Einberufung und Ablauf des Parliament

MAGNA CARTA MODEL PARLIAMENT

Was bedeutet Parliament?

Wie und warum entwickelt sich ein Parliament in England?

Wer nimmt daran teil?

MAGNA CARTA 1215

MAGNA CARTA14) To obtain the general consent of the realm for the assessment of an 'aid' - except in the three cases specified above - or a 'scutage', we will cause the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons to be summoned individually by letter. To those who hold lands directly of us we will cause a general summons to be issued, through the sheriffs and other officials, to come together on a fixed day (of which at least forty days notice shall be given) and at a fixed place. In all letters of summons, the cause of the summons will be stated. When a summons has been issued, the business appointed for the day shall go forward in accordance with the resolution of those present, even if not all those who were summoned have appeared.

http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/translation/mc_trans.html

King Henry III 1216-1272

MAGNA CARTA14) To obtain the general consent of the realm for the assessment of an 'aid' - except in the three cases specified above - or a 'scutage', we will cause the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons to be summoned individually by letter. To those who hold lands directly of us we will cause a general summons to be issued, through the sheriffs and other officials, to come together on a fixed day (of which at least forty days notice shall be given) and at a fixed place. In all letters of summons, the cause of the summons will be stated. When a summons has been issued, the business appointed for the day shall go forward in accordance with the resolution of those present, even if not all those who were summoned have appeared.

http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/translation/mc_trans.html

Fleta, Ende 13. Jahrhundert

The king has his court in his council in his parliaments when prelates, earls, barons,

magnates and others learned in the law are present. And doubts are determined there regarding judgements, new remedies are

devised for wrongs newly brought to light, and there also justice is dispensed to everyone according to his deserts.

Westminster 1234

Archbishop of Canterbury

10 Bischfe

10 Earls

22 Barons mit Simon de Montfort als Sprecher

Justiziare und Beamte

Westminster 1254

niederer Klerus

2 knights from every shire

zustzliche nuncii

Provisions of Oxford 1258

Let it be remembered that there are to be three parliaments a year: the first at the Octave of

Michaelmas (6 October), the second on the Morrow of Candlemas (3 February) and the third on the first day

of June.

Sayles, George Osborne, Theking's parliament of England. London 1975.

Simon de Montfort 1265

King Edward I 1274-1307

Model Parliament 1295

WritsEdward, by God's grace king of England, lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitaine, to the sheriff of Kent, greeting. We order you, as we have previously ordered you, to collect from the community of the said county, both within liberties and without, for our beloved and faithful Walter de Thorne, knight, who lately by our command, came on behalf of the community to our Parliament at York at Easter day in the twelfth year of our reign to be held for the space on one month, to deliberate with us on various matters especially concerning us and the state of our kingdom, his reasonable expenses for coming to us at our said Parliament, staying there for twenty four days then following, that is 4s per day, and returning home from there, as has customarily been done on other similar occasions. Witnessed by myself at Westminster 8th day of November the fourteenth year of our reign (1320).

Origins and growth of parliament, in: The National Archives (URL:http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/citizen_subject/origins.htm#top, letzter Zugriff 21. Januar 2014).

These 1

Das Parlament institutionalisierte den Rat am Knigshof und stellte die Monarchie nicht in Frage.

These 2

Das Parliament entsteht aus dem Verhltnis zwischen Baronen und Knig. Es ist ein Machtinstrument, das einem schwachen Knig aufgezwungen wurde, einem starken Monarchen aber (finanzielle) Vorteile verschaffen kann.

Bildquellen

http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/magna_main.html

http://www.wooliebackcollectables.com/ekmps/shops/mammoth/images/gb-1965-sg663-6d-simon-de-montfort-s-seal-vfu-30410-p.jpg

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/citizen_subject/docs/payment_expenses.htm

BibliographieMaurer, Michael, Kleine Geschichte Englands. Stuttgart 2007. !Sayles, George Osborne, Theking's parliament of England. London 1975. !The English parliament in the Middle Ages, hg. von Richard Gareth Davies, Manchester 1981. !Origins and growth of parliament, in: The National Archives (URL:http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/citizen_subject/origins.htm#top, letzter Zugriff 21. Januar 2014). Parliaments and representative assemblies, Robin LindsayStorey, in: LexMA Vol. 6, col. 1722-25. !Model Parliament, Michael CharlesPrestwich, in: LexMA Vol. 6, col. 708. !

Good Parliament 1376, Anthony Tuck, in: LexMA Vol. 4, col. 1560.Treasures in Full. Magna Carta, in: British Library (URL:http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta, letzter Zugriff 21. Januar 2014). !Provisions of Oxford, in: Britannica Online (URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/436473/Provisions-of-Oxford, letzter Zugriff21. Januar 2014). !Writ, in: Britannica Online (URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/649648/writ,letzter Zugriff21. Januar 2014). !Parliament, in: Britannica Online (URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/444244/Parliament, letzter Zugriff21. Januar 2014). !Edward I., in: Britannica Onlinehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/179623/Edward-I/2023/Accession-and-character, letzter Zugriff21. Januar 2014).