15-11-09 Automated Driving - Continental AG - Homepage · PDF fileFuture Vision of Autonomous Driving ... Modular Redundant Electronic Brake System for Highly Automated Driving 1 BUS

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From Assisted to Automated Driving

Alfred Eckert, Head of Advanced Engineering,Continental Chassis & Safety Division

Chassis & Safety

Business TrendIncreasing Level of Automation

Conditional/High

Automation

FullAutomation

PublicDivision Chassis & Safety

Assisted

Automation

PartialAutomation

Time

9 November 20152A. Eckert, © Continental AG

Consumer DemandEuro NCAP Rating Scheme 2013 - 2017

AdultOccupant Protection

SafetyAssist

Frontal ODBFrontal FWSide BarrierSide PoleWhiplash FrontWhiplash RearAEB City

Seat Belt ReminderESCSpeed Assist SystemLDW / LKAAEB Inter-Urban


ChildOccupant Protection

Active Safety

PedestrianProtection

HeadformUpper LegformLower LegformAEB VRU (2016)

AEB-IU: Autnonomous Emergency Braking Inter-Urban, LKA: Lane Keeping Assist, LDW: Lane Departure Warning, VRU: Vulnerable Road Users


Lane Departure WarningLane Departure Warning Advanced Emergency Braking System

Advanced Emergency Braking System

Electronic Stability Control ESC

Electronic Stability Control ESC

Advanced Driver Assistance SystemsKey Technologies


Short Range Lidar SRL Advanced Radar Sensor ARS Multi Function Camera MFCMK 100 ESC®


Cooperative SafetyVehicle-to-X - Short Range & Long Range Communication

Short RangeV2X COMMUNICATION

Long Range

+


Backend & Cloud Services@ ContinentaleHorizon Telematics Box

› Vehicle-to-Backend Applications› Big Data processing with IBM› High precision maps with Nokia

HERE

V2X@ ContinentalApplication Unit with M2XPro®

› V2X (safety) applications› Real-time data processing› Data security


+

Cooperative SafetyLeft Turn Assist


Left Turn Assist (LTA) and Intersection Movement As sist (IMA) – could prevent up to 592,000 crashes and save up to 1,083 lives saved per year i n the U.S. Study On Readiness of V2V (2014), NHTSA


2

Driver Assistance – Quo Vadis?

Future Vision of Autonomous DrivingEvolution of Driving Functions


Level 0Level 1

Level 2

Driver Only

Assisted

PartialAutomation

Level of automation* *terms acc. to SAE draft J3016

2013 (Mercedes S-Class)


1959 (Porsche 356)

Source: AutoBild / Nr. 19 / 13. Mai 2011 © AUTO BILD/N.Oskamp


Future Vision of Autonomous DrivingEvolution of Driving Functions

2Level 3

Level 4Level 5

Conditional

HighAutomation

FullAutomation

System performs the lateral and longitudinal dynamic


Level 0Level 1

Level 2

Driver Only

Assisted

PartialAutomation

ConditionalAutomation

Automation

Level of automation* *terms acc. to SAE draft J3016



1959 (Porsche 356)

System performs the lateral and longitudinal dynamic driving task in all situations in a defined use case .

System performs longitudinal and lateral driving task in a defined use case. Recognizes performance limits and requests driver to resume dynamic driving tasks with sufficient time margin.

and longitudinal dynamic driving task in all situations encountered during the entire journey . No driver required.


Assisted Driving / Automated DrivingInteraction Scheme

Fus

ion

& S

ituat

ion

Inte

rpre

tatio

n

Instinct / Knowledge

see

hear / talk

Dec

isio

n

Motion Command Arbitration

Driving Task Keep Distance Keep Lane

Driv

er

feel

Conditional, High or Full Automation *)Assisted or Partial Automation *)

Instinct / Knowledge

Driv

er

feel

see

Motion Command Arbitration

Driving Task Keep Distance Keep LaneD

ecis

ion

hear / talk Fus

ion

& S

ituat

ion

Inte

rpre

tatio

n


*) Source: BASt-study - Definitions of Automation and Legal Issues in Germany, 25th July 2012, Tom M. Gasser / Daniel Westhoff, German Federal Highway Research Institute

Fus

ion

& S

ituat

ion

Inte

rpre

tatio

n

hear / talk

Accelerating

Braking

Steering

Artificial Intelligence

hear / talk

see

Ass

ista

ntTelematics

feel

Dec

isio

n

Safe &Comfortable

DrivingMotion Control& Actuation

MachineSen

sor F

usio

n &

S

ituat

ion/

Driv

er

Inte

ntio

nIn

terp

reta

tionAccelerating

Braking

Steering

Telematics

Dec

isio

n

Safe &Comfortable

DrivingMotion Control& Actuation

AssistantSen

sor F

usio

n &

S

ituat

ion/

Driv

er

Inte

ntio

nIn

terp

reta

tion

Artificial Intelligence

see

Ass

ista

nt feel

hear / talk

hear / talk

Fus

ion

& S

ituat

ion

Inte

rpre

tatio

n


Automated DrivingMotivations & Success FactorsMotivation 1:

Converting driving time to higher valued time

Success depends on consumer valued benefit/cost ratio

Motivation 2:

PublicDivision Chassis & Safety 9 November 2015

10A. Eckert, © Continental AG

Motivation 2:

Accident-free driving, the prerequisite for Motivation 1 (boosting Vision Zero)

Success depends on economic valued benefit/cost ratio(e.g. 174 bn. € 1) economic saving potential in EU should be motivation for politics)

1) Acc. to REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL concerning Type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, Impact Assessment, {COM(2008) 316} {SEC(2008) 1909} Brussels, 23.05.2008, total economic damage in EU amounts to 229 bn €. �� 229 bn € * 0.76 2) = 174 bn €

2) Acc. to European Commission, Directorate General Information Society and Media, Informal document No.: ITS-13-07 (13th session of ITS, 23 June 2006, agenda item 3.) in 76% of the cases the human is solely to blame of all road accidents.

The driverneed not

(permanently)monitor

the system

The drivermust

Assist and Automation

fail


• ABS, BA• ESC• DAS package *

Partial AutomationLevel 2 System

Driver

Jum

p in

HW

/SW

redu

ndan

cyan

dlia

bilit

y!

failoperational(redundant)Conditional,

High AutomationLevel 3, 4

System2020

Full AutomationLevel 5 (Driver)

System>2025

•••

•••

FullyAD

HighlyADDriver


mustpermanently

monitorthe system

1959 (Porsche 356)

failsilent

Driver OnlyLevel 0

Driver

1998 (Mercedes S-Class)• ABS, BA• ESC• ACC

AssistedLevel 1

DriverSystem

• DAS package * Level 2 System HW

/SW

ABS: Anti-lock Brake System, AD: Automated Driving, ACC: Adaptive Cruise Control BA: Brake Assist, DAS: Driver Assistance Systems, EBA: Emergency Brake Assist,ESC: Electronic Stability Control, IHC: Intelligent Headlamp Control, LDW, Lane Departure Warning, LKA: Lane Keeping Assist,


*DAS package: ACC, Pre-SAFE, LDW, LKA, IHC

The Interaction More StructuredFunctional Architecture as the Basis for the System Approach

Environment &Vehicle Sensing

DriverMonitoring

Connectivity &Backend

ModelingDriver Model

Vehicle Model

Environment Model


HAD Functions

Traffic Jam Parking City Highway

HMI Action(Motion Control)

Steering Brakes Engine Gearbox


Driver

E/E-ArchitectureDistributed Architecture with High Complexity

Accel.Pedal Brake Pedal

ClutchPedal

GearShifter

Closed Loop Feedback

…

Steering Wheel

Radar Sensor Camera

preconditioning preconditioning

Backend


Clutch

Vehicle Motion

Trans-mission

Brake SystemEngine

ACC LKA…

SteeringSystem

…

ACC: Adaptive Cruise ControlE/E: Electric/ElectronicLKA: Lane Keeping Assist


Accel.Pedal Brake Pedal

Closed Loop Feedback

…

Steering Wheel

Radar Sensor Camera

preconditioning preconditioning

Backend

Environment model

scalableGear

ShifterClutchPedal

Driver

Scalable E/E-ArchitectureLayered Approach for Different Levels of Automation


Vehicle Motion

ACC LKA…

…

Motion Vector

Command Generation

Motion Control

SteeringSystem Clutch

Trans-mission Engine

Brake System

scalable


E/E: Electric/Electronic

Data FusionNecessary for an Efficient Environment Perception and Integration

Multifunctional Camera(Mono/Stereo)

e.g. Ethernet Standard Sensors(Wheel Speed, Steering Angle, Ultrasonic, etc.)

Backend/V2X


Chassis Domain Control Unit

Micro Cameras(for Surround View and Interior)

e.g. Ethernet

Radar Sensors(short and long Range)

Angle, Ultrasonic, etc.)

Lidar


Sensors, Maps and Online Data – Dynamic eHorizonThe Vehicle Looks Around the Corner


Vehicle sensor range 0-300m


Human-Machine-InterfaceAugmented Reality will be Key for Driver Acceptance



Modular Redundant Electronic Brake System for Highl y Automated Driving

1

BUS P2P


2

1

ControllerNetwork

BUS 2

BUS 1


Hurdles on the Way to Automated DrivingSecurity Protection



TARGETCURRENT INTERMEDIATE(based on Target)

Aut

onom

ous

Driv

ing

Goal: L4

Highways

L3 Highways

L3 enhanced Highways

L2 Highways

2016 20222020 2025

L3 L22020

2030

L4

Automated Driving Roadmap – Market LaunchC&S Hardware & Architecture Generations / Goals

L22016 2018


L5 -

Aut

onom

ous

Driv

ing

Goal: L5 parking (restricted areas)

L2 parking(remote)

L2 parking (in car)

2018

L3 Urban

L2 parking (trained)

2020valet

parking

L2Urban

L4Urban

L2NCAP

2022


Function Remote ParkingParallel Parking:

Perpendicular Parking:

Garage Parking:

Description

› Parking Assist provides an automated parking facility.

› Free parking spaces are detected and displayed in the surround view image.


surround view image.

› The driver nominates a particular parking space using a touch screen display and may exit the vehicle.

› The system controls the steering to manoeuvre the vehicle into the parkingspace, while the driver remotely controls the forwards/backwards motion.


Continental – On the Way to Automated Driving

Current testing regions worldwide



Documents

15-11-09 Automated Driving - Continental AG - Homepage · PDF fileFuture Vision of Autonomous Driving ... Modular Redundant Electronic Brake System for Highly Automated Driving 1 BUS