Kosmogonie in the Middle Ages

and in Modern Physics

Michael Kobel Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik

Technische Universität Dresden

Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachrichtung Physik

Workshop on Transmission of InformationDresden 18.6.2013

Michael Kobel

Cosmology and Human Curiosity

Camille Flammarion (1842-1925), Astronomer• Wrote about 50 popular books or manuscripts,

starting as 16-year old with a 500 page „Cosmologie Universelle“

• 1880: Yes, indeed, if humankind — from humble farmers in the fields and toiling workers in the cities to teachers, people of independent means, those who have reached the pinnacle of fame or fortune, even the most frivolous of society women — If they knew what profound inner pleasure await those who gaze at the heavens, then France, nay, the whole of Europe, would be covered with telescopes instead of bayonets, thereby promoting universal happiness and peace."

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Illustration in „L'Atmosphère. Météorologie populaire “ (Paris, 1888): „Un missionnaire du moyen âge raconte qu'il avait trouvé le point où le ciel et la

terre se touchent ...  “  

Today‘s View of the History of the Universe

Time afterBig Bang

today

13.8 Billionyears

Energy =Temperature 1 TeV 150 MeV 1 eV 1 meV 0,25 meV1013 TeV

Energy of CERN’s LHC Collider 3

BigBang

Stars form

1 Billion years

Atoms form

376 000years

0,1MeV

Forces have separated

10-10 s10-35 s

Inflationary Expansion

Nuclei form

3 min

Protons and Neutrons form

10-5 s

Michael Kobel

1. EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE2. Higgs-Field and Higgs-Particles: why and how3. Cosmic Microwave Radiation: The Sound of the Universe

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THREE EXAMPLES FROM COSMOLOGY

Michael Kobel

Standard model of cosmology

Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (1920-1930)• Georges Lemaître (1894-1966)

Expansion of the universe:

• Few variables Size a + its chance with time Density r + its change with time Pressure p natural scale parameters G,c,L

Hubble: Measurement of Expansion 1929• Distant objects

move away faster(today‘ s plot)

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Abbé G. Lemaître

(1894 - 1966)

Albert Einstein(1879 - 1955)

http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/24682/der_priester_mit_dem_urknall.html

Michael Kobel

Transmission of information

2-dim model of expansion(C.H.Lineweaver,T.M.Davis, Scientific American, March 2005)

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Michael Kobel

1. expansion of the Universe2. HIGGS-FIELD AND HIGGS-

PARTICLES: WHY AND HOW3. Cosmic Microwave Radiation: The Sound of the Universe

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THREE EXAMPLES FROM COSMOLOGY

Michael Kobel

Symmetry and Mass

Solution: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (Nambu 1960)happening 10-12 sec after Big Bang• Gives mass to force carriers (W und Z)

Brout&Englert, Higgs, Hagen&Guralnik&Kibble (1964)• Can give mass also to all other particles

Weinberg (1967), Salam(1967)

(GeV) Experim. Theorie

mW 80.4 0mZ 91.2 0mt 173.2 0mb 4.2 0… 0me 0.000511 0… 0

Symmetries of Electromagnetic and Strong Interactions require massless force carriers allow particle masses (identical in symmetry multiplet)

Symmetry of Weak InteractionRequires massless force carriersRequires in addition most other particles massless

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Michael Kobel

Popular analogy: A party (David Miller, UCL)

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More:http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2013/05/basics-higgs-boson http://www.youtube.com/user/minutephysicshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASRpIym_jFM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqAWqwh3Etw

INTERNATIONAL MASTERCLASSES(CENTRALLY ORGANIZED IN DRESDEN FOR IPPOG)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Participants

020406080

100120140160

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Institutes US program

Public Measurement of Higgs particles with real CERN DataCERN Masterclasses

: New in 2013www.physicsmasterclasses.orgwww.teilchenwelt.de

Michael Kobel

1. Expansion of the Universe2. Higgs-Field and Higgs-Particles: why and how3. COSMIC MICROWAVE RADIATION:

THE SOUND OF THE UNIVERSE

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THREE EXAMPLES FROM COSMOLOGY

Michael Kobel

The Cosmic Microwave background

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Acustic Analogy: overtones of instruments

Michael Kobel

Analysis of Overtones

Scientific Planck Satellite results, March 2013http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=51551

Tools for the Public to reproduce this sound by changing the composition of the universeand more educational resources• http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/camb_tool • http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/edresources1.html

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Michael Kobel

Transmission of Information

Levels of information1. Scientific publication level

Equations, images, diagrams, all mostly for specialists2. Undergraduate level

Fully quantitative, equations for simplified situations 3. „Scientific American“ level

Semi-quantitative, Simple Diagrams, Scientific analogies4. Public level

Not quantitative, (too?) simple analogies, few/no diagrams5. Unscientific level

Esoteric, biased, often hostile to science

How to avoid the danger of Information loss• Adjust to the target audience• Use images which emphasise most relevant information• Chose analogies from everyday life; don‘ t hide their limitations• Let audience become active themselves: Confucius (551 BC - 479):

"I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand."

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