful wrenching or laceration of the ligaments of a

joint 2. the condition resulting from s sprain

lacerate 찢다, 째다; (마음 등을) 상하게 하다, 괴롭히다 1. to rip, cut, or tear 2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress ligament [lígəmənt] 줄, 끈; 인

sprain : injury :: cold : contagion :: influenza : disease (A ∈ B)

sprightly [spráitli] a. 쾌활한 : SPIRITED : full of spirit and vitality; lively; brisk

dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly dodder 몸을 떨다; 비틀비틀 걷다 cavort [kəvɔ :rt] 신이 나서 떠들며 다니다, 흥청거리다

hangdog ↔ sprightly

spry [sprai] a. 활기찬, 기운찬 : lively, active, and brisk; vigorous

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spry ↔ devastated devastate 황폐화시키다; 무찌르다, 압도하다

spunk [spʌŋk] n. 원기 spunk ↔ timidity

spur [spəːr] v.t. 박차를 가하다, 자극하다, 다그치다 : STIMULATE

1. to urge (a horse) on by the use of spurs 2. to incite or stimulate

deter ↔ spur

spurious [spjú-əriəs] a. 가짜의; 사생아의 : FALSE 1. lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not

genuine; false 2. of illegitimate birth

spurious : authenticity :: (LACK) spurious ↔ authentic, genuine spuriousness ↔ authenticity

spurn [spəːrn] v. 콧방귀 뀌다, 냉 하다 1. to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn 2. to kick at or tread on disdainfully

spurn : reject :: despise : ignore (A>>B) spurn ↔ welcome willingly, want, desire, accept, court, crave, embrace, uphold, seek, take willingly court 비위를 맞추다, 구애하다, 유혹하다 crave 갈망하다, 필요로 하다, 간청하다

spurned ↔ beloved

squabble [skwɑ b-əl] v. 말다툼하다 : to engage in a disagreeable argument, usually over a

trivial matter squabble : dispute, quarrel :: foible : failing (A << B) foible 사소한 약점, 결점; 칼날의 약한 부분 ↔ forte

tiff : squabble :: foible : failing tiff 역정; 입씨름 a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel

squalid [skwɑ lid / skwɔ l-] a. 더러운, 야비한; 비참한, 천한 1. dirty and wretched, as from poverty or lack of care 2. morally repulsive; sordid

squalid, sordid ↔ pristine, immaculate, salubrious pristine 초기의, 원시 상태의; 순박한 immaculate 순백의, 티 없는; 순결한; 결점 없는

squall [skwɔːl] n. 질풍, 돌풍; 소란, 소동 1. a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied

by rain or snow 2. a brief commotion

squall : commotion :: flash : illumination

squalor [skwɑ ləːr, skwɔ ːl- / skwɔ ləːr] n. 더러움, 비열함 : a filthy and wretched condition or quality

squalor ↔ immaculateness, splendor, sincerity, ceremony, salubrity immaculate 순백의, 티 없는; 순결한; 결점 없는 splendor 호화; 웅장함, 탁월; 빛남, 광채 ceremony 의식; 예의, 예절; 예절바른 행동 strict observance of

formalities or etiquette

squander [skwɑ ndəːr] v.t. 낭비하다 : DISSIPATE : to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate

squandering : spend :: gluttony : eat proctor : supervise :: prodigal : squander proctor ( 학의) 시험 감독관; 리인, 변인

squander : expend :: coercion : intimidate :: adulate : admire coerce 억압하다, 강제하다

squander : meager :: conserve, hoard, husband ↔ waste, squander, exhaust squander ↔ skimp, scrimp skimp v. 인색하게 굴다, 아까워하다 a. 부족한, 인색한

squash [skwa∫] v. 짓누르다, 납작하게 만들다; 어 넣다; 억누르다 1. to beat, squeeze, or press into a pulp or a flattened mass;

crush 2. to put down or suppress; quash 3. to silence or fluster, as with crushing words

squash ↔ foment

squat [skwɑt / skwɔt] a. 땅딸막한; 웅크린 1. short and thick; low and broad 2. crouched in a squatting position

squat ↔ tall and thin, lean

squeamish a. (꼴사납게) 점잔빼는 새침한, (도덕적으로) 지나치게 까다로운, 너무 결벽한, 지나치게 고지식한, 걸핏하면 토하는, 메스꺼운

squeamish : disgust :: tractable : manage

squelch [skweltʃ] v. 짓누르다, 진압하다 : QUELL, SQUASH 1. to crush by or as if by trampling; squash 2. to put down or silence, as with a crushing retort

squelch, squash ↔ foment, kindle

squint, squiz [skwint] v. 눈을 가늘게 뜨고 보다, 엿보다, 흘겨보다; 넌지시 비추다

1. to look with the eyes partly closed, as in bright sunlight 2. a. to look or glance sideways b. to look askance, as in disapproval 3. to have an indirect reference or inclination 4. to be affected with strabismus([strəbízməs] 사팔눈, 사시)

askance; a. 비스듬히, 곁눈질로, 의심하여 squiz, squint : eye :: pucker : mouth pucker [pʌkər] (입술을) 오므리다, 주름이 잡히다 to gather into small

wrinkles or folds

stabilize [stéibəl`aiz] v. 안정/고정시키다; 일정한 수준으로 유지하다 1. to make stable or steadfast 2. to maintain the stability of (an airplane or sip, for

example) by means of a stabilizer 3. to keep from fluctuating; fix the level of

stabilize ↔ fluctuate, teeter stability ↔ inconstancy

stagnant [stǽgnənt] a. 정체된, 괴어 있는 : motionless

stagnant ↔ flowing, moving

staid [steid] a. 침착한; 안정된 : SOBER, GRAVE 1. characterized by sedate dignity and often a strait-laced

sense or propriety; sober 2. fixed; permanent

staid ↔ jaunty, puckish, jocular jaunty 경쾌한, 멋진; 말쑥한

stain [stein] n. 염료, 얼룩; 오점, 흠 v. 더럽히다, 얼룩지게 하다 동사 1. to discolor, soil, or spot 더럽히다 2. to bring into disrepute; taint or tarnish (명성 등을) 더럽히다 3. to color (glass, for example) with a coat of penetrating

liquid dye or tint 염색하다, 색을 입히다 4. to treat (specimens for the microscope) with a reagent or

dye that makes visible certain structures without affecting others

dye : stain ::

stalemate [stéilmèit] n. 교착 상태, 막다른 궁지 : DEADLOCK

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: a situation in which further action is blocked; a deadlock clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations clog 방해하다; 막히게 하다, 메우다

stalk [sto:k] v.몰래 다가가다/추적하다; (거드름 피며, 으스 며) 걷다

1. to walk with a stiff, haughty, or angry gait 2. to move threateningly or menacingly 3. to track prey or quarry

collude : cooperate :: stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter grazing : foragers :: stalking : hunter

stalwart [stɔ ːlwəːrt] a. 튼튼한, (결의가) 굳센, 확고부동한 1. having or marked by imposing physical strength 2. firm and resolute; stout

constant : stalwart :: judicious : sage (형 : 형, EQUAL) stalwart : irresolution :: (A에는 B가 없는) lank ↔ stalwart lank 부드러운; 호리호리한 long and lean; long, straight, and limp

stalwart ↔ timorous, infirm, irresolute, gangling

stamina [stǽmənə] n. 체력, 정력 : physical or moral strength to resist or withstand illness,

fatigue, or hardship stamina ↔ frailty

stammer [stǽməːr] v. 더듬으며 말하다 : HALT : to speak with involuntary pauses or repetitions

falter : act :: stammer : speak falter 비틀거리다, 머뭇거리다; 더듬거리다

stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous

stanch [st :nt∫|stɑ:nt∫] v. (액체, 특히 피를) 멎게 하다; 누그러뜨

리다, 달래다 1. to stop or check the flow of (blood or tears, for example) 2. to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) 3. to check or allay

stanch ↔ let it flow

standard [stǽndərd] n. 기준, 규범, 척도, 본보기 adj. 표준의, 기준이 되는

aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic standard ↔ atypical argot ↔ standard language, common verbalism

stanza [stǽnzə] n. 절, 연 : STROPHE : one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more

lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines

ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: prose : paragraph :: novel : paragraph :: symphony : movement

stanza : line :: volume : issue stanza : poem, poetry :: movement : symphony :: paragraph : prose prose 산문 ⇔ verse 운문

quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech quatrain [kwátrein] 4행시

stark [stɑːrk] a. 완전한; 황량한, 간소한(수수한) 1. bare; blunt 2. complete or utter; extreme 3. harsh; grim

stark ↔ ornate, lavish, colorful, productive, indistinct, weak, subtle, hidden (useful은 오답)

startle [stɑ ːrtl] v.t. 깜짝 놀라게 하다 1. to cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start 2. to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch solicitous 걱정하는; 갈망하는

startle ↔ lull, cause tranquil (파워프랩에서-appease는 답이 아님)

stasis [stéisis] n. 균형/정지 상태 : a condition of balance among various forces;

motionlessness stasis ↔ changing period, period of change, activity, moving, disequilibrium, motility

static [stǽtik] a. 정적인 1. having no motion; being at rest; quiescent 2. fixed; stationary

static : movable :: pliable : inflexible motile ↔ static motile [móutəl] 운동성의 moving or having the power to move

spontaneously

stature [stǽtʃəːr] n. 신장, 키; 달성; 품위, 재능 1. the natural height of a human being or an animal in an

upright position 2. an achieved level; status

stature : tall :: sound, volume : loud

status [stéitəs, stǽtəs] n. 지위, 신분; 높은 지위; (사물의) 상태, 정세 1. position relative to that of others; standing 2. high standing; prestige 3. a state of affairs; situation

abase : status :: shorten : length, height

staunch [stɑːntʃ, stɔːntʃ] adj. 충실한 : steadfast in loyalty or principle

staunch ↔ irresolute / wavering

steadfast [stédfæ st, -fəst] a. 확고부동의 1. fixed or unchanging; steady 2. firmly loyal or constant; unswerving

swerve 빗나가다, 이탈하다 to turn aside or be turned aside from a straight course capricious ↔ steadfast

stealth [stelθ] n. 은 한 방법 1. the act of moving, proceeding, or acting in a covert way 2. the quality of characteristic of being furtive or covert

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied

steep [stiːp] a. 가파른, 험준한; 터무니없이 비싼, 엄청난 v. 적시다, 담그다; 몰두하다, 열중하다 v. 1. to soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a

given property from 2. to infuse or subject thoroughly to 3. to make thoroughly wet; saturate

collapse : implode :: steep : immerse immerse 물에 담그다, 가라앉히다; 완전히 몰두하다

precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness precipice 절벽, 벼랑; 위기, 궁지 defile v. 더럽히다; 모독하다 n. 좁은 길, 골짜기

steep ↔ parch parch 바싹 말리다; 볶다, 굽다

stench [stentʃ] n. 악취 : a strong, foul odor; a stink

stench : nose :: din : ear

stencil 스텐실 [종이, 금속판 등에서 무늬, 문자 등을 오려낸 것] stencil : lettering :: pattern : sewing

stentorian [stentɔ ːriən] a. 큰 소리의 : extremely loud

audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A<<B) stentorian ↔ faint

sterile [stéril / -rail] a. 불모의, 살균한

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1. not producing or incapable of producing offspring 2. a. not producing or incapable of producing seed, fruit

spores, or other reproductive structure b. producing little or no vegetation; unfruitful 3. free from live bacteria or other microorganisms 4. lacking imagination, creativity, or vitality 5. lacking the power to function; not productive or

effective; fruitless sterile : bacteria :: impeccable : flaws impeccable 죄가 없는; 나무랄 데 없는

plain : austere :: clean : sterile (A << B) verdant ↔ sterile verdant 초목으로 뒤덮인, 신록의; 미숙한, 순진한

sterilize [stérəl`aiz] v. 살균/소독하다; 단종시키다; 메마르게 하다, 불모지로 만들다

1. to make free from live bacteria or other microorganisms 2. to deprive (a person or an animal) of the ability to

produce offspring, as by removing the reproductive organs

3. a. to make incapable of bearing fruit or germinating b. to render (land) unfruitful 4. to make inoffensive or innocuous

sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sterilize ↔ contaminate

stickle [stíkl] v. (사소한 일로) 트집 잡다; 이의를 제기하다 1. to argue or contend stubbornly, especially about trivial

or petty points 2. to have or raise objections; scruple

stickler [stíkləːr] n. 까다로운 사람; 곤란한 문제 1. one who insists on something unyieldingly 2. something puzzling or difficult

stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration stickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinary :: defeatist : resigned defeatist 패배주의자 a person who surrenders easily or is subject to

defeatism stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate pedagogue 교육자, 선생; 학자인 체하는 사람

stickler : imprecision :: prude : impropriety prude 숙녀인 체하는 여자, 새침데기

stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected

stiff [stif] a. 굳은, 딱딱한; 매끄럽게 움직이지 않는; 거센, 격렬한 numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness suppleness ↔ stiffness, rigidness

stifle [stáif-əl] v.t. 질식시키다; 억압하다, 억누르다; 진압하다 : DETER, DISCOURAGE

1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example) 2. to keep in or hold back; repress 3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate

stifle ↔ foment, foster

stigma [stígmə] n. 치욕 : STAIN 1. a mark or token of infamy, disgrace, or reproach 2. a small mark; a scar(흉터) or birthmark * stigmatize v.t. ~에 낙인을 찍다

stigmatize : contempt :: bemoan : regret stigma ↔ mark of esteem

stilted [stíltid] a. 과장한, 허풍떠는; 으스 는 : POMPOUS, LOFTY, 딱딱한

: stiffly or artificially formal; stiff

stint [stint] v. 절약하다 : to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing

with

lavish ↔ stint lavish 아낌없이 주다

stingy [stíndʒi] a. 인색한 1. giving or spending reluctantly 2. scanty or meager

miser : stingy :: sage : judicious :: loner : solitary sage 현명한/슬기로운 사람; 현인, 철인 loner 남과 사귀지 않는 사람, 혼자 행동하는 사람, 독불장군(lone

wolf) one who avoids the company of other people insensible : boor :: stingy : miser generosity ↔ stinginess generously ↔ stingily

stipple [stíp-əl] v. 점각/점묘/점채하다 1. to draw, engrave, or paint in dots or short strokes 2. to apply (paint, for example) in dots or short strokes 3. to dot, fleck, or speckle

stipple : dot :: striate : band :: penetrate : hole striate v. ~에 홈(줄)을 내다

stipulate [stípjəleit] v. 명기하다, 약속하다 1. a. to lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by

contract b. to specify or arrange in an agreement 2. to guarantee or promise (something) in an agreement stipulation [stipjəlei∫ən] n. 조항, 계약

request : command :: propose : stipulate (A << B) stipulation ↔ tacit requirement

stir [stəːr] v. 휘젓다, 부추기다, 북돋우다 1. a. to pass an implement through (a liquid, for example) in

circular motions so as to mix or cool the contents b. to introduce (an ingredient, for example) into a liquid or

mixture c. to mix together the ingredients of before cooking or use 2. to alter the placement of slightly; disarrange 3. to take place; happen 4. to be capable of being stirred 5. to be roused or affected by strong feelings

exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir dissipate : stir :: (A >> B) impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir indolent 게으른, 나태한

lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge appetite 식욕; 욕구, 욕망 a strong with or urge

stitch [stit∫] n. 한 바늘, 한 땀 : a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing

or surgical suturing tile : mosaic :: stitch : sampler sampler 자수의 견본 작품; 선집(選集)

stock [stɑk / stɔk] n. 재고, 비축; 증권 a. 평범한 1. kept regularly in stock 재고의 2. repeated regularly without any thought or originality;

routine 평범한, 틀에 박힌 census : population :: inventory : stock stock ↔ unique

stockade [stɑkéid / stɔk-] n. 방책, 우리 1. a defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers driven

upright side by side into the ground 2. a. a similar fenced or enclosed area, especially one used

for protection b. a jail on a military base

stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support

stodgy [stɑ dʒi / stɔ dʒi] a. 답답한; (음식이) 소화가 잘 안되는;답답한, 재미없는; 지루한; (생각이) 케케묵은, 구식의, 지나치

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게 격식차리는 1. a. dull, unimaginative, and commonplace b. prim or pompous; stuffy 2. indigestible and starchy; heavy 3. solidly build; stocky

mawkish : sentimental :: mad : excited :: stodgy : conservative :: foolhardy : adventurous (A >> B) mawkish 지나치게 감상적인; 역겨운

stodgy ↔ exciting

stoic [stóuik] n. 금욕주의자 a. 극기의, 금욕의, 태연한 : one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy,

grief, pleasure, or pain stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy avaricious immoderately desirous of wealth or gain; greedy

stoic : perturb :: perfectionist : satisfy stoic : perturbed :: buoyant : submerged stoic ↔ liberal

stoke [stouk] v. 불을 지피다; (증오 등을) 불러일으키다 1. to stir up and feed (a fire or furnace) 2. to feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace)

stoke : fuel :: irrigate : water stoke : fuel :: garnish : decoration

stolid [stɑ lid / stɔ l-] a. 둔감한, 무감동의 : UNEMOTIONAL : having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; impassive

stolid ↔ excitable, emotional excitable (자극에 대해서) 흥분하는, 격하기 쉬운

stomach [stʌ mək] v. 먹다, 소화하다, 새기다; 참다, 견디다 : to bear; tolerate

stomach ↔ refuse to tolerate

stopgap [stápgæp|stɔ p-] n. adj. 구멍 메우개, 임시변통(의) stopgap : temporary ::

stonewall [stounwɔ ːl] v. 방해하다 : (informal) a. to engage in delaying tactics; stall b. to

refuse to answer or cooperate stonewall ↔ cooperate fully

stouthearted [stounwɔ ːl] a. 담한 : brave; courageous

pusillanimous ↔ stouthearted pusillanimous 우유부단한, 소심한 lacking courage; cowardly

straggle [strǽg-əl] vi. 벗어나다, 낙오하다;헝클어지다, 산재하다 : ROVE, STRAY 1. to stray or fall behind 2. to proceed or spread out in a scattered or irregular group

rove 방황하다, 유랑하다 to wander about at random, especially over a wide area; roam

strait [streit] n. 해협; 곤궁, 궁핍 1. a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water 2. a position of difficulty, perplexity, distress, or need

isthmus : land :: strait : water isthmus [ísməs] 지협(地峽) a narrow strip of land connecting two

larger land areas

stratagem [strǽtədʒəm] n. 전략, 계략, 책략 1. a military maneuver designed to deceive or surprise an

enemy 2. a clever, often underhand scheme for achieving an

objective stratagem : deceive :: concession : placate

stratify [strǽtəfài] v. 계층화하다 1. to form, arrange, or deposit in layers

2. a. to arrange or separate into castes, classes, or social levels

b. to separate into a sequence of graded status levels * stratification 층상(배열), 지층, 성층

stratification : layer :: perforation : hole stratify ↔ homogenize

stray [strei] a. 길을 잃은, 빗나간; 산재한 adj. 1. straying or having strayed; wandering or lost 2. scattered or separated v. 1. a. to move away from a group, deviate from the correct

course, or go beyond established limits b. to become lost 2. to wander about without a destination or purpose; roam

digressive : topic, subject :: stray : group

strength [streŋkθ] n. 세기 slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength slacken 활발하지 않게 하다, 굼뜨게 하다 dilute 묽게 하다; 약화시키다

strenuous [strénjuəs] a. 정력적인, 열심인; 격렬한 1. requiring great effort, energy, or exertion 2. vigorously active; energetic or zealous

stress [stres] n. 강조 : importance, significance, or emphasis placed on something

stress ↔ de-emphasis

strew [struː] v. 흩뿌리다 : to spread by scattering

strew ↔ collect

striate [stráieit] v.t. 홈을 새겨 넣다 : to mark with striae or striations

grooved : striating :: braided : stranded stipple : dot :: striate : band striated : groove :: dappled : spot

stricture [stríktʃəːr] n. 제한, 구속; 혹평 1. a restraint, limit, or restriction 2. an adverse remark or criticism; censure

eulogy ↔ stricture

stride [straid] vi. 성큼성큼 걷다 1. to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous

way 2. to take a single long step, as in passing over an

obstruction quaff : sip :: stride : mince

strident [stráid-ənt] a. 귀에 거슬리는 : loud, harsh, grating, or shrill; discordant

stridency : sound :: acridity : odor :: garishness : appearance (DEFECTIVE) acrid (맛, 냄새가) 찌르는 듯한, 얼얼한; 신랄한

strike [straik] vi. 치다; (화폐, 매달을) 주조하다 strike : medal :: mint : coin mint (화폐를) 주조하다; 만들어내다

stringent [stríndʒ-ənt] a. 엄격한; 자금이 부족한 : TIGHT, CONSTRICTED

1. imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe 2. constricted; tight 3. characterized by scarcity of money, credit restrictions, or

other financial strain stringent ↔ lax

strip [strip] v.t. 벗기다

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bedeck ↔ strip bedeck 꾸미다 to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion

strut [strʌt] v. 뽐내며 걷다 n. 버팀목, 지주 : to walk with pompous bearing; swagger 1. a pompous, self-important gait 2. a bar or rod used to brace a structure against forces

applied from the side strut : walk :: pontificate : speak strut : wing :: buttress : wall :: guy : pylon guy 당김줄, 버팀 밧줄

stubborn [stʌ bəːrn] a. 완고한, 고집 센 1. a. unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; bullheaded b. firmly resolved or determined; resolute 2. characterized by perseverance; persistent 3. difficult to treat or deal with; resistant to treatment or

effort

studio [stjú:diou] n. 작업장 studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist

stultify [stʌ ltəfài] v.t. 바보로 만들다, 무효화하다 1. to render useless or ineffectual; cripple 2. to cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous

stultify ↔ animate, stir, excite, remind, stimulate, enliven, inspire enliven 활기띠게 하다, 쾌활하게 하다, 북돋우다 stultifying ↔ stimulating

stumble [stʌ mb-əl] v. 비틀거리다; 망설이다, 더듬거리다; 실수하다 1. a. to miss one's step in walking or running; trip and

almost fall b. to proceed unsteadily or falteringly; flounder c. to act or speak falteringly or clumsily

2. to make a mistake; blunder 3. to fall into evil ways; err 4. to come upon accidentally or unexpectedly

stumble ↔ win out

stun [stʌn] v.t. 아연실색케 하다; (귀를) 멍하게 하다 : DAZE 1. to daze or render senseless, by or as if by a blow 2. to overwhelm or daze with a loud noise 3. to stupefy, as with the emotional impact of an

experience; astound daze 멍하게 하다, 어리둥절하게 하다

stunt [stʌnt] v. 발육을 저지하다 : to check the growth or development of

obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth nurture ↔ stunt

stupefy [stjúːpəfài] v. 마비시키다; 경실색케 하다 1. to dull the senses or faculties of 2. to amaze; astonish

stupor [st:jú:pər] n. 마비 상태; 망연자실한 상태 1. a state of reduced or suspended sensibility 2. a state of mental numbness, as that resulting from

shock; a daze stupor : alert :: despair : hopeful

sturdy [stə ːrdi] a. 힘센; 용감한, 불굴의 1. having or showing rugged physical strength 2. substantially made or built; stout 3. marked by resoluteness or determination; firm 4. vigorous or robust

sturdy ↔ decrepit, weak, feeble, powerless

stygian [stídʒiən] a. 삼도천의, 지옥의; 어두운 1. a. gloomy and dark

b. infernal; hellish 2. of or relating to the river Styx

stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A>>B)

stylus [stáiləs] n. 첨필; 바늘 1. a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking, or

engraving 2. a phonograph needle 3. a sharp, pointed tool used for cutting record grooves

stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination stylus : engraving :: shield : protecting

stymie [stáimi] v. 방해하다, 좌절시키다 : to thwart; stump

stymie ↔ abet, promote, foster

subdue [səbdjúː] v.t. 정복하다, 억누르다; ~을 완화시키다 (subdued : 정복된, 억압된; 완화된, 억제된) 1. to conquer and subjugate; vanquish 2. to quiet or bring under control by physical force or

persuasion; make tractable 3. to make less intense or prominent; tone down 4. to bring (land) under cultivation

impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE) impervious 불침투성의; 영향을 받지 않는

subdue ↔ inflame, burgeon subdued ↔ unruly, flamboyant indomitable ↔ easily subdued

subject [sʌ bdʒikt] n. 신하, 가신; 피지배자 1. one who is under the rule of another or others, especially

one who owes allegiance to a government or ruler 2. a. one concerning which something is said or done b. something that is treated or indicated in a work of art 3. a course or area of study 4. a basis for action; a cause 5. a. one that experiences or is subjected to something b. one that is the object of clinical study c. one who is under surveillance d. a corpse intended for study and dissection

potentate ↔ subject potentate 주권자, 군주, 지배자

subjugate [sʌ bdʒugèit] v.t. 복종시키다 : CONQUER 1. to bring under control; conquer 2. to make subservient; enslave

blur : definition :: subjugate : independence subjugation ↔ liberation subjugate ↔ enfranchise enfranchise 참정권을 주다; 해방하다(emancipate)

sublime [səbláim] a. 장엄한, 경외할 만한 1. characterized by nobility; majestic 2. a. of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth

b. not to be excelled; supreme 3. inspiring awe; impressive

sublime : awe :: sublime ↔ ridiculous, base, common, worthless, despicable, furtive, laughable, not suitable, stealthy

subliminal [sʌblímənəl] a. 잠재의식의 1. below the threshold of conscious perception 2. inadequate to produce conscious awareness but able to

evoke a response subliminal ↔ at a perceptible level

submerge [səbmə ːrdʒ] v.t. 물에 담그다; 감추어 보이지 않게 하다 1. to place under water 2. to cover with water 3. to hide from view; obscure

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submerge : buoyant :: bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble submerge : water :: inter : earth

submissive [səbmísiv] a. 순종하는, 복종하는 : inclined or willing to submit

insubordinate : submissive :: capricious : deliberate submissive ↔ imperious

subordinate [səbɔ ːrdənit] a. 부차적인, 복종하는 : INFERIOR 1. belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank; secondary 2. subject to the authority or control of another

principal ↔ subordinate tractable ↔ insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한

subpoena [səbpíːnə] n. 소환장 : a writ requiring appearance in court to give testimony

writ 영장 a written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act lien : claim :: subpoena : command lien 선취특권, 유치권 the right to take and hold or sell the property

of a debtor as security or payment for a debt or duty subpoena : witness :: conscript : soldier

subservient [səbsə :rviənt] a. 굴종하는, 비굴한, 추종하는; 도움

이 되는, 유용한; 부차적인, 종속적인 1. subordinate in capacity or function 2. obsequious; servile 3. useful as a means or an instrument; serving to promote

an end willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning subservient : insubordinate

subside [səbsáid] v. 가라앉다; 진정되다, 침강하다 1. to sink to a lower or normal level 2. to sink or settle down, as into a sofa 3. to sink to the bottom, as a sediment 4. to become less agitated or active; abate

subside ↔ withhold pressure, intensify subside ↔ wax

subsidiary [səbsídièri] n. 부차적인, 보조의,보조금

의:AUXILIARY 1. serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary 2. secondary in importance; subordinate 3. of, relating to, or of the nature of a subsidy

preponderant ↔ subsidiary preponderant 우세한, 압도적인 having superior weight, force,

importance, or influence

subsidy [sʌ bsidi] n. 보조금 1. monetary assistance granted by a government to a

person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest

2. financial assistance given by one person or government to another

* subsidize v. 보조금을 지급하다, 원조를 얻다 sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive sop 빵 조각; 비위를 맞추는 것, 뇌물

subsidy : support :: debt : obligation subsidize ↔ hinder, impede, obstruct, reject, undermine

substantial [səbstǽnʃəl] a. 실체의, 중요한, 상당한 1. of, relating to, or having substance; material 2. true or real; not imaginary 3. solidly built; strong 4. ample; sustaining 5. considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or

extent 6. possessing wealth or property; well-to-do

groundless : substantial :: (OPPOSITE) substantial ↔ trivial, diaphanous, vaporous, vague, tenuous diaphanous [daiǽfənəs] 내비치는, 투명한; 섬세한; 하찮은 tenuous 가느다란, 희박한, 엷은; 빈약한, 보잘것없는

substantiate [səbstǽnʃièit] v.t. 확증하다; 구체화하다 : VERIFY 1. to support with proof or evidence; verify 2. a. to give material form to; embody

b. to make firm or solid 3. to give substance to; make real or actual

substantiate ↔ disapprove, controvert controvert 반박하다, 부정하다; 논쟁하다 to raise arguments against;

voice opposition to substantiated ↔ inane inane 어리석은, 무의미한; 공허한, 텅 빈

unsubstantiated ↔ verified substantiation ↔ disproof

substantive [sʌ bstəntiv] adj. 본질적인, 실재적인 : substantive negotiations or issues deal with the most

important and central aspects of a subject. (formal) substantive ↔ trivial

subterfuge [sʌ btərfjùːdʒ] n. 핑계, 구실 : a deceptive stratagem or device

subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour decant (액체를) 가만히 따르다

candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate subterfuge ↔ openness

subtle [sʌ tl] a. 포착하기 어려운, 미묘한 : OBSCURE 1. a. so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive

b. not immediately obvious; abstruse 2. able to make fine distinctions 3. a. characterized by skill or ingenuity; clever

b. crafty or sly; devious c. operating in a hidden, usually injurious way; insidious

insidious 틈을 엿보는, 교활한, 방심할 수 없는; 모르는 사이에 진행

되는 subtle : ignore :: salient : observe salient 두드러진, 현저한; 튀어나온, 돌출된 strikingly conspicuous;

prominent subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead palpable, blatant, obvious ↔ subtle blatant 소란스러운; 야한, 뻔뻔스러운

subvert [səbvə ːrt] v. 전복/타도하다, 파멸시키다; 부패시키다 1. to destroy completely; ruin 2. to undermine the character, morals, or allegiance of;

corrupt 3. to overthrow completely

sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation subversion : undermine :: acquisition : accumulate subvert ↔ reinforce, establish, promote, ratify, uphold

succinct [səksíŋkt] a. 간결한 : characterized by clear, precise expression in few words;

concise and terse loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (OPPOSITE) adroit 손재주가 있는; 능숙한, 기민한 dexterous; deft

babble ↔ express succinctly succinctness ↔ verbosity, prolixity, circumlocution voluble, prolix, verbose ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent reticent 말이 적은; 삼가는, 신중한

circumlocution ↔ succinct expression succinct ↔ lengthy, prolonged, unabridged, verbose, wordy, voluble, loquacious, prolix

succor [sʌ kər] v.t. 도와주다, 원조하다 : RELIEVE n. 구조, 원조 n. 1. assistance in time of distress; relief

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2. one that affords assistance or relief to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or distress

succor : relief :: caution : warning succor ↔ aggravate, withdraw assistance, deny aid, hinder, impede, oppose, prevent, undermine, discourage, inhibit

succulent [sʌ kjələnt] a. 즙이 많은, 흥미진진한 n. 다즙식물 : full of juice or sap : highly interesting or enjoyable; delectable 유쾌한, 즐거운 * succulence

succulent ↔ desiccated, dry (languid는 오답)

suffocate [sʌ fək`eit] v. 호흡을 곤란하게 하다; 질식사시키다, 목 졸라 죽이다

1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen 2. to impair the respiration of 3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the

supply of fresh air 4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity

of; stifle suffocate : oxygen :: starve : nutrients

suffuse [səfjúːz] v. 가득하게 하다 : to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light

tint : suffuse :: amble : wander (A << B)

sugar candy : sugar :: tire : rubber

suggestible [səgdʒéstəbəl] a. 영향 받기 쉬운 : readily influenced by suggestion

suite [swiːt] n. 한 벌; 특별실, 스위트 룸; 조곡, 모음곡; 수행

원 일행 1. a staff of attendants or followers; a retinue 2. a. a group of related things intended to be used

together; a set b. a set of matching furniture 3. a series of connected rooms used as a living unit 4. (music) an instrumental composition consisting of a

succession of dances in the same or related keys retinue : attendant :: suite : room retinue 시종의 일행; 수행단

sulky [sʌ lki] a. 뚱한, 부루퉁한; 음침한 1. sullenly aloof or withdrawn 2. gloomy; dismal

sulky ↔ rejoicing

sullen [sʌ lən] a. 시무룩한, 언짢은; 음침한 1. showing a brooding ill humor or silent resentment;

morose or sulky 2. gloomy or somber in tone, color, or portent 3. sluggish; slow

sullen ↔ lively, affable, elated, bright, friendly

sully [sʌ li] v. 더럽히다, (명예를) 손상시키다 1. to mar the cleanness or luster of; soil or stain 2. to defile; taint * sullied

sullied : cleanness :: sully ↔ cleanse

summary [sʌ məri] n. 요약 a. 요약한, 간략한; 즉결의, 약식의 a. 1. presenting the substance in a condensed form; concise 2. performed speedily and without ceremony

compendium : summary :: anthology : collection aside : digression :: summary : excerpt summary ↔ protracted protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong

summarily ↔ after long deliberation

summit [sʌ mit] n. 정상, 정점 1. the highest point or part; the top 2. the highest level or degree that can be attained 3. a. the highest level, as of government officials b. a summit conference 정상회담

crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain roof : room :: summit : mountain nadir ↔ summit

summon [sʌ mən] v.t. 소환하다, 소집하다 1. to call together; convene 2. to request to appear; send for 3. (law) to order to appear in court by the issuance of a

summons 4. to order to take a specified action; bid 5. to call forth; evoke

command : request :: summon : invite (A >> B) summons : citation :: summons 호출, 소집; 소환, 출두 명령 citation 인용, 예시; 언급, 열거; 소환(장)

summon ↔ dismiss

sumptuous [sʌ mptʃuəs] a. 값진, 고가의; 호화로운, 사치스러운 of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish

sumptuous ↔ ascetic, frugal, spartan, sober sumptuousness ↔ sobriety sobriety 진지, 근엄, 엄숙; 절주, 금주 gravity in bearing, manner, or

treatment

sunder [sʌ ndər] v. 절단하다, 분리하다 : to break or wrench apart; sever

collapse : implode :: divide : sunder (A << B) sunder ↔ connect, link, combine, bond, yoke, merge, coalesce, conjoin, tether, unite, meld yoke 멍에를 메우다; (소, 말을) 쟁기에 매다; 한데 묶다, 연결하다;

복종시키다

supercilious [sùːpərsíliəs] a. 거만한 : feeling or showing haughty disdain

supercilious : hauteur :: supercilious ↔ obsequious, humble, groveling groveling 기는, 엎드린, 비굴한, 아첨하는 superciliousness ↔ humility

superficial [sùːpərfíʃəl] a. 표면의; 허울뿐인, 피상적인; 하찮은, 실체가 없는 1. of, affecting, or being on or near the surface 2. concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or

obvious; shallow 3. apparent rather than actual or substantial 4. trivial; insignificant

superficial ↔ central, profound

superfluous [suːpə ːrfluəs] a. 여분의, 불필요한 : EXTRA : being beyond what is required or sufficient

pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity terseness : superfluous :: transitory : permanent superfluous : indispensable :: indigent : wealthy (OPPOSITE) superfluous ↔ elemental, integral

superimpose [su:pə:rimpóuz] v. 얹다, 포개놓다; 덧붙이다, 첨가하다 1. to lay or place (something) on or over something else 2. to add as a distinct feature, element, or quality

superimpose : above :: insert : between

supine [suːpáin] a. 반듯이 누운; 무관심한; 나태한, 무기력한 1. lying on the back or having the face upward

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2. having the palm upward 3. marked by or showing lethargy, passivity, or

blameworthy indifference 4. inclined; sloping

vigilant ↔ oblivious, unalert, slack, negligible, supine

supplant [səplǽnt|-plá:nt] v. 신하다, 체하다; (지위 등을) 빼앗다

1. to usurp the place of, especially through intrigue or underhanded tactics

2. to displace and substitute for (another) supplant : replace :: snatch : take

supple [sʌ pəl] a. 유연한, 잘 휘는; 비위를 맞추는, 비굴한 1. readily bent; pliant 2. moving and bending with agility; limber 3. yielding or changing readily; compliant or adaptable * suppleness n.

numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless spineless 가시/등뼈가 없는; 흐느적거리는; 나약한, 근성이 없는

suppleness ↔ stiffness, rigidness

supplement [sʌ pləmənt] n. 보충, 추가; 증보, 부록 1. something added to complete a thing, make up for a

deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole 2. a section added to a book or document to give further

information or to correct errors 3. a separate section devoted to a special subject inserted

into a periodical, such as a newspaper supplement : additional :: placebo : innocuous

supplicate [sʌ pləkèit] v. 무릎 꿇고 간청하다, 기원하다 1. to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying 2. to make a humble entreaty to; beseech

protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (A >> B) protest 항의하다; 확언하다 to express strong objection; to make an

earnest avowal or affirmation supplicant : beseeching :: coquette :: flirtatious beseech 탄원하다, 간청하다 coquette 바람난 여자 a flirt

supplicate ↔ demand

supposition [sʌ pəzí∫:ən] n. 가정, 추정; 가설, 추측 1. the act of supposing 2. something supposed; an assumption

supposition ↔ certainty

suppress [səprés] v.t. 억압하다 : SUBDUE 1. to put an end to forcibly; subdue 2. to curtail or prohibit the activities of 3. to keep from being revealed, published, or circulated 4. to deliberately exclude (unacceptable desires or

thoughts) from the mind 5. to inhibit the expression of (an impulse, for example);

check 6. to reduce the incidence or severity of (a hemorrhage or a

cough, for example); arrest suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke suppress ↔ stimulate, catalyze, unrestrain

surcharge [sə :t∫á:rdʒ] n. 추가금, 부가비용, 할증금;폭리;과충전 1. an additional sum added to the usual amount or cost 2. an overcharge, especially when unlawful 3. an additional or excessive burden; an overload 4. a. a new value or denomination overprinted on a postage

or revenue stamp b. the stamp to which a new value has been applied

surcharge ↔ shortfall shortfall 부족, 부족액

surfeit [sə ːrfit] n. 과다한 공급 : EXCESS v. 과식하다, 지겹게하

다, 식상하다 : to feed or supply to excess, satiety, or disgust

surfeit ↔ deficiency, deprivation, insufficient supply, famish, starve, dearth, depletion, lack, emptiness, thinness

surgeon [sə ːrdʒən] n. 외과 의사 : a physician specializing in surgery

scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer scalpel [skǽlpəl] 외과용 메스

surmise [sə:rmáiz] v. 추측하다, 짐작하다 n. 예측, 짐작 surmise ↔ mention conclusively

surpass [sərpǽs|-pá:s] v. 능가하다, 초월하다 1. to be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend 2. to be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed

surrender [səréndər] v. 양도하다; 항복하다; 포기하다 1. to relinquish possession or control of to another because

of demand or compulsion 2. to give up in favor of another 3. to give up or give back (something that has been granted) 4. to give up or abandon 5. to give over or resign (oneself) to something, as to an

emotion) inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inalienable [inéiljənəbl] 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to

another or others propitiate to conciliate (an offended power); appease surrender ↔ appropriate

surreptitious [sə ːrəptíʃəs / sʌ r-] a. 은 한, 비 리의; 부정한 : CLANDESTINE 1. obtained, done, or made by clandestine or stealthy means 2. acting with or marked by stealth

surreptitious : secrecy :: peril : danger surreptitious ↔ barefaced, aboveboard, overt, open, forthright

surrogate [sə ːrəgèit] n. 리인; 용물 1. one that takes the place of another; a substitute 2. a. a person or an animal that functions as a substitute for

another, as in a social or family role b. a surrogate mother

For centuries animals have been used as surrogates for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans. (PP)

suspend [səspénd] vi. 매달다;보류하다, 연기하다;일시 중지하다 1. to bar for a period from a privilege, office, or position,

usually as a punishment 2. to cause to stop for a period; interrupt 3. a. to hold in abeyance; defer b. to render temporarily ineffective 4. to hang so as to allow free movement 5. to support or keep from falling without apparent

attachment, as by buoyancy suspend ↔ erect, invoke, let fall, continue, sustain, begin, proceed, resume, abet, aid, rise, admit, welcome

suspicion [səspíʃən] n. 의심, 의혹;막연한 느낌;아주 조금, 기미 : DOUBT

1. the act of suspecting something, especially something wrong, on little evidence or without proof

2. the condition of being suspected, especially of wrongdoing 3. a state of uncertainty; doubt 4. a minute amount; trace

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enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia paranoia 편집증

innuendo : suspicion :: (EQUAL) innuendo 암시, 넌지시 비침 an indirect or subtle, usually

derogatory implication in expression derogatory (권위를) 손상시키는, 경멸적인 disparaging; belittling

sustain [səstéin] v. 유지하다;부양하다,기르다;지지하다,격려하다 1. to keep in existence; maintain 2. to supply with necessities or nourishment; provide for 3. to support from below; keep from falling or sinking; prop 4. to support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of;

encourage 5. to bear up under; withstand 6. to experience or suffer 7. to affirm the validity of 8. to prove or corroborate; confirm 9. to keep up (a joke or an assumed role, for example)

competently sustain ↔ exude, terminate sustenance ↔ termination sustain ↔ weaken, undermine

suture [súːtʃər] n. 봉합; 꿰매기, 솔기 1. the process of joining two surfaces or edges together

along a line by or as if by sewing 2. the material, such as thread, gut, or wire, that is used in

this procedure 3. the line so formed

suture ↔ incision, avulsion avulsion 잡아 찢기, 떼어놓기

svelte [svelt] a. 날씬한, 유연한; 세련되고 품위 있는 : SLENDER, LITHE

: slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim lithe 나긋나긋한, 유연한

svelte ↔ plump, paunchy and awkward, chubby plump 포동포동한, 풍만한 paunchy 올챙이배의 having a potbelly

swagger [swǽgər] v. 뽐내며 걷다, 허세 부리다 1. to walk or conduct oneself with an insolent or arrogant

air; strut 2. to brag; boast

blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger hauteur [houtə :r] 거만, 오만 haughtiness in bearing and attitude;

arrogance imperious : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (A show B) caress 애무, 포옹; 존경

swamp [swɑmp / swɔmp] n. 늪, 습지; 곤경, 곤란 : a situation or place fraught with difficulties and

imponderables imponderable 잴 수 없는; 평가할 수 없는 that cannot undergo

precise evaluation

swarthy a. (사람, 얼굴 등이) 거무스름한, 까무잡잡한(0706) swarthy ↔ pallid

swath [swɑθ|sw :θ] n. (큰 낫, 풀 베는 기계의) 한 번 벤 면적; 길게 줄지은 열

swearword [swɛ ə:rwə:rd] n. 저주/욕설의 말 : an obscene or blasphemous word

accolade ↔ swearword

sweltering [swéltəriŋ] a. 무더운, 찌는 듯한 1. oppressively hot and humid; sultry 2. suffering from oppressive heat

sultry 무더운, 찌는 듯이 더움; 관능적인, 음탕한 sweltering ↔ frigid

swerve [swəːrv] v. 빗나가다, 벗어나다 : DEVIATE : to turn aside or be turned aside abruptly from a straight

course * unswerving 빗나가지 않는, (목적, 의지가) 부동한, 확고한

unswerving : conciliate :: unswerving : vacillatory :: capricious : deliberate swerve ↔ maintain direction unswerving ↔ changing, deviating, yielding

swill [swil] v. 마구 마시다; 물로 씻어내다; (돼지 등에게) 음식 찌꺼기를 넉넉히 주다 : GUZZLE 1. to drink or eat greedily or grossly 2. to flood with water, as for washing 3. to feed (animals) with swill

swill : sip :: gobble : nibble gobble 게걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다

swill ↔ sip

swindle [swíndl] v. 사기 치다, 속이다 1. to cheat or defraud of money or property 2. to obtain by fraudulent means

implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert proselytize 변절/개종시키다

swing [swiŋ] v. 흔들리다, 진동하다; 그네를 뛰다 n. 그네 oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002년 후기임) (A는 B의 운동 방식) momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.

sybarite [síbəràit] n. 사치와 향락을 일삼는 놈 : VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST

: a person devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary sybarite : ascetic :: Spartan ↔ Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious indulgent 관 한, 너그럽게 봐주는 showing, characterized by, or

given to indulgence; lenient voluptuous 사치스러운, 향락적인; 호색인, 음탕한

sybarite ↔ ascetic

sycophant [síkəfənt] n. 아첨꾼 : a servile self-seeker who attempts to win favor by flattering

influential people sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self absorbed obsequious 아부하는, 비굴한 full of or exhibiting servile compliance;

fawning sycophant : obsequious :: libertine : dissolute dissolute 방종한, 방탕한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual

pleasures or vices sycophant : fawn :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: pundit : opine :: reprobate : misbehave :: skeptic : doubt (ruffian : tease는 오답) reprobate 불량배 a morally unprincipled person

sycophantic : obsequious :: pontificate : dogmatic (EQUAL) sycophant : obsequiousness :: rival : competition :: extortionist : intimidation :: malcontent : complaint

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extortion 강요, 강탈, 착취

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sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : insurgent frugal : penurious :: deferent : sycophantic (A << B) querulous : complaint :: sycophantic : flattery sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse

syllabus [síiləbəs] n. 개요, 요지; 시간 배정 : an outline or a summary of the main points of a text,

lecture, or course of study syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting

syllogism [sílədʒìz əm] n. 연역적 추론, 3단 논법 1. (logic) a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a

major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion 2. reasoning from the general to the specific; deduction 3. a subtle or specious piece of reasoning

remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove remonstrance 항의, 항변; 충고, 타이름

sylvan [sílvən] a. 숲의, 숲에 사는, 수목으로 이루어진 n. 숲의 요정 1. relating to or characteristic of woods or forest regions. 2. located in or inhabiting a wood or forest. 3. abounding in trees; wooded. n. one that lives in or frequents the woods.

sylvan : forest :: fluvial : river :: sidereal : star :: terrestrial : earth :: arboreal : tree

symbiosis [sìmbaióusis] n. 공생 1. (biology) a close, prolonged association between two or

more different organisms of species that may, but does not necessarily, benefit each member

2. a relationship of mutual benefit or dependence * symbiotic

parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent symbiosis ↔ agonizing association, unrelated growth symbiotic ↔ independent

symmetry [símetri, -mi-] n. 칭; 균형, 평형, 조화 symmetry ↔ disproportion

sympathetic [sìmpəθétik] a. 동정적인 1. of, expressing, feeling, or resulting from sympathy 2. favorable inclined 3. agreeably suited to one's disposition or mood; congenial

callous ↔ sympathetic callous (피부가) 굳어진; 무감각한, 냉담한 emotionally hardened;

unfeeling

symphony [símfəni] n. 교향악단, 교향곡 instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer stanza : poem :: movement : symphony symphony : conductor :: film : director exhibition : painting :: concert : symphony

synchronous [síŋkrənəs] v. 동시에 일어나는, 동시 의 1. occurring or existing at the same time 2. moving or operating at the same rate 3. a. having identical periods b. having identical period and

phase synchronous ↔ uncontemporary, occurring at different times, out-of-phase contemporaneous 동시에 발생한, 동시 의

synergic [sinə ːrdʒik] a. 협력의; 상승 작용의 : COOPERATING

1. of or relating to synergy 2. producing or capable of producing synergy

synergic ↔ antagonistic

synergy n. 협력 작용, 상승효과

1. the interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater than she sum of their individual effects

2. cooperative interaction among groups, especially among the acquired subsidiaries or merged parts of a corporation, that creates an enhanced combined effect

synonymous a. 동의어인, 뜻이 같은 1. having the same or a similar meaning 2. equivalent in connotation

synonymous : meaning :: interchangeable : function

synopsis [sinɑ psis / -nɔ p-] n. 개요 : ABSTRACT : a brief outline or general view, as of a subject or written

work; an abstract or a summary synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate 증류액; 정수

synopsis : condensed :: appendix : supplementary abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative synopsis ↔ protraction protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong

synoptic ↔ protracted

synthesis [sínθəsis] n. 합성 1. the combining of separate elements or substances to form

a coherent whole 2. the complex whole so formed

synthesis ↔ analysis

synthesize [sínθəsàiz] v. 종합하다, 합성하다 1. to combine so as to form a new, complex product 2. to form or produce by chemical synthesis

synthesize ↔ break into parts, take apart, fragment fragment 산산조각이 되다, ~을 산산이 부수다

systematic [sistəmǽtik] a.체계적인, 규칙적인; 계획성 있는, 꼼꼼한 1. of, characterized by, based on, or constituting a system 2. carried on using step-by-step procedures 3. purposefully regular; methodical 4. of or relating to classification or taxonomy systematic ↔ haphazard

T tacit [tǽsit] a. 무언의, 잠잠한; 암묵의, 넌지시 내비치는

1. not spoken 2. implied by or inferred from actions or statements

tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher tacit ↔ expressly stated, directly expressed, explicit, communicative stipulation ↔ tacit requirement stipulation 규정, 명기; 계약, 약정

taciturn [ǽsətə ːrn] a. 말없는, 과묵한; 무뚝뚝한 : habitually untalkative

taciturn : chatter :: insufferable : tolerate :: magnanimous : begrudge begrudge 부러워하다, 시샘하다; (남에게 주기를) 꺼리다, 아까워하다

taciturn : talk, word :: stingy : money (A=B를 거의 (소비)하지 않는) expansive, glib, prolix, loquacious, verbose, voluble ↔ taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent, withdrawn, limited glib 지껄이는, 입심 좋은; 경쾌한 reticent 말이 적은, 과묵한; 삼가는, 신중한

verbosity, volubility, windbag ↔ taciturnity windbag 공기 주머니, 풀무; 수다쟁이

taciturn ↔ talkative, prolix, garrulous, loquacious taciturnity ↔ garrulousness

tackle [tǽk-əl] n. 도르래 장치

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bolster : support :: tackle : hoist hoist (도르래로) 끌어 올리다

tacky [tǽki] a. 끈적끈적한, 저속한, 초라한, 불쾌한 1. slightly adhesive or gummy to the touch; sticky 2. neglected and in a state of disrepair

tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel tacky ↔ appropriate, seemly, genteel, proper

tact [tækt] n. 약삭빠름, 재치 : acute sensitivity to what is proper and appropriate in

dealing with others, including the ability to speak or act without offending

tact : offensive :: money : poor (LACK) gaffe : tactless :: (CHARACTER)

tactile [tǽktil, -tail] a. 촉각의, 만져서 알 수 있는 : TANGIBLE 1. a. perceptible to the sense of touch; tangible b. characterized by or conveying an illusion of tangibility 2. used for feeling 3. of, relating to, or proceeding from the sense of touch;

tactual tactile : touch :: affective : emotion affective 감정의, 감정을 나타내는; 정서의

tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion sentient [sénʃənt] 감각이 있는, 느낄 수 있는

tactless [tǽktlis] a. 요령 없는, 서투른 : lacking or exhibiting a lack of tact; bluntly inconsiderate

or indiscreet gaffe : tactless :: obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend savvy ↔ tactless savvy 지식이 있는, 현명한 well informed and perceptive; shrewd

tadpole [tǽdpoul] n. 올챙이 tadpole : frog :: caterpillar : butterfly

tag [tæg] n. 꼬리표 tag : identify :: canopy : cover canopy 닫집, 차양

taint [teint] v.t. 더럽히다, 오염시키다; 타락시키다, 손상시키다 : CORRUPT

1. to affect with or as if with a disease 2. to affect with decay or putrefaction; spoil 3. to corrupt morally 4. to affect with a tinge of something reprehensible

taint ↔ integrity, wholesomeness, purity tainted ↔ commendable, unspoiled, wholesome, pristine, unadulterated, unblemished, uncontaminated, wholesome blemish 더럽히다, 손상시키다 to mar or impair by a flaw

talisman [tǽlismən, -iz-] n. 부적 1. an object marked with magic signs and believed to

confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection 2. something that apparently has magic power

incantation : utterance :: talisman : object (A is a kind of B+마술적인 뉘앙스) incantation 주문; 마법, 마술 Ritual recitation of verbal charms or

spells to produce a magic effect.

talon [tǽlən] n. (맹금의) 발톱 talon : eagle :: claw : panther panther 퓨마, 표범

tame [teim] a. 길들여진; 유순한; 활기 없는, 지루한 : INSIPID 1. brought from wildness into a domesticated or tractable

state 2. naturally unafraid; not timid

3. submissive; docile; fawning 4. insipid; flat 5. sluggish; languid; inactive

tame : tractable :: tame ↔ fortify, strengthen tame ↔ racy, wild, unmanageable racy 활기찬; 풍미가 있는, 향기로운

tamper [tǽmpəːr] vi. 어설프게 만져 다, 쓸데없이 간섭하다 1. to interfere in a harmful manner 2. to tinker with rashly or foolishly 3. to engage in improper or secret dealings, as in an effort to

influence tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate

tangential [tǽndʒ-ənt] a. 거의 관계가 없는, 약간 닿을 뿐인, 주제를 벗어난; 접선의; 스칠 정도의; (이야기 등이) 곁길로 새는, 탈선적인

1. of, relating to, or moving along or in the direction of a tangent

2. merely touching or slightly connected 3. only superficially relevant; divergent: a tangential remark

tangential ↔ essential, central, vital, elemental

tangible [tǽndʒəb-əl] a. 만져서 알 수 있는; 명백한 : PALPABLE 1. a. discernible by the touch; palpable b. possible to touch c. possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete 2. possible to understand or realize

initial, incipient : realized :: tangible : indefinite (OPPOSITE) (moribund : dead 관계는 오답) incipient 시작의, 초기의, 발단의 beginning to exist or appear

tangible ↔ unable to perceive, indefinite, immaterial

tang [tæŋ] n. 톡 쏘는 맛, 특유의 맛; 특성, 기미, 풍미 1. a distinctively sharp taste, flavor, or odor, as that of

orange juice 2. a distinctive quality that adds piquancy 3. a trace, hint, or smattering 4. a sharp point, tongue, or prong

tangy [tǽŋi] a. 냄새가 톡 쏘는 tangy ↔ bland

tantalize [tǽntəlàiz] v. 애타게 하여 괴롭히다, 감질나게 하다 : to excite (another) by exposing something desirable while

keeping it out of reach tease : tantalize :: tantalize ↔ comfort, console, solace, alleviate, assuage, ease, relieve, satiate, disgust, repulse, disenchant, compliment, respect

tantamount [tǽntəmàunt] a. 동등한 : equivalent in effect of value

tantamount ↔ incommensurate, different, not equivalent, opposite, unequal, incomparable, unmatching commensurate 같은 양/크기의; 비례한, 균형이 잡힌

tantrum [tǽntrəm] n. 울화, 역정 : a fit of bad temper

tantrum ↔ pacification

taper [téipəːr] vi. 끝이 점점 가늘어지다; 점점 줄어들다 1. to become gradually narrower or thinner toward one end 2. to diminish or lessen gradually

abate : intensity :: taper : width

tapestry [tǽpistri] n. 줄무늬 양탄자 : a heavy cloth woven with rich, often varicolored designs or

scenes, usually hung on walls for decoration and sometimes used to cover furniture

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chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy chiaroscuro 명암의 배합; 명암 조법

tardy [tɑ ːrdi] a. 느린, 더딘 : LATE, SLUGGISH 1. occurring, arriving, acting, or done after the scheduled,

expected, or usual time; late 2. moving slowly; sluggish

tardy : prompt :: guile : naif, naive :: fatigue : tireless (OPPOSITE)

tarnish [tɑ ːrniʃ] v. 흐리게 하다, 변색시키다; 손상시키다 1. to dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to

air or dirt 2. a. to detract from or spoil; taint b. to cast aspersions on

luster : tarnish :: abate : strength (strength : reinforce는 오답) silver : tarnish :: iron : rust tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth vitrify 유리질로 바꾸다 to change or make into glass or a glassy

substance

tarpaulin [tɑːrpɔ ːlin] n. 방수 시트 1. material, such as waterproofed canvas, used to cover

and protect things from moisture 2. a sheet of this material

tarpaulin : protect :: lock : secure (hinge : fasten은 오답) tarpaulin : protection :: caveat : precaution caveat [kéiviæt] 경고, 주의; 절차 정지 신청의 예고

tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment

tasty [téisti] a. 맛있는, 식욕을 돋우는; 재미있는 1. having a pleasing flavor; savory 2. having or showing good taste; tasteful

tasty ↔ uninteresting, insipid

tatty [tǽti] a. 천박한, 촌스러운, 초라한 : SHABBY : somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated

tatty ↔ smart(말쑥한, 멋진, 단정한), tidy, dapper, valuable, fresh

taunt [tɔːnt, tɑːnt] v. 비웃다; 비웃어 ∼하게 하다 1. to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous

manner 2. to drive or incite (a person) by taunting

taunt : insult :: flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A는 B의 성격을 지님) flout 경멸하다, 멸시하다 to show contempt for; scorn

taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (A는 B를 목적으로 하는 수단)

taut [tɔːt] a. 팽팽한; 긴장된; 말쑥한, 정연한 1. pulled or drawn tight; not slack 2. strained; tense 3. a. kept in trim shape; neat and tidy

b. marked by the efficient, sparing, and concise use of something, such as language or detail

slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength dilute 묽게 하다

taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE) purlieu [pə :rlju:] 변두리, 교외, 빈민가; 자주 가는 장소

loosen, slacken, floppy ↔ tauten taut ↔ slack, lax, loose, unfirm, negligent, floppy

tawdry [tɔ ːdri] a. 화려하고 싸구려 같은 : gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance

tawdry : garment :: grandiloquence : language garment 의류 한점 an article of clothing

tawdriness ↔ sophistication, nicety tawdry ↔ elegant, refined, exquisite exquisite 아름다운, 훌륭한; 완벽한; 우아한, 세련된

taxing [tǽksiŋ] a. 부담스러운, 성가신 : ONEROUS, WEARING : burdensome; wearing onerous troublesome or oppressive;

burdensome taxing ↔ light, easy

taxonomy [tæksánəmi|-sɔ n-] n. 분류학/법 1. the classification of organisms in an ordered system that

indicates natural relationships 2. the science, laws, or principles of classification;

systematics 3. division into ordered groups or categories

taxonomist : classify :: carpenter : build

tear [tɛəːr] v. 찢다, 뜯어내다 1. to pull apart or into pieces by force; rend 2. to make (an opening) by ripping 3. to lacerate (the skin, for example) 4. to separate forcefully; wrench 5. to divide or disrupt

tear ↔ tether, yoke, attach, fix, clinch, bolt tether [téðər] (밧줄로) 매다; 속박하다 to fasten or restrict with or as

if with a tether

tease [tiːz] v.t. 괴롭히다, 귀찮게 조르다 : to annoy or make fun of someone persistently

tease : tantalize :: tantalize 감질나게 하여 괴롭히다

tedious [tíːdiəs] a. 지루한, 진부한 : BORING : tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness

tedious : energy :: disturbing : composure (A lack B) discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious tedious ↔ entertaining, absorbing, stimulating, interesting tedium ↔ excitement

teem [tiːm] v. 풍부하다 : to be full of things; abound or swarm

teem ↔ be short, be scarce, lacking, want, need

teeter [tíːtəːr] v. 망설이다, 동요하다, 시소 타다 : WOBBLE 1. to walk or move unsteadily or unsurely; totter 2. to alternate, as between opposing attitudes or positions;

vacillate 3. to seesaw

wobble 비틀거리다, 건들거리다; 동요하다 totter 비척거리다; 흔들리다, 위기에 놓이다

teeter ↔ stabilize

teetotaler : one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages

* teetotalism n. teetotalism ↔ intemperance

telling [téliŋ] a. 효과적인 : EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE : having force and producing a striking effect

telling ↔ not effective, unconvincing, impotent, ineffective, meaningless

temerity [təmérəti] n. 무모, 만용 : RASHNESS : foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness

alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE) temerity : diffidence :: (OPPOSITE) fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid temerity ↔ circumspection, cautious approach, pusillanimity, timidity, caution, prudence pusillanimity 겁 많은, 소심한, 우유부단 pusillanimous; lacking courage; cowardly

temperate [témp-ərit] a. 절제하는, 삼가는; (기후 등이) 온화한 1. exercising moderation and self-restraint 2. moderate in degree or quality; restrained 3. characterized by moderate temperatures, weather, or

climate; neither hot nor cold

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* temperance 중용, 절도, 자제, 절제, 금주(sobriety) * temper v. 부드럽게 하다, 누그러뜨리다, 진정시키다

wantonness ↔ temperance frivolousness ↔ temperance, grandeur temperance ↔ luxury, profligacy, indulgence, debauchery, wantonness, impatience, excess

objectivity : partisan :: temperance : reprobate reprobate 불량배, 타락한, 책망하다 teetotalism ↔ intemperance temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist tenacious 집착하는; 고집 센

harangue ↔ speak temperately harangue 열변을 토하다

temperate ↔ dissolute, immodest, extreme, frivolous, immoderate temper ↔ aggravate

tempestuous [tempéstʃuəs] a. 비바람이 거센; 격렬한, 흉포한 1. of, relating to, or resembling a tempest 2. tumultuous; stormy

tempestuous ↔ serene

temporize [témpəràiz] v. 우물쭈물하다, 결단을 내리지 않다; 시세에 따르다

1. to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument, or postpone a decision

2. to engage in discussions or negotiations, especially os as to achieve a compromise or gain time

3. to yield to current circumstances or necessities; act to suit the time

temporizing ↔ unwilling to compromise

tenable [ténəb-əl] a. 방어/지지할 수 있는 : DEFENSIBLE, REASONABLE

1. capable of being maintained in argument; rationally defensible

2. capable of being held against assault; defensible ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend ineluctable 피할 수 없는, 불가피한 not to be avoided or escaped;

inevitable tenable ↔ unjustified, unjustifiable, unsound, indefensible, unsupportable, specious, fallacious, fallible, undefended fallacious 현혹시키는, 허위의 fallible 잘못을 저지르기 쉬운 capable of making an error; tending

or likely to be erroneous

tenacious [tənéiʃəs] a. 몹시 집착하는, 고집 센 1. holding or tending to hold persistently to something,

such as a point of view 2. holding together firmly; cohesive 3. clinging to another object or surface; adhesive 4. tending to retain; retentive

* tenacity n. beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry insouciant 무관심한 marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant

tenacious ↔ irresolute, negotiable, tractable, yielding tenacity ↔ vacillation, indifference, slackness, self-doubt

tendentious, tendencious [tendénʃəs] a. 특정 입장을 옹호하

는 경향이 있는, 선전적인 : BIASED : marked by a strong implicit point of view; partisan

tendentious : objective :: (OPPOSITE) tendentious ↔ unbiased, unprejudiced, disinterested, objective tendency ↔ loathing

tender [tendə:r] a. 부드러운 v. 제출/제공하다; 접하다 : to offer formally 형. 1. a. easily crushed or bruised; fragile

b. easily chewed or cut 2. young and vulnerable 3. frail; delicate 4. sensitive to frost or severe cold; not hardy 5. a. easily hurt; sensitive b. painful; sore 6. a. considerate and protective; solicitous

b. characterized by or expressing gentle emotions; loving c. given to sympathy or sentimentality; soft

tender ↔ hard-bitten, hardy, insensitive hard-bitten 완고한, 단단히 단련된 tender ↔ resist, retain, retract, withdraw, withhold, disengage, withhold with consideration

tendinous [téndənəs] a. 힘줄의 : SINEWY tendinous : sinewy :: (EQUAL) sinewy [sínjui] 힘줄의, 건장한; 힘찬, 활발한 strong and vigorous

tentative [téntətiv] a. 일시적인; 머뭇거리는, 자신 없는 HESITANT, UNCERTAIN

1. not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional 2. uncertain; hesitant

pontificate ↔ speak tentatively

tenuous [ténjuəs] adj. 희박한/미미한 : thin, slender, rare, rarefied, meager, flimsy

: If you describe something such as a connection, a reason, or someone's position as tenuous, you mean that it is very uncertain or weak.

tenuous ↔ substantial

tepid [tépid] a. 열의 없는, 뜨뜻미지근한 : LUKEWARM 1. moderately warm; lukewarm 2. lacking in emotional warmth or enthusiasm; halfhearted

lukewarm 미지근한; 무관심한, 개의치 않는 tepid ↔ fevered, ardent, feverish, ebullient tepidity ↔ ardor

terminology [tə ːrmənɑ lədʒi / -nɔ l-] n. 전문용어 1. the vocabulary of technical terms used in a particular field,

subject, science, or art; nomenclature 2. the study of nomenclature

nomenclature 명명법, 학명; 전문어 terminology : language :: uniform : clothing (A ∈ B) (physiology : body는 오답)

terminus [tə ːrmənəs] n. 말단, 종단; 종착역, 종점; 경계, 한계 : TERMINAL 1. the final point; the end 2. an end point on a transportation line or the town in which

it is located 3. a. a boundary or border

b. a stone or post marking a border inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE) inception 시초, 개시; 학위 수여식 matriculation ( 학의) 입학 허가

terminus : stop :: epilogue : story outset ↔ termination sustain ↔ terminate

terror [térəːr] n. 소름 끼치는 공포 1. intense, overpowering fear 2. one that instills intense fear 3. the ability to instill intense fear 4. violence committed or threatened by a group to intimidate

or coerce a population, as for military or political purposes apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B) terror : fear :: craving : desire (A >> B)

terse [təːrs] a. 간결한 : brief and to the point; effectively concise

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terseness : voluble :: transitory : permanence abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (OPPOSITE) abandon 방종, 탐닉, 자유분방함

terse ↔ lengthy, prolix, wordy, verbose, windy

testator [tésteitəːr, ---] n. 유언자 : one who has made a legally valid will before death

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator heirloom [ɛ ərlù:m] 세습 재산

testify [téstəfai] v. 증언/증명하다; 선서 증언을 하다(declare on oath)

1. to make a declaration of truth or fact under oath; submit testimony

2. to express or declare a strong belief, especially to make a declaration of faith

3. to make a statement based on personal knowledge in support of an asserted fact; bear witness

4. to serve as evidence testified ↔ unjustified

testimonial [tèstəmóuniəl] n. 증명서; 감사장 1. a statement in support of a particular truth, fact, or claim 2. a written affirmation of another's character or worth; a

personal recommendation 3. something given in appreciation of a persons's service or

achievement; a tribute testimonial : appreciation :: confession : culpability (A express B) culpable; deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil,

improper, or injurious

testimony [téstəmòuni / -məni] n. 증언, 증거 1. a. a declaration by a witness under oath, as that given

before a court or deliberative body b. all such declarations, spoken or written, offered in a legal case or deliberative hearing

2. evidence in support of a fact or an assertion; proof a public declaration regarding a religious expression

calumny : assertion, representation :: perjury : testimony (OPPOSITE) calumny 명예 훼손, 중상, 비방 perjury 위증(죄); 허위

testy [tésti] a. 성 잘 내는, 성깔 있는 : IRRITABLE : irritated, impatient, or exasperated; peevish

testy : annoy :: tractable : control, teach testy ↔ good-humored, humorous, unable to irritate, affable, imperturbable, amiable, pleasant, easygoing

testiness ↔ imperturbability, patience

tether [téðəːr] n. 밧줄, 사슬; 한계, 범위 v. 묶어두다, 속박하다 1. a rope or chain for holding an animal in place, allowing it

a short radius in which to move about 2. the extent or limit of one's resources, abilities, or

endurance to fasten or restrict with or as if with a tether tether ↔ detach, loose, tear

theatric, theatrical [θiǽtrik-əl] a. 연극의; 부자연스러운, 거짓

의; 과장된 n. (특히 비전문적 극단의) 연극 공연 1. of, relating to, or suitable for dramatic performance or

the theater 2. marked by exaggerated self-display and unnatural

behavior; affectedly dramatic theatrical ↔ natural, cherubic, sober, restrained, professional, understated sober 술 취하지 않은; 착실한, 침착한; 수수한, 소박한; 과장되지

않은, 그 로의 theatricals ↔ professional

theology [θiːɑ lədʒi / -ɔ l-] n. 신학

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary 신학교

therapeutic [θèrəpjúːtik] a. 치료의 : having or exhibiting healing powers

therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school therapeutic : injure :: therapeutic, harmless, healing, adventageous, beneficial, benign ↔ injurious

thorny [θɔ ːrni] a. 가시밭길의; 괴롭히는, 어려운 1. full of or covered with thorns 2. spiny 3. painfully controversial; vexatious

thorny : difficult :: equivocal : ambiguous thorny ↔ smooth, refined, unproblematical

thoroughgoing [θə ro:ug`ouiŋ] a. 철저한; 전적인, 완전한

(complete, unqualified) 1. very thorough; complete 2. unmitigated; unqualified

thoroughgoing ↔ cursory, imcomplete, partial, shallow, slipshod, superficial, unthorough, careless

thralldom [θrɔːldəm] n. 속박 : a state of servitude or submission : a state of complete absorption

thralldom ↔ independence

threadbare [θrédbɛ əːr] a. 낡은, 닳아빠진; 진부한, 케케묵은 1. having the nap worn down so that the filling or warp

thread show through; frayed or shabby 2. wearing old, shabby clothing 3. overused to the point of being worn out; hackneyed

shabby 초라한, 누더기를 걸친; 닳아 해진; 추레한; 비열한, 인색한 threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness

thrive [θraiv] vi. 번영하다 : FLOURISH 1. to make steady progress; prosper 2. to grow vigorously; flourish

grow : thrive :: move : bustle languish, fail, languor ↔ thrive languish 시들다, 쇠약해지다 languor 쇠약; 무기력, 권태

wizened ↔ thriving wizen [wízən] 시들다 to dry up; wither or shrivel shrivel 주름지다, 주어들다, 시들다

throng [θrɔ(ː)ŋ, θrɑŋ] vi. 떼 지어 모여들다;쇄도하다; 북적거리

게 하다, 채우다 n. 1. a large group of people gathered or crowded closely

together; a multitude 2. a large group of things; a host

protract : length :: throng : number throng : denseness ::

thunderous [θʌ ndərəs] adj. 우레를 일으키는, 우레 같은 thunderous : noisy :: thunderous : sound :: brilliant : light thunderous ↔ settled, moderate, faint, weak (pleasant는 오답)

thwart [θwɔːrt] v. 훼방 놓다, 방해하다 1. to prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of 2. to oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of

oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (EQUAL) thwart, impede ↔ abet, support, aid (effectively), enable, foster, bolster, foment, facilitate, stir up, assist, implement

ticklish [tíkliʃ] a. 간지러운, 간지러움을 잘 타는; (문제, 사람 등이) 까다로운; 신경질적인

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1. sensitive to tickling 2. easily offended or upset; touchy 3. requiring skillful or tactful handling; delicate

pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish ↔ imperturbable, impervious, calm

tidy [táidi] a. 정돈된, 말쑥한 : orderly and neat in appearance or procedure

sloven ↔ tidy sloven 단정치 못한 사람 one who is habitually careless in personal

appearance or work

tiff [tif] n. 가벼운 입씨름, 승강이; 언짢음, 역정 : SPAT 1. a fit of irritation 2. a petty quarrel

tiff : squabble :: foible : failing (A << B) squabble 쓸데없는 말다툼을 하다 foible 사소한 약점, 결점; 칼의 약한 부분

offense, crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff

tightfisted [táitfístid] a. 인색한 close-fisted; stingy tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL) brat (경멸적) 꼬마 a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one mischievous 해를 끼치는; 장난기 어린; 짓궂은, 말썽을 부리는

timeless [táimlis] a. 영원(무한)한, 시 를 초월한 timeless : dated :: pristine : sullied (OPPOSITE) timeless ↔ transitory timeless ↔ dated

timeworn [táimwɔ ːrn] a. 오래된, 진부한 : HACKNEYED 1. showing the effects of long use or wear 2. used too often; trite

threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness :: convoluted : simplicity

timeworn ↔ novel

timid [tímid] a. 소심한, 내성적인 1. lacking self-confidence; shy 2. fearful and hesitant * timidity

self-confident : timid :: open : shy (OPPOSITE) timidity : dauntless :: taciturnity : talkative (A에는 B가 없는) timidity : dauntless : garrulity : taciturn timid ↔ stalwart, dauntless, fearless, valiant, brash, swaggering, unabashed

timorous [tím-ərəs] a. 겁 많은, 소심한 : FEARFUL : full of apprehensiveness; timid

timorous : intrepidity :: (OPPOSITE) timorous : confrontation :: timorous ↔ intrepid, scrappy, stalwart, unflinching, valiant, brash, swaggering, unabashed intrepid 두려움을 모르는, 담한 resolutely courageous; fearless scrappy 싸우기 좋아하는, 공격적인 stalwart 건장한, 튼튼한; 굳센, 확고한 unflinching 끄떡 않는, 단호한(steadfast, resolute) showing neither

fear nor indecision; resolute

tincture [tíŋk ər] n. 팅크제 ; 기미 (흔적); 엷은 색 v. 엷게 착색

하다, 염색하다 tincture : stain :: caustic : burn

tine [tain] n. (포크 등의) 날카로운 갈래 tine : fork :: tooth : saw

tinge [tindʒ] v.t. 엷은 색조를 띠다; 기미를 풍기다 : TINT 1. to apply a trace of color to; tint 2. to affect slightly, as with a contrasting quality

tinged ↔ colorless tinge ↔ bleach, blanch, discolor

tinker [tíŋkəːr] v. 땜질하다; 어설프게 고치다 : to make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair; fiddle

tinker : adjust :: scribble : write

tint [tint] n. 엷은 빛깔 v. 엷은 빛깔을 내다, 엷은 빛깔이 나다 1. a shade of a color, especially a pale or delicate variation 2. a gradation of a color made by adding white to it to lessen

its saturation 3. a slight coloration; a tinge 4. a barely detectable amount or degree; a trace

tint : suffuse :: amble : wander (A << B) suffuse 뒤덮다, 가득차게 하다 to spread through or over, as with

liquid, color, or light

tirade [táireid, tiréid] n. 장광설 : a long angry or violent speech, usually of a censorious or

denunciatory nature; a diatribe anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole :: burlesque : mockery tirade ↔ dispassionate speech

tireless 지칠 줄 모르는, 한결 같은 tireless : fatigue (B에는 A가 없는) :: naïve : guile

titanic [titǽnik] adj. 거 (강력)한 titanic ↔ puny

tizzy [tízi] n. 흥분한(이성을 잃은) 상태

toady [tóudi] n. 아첨꾼 : SYCOPHANT : a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving

reasons recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady : flatter :: (EQUAL)

toil [t il] n. 노력, 수고 v. ~에 힘써 일하다, ~을 꾸준히(열심히) 하다 toil ↔ laze

token [tóuk-ən] n. 용 화폐 1. something serving as an indication, a proof , or an

expression of something else; a sign 2. something that signifies or evidences authority, validity, or

identity 3. a distinguishing feature or characteristic 4. one that represents a group, as an employee whose

presence is used to deflect from the employer criticism or accusations of discrimination

5. a keepsake or souvenir 6. a piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for currency

token : exchange :: clamp : compression (A는 B의 기능을 하는 도구)

tolerant [tálərənt|tɔ l-] a. 관 한, 아량 있는; (약에) 내성이 있는 1. inclined to tolerate the beliefs, practices, or traits of

others; forbearing 2. able to withstand or endure an adverse environmental

condition bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency inure 익숙케 하다; 단련하다

posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant bigoted : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (OPPOSITE) tolerant ↔ stringent, rigorous, demanding

tong [tɔ(ː)ŋ, tɑ ŋ] v. 집게를 쓰다 : to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs

tong : seize :: tongs : grasping :: reel : winding

tongue-tied [tʌ ŋtaid] adj. (사람이) (수치, 당황, 놀람으로) 입이 안

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떨어지는 tongue-tied ↔ articulate

tonic [tɑ nik] n. 강장제 : REFRESHING 1. an agent, such as a medication, that restores or

increases body tone 2. an invigorating, refreshing, or restorative agent or

influence conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate, stimulate :: analgesic : deaden

tonic ↔ enfeebling, draining, debilitating

tonsorial [tɑnsɔ ːriəl / tɔn-] a. 이발(사)의 : of or relating to barbering or a barber

tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

toot [tuːt] v. 뚜우 울리다 : to sound a short blast : to sound a note or call suggesting the short blast of a

wind instrument toot : blast :: ?????? (<<)

toothsome [tú:　sem] adj. (음식이) 맛있는, (사물이) 괜찮은, 바람직

한, 성적 매력이 있는 1. delicious; luscious: a toothsome pie. 2. pleasant; attractive: a toothsome offer. 3. sexually attractive or exciting

toothsome ↔ uncomely

topsoil [tuːt] 표토, 표면 : the upper part of the soil

topsoil : erode :: paint : peel (A가 B되다)

topple [tɑ p-əl / tɔ p-əl] v. 쓰러지다, 몰락시키다 : to fall from or as if from being top-heavy

topple : stable :: topple ↔ build, place, withstand, rise

topsy-turvy [tɑ psitə ːrvi / tɔ p-] a. 거꾸로의,뒤죽박죽의,혼란한, 엉망이 된 1. with the top downward and the bottom up; upside-down 2. in a state of utter disorder or confusion

topsy-turvy ↔ tranquil

tornado [t :rnéidou] n. 토네이도, 선풍; 격발, 폭발 tornado : air :: whirlpool : water

torpid [tɔ ːrpid] a. 둔한, 활발치 못한 1. deprived of the power of motion or feeling; benumbed 2. dormant; hibernating 3. lethargic; apathetic

torpid ↔ vivacious, responsive, arduous, ardent, ebullient, animated ebullient 열광적인; 끓어오르는 animated 생기발랄한, 기운찬

torpor [tɔ ːrpəːr] n. 무기력, 무감각; 휴면 상태 1. a state or mental or physical inactivity or insensibility 2. lethargy; apathy 3. the dormant, inactive state of a hibernating or estivating

animal sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve torpor : iciness :: iciness 차가움; 쌀쌀한 태도, 냉담함

torpor ↔ zeal, animation, alert, ardor, ebullience, extreme excitability, vigilance, vivacity

torque [to:rk] n. 비틀림 모멘트; 회전력 1. the moment of a force; the measure of a force's tendency

to produce torsion and rotation about an axis, equal to the vector product of the radius vector from the axis of

rotation to the point of application of the force 2. a turning or twisting force

torque : rotation :: tension : elongation

torrential [tɔːrénʃ-əl] a. 억수 같은, 격렬한 1. resembling, flowing in, or forming torrents 2. resulting from the action of fast-flowing streams 3. flowing or surging abundantly; wild

torrential ↔ trickling trickle 조금씩 흐르다, 방울로 흐르다; 삼삼오오 오가다

torrid [tɔ ːrid, tɑ r- / tɔ r-] a. 타는 듯한, 작열하는; 열렬한 : ARDENT 1. parched with the heat of the sun; intensely hot 2. scorching; burning 3. passionate; ardent 4. hurried; rapid

torrid ↔ arctic, icy, frigid, tepid torridness ↔ frigidity

tortuous [tɔ ːrtʃuəs] a. 구불구불한; 솔직하지 못한, 에두르는 : TRICKY, CIRCUITOUS

1. having or marked by repeated turns or bends; winding or twisting

2. not straightforward; circuitous; devious 3. highly involved; complex

tortuous ↔ direct, straightforward, forthright (benevolent는 오답)

totter [tɑ tər|tɔ t-] v. 비척거리다; 흔들리다, 위기에 놓이다 1. a. to sway as if about to fall b. to appear about to collapse 2. to walk unsteadily or feebly; stagger

touchy [tʌ t∫i] a. 성마른; 과민한; 다루기 힘든 1. tending to take offense with slight cause; oversensitive 2. requiring special tact or skill in handling; delicate 3. highly sensitive to touch 4. easily ignited; flammable

quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B)

tourniquet [túəːrnikit] n. 지혈 도구 tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion :: dam : flooding :: moratorium : activity

tout [taut] v. 성가시게 조르다; 열렬히 선전/칭찬하다 1. to solicit or importune 2. to obtain or sell information on (a racehorse or stable) for

the guidance of bettors 3. to promote or praise energetically; publicize

tout ↔ deprecate, denounce, cast aspersions on, criticize, impugn, oppose aspersion 비방, 중상

toxin [tɑ ksin / tɔ k-] n. 독소 toxin ↔ innocuous substance toxic ↔ beneficial

toward [təwɔ :rd] a. 바야흐로 일어나려는; 안성맞춤인, 유망한 (promising)

1. favoring success or a good outcome; propitious 2. happening soon; imminent

toward ↔ obdurate

toy [toi] v.만지작거리다, 가지고 놀다,집적거리다;장난삼아 연애하다 1. to amuse oneself idly; trifle 2. to treat something casually or without seriousness

toy ↔ think over seriously

trace [treis] n. 자취/흔적, 소량 : a mark or line left by something that has passed;

FOOTPRINT : a minute and often barely detectable amount or indication

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trace : amount :: sliver : piece sliver n. 가늘고 긴 조각 v. 가늘고 길게 쪼개(지)다

tractable [trǽktəb-əl] a. 다루기 쉬운, 유순한; (금속이) 세공하

기 좋은 : DOCILE 1. easily managed or controlled; governable 2. easily handled or worked; malleable

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE) complaisance 정중함; 공손, 친절

tractable : manage :: squeamish : disgust (A인 사람’을’ B한다) squeamish (꼴사납게) 점잔빼는, 메스꺼운 tractable : manage :: touchy : offend subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead testy : annoy :: tractable : control testy 화를 잘 내는, 성미가 급한 irritated, impatient, or

exasperated; peevish tractable : control :: credulous : cozen cozen 속여 빼앗다, 환심을 사서 자기 것으로 만들다

tame : tractable :: tractable ↔ balky, pertinacious, incorrigible, insubordinate, obstinate, intransigent, headstrong, obdurate, willful, unruly, inflexible, uncooperative balky 고집 센, 말을 안 듣는 pertinacious 고수하는, 끈질긴, 집요한 intransigent 타협하지 않는, 완고한 willful 고집센, 옹고집의

tractability ↔ incorrigibility pliant ↔ intransigent, intractable

trademark [tréidm :rk] n. 상표, 상표권 v.t. 상표를 붙이다, 상표

를 등록하다 trademark : manufacturer :: seal : signatory

traduce [trədjúːs] v. 비방하다 1 : to expose to shame or blame by means of falsehood and

misrepresentation 2 : VIOLATE, BETRAY synonyms see MALIGN

traduce ↔ extol

trail [treil] v. (사람, 짐승 등의) 발자국을 따라가다, ~을 추적하다; 질질 끌다, ~의 뒤를 따라가다

trail ↔ lead

train [trein] v. 훈련시키다; 향하게 하다 1. to coach in or accustom to a mode of behavior or

performances 2. to make proficient with specialized instruction and

practice 3. to prepare physically, as with a regimen 4. to cause (a plant or one's hair) to take a desired course

or shape, as by manipulating 5. to focus on or aim at (a goal, mark, or target); direct

trait [treit] n. 특성, 특징; 일필(一筆), 붓글씨 솜씨; 기운, 기미 : PECULIARITY 1. a distinguishing feature, as of a person's character 2. a stroke with or as if with a pencil b. a slight degree or

amount, as of a quality; a touch or trace

trammel [trǽməl] v. ~의 자유로운 운동을 방해(속박)하다 trammel = entrammel

untrammeled 족쇄를 채우지 않은, 속박되지 않은

trance [træns|trɑ:ns] n. 황홀, 열중; 혼수상태, 인사불성 1. a hypnotic(최면의), cataleptic, or ecstatic state 2. detachment from one's physical surroundings, as in

contemplation or daydreaming 3. a semiconscious state, as between sleeping and waking;

a daze

tranquility [træŋkwíləti] n. 고요, 평안, 냉정 serenity tranquility : agitation :: abandon : inhibition tranquility ↔ ferment, pandemonium ferment 효모, 효소; 불안, 흥분

transcend [trænsénd] v.t. 넘어서다, 초월하다 : OVERCOME 1. to pass beyond the limits of 2. to be greater than, as in intensity or power; surpass 3. to exist above and independent of (material experience or

the universe) ossify ↔ transcend conventions

transfigure [trænsfígjəːr, -fígəːr] v.t. 외형을 바꾸다 1. to alter the outward appearance of; transform 2. to exalt or glorify

transfer : location :: transfigure : aspect (“B(대상) 자체를 변형하면서 A한다)

(transcend : limit은 오답! “C라는 다른 것”이 B(limit)을 A(transcend: to pass beyond the limits of)하는 것)

transfigure : appearance, aspect :: transfer : location

transgress [trænsgrés] v.t. (한도를) 넘다; 어기다, 위반하다 : VIOLATE

1. to go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep

2. to act in violation of (the law, for example) rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse rectitude 공정, 정직; 똑바름

transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety trespass : boundary :: stray : path :: transgress : rules transgress ↔ obey

transient [trǽnʃənt, -ʒənt, -ziənt] a. 덧없는, 일시의 : TRANSITORY

1. passing with time; transitory 2. remaining in a place only a brief time

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL, 형 : 명) opportune 적절한, 적당한; 시기적절한

convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient : evanescence (EQUAL)

transient : vanish :: constant : perpetuate (EQUAL, 형 : 동) transience ↔ permanence, persistence transient ↔ lasting, protracted, perpetual, rooted, eternal, permanent, persistent, enduring, perennial protract; to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong

transition [trænzí∫ən] n. 변화, 변천 1. passage from one form, state, style, or place to another 2. a. passage from one subject to another in discourse

b. a word, phrase, sentence, or series of sentences connecting one part of a discourse to another

transition ↔ persistence, durability, perpetuity

transitory [trǽnsətɔ ːri, -zə- / -t-əri] a. 일시적인 : existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or

temporary transitory : endure :: immutable : change achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence transitory ↔ durable, enduring, permanent, perpetual, persistent, protracted

transitoriness ↔ duration, durability, endurance, permanence, perpetuation, perpetuity, persistence

protract; v. 연장하다, 오래 끌게 하다, 연기하다

translucent [trænslúːs-ənt] a. 반투명의; 알기 쉬운, 명쾌한 : CLEAR, LUCID, TRANSPARENT

1. transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to prevent perception of distinct images

2. clear; lucid

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slack : tension :: opaque : translucence translucent ↔ opaque, impervious of light, transparent translucence ↔ opacity

transparent [trænspɛ -ərənt] a. 투명한, 알기 쉬운 1. capable of transmitting light so that objects or images

can be seen as if there were no intervening material 2. permeable to electromagnetic radiation of specified

frequencies, as to visible light or radio waves 3. so fine in texture that it can be seen through; sheer 4. a. easily seen through or detected; obvious b. free from

guile; candid or open transparent : understand :: conspicuous : see conspicuous 눈에 잘 띄는, 이목을 끄는

manifest, lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand opacity ↔ transparency transparent ↔ deceitful, delusive, opaque

transpire [trænspáiə:r] v. 증발하다; (일이) 드러나다, 밝혀지다; (비 이) 새다 vi. 1. to become known; come to light 2. to come about; happen or occur 3. to give off vapor containing waste products, as through

animal or plant pores transpire ↔ dampen, moisturize

travail [trəvéil, trǽveil] n. 수고, 노고; 고통, 고민 1. work, especially when arduous or involving painful

effort; toil 2. tribulation or agony; anguish 3. the labor of childbirth

travail ↔ frolic, laze, loaf, dawdle frolic 유쾌한 소동, 까불어댐

traverse [trǽvəːrs, trəvə ːrs] v.t. 가로지르다 : to travel or pass across, over, or through

diverge : apart :: traverse : across (CHARACTER)

travesty [trǽvəsti] n. 희작, 서투른 흉내 1. an exaggerated or grotesque imitation, such as a parody

of a literary work 2. a debased or grotesque likeness

travesty ↔ paragon

treacherous [trétʃ-ərəs] a. 불성실한, 배신하는; 믿을 수 없는 : PERFIDIOUS

1. marked by betrayal of fidelity, confidence, or trust; perfidious

2. not to be relied on; not dependable or trustworthy 3. marked by unforeseen hazards; dangerous or deceptive

treacherousness ↔ faithfulness

treasure [tréʒər] n. 부, 재산, 보배, 귀중품 v. ~을 소중하게 간수하

다, 귀중하게 여기다, 저축하다 n. 1.accumulated or stored wealth in the form of money,

jewels, or other valuables 2. valuable or precious possessions of any kind 3. one considered especially precious or valuable v. 1. to keep or regard as precious; value highly; appreciate 2. to accumulate and store away, as for future use

treasure ↔ dross treasure ↔ disparage, dislike, loathe, disregard

treasurer [tréʒ-ərəːr] n. 회계원 : one who has charge of funds or revenues

treasurer : funds :: secretary : records

treaty [tríːti] n. 조약; 계약, 약정 1. a. a formal agreement between two or more states, as in

reference to terms of peace or trade

b. the document in which such an agreement is set down 2. a contract or an agreement

rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis rectify 개정하다, 수정하다 1. to set right; correct 2. to correct by calculation or adjustment

tremendous [triméndəs] a. 거 한; 무서운 1. extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous 2. capable of making one tremble; terrible

tremulous [trémjələs] a. 전전긍긍하는, 와들와들 떠는, 무서워하는 1. marked by trembling, quivering, or shaking 2. timid or fearful; timorous

tremulous ↔ bold

trenchant [tréntʃ-ənt] a. 신랄한, 명확한 1. keen; incisive 2. forceful, effective, and vigorous 3. caustic; cutting 4. distinct; clear-cut

trenchant : insipid :: (OPPOSITE) trenchant ↔ vague, dull, ambiguous, insipid

trendsetter [tréndsètəːr] n. 새 유행을 정착시키는 사람 : one that initiates or popularizes a trend

trepidation [trèpədéiʃ-ən] n. 전율, 공포; 당황, 혼란, 동요 : APPREHENSION

1. a state of alarm or dread; apprehension 2. an involuntary trembling or quivering

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility laconic 간결한; 말이 적은, 무뚝뚝한 using or marked by the use of

few words; terse or concise dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment footloose 아무 곳이나 갈 수 있는, 자유로운

trepidation ↔ aplomb, soberness aplomb 침착, 냉정; 안정 self-confident assurance; poise sober 술 취하지 않은; 착실한; 건전한, 온건한; 수수한, 소박한

dauntless ↔ trepid trepid; timid, timorous

trespass [tréspəs, -pæ s] vi. 불법 침입하다, 위반하다 1. to commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err 2. (law) to commit an unlawful injury to the person, property,

or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully

3. to infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another infringe 어기다, 범하다; 침해하다 to transgress or exceed the limits

of; violate usurp : take :: trespass : enter trespass : boundary :: transgress : rule trespass ↔ obey, undo undo (롱맨) 1. to unfasten something that is tied or wrapped 2. to try to remove the bad effects of something you have done

trial [trái-əl] n. 재판 trial : courthouse :: experiment : laboratory : commerce : emporium :: game : stadium

tribute [tríbjuːt] n. 찬사, 칭찬; 공물, 조세 : ENCOMIUM tribute : praise :: (A=B) tribute ↔ reprobation, denunciation reprobate to disapprove of; condemn

trickle [trík-əl] n. 조금씩 떨어지다; 삼삼오오 오가다 1. to flow or fall in drops or in a thin stream 2. to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit

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blast : whiff :: gush : trickle trickle : gush :: warm : sear sear 표면을 태우다, 그을리다; 무감각하게 하다, 마비시키다

trite [trait] a. 진부한, 낡아빠진 : lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or

repetition trite ↔ unbanal, unhackneyed, fresh, original, novel

trim [trim] adj. 말쑥한 : exhibiting neatness, good order, or compactness of line or

structure trim ↔ messy

trinket [tríŋkit] n. 작은 장신구 : a small ornament (as a jewel or ring)

gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry

trivial [tríviəl] a. 하찮은, 사소한; 흔해빠진 : of little significance or value; ordinary or commonplace

trivial ↔ massive, substantive, grandiose, indispensable trivial matters ↔ important characteristic, main point

trophy [tróufi] n. 트로피 trophy : contestant :: honors : student athlete : trophy :: soldier : medal

troupe [truːp] n. 극단 일행, 일단(一團) : a company or group, especially of touring actors, singers,

or dancers troupe : perform :: chorus : sing orchestra : music :: troupe : drama

truant [trúːənt] n. 꾀부려 쉬는 학생, 태만한 사람 1. one who is absent without permission, especially from

school 2. one who shirks work or duty

truant : dutiful :: (OPPOSITE) truant ↔ dutiful

truce [truːs] n. 전투 중지, 휴전, 정전 1. a temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities by

agreement of the opposing sides; an armistice 2. a respite from a disagreeable state of affairs

truce ↔ resumed fighting

truculent [trʌ kjələnt] a. 잔혹한, 호전적인; 통렬한, 가차 없는 : CRUEL, SAVAGE

1. disposed to fight; pugnacious 2. expressing bitter opposition; scathing 3. disposed to or exhibiting violence or destructiveness;

fierce pugnacious 싸우기 좋아하는 combative in nature; belligerent

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE) unregenerate 갱생하지 않는 unrepentant

truculent ↔ gentle, pacific, placid, genial, meek, peaceful, cooperative, amiable, nice, civilized, agreeable, obedient, submissive, pliant

truculence ↔ kindness, benevolence, tranquility

trudge [trʌdʒ] v.t. 터벅터벅 걷다 : to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod

lug : carry :: trudge : walk lug 질질 끌어서 나르다 to pull something with difficulty

cavort ↔ trudge cavort (말이) 뛰어다니다; 흥청거리다 caper 뛰돌아 다니다, 깡충거리다 romp 떠들며 뛰어놀기; 장난꾸러기

truism [trúːiz-əm] n. 자명한 이치, 뻔한 일

: a self-evident truth truism ↔ unusual observation, complex explanation/method

trumpery [trʌ mpəri] n. 무의미한 말, 허튼 소리; 협잡, 야바위 adj. 겉만 번드러한

1. Showy but worthless finery; bric-a-brac. 2. Nonsense; rubbish. 3. Deception; trickery; fraud.

trumpery ↔ honesty

trumpet [trʌ mpit] n. 트럼펫 trumpet : horn :: tambourine : drum

truncate [trʌ ŋkeit] v. 자르다, 줄이다 1. to shorten by or as if by cutting off 2. to shorten (a number) by dropping one or more digits after

the decimal point 3. to replace (the edge of a crystal) with a plane face

truncate : extent :: simplify : complexity truncate : length :: abridge : duration :: constrict : diameter prolong ↔ truncate

truss [trʌs] n. 트러스 : a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars,

designed to support a structure, such as a roof truss : support :: ballast : stability

tubby [tʌ bi] a. 뚱뚱한; 둔탁한 소리가 나는 1. short and fat 2. having a dull sound; lacking resonance

tugboat [tʌ gbout] n. 예인선 : a small powerful boat designed for towing or pushing larger

vessels locomotive : flatcar :: tugboat : barge locomotive 기관차 flatcar 무개무측 화차 [지붕과 벽이 없는 화차]

tumult [tjúːmʌlt, -məlt] n. 소란; 폭동, 반란; 흥분, 동요 : COMMOTION

1. the din and commotion of a great crowd 2. a. a disorderly commotion or disturbance b. a tempestuous

uprising; a riot 3. agitation of the mind or emotions * tumultuous adj.

tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive bedlam 소란스러운 곳; 소동, 혼란 a place or situation of noisy

uproar and confusion hive 벌집 (비슷한 것); 바쁜 왕래가 있는 장소

calm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE) tumult ↔ placation, placidity, quietude, quiescence, tranquility, serenity tumultuous ↔ serene, tranquil, peaceful

turbid [tə ːrbid] a. 흐린, 탁한; (연기가) 짙은, 자욱한; 혼란스러운, 갈팡질팡하는 : FOUL, MUDDY

1. having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy

2. heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog 3. in a state of turmoil; muddled

turbulent [tə ːrbjələnt] a. 소란스러운, 사나운 1. violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous 2. having a chaotic or restless character or tendency 3. causing unrest or disturbance; unruly

turbulent : bedlam :: maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom 큰 소용돌이; 혼란, 격동

turbulence ↔ serenity

turgid [tə ːrdʒid] a. 부푼, 팽창한; 과장된 : BOMBASTIC,

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POMPOUS 1. excessively ornate or complex in style or language;

grandiloquent 2. swollen or distended, as from a fluid; bloated

turgid ↔ simple

turmoil [tə ːrmɔil] n. 소란 : a state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or

tumult turmoil ↔ tranquility

turncoat [tə ːrnkòut] n. 변절자 : TRAITOR : one who traitorously switches allegiance

bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: recluse : companion :: simpleton : sagacity

turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity sagacity 현명, 기민 the quality of being discerning, sound in

judgment, and farsighted; wisdom constancy ↔ turncoat

turpitude [tə ːrpitjùːd] n. 비열함 : DEPRAVITY, BASENESS 1. depravity; baseness 2. a base act

turpitude ↔ saintly behavior, probity

turquoise [t ə :rkw iz|-kwɑ:z] n. 터키석 gem : turquoise :: flower : violet

turret [t ʌ rit] n. 작은 탑; 포탑 castle : turret :: sea : beacon

tutor [tjúːtəːr] n. 가정 교사 : a person charged with the instruction and guidance of

another

twig [twig] n. 작은 가지 1. a young shoot representing the current season's growth

of a woody plant 2. any small, leafless branch of a woody plant

figurine : statue :: twig : branch (A << B) twig : limb :: brook : river (A << B)

typo [táipou] n. 오타, 오식 : a typographical error

typo : text :: bug : software

tyrant [tái-ərənt] n. 전제군주, 폭군 1. an absolute ruler who governs without restrictions 2. a ruler who exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner 3. an oppressive, harsh, arbitrary person

tyro [táirou] n. 초심자 : a beginner in learning something

tyro ↔ expert

U ubiquitous [juːbíkwətəs] a. 도처에 존재하는

: being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time; omnipresent

ubiquitous : place :: perpetual : time ubiquitous ↔ unique, rarely be encountered, extraordinary ubiquity ↔ rarity

ugly [ʌ gli] a. 추한 : HIDEOUS, UNSIGHTLY 1. displeasing to the eye; unsightly 2. repulsive or offensive; objectionable 3. morally reprehensible; bad

4. threatening or ominous 5. a. likely to cause embarrassment or trouble b. marked by

or inclined to anger or bad feeling; cross or disagreeable pulchritude ↔ ugliness, hideousness pulchritude [pʌ lkritjù:d] 육체미 great physical beauty and appeal

umbrage [ʌ mbrid¥] n. 불쾌감, 토라짐 resentful : umbrage :: fractious : umbrage :: (화 잘 내는, 화)

unaccountable [ʌ nəkáuntəbl] adj. 책임이 없는, 설명할 수 없는, 영문 모를, 불가사의한, 기묘한

unaccountable ↔ explicable

unaffected [ʌ nəféktid] adj. 점잔빼지 않는, 있는 그 로의, 소박한, 가식없는; ~에 의한 영향을 받지 않는, 마음이 흔들리지 않는, 변하지 않는

posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B가 없는 사람) stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (OPPOSITE, 사람 : 형) unaffected ↔ refined, pretentious, insincere, artful, bombastic, imbued

unalloyed [ʌ nəl`oid] a. 순수한(pure), 합금이 아닌; 완전한, 진실한(unmixed, genuine) 1. not in mixture with other metals; pure 2. complete; unqualified

unalloyed ↔ adulterated

unanimous [ju:nǽnəməs] a. 만장일치인 unanimous ↔ dissident, inharmonious

unassailable [ʌ nəséiləb:əl] a. 난공불락의, 논쟁의 여지가 없는, 부정할 수 없는 1. impossible to dispute or disprove; undeniable 2. not subject to attack or seizure; impregnable

unassailable : refute :: impervious : damage unassailable : attack :: imperturbable : nettle unassailable ↔ assailable, assaultable, attackable, controversial, deniable, refutable

unassuming [ʌ nəsjúːmiŋ] a. 젠체하지 않는, 삼가는 : MODEST, RETIRING

exhibiting no pretensions, boastfulness, or ostentation; modest unassuming ↔ imperious, overbearing, ostentatious, arrogant, presumptuous, assertive

unavailable [ʌ nəveiləbl] a. 이용할 수 없는, 도움이 되지 않는, 입수

할 수 없는 : not available, accessible, or at hand

unavailable ↔ useful

unavailing [ʌ nəvéiliŋ] a. 효과 없는 : FUTILE, USELESS : not availing; ineffectual or useless

unavailing ↔ useful

unbending [ʌ nbéndiŋ] a. 굳은, 단단한(stiff, rigid); 불굴의

(inflexible); 완고한 1. not yielding; inflexible 2. aloof and often antisocial; extremely reserved

unbending ↔ pliant

unbridled [ʌnbráidld] adj. 1. unrestrained; uncontrolled: unbridled anger 2. not wearing or being fitted with a bridle

unbridled ↔ restrained

uncanny [ʌnkǽni] a. 불가사의한, 신비한 : EERIE, MYSTERIOUS 1. peculiarly unsettling, as if of supernatural origin or nature;

eerie 2. so keen and perceptive as to seem preternatural

eerie [íəri] 으스스한; 신비로운

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uncanny ↔ ordinary, quotidian, everyday, normal, commonplace, ordinary

uncommitted [ʌnkəmítid] a. 특정 방침을 따르지 않는;중립적인, 당파심이 없는

: not pledged to a specific cause or course of action

unconventional [ʌ nkənvénʃənəl] a. 관습/인습에 얽매이지 않는 : not adhering to convention; out of the ordinary

hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional unconventionality ↔ fidelity to custom

uncouth [ʌnkúːθ] a. 어색한, 꼴불견의; 무례한 1. crude; unrefined 2. awkward or clumsy; ungraceful

uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver churl 막되게 자란 사람, 버릇 없는 사람 connive 공모하다, 음모를 꾸미다; 보고도 못 본 체하다, 묵인하다

seemly, sophisticated ↔ uncouth

unctuous [ʌ ŋktʃuəs] a. 그럴듯한, 간살을 부리는; 기름기 있는 1. characterized by affected, exaggerated, or insincere

earnestness 2. having the quality or characteristics of oil or ointment;

slippery 3. containing or composed of oil or fat 4. abundant in organic materials; soft and rich

placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous salve 연고, 고약; 위안(이 되는 것); 아첨

unctuous : earnest :: sanctimonious : devout sanctimonious 성인인 체하는 feigning piety or righteousness

unctuous ↔ brusque brusque 무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운 abrupt and curt in manner or

speech; discourteously blunt

underdog [ʌ ndərdɔ (ː)g, -dɑ g] n. 약자, 패배자 1. one that is expected to lose a contest or struggle, as in

sports or politics 2. one that is at a disadvantage

underdog ↔ bully

undergird [ʌ ndərgə ːrd] 보강하다, 떠받치다 : to support or strengthen from beneath undermine ↔ undergird

underline [ʌ ndə:rlain] 1. to draw a line under; emphasize or cause to stand out;

underscore 2. to emphasize; stress

underline ↔ deemphasis, underplay

undermine [ʌ ndərmáin] v.토 를 허물다, 약화시키다, 손상시키다 1. to weaken by wearing away a base or foundation 2. to weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or

imperceptibly; sap 3. to dig a mine or tunnel beneath

undermine ↔ undergird, reinforce undergird 보강하다, 떠받치다 to support or strengthen from

beneath

underplay [ʌ ndərpléi] v. 소극적으로 연기하다 1. to act (a role) subtly or with restraint 2. to present or deal with subtly or with restraint; play

down

underscore [ʌ ndərskɔ ːr] v. 밑줄을 치다; 강조하다 1. to underline 2. to emphasize; stress

underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership underscore ↔ de-emphasize, underplay, downplay, slight, understate underplay 소극적으로 연기하다

understate [ʌ ndərstéit] v. 적게 말하다, 삼가서 말하다 1. To state with less completeness or truth than seems

warranted by the facts. 2. To express with restraint or lack of emphasis, especially

ironically or for rhetorical effect. 3. To state (a quantity, for example) that is too low:

understate corporate financial worth. understate ↔ vaunt understated ↔ bombastic, flamboyant understatement ↔ hyperbole

understudy [ʌ ndə:rstʌ di] v. 역을 하다/연습하다 1. to study or know (a role) so as to be able to replace the

regular performer when required 2. to act as an understudy to

understudy : star :: deputy : sheriff deputy 리인, 리자; 부관 sheriff 보안관; 사법 장관, 집행관

undeserved [ʌ ndizә:rvd] adj. 받을 만한 값어치가 없는, 부당한, 분수에 벗어나는

: not merited; unjustifiable or unfair undeserved ↔ moderate, reasonable, sensible, equitable, fair, just condign ↔ undeserved, unmerited

undue [ʌ ndjú:] a. 적절하지 않은, 어울리지 않는;지나친, 과도한;지급 기한이 되지 않은

1. exceeding what is appropriate or normal; excessive 2. not just, proper, or legal 3. not yet payable or due

rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue antiestablishment 반체제의

unearth [ʌnə ːrθ] v. 폭로하다, 발굴하다 1. to bring up out of the earth; dig up 2. to bring to public notice; uncover

unearth ↔ conceal

unequivocal [ʌ nikwívəkəl] a. 모호하지 않은, 헷갈리지 않는, 분명한 unequivocation : ambiguity :: spotlessness : blemish (A하면 B가 없다) blemish 흠, 오점, 결점

unexceptionable [ʌ niksépʃənəbəl] a. 나무랄 데 없는 : UNIMPEACHABLE

beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable unexceptionable : oppose :: unsalvageable : repair :: unique : precedent vile ↔ unexceptionable

unexceptional [ʌ niksépʃənəl] a. 보통의 : COMMONPLACE, 예외

가 있을 수 없는 1. not varying from a norm; usual 2. not subject to exceptions

unfasten [ʌnfǽsn / -fɑ ːsn] v. 풀어주다 : to make loose

secure ↔ unfasten scotch ↔ encourage {unfasten아님}

unfeigned [ʌnféind] adj. 거짓없는 : not feigned or hypocritical : GENUINE synonyms see

SINCERE unfeigned ↔ pretended

unflagging [ʌnflǽgiŋ] 지칠 줄 모르는 flag

1. to hang limply; droop

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2. to decline in vigor or strength 3. to decline in interest

unflagging ↔ fading

unflappable [ʌnflǽpəbəl] a. 침착한 : persistently calm, whether when facing difficulties or

experiencing success; not easily upset or excited unflappable : upset, provocation :: obstinate : persuade unflappable ↔ disturbed

ungainly [ʌngéinli] a. 꼴사나운, 보기 흉한 : CLUMSY 1. lacking grace or ease of movement or form; clumsy 2. difficult to move or use; unwieldy

unwieldy (크기, 무게 때문에) 다루기 힘든; 거추장스러운 loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly ungainly ↔ dexterous, adroit, lissome lissome [lísəm] 나긋나긋한, 유연한; 민첩한, 날랜

unhackneyed [ʌ nhǽknid] a. 낡지 않은, 참신한, 독창적인, 창조적인 unhackneyed ↔ trite

unheralded [ʌnhérəldid] a. 알려지지 않은, 무명의; 뜻밖의, 예기치 않은

unheralded : announcement :: rash : circumspection :: impromptu : rehearsal

unherald ↔ proclaim

unkempt [ʌnkémpt] a. 단정치 못한, 흐트러진; 버릇없는 1. a. not combed b. not properly maintained; disorderly or

untidy 2. unpolished; rude

unkempt ↔ dapper dapper 깔끔한, 단정한; 민첩한, 경쾌한

unlettered [ʌnlétərd] a. 무지한, 배우지 않은 1. a. not adept at reading and writing; deficient in the

knowledge that can be acquired from books b. illiterate 2. having no lettering * lettered adj. 학문이 있는, 교육을 받은, 박식한

erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered learned ↔ unlettered lettered : education :: mature : growth

unobtrusive [ʌ nəbtrú:siv] a. 나서지 않는, 삼가는(modest, retiring); 겸손한

: not undesirably noticeable or blatant; inconspicuous unobtrusive ↔ impetuous

unpalatable [ʌnpǽlətəbəl] a. 맛없는; 불쾌한 : DISTASTEFUL 1. not pleasing to the taste 2. not pleasant or agreeable

unprepossessing [ʌ nprì:pəzésiŋ] a. 호감을 주지 못하는; 불쾌한 : failing to impress favorably; nondescript

unprepossessing ↔ attractive, entrancing, enticing, winsome, riveting

unpretentious [ʌ npriténʃəs] a. 젠체하지 않는 : MODEST : lacking pretension or affectation; modest

bombastic ↔ unpretentious

unproductive [ʌ nprədʌ ktiv] a. 비생산적인; 효과 없는

(ineffective) effectual ↔ unproductive

unrepentant [ʌ nripéntənt] a. 회개하지 않는 : having or exhibiting no remorse

unrepentant ↔ remorseful, attritional, compunctious attrition 마찰, 마모; 감소, 축소; 회개

unrequited [ʌ nrikwáitid] a. 보답 없는, 무보수의 : not reciprocated or returned in kind

remunerative ↔ unrequited remunerative 보수가 있는; 보답하는 remunerate 보수를 지불하다, 보답하다

unruly [ʌnrúːli] a. 다루기 힘든 : difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule

unruly : authority :: refractory : change unruly ↔ disciplined, subdued

unseemly [ʌnsí:mli] a.볼품없는,보기 흉한;때/장소에 걸맞지 않는 1. not in accord with accepted standards of good taste;

grossly improper 2. not suited to the circumstances; inappropriate

unseemly ↔ decorous unseemliness ↔ decorum

unstable [ʌnstéib:əl] 1. a. tending strongly to change b. not constant; fluctuating 2. a. fickle b. lacking control of one's emotions; characterized

by unpredictable behavior 3. not firmly placed; unsteady

unstable ↔ secure

unsubstantial [ʌnsəbstǽn∫:əl] a.공상적인,비현실적인;실체가없는 1. lacking material substance; insubstantial 2. lacking firmness or strength; flimsy 3. lacking basis in fact

unsubstantial ↔ firm, realistic, practical, effective, strong, confirmed

unsubstantiated [ʌnsəbstǽn∫ieitid] a.입증되지 않은,근거가 없는 unsubstantiated ↔ verified, confirmed

unsullied [ʌnsʌ lid] adj. 결백한 unsullied ↔ tarnished

untactful [ ntǽktfəl] adj. 기지(재치, 수완, 솜씨)가 없는 untactful ↔ thoughtful, dexterous, skillful, discreet

untainted [ʌntéintid] a. 더럽혀지지 않은; 오점이 없는 untainted ↔ contaminated

untenable [ʌnté nəbəl] a. 지지할 수 없는, 거주할 수 없는 1. being such that defense or maintenance is impossible 2. being such that occupation or habitation is impossible

untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury invulnerable 손상되지 않는, 무적의; 논파할 수 없는, 확고한

untenable : defended :: incontrovertible : disputed :: inevitable : avoided incontrovertible 논의의 여지없는, 명백한 impossible to dispute;

unquestionable inalienable : surrendered :: untenable : defended inalienable (권리 등을) 양도할 수 없는 that cannot be transferred to

another or others untenable : defended :: inexorable : persuade inexorable 불변의; 냉혹한, 무정한 not capable of being persuaded by

entreaty; relentless untenable ↔ defensible untenable ↔ habitable

untold [ʌntóuld] a. 밝혀지지 않은; 셀 수 없는:INCALCULABLE, VAST 1. not told or revealed 2. beyond description or enumeration

countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable

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untold ↔ able to quantify, quantifiable, calculable, able to be gauged, plumbable

untoward [ʌntɔ ːrd, ʌntóuərd] a. 불리한, 부적당한; 고집 센 : ADVERSE, UNPROPITIOUS

1. not favorable; unpropitious 2. troublesome; adverse 3. hard to guide or control; unruly 4. improper; unseemly

untoward, inauspicious, unpropitious ↔ favorable and anticipated, fortunate, auspicious, propitious, fortunate auspicious 길조의, 상서로운 propitious 형편 좋은; 자비로운; 상스러운, 길조의

toward ↔ obdurate untoward ↔ proper, decorous, favorable and anticipated, yielding

untutored [ʌntjúːtərd] a. 교육을 받지 않은; 순박한 : NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED

1. having had no formal learning or training 2. unsophisticated; unrefined

untutored ↔ polished

unwieldy [ nwí:ldi] adj. (크기, 모양, 무게 때문에) 다루기 어려운, 거추장스러운(unmanageable)

* wield v. 휘두르다, (도구 등을) 쓰다; 지배하다 1. to handle (a weapon or tool, for example) with skill and

ease 2. to exercise (authority or influence, for example)

effectively unwieldy : carry :: intractable : govern

unwitting [ʌnwítiŋ] a. 모르는, 무의식적인; 실수로 저지른, 무심코 한 : UNAWARE

1. not knowing; unaware 2. not intended; unintentional

conscious, intentional ↔ unwitting

unwonted [ʌnwóuntid] a. 드문 1. not habitual or ordinary; unusual 2. not accustomed; unused

habit ↔ unwonted behavior unwonted ↔ usual, habitual

upbraid [ʌipbréid] v.t. 신랄하게 비난하다 : to reprove sharply; reproach

upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B) upbraid : disapproval :: lament : grief (A shows B) upbraid ↔ laud, extol, praise

uphold [ʌdphóuld] v.t. 지지하다 1. to hold aloft; raise 2. to prevent from falling or sinking; support 3. to maintain or affirm against opposition

uphold ↔ abrogate, forsake abrogate 폐지하다; 그만두다 to abolish, do away with, or annul,

especially by authority forsake (습관 등을) 버리다 to give up (something formerly held

dear); renounce uphold ↔ impugn impugn 비난하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;

challenge in argument

uproar [ʌ prɔ ːr] n. 소란, 격론 1. a condition of noisy excitement and confusion; tumult 2. a heated controversy

placid ↔ uproarious

upset [ʌpsét] v. 뒤흔들어 놓다 1. to cause to turn or tip over; capsize 2. to disturb the functioning, order, or course of

3. to distress or perturb mentally or emotionally 4. to overthrow; overturn 5. to defeat unexpectedly (an opponent favored to win) 6. to make (a heated metal bolt, for example) shorter and

thicker by hammering on the end unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade unflappable 동요되지 않는, 차분한

uptight a. 긴장한, 초조한, 신경질적인; 딱딱한, 격식차린 uptight ↔ calm

urbane [əːrbéin] a. 도시풍의, 세련된 : POLISHED : polite, refined, and often elegant in manner * urbanity n.도시풍, 예의 바른 태도

urbane : gaucherie :: guileless : chicanery brutal : urbanity :: enigmatic : lucidity, elucidation (A에는 B가 없는) brute : urbanity :: urbanity : coarse :: (A한 사람은 B하지 않은) coarse : 교양 없는, 난폭한, 고상하지 않은

urbane ↔ bucolic, rude, rustic urbanity ↔ artlessness, oafishness oaf 바보, 멍청이

urge [əːrdʒ] vi. 주장하다 1. to force or drive forward or onward; impel 2. to entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort 3. to advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval

of; press for 4. to stimulate; excite 5. to move or impel to action, effort, or speed; spur

didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge hortatory 격려의, 충고의 marked by exhortation or strong urging

usurp [juːsə ːrp, -zə ːrp] v.t. 강탈하다, 권한 없이 사용하다 1. to seize and hold (the power or rights of another, for

example) by force and without legal authority 2. to take over or occupy without right

usurp : take :: trespass : enter impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (A = 거짓 B를 가진 사람) embezzle : funds :: usurp : power usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine :: defame : disparage (EQUAL) interrogate 따져 묻다; 심문하다 to examine by questioning formally

or officially usurp ↔ assume rightfully

usury [jú:ʒəri|-ʒuri] n. 고리 ( 금); 이자 1. the practice of lending money and charging the borrower

interest, especially at an exorbitant or illegally high rate 2. an excessive or illegally high rate of interest charged on

borrowed money usury : interest :: gouging : price gouge 둥근끌로 파다/새기다; (금전 등을) 갈취하다, 사기치다

utter [ʌ tər] v. 말하다 a. 무조건적인, 완전한 : complete; absolute; entire

flit : move :: blurt : utter flit 훌쩍 날다; 휙 지나가다, 스치다 blurt 무심코 말하다 to utter suddenly and impulsively

exclaim : utter :: flare : shine circumlocution ↔ pithy utters, utter concisely, straightforward utter jest ↔ solemn utterance jest 농담, 익살; 희롱

utter ↔ partial

V vacate [véikeit / vəkéit] v. 비우다

1. to cease to occupy or hold; give up

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2. to empty of occupants or incumbents vacate ↔ occupy

vaccinate [vǽksənèit] v. 예방 접종하다 vaccinate : disease :: (A는 B를 막는다) overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity soporific 수면제, 최면제

vacillate [vǽsəlèit] a. 동요하다, 주저하다 : FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE

1. to sway from one side to the other; oscillate 2. to swing indecisively from one course of action or

opinion to another impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness bumptious 거만한, 주제넘게 나서는 crudely or loudly assertive;

pushy vacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant (OPPOSITE) inertia 관성; 게으름, 무기력

vacillate : persistent :: react : inert vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contrite contrite 통한의, 회개한

apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant adamant ↔ vacillatory impetuosity, pertinacity ↔ hesitance, vacillation pertinacious 완고한, 외고집의; 불굴의

vacillate ↔ equipoise, resolute, stand firm, resolve firmly equipoise 균형, 평형

vacillation ↔ constancy, decisiveness, impetuosity, pertinacity, resolution, motionless balance

adamant ↔ vacillating

vacuous [vǽkjuəs] a. 얼빠진, 어리석은; 공허한, 무의미한 : STUPID, INANE

1. devoid of matter; empty 2. a. lacking intelligence; stupid b. devoid of substance or

meaning; inane c. devoid of expression; vacant 3. lacking serious purpose or occupation; idle

vacuous ↔ intelligent, substantial, omniscient, full of ideas omniscient 박식한 having total knowledge; knowing everything

vacuity ↔ plentitude

vagary [véigəri, vəgɛ əri] n. 엉뚱한 짓, 변덕 : an extravagant or erratic notion or action

vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute, accomplish :: indemonstrable : prove :: diehard : budge

vagary : predict :: acme : surpass acme 절정, 정점 the highest point, as of perfection

unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary (형 : 명) vagary : predict :: diehard : budge diehard 끝까지 버티는, 완고하게 저항하는

vagarious ↔ fixed vagary ↔ fixation

vagrant [véigrənt] n. 부랑자, 방랑자 a. 떠도는, 방랑하는; 정처 없는 : RANDOM

n. 1. one who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood

2. a wanderer; a rover 3. one who lives on the streets and constitutes a public

nuisance * vagabond 방랑하는, 방랑자

vagabond : wanderer :: vagrant ↔ fixed

vague [veig] a. 분명치 않은, 막연한 1. not clearly expressed; inexplicit 2. not thinking or expressing oneself clearly 3. lacking definite shape, form, or character; indistinct 4. not clear in meaning or application

5. indistinctly felt, perceived, understood, or recalled; hazy vague ↔ well defined, trenchant, fixed trenchant 날카로운, 신랄한; 철저한

vain [vein] adj. 실질적인 뜻이 없는, 시시한, 허영심이 강한, 헛된, 보람없는, 무익한

1. not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless 무익한, 쓸모없는 2. lacking substance or worth 3. excessively proud of one's appearance or

accomplishments; conceited 우쭐 는, 자부심 강한 vain ↔ successful, efficacious

vainglorious [veinglɔ :riəs] a. 자만심이 강한 1. characterized by or exhibiting excessive vanity; boastful 2. proceeding from vainglory

vainglorious : humility :: prodigal : thrift (A한 사람은 B가 없다) vainglorious ↔ self-effacing, meek, humble

valediction [væ lədíkʃən] n. 작별, 고별; 고별사 1. an act of bidding farewell; a leave-taking 2. a speech or statement made as a farewell

panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell panegyric 칭찬하는 말/글, 찬사

valediction ↔ greeting

valiant [vǽljənt] a. 용맹스러운, 영웅적인; 훌륭한, 멋진 : COURAGEOUS

1. possessing valor; brave 2. marked by or done with valor

valor 용기, 용맹 courage and boldness, as in battle; bravery valiant ↔ coward, craven, pusillanimous, timorous pusillanimous 우유부단한, 소심한 lacking courage; cowardly

valid [vǽlid] a. 정당한; 유효한 1. well grounded; just 2. producing the desired results; efficacious 3. having legal force; effective or binding * validate v.t. ~의 정당성을 입증하다, ~을 법적으로 유효하게

하다 void : valid :: (OPPOSITE) specious ↔ valid specious 허울 좋은, 그럴듯한 having the ring of truth or plausibility

but actually fallacious fallacy ↔ valid argument nullify ↔ validate, confirm, ratify nullification ↔ validation

valorize [vǽləràiz] v. 가격을 정하다 1. to establish and maintain the price of (a commodity) by

governmental action 2. to give or assign a value to

valorize ↔ fluctuate

valorous [vǽlərəs] a. 용감한 : marked by or possessing great personal bravery; valiant

craven ↔ valorous valorous ↔ timorous

vanish [vǽni∫] v. 사라지다 1. to pass out of sight, especially quickly; disappear 2. to pass out of existence

evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (A = B하기 쉬운, 능동) (transparent : penetrate 관계는 오답. (A = B되기 쉬운, 수동))

evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate perpetuate 영속하게 하다; 불멸하게 하다 make perpetual; to prolong

the existence of constant : perpetuate :: transient : vanish (형 : 동)

vanquish [vǽŋkwiʃ] v.t. 정복하다; 이겨내다, 극복하다

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1. a. to defeat or conquer in battle; subjugate b. to defeat in a contest, conflict, or competition

2. to overcome or subdue (an emotion, for example); suppress

attack : vanquished :: goad : provoked (A의 결과 : B) dominate : vanquished :: (OPPOSITE) vanquish ↔ surrender, submit to

vapid [vǽpid] a. 맛이 없는, 김빠진; 생기 없는, 지루한 : FLAT, DULL

1. lacking liveliness, animation, or interest; dull 2. lacking taste, zest, or flavor; flat

vapid ↔ zealous, riveting, inventive, piquant, bracing, zesty, lively, stimulating riveting 매혹적인 wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention;

fascinating bracing 기운을 돋우는; 떠받치는 invigorating or refreshing;

strengthening zest 풍미; 흥취, 재미; 열의, 관심

vaporize [véipəràiz] v. 증발시키다 : to convert or be converted into vapor

scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization scuff 발을 끌며 걷다; (구두 등이) 닳다 to scrape the feet while

walking; shuffle abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat vaporization, gasification ↔ solidification vaporous ↔ substantial

vaporous [véipərəs] a. 증기의; 공허한, 비실질적인 1. relating to or resembling vapor 2. a. producing vapors; volatile b. giving off or full of vapors 3. insubstantial, vague, or ethereal 4. extravagantly fanciful; high-flown

ethereal 공기 같은, 가벼운, 희박한; 절묘한; 천상의, 하늘의 vaporous ↔ substantial

variance [vɛ əriəns] n. 가변성, 다양성; 차이, 불일치 : DIFFERENCE, VARIATION

1. a. the act of varying b. the state or quality of being variant or variable; a variation c. a difference between what is expected and what actually occurs

2. the state or fact of differing or of being in conflict immutable ↔ variable variance ↔ congruity, uniformity, quantity with a fixed value

variegation [vɛ əriəgéiʃən] n. (색깔의) 다양성 : the state of being variegated; diversified coloration variegate v. 얼룩덜룩하게 하다; ...에 변화를 주다

variegation : uniformity :: simplicity : difficulty variegation ↔ uniform coloration, sameness, uniformity, homogeneity

varnish [vɑ ːrniʃ] n. 유약 v. 광나게 하다 1. to cover with varnish 2. to give a smooth and glossy finish to 3. to give a deceptively attractive appearance to; gloss over

glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth

vat [væt] n. 염색통 : a large vessel (as a cistern, tub, or barrel) especially for

holding liquors in an immature state or preparations for dyeing or tanning

mortar : grind :: vat : dye

vault [vɔːlt] n. (지하) 금고 larder : provisions :: vault : valuables :: reservoir : water larder 식료품 저장실

vault : valuables :: refrigerator : foods :: library : books

vaunt [vɔːnt, vɑːnt] v. 자랑하다, 뽐내다 : BRAG n.자랑 : to speak boastfully of; brag about vaunt one’s skill 솜씨를 자랑하다

vaunt ↔ deprecate, humble, self-deprecate, downplay, understate, resign, (retire) downplay 얕보다 to minimize the significance of; play down

vaunting ↔ meek (중국 3회) vaunting 자랑하는, 교만한 meek showing patience and humility

veer [viər] v. 방향을 바꾸다 1. to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose; swerve 2. to shift clockwise in direction, as from north to northeast.

used of the wind swerve 빗나가다, 이탈하다 to turn aside or be turned aside from a

straight course veer : direction :: convert : belief topic : digress :: course : veer veer ↔ maintain constant

vehement [víːəmənt] a. 격앙된, 열정적인 : POWERFUL 1. characterized by forcefulness of expression or intensity of

emotion or conviction; fervid 2. marked by or full of vigor or energy; strong

vehement ↔ languid, apathetic, tepid, indifferent, unconcerned, easy languid 나른한, 기력 없는; 의욕 없는 apathetic 무감동의; 냉담한, 무관심한

vehemency, vehemence ↔ tepidity, lull tepid 미지근한; 열의 없는 lull 잠잠함, 소강상태, 중단

venal [víːnl] a. 매수되기 쉬운, 돈독 오른; 부패한, 타락한 : PURCHASABLE 1. a. open to bribery; mercenary b. capable of betraying

honor, duty, or scruples for a price; corruptible 2. marked by corrupt dealings, especially bribery 3. obtainable for a price

disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity disinterested 사심 없는, 청렴한 free of bias and self-interest;

impartial probity 정직, 성실 complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness

venal ↔ unsusceptible of bribe, incorruptible

vendor [véndər, vendɔ ːrː] n. 조달자; 행상인, 노점상 vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate censor 검열관

veneer [vəníər] n. 베니어(박판), 표면 마무리 1. a thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a

base of inferior material 2. any of the thin layers glued together to make plywood 3. a decorative facing, as of brick 4. a deceptive, superficial show; a facade

foil : metal :: veneer : wood glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall baseboard 굽도리널 a molding that conceals the joint between an

interior wall and a floor

venerate [vénərèit] v.t. 존경, 경배하다 : to regard with respect, reverence, or heartfelt deference

* venerable [vén:ərəb:əl] a. 존경할 만한, 훌륭한 1. commanding respect by virtue of age, dignity character, or

position 2. worthy of reverence, especially by religious or historical

association * veneration n. 존경, 숭배

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venerable : respect :: venerable ↔ despicable, disrespectable (scornful은 오답) perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration perfunctory 형식적인, 겉치레의 insolent 거만한, 오만한

venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn venerate ↔ despise, dishonor, scorn, disdain, desecrate, abhor veneration ↔ contempt, dishonor, hatred, derision, disdain, despise, scorn, obloquy (blame은 오답) deride 조소/조롱하다 to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth

vengeful [véndʒfəl] a. 앙심을 품은 : REVENGEFUL 1. desiring vengeance; vindictive 2. indicating or proceeding from a desire for revenge 3. serving to exact vengeance

demanding : satisfy :: vengeful : forgive (A = B하기 어려운)

venial [víːniəl, -njəl] a. 용서될 만한, 사소한 : easily excused or forgiven; pardonable

venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand venial ↔ heinous, intolerant, inexorable, uncharitable, unforgiving, unpardonable, unrelenting, unsparing heinous 증오할, 아주 나쁜 grossly wicked or reprehensible;

abominable unsparing 인색하지 않은(liberal, profuse); 무자비한, 엄격한(hard,

severe) veniality ↔ inexorability

venom [vénəm] n. 독; 악의, 원한 1. a poisonous secretion of an animal, such as a snake,

spider, or scorpion, usually transmitted by a bite or sting 2. a poison 3. malice; spite

placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic :: milk : nutrient

ventilate [véntəlèit] v.t. 환기시키다; 산소를 공급하다 1. to admit fresh air into (a mine, for example) to replace

stale or noxious air 2. to circulate through and freshen 3. to provide with a vent, as for airing 4. to expose (a substance) to the circulation of fresh air, as

to retard spoilage 5. to expose to public discussion or examination 6. to aerate or oxygenate (blood)

veracious [vəréiʃəs] a. 정직한, 진실한; 정확한 : TRUTHFUL, HONEST

1. honest; truthful 2. accurate; precise

veracious : guile :: (OPPOSITE) veracious ↔ mendacious, fallacious mendacious 1. lying; untruthful 2. false; untrue

veracity [vərǽsəti] n. 진실, 정직; 진실성 1. adherence to the truth; truthfulness 2. conformity to fact or truth; accuracy or precision 3. something that is true

veracity : dissembler :: agility : bungler mendacity, prevarication ↔ veracity

verbalism [və ːrbəlìzəm] n. 언어 표현 1 a. a verbal expression: TERM b. PHRASING, WORDING 2. words used as if they were more important than the

realities they represent 3. a. a wordy expression of little meaning b. VERBOSITY

argot ↔ standard language / common verbalism argot 은어, 속어 a specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a

particular group

verbatim [vəːrbéitim] a. 똑같은 말의 : using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word

paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise

verbiage [vә:rbiidʒ] n. 말이 많음, 장황함 verbiage ↔ terseness

verbose [vəːrbóus] a. 수다스런, 장황한 : WORDY : using or containing a great and usually an excessive

number of words; wordy verbosity : words :: floridness : embellishments florid 불그레한, 혈색이 좋은; 화사한, 현란한, 화려한

verbosity ↔ succinctness, laconism, terseness, pithiness, conciseness, restraint

verbose ↔ succinct, concise, laconic (taciturn은 오답)

verdant [və ːrdənt] a. 초목으로 뒤덮인; 미숙한 1. green with vegetation; covered with green growth 2. (color) green in hue 3. lacking experience or sophistication; naive

verdant ↔ sterile, sere, barren sere 시든, 말라빠진 withered; dry

verdict [və ːrdikt] n. (배심원의) 평결 1. (law) the finding of a jury in a trial 2. an expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion

verify [vérəfài] v.t. 확증하다, 실증하다 1. to prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or

testimony; substantiate 2. to determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by

comparison, investigation, or reference verifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible obfuscate 당혹시키다, 애매하게 하다

plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy refutation ↔ verification refutation 반박, 논박

unsubstantiated ↔ verified unsubstantiated 입증되지 않은, 근거 없는

verifiable ↔ fallacious, questionable, doubtful, unreliable, vague verify ↔ refute

verisimilar [vèrəsímələr] a. 있을 법한 : appearing to be true or real; probable

verisimilar ↔ implausible implausible 믿기 어려운, 미심쩍은 difficult to believe; not plausible

veritable [vérətəbəl] a. 진실한, 참다운 : being truly so called; real or genuine

veritable ↔ specious

vermin [və ːrmin] n. 해충; 인간쓰레기 : person considered loathsome or highly offensive

vernacular [vərnǽkjələr] n. 제 나라 말; 지방어, 사투리; 일상어 1. the standard native language of a country or locality 2. the everyday language spoken by a people as

distinguished from the literary language 3. the idiom of a particular trade or profession 4. an idiomatic word, phrase, or expression 5. the common, nonscientific name of a plant or an animal

vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular : local :: jargon : profession jargon 허튼 소리; 전문용어

versatile [və ːrsətl / -tàil] a. 용도가 많은, 다재다능한, 변하기 쉬운 1. capable of doing many things competently 2. having varied uses or serving many functions

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3. variable or inconstant; changeable versatile ↔ having limited application, unchangeable

verse [və:rs] n. 운문; 익숙해지다 : to familiarize by study or experience

footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity footloose having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases

versed [və:rst] a. 정통한, 익숙한 : acquainted through study or experience; knowledgeable

or skilled versed ↔ inexperienced, clumsy, awkward, inept, uninformed

versemonger [və ːrsmʌ ŋgər] n. 엉터리시인/풋내기시인 versemonger : verbatim ::

vertex [və :rteks] n. 정점, 절정; 천정(zenith) : the highest point; the apex or summit

vertex ↔ lowliness, nadir

vertigo [və ːrtigòu] n. 어지러움, 현기증; 혼란한 상태 1. a. the sensation of dizziness b. an instance of such a

sensation 2. a confused, disoriented state of mind

hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness hemorrhage 출혈

vertigo : nauseate :: nauseate 구역질나게 하다; 혐오감을 주다

tranquility ↔ vertigo

verve [vəːrv] n. 열정, 기백 : VIVACITY 1. energy and enthusiasm in the expression of ideas,

especially in artistic performance or composition 2. vitality; liveliness

verve ↔ listlessness, lassitude listless lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic lassitude : a state or feeling or weariness, diminished energy, or

listlessness

vessel [vésəl] n. 혈관 aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood

vestige [véstidʒ] n. 흔적, 유물, 유적; 아주 조금 : a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once

existed but exists or appears no more vestige : remainder :: figurine : statue vestige ↔ fully developed

vestigial [vestídʒiəl] a. 퇴화한, 흔적의 vestige 유물, 흔적 a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once existed but

exists or appears no more vestigial ↔ fully developed

veteran [vétərən] n. 고참병, 베테랑 1. a person who is long experienced or practiced in an

activity or a capacity 2. a person who has served in the armed forces 3. an old soldier who has been long service

cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog cadet [kədét] 사관학교 생도, 장교 후보생

veto [víːtou] n. 거부권; 금지, 부인 : INTERDICTION : an authoritative prohibition or rejection of a proposed or

intended act veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto : enactment :: antiseptic : infection veto ↔ consent

vex [veks] v.t. 화나게 하다, 짜증나게 하다 1. to annoy, as with petty importunities; bother

2. to cause perplexity in; puzzle 3. to bring distress or suffering to; plague or afflict 4. to debate or discuss (a question, for example) at length 5. to toss about or shake up

* vexatious adj. 귀찮은, 성가신, 짜증나는, 무질서한, 혼란한 * vexation n. 짜증나게 하기, 괴롭히기, 화나는 일 draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation inclement 혹독한, 엄동의; 냉혹한 1. stormy 2. showing no clemency; unmerciful fret 안달 나게 하다, 애타게 하다 to cause to be uneasy; vex

vex ↔ pacify, appease, soothe, mollify, conciliate, assuage, placate, unable to incite, gratify (exhilarate는 오답)

vexatious ↔ placatory, conciliatory vexing ↔ propitiatory, placating vexation ↔ assuagement, conciliation, gratification, placation, pleasingness gratify 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다 to please or satisfy; to give what is

desired to

viable [váiəbəl] a. 생존 가능한, 살아갈 수 있는; 성장/발전할 수 있는 1. capable of living, developing, or germinating under

favorable conditions 2. capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable elastic : expand :: viable : live

elastic 신축성 있는, 유연한; 도량이 넓은, 관 한 viability ↔ inability to live

via [váiəl] n. 유리로 된 작은 병 vial : bottle ::

vibrant [váibrənt ] a. 진동하는, 울려 퍼지는; 활기찬 1. a. pulsing or throbbing with energy or activity

b. vigorous, lively, and vital 2. exhibiting or characterized by rapid, rhythmic movement

back and forth or to and fro; vibrating 3. produced as a result of vibration; resonant or resounding

flagging ↔ vibrant ponderous ↔ lively, vibrant, brisk

vicarious [vaikɛ əriəs, vi-] a. 신의, 행의 : SUBSTITUTIONARY

1. felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or feelings of another

2. endured or done by one person substituting for another 3. a. acting or serving in place of someone or something else;

substituted b. committed or entrusted to another, as powers or authority; delegated

vicarious ↔ first-handed

vice [vais] n. 악덕, 부도덕, 사악; (조직, 제도, 성격, 문체 등의) 결합, 결점

vice ↔ rectitude (sincerity는 오답)

vicious [víʃəs] a. 악의가 있는, 부도덕한 : DEPRAVED benign, benignant ↔ vicious benignant 친절한, 자비로운; 유익한

vicissitude [visísətjùːd] n. 변천, 변화; 부침 1. a. a change or variation

b. the quality of being changeable; mutability 2. often vicissitudes one of the sudden or unexpected

changes or shifts often encountered in one's life, activities, or surroundings

vicissitudinous ↔ unchanging, immutable, invariant, constant vicissitude ↔ immutability, unchangeability

victimize [víktəmàiz] v.t. 사기치다 : SWINDLE 1. to subject to swindle or fraud 2. to make a victim of

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victimize ↔ treat fairly

vigilant [vídʒələnt] a. 빈틈없는, 주의 깊은 : on the alert; watchful

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: demanding : satisfied :: wary : gulled, duped (A한 사람은 B하기 어렵다) wary 조심하는, 신중한 1. on guard; watchful 2. characterized by caution

vigilant : ambushed :: vigilant : waylaid :: wary : gulled vigilant : danger :: thrifty : indigence watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled waylay 잠복하여 습격하다 to lie in wait for and attack from ambush

vigilant ↔ oblivious, unalert, slack, negligent, supine, torporific, inattentive oblivious 잘 잊는 1. lacking all memory; forgetful 2. lacking conscious awareness; unmindful supine 반듯하게 누운; 무관심한, 태만한 torporific 바미시키는, 무감각하게 하는

vignette [vinjét] n. (책의 속표지,장 머리 등의)장식 무늬 윤곽을 흐리게 한 사진; 작은 풍경/광경

1. a decorative design placed at the beginning or end of a book or chapter of a book or along the border of a page

2. an unbordered picture, often a portrait, that shades off into the surrounding color at the edges

3. a. a short, usually descriptive literary sketch b. a short scene or incident, as from a movie

vignette : scene :: skit : drama vignette : book :: scene : movie

vigor [vígər] n. 활력, 정력 1. physical or mental strength, energy, or force 2. the capacity for natural growth and survival, as of plants

or animals 3. strong feeling; enthusiasm or intensity 4. legal effectiveness or validity

decrepit ↔ vigorous decrepit 노쇠한, 약해진; 낡아빠진

vile [vail] a. 야비한, 초라한, 치사한, 비열한 1. loathsome; disgusting 2. unpleasant or objectionable 3. a. contemptibly low in worth or account; second-rate

b. of mean or low condition 4. miserably poor and degrading; wretched 5. morally depraved; ignoble or wicked

vile ↔ noble, unexceptionable, unimpeachable unexceptionable a. 나무랄 데 없는, 비판의 여지가 없는, 더할 나위가 없는, 훌륭한 (unobjectionable, irreproachable) Beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable.

vilify [víləfài] v. 헐뜯다 : DEFAME : to make vicious and defamatory statements about

vilify : laud :: vilify ↔ extol, honor, commend, laud vilification ↔ approbation, adulation, beautification

vim [vim] n. 정력 : ebullient vitality and energy

lassitude, lethargy ↔ vim, animation, verve verve (예술 작품의) 열정, 기백; 활기, 정력

vindicate [víndəkèit] v. (비난, 의혹을) 풀다 1. to clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt wit

supporting arguments or proof 2. to provide justification or support for 3. to justify or prove the worth of, especially in light of later

developments

4. to defend, maintain, or insist on the recognition of (one's right, for example)

5. to exact revenge for; avenge vindicate : blame :: disabuse : miscomprehension vindicate ↔ calumniate, impugn, inculpate, confirm guilt, blame calumniate 중상/비방하다 to make maliciously or knowingly false

statements about impugn 비난/공격하다, 논박하다 to attack as false or questionable;

challenge in argument inculpate to incriminate incriminate 죄를 씌우다, 고소하다; ...을 (잘못된 일의) 원인이라고

하다 implicate 연루시키다; 함축하다

vindictive [vindíktiv] a. 복수심을 품은; 원한 깊은 : VENGEFUL 1. disposed to seek revenge; revengeful 2. marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful

mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge

violate [váiəlèit] v. 위반하다 : rape : BREAK, DISREGARD : to do harm to the person or especially the chastity of

virile [vírəl|-ail] 사내다운, 남성적인; 건장한, 박력 있는 1. of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an adult

male 2. having or showing masculine spirit, strength, vigor, or

power * virility [viríləti] n. 남자다움, 힘참, 박력 : the quality or state of being virile

virtuoso [və ːrtʃuóusou, -zou] n. 거장, 명인 a. 명인의(에게 특유한) virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power :: genius : intelligence potentate 실력자, 권세가, 군주, 지배자

virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned mediocre [mì:dióukər] 보통의, 평범한 moderate to inferior in quality;

ordinary impostor 사기꾼 one who engages in deception under an assumed

name or identity virtuoso ↔ mediocre, ordinary, unskillful person, beginner, novice virtuosity ↔ mediocrity, beginner, novice

virtuous [və ːrtʃuəs] a. 덕 있는, 고결한 : RIGHTEOUS 1. having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence 2. possessing or characterized by chastity; pure

depravity : virtue :: doldrums : energy doldrums 적도 무풍 ; 침체, 부진; 침울, 우울 depravity 타락, 부패 moral corruption or degradation; a depraved act

or condition virtuous : basement :: base ↔ virtuous nefarious ↔ above reproach, virtuous nefarious 사악한 infamous by way of being extremely wicked

virulent [vírjulənt] a. 치명적인, 독이 있는 1. a. extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous

b. capable of causing disease by breaking down protective mechanisms of the host

2. bitterly hostile or antagonistic; hateful 3. intensely irritating, obnoxious, or harsh

obnoxious 밉살스러운, 불쾌한; (비난, 위험 등을) 받기 쉬운 virulent ↔ salubrious, harmless, genial, benign salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-being

visceral [víṣərəl] a. 내장의; 본능적인; 세련되지 않은, 거친, 젠체하

지 않는 1. relating to, situated in, or affecting the viscera 2. perceived in or as if in the viscera; profound 3. instinctive: visceral needs; instinctive

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visceral ↔ exterior, outside, external visceral ↔ conscious, intellectual, reasoning visceral ↔ learned, refined

viscid [vísid] a. 끈적끈적한 1. thick and adhesive. used of a fluid 2. covered with a sticky or clammy coating

clammy 끈끈한, 냉습한 viscid ↔ slick slick 윤기 나는, 미끄러운; 교묘한, 재치 있는

viscous [vískəs] a. 점성의, 끈적끈적한 : VISCID 1. having relatively high resistance to flow 2. viscid

glutinous ↔ nonviscous glutinous 아교질의; 끈적끈적한 of the nature of or resembling glue;

sticky

visionary [víʒənèri / -nəri] a. 공상의 : UTOPIAN visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B) officious 참견하는, 주제넘게 나서는 obliging 남을 돌보는, 친절한 ready to do favors for others;

accommodating

vista [vístə] n. 전망, 조망; 회상; 예상, 전망 : PROSPECT 1. a. a distant view or prospect, especially one seen

through an opening, as between rows or buildings or trees b. an avenue or other passage affording

such a view 2. an awareness of a range of time, events, or subjects; a

broad mental view placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista

vitality [vaitǽləti] n. 활력, 원기; 생명력 1. the capacity to live, grow, or develop 2. physical or intellectual vigor; energy 3. the characteristic, principle, or force that distinguishes

living things from nonliving things 4. power to survive * vitalize [váitəlaiz] v. 생명을 주다, 생기를 주다; 원기를 북돋

우다 1. to endow with life; animate 2. to make more lively or vigorous; invigorate

attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality :: debase : value dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness arrest ↔ vitalize arrest 체포하다; (눈길을) 끌다; 방해/저지하다

vitality ↔ enervation, soporific

vitiate [víʃièit] v. 손상시키다, 타락시키다 : IMPAIR 1. to reduce the value or impair the quality of 2. to corrupt morally; debase 3. to make ineffective; invalidate

vitiate ↔ strengthen, fortify, invigorate, buttress

vitrify [vítrəfài] vi. 유리질로 만들다 : to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and

fusion tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth tarnish ~을 흐리게 하다, 변색시키다, 바래게 하다

vitriolic [vítriɑ lik / -ɔ l -] a. 신랄한 : bitterly scathing; caustic * vitriol n. 통렬한 비평, 신랄한 반어

vitriolic ↔ soothing vitriol ↔ gentle word, soothing word, smooth word

vituperative [vaitjúːpərèitiv] a. 비난하는, 헐뜯는 : using, containing, or marked by harshly abusive censure

* vituperate v. * vituperation n.

vituperation : philippic :: lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise lionize 치켜세우다

vituperate ↔ admire, praise, adulate vituperative ↔ adulatory, admirable, complimentary, laudatory

vivacious [vivéiʃəs, vai-] a. 활기 있는, 활발한 : SPRIGHTLY : full of animation and spirit; lively

vivacious ↔ languid, phlegmatic, leaden phlegmatic 게으른, 무기력한; 냉정한 leaden [lédən] (납처럼) 무거운; 활기 없는, 나른한

vivid [vívid] a. 활기찬 : LIVELY 1. perceived as bright and distinct; brilliant 2. a. having intensely bright colors b. having a very high

degree of saturation 3. full of the vigor and freshness of immediate experience 4. a. evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or

felt as if real b. active in forming lifelike images * vivify v. ~에게 생명(생기)을 주다, 활발하게 하다

vivid : intensify :: intensify to make intense or more intense

vivid ↔ weary vivify ↔ inhibit, deaden, dampen

vocal [vóukəl] adj. 목소리의, 음성의; 잘 지껄이는, 떠들썩하게 주장하

는, 자유로이 의견을 말하는 vocal ↔ reticent

vociferous [vousífərəs] a. 떠들썩한 : making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry

vociferous ↔ reticent, monotone, serene, still

vogue [voug] n. 유행, 인기 : POPULARITY 1. the prevailing fashion, practice, or style 2. popular acceptance or favor; popularity

volatile [vɑ lətil / vɔ lətàil] a. 휘발성의;변덕스러운,격해지기 쉬운 1. a. tending to vary often or widely, as in price b. inconstant; fickle c. lighthearted; flighty d. ephemeral; fleeting 2. tending to violence; explosive * n. volatility

instable : volatility :: harmonious : congruence craven : heroic :: volatile : constant (OPPOSITE) volatile : temper :: ready : wit (변덕스러운 : 기질 :: 민첩한 : 기지) ready ~에 재빠른, 민첩한 ex. a ready wit 재치 있는 말이 금방 나오는 사람

volatile : evaporate :: soluble : dissolve volatile ↔ constant, stable imperturbability ↔ volatility

volition [voulíʃən] n. 의욕, 결단력 : WILL 1. the act or an instance of making a conscious choice or

decision 2. a conscious choice or decision 3. the power or faculty of choosing; the will

* volitional 의지적인, 의지에서 나온 volition ↔ inability to choose/select volitional ↔ unintentional, compulsory, compelling, involuntary, unwilling

voluble [vɑ ljəbəl / vɔ l-] a. 유창한; 회전성의 : GLIB, FLUENT 1. marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent 2. turning easily on an axis; rotating

* volubility n. 유창, 수다

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voluble : verbosity :: licentious : dissoluteness licentious 음탕한, 부도덕한 dissolute 방탕한, 무절제한 lacking moral restraint; indulging in

sensual pleasures or vices audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE) maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (OPPOSITE) abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (OPPOSITE) voluble : talkative :: (A=B) volubility ↔ taciturnity, reticence voluble ↔ taciturn, succinct, reticent, laconic

voluminous [vəlúːmənəs] a. 부피가 큰, 다량의 1. having great volume, fullness, size, or number 2. filling or capable of filling a large volume or many

volumes 3. ample or lengthy in speech or writing 4. having many coils; winding

voluminous ↔ scanty, scarce, sparse, summarizing

voluntary [váləntei|vɔ ləntəri] a. 자발적인; 자연히 일어나는, 무심

결에 생기는(spontaneous) 1. arising from or acting on one's own free will 2. acting, serving, or done willingly and without constraint

or expectation of reward 3. normally controlled by or subject to individual volition 4. capable of making choices; having the faculty of will 5. supported by contributions or charitable donations

rather than by government appropriations voluntary ↔ coercion

volunteer [vɑ ləntíər / vɔ l-] a. 자발적인; 자생의 volunteer ↔ obligatory

voluptuous [vəlʌ ptʃuəs] a. 사치스러운; 호색인, 음탕한 1. giving, characterized by, or suggesting ample,

unrestrained pleasure to the senses 2. devoted to or indulging in sensual pleasures b. directed

toward or anticipating sensual pleasure 3. arising from or contributing to the satisfaction of

sensuous or sensual desires voluptuary ↔ ascetic Spartan ↔ Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious voluptuous ↔ self contained, self denying self-contained 삼가는, 절제심이 있는 (self-controlled) self-denial 자제, 극기

voluptuousness ↔ austereness

vomit [vɑ mit / vɔ m-] n. 토하다; 뿜어내다, 분출하다 2. to be discharged forcefully and abundantly; spew or gush

vomit : disgorge :: (EQUAL) gorge (게걸스럽게) 먹다

voracious [vouréiʃəs] a. 게걸스레 먹는 : INSATIABLE 1. consuming or eager to consume great amounts of food;

ravenous 2. having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an activity

or a pursuit; greedy impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy voracious : food :: avaricious : money voracity ↔ lack of appetite voracious ↔ easily sated, abstemious voraciousness ↔ abstemiousness

votary [vóutəri] n. 신봉자; 열렬한 추구자 1. a. a person bound by vows to live a life of religious

worship or service b. a devout adherent of a cult or religion; a committed worshiper

2. a person who is fervently devoted, as to a leader or an ideal; a faithful follower

3. a person who is filled wit enthusiasm, as for a pursuit or

hobby; an enthusiast votary ↔ skeptic, reactionary, apostate

vouch [vautʃ] vi. 보증하다, 뒷받침하다 1. to give personal assurances; give a guarantee 2. to constitute supporting evidence; give substantiation

vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee

vouchsafe [vautʃséif] v. 허용하다 : to grant or furnish often in a gracious or condescending

manner vouchsafe ↔ prohibit

vulgar [vʌ lgər] a. 서민의, 상스러운 : COARSE 1. of or associated with the great masses of people; common 2. spoken by or expressed in language spoken by the

common people; vernacular 3. a. deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement b. marked by a

lack of good breeding; boorish c. offensively excessive in self-display or expenditure;

ostentatious 4. crudely indecent

genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (A한 사람은 B의 속성이 없다) genteel 태생이 좋은, 품위 있는, 우아한 intrepid 담한, 두려움을 모르는 resolutely courageous; fearless

vulgar ↔ noble, aesthetic, refined vulgarian ↔ aesthete (altruist는 오답) vulgarity ↔ polish (neatness는 오답)

vulnerable[vʌ ln:ərəb:əl] a. 상하기 쉬운, 공격당하기 쉬운, 약점이 있는 1. a. susceptible to physical injury b. susceptible to attack c. open to censure or criticism; assailable 2. liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation

vulnerable ↔ safe

vulture [vʌ ltʃər] n. 독수리같이 탐욕스러운 사람, 등쳐먹고 사는 사람 vulture ↔ altruist

W waddle [wɑ dl|wɔ dl] v. 어기적어기적 걷다; 건들거리며 나아가다

1. to walk with short steps that tilt the body from side to side 2. to walk heavily and clumsily with a pronounced sway

slither : snake :: waddle : duck slither [slíðər] 주르르 미끄러지다, (뱀처럼) 미끄러지듯 나아가다

waffle [wɑ f-əl / wɔ f-əl] vi. 말끝을 흐리다, 둘러 다: BLATHER : to speak or write evasively

waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE) enunciate 분명하게 발음하다, 명확히 말하다 disinter 파내다, 발굴하다

waffle ↔ speak unequivocally, insist harshly, express succinctly

waft [wæft, -ａ:-] v. 감돌게 하다, 가볍게 나르다 1. to cause to go gently and smoothly through the air or over

water 2. to convey or send floating through the air or over water

waft : plummet :: meander : dash

wag [wæg] n. (꼬리, 머리를) 흔들기; 익살꾼 : WIT, JOKER : a humorous or droll person; a wit

ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid :: buffoon : ludicrous :: libertine : dissolute dolt 얼간이, 바보 a person regarded as stupid

grouch : irritable :: wag : droll grouch : 토라진 사람, 투덜 는 사람, 투덜거림, 투덜거리다

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waif [weif] n. 떠돌이, 부랑자 waif : pariah :: (A = B)

wan [wɑn / wɔn] a. 창백한, 힘없는 : SICKLY, PALLID,FEEBLE 1. unnaturally pale, as from physical or emotional distress 2. suggestive or indicative of weariness, illness, or

unhappiness; melancholy wan ↔ hale, rubicund, intense, intensive, robust, sanguine, animated, vigorous hale 강건한, 원기 왕성한 free from infirmity or illness; sound rubicund 혈색이 좋은, 홍조를 띤 inclined to a healthy rosiness;

ruddy

wander [wɑ ndəːr / wɔ n-] 1. to move about without a definite destination or purpose 2. to go by an indirect route or at no set pace; amble 3. to proceed in an irregular course; meander 4. to go astray 5. to lose clarity or coherence of thought or expression

wander ↔ move purposely

wanderlust [wɑ ndəːrlʌ st / wɔ n-] n. 방랑벽 : a very strong or irresistible impulse to travel

curiosity : know :: wanderlust : travel

wane [wein] v. 쇠퇴하다, 약해지다 : DWINDLE, DIM 1. to decrease gradually in size, amount, intensity or

degree; decline 2. to exhibit a decreasing illuminated area from full moon

to new moon 3. to approach an end

emergence ↔ waning burgeoning ↔ waning resurgence ↔ waning vitally wane ↔ wax, increase, escalate, intensify

want [wɔ(ː)nt, wɑnt] n. 결핍 repletion ↔ want repletion 충만; 포식, 과식

wanton [wɔ (ː)nt-ən, wɑ n-] a. 제멋 로의, 부당한; 지나치게 화려한, 바람기 있는, 호색적인 : MISCHIEVOUS

1. immoral or unchaste; lewd 2. a. gratuitously cruel; merciless b. marked by unprovoked,

gratuitous maliciousness; capricious and unjust 3. unrestrainedly excessive 4. luxuriant; overabundant 5. frolicsome; playful 6. undisciplined; spoiled

gratuitous 무료의; 이유 없는; 불필요한 wantonness ↔ temperance

wardrobe [wɔ ːrdròub] n. 옷장 : CLOTHESPRESS vocabulary : word :: wardrobe : garment (itinerary : journey는 오답) larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes :: bookcase : books :: reservoir : water larder 식료품 저장실

warmonger [wɔ ːrmʌ ŋgəːr] n. 전쟁 도발자 : JINGO : one who urges or attempts to stir up war

jingo 외 강경론자, 맹목적 애국주의자 dove, pacifist ↔ warmonger, jingoist dove 비둘기; 유순한 사람; 평화주의자

warp v. 구부리다; 일탈시키다; 비뚤어지게 하다 1. to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape 2. to turn from a correct or proper course; deflect 3. to affect unfavorably, unfairly, or wrongly; bias 4. to arrange (strands of yarn or thread) so that they run

lengthwise in weaving

aligned ↔ warped

warrant [wɔ (ː)rənt, wɑ r-] v.t.허가/인가하다;정당한 이유/근거 가 되다 1. to guarantee or attest to the quality, accuracy, or condition

of 2. to guarantee or attest to the character or reliability of;

vouch for 3. a. to guarantee (a product) b. to guarantee (a purchaser)

indemnification against damage or loss 4. to guarantee the immunity or security of 5. to provide adequate grounds for; justify 6. to grant authorization or sanction to (someone); authorize

or empower warrant ↔ disallow, forbid, disapprove, deny gratuitous ↔ warranted, merited gratuitous 무료의, 무보수의; 이유 없는, 여분의 merited 가치가 있는; 당연한

wary [wɛ -əri] a. 방심하지 않는, 조심하는 1. on guard; watchful 2. characterized by caution

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A=B하기 어려운)

wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed (A면 B하지 않는다) wary : paranoid :: confident : arrogant (A<<B) vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped remiss ↔ scrupulous, wary, painstaking remiss 태만한, 성의 없는; 부주의한, 소홀한 painstaking 애쓰는, 수고를 아끼지 않는, 부지런한

wastrel [wéistr-əl] n. 방탕아, 낭비가; 건달, 깡패:PROFLIGATE 1. one who wastes, especially one who wastes money; a

profligate 2. an idler or a loafer

inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel

waterproof [wɔ ːtəːrprùːf] a. 방수의 waterproof ↔ permeable

watershed [wɔ ːtəːrʃèd] n. 분수계(分水界); 전환점 : TURNING POINT

a critical point that marks a division or a change of course; a turning point

watershed ↔ routine (ambiguity는 오답)

wax [wæks] v. 커지다, 증 하다, 차다 n. 증가 1. to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity 2. to show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the

moon does in passing from new to full 3. to grow or become as specified

varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum wax ↔ decrease, decline, diminution, diminish, dwindle, waste away, flag, wane, ebb, shrink, fade, wither (relinquish는 오답)

wax ↔ subside

waylay [wèiléi] v. 잠복하여 습격하다 : to lie in wait for or attack from ambush

vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled :: wary : duped (A한 사람은 좀처럼 B하지 않는다) gull a person who is easily tricked or cheated; a dupe

weary [wí(:)əri] a. 피곤한, 지친; 싫증난 1. physically or mentally fatigued 2. expressive of or prompted by fatigue 3. having one's interest, forbearance, or indulgence worn out 4. causing fatigue; tiresome

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weasel [wí:zəl] v. 약속을 어기다, 속이다, 얼버무리다 weasel ↔ speak frankly

weather [wéðəːr] v. 극복하다, 풍화하다 1 : to expose to the open air : subject to the action of the

elements 2 : to bear up against and come safely through : to undergo or endure the action of the elements

weighty a. 무거운, 중요한, 중 한, 영향력 있는, 짓눌리는, 답답

한, 괴로운 1. having considerable weight; heavy 2. burdensome; oppressive 3. of great consequence; momentous 4. having great power or influence 5. solemn; serious

weld [weld] v. 용접하다; 합치다, 통일하다 1. to join (metals) by applying heat, sometimes with

pressure and sometimes with in intermediate or filler metal having a high melting point

2. to bring into close association or union weld : metal :: sew : fabric weld ↔ divide

welter [wéltəːr] n. 뒤죽박죽; 소동, 혼란 1. a confused mass; a jumble 2. confusion; turmoil

welter ↔ orderly arrangement

wheedle [hwíːdl] v.t. 감언이설로 속여 얻어내다 1. to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile;

cajole 2. to obtain through the use of flattery or guile

wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion (EQUAL) extort 강요하다, 빼앗다 coercion 강제, 강요

whet [hwet] v.t. 날카롭게 갈다; (욕망 등을) 돋우다, 자극하다 1. to sharpen (a knife, for example); hone 2. to make more keen; stimulate

Whet : sharpness :: whet : blunt :: (OPPOSITE) whet ↔ dull, blunt blunt a.무딘, v.무디게 하다, n.뭉툭한 것

whiff [hwif] n. 한번 불기 1. a slight, gentle gust of air; a waft 2. a. a brief, passing odor carried in the air b. a minute

trace 3. an inhalation, as of air or smoke

waft 감돌게 하다, 가볍게 나르다 blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B)

whimsical [hwímzik-əl] a. 변덕스러운; 기발한 1. determined by, arising from, or marked by whim or

caprice 2. erratic in behavior or degree of unpredictability

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning

mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection whimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration whimsical ↔ constant, dependable

wholesome [hóulsəm] a. 건전한, 건강에 좋은 1. conducive to sound health or well-being; salutary 2. promoting mental, moral, or social health 3. enjoying or marked by physical, mental, or moral

soundness; healthy

decadence, taint ↔ wholesomeness decadence 타락, 쇠퇴

wholesome, unspoiled ↔ deleterious, insalubrious, morbid, tainted, sordid salubrious 건강에 좋은 conducive or favorable to health or well-being morbid 병적인, 병을 일으키는; 건전하지 못한

noxious ↔ wholesome, sanitary, innocuous sanitary 위생의, 위생상의, 위생적인

wicked [wíkid] a. 사악한 : EVIL 1. evil by nature and in practice 2. playfully malicious or mischievous 3. severe and distressing 4. highly offensive; obnoxious

nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality (EQUAL) nefarious 사악한, 악질인 infamous by way of being extremely wicked

willful [wílfəl] a. 계획적인; 옹고집의 ; wilful(영국식) 1. said or done on purpose; deliberate 2. obstinately bent on having one's own way

willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning (EQUAL, 명 : 형) subservient 굴종하는, 비굴한, 추종하는; 도움이 되는, 유용한

willful : acquiesce :: (A한 사람은 B하기 힘들다) acquiesce 묵인하다, 순종하다 willful ↔ tractable

willow [wílou] n. 버드나무 * willowy 가냘픈, 유연한

willowy ↔

wilt [wilt] v. 시들다 to become limp or flaccid; droop:

wilt ↔ flourish, thrive

wily [wáili] a. 교활한 : CRAFTY, CUNNING full of wiles

wince [wins] v. 주춤/움찔하다 : FLINCH to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt pout 삐죽거리다, 뿌루퉁하다 to exhibit displeasure or disappointment

windbag [wíndbæg] n. 공기 주머니, 풀무; 수다쟁이 windbag ↔ taciturnity

windy [windi] a. 바람이 부는; 수다스러운, 장황한, 알맹이 없는 1. lacking substance; empty 2. given to or characterized by prolonged talk; verbose

windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE) windy ↔ terse, succinct

winnow [wínou] v. 키질하다; 선별하다 winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities (A = B를 없앰) winnow : grain :: purify : water :: refine : oil (A = B를 선별)

winsome [wínsəm] a. 애교 있는 : charming, often in a childlike or naive way * winning adj. 매력적인, 사람을 끄는; 승리의

unprepossessing ↔ entrancing, winsome prepossessing 인상이 좋은, 매력 있는 serving to impress favorably;

pleasing winsome, winning ↔ repelling, repellent, unprepossessing, repugnant unprepossessing; failing to impress favorably; nondescript

wistful [wístfəl] a. 탐나는 듯한, 말하고 싶은 듯한, 생각에 잠긴 : full of wishful yearning : pensively sad, melancholy 예; look with wistful eyes at the dolls in the window 쇼윈도의

인형을 탐나는 듯이 쳐다보다

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wistful : yearning :: effervescent : ebullience

wit [wit] n. 기지; 지혜 있는 사람 : INGENUITY 1. the natural ability to perceive and understand;

intelligence 2. a. keenness and quickness of perception or discernment;

ingenuity b. sound mental facilities; sanity 3. a. the ability to perceive and express in an ingeniously

humorous manner the relationship between seemingly incongruous or disparate things

volatile : temper :: ready : wit wit ↔ dullard dullard 바보, 멍청이 a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt

witch [witʃ] n. 마녀 : SORCERESS retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retainer 신하, 종자 retinue (집합적) 시종의 일행, 수행단 coven 마녀들의 모임 an assembly of 13 witches

withdraw [wiðdrɔ ː, wiθ-] vi. 철회하다, 물러나다 1. a. to take back or away; remove b. to remove (money)

from an account c. to turn away (one's gaze, for example) d. to draw aside

2. a. to remove from consideration or participation b. to recall or retract

roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw roister 으스 다; 법석을 떨다 carouse 흥청 다, 술을 마시고 법석 다

press ↔ withdrawal issue ↔ withdraw tender ↔ withdraw tender ~에게 제출하다, (금전, 물품 등을) 제공하다

wither [wíðəːr] v.t. 시들다, 풀이 죽다 1. to dry up or shrivel from or as if from loss of moisture 2. to lose freshness; droop

shrivel 주름지다, 시들다, 못쓰게 되다 dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness wither ↔ revive, burgeon withered ↔ lush

withhold [wiðhóuld, wiθ-] v.t. 보류하다, 만류하다 1. to keep in check; restrain 2. to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting

withhold ↔ grant, proffer

wizen [wíz-ən] v. 시들다 : to dry up; wither or shrivel

shrivel [ʃrívəl] 시들다; 움츠러들다, 무력해지다 wizened ↔ thriving, blooming, unwrinkled, moist, smooth, thick wizen ↔ thrive

wobble [wɑ b-əl / wɔ b-əl] vi. 동요하다, 흔들거리다 1. to move or rotate with an uneven or rocking motion or

unsteadily from side to side 2. to tremble or quaver 3. to waver or vacillate in one's opinions or feelings

wobble ↔ stabilize

woo [wuː] v. 구애하다; 얻으려고 노력하다, 애쓰다 : COURT 1. to seek the affection of with intent to romance 2. a. to seek to achieve; try to gain b. to tempt or invite 3. to entreat, solicit, or importune

wordsmith [wə ːrdsmìθ] n. 문장가 1. a fluent and prolific writer, especially one who writes

professionally 2. an expert on words

raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing raconteur [rækantə :r] 이야기꾼

wordy [wә:rdi] a. 말 수가 많은, 장황한; 말의, 말에 의한 1. relating to or consisting of words; verbal 2. tending to use, using, or expressed in more words than are

necessary to convey meaning

worldly [wə ːrldli] a. 현세의, 지상의; 세속적인, 평범한, 속된 : MUNDANE

1. of, relating to, or devoted to the temporal world 2. sophisticated; cosmopolitan

worldly ↔ singular, naive, spiritual, otherworldly

worship [wə ːrʃip] n. 숭배 1. a. the reverent love and devotion accorded a deity, an idol,

or a sacred object b. the ceremonies, prayers, or other religious forms by which this love is

expressed 2. ardent devotion; adoration

worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury

wrangler [rǽŋg-ələːr] n. 언쟁/논쟁하는 사람; 카우보이 : COWBOY

1. one who wrangles or quarrels 2. a cowboy or cowgirl, especially one who tends saddle

horses saddle horse 승용 말

lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd lariat 올가미 밧줄 = lasso crook 굽은 것, 갈고리; (양치기, 주교 등의) 손잡이가 굽은 지팡이

wretched [rét∫id] a. 가엾은, 불쌍한; 야비한, 비열한; 지독한 1. in a deplorable state of distress or misfortune; miserable 2. characterized by or attended with misery or woe 3. of poor or mean character; dismal 4. contemptible; despicable

elation ↔ wretchedness elation 의기 양양, 우쭐댐

writ [rit] n. 영장, 공식 문서 : (law) a written order issued by a court, commanding the

party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act

wry [rai] a. 얼굴을 찡그린, 비꼬는; 뒤틀린, 굽은 1. dryly humorous, often with a touch of irony 2. temporarily twisted in an expression of distaste or

displeasure 3. abnormally twisted or bent to one side; crooked 4. being at variance with what is right, proper, or suitable;

perverse perverse 외고집의; 성미가 비꼬인

wry ↔ even, straight, true, direct, undeviating

Y yacht [jɑt / jɔt] n. 요트

yardstick [jɑ ːrdstìk] n. 야드 자; (판단 등의) 기준, 척도 1. a graduated measuring stick one yard in length 2. a test or standard used in measurement, comparison, or

judgment

yaw [jɔː] v. 한쪽으로 흔들리다, 빗나가다 1. (nautical) to swerve off course momentarily or temporarily 2. to turn about the vertical axis 3. to move unsteadily

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yawn [jɔːn] v. 하품하다 1. to open the mouth wide with a deep inhalation, usually

involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue, or boredom 2. to open wide; gape

yawn : fatigue :: laugh : mirth (whistle : attention은 오답) yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment

yearn [jə:rn] v. 갈망하다, 그리워하다; 동정하다, 불쌍히 여기다 1. to have a strong, often melancholy desire 2. to feel deep pity, sympathy, or tenderness

yield [jiːld] vi. 산출하다, 낳다; 양보하다, 포기하다, 따르다 1. a. to give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially

by cultivation b. to furnish as return for effort or investment; be productive of

2. a. to give over possession of, as in deference or defeat; surrender b. to give up (an advantage, for example) to another; concede

beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield (OPPOSITE) tenacious 집착하는, 고집 센

tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry (OPPOSITE) insouciant 무관심한, 태평한 marked by blithe unconcern;

nonchalant evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield (A = B하기 쉬운) default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE) default (의무 등의) 불이행, 태만, 체납

obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (OPPOSITE) meek ↔ unyielding meek 온순한, 유순한; 패기 없는, 굴종적인

dogged ↔ yielded dogged 끈덕진, 완고한, 고집 센 stubbornly persevering; tenacious

outmaneuver ↔ yield outmaneuver 책략으로 이기다

yoke [jouk] v.t. 멍에를 씌우다; 결합시키다, 한데 묶다; 속박하다 1. to fit or join with a yoke 2. a. to harness a draft animal to b. to harness (a draft

animal) to a vehicle or an implement 3. to join securely as if with a yoke; bind 4. to force into heavy labor, bondage, or subjugation

harness 마구; 장치, 장비; 직무 sunder, asunder ↔ combine, yoke, bond sunder 분리/절단하다 to break or wrench apart; sever asunder 조각조각으로; 뿔뿔이, 산산이 sever 절단/분리하다

yokel [jóuk-əl] n. 시골뜨기 : a rustic; a bumpkin bumpkin an awkward, unsophisticated person; a yokel

yokel : sophistication :: coward : courage

Z zaniness [zéininis] n. 익살/어릿광

zany : 1. Ludicrously comical; clownish. 2. Comical because of incongruity or strangeness; bizarre.

zaniness ↔ gravity

zeal [ziːl] n. 열정 : enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and

tireless diligence in its furtherance * zealot n. 광신자, 열광자

devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B) fastidious 까다로운; 세심한 주의가 필요한

zealot : passionate :: scrutinizer : observing fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift fervor 열정, 열렬 great warmth and intensity of emotion

providence 선견지명; 검소, 절약 miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (A ↔ B) munificent 아낌없이 주는, 후한 blase [bla:zéi] 싫증난, 물린; 무관심한

zealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest (형 : 명) mesmerism 유혹; 최면(술)

zeal : dedicate :: rage : anger fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B) fanatic 광신자

zealous : enthusiastic :: idolatrous : devoted idolatrous 우상 숭배의; 맹신하는

torpor ↔ zeal torpor 마비, 무감각, 무관심

zealotry ↔ lack of fervor vapid ↔ zealous vapid 지루한, 재미없는; 김빠진

zealot ↔ indifference, indifferent person, skeptic skeptic 회의론자

zealous [zéininis] a. 열심인, 열광적인(ardent, fervent) : filled with or motivated by zeal; fervent

zealous ↔ apathetic, apathetical

zenith n. 천정; 정상, 절정, 극치 1. the point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the

observer 2. the upper region of the sky 3. the highest point above the observer's horizon attained by

a celestial body 4. the point of culmination; the peak

zenith ↔ lowest point, nadir, lowliness, lack of fervor

zest [zest] n. 흥미 : RELISH, GUSTO 1. a. flavor or interest; piquancy b. the outermost part of the

rind of an orange or a lemon, used as flavoring 2. spirited enjoyment; gusto

gusto 취미, 즐김; 기쁨; 기품 zest ↔ vapidity zesty ↔ vapid, bland, insipid

zig [zig] 갑자기 방향을 바꾸다, 정처없이 움직이다 1. to turn or change direction suddenly. Usually used in

contrast to zag 2. to behave erratically or indecisively. Usually used with zag

zig ↔ lineation

zigzag [zígzæ g] n. 지그재그형 zigzag : turns :: montage : images montage 여러 개의 사진이나 그림을 결합하여 하나의 사진이나 그

림을 만드는 기법 zigzag ↔ lineate

zone [zoun] vi. 구획하다 zoning : lands :: allocation : funds zone ↔ amalgamate