Bibliography

Behring, Emil. "Uber Iodoform und Iodoformwirkung." Deutsche med. Wochenschrift 8, 146-148 (1882).

Behring, Emil and Kitasato, Shibasaburo. "Uber das Zustandekommen der Diphterie-Immunitat und der Tetanus-Immunitat bei Tieren." Deutsche med. Wochenschrift 16, 113-114(1890).

Behring, Emil. "Untersuchungen iiber das Zustandekommen der Diphterie-Immunitat bei Tieren." Deutsche med. Wochenschrift 16, 1145-1148 (1890).

Behring, Emil. Tuberkulosebekdmpfung (Marburg, 1903). Behring, Emil. "Uber ein neues Diphterieschutzmittel." Deutsche med. Wochenschrift 39,

873-876 (1913). Ehrlich, Paul. Beitrdge zur Theorie und Praxis der histologischen Fdrbung (Inaug. dissert.,

Leipzig University, 1878). Ehrlich, Paul. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber Immunitat. I. Uber Ricin. II. Uber

Abrin." Deutsche med. Wochenschrift 17, 976-979, 1218-1219 (1891). Ehrlich, Paul. "Die Wertbemessung des Diphterieheilserums und deren theoretische

Grundlagen." Klinische Jahrbuch 6, 299-326 (1897). Ehrlich, Paul. "On Immunity, With Special Reference to Cell Life." Proc. Royal Soc. 66,

424-448 (1900). Ehrlich, Paul. "Die Behandlung der Syphilis mit dem Ehrlichschen Praparat 606." Deutsche

med. Wochenschrift 36, 1893-1896(1910). Ehrlich, Paul. "Die Salvarsantherapie. Riickblicke und Ausblicke." Munchener med.

Wochenschrift 58, 1-10 (1911). Greuling, Walter. Paul Ehrlich. Leben und Werk (Econ-Verlag, Diisseldorf, 1954). Kathe, Johannes. Robert Koch und sein Werk (Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1961). Koch, Robert. "Die Aetiologie der Milzbrand-Krankheit, begriindet auf die

Entwicklungsgeschichte des Bacillus Antracis." Beitrdge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 2, 277-311 (1876).

Koch, Robert. "Verfahren zur Untersuchung, zum konservieren und photographieren der Bakterien." Beitrdge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 2, 399-434 (1877).

Koch, Robert. "Zur Untersuchung von pathogenen Organismen." Mitteilung aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamt 1, 1-48 (1881).

Koch, Robert. "Die Aetiologie der Tuberculose." Berliner klinische Wochenschrift 19, 221-230 (1882).

Koch, Robert. "Weitere Mitteilungen iiber ein Heilmittel gegen Tuberculose." Deutsche med. Wochenschrift 16, 1029-1032 (1890).

Koch, Robert. "Cholera-Berichte aus Egypten und Indien." Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift fur bffentliche Gesundheitspflege 16, 493-515 (1884).

Koch, Robert. "The Fight Against Tuberculosis in the Light of Experience Gained in the Successful Combat of Other Infectious Diseases." Br. Med. J. 2, 189-193 (1901).

173

Pio

neer

s of

Mic

robi

olog

y an

d th

e N

obel

Pri

ze D

ownl

oade

d fr

om w

ww

.wor

ldsc

ient

ific

.com

by U

NIV

ER

SIT

Y O

F B

IRM

ING

HA

M L

IBR

AR

Y -

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N S

ER

VIC

ES

on 0

8/28

/14.

For

per

sona

l use

onl

y.

174 Pioneers of Microbiology and the Nobel Prize

Metchnikoff, Elie. Lecons sur lapathologie comparee de I'inflammation (Institut Pasteur, 1892).

Metchnikoff, Elie. L'immunite dans les maladies infectieuses (Institut Pasteur, 1901). Metchnikoff, Olga. Life of Elie Metchnikoff (Constable & Co, London, 1921). Mollers, Bernhard. Robert Koch. Personlichkeit und Lebenswerk (Schmorl und von Seefeld

Nachf., Hannover, 1950). Schiick, Henrik; Sohlman, Ragnar; Osterling, Anders; Liljestrand, Goran; Westgren, Arne;

Siegbahn, Manne; and Schou, August. Nobel, The Man and His Prizes (The Nobel Foundation, Ed., Stockholm, 1950).

Zeiss, H. and Bieling, R. Behring — Gestalt und Werk (Bruno Schultz Verlag, Berlin-Grunewald, 1940).

Pio

neer

s of

Mic

robi

olog

y an

d th

e N

obel

Pri

ze D

ownl

oade

d fr

om w

ww

.wor

ldsc

ient

ific

.com

by U

NIV

ER

SIT

Y O

F B

IRM

ING

HA

M L

IBR

AR

Y -

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N S

ER

VIC

ES

on 0

8/28

/14.

For

per

sona

l use

onl

y.

Index

abrin 95, 115, 155 Academy of Sciences 143 acid 41, 52, 53, 89, 105, 119, 120,

157-159, 162 Almquist, Ernst 143, 145, 149-155, 158,

161, 165 Althoff, Friedrich 97, 99, 102, 103,

116, 117 "amboceptor" 157 anthrax 43, 63, 64, 67-69, 93, 151 antibody 91, 95, 97, 101, 115, 117, 127,

134-136, 143, 145, 155, 157-159, 161, 162, 170

antigen 115, 155, 157-159, 161, 162 antigen-antibody 164, 165 antisepsis 53, 55, 56 antiserum 99-101 antitoxin 95, 99-104, 115, 117, 155, 157,

159, 162 Arrhenius, Svante 115, 155, 157-159,

162, 164 aseptic 46, 56 atoxyl 79,82, 119, 120 attenuated 43, 45, 68, 69, 101 Avicenna 44

Bang, Bernhard 145, 149 base 157-159, 162 Behring, Emil von vii, 65, 72, 75, 81, 83,

87, 89, 91, 95, 97, 99-106, 108, 111, 115, 116, 121-124, 127, 134, 135, 143, 145, 149-151, 154, 155, 170

Bergmann, Ernst von 74, 76, 97 Bernard, Claude 9, 18, 19, 21, 23, 55 Bertheim, Alfred 119,123 Bichat, Marie Francois Xavier 7, 9, 11, 14 Billroth, Theodor 55-57, 65 blood sugar 19 blood vessel 19, 23 body fluid ix, 3, 7, 24, 31, 34, 52, 127, 135 Bologna, university of ix Bordet, Jules 134, 135, 155, 165 Bordeu, Theophile de 5, 9 Brahms, Johannes 57, 58

Brown, Robert 13 bubonic plague 31, 78, 82

carbohydrate, absorption of 19 carbolic acid (phenol) 52, 53, 89 cell ix, 13, 14,21, 113, 115, 132, 133,

157, 167 nucleus 13

Charite Hospital 11, 13, 67, 103, 114 Charkov 127, 129 chemical affinity 114, 115, 170 chemotherapy 113,117,122,170 cholera 35, 37, 64, 69, 74, 79, 1 52

vibrio 73 vibrion 134, 135

Clausthal 61, 63, 77 Coccobacteria septica 56, 65 Cohn, Ferdinand 64, 65, 67, 68, 113, 129 Cohnheim, Julius 14, 65, 67, 71, 113,

127, 133 complement 135 constitutio morborum 34 contagion 31, 50 contagium 31, 33, 37 cowpox 25, 27 culture, bacterial 42, 67, 72, 73

Daphnia 132 Davaine, Casimir Joseph 63, 64 Desault, Pierre 7, 9 diphteria 69, 91, 93, 97, 100, 102-104,

145, 150, 155 antitoxin 115 toxin 95, 101, 157

dyscrasia 71

effluvium 34 Ehrlich, Paul vii, 65, 71, 72, 76, 81, 83, 95,

97, 107, 111, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119-124, 127, 135, 136, 143, 155, 157-159, 161-164, 167-170

Ehrlich, Rosa 111, 113 embryology 130, 131 Emmerich, Rudolf 74, 133

175

Pio

neer

s of

Mic

robi

olog

y an

d th

e N

obel

Pri

ze D

ownl

oade

d fr

om w

ww

.wor

ldsc

ient

ific

.com

by U

NIV

ER

SIT

Y O

F B

IRM

ING

HA

M L

IBR

AR

Y -

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N S

ER

VIC

ES

on 0

8/28

/14.

For

per

sona

l use

onl

y.

176 Pioneers of Microbiology and the Nobel Prize

energy, conservation of 22 energy metabolism 19 epidemic 24,31,34,74,102,152 evaluation 151, 155, 165 expectoration 105, 114, 151

fat, absorption of 19 Finsen, Niels 150 First World War 77, 100-102, 107,

124, 137 Fracastoro, Girolamo 31, 33, 44, 71, 119 fracture 52, 53, 107 Frerichs, Friedrich von 114 Friedrich Wilhelm Institute 11, 21, 87, 89

Gaffky, Georg 67, 75 Galen ix, 16, 23, 31, 71 Georg-Speyer-Haus 119, 121, 123 German Academy of Sciences 79, 80, 84 German Imperial Department of Health 74 Gossler, Gustav von 76 growth (of bacteria) 43, 45, 67, 68, 73

"haptophore" 157 Harvey, William ix, 18, 19 Hata, Sahachiro 120 Hebra, Ferdinand von 47, 49, 50 Helmholtz, Hermann von 21-23, 87 Henle, Jakob 33, 61, 64, 67 Hippocrates ix, 3, 23, 31, 34 Hippocratic medicine 95 Hochst Company 97, 100, 104, 120-123 Holmes, Oliver Wendell 46 hygiene 37, 75, 100, 102, 103, 152

immunization 69, 97, 101, 102, 104, 117, 145, 155

active 95,101,102,115,116,155 immune-sera 93 immunity 24, 43, 44, 78, 93, 100,

127, 133, 136, 155, 165, 167 passive 95, 101, 115, 155

immunology 42, 44, 45, 104, 134-136, 158, 161, 164, 167

Imperial Ministry of Health 67 infectious disease 16, 31, 33, 69, 71, 83,

89, 137

Institut Pasteur 44 Institute for Experimental Therapy 117 Institute for Infectious Diseases 75, 76, 82,

99, 102, 106, 116 Institute for Serum Research and

Testing 117 iodoform 89

Jenner, Edward 25, 27, 43, 104 Johansson, Johan Erik 161-164,169

Kalmuck 131 Karolinska Institutet vii, 141, 143, 153,

158, 159, 163, 168 Kitasato, Shibasaburo 75, 78, 93, 95, 100,

143, 145 Klein, Johann 47, 49 Koch, Emmy 63, 77 Koch, Gertrud 81, 82 Koch, Hedwig 77-79,81,83 Koch, Robert vii, 61, 63, 65, 67-69, 71-77,

79-83, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 102, 104-107, 111, 113, 116, 117, 119, 121, 124, 127, 134, 135, 143, 145, 150-154, 170

Kolletschka, Jakob 47, 50 Kossel, Hermann 99 Kovalevsky, Alexander 130

Laennec, Rene Theophile Hyacinthe 71, 72 Laveran, Alphonse 37, 78 Leipolz, the Reverend 87 leucocyte 133, 135, 167 Lister, Joseph 45, 50, 52, 55, 56, 65, 72 Loeffler, Friedrich 67, 72, 91

Magendie, Francois 18, 19 Magnus, Georg 107, 108 malaria 34, 35, 37, 78, 79, 83, 119,

151, 152 Malpighi, Marcello 3, 13, 19 Manson, Patrick 37 Marburg 100, 102, 103, 106, 116 mass action 159, 161 Melun 43 memo 145, 149, 151-155, 158, 159,

161-163, 165, 167

Pio

neer

s of

Mic

robi

olog

y an

d th

e N

obel

Pri

ze D

ownl

oade

d fr

om w

ww

.wor

ldsc

ient

ific

.com

by U

NIV

ER

SIT

Y O

F B

IRM

ING

HA

M L

IBR

AR

Y -

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N S

ER

VIC

ES

on 0

8/28

/14.

For

per

sona

l use

onl

y.

Index 111

Messina 132 Metchnikoff, Elie vii, 95, 99, 100, 103,

107, 120, 127, 129-137, 143, 151, 155, 164, 165, 167, 168, 171

Metchnikoff, Emilia 127, 129 Metchnikoff, Ilia Ivanovitch 127 Metchnikoff, Ludmilla Federovna 130 Metchnikoff, Olga 131-134,137 miasma 31,34,35,37,50,74 microbiology vii, 33, 39, 41, 42, 45, 61,

127, 133, 169, 170 microscope 9, 13, 14, 39, 129, 131 "milieu interieur" 21 Moabit Hospital 75, 116 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley 24 Montpellier, university of ix, 5, 9 morbidity 47, 101 Morgagni, Giovanni Battista 3, 5, 7, 11 Morner, Karl A. H. 143, 150, 154, 158,

162, 165 mortality 24, 25, 35, 45^7 , 49, 53, 56, 74,

95,99 mosquito 34, 37, 39, 78, 83, 149 Muller, Johannes 11, 13, 21, 56

Nageli, Karl von 63-65 neosalvarsan 123 New Guinea 78 Nobel, Alfred 141, 143, 168, 169, 171 Nobel Committee (medical) 136, 152, 158 Nobel Foundation (Charter of; 143, 154 Nobel Prize vii, 37, 80, 103, 123, 134, 141,

143, 145, 150-155, 158, 159, 161-165, 167-170

Nobel's will 141, 143, 149, 168 nomination 143, 150, 151, 154, 165

Odessa 130, 131, 133 ophthalmoscope 22 opsonin 164, 167 organic chemistry 113,162 orthobiosis 136, 137

Paracelsus 117 paratyphoid 132 Pasteur Institute 37, 78, 95, 99, 103, 107,

120, 132, 137

Pasteur, Louis 41-45, 52, 55, 61, 63, 68, 69, 73, 78, 83, 99, 133, 134, 150

pathology 3, 5, 9, 11, 14, 16, 133, 169 cellular 9, 95, 127 pathological 13 pathologist 113, 133

Pettenkofer, Max von 74, 135 Pettersson, Alfred 154, 167 Pfeiffer, Richard 134, 135, 165 phagocytosis 133-135, 143, 165, 171

phagocyte 167 phenol (carbolic acid) 56 physiology vii, ix, 11, 16, 18, 21, 23, 37,

72, 80, 141, 161, 169 piroplasma 79 postulates (Koch's) 67, 72 protozoa 119 Prussia 14, 21, 42, 46, 55, 69, 76, 87, 97,

116, 124 puerperal fever 46, 47, 49, 50 Purkinje, Johannes Evangelista 14

quinine 78, 79, 83

rabies 43, 44, 133 racemic crystals 41 recurrent fever 64 Reed, Walter 37 relapsing fever 120, 121, 132 Rhazes 24, 44 ricin 95, 115, 155 rinderpest 78 Rokitansky, Karl von 11, 47, 49 Ross, Ronald 37, 78, 149-151 Roux, Emile 91, 95, 97, 99, 103, 107, 120,

134, 136, 137, 145, 165 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 141

Salerno, medical school ix salvarsan (preparation 606) 120-124,

136, 170 Schaudinn, Fritz 119, 120 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm 5, 7 Schleiden, Matthias 13, 14 Schflnlein, Johann Lucas 11,56 Schwann, Theodor 14 seminaria contagiosa 33

Pio

neer

s of

Mic

robi

olog

y an

d th

e N

obel

Pri

ze D

ownl

oade

d fr

om w

ww

.wor

ldsc

ient

ific

.com

by U

NIV

ER

SIT

Y O

F B

IRM

ING

HA

M L

IBR

AR

Y -

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N S

ER

VIC

ES

on 0

8/28

/14.

For

per

sona

l use

onl

y.

178 Pioneers of Microbiology and the Nobel Prize

Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 47, 49, 50, 55 Serum Institute 115, 117 serum therapy 95, 115, 116, 145, 150, 155 Sewall, Henry 91 Shiga, Kiyoshi 119 side-chain theory 115, 116, 155, 158, 159,

161-163 silkworm 42 Simpson, Sir James 53 Skoda, Josef 47, 49 sleeping sickness 79, 82, 120 smallpox 24, 25, 27, 44, 104, 119, 155 Snow, John 35, 37, 74 Sohlman, Ragnar 141,143 Spallanzani, Lazaro 39, 41 spore 64,68,132,133 staining 65,71,113,114,116 starfish larvae 132, 133 Sundberg, Carl 143, 145, 149-151, 154,

155, 158, 159, 162, 163, 165, 167 surgery 45, 52, 55-58 surgical fever 45, 46, 50, 52 Swedish Academy 141,143 Syme, James 52, 53 syphilis 31, 33, 119-122, 136

tetanus 91,93,100,101,103,157 antitoxin 102 tetanolysin 157 toxin 95

Thuillier, Louis 73 toxin 91, 93, 97, 101, 102, 115, 155, 158,

159, 162

Treponema pallidum 120 trypanosome 79, 82, 119, 120 tsetse fly 79, 83 tuberculosis 33, 69, 71, 72, 75, 84, 91, 103,

105, 106, 115, 116, 130, 145, 150-154, 170

bovine 72, 81, 105, 152, 153 toxin 104 tubercle bacilli 153 tuberculin 76, 77, 80, 81, 83, 103,

104, 116, 145, 151, 154, 170 vaccine 107

typhoid fever 79,151,152 typhus fever 13, 16, 64

vaccination 27, 43, 44, 68, 69, 116, 134, 135

vaccine 45,91,101,102,106,133 Valsalva, Antonio 3 variolation 25, 27 Vesalius, Andreas ix Vibrio cholerae (comma bacterium) 73-75 Villemin, Jean Antoine 71 Virchow, Rudolf 11, 14, 16, 21, 56, 65, 72,

74, 76, 77, 80, 87, 93, 103, 127, 133 vitalism 5,9,21,22,155

Wassmann, Karl 122 Weigert, Carl 65,113 Wernicke, Fritz 97

yellow fever 37, 39 Yersin, Alexandre 78, 91

Pio

neer

s of

Mic

robi

olog

y an

d th

e N

obel

Pri

ze D

ownl

oade

d fr

om w

ww

.wor

ldsc

ient

ific

.com

by U

NIV

ER

SIT

Y O

F B

IRM

ING

HA

M L

IBR

AR

Y -

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N S

ER

VIC

ES

on 0

8/28

/14.

For

per

sona

l use

onl

y.