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Sedimentpetrologie:gPetrographie, Geochemie & Provenienzanalyse

(3 SWS V/Ü)(3 SWS, V/Ü)

Modul Beckenanalyse 1:Modul Beckenanalyse 1:Sedimentpetrologie und Lagerstätten

Kursnummer: 600128

Hilmar von EynattenAbt Sedimentologie & UmweltgeologieAbt. Sedimentologie & Umweltgeologie

HvE - Sedimentpetrologie

WS 2014/15

Lehrangebot (Master Geowissenschaften) im BereichLehrangebot (Master Geowissenschaften) im BereichExogene Geologie / Sedimentologie / Sedimentpetrologie

(Bachelor: Praktikum Sedimentpetrographie/Sedimentologie)

Sedimentologie und Beckenanalyse (Modul Geodynamik 1) WiSeSedimentpetrologie: Petrographie, Geochemie & ProvenienzanalyseEconomical Deposits in Sedimentary Environments (Modul Beckenanalyse 1)

Low-Temperature Geothermometry and Geochronology in Basin AnalysisDiagenese und Verwitterung (?) (Modul Beckenanalyse 2)

Geländeübung zur Sedimentgeologie (Oberkreide Subherzyn) SoSeGeländeübung zur Sedimentgeologie (Oberkreide – Subherzyn)Seminar zu Sedimentgeologie und SedimentpetrologieAngewandte Liefergebietsanalyse (Modul Beckenanalyse 3)

SoSe


Angewandte Liefergebietsanalyse (Modul Beckenanalyse 3)

Literatur – I

General:Füchtbauer H (1988): Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine - 4 Auflage 1141 ppFüchtbauer, H. (1988): Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine. 4. Auflage, 1141 pp,

Stuttgart (Schweizerbart).

Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E. & Siever, R. (1987): Sand and sandstone. 2nd edition,553 N Y k (S i )553 pp, New York (Springer).

Siever, R. (1988): Sand - ein Archiv der Erdgeschichte. 254 pp, Heidelberg (Spektrumder Wissenschaft).

Tucker, M.E. (2001): Sedimentary Petrology: an introduction to the origin of sedimentaryrocks. 3nd edition, 262 pp, Oxford (Blackwell).

Tucker M E (1988 Ed ): Techniques in Sedimentology 394 pp Oxford (Blackwell)Tucker, M.E. (1988, Ed.): Techniques in Sedimentology. 394 pp, Oxford (Blackwell).in German: - ... (1996): Methoden der Sedimentologie.- 366 pp, Stuttgart (Enke)

Clay minerals:Clay minerals:Heim, D. (1990): Tone und Tonminerale.- 157 pp, Stuttgart (Enke).

Velde, B. (1995, Ed.): Origin and mineralogy of clays.- 334 pp, Berlin (Springer).( ) g gy y pp ( p g )

Geochemistry:Rollinson, H.R. (1993): Using geochemical data. 352 pp, Essex (Longman).


( ) g g pp ( g )

Literatur – II

Microscopy:Adams, A.E., MacKenzie, W.S. & Guilford, C, (1986): Atlas der Sedimentgesteine in, , , , , ( ) g

Dünnschliffen. 103pp, Stuttgart (Enke).Scholle, P.A. (1979): A color illustrated guide to constituents, textures, cements, and

porosities of sandstones and associated rocks.- Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.,porosities of sandstones and associated rocks. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.,Memoir, 28, 201pp, Tulsa/Oklahoma.

Heavy minerals:Boenigk, W. (1983): Schwermineralanalyse.- 158 pp, Stuttgart (Enke).Mange, M.A. & Maurer, H.F.W. (1991): Schwerminerale in Farbe.- 148 pp, Stuttgart (Enke).

... & ... (1992) : Heavy Minerals in Colours. 147 pp, London (Chapman & Hall).... & ... (1992) : Heavy Minerals in Colours. 147 pp, London (Chapman & Hall).Mange, M.A. & Wright, D.T. (2007): Heavy Minerals in Use, Developments in

Sedimentology, 58, 1283 pp, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Provenance analysis:Ibbeken, H., & Schleyer, R. (1991): Source and Sediment.- 286 pp, Berlin (Springer).Johnsson M J & Basu A (1993 Eds ): Processes controlling the composition of clasticJohnsson, M.J. & Basu, A. (1993, Eds.): Processes controlling the composition of clastic

sediments.- 342 pp, Geol. Soc. America, Special Paper, 284, Boulder/Colorado.Weltje GJ & von Eynatten H (2004): Quantitative provenance analysis of sediments.

S di t G l l 171


Sedimentary Geology, vol. 171.

http://www.sediment.uni-goettingen.de/skript.htmlLiteratur – III

Provenance analysis:Arribas J, Critelli S & Johnsson MJ (2007): Sedimentary provenance and petrogenesis.

Geol. Soc. America, Special Paper 420, Boulder/Colorado.von Eynatten H, Critelli S, Ingersoll RV, Weltje GJ (2012): Actualistic Models of Sediment y , , g , j ( )

Generation. Sedimentary Geology, vol. 280.


grain-sizeg

classification

Miall 1990


Miall 1990

source area parent lithologytopography

generation

- weathering

- erosion

climate

- abrasion physical and chemical

- breakage

- abrasion

ti

- mixing

physical and chemicalenergy on transitdispersal

sedimentary basin

- sorting

- addition of intraclastssedimentary basin

- compaction

- authigenesiscomposition & textureburial historydiagenesis

- intrastratal solutiony

fluid chemistrydiagenesis


Weltje & von Eynatten 2004, Sed Geol 171

source areaweatherings

?

weatheringerosion

naly

sian

ce a

mixing

oven

a

abrasion

sorting

t is

pro

wha

t

compactionauthigenesis,

intrastratal solution

sedimentarybasin

HvE - Sedimentpetrologiemodified after Morton & Hallsworth 1994

Arenites / Sandstonescomponents: quartz,(clasts) feldspar,

rock fragments (lithoclasts),icement mica,

bioclasts/-morphs,heavy minerals,

t

cementcompo-nents

etc...

pore space: water,(pore fill) petroleum (crude oil)

gases (CO2, CH4,H2S, H2O, N2, O2 ... ))

cements: quartz, hematite(authigenic calcite, dolomite, siderite, ankerite, precipitates) anhydrite halite

pore space200 μm


precipitates) anhydrite, halitechlorite, kaolinite, illite, smectite, ...

(A) componentsThemen:

(B) texture - structureThemen:

(C) classification

(D) provenance analysis

(E) geochemical indicators( ) g

(F) Heavy mineral analysis(F) Heavy mineral analysis

(G) case studies


(G) case studies

(A) components

1. quartz and other SiO2 - polymorphs

quartz is the most common mineral in arenites 65%quartz is the most common mineral in arenites 65%

comp.: shale ~30%l i 10%Why ? pelagic ooze ~10%

frequency of quartz in crystalline rocks ~ 20%

Low - Temp - Quarz („Niedrig-Quarz“, T < 573°C, trigonal, = 2,65 g/cm3)

thi i th l t lli l h f SiO hi h i t bl dthis is the only crystalline polymorph of SiO2, which is stable under„sedimentary conditions“


Amorphous silica(SiO2 x nH2O);variable water content:11-14 wt.-% (radiolarian ooze)2 10% (di t )2-10% (diatom ooze)

„metastable“,0.5-7% H2O

chalcedony or mikro-/crypto-crystalline quartz (“chert“): 0-2% H2O;„normal“-quartz, pure SiO2,

0% H2O


Tucker 1991


Pettijohn et al. 1987 S.32



A. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)


KrSst-12

AAPG 28 – 8 u.


AAPG 28 - 3 o.

AAPG 28 - 4 o.

2. Feldspar


1991

S.4

4

HvE - Sedimentpetrologie Tuck

er 1

37 1

987

S.3

john

et a

l.


Pet

tij

A. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)y ( p )


AAPG 28 - 16 m.

AAPG 28 - 19 o.


AAPG 28 - 16 u.

3. Rock fragments (lithoclasts)

- volcanic (fragments of basalts, andesites, rhyolites,pyroclastics, volcanic glass, etc..., Lv)

- sedimentary (Ls), metasedimentary (Lsm) andmetamorphic (Lm) lithoclasts (e.g. mudrocks, h l l t h llit t it i

h t ( di l it l dit ) d th

shales, slates, phyllites, quartzites, micaschists, gneisses, etc...)

- cherts (radiolarites, lydites) and otherpolycrystalline quartz types (Qc / Qp)

- carbonate lithoclasts (Lc / C)


Pettijohn et al.1987 S.44

Fig. 2.48 Lithic grains of volcanic origin. The larger graing g gconsists of minute feldspar laths in a glassy grundmass, and the smaller grain (at the top) is a feldspar crystal partly replaced by calcite. The cement is also calcite and there are smaller fragments of volcanic material in that too. A. planc-polarized light. B. Crossed polars. Triassic shallow-marine sandstone. The Dolomites, Italy.

Tucker 1991 S.40

Fig 2 47 Fragment of laminatedFig. 2.47 Fragment of laminatedshale, also other lithic and quartz grains in greywacke. Plane-polarized light. Silurian turbidite (deep marine) Southern

Tucker 1991 S.39

(deep-marine). SouthernUplands, Scotland.


i l d (d t it l) h t i !includes (detrital) chert grains!



200 μmbasic volcanic clast,chloritized matrix (illite as well?),many opaque phases (ilm, mag, ...)


many opaque phases (ilm, mag, ...)plagioclase phenocrysts showing nopreferred orientation


300 μmA. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)

sedimentary to low-grade metamorphicsedimentary to low grade metamorphic(metasedimentary) lithoclasts;Late Paleozoic, Harz Mountains




more types of carbonate clastsleft: pure micrite (mudstone)left: pure micrite (mudstone)right: dolomite clast, see contrast to calcite-cement (sparite),

lower left: red algae


4. Further components

- phyllosilicates detrital or authigenic ?phyllosilicates

chlorite, mica, clay minerals

bioclasts / biomorphs

detrital or authigenic ?

- bioclasts / biomorphs

shells, echinoderms, foraminifera, algae, spiculae, etc.; and fragments thereof

- coated grains

ooids, oncoids, peloids (fecal pellets)

- intraclasts (resedimented clasts from the same area/time))

h i l- heavy minerals

- other detrital or authigenic ?phosphates ( bone fragments), glaukonite, chamosite, etc.

g


ina)

eofla

beli

nife

r (N

efo

ram

in

300 μm

)

300 μmforaminifer (Lenticulata)

erch

en“)

„Moo

stie

yozo

e („

HvE - Sedimentpetrologie 100 μmred algae1000 μm

bry

general scheme of heavygeneral scheme of heavymineral stability

(from Mange & Maurer 1991 S.8)

heavymineralsminerals

Fig. 2.55 Sketches of the seven most common heavy minerals (with the y (degree of weathering and or dissolution increasing to the right) together with their optical properties.After Füchtbauer (1974)


After Füchtbauer (1974).

Tucker 1991 S.45

300 μmA Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003) phosphorite particle with

detrital quartz grains

