Download pdf - Leseprobe aus: "Troubadourdichtung" von Christine Felbeck, Johannes Kramer

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Dck Dk{tvfmk Jhtcejhlbcblcetmk` qkrzkcfmjkt dckvk ^{blc`htcej cj dkr Dk{tvfmkj Jhtcejhl)

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qkracli{jgkj {jd dck Kcjv~kcfmkr{jg {jd Qkrhrbkct{jg cj klk`trejcvfmkj Vsvtkikj*Gkdr{f`t h{a fmlerarkc gkblkcfmtki {jd vä{rkarkcki Wkr`dr{f`~h~ckr*

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Qerwert

Dck Gkvfmcfmtk dkr Reihjcvtc` bkgcjjt bk`hjjtlcfm ict dkr Bkvfmäatcg{jgict hlt~reqkjzhlcvfmkj Tk}tkj? Dck krvtkj A{jdhikjtk dkr jk{kj Wcvvkj)vfmhat whrkj aür Arhjçecv Rhsje{hrd -8=28#, aür H{g{vt Wclmkli qejVfmlkgkl -8=8=%8378# {jd aür Arckdrcfm Dckz -8==2%8==6# dck Lckbkvgkdcfmtkdkr Tre{bhde{rv, dck kv v~rhfmlcfm z{ kr`lärkj {jd lctkrhrcvfm z{ qkrertkjghlt* Dhv gkvhitk 83* Ohmrm{jdkrt whr qej kcjkr Bkgkcvtkr{jg aür dckvkGhtt{jg gk~rägt, ebweml vkmr bhld hltarhjzñvcvfmk Tk}tk, ikcvt dkr Ght)t{jg dkr fmhjvejv dk gkvtk hjgkmñrcg, kcjk ciikr vtär`kr wkrdkjdk @ej)

`{rrkjz dhrvtklltkj* [jtkr dkj Bkdcjg{jgkj dkv 83* Ohmrm{jdkrtv whr dhvqkrvtäjdlcfm? Dck Vt{dckrkjdkj brhfmtkj h{vgkzkcfmjktk Lhtkcj`kjjtjcvvkqei Gsijhvc{i ict cjv Vt{dc{i, {jd dh whr dhjj dhv Hltarhjzñvcvfmkkcjk ict dkj Ikfmhjcvikj dkr mcvtercvfm)qkrglkcfmkjdkj Grhiihtc` rklh)tcq lkcfmt z{ bkvfmrkcbkjdk _wcvfmkjvt{ak zwcvfmkj dki bk`hjjtkj Lhtkcj{jd dki kbkjahllv bk`hjjtkj Jk{arhjzñvcvfm* Dkr _kctgkcvt whr z{dkidki mkldcvfmkj Gkdhj`kjg{t dkr K~c` wkct gkwegkjkr hlv dkj Gkaümlvrk)g{jgkj dkr Lsrc`*

Ci 2>* Ohmrm{jdkrt cvt dck Bkvfmäatcg{jg ict dkj Tre{bhde{rv ci Vt{)dc{i dkr Reihjcvtc` {jd ahvt jefm ikmr ci arhjzñvcvfmkj Ahfmvt{dc{i

hj dkj Rhjd gkdräjgt werdkj? Dck Hltarhjzñvcvfm)@{rvk blckbkj hj qcklkj[jcqkrvctätkj kcj qej dkr Trhdctcej gkvtütztkr Tkcl dkr Vt{dckjgäjgk ictKcjüb{jg dkr mcvtercvfmkj V~rhfmwcvvkjvfmhat, ebweml vck qej dkj ikcv)tkj Vt{dckrkjdkj kmkr hlv lävtcgkv Übkl dkjj hlv ietcqckrkjdk Bkvfmäatc)g{jg ict dkr icttklhltkrlcfmkj K~efmk hjgkvkmkj w{rdkj* Dhv Hlt~reqkj)zhlcvfmk mcjgkgkj w{rdk ‖ wkjj übkrmh{~t ‖ z{ kcjkr Deiäjk aürV~kzchlcvtkj, ict dkr Jerihlvt{dckrkjdk `kcjk Bkrümr{jg ikmr mhttkj*Wkjj ihj vcfm übkrmh{~t aür ^reqkjzhlcvfm ‖ cj dkr iedkrjkrkj Tkric)jelegck E`zcthjcvfm ‖ cjtkrkvvckrtk, dhjj aür dck jk{zkctlcfmkj Krvfmkc)j{jgvaerikj dckvkr V~rhfmk {jd aür dck qkrvfmckdkjkj Qkrv{fmk, vckd{rfm Jerickr{jgkj lkbkjv`räatcg z{ mhltkj*

Cj dkj lktztkj Ohmrzkmjtkj cvt hbkr dck Hrt, wck ihj Hltarhjzñvcvfm hjdkj [jcqkrvctätkj bktrkcbt, z{jkmikjd hjhfmrejcvtcvfm gkwerdkj? DhvKrlkrjkj qei Lhtkcj h{v, ict Lh{trkgklj, dck dck Qkrwhjdl{jg kcjkv bk)vtciitkj lhtkcjcvfmkj Wertkv cj kcj bkvtciitkv hltarhjzñvcvfmkv Wertkr`lärkj, mht wkjcg Vcjj, wkjj ihj glkcfmzkctg cj kcjki Lhtkcj)Cjtkj)vcq`{rv vctzt* Mkrhjgkmkjvwkcvkj, dck qei Jk{arhjzñvcvfmkj rüf`wärtvz{i Hltarhjzñvcvfmkj gkmkj, mhbkj vcfm jefm jcfmt kthblckrt* Dkr Lctkrh)t{r`hjej bkwkgt vcfm wkctkr ci [iakld dkv Relhjdvlckdkv, dkr Ahblch{} {jd

dkr Lhcv dkr Ihrck dk Arhjfk* Dhvv ihj, wkjj ihj h{a dckvkj h{vgktrktk)



Qerwert QC

jkj Wkgkj wkctkrgkmt, weml `h{i Bkgkcvtkr{jg aür dhv Icttklhltkr cjArhj`rkcfm krwkf`kj `hjj, lckgt h{a dkr Mhjd*

Kcj jk{kr Hjvhtz bcktkt vcfm hlve hj* Aür dck Lctkrht{rgkvfmcfmtk vtklltemjk okdk Arhgk dck ~reqkjzhlcvfmk Dcfmt{jg kcjkj H{vghjgv~{j`t dhr,dkr aür kcjcgk Ohmrm{jdkrtk, tkclwkcvk bcv cj dck Gkgkjwhrt mcjkcj, dkjKjtwcf`l{jgvghjg dkr Lsrc` bkvtciit mht, veweml aerihl hlv h{fm cjmhlt)lcfm* Dckvk Bkebhfmt{jg gclt aür dhv Arhjzñvcvfmk, hbkr gkjh{ve aür dhvCthlckjcvfmk {jd dhv V~hjcvfmk, {jd h{fm Kjtwcf`l{jgkj cj Dk{tvfmlhjdvfmlckÕkj vcfm dcrk`t edkr cjdcrk`t hj ~reqkjzhlcvfmk Qerbcldkr hj* Aür dckVt{dckrkjdkj dkv Arhjzñvcvfmkj, dkv Cthlckjcvfmkj {jd dkv V~hjcvfmkj whr

okdefm ciikr dck v~rhfmlcfmk Gkvthlt dkr Tre{bhde{rgkdcfmtk kcjk Bhrrck)rk, hllkrdcjgv kmkr kcjk gkaümltk hlv kcjk thtväfmlcfmk* Cj dkr Tht, wkjj ihj

Hlt~reqkjzhlcvfm ve krlkrjt, wck ihj Hltarhjzñvcvfm z{ krlkrjkj gkwemjtcvt, dhjj vhgt ihj vcfm ict kcjcgki Rkfmt, dhvv dkr H{awhjd z{ mefm cvt,{i kcjcgk Gkdcfmtk bkvvkr bk{rtkclkj z{ `ñjjkj*

Kcjk hjdkrk Mkrhjgkmkjvwkcvk bcktkt vcfm hlve hj* Okdki, dkr kcjk re)ihjcvfmk V~rhfmk `hjj, cvt kcj bkvtciitkr ^rezkjtvhtz dkv Hlt~re)qkjzhlcvfmkj emjk Wkctkrkv qkrvtäjdlcfm, hbkr dhv rkcfmt jhtürlcfm jcfmt,{i kcj Gkdcfmt qkrvtkmkj edkr ghr cjtkr~rktckrkj z{ `ñjjkj* Wkjj ihj

okdefm jkbkj dkj Tk}t kcjk Übkrvktz{jg vtkllt, dck jcfmt, wck cj dkj ikcv)tkj Vhiil{jgkj bcvmkr, ~ektcvfmk Hjv~rüfmk kraüllkj wcll, vejdkrj kcjc)gkrihÕkj wñrtlcfm cvt, wkjj ihj kcjk arhjzñvcvfmk Qkrvcej bkcgcbt, dck h{a

dkr Kbkjk dkr V~rhfmqkrwhjdvfmhat kcjcgk _{gäjgk kriñglcfmt, wkjj ihjvhfmlcfm vfmwckrcgk Vtkllkj `{rz krlä{tkrt, dhjj cvt kv aür Vt{dckrkjdk emjkWkctkrkv iñglcfm, vcfm kcj kcgkjkv [rtkcl übkr dck ~reqkjzhlcvfmkj Bhvcv)tk}tk dkr k{re~äcvfmkj Lsrc` z{ bcldkj*

Wcr meaakj, dhvv {jvkrk Tk}th{vwhml, dck Vt{dckrkjdkj dkr reih)jcvtcvfmkj Aäfmkr Arhjzñvcvfm, Cthlckjcvfm {jd V~hjcvfm kcjkj dcrk`tkj_{ghjg z{ dkj wkvkjtlcfmkj _k{gjcvvkj dkr Tre{bhde{rdcfmt{jg bcktkjvell, kcjkj Hv~k`t dkr icttklhltkrlcfmkj Lctkrht{r aür dkj h`hdkicvfmkj[jtkrrcfmt h{abkrkctkt, dkr cj dkj lktztkj Ohmrzkmjtkj qkrjhfmlävvcgt w{r)dk* Ci _{gk dkr aläfmkjdkf`kjdkj Kcjaümr{jg dkr ied{lhrcvckrtkj Vt{)dckjgäjgk -Bhfmkler) {jd Ihvtkriedkll# bcktkt vcfm j{jikmr dck Iñglcfm)`kct, dck Icttklhltkrvt{dckj dhmcjgkmkjd z{ rkaerickrkj, dhvv dck ältkvtkqel`vv~rhfmlcfmk k{re~äcvfmk Lsrc` dkj cmr hjgkikvvkjkj ^lhtz cj dkrreihjcvtcvfmkj {jd èi~hrhtcvtcvfmkj H{vbcld{jg acjdkt*

Trckr, ci H{g{vt 2>>=Fmrcvtcjk Aklbkf` Oemhjjkv @rhikr



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C* KCJAÜMR[JG ]C8* WHV CVT LCKBK5 Dcv`{rvaerikj {jd Qervtkll{jgkj qej Lckbk

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7* DCK GHTT[JGKJ DKR TRE[BHDE[RDCFMT[JG LCCC=* _CKL DKV QERLCKGKJDKJ BHJDKV LQ

CC* HJTC@K LCKBKVDCFMT[JG 88* F* QHLKRC[V FHT[LL[V 2

8*8 Qcqhi{v, ikh Lkvbch, htx{k hiki{v -Fht* ;# 48*2 X{cjtch aerievh kvt i{ltcv* Icmc fhjdcdh, lejgh -Fht* =1# 18*6 Cllk ic ~hr kvvk dke qcdkt{r -Fht* ;8# =8*4 Lkvbch ic ~rhkvkjtk qcre ihlh ~l{rcih dcfct -Fht* =6# 8>

8*; Lkvbch ic dcfct vki~kr ihlk jkf thfkt {ix{hi -Fht* 32# 8>8*1 Edc kt hie* X{hrk cd ahfchi, aerthvvk rkx{crcv5 -Fht* =;# 8>8*7 Icvkr Fht{llk, dkvcjhv cjk~tcrk -Fht* =# 828*= Fhklc, Lkvbch jevtrh, Lkvbch cllh -Fht* ;=# 848*3 A{rc kt H{rklc, feictkv Fht{llc -Fht* 88# 81

CCC* TRE[BHDE[RDCFMT[JG 28>* HJEJSI[V 22

>*8 Kj {j qkrgckr vetz a{kllh d–hlbkv~c 24

8* KRVTK GKJKRHTCEJ -BCV 882;# 238*8 G[CLMKI DK ^KCTCK[ % WCLMKLI QEJ HX[CTHJCKJ 6>

8*8*8 Qcdh 628*8*2 Ahrhc {j qkrv, ~ev ic vejklm 648*8*6 Hb lh delfmer dkl tki~v jeqkl 448*8*4 êv dk fmhjthr i–kv ~rkv thlkjz 4=

2* _WKCTK GKJKRHTCEJ -882;)88;># ;62*8 FKRFHIEJ ;4

2*8*8 Qcdh ;;

2*8*2 Le ~lhcjg feikjz crhdhikj ;1



Cjmhltvqkrzkcfmjcv QCCC

2*2 OH[ARÃ R[DKL 122*2*8 Qcdh 1;2*2*2 Je vh~ fmhjthr x{c ve jej dc 112*2*6 X{hj le rc{v dk lh aejthjh 7>2*2*4 Lhjxhjd lc oerj vej lejf kj ihc 71

2*6 IHRFHBR[ =22*6*8 Qcdh C =42*6*2 Qcdh CC =;2*6*6 Dcrhc qev vkjkv d{~thjvh =12*6*4 L–h{trckr oevt–{jh vkbcvvh 342*6*; H lh aejthjh dkl qkrgckr 8>42*6*1 Hicfv Ihrfmhbr{j, fhr dcghi 8>=

6* DRCTTK GKJKRHTCEJ -88;>)887;# 88;6*8 BKRJHRT DK QKJTHDERJ 881

6*8*8 Qcdh C 88=6*8*2 Qcdh CC 82>6*8*6 Fhj qkc lh lh{zkth ieqkr 8246*8*4 Jej kv ikrhqklmh v–k{ fmhj 86>6*8*; Lejf tkiv h x{–k{ je fmhjtkc ihc 8616*8*1 Tkjvö kjtrk ^kcrk d–Hlqkrjmh k Bkrjhrt dk Qkjthderj 844

6*2

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8;>6*2*8 Qcdh 8;26*2*2 Revvcjmel, kl vk{ rk~hcrk Bkj mh tkjg{t drkg qchtgk 8;4

6*6 RHCIBH[T D–H[RKJGH 81>6*6*8 Qcdh 8126*6*2 Kr rkv~lhj lh alerv kjqkrvh 814

6*4 FEITKVVH DK DCH 81=6*4*8 Qcdh 8786*4*2 Kvtht hc kj grk{ fevvcrckr 8726*4*6 Hb oec kt hb oeqkj i–h~hcv 8716*4*4 H fmhjthr i–kr dk ve x–ck{ je qelrch 8=>

4* QCKRTK GKJKRHTCEJ -887;)82>># 8=;4*8 GCRH[T DK BERJKLM 8=1

4*8*8 Qcdh {jd rhzö 8==4*8*2 Vc {v x{kr fejvklm, bkl–hic–Hlhihjdh 83>

4*2 AELX[KT DK IHRVKLMH 8314*2*8 Qcdh 8374*2*2 Thjt i–hbkllcv l–hierev ~kvvhikjv 83=

4*6 BKRTRHJ DK BERJ 2>44*6*8 Qcdh C 2>1



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4*6*2 Qcdh CC 2>74*6*6 Bkl i–kv x{hj qkc fmhiohr le vkjmerhtgk 2>=

4*4 ^KCRK QCDHL 2844*4*8 Qcdh 2814*4*2 Hb l–hlkj tcr qhv ik l–hcrk 28=

;* AÜJATK GKJKRHTCEJ -82>>)822;# 226;*8 HRJH[T DHJCKL 224

;*8*8 Qcdh 221;*8*2 Le akri qelkr x–kl fer i–cjtrh 22=

;*2 RHCIBH[T DK QHX[KCRHV 262;*2*8 Qcdh 264

;*2*2 Deijh, thjt qev hc ~rkchdh 261;*2*6 Krhv x{hj qks qkrdkshr 241;*2*4 @hlkjdh ihch 2;>

1* VKFMVTK GKJKRHTCEJ -822;)82;># 2;71*8 FHVTKLLE_H 2;=

1*8*8 Qcdh 2;31*8*2 Ie{t hqktz ahcfm lejf kvthtgk 21>

7* VCKBTK GKJKRHTCEJ -JHFM 82;># 21;7*8 VERDKL 211

7*8*8 Qcdh 21=7*8*2 ^lhjmkr q{klm Kj Blhfhtz kj hx{kvt lk{gckr ve 27>

7*2 FKRQKRÉ DK GCREJH 2717*2*8 Fei kv th ihl kjvksjhdh 27=

7*6 G[CRH[T RCX[CKR 2=27*6*8 ^{v hvtrkv je i–kv dejhtz 2=47*6*2 Hd {j acj hihj aej dhtz 23>

CQ* K[RE^ÄCVFMK JHFMWCR@[JGKJ

DKR TRE[BHDE[RDCFMT[JG 23;>* KCJAÜMR[JG 2318* CTHLCKJ? GCHFEIE DH LKJTCJC 6>8

8*8 Ce i–hggce ~evte cj ferk h Dce vkrqcrk 6>22* V^HJCKJ? HLAEJVE ] KL VHBCE 6>4

2*8 Revh dhv revhv kt Arer dhv arerkv 6>16* DK[TVFMLHJD? EVWHLD QEJ WEL@KJVTKCJ 6>=

6*8 De arhcg hierv 68>4* ARHJ@RKCFM? LKV TRE[QKRKV 684

4*8 Fejej dk Bãtm{jk 6844*8*8 Hmc, Hie{rv( fei d{rk dk~hrtck 681



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4*8*2 Fk a{t l–h{trckr kj {j h{trk ~håv 62>4*2 Tmcbh{t CQ dk Fmhi~hgjk 62;

4*2*8 L–h{trckr ~hr lh ihtcjkk 621HJMHJG 6688* @[R_ÜBKRBLCF@ ÜBKR DCK GRHIIHTC@ DKV HLT^REQKJ_HLCVFMKJ 662

8*8 DCK AERIKJ DKV HRTC@KLV 6628*2 DCK DK@LCJHTCEJ DKR V[BVTHJTCQK 6648*6 DCK DK@LCJHTCEJ DKR HDOK@TCQK 6638*4 DCK DK@LCJHTCEJ DKR ^REJEICJH 6488*; DCK @EJO[GHTCEJ DKR QKRBKJ 64;

2* BCBLCEGRH^MCK 6;;2*8 TK]TH[VGHBKJ [JD ÜBKRVKT_[JGKJ 6;;2*8*8 Hjtmelegckj 6;;2*8*2 Tk}th{vghbkj z{ kcjzkljkj Tre{bhde{rv 6;1

2*2 VK@[JDÄRLCTKRHT[R 6;=2*6 WÑRTKRBÜFMKR [JD GRHIIHTC@KJ 616

2*6*8 Wñrtkrbüfmkr 6162*6*2 Grhiihtc`kj 616



Kcjaümr{jg



Mkrihjj @lkbkr? Whv cvt Lckbk5 ]CC

8* Whv cvt Lckbk5Dcv`{rvaerikj {jd Qervtkll{jgkj qej Lckbk ci Icttklhltkr

-Mkrihjj @lkbkr, Trckr#

Qerbkikr`{jgkj

Lckbk cvt j{r kcj Wert5

Ve lh{tkt kcj Reihjtctkl qej Oemhjjkv Ihrce Vciikl, hbkr emjk dhv Arhgk)zkcfmkj, dhv mckr dki Tctkl mcjz{gkaügt cvt* D{rfm dckvkv Arhgkzkcfmkj velldk{tlcfm wkrdkj, dhvv dkr Qkrahvvkr hjdkrkr H{aahvv{jg cvt, hlv kv dkr ha)acrihtcqk Tctkl dkv Reihjv jhmk lkgt, {jd kr meaat, dhvv vcfm dck Lkvkrcjjkj

{jd Lkvkr dkr aelgkjdkj H{vaümr{jgkj vkcjkr H{aahvv{jg hjvfmlckÕkj`ñjjkj* Vck w{rdkj krvtihlv hlv Qertrhg èjzc~ckrt, dkr ci Rhmikj dkrcjtkrdcvzc~lcjärkj Rcjgqerlkv{jg ‚Whv cvt ***5 Arhgkj hj dck Ikdcäqcvtc`“ci Veiikrvkikvtkr 2>>; hj dkr [jcqkrvctät Trckr gkmhltkj w{rdk* Aür dckH{ajhmik cj dckvkv Vt{dckjb{fm w{rdk dkr Qertrhgvvtcl wkctgkmkjd bkc)bkmhltkj vewck dck dhict qkrb{jdkjk dcdh`tcvfmk Rkd{`tcej dkv Vteaakv{jd vkcjkr Dhrvtkll{jg* Dck Dhrvtkll{jg dkr Dcv`{rvaerikj {jd Qervtkl)l{jgkj qej Lckbk ci Icttklhltkr cj cmrkr mcvtercvfmkj Bkdcjgtmkct vell hlvMcjaümr{jg z{ {jd hlv Bkz{gvrhmikj aür okjk Dcv`{rvaeri bzw* )aerikjübkr Lckbk dckjkj, dck cj dkj Lckdkrj {jd Lkbkjvbkvfmrkcb{jgkj dkr

Tre{bhde{rv qerlckgkj*

Okdkr `hjj ictrkdkj? Lckbk hlv èjvtct{tcqk Krahmr{jg ikjvfmlcfmkj Lk)bkjv

Bkc dki Tmkih ‚Lckbk“ `hjj kcgkjtlcfm okdkr ictrkdkj, dkr dkr V~rhfmkiäfmtcg cvt* Dkjj Lckbk gkmñrt z{ dkj arümkvtkj {jd èjvtct{tcqkj Krahm)r{jgkj ikjvfmlcfmkj Lkbkjv* Emjk Lckbk wärkj wcr jcfmt cjv Lkbkj gk)trktkj, jcfmt j{r wkgkj dkv _k{g{jgvh`tkv {jvkrkr Kltkrj, vejdkrj h{fmwkgkj dkr qej Hjahjg hj jetwkjdcgkj {ivergkjdkj Lckbk, emjk dck kcj

Vä{glcjg {jd @lkcj`cjd jcfmt übkrlkbkj `hjj* Lckbk bkglkctkt {jv jcfmt j{rhlv Wert d{rfm dhv Lkbkj qej dkr Wckgk bcv z{r Bhmrk {jd dhrübkr mcj)h{v, vejdkrj blkcbt hlv Krahmr{jg, tretz hllkr Qkräjdkr{jgkj, cmrkr qckl)aältcgkj Krvfmkcj{jgvaerikj {jd vklbvt cj cmrkj Gkgkjtkclkj, ciikr Bk)vthjdtkcl {jvkrkv Lkbkjv*

Dck Qcklaältcg`kct dkr Krahmr{jgkj {jd Bkjkjj{jgkj aür Lckbk

Dhmkr vtkmt cj dkr Rkgkl jcfmt dhv ^mäjeikj ‚Lckbk“ hlv velfmkv cj Arhgk,vejdkrj dck Qcklaältcg`kct dkr Krvfmkcj{jgvaerikj {jd ikmr jefm dck

Wcdkrv~rüfmlcfm`kct dkr Lckbkvkrahmr{jgkj, dck dkj _wkcakl jämrkj, ebihj dckvk Qcklahlt {jd Wcdkrv~rüfmlcfm`kct ict dkivklbkj Wert bkzkcfm)



Mkrihjj @lkbkr? Whv cvt Lckbk5 ]CCC

jkj dhra {jd eb dckvkv Wert h{a kcj {jd dckvklbk, z{vhiikjmäjgkjdkWcr`lcfm`kct qkrwkcvt*

Dkr V~rhfmgkbrh{fm ‖ jcfmt j{r dkr dk{tvfmk ‖ ihmjt z{r Qervcfmt*Wercj èiikj dck grckfmcvfmkj Bkgrcaak ãrev, örk}cv, ~mcléh, ~mélkvcv {jdhgh~ã übkrkcj, wercj dck lhtkcjcvfmkj Bkgrcaak hier, dclkftce, f{~cdcthv, hicfc)tch {jd fhrcthv, wercj dck qcklkj _{vhiikjvktz{jgkj, dck ihj ci Jk{)mefmdk{tvfmkj ict ‚Lckbk“ bcvmkr gkbcldkt mht {jd dkrkj Iñglcfm`kctkj`kcjkvwkgv h{vgkvfmñ~at vcjd* Cfm zämlk mckr j{r kcjcgk h{a, dkrkj Dcv~h)rhtmkct ‖ ve bcj cfm übkrzk{gt ‖ `kcjkr wkctkrkj Kr`lär{jg bkdhra? I{ttkr)lckbk, Br{dkrlckbk, Ghttkjlckbk % Kcgkjlckbk % O{gkjdlckbk % Gettkvlckbk % Qhtkrlhjdv)lckbk % Tckrlckbk % Haakjlckbk % Mhvvlckbk*

Cvt Lckbk wcr`lcfm ciikr dhv Glkcfmk mcjtkr hllkj cmrkj Krvfmkcj{jgv)

aerikj edkr vtktv Qkrvfmckdkjkv, dhv ihj h{fm qkrvfmckdkj bkjkjjt {jdbkjkjjkj velltk, {i Icvvqkrvtäjdjcvvk z{ qkrikcdkj5 Okihjdki ci Grck)fmcvfmkj `hlc örk}cv cj Lckbkvhjgklkgkjmkctkj z{ wüjvfmkj, würdk bkvtkj)ahllv [jqkrvtäjdjcv mkrqerr{akj, ebweml Lckbk h{fm hlv örk}cv kr`lärt wkr)dkj `hjj*

Dkr V~rhfmgkbrh{fm dcaakrkjzckrt jhfm dkr Qcklahlt dkr Krvfmkcj{jgkjqej Lckbk* Kr ~reqezckrt hbkr dhict h{fm wck dck Krvfmkcj{jgvqcklahltvklbvt ciikr wckdkr dck Arhgk jhfm dki Wkvkj dkr Lckbk {jd dck kjtv~rk)fmkjdkj Qkrv{fmk kcjkr Hjtwert* Hlv Bklkg aür dck Qcr{lkjz dckvkv ^re blkiv ihfmt kv z{jäfmvt `kcjkj [jtkrvfmckd, cj wklfmki Merczejt kv tmk)

ihtcvckrt wcrd? ci Merczejt rklcgcñvkr Krgrcaakjmkct wck bkc ^h{l{v ci 86*@h~ctkl dkv 8* @ercjtmkrbrckakv, ci Merczejt thtväfmlcfmkr edkr acjgckrtkrk}cvtkjtckllkr Bktreaakjmkct wck cj dkr Lctkrht{r edkr h{fm cj dkr ê~`{lt{rwck cj Jkjhv Lckd ‚Lckbk cvt***“ edkr vfmlckÕlcfm h{fm ci Merczejt wcvvkj)vfmhatlcfmkr Dcvthjzckrtmkct*

Vtkllkjwkrt {jd Kcjgrkjz{jg dkr Arhgk ‚Whv cvt Lckbk5“

Aür dckvk H{vaümr{jgkj rk`lhickrk cfm lktztkrkj {jd jkmik dhict kcjkkrvtk jetwkjdcgk ^räzcvckr{jg qer* Dkr Vfmwkr~{j`t dckvkr H{vaümr{jgkj

cvt dkr Lckbk cj dkr Lctkrht{r dkv Icttklhltkrv gkwcdikt, hbkr hlv wcvvkj)vfmhatlcfmkv Kr`kjjtjcvebok`t {jd gkrhdk jcfmt cj dki dkr Lctkrht{r kcgk)jkj Ied{v thtväfmlcfmkr edkr acjgckrtkr k}cvtkjtckllkr Bktreaakjmkct*

H{Õkrdki cvt kcjk zwkctk ^räzcvckr{jg edkr Kcjgrkjz{jg hjgkbrhfmt?[jvkr Tmkih cvt qerz{gvwkcvk okjk Hrt qej Lckbk, wck vck zwcvfmkj zwkcikjvfmlcfmkj Cjdcqcd{kj hlv kietcejhlk Hjzckm{jg bkvtkmt {jd dck z{)icjdkvt tkjdkjzckll h{fm Vk}{hlctät ci~lczckrt* _{ cmrkr Kcjerdj{jg cj dckQcklahlt qej Lckbkvkrahmr{jgkj {jd )bkgrcaakj wkrdkj hbkr h{fm dck hj)dkrkj Aerikj {jd Bkgrcaak qej Lckbk vewkct kraerdkrlcfm ictbkmhjdklt*8

8 Qgl* Hrtc`kl ‚Lckbk“, cj? Mcvtercvfmkv Wñrtkrb{fm dkr ^mcleve~mck, Bd* ;, 83=>, @el* 23>)62=0 Hrtc`kl ‚Lckbk“, cj? Lk}cèj dkv Icttklhltkrv, Bd* ;, 8338, @el* 8316)831=*



Mkrihjj @lkbkr? Whv cvt Lckbk5 ]CQ

Whv mht {jv dhv Icttklhltkr z{i Tmkih ‚Lckbk“ z{ vhgkj5

Dkr mcjtkrvcjjcgk Ikdcäqcvt {jd Vkicetc`kr [ibkrte Kfe vell ict Blcf` h{a

K{re~h {jd dkj wkvtlcfmkj @{lt{r`rkcv Aelgkjdkv übkr dhv Icttklhltkrgkvhgt mhbkj? Dhv Icttklhltkr cvt {jvkrk @cjdmkct {jd dck Wckgk {jvkrkrkcjgkvthjdkjkj {jd {jkcjgkvthjdkjkj Ebvkvvcejkj*2 Dki iñfmtk cfmjcfmtv mcjz{aügkj*

Dck Glckdkr{jg dkv Vteaakv

Dck aelgkjdkj H{vaümr{jgkj v`czzckrkj z{jäfmvt dhv hjtc`k {jd bcblcvfmkKrbk, dhv cj dkj Dcv`{rvaerikj {jd Qervtkll{jgkj qej Lckbk ci Icttklhl)tkr ciikr wckdkr h{ath{fmt {jd emjk dhv dck icttklhltkrlcfmkj H{v~rä)

g{jgkj jcfmt qkrvthjdkj wkrdkj `ñjjkj* Dhjhfm wkrdkj dck wcvvkj)vfmhatlcfmkj Dcv`{rvk dkv Icttklhltkrv übkr Lckbk z{vhiikjahvvkjd dhrgk)vtkllt hlv Mcjtkrgr{jd aür dck lctkrhrcvfmkj Dcv`{rvk, bkqer dckvk vklbvt cjcmrkr Qcklahlt {jd Qkrvfmckdkjmkct qergkvtkllt wkrdkj* Dkj Hbvfml{vv bcl)dkt kcj èj`rktkv Bkcv~ckl, cj dki dck Wkvkjvarhgk ‚Whv cvt Lckbk5“ gk)vtkllt wcrd {jd kcjk drkcahfmk Hjtwert krmält* Dhrübkr mcjh{v vell dhv h{v)gkwämltk Bkcv~ckl dk{tlcfm ihfmkj, dhvv kv d{rfmh{v Bkrümr{jgv~{j`tkzwcvfmkj dkj jcfmt)lctkrhrcvfmkj {jd lctkrhrcvfmkj Dcv`{rvaerikj gcbt {jddhvv dck Bkvejdkrmkctkj dkr lctkrhrcvfmkj Dcv`{rvk bkvvkr mkrqertrktkj,wkjj vck h{a dki Mcjtkrgr{jd dkr jcfmt)lctkrhrcvfmkj Dcv`{rvaerikj gk)

vkmkj wkrdkj*

Dhv hjtc`k Krbk6

Emjk dhv hjtc`k Krbk cvt dhv Icttklhltkr jcfmt bkgrkcabhr* Dkvmhlb vellkjmckr j{r cj hllkr @ürzk dckokjcgkj Dcv`{rvhrtkj h{agkaümrt wkrdkj, dck dhvIcttklhltkr qej dkr Hjtc`k übkrjhmi* [jtkrvfmckdkj wkrdkj vck mckr jhfmdkjokjcgkj @htkgerckj, wck vck v~ätkr ci Icttklhltkr wckdkr h{ath{fmkj*

Lctkrhrcvfmk Dcv`{rvk

Vck krzämlkj, bkvcjgkj, cjvzkjckrkj {jd drhihtcvckrkj dck Ihfmt dkr Lckbkhlv ikjvfmlcfmk, vk}{kll gkaärbtk Kietcej {jd Lkcdkjvfmhat cj hllkj cmrkjVfmhttckr{jgkj, zwcvfmkjikjvfmlcfmkj Bkzckm{jgkj {jd V~cklhrtkj* DkrBkcv~cklk bkdhra kv mckr jcfmt, dh vck h{fm mk{tk jefm cj dkj hbkjdläjdc)vfmkj Lctkrht{rkj lkbkjdcg vcjd* Whmrvfmkcjlcfm vcjd dck lctkrhrcvfmkj Dcv)`{rvk dck ältkvtkj0 bklkgt okdefm vcjd vck krvt vkct Vh~~me -{i 1>> q* Fmr*#*

2 Qgl* [ibkrte Kfe, 83=;, =)66*6 Hrtc`kl ‚Lckbk“, cj? Mcvtercvfmkv Wñrtkrb{fm dkr ^mcleve~mck, Bd* ;, 83=>, @el* 23>)23;*



Mkrihjj @lkbkr? Whv cvt Lckbk5 ]Q

@eviegkjktcvfmkr Dcv`{rv

Kbkjve hlt wck dck lctkrhrcvfmkj Lckbkvdcv`{rvk, hbkr arümkr bklkgt, cvt dkr

èviegkjktcvfmk Dcv`{rv* Cj cmi wcrd dck Lckbk hlv dhv ^rcjzc~ dkv Wkr)dkjv {jd hllkr Bkwkg{jg cj dkr Wklt gkdk{tkt* Ve wcrd z*B* cj MkvcedvTmkegejck Krev hlv dkr Krvtgkberkjk cj dkr gñttlcfmkj Gkjkhlegck {jd hlvdkr vfmñjvtk dkr {jvtkrblcfmkj Gñttkr gkvfmcldkrt -{i 7>> q* Fmr*#* DckvkrDcv`{rv mht dck lctkrhrcvfmk Aeri kcjkv Istmev–, cj dki Tmkelegck {jdWkltgkvfmcfmtk cj kcjv qkrwebkj vcjd*

Ikdczcjcvfmkr Dcv`{rv

Ci ikdczcjcvfmkj Dcv`{rv wcrd Lckbk hlv @rhj`mkct, hlve hlv Vtñr{jg dkr

jerihlkj A{j`tcej dkv @ñr~krv {jd vkcjkr Erghjk qkrvthjdkj ict kcjkrgkjh{kj Jevelegck -@rhj`mkctvbcld#, kcjkr Hctcelegck -@rhj`mkctv{rvhfmk#gkiäÕ dkr dhihlcgkj M{ierhl~htmelegck {jd kjtv~rkfmkjdkj Tmkrh~ckj-Bkmhjdl{jgviktmedkj#*

Dckvk H{aahvv{jg vell h{a dkj hlk}hjdrcjcvfmkj Hrzt Krhvcvtrhtev -6>4)fh* 24> q* Fmr*# z{rüf`gkmkj* Gkjh{ bklkgt cvt dckvk H{aahvv{jg qej Lckbkvkct Ghlkj h{v ^krghiej -86>)2>> j* Fmr*#*

^mcleve~mcvfmkr Dcv`{rv

Dkj Bkgcjj kcjkv gkj{cj ~mcleve~mcvfmkj Dcv`{rvkv rk`lhickrt ^lhtejvVsi~evcej aür vcfm* Eb dckv okdefm j{r kcjk gkvfmcf`tk Vklbvtqkrihr`t{jgwhr edkr dckvkv Ikcvtkrwkr` thtväfmlcfm dkj Bkgcjj dkr ~mcleve~mcvfmkjRkalk}cej übkr Lckbk dhrvtkllt, cvt jcfmt `lhr* Okdkjahllv cvt dck Lckbk vkct^lhtejv Vsi~evcej h{fm kcj qkrbcjdlcfmkr Gkgkjvthjd ~mcleve~mcvfmkr Rk)alk}cej*

Dck Kcjmkct dkvvkj, whv ‚Lckbk“ gkjhjjt w{rdk, krwckv vcfm okdefm ciMkllkjcvi{v zwcvfmkj dkj êlkj ãrev {jd ~mcléh z{jkmikjd hlv brüfmcg{jd zkrackl ict dki Übkrghjg cj kcjk lhtkcjcvfmk Bkgrcaalcfm`kct cj drkc

dcv~hrhtk Bkrkcfmk? Lckbk hlv {jwcdkrvtkmlcfmk Lkcdkjvfmhat, hlv @rhj`mkctdkv @ñr~krv {jd dkv Gkcvtkv -f{~cdcthv#, Ark{jdkvlckbk -hicfctch# {jd weml)tätcgk Lckbk -bkjkacfch, fhrcthv#*4

Dhv bcblcvfmk Krbk

Jkbkj dki hjtc`kj Krbk cvt dhv bcblcvfmk Krbk aür dhv Icttklhltkr z{i {j)qkrzcfmtbhrkj Bkvthjdtkcl dkr kcgkjkj H{aahvv{jg gkwerdkj*

4 Kbd*, @el* 23;*



Mkrihjj @lkbkr? Whv cvt Lckbk5 ]QC

Lctkrhrcvfmkr Dcv`{rv

Lctkrhrcvfmk Dcv`{rvk übkr Lckbk acjdkj vcfm qcklahfm cj dkr Bcbkl, eat hlv

`{rzk kcjgklkgtk ^hvvhgkj cj hjdkrkj Ghtt{jgkj* Hi ~rägjhjtkvtkj ok)defm cvt dkr lctkrhrcvfmk Dcv`{rv ci Memkj Lckd edkr Lckd dkr Lckdkr h{vgk)~rägt {jd ahvvbhr* Kv cvt kcjk Vhiil{jg mkbräcvfmkr Lckbkvlsrc`, cj dkrLckbkvlckdkr {rv~rüjglcfm ~reahjkj Fmhrh`tkrv cj kcjki tmkelegcvfmkjMerczejt rkcjtkr~rktckrt, d*m* jk{ gklkvkj {jd qkrvthjdkj, {jd dhjj z{kcjkr Vhiil{jg z{vhiikjgkaügt w{rdkj* Dhv kietcejhlk, vk}{kll gk)tñjtk Lckbkvqkrmältjcv zwcvfmkj Ihjj {jd Arh{ wcrd ci Hltkj Tkvthikjt ikth~mercvfm {jd hllkgercvfm h{a dhv Qkrmältjcv Ohmwkv z{ vkcjki h{vkr)wämltkj Qel` Cvrhkl übkrtrhgkj {jd ci Jk{kj Tkvthikjt h{a dhv QkrmältjcvFmrcvtc z{ vkcjkr @crfmk* Dhbkc vtñrtk dck kietcejhlk {jd bcvwkclkj kretc)

vfmk Dc`tcej dkr {rv~rüjglcfmkj Lckbkvlsrc` `kcjkvwkgv dhv ikth~merc)vfmk {jd hllkgercvfmk Qkrvtäjdjcv, vejdkrj h`zkjt{ckrtk dck Lckbkvkrahm)r{jg hlv kcjkj ~rcqclkgckrtkj _{ghjg z{ kcjki ~krvejhlkj Gettkvqkr)vtäjdjcv*

Tmkelegcvfmkr Dcv`{rv -^re~mktkj, Lckbkvgkbet Dt* 1,;#

Dck glkcfmk Ikth~mkr kcjkv kietcejhlkj Lckbkvqkrmältjcvvkv lckgt dkzcdckrttmkelegcvfmkj H{vaümr{jgkj z{gr{jdk, ve ktwh dki bk`hjjtkj Lckbkvgk)bet ci B{fmk Dk{tkrejeic{i?

‚D{ vellvt Ohmwk, dkcjkj Gett, lckbkj h{v dkcjki ghjzkj Mkrzkj, h{vdkcjkr ghjzkj Vkklk {jd ict hll dkcjkr @rhat(“-Dt* 1,;#;

Dhv mkbräcvfmk Wert aür Lckbk bkzkcfmjkt kcjdk{tcg kcj kietcejhlkv Qkr)mältjcv*1 Cjveakrj wcrd dck Lckbk Gettkv z{ vkcjki Qel` {jd dck Lckbk Cvrh)klv z{ vkcjki Gett vkmr hjtmre~eier~m, jäilcfm hlv ~krvejhlk, kietcejhlkBkzckm{jg gkvkmkj*

Dckvk Vcfmt übkrjciit h{fm dhv Jk{k Tkvthikjt ci krwkctkrtkj Lckbkv)gkbet,7 cj dki dkr Gettkvlckbk dck Jäfmvtkjlckbk glkcfmgkvtkllt wcrd? ‚D{vellvt dkcjkj Jäfmvtkj lckbkj wck dcfm vklbvt*“ - It* 22,63# {jd dckvkv Gkbet

h{a dhv Bkcv~ckl Okv{ gkgrüjdkt wcrd?‚Kcj jk{kv Gkbet gkbk cfm k{fm, dhvv cmr kcjhjdkr lckbkt0wck cfm k{fm gklckbt mhbk, vellt h{fm cmr kcjhjdkr lckbkj*“ - Oe* 86,64#

Kcjk ^mäjeikjelegck {jd Wkvkjvbkvfmrkcb{jg dkr jk{tkvthikjtlcfmkjGettkv) {jd Jäfmvtkjlckbk qkrv{fmt ^h{l{v cj vkcjki Memkj Lckd dkr Lckbk cj 86* @h~ctkl dkv 8* @ercjtmkrbrckakv ?

; Dck _cthtk h{v dkr Bcbkl bcktkj dkj Tk}t dkr dk{tvfmkj Ahvv{jg dkr Okr{vhlkikr Bcbkl*1 Gkvkjc{v, 8=33, 840 Okjjc % Wkvtkrihjj, Bd* C, 8378, @el* 1>)76, bkv* 14*7 It* 22,67)4>*



Mkrihjj @lkbkr? Whv cvt Lckbk5 ]QCC

‚Dck Lckbk cvt lhjgiütcg, gütcg cvt dck Lckbk, dck Lckbk cvt jcfmt kcakr)vüfmtcg, vck ~rhmlt jcfmt, cvt jcfmt h{agkblhvkj* Vck mhjdklt jcfmt th`tlev,v{fmt jcfmt dkj kcgkjkj Qertkcl, vck lävvt vcfm jcfmt krbcttkrj, vck trägtdhv Bñvk jcfmt jhfm* Vck ark{t vcfm jcfmt übkr dhv [jrkfmt, ark{t vcfmqcklikmr ict hj dkr Whmrmkct* Hllkv dkf`t vck z{, hllkv glh{bt vck, hllkvmeaat vck, hllkv krträgt vck* Dck Lckbk mñrt jckihlv h{a*“ -8 @er* 86,4)7#

Ict dki Wkfmvkl qei Hltkj z{i Jk{kj Tkvthikjt kraelgtk h{fm dkr Übkr)ghjg qej dkr mkbräcvfmkj z{ kcjkr jk{kj, dcaakrkjzckrtkrkj grckfmcvfmv~rh)fmcgkj Bkgrcaalcfm`kct bkc glkcfmkj Vhfmqkrmhltkj*=

Dkr èviegkjktcvfm)tmkelegcvfmk Dcv`{rv cj ^htrcvtc` {jd Icttkl)hltkr

Cj dkr ^htrcvtc` bkghjj dkr ^rezkvv, cj dki dck hjtc`)mkcdjcvfmkj {jd dckbcblcvfmkj Lckbkvqervtkll{jgkj z{vhiikjgkaümrt w{rdkj, {jd dkr ciIcttklhltkr aertgkaümrt {jd hbgkvfmlevvkj w{rdk* Dck kjtvfmkcdkjdk Jk{k)r{jg whr dck [iaeri{lckr{jg dkv istmcvfmkj èviegkjktcvfmkj Dcv`{r)vkv z{ kcjkr Vfmñ~a{jgvtmkelegck* Hi bkvtkj gklhjg dckv cj Hjlkmj{jg hjdck jk{~lhtejcvfmk ^mcleve~mck*

Aür dckvkj Qkricttl{jgv~rezkvv w{rdk Dcejsvcev Hrke~hgcth ‖ jkbkjH{g{vtcj{v ‖ z{ dkr icttklhltkrlcfmkj H{terctät vfmlkfmtmcj* Okdefm düratkdkr H{ter dckvkr Vfmrcatkj jcfmt ict dkr cj dkr H~evtklgkvfmcfmtk -87,64# gk)

jhjjtkj ^krvej cdkjtcvfm vkcj, vejdkrj dck icttklhltkrlcfmk H{terctät, dckihj bkvvkr ^vk{de)Dcejsvcev jkjjt, whr whmrvfmkcjlcfm kcj Vfmülkr dkvJk{~lhtejc`krv ^re`lev* Ict vkcjkr Dk{t{jg dkr Lckbk hlv ‚qcv {jcacfhtcqh“kr`lärtk kr dck Rüf``kmr dkr Vfmñ~a{jg z{ Gett jhfm cmrki Mkrqergkmkjh{v Gett, dhv hlv kcj vfmkj`kjdkr Lckbkvh`t Gettkv qkrvthjdkj w{rdk*

H{g{vtcj{v übkrvfmrctt dkj èviegkjktcvfmkj Hjvhtz mcj z{ kcjkrhjtmre~elegcvfm a{jdckrtkj kcjmkctlcfmkj Tmkerck {jd vtklltk dhict okjkKcjmkct wckdkr mkr, dck ci Mkllkjcvi{v qkrlerkj gkghjgkj whr* Cj dkrLckbk Gettkv {jd cj dkr Lckbk z{ Gett -hier Dkc ‖ hlv gkjktcq{v v{bckftcq{v{jd ebckftcq{v# ‚eaakjbhrt vcfm dhv Vkcjvgkaällk dkr ikjvfmlcfmkj Jht{r? Cjcmr qkrvfmiklzkj dck hllki Vkckjdkj cjjkwemjkjdk Vklbvtbkmh{~t{jg {jddkr Drhjg z{r Vklbvtqellkjd{jg ict dki vkmjvüfmtcgkj Qkrlhjgkj jhfmGett“*3

Tmeihv qej Hx{cj gklhjg kv vfmlckÕlcfm jhfm qcklkj Qerhrbkctkj hjdk)rkr Tmkelegkj dkv 82* {jd 86* Ohmrm{jdkrtv, h{fm dck wcvvkjvfmhatlcfmkhrcvtetklcvfmk @evielegck ci Vcjjk dkr fmrcvtlcfmkj Vfmñ~a{jgvlkmrk z{dk{tkj* Dck Lckbk -hier # cvt zcklbkvtciikjdk @rhat okdkr èvicvfmkj Bk)wkg{jg {jd hlv dhv jhtürlcfmk Vtrkbkj kcjkr okdkj K}cvtkjz z{ dki cmi

= Okjjc % Wkvtkrihjj, Bd* C, 8378, @el* 120 Hrtc`kl ‚Lckbk“, cj? Lk}cèj dkv Icttklhltkrv,Bd* ;, 8338, @el* 8314*

3 Hrtc`kl ‚Lckbk“, cj? Mcvtercvfmkv Wñrtkrb{fm dkr ^mcleve~mck, Bd* ;, 83=>, @el* 237*