df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{, df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L ... · c+lzof/x¿n] cnu–cnu btf{, ef]u laqmL Jojxf/ u/]sf] b]lvg' kg]{€. Goflos lg0f{oof]Uo ljjfbsf] lg0f{o ubf{æul0ftLo

11111

;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g @)^@)^@)^@)^@)^*, d+l;/*, d+l;/*, d+l;/*, d+l;/*, d+l;/ - @ @ @ @ @

k"0f{ Ohnf;k"0f{ Ohnf;k"0f{ Ohnf;k"0f{ Ohnf;k"0f{ Ohnf;

!!!!!df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{, df=Gof=>Ltflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L k| ]dtflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L k| ]dtflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L k| ]dtflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L k| ]dtflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L k| ]dzdf{, zdf{, zdf{, zdf{, zdf{, k'g/fjnf]sg lg:;f k|bfg g+= )^^–NF–))!%, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, u0f]zaxfb'/ vqL lj= u[xdGqfno ;d]t

lgj]bsnfO{ k'ga{xfnL ul/Psf] lg0f{odflgnDjg km's'jf ul/Psf] eÌ] dfq pNn]v geO{lgnDjg cjlwsf] tnj eQf ;d]t vfg kfpg] u/LlgnDjg km's'jf u/]sf] b]lvFbf lgj]bspk/sf]cleof]uaf6 lghn] k"0f{tM ;kmfO kfP ;/x dfgLlgnDjg km's'jf u/]sf] b]lvg cfof] . To;/L lgnDjgkm's'jf u/]pk/ sf]xL s;}sf] ph"/afh'/ k/L pQmlg0f{o u}/sfg"gL ePsf] egL ab/ jfltn u/fPsf]cj:yf ;d]t gb]lvPsf]n] xfn cfP/ ;f] lg0f{oljk/LtpQm lgnDjg cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf hf]l8g] xf]OgeÌ gldNg] .

tnjeQf ;d]t vfg kfpg] u/L km's'jful/Psf] lgnDjg cjlwnfO{ ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgfug'{kg]{ :ki6 b]lvg cfPsf] cj:yfdf dfuadf]lhdpTk|]if0f k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{df ljjfbg} gePsf] ljifodf k|j]z u/L cbfnt :jo+n] kIfsf]:yfg u|x0f u/L Hofg;DaGwL ck/fwdf s;"/bf/7x/ eO{ ;hfo e'Qmfg u/]sf] k|x/LnfO{ kbdf a:g]clwsf/ g} gx'g] egL l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ug]{ u/]sf]o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] cfb]z 5d d]r]lj¿4 g;'x k|;fO+{ ;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f l/6 lgj]bgdfo; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt l;4fGt -g]sfk @)$%,cÍ $, k[i7 #@#_ ;d]tsf] k|lts"n b]lvg] .Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ls[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL,pk|]tL,pk|]tL,pk|]tL,pk|]tL, c+z rng, b]=k'=O=g+= )^^–DF–))!$, ))!%,))!^, ))!&, pdfb]jL 9'+u]n ;d]t lj= wgs'df/L9'+u]n ;d]t, wgs'df/L 9'+u]n ;d]t lj pdfb]jL

9'+u]n ;d]t, ¿k]z 9'+u]n ;d]t lj= pdfb]jL 9'+u]n;d]t, Zofd/fh 9'+u]n lj= pdfb]jL 9'+u]n ;d]t

c+z d'2fdf a08fkq eP gePsf], a08fkqkf/Lt eP gePsf] / a08fkq sfof{Gjog ePgePsf] eÌ] ;d]tdf ljleÌ cj:yfx¿ ljBdfgx'g ;S5g\ . To; afx]s d'n'sL P]gdf ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgePkl5 / cl3sf] a08fkqsf] sfg"gL x}l;ot klgkm/s–km/s x'g] u/L c+za08fsf] #) g+= n] :ki6Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;/L d'2fsf] tYoaf6dfq lgwf{/0f x'g ;Sg] dfkb08 jf zt{x¿nfO{lg/k]If ¿kdf s'g} cd's d'2fdf k|ltkfbg ePsf]Goflos l;4fGtaf6 lgb]{lzt ug{ gldNg] .

Jojxf/df c+za08f ePsf] eÌnfO{c+lzof/x¿n] cnu–cnu btf{, ef]u laqmL Jojxf/u/]sf] b]lvg' kg]{ .

Goflos lg0f{oof]Uo ljjfbsf] lg0f{o ubf{æul0ftLo ;"qÆ h:tf] u/L s'g} Pp6} cfwf/, Formula

jf Pp6} zt{ j s]xL lglZrt\ zt{x¿ ;Fw} oflGqsljlwaf6 k|of]u jf nfu" x'g] xf]Ogg\ . To;}u/L k"j{:yflkt ghL/x¿n] Goflos cg'zf;g / Gofloslg/Gt/tf k|bfg ug]{ x'gfn] ltgsf] cg'kfng ub}{d'2fsf] ljlzi6 tYosf] ljj]rgf / kl/l:yltdfleÌtfsf] cfwf/df ;Da4 k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg /;fGble{s sfg"gsf] JofVof ub}{ Goflos dgsf] k|of]uu/L lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ .

sfg"gn] g} 3/;f/df ePsf] a08fkqsf]lnvtn] sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKt ug]{ k"jf{j:yfx¿pNn ]v ul/ lbPsf ] cj:yfdf ltgLx¿sf ]ljBdfgtfa]u/ sfof{Gjogdf g} gcfPsf] lnvtsfcfwf/df jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ aLr c+za08f ePsf]eÌ] lgisif{df k'Ug gldNg] .

;uf]nsf 3/hUufx¿ s'g} g s'g} c+lzof/sfgfddf btf{ eP/ /xg] ;fdfGo k|lqmof xf] . To;/Ls'g} c+lzof/sf gfddf /xFb}df To;n] c+lzof/x¿aLra08f ePsf] / cnu–cnu ef]urng Jojxf/ ePsf]eÌ] cy{ nfUb}g . To;}u/L ;uf]ndf /x]sf] hUuflaqmLsf qmddf tof/ ePsf] lnvtdf pNn]v ePsf]Joxf]/fn] g} Jojxf/df c+za08f ePsf] eÌ] tYonfO{k'li6 ug]{ ;fdYo{ g/fVg] .

22222


dfgf] 5'l§Psf] ldlt ;DaGwdf jfbL k|ltjfbLkIfaLr d'v gldn]sf] cj:yfdf ;fdfGotofM lkm/fbk/]sf] eGbf cl3Nnf] lbgnfO{ dfgf] 5'l§Psf] ldltsfod ul/g] Goflos kl/kf6L /lxcfPsf] eP klgTo;nfO{ lg/k]If ¿kdf u|x0f ug{ ;lsb}g, d'2fdf/x]sf] tYon] To;nfO{ lgwf{l/t ug]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ ( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L, df=Gof=>Ls[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhs[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk| ]tL, pk| ]tL, pk| ]tL, pk| ]tL, pk| ]tL, b]=k'=O=g+= )^^–DF–))!*, 3/fo;Lc+za08f ;DklQsf] bflvn vf/]h, wgs'df/L 9'+u]n;d]t lj pdfb]jL 9'+u]n

k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/ eg]sf] sfg"gLclwsf/ xf], h'g sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt ul/Psf] x'G5 .of] cGtlg{lxt clwsf/sf ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ldNg]x'Fb}g . sfg"gn] k'g/fj]bg nfUg] egL Joj:yf gu/]sf]cj:yfdf klg k'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ /xG5 egLc¿ s'/fdf k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/ ePsf] cbfntjf lgsfon] cg'dfg ug{ gldNg] .

sfg"gdf k'g/fj]bg nfU5 egL pNn]vePsf] ljifodf k'g/fj]bg ;'Ì] lgsfo s'g x'g] eÌ]klg ;f]xL sfg"gdf tf]lsPsf] x'G5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df;flwsf/ lgsfodf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwtkIfdf /xG5 . ljlwstf{n] g} k'g/fj]bgsf] cfjZostfgb]v]sf] ljifodf Goflos JofVofåf/f k'g/fj]bgnfUg] egL clwsf/If]q lj:tfl/t ug{ gldNg] .

sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/cGtu{t kIfsf]k 'g/fj ]bg k/ ]sf ] cj:yfdf k 'g/fj ]bsLoclwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u u/]df dfq To:tf] lg0f{on]cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/sf] j}wtf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 . cGoyfclwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 eO{ ePsf] lg0f{o sfod /xgg;Sg] eO{ ab/ x'g] .

ljz]if P]gn] u/]sf] To:tf] k'g/fj]bg;DaGwLclwsf/ ljz]if k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/ xf] . ;fdfGok'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/ c;Lldt x'G5 eg] ljz]ifk'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/ ;Lldt x'G5 . ljz]if P]gn]

hlt s'/fdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Ì] clwsf/ k|bfg ub{5,Tolt s'/fdf dfq k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/If]q u|x0fug{ ;lsg] .

dfnkf]t P]gn] @)%$.*.@^ eGbf cufl8k'g/fj]bg nfUg] Joj:yfcGtu{t P]gsf] bkmf *cg';f/ ePsf] dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] lg0f{onfO{;dfj]z gu/]sf] x'Fbf ;f] ljifo k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]clwsf/If]qaf6 :jtM aflx/ kg]{ b]lvG5 . To;/Lclwsf/If]q g} g/x]sf] ljifodf k'g/fj]bg ;'gLul/Psf] lg0f{onfO{ sfg"gcg'¿ksf] lg0f{o dfÌg;lsg] .Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ ( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

;+o'Qm Ohnf;;+o'Qm Ohnf;;+o'Qm Ohnf;;+o'Qm Ohnf;;+o'Qm Ohnf;

!;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, l/6 g+= @)^*–WH–))#),aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, /dLtf dxh{g lj= ;DklQ z'l4s/0fcg';Gwfg ljefu ;d]t

;DklQ z'l4s/0f cg';Gwfg ljefusf]k|ltj]bgn] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|ltjfbL log} l/6lgj]bs ;'gLn h};jfn / >j0f ;fx ePsf] ;DklQz'l4s/0f;DaGwL d'2f ldlt @)^*.&.@) df ljz]ifcbfntdf bfo/ eO{ ljz]if cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^*.&.@@ df y'g5]s cfb]z ;d]t ePsf] b]lvgcfPsf] 5 . ;DklQ z'l4s/0f P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf@@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ cGtu{t If]qflwsf/ ;DkÌcbfntdf d'2f bfo/ eO{ If]qflwsf/ ;DkÌcbfntsf] ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2fdf sfg"gadf]lhdk'k{Ifsf qmddf ePsf] y'gfnfO{ u}/sfg"gL y'gf eÌldNg ] gb ] lv Fb f lgj ]bssf ] dfuadf ] lhdaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul//xg k/]g .k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

33333


@;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)%*^, CR–)%^@, )^&–CR–)**&, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/lj= xs{axfb'/ ljZjsdf{ ;d]t, ;h'{g ljZjsdf{ lj=g]kfn ;/sf/, xs{axfb'/ lj=s= lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

d[ts / k|ltjfbLx¿sf aLr Hofg}dfg' {kg] {;Ddsf] k"j{ l/;OjL /x]sf] eÌ] tYoldl;naf6 b]lvFb}g . k|ltjfbLdWo]sf ;h' {gljZjsdf{nfO{ d[tsn] laxfg s'6kL6 u/]sf] ljifodfs'/f ug{ k|ltjfbLx¿ a]n'sf d[tssf] 3/ sf]7fdfuPsf]df d[tsn] g} k|ltjfbL xs{axfb'/ lj=s= nfO{nfQLn] lxsf{O{ k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ pQ]lht u/fPsf]l:ylt b]lvG5 . o;/L Hofg} dfg'{kg]{;Ddsf] k"j{l/;OjL g/x]sf] cj:yfdf jfbljjfbsf] qmddfd[tssf] Jojxf/af6 k|ltjfbLx¿ tTsfn cfj]zdfcfO{ O{F6fh:tf ;fwf/0f xltof/n] d[tsnfO{ k|xf/u/]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf k|:t't jf/bftnfO{dgzfok|]l/t xTofsf] jf/bft eÌ gldNg] eO{Hofg;DaGwLsf] dxnsf] !$ g+= jl0f{t cfj]zk|]l/txTofsf] jf/bft ePsf] b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLx¿ xs{axfb'/ lj=s= / ;h'{g lj=s=nfO{Hofg;DaGwLsf] dxnsf] !$ g+= adf]lhd hgxL!) jif{ s}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M ljs]z u'/fufO{;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)&)%, CR–)&)^, st{Jo Hofg, u0f]z kl08t lj=g]kfn ;/sf/,lzjnIdL b]jsf6f lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿sf] cg';Gwfgclwsf/L;dIfsf ] ;fljtL aofg Joxf ]/fk|ltjfbLdWo]sL lg¿ eÌ] lgd{nf b]jsf]6fn] cfkm";fljt eO{ cbfnt;dIf u/]sf] aofg, /Iffb]jL h};L/ u+ufb]jL h};Ln] cg';Gwfg clwsf/L;dIf u/]sf]sfuh / d[tssf] zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgaf6 ;dly{tePsf] b]lvFbf jf/bftsf avt oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL

lzjnIdL b]jsf]6f jf/bft:yndf pkl:yt g/xL;'v]{tdf /x]sf] eÌ] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;af6 lghpk/sf]Hofg;DaGwLsf] !#-$_ g+= sf] cf/f]lkt s;"/ :yflktx'g;Sg] b]lvPg . oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] d[tssfafa';Fusf] l/;OjLsf sf/0f d[tsnfO{ dfg]{ dg;fo/fvL cl3b]lv g} of]hgf agfO{ k|ltjfbLx¿ u0f]zkl08t tyf lgd{nf b]jsf]6f ;d]tnfO{ cfˆgf] 3/dfaf]nfO{ d[tsnfO{ dfg]{ cfˆgf] p2]Zodf lghx¿nfO{;d]t ;xdt t'NofO{ Hofg;DaGwLsf] !^ g+= dfkl/eflift Hofg dfg]{ if8\oGqsf] s;"/ u/]sf] l;4 x'guPsf]n] lghsf xsdf z'¿ km};nf s]xL pN6L u/LlghnfO{ Hofg;DaGwLsf] dxnsf] !^ g+= adf]lhd!) jif{ s}b x'g] . k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL u0f]z kl08tnfO{cleof]u dfu bfjLadf]lhd Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]!#-#_ g+= cg';f/ ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M ljs]z u'/fufO{Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

$;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, l/6 g+= @)^^–WO–)@$&, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, ;Gb]Zj/ rf}xfg lj=cFlrt df=lj= at/f, af/f ;d]t

lgj]bsnfO{ lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ ;DkÌljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lgj]bssf] kbLo sfdst{Jo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf k6s–k6s :ki6Ls/0fdfu u/L ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf k|bfg u/L lgj]bsn] k]zu/]sf] :ki6Ls/0fdf c;Gt'i6 eO{ lghnfO{ kbaf6cjsfz lbg] u/L u/]sf] ljefuLo k|s[ltsf] lg0f{odfsfg"gsf] q'l6 ePsf] eÌ] gb]lvFbf lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ul//xg gkg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

%;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, l/6 g+= @)^&–WO–)@$&, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, ;'/]zl;Fx lj= jg tyfe"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;d]t

44444


lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !* sf]pkfbkmf -#_ df lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;¿jf ubf{clVtof/jfnfn] ;¿jfkqdf cjlw tf]sL ;¿jf ug'{kb{5eÌ] k|fjwfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ldl;n ;+nUg jg ljefusf]ldlt @)^%.!!.@( sf] ;¿jfkq x]bf{ lgj]bsnfO{ Go"gtd\@ jif{sf] cjlwsf] nflu egL lhNnf jg sfof{noc3f{vfFrLdf ;¿jf ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;f]cg';f/ lgj]bslhNnf jg sfof{no c3f{vfFrLdf sfo{/t\ /x]sf]cj:yfdf lghnfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no s}nfnLdfsfh v6fOPsf] ldlt @)^&.%.@$ sf] kq sfof{Gjoggug'{ gu/fpg' egL o; cbfntaf6 cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L eO/x]sf] b]lvPsf] kl/k|]Iodf lgj]bssf] ldlt@)^%.!!.@( sf] ;¿jfkqdf plNnlvt Go"gtd\ cjlw@ jif{ xfn JotLt eO;s]sf] b]lvFbf Go"gtd\ cjlweGbfa9L pQm sfof{nodf axfn /xg] u/L ca yk s'g}cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M ljs]z u'/fufO{Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h # ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

^;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, l/6 g+= @)^&–WO–)$)), pTk|]if0f ;d]t, tLy{gf/fo0f hf]zL lj=lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ ;d]t

lgj]bsn] z}lIfs ;q @)^! / @)^@ sf]sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd lgwf{l/t ;dodf e/L;DalGwt lgsfodf k]z u/]sf] eÌ] b]lvg gcfPsf]cj:yfdf a9'jf k|of]hgsf nflu lghsf] cÍ u0fgfgu/]sf] ljkIfL lzIfs ;]jf cfof]usf] lg0f{o q'l6k"0f{/x]sf] eÌ] lgj]bssf] bfjL tYodf cfwfl/t gb]lvFbfdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

&;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, l/6 g+= @)^&–WO–)%$%, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, lr/l~hjL kf}8]n lj=k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno, lj/f6gu/ ;d]t

k "jf { ~rn ljZjljBfnoaf6 ldlt@)^&.^.@! df k/LIffkmn k|sflzt ePkl5 pQmljZjljBfnoaf6 ldlt @)^&.!!.!! b]lv ;~rfngePsf] df}sf k/LIffdf l/6 lgj]bs ;fd]n eO{ k'gMk/LIff lbPsf] eÌ] ljkIfL k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno;d]tsf] lnlvt hjfkmaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . o;af6lgj]bsn] k/LIffkmn ab/ ul/kfpFm egL r'gf}ltlbO/x]sf] cj:yfdf k"/s k/LIffdf ;fd]n ePsf]b]lvPaf6 cfkm"n] r'gf}tL lbPsf] k/LIffkmnnfO{lgj]bsn] :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] b]lvg cfO{ lghsf]lgj]bg bfjL g} lg/y{s ePsf] b]lvFbf k|:t't lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M ljs]z u'/fufO{;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h # ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

*;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, l/6 g+= @)^&–WO–)%%%, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, ¿df /]UdL lj= l;4Hof]ltlg=df=lj=, bfpÌ]b]jL uf=lj=;= gjnk/f;L ;d]t

;'Ts]/L ePsf] s'/f ljBfnonfO{ hgfplbO{ cfkm"n] lnlvt¿kdf ;'Ts]/L labf dfu u/]sf]s'g} k|df0f jf ljkIfLn] ;'Ts]/L labf lbg OGsf/u/]sf] s'g} lg0f{o /x] ePsf] eÌ] s'/f;Dd lgj]lbsfn]pNn]v ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf ljkIfL ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldltn] lgj]lbsfnfO{ ;'Ts]/L labfglbPsf] eÌ] lghsf] bfjL :yflkt x'g g;Sg] .

lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod !!)df labf clwsf/sf] s'/f geO{ ;x'lnot dfq xf]eÌ] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ;x'lnotsf]¿kdf k|fKt x'g] labf dfu ug{sf] nflu cfjZossfuhft ;fy} /fvL cf}krfl/s ¿kdf lgj]bgkqk]z u/L lgj]lbsfn] labf dfu ug'{kg]{df ;f]adf]lhdljBfnonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ cfkm"n] labf dfu u/]sf]egL lgj]lbsf :jo+d\n] eÌ g;sL nfdf] ;doljBfnodf cg'kl:yt eO{ kl5af6 dfq clwsf/sf]¿kdf labfsf] bfjL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] / lgj]lbsfsf]bfjLadf]lhd lghnfO{ ljkIfL ljBfnon] ;'Ts]/Llabf c:jLs[t u/L kbaf6 cjsfz lbPsf] eÌ]

55555


;d]t b]lvg gcfPsf] x'Fbf dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M ljs]z u'/fufO{;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h # ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

(;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=;=k|=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, l/6 g+= @)^^–WO–)^*), pTk|]if0f ;d]t, afnuf]kfn >]i7 lj=af;'b]j >]i7 ;d]t

l/6 lgj]bsn] ljkIfL af;'b]j >]i7 cfˆgf]pBf]udf sfd u/]sf sfdbf/ sd{rf/L g} xf]Ogg\/ cfˆgf] pBf]u xsdf >d P]g, @)$* sf] Joj:yfcfslif{t g} x'Fb}g egL lnPsf] lhsL/ ;d]t ;a"bk|df0f k]z u/L k'li6 ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdfJojxf/tM ljkIfL af;'b]j >]i7 lgj]bs pBf]usf]cjsfzk|fKt sfdbf/ sd{rf/L /x]sf] 7x¥ofO{ lghn]pBf]uaf6 >d lgodfjnL, @)%) adf]lhd pkbfg/sd el/kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf] >d sfof{no afudtLsf]lg0f{o ;b/ u/]sf] >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+sf] lg0f{oq'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h # ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= !Ohnf; g+= !Ohnf; g+= !Ohnf; g+= !Ohnf; g+= !

!df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] l/=g+= WO–)&#), -&)#_ pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, dx]Gb| z]/rglj= /fdk|;fb bfxfn ;d]t

lgj]bsn] b/aGbL s6f}tL u/L ljkIfL/fdk|;fb bfxfnnfO{ cjsfz lbFbf kqsf/ P]g,@)%! sf] bkmf @@-@_ sf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/]sf]jf b/aGbL s6f}tL ubf{sf] k|lqmof k"/f u/]sf]b]lvPg . o;/L sfg"gL k|lqmofsf] cjnDag gu/L;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbg];DaGwdf l/6 lgj]bsn]k|ToyL{ kqsf/pk/ >dhLlj kqsf/ P]g, @)%!

sf] bkmf @^-!_-v_ cg';f/ ljz]if ;hfo u/]sf]eÌ] dfÌ'kg]{ b]lvof] . o;/L ljz]if ;hfo lbFbfpQm P]gsf] bkmf @* tyf @( df lgwf{l/t ;kmfOsf]df}sf lbg]nufotsf] k|lqmof k"/f ug'{kg]{df lgh/fdk|;fb bfxfnnfO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbg' k"j g}lghnfO{ ;kmfO k]z ug]{ df}sf lbPsf] eÌ] s'/fklg oL l/6 lgj]bsn] tYoo'Qm tl/sfn] bfjL ug{;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . s'g} klg sfg"gåf/f :yflkt ;+:yfn]s'g} sfdsf/jfxL ubf{ ;f] ;DaGwdf sfg"gn]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] afWofTds sfg"gL k|lqmofsf]cjnDag u/]s} x'g'k5{ . t/ k|:t't ljjfbdf oLl/6 lgj]bsn] ljkIfL /fdk|;fb bfxfnnfO{ cjsfzlbFbf plNnlvt afWofTds sfg"gL k|lqmofsf]cjnDag u/]sf] gb]lvFbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M dl~htf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

@@@@@df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )^^–WO–)#&!, pTk|]if0f, k/dfb]z ;d]t, /fds'df/rf}w/L lj= hgtf pRr df=lj= pbok'/ ;d]t

k|:t't ljjfbsf] ljifodf oL l/6 lgj]bsn]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, /fhlj/fhdf log} ljkIfx¿pk/ o;} ljjfb ;DaGwdf lbPsf] ;+jt\ @)^#;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= !$), lgif]wf1f / b]=k'=g+= $( sf]k/dfb]z d'2fdf ;f] cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^^.(.%df l/6 lgj]bgkqx¿ vf/]h ePsf] cfb]zsf]5fofFk|ltaf6 k'li6 ePsf] / ;f] lg0f{o clGtd/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L Pp6} ljjfbsf] ljifodfk'g/fj]bg cbfntdf pkrf/sf] dfu{ cjnDagul/;s]kl5 pQm tYonfO{ pNn]v gu/L k'gM l/6bfo/ ug'{nfO{ ;kmf xft / :jR5 Åbo lnP/cfPsf] eÌ gldNg] .

Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv & ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

66666


Ohnf; g+= @Ohnf; g+= @Ohnf; g+= @Ohnf; g+= @Ohnf; g+= @

!df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^$ ;fnsf] WO–)@&(,k/dfb]z ;d]t, /fh' a'9fyf]sL lj= ;8s ljefu,cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfno-P=l8=aL=_ ;d]t

lgj ]bgdf ;8s lgdf {0fsf ] qmddf¿=@$,&*,$$(.%) a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf] / ;f]sf]Ifltk"lt{ glbOPsf] eÌ] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] ePklg lgj]bgdf pQm /sd e/fO{ kfpgsf nflucfb]z ul/kfpFm eÌ] lgj]bssf] dfu /x]sf] b]lvFb}g .o;sf] cltl/Qm ljkIfLx¿n] lnlvt hjfkmdf;fgf]ltgf] 6'6km'6 ePsf] tTsfn dd{t eO;s]sf] /lgj]bsn] bfjL u/]cg';f/ Iflt gePsf] egL lgj]bgbfjLnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ;8slgdf{0fsf] qmddf vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk Iflt ePsf] xf]xf]Og, ePsf] eP s'g 7fpFdf / slt kl/df0fdfePsf] xf] eÌ] h:tf] ljjfbf:kb ljifo l/6 If]qaf6tYout k|df0fx¿sf] d"NofÍg u/L lg0f{o ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M ljkgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–#!)#, pTk|]if0f ldl>t k/dfb]z ;d]t, bnaxfb'/-l5d]_ >]i7 ;d]t lj= ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdGqfno ;d]t

cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqfno-dlGq:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^!.(.( sf] lg0f{o o;cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ePsf]b]lvg'sf ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hUuf k|flKt P]g,@)#$ cg';f/sf] k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ ;fj{hlgs ;8ssf]k|of]hgsf nflu hUuf k|fKt ug{ ul/Psf] sf/jfxLnfO{sfg"gljk/Lt eÌ gldNg] x'Fbf ldlt @)^!.(.( sf]lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g'k5{ eÌ]lgj]bsx¿sf] dfusf] xsdf ;f] xb;Dd lgj]bsx¿sf]

dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Qm}g . t/ ljjflbtls=g+= ^^ sf] hUufsf] ;DaGwdf o; cbfntaf6ldlt @)%*.!).% df ePsf] cfb]znfO{ sfof{Gjogug]{ qmddf ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/ cfjf; tyf ef}ltsof]hgf dGqfno -dlGq:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^!.(.( sf]lg0f{oaf6 hUuf k|:k|flKtsf] nflu sf/jfxL rnfpg]lg0f{o eO;s]sf] b]lvPsf] t/ xfn;Dd klg pQmlg0f{ocg';f/ hUuf k|flKtsf] sf/jfxL lgisif{df k'Ugg;sL l9nf] ePsf] b]lvFbf ;f] ;DaGwdf oyfzL3|cfjZos k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ rfF8f] lg0f{o ug'{ egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .o;} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df klg o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf 5g\M§ @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–#!!^, pTk|]if0f

ldl>t k/dfb]z ;d]t, ;'/]zafa' >]i7 lj=ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno ;d]t

§ @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–#!!&, pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]z ;d]t, ;'zLnfl;Fx 8+uf]n-uf]vf{nL_ ;d]t lj= ef}lts of]hgf tyflgdf{0f dGqfno ;d]t

#df= Gof =>L bfdf ] b/k |;fb zdf { /df = Gof =>L bfdf ] b/k |;fb zdf { /df = Gof =>L bfdf ] b/k |;fb zdf { /df = Gof =>L bfdf ] b/k |;fb zdf { /df = Gof =>L bfdf ] b/k |;fb zdf { /df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^%;fnsf] CR–))!^, CR–)!$!, pkef]Qmfsf] P]g,@)^$ cGtu{tsf] s;"/, dfnrGb b'u8 lj= g]kfn;/sf/, lagf]b ldQn lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf !)-s_ -ª_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg'¿k pTkfbssf] gfd,7]ufgf / pBf]u btf{ gDa/, pkef]Uo kbfy{df j:t'sf]ld>0f ;d]tsf clgjfo{ ljj/0fx¿sf] pNn]vug'{kg]{df k|ltjfbL dfnrGb b'u8n] cfkm"sxfFaf6laqmL ePsf] kfdf]lng t]ndf n]an ;d]t g6fF;LlaqmL ljt/0f u/L pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] kfngf;d]t u/]sf ] b]lvg cfPg . ldl;n ;+nUgk|df0fx?af6 ljj/0f gv'n]sf] / u'0f:txLg t]nlaqmL ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu k|ltjfbL ljgf]b ldQnnfO{

77777


dfnrGb b'u8n] laqmL u/]sf] lan, ljhs, k|ltjfbLlagf]b ldQnsf] aofg / laqmLcg'¿ks} t]n cÌk"0f{e08f/af6 a/fdb ePaf6 cfkm"sxfFaf6 laqmL ePsf]t]ndf pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)%$ åf/f lgwf{l/tljj/0fx¿ ;d]t vf ]nL n]an ;d]t 6f F;Lu'0f:t/Loo'Qm t]n laqmL ljt/0f ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/Lu'0f:t/xLg kfdf]lng cfon k|ltjfbL lagf]bldQnnfO{ laqmL u/L pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]gsf] bkmf(-s_ / P]= P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf !)-s_ ;d]tsf]s;"/df k|ltjfbL dfnrGb b'u8nfO{ P]=P]gsf] bkmf!*-v_ n] ¿=%))).– / P]=sf] bkmf !*-u_ n]¿=%))).– u/L hDdf ¿=!),))).– cIf/]kL-bzxhf/_ ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ufoqLk|;fb /]UdLsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ !# ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/=g+=WO–!@%*, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t, hf]vgk|;fbofbj lj= k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no ;d]t

st{Jo Hofg d'2f bfo/ x'Fb}df nufOPsf]cleof]u g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/ xf] eÌklg ldNg] x'Fb}g . To;df klg o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^^.(.@& sf] km};nfaf6 lgj]bsn] cf/f]lkts;"/af6 k"0f{¿kdf ;kmfO kfpg] 7x/L km};nfeO;s]sf] b]lvPsf]n] lghn] g}lts ktg b]lvg]s;"/ ck/fw u/]sf] egL cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7x/ePsf] egL lgj]bsnfO{ sf/jfxL Pj+ ;hfo x'g]u/L ePsf] lg0f{o sfod x'g g;Sg] .

lgj]bs hf]vgk|;fb ofbjnfO{ st{Jo Hofgd'2fdf cleof]u bfo/ x'gf;fy cbfntaf6 bf]ifLk|dfl0ft geO{ k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod** sf] b]xfo -3_ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ g}lts ktgb]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ck/fwk|dfl0ft ePsf] / ;f]xL bkmfsf] b]xfo-ª_ cg';f/cfˆgf] kbcg';f/ cfr/0f gu/]sf] eÌ] cleof]u nufO{lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 ;fdfGotM eljiodf ;/sf/Lgf]s/Lsf] nflu cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t

u/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no af/faf6 ldlt @)^#.@.!^df v8f ul/Psf] lg0f{o krf{ / ;f]xL lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ug]{ u/L ePsf] dWoIf]qLo k|x/L sfof{no x]6f}+8fsf]ldlt @)^#.!).@* df ePsf] lg0f{odf k|x/L lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod ** sf] k|ToIf ¿kn] (Apparent_q'l6 b]lvPsf] / o:tf] sfg"gL ¿kn] q'l6k"0f{ lg0f{osfod /flv/xg pko'Qm gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ ^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= #Ohnf; g+= #Ohnf; g+= #Ohnf; g+= #Ohnf; g+= #

!df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g++=)$#*, lg0f{oab/, km'ns'df/L /fO{ lj= xs{l;+x /fO{sf] d'2f ;sf/ug]{ ;+uLtf /fO{ ;d]t

jfbLn] n]vfOlbPsf] rf/ lsNnf ljj/0fo; cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ldlt @)^^.(.@* df;DkGg eO{ cfPsf] gS;fdf g=g++ !* ljjfbsf]ls=g+= ̂ &# /x]sf] b]lvof] . ;f] ls=g+= sf] rf/ lsNnfx]bf{ g=g+= @) ls=g+= ^&$ ;fljs dl/r], s'jL/Wjhxfn s[i0fk|;fb /fO{sf] v]t tyf g+=g+= @# sf]3f/]9'+ufsf] l8nk"j{, c?0f gbL klZrd -g=g+= !^_g=g+= !& sf] h?jf 9'+uf pQ/ / g=g+= #@ sf] 3f]K6]9'+uf blIf0f /x]sf] 5 . olt rf/ lsNnfleqsf] ;f]hUuf k|ToyL{ jfbLn] s'jL/Wjh lhdL;Fu ldlt@)#(.!.@&.@ df / /=g+= !$$) sf] /fhLgfdflnvtdf pNn]v ePsf] $ lsNnf / k|:t't d'2fdfeO cfPsf] gS;f d'r'Nsfdf plNnlvt gS;f g+=x¿n] ;dy{g u/]sf] b]lvFbf pQm lsQf hUufdfk|ltjfbLsf] xs sfod x'g g;Sg] .

ljjfbsf] ls=g+= ^&! sf] ljifodf k|ToyL{jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf] gb]lvPsfn] pQmhUuf k|ToyL{ jfbLsf] sfod x'g g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 #) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

88888


@df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{, @)^&–CR–))(, em"7f z}lIfs k|df0fkqk]z u/L e|i6frf/ u/]sf], g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=vu/fhkf7s

;/sf/L ljZjljBfnosf] ?kdf /x]sf] lqe'jgljZjljBfnocGtu{tsf] lzIffWoIfsf] sfof{non]cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ k|ltjfbLn] k|fKt u/]sf] aL=P=pQL0f{ u/]sf] elgPsf] ljjflbt k|df0f kqsf] ;Totf;DaGwdf a'emL k|]lift u/]sf] kqnfO{ cbfntn] lagfcfwf/ z+sf:kb ePsf] egL k|df0fdf lngaf6 c:jLsf/ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . ;f] kq z+sf:kb ePsf] xf] eg] ;f];DaGwdf jfbL kIfn] 5'6[} cg';Gwfg sf/jfxL u/Ls'g} d'2f bfo/ ePsf] ;d]t b]lvg cfPg . ctMlqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] lzIffWoIfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\k|fKt kqnfO{ cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg kqdf z+sfikbegL lnPsf] lhsL/sf] cfwf/df dfq k|df0fdf lngaf6c:jLsf/ ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M j]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{,k|]d zdf{, @)^^–CR–)*!$, em"7f z}lIfs k|df0fkqe|i6frf/ u/]sf], g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=nf]saxfb'/ lxtfg

clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g,@)$* sf ] d '2fdf cg';Gwfgsf ] sf/jfxLrnfpg];DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf ;f/jfg sfg"gsf]Joj:yf geO{ sfo{ljlw;DaGwL sfg"gsf] Joj:yfxf] . ;f/jfg sfg"gdf d'2f bfo/ ug]{ xbDofb n]lvPsf]ePdf ;f]xL ;doleq bfo/ ug'{k5{ cGoyf To:tf]d'2f cbfntdf nfUg g;Sg] x'G5 . sfo{ljlw;DaGwLsfg"gsf] JofVof ubf{ ;f/jfg sfg"gsf] Joj:yfnfO{Wofgdf /fvL e/;s ;f/jfg / sfo{ljlw sfg"gsf]b'j} Joj:yfx¿ lqmofzLn x'g] u/L JofVof ug'{kg]{x'G5 . t/ To;/L b'j} sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ Ps};fylqmofzLn x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f/jfg sfg"gsf]Joj:yfnfO{ lgik|of]hg x'g] u/L sfo{ljlw sfg"gsf]JofVof ug{ gx'g] .

;f/jfg sfg"g e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g,@)%( n] d'2f bfo/ ug{ s'g} xbDofb tf]s]sf]kfOb}g . d'2f bfo/ ug{ xbDofb gtf]lsPsf] cj:yfdfhlxn;'s} klg bfo/ ug{ ;Sg] xfd|f] sfg"gL k|0ffnLsf]:yflkt dfGotf / k|rng xf] . k'/fgf] P]gdf d'2fbfo/ ug]{ xbDofb /flvPsf]df gofF P]gn] To;/Ld'2f bfo/ ug]{ xbDofb gtf]Sg'df xbDofb;DaGwLJoj:yfnfO{ v's'nf] ug]{ eGg] ljwflosfsf] dg;fok|i6 b]lvG5 . d'2f bfo/ x'Fbfsf cj:yfdf sfod/x]sf] P]gn] xbDofb} gtf]s]sf] cj:yfdf k'/fgf] P]gcg';f/sf] xbDofb nufO{ gofF P]gcg';f/ bfo/ePsf] d'2f vf/]h ug'{ q'l6k"0f{ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M j]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL, @)^%–CI–)%^$, If]qkmn ldnfggS;f ;'wf/, g/axfb'/ af]x/f lj= wd{/fh h}zL

jfbL g/axfb'/n] lbPsf] lgj]bgdf ljkIfLwd{/fh h};Lsf] xssf] ls=g+= !## sf] hUufsf]If]qkmndf g} tndfly u/L km/s kfg]{ u/L dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 sfod eO/x]sf] hUufsf] gS;fdf;+zf]wg ug]{ lg0f{o u/L gfkL zfvfnfO{ kqfrf/ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ To;/L lg0f{o ubf{ ljkIfLwd{/fh h};LnfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 a'emL cfkm\gf]egfO{ /fVg] / ;a"b k|df0fx¿ k]z ug]{ df}sf k|bfgug'{kg]{df glbO{ k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtljk/Ltlg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvFbf o:tf] tYout k[i7e"lddfk'g/fj]bg cbfntn] z'? dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] lg0f{oab/ u/L k'gM OG;fkmsf nflu ldl;n z'?df lkmtf{k7fpg] lg0f{o ldns} b]lvFg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M j]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs !# ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g++= )^((, lnvtbtf{ ab/, lgzf clwsf/L lj=lbjfs/ afFlgof ;d]t

99999


ljjflbt 3/ hUuf jfbLsf] ;d]t xs nfUg];uf]nsf] 7x/L c+z d'2fdf cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{clGtd eO/x]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm km};nfaf6ljjfbsf] 3/ hUuf jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr c+z nfUg];uf]nsf] ;DklQ dfGg'kg]{ x'g cfof] . pQm d'2fsf]clGtd eO/x]sf] km};nfsf sf/0fn] ljjflbt 3/hUuf lghsf] bfOhf] k]jfsf] xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DjGwdfo; d'2fdf ljZn]if0f u/L /xg' gkg]{ .

jfbL lbjfs/ afFlgof / lghsf] gfafns5f]/f /f}gs afFlgof ;d]tsf] c+z xs nfUg] 3/hUuf k|ltjfbL lgzf clwsf/Ln] jL0ff zdf{nfO{c+z d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ] cj:yfdf xsx:tfGt/0f u/L /fhLgfdf ul/lbPsf] b]lvG5 . pQmlnvt / ;f]af6 ePsf] btf{ jfbL lbjfs/ afFlgof/ gfafns 5f]/f /f}gs aFflgofsf] xsdf tLgefusf] b'O{ efu ab/ x'g] / gfjfns /f}gsafFlgofsf] xsdf lnvt / btf{ ab/ ePsf] hUuflghsf] pd]/ k'u]kl5 xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ kfpg]u/L xfn lghsf] gfddf gfd;f/L btf{ ;d]t u/Llng kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M j]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs !$ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL, @)^$–CI–!)##, btf{ ab/, wd{/fhyfkf ;d]t lj=e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no tyf Joj:yfkgljefu ;d]t

sfg"gn] xbDofb gtf]lsPsf]df afx]s of]olt ;doleq of] o:tf] k|sf/sf] gfln; jf ph"/LlbO{ ;Sg'k5{ egL xbDofb tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL;dofjlwleq g} gfn]; jf ph"/L lbO{ ;Sg'k5{ .xbDofbsf] cefjdf s'g} klg ph"/L :jLsf/of]Uox'Fb}g . sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] xbDofbleq gfln;jf ph"/ k/]sf] 5, 5}g egL cbfntn] hlxn];'s} /h'g;s} txdf klg x]g{ / lg/f]k0f ug{ ;Sg] g} x'G5 .sfg"gdf g} k|i6 / ls6fgL ?kdf tf]lsPsf] xbDofbu'lh|;s]sf] cj:yfdf dfnkf]t sfof{non] gfn];ug{ hfg' egL ;'gfPsf];Dd sf/0fn] sfg"gåf/f

lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] xbDofbsf] ;Ldf a9\g uPsf] egLcy{ ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M j]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs !$ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL, @)^&–CR–)@^%, gSsnL k|df0fkq, g[kaxfb'/ a'9f lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

kmfObf lng] p2]Zon] of]Uotf 9fF6L em"7fljj/0f k]z ug'{ dfq klg s;"/ x'gsf nflu kof{Ktb]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLaf6 gSsnL ;l6{lkms]6 agfO{ k]zug'{sf] k5fl8 cf]xf]bf;DaGwL nfe k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zo/x]sf] / k|df0fkq k]z ug]{ sfo{af6 cfk/flws sfo{;d]t ;DkGg eO{ lghn] ;f] k|df0fkq k]z u/L s'g}nfe k|fKt ul/;s]sf] geP klg lghaf6 cfk/flwssfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] dfGg'kg]{ .

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL g[kaxfb'/ a'9fn] z}lIfsof]Uotf 9fF6L gSsnL k|df0fkq k]z u/L e|i6frf/lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf] bkmf !@ sf] s;"/ u/]sf]b]lvPaf6 ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !@ / @(-@_ cg';f/?=%)). h/Ljfgf x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M j]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} @) ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL, @)^%–CI–)@^%, hUuf lvrf]nfrng, dgaL/ d08n ;d]t lj= /fd]Zj/ d08n;d]t

hUufsf] ;dfg xsbf/dWo] jfbLx¿;FuPs efOn] cfkm"n] bfo/ u/]sf] d'2fsf] tf/]v 5f]8Ll8;ld; u/fPsf] eGg] sf/0fn] ;dfg xsbf/sf]?kdf /x]sf jfbLx¿sf] xs ;dfKt ePsf] eGg]cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . jfbLx¿n] cfkm\gf] c+z efudfkg]{ hUufdf cfkm\gf] xs vf]Hg' :jfefljs} b]lvg] .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLx¿sf] ;f=ls=g+= @)^% sf]hUufdWo]sf] ljqmL u/L afFsL /x]sf] hUufdfk|ltjfbLx¿n] jfbLsf] :jLs[lt, d~h"/L lnO{ 3/

1010101010


agfO{ a;]sf] eGg] gb]lvPsf] / o;/L k|ltjfbLn]cfkm\gf] xs :jfldTj gePsf] hUufdf lvrf]nf u/L3/ agfPsf] eGg] :yflkt ePsf] b]lvPsf] / jfbLn]bfjL u/]sf] ldlteGbf cufj} pQm hUufdfk|ltjfbLx¿n] 3/ agfPsf] eGg] 7f]; ;a"b k|df0fk|ltjfbLaf6 k]z ePsf] gb]lvFbf xbDofbsf] cfwf/df;d]t lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h x'g'k5{ eGg] k|ltjfbLx¿sf]lhsL/ k|df0faf6 ;dly{t ePsf] gkfOg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M ljkgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs !# ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)#%), hfn;fh, tf/fb]jL s'dfn lj= gL/axfb'/s'dfn ;d]t

d'n'sL P]g, sLt]{ sfuhsf] !* g+= dfæ;/sf/L 5fk nfu]sf sfuhx¿ / ;/sf/L c•fdf/x]sf] sfuhkqx¿ afx]s c¿ sLt]{ jf hfn;fhLu¥of] eÌ] jf d'vsf kl/k~rn] sLt]{ s'/f u¥of]gkfPsf] bhf{ kfPF egL eGof] jf ;f] egL k/khgL;d]t u¥of] eÌ] s'[/fdf ;f] sfd eP u/]sf] ldltn]b'O{ jif{leq gfln; glbP nfUg ;St}gÆ eÌ] sfg"gLJoj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . jfbLn] lkm/fb ubf{ cfwf/lnPsf] g]sfk @)$$, cÍ &, k[i7 &^$ lg=g+= #!%^sf] ghL/df æhfn;fhL k|sfzdf cfPkl5 dfqyfxf kfpg], ;f]xL ldltnfO{ sfd ePsf] ldlt dfgLDofb sfod ug'{kg]{Æ eÌ] l;4fGtnfO{ o; cbfntk"0f{ Ohnf;af6 nf]seQm /f0ff lj¿4 /dfjtL/fhe08f/L ePsf] hfn;fhL d'2fdf -g]sfk @)%%,cÍ !!, lg=g+= ̂ ^@%_ k|ltkflbt l;4fGtn] k|lt:yfkgul/;s]sf] x'Fbf jfbLsf] ;f] bfjL lhsL/;Fu ;xdtx'g g;lsg] .

ldlt @)%%.(.@@ df ePsf] lnvtsf]ljifodf ;f]sf] b'O{ jif{leq} lkm/fb bfo/ u/L;Sg'kg]{df ldlt @)^@.$.!! df ;f] xbDofb g3fO{bfo/ ePsf] lkm/fbsf cfwf/df d'2fsf] tYoleqk|j]z u/L km};nf u/]sf] z'¿ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf ;f] xb;Dd pN6L x'g] e} jfbLsf] lkm/fb

vf/]h ug]{ 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt@)^^.#.@* sf] km};nf d'gfl;a x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @^ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lk|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL,k|sfz j:tL, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )^$–CI–)!))%, lvrf]nf d]6fO{ rng, dGtlh/ ldofF lj=dxdb xlnd b]jfg

af/f lhNnf dl6cjf{ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= *l:yt ufpF Anssf] )–)–^ ldGxL 3/af;sf] hUuf/ ;f]df ag]sf] 3/ ;d]t ;~hLjs'df/ kf08]e"ldxf/af6 o; d'2fsf jfbLn] /=g+= #!(! ldlt@)%(.*.!% df v/Lb u/]sfn] ;f] hUuf 3/dflghsf] xsef]u /x]sf] g} dfÌ'kg]{ .

jfbLnfO{ hUufdf xs g/x]sf ] eÌ]k|ltjfbLx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] b]lvFbf xs k|fKtoL jfbLnfO{ k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLn] bfjLsf] hUufdfcfkm"v'zL sAhf lvrf]nf ug]{ sfo{ :jo+d\dflvrf]nfhgs sfo{ dfÌ'kg]{ x'Fbf jfbL bfjLadf]lhdlghx¿n] lvrf]nf u/]sf] x'Fbf jfbL bfjLadf]lhdk|ltjfbLsf] lvrf]nf d]6fO{ rng rnfO{ lbg] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M lgd{nf e6[Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @^ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )^$–

CI–)!))$, 3/ 3TsfO{ x6fO{ kfpFm, dGtlh/ldofF lj= dxdb xlnd b]jfg ePsf] d'2fdfklg o;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

!!df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, )^^–WO–!)^!, pTk|]if0fk/dfb]z ;d]t, k"0f{k|;fb /fhj+zL lj= sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfnt ;d]t

clGtd km};nf x'Fbf d'2fsf kIfaf6 c;"nug'{kg]{ ljuf], h/Ljfgfnufotsf b08 ;hfo c;"nx'g g;Sg] kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g] jf jfl/;åf/fd'2fsf] k'k{If u/fpg] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ rfxg]

1111111111


d'2fsf kIfn] k"/f ug]{ zt{x¿sf] af/]df cbfntLjGbf]jG:tsf] ̂ % tyf ̂ ^ g+= df ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{lgliqmo kfg]{ lsl;daf6 sfg"g Joj;foL kl/ifb\P]g, @)%) sf] bkmf @@-!_ df ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf]Jofks kl/efiff / cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . pQm bkmf @@-!_ cg';f/ sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ d'2fsf kIfsf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt x'g] ;DaGwdf lbPsf] clwsf/sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ k|fKt ;DklQ ;DaGwL xs h:tf]JolQmut xs geO{ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t bfo/fleq/xL ;~rfng x'g] k]zf ;DaGwL clwsf/ dfq xf] .o;}n] o:tf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ u/fpg] gfddf cGok|rlnt sfg"gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ lgliqmo jfz"Go u/fpg gldNg] .

lgj]bssf] kIf ljb]zL gful/s ePsf] /lghn] d'n'sL P]g cbfntL jGbf]j:tsf] ^^ g+= sf]k|lqmof k"/f u/L jf/];åf/f d'2fsf] k'k{If u/fO{ kfpgcbfntsf] cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvPg . o;/Lkmf}hbf/L d'2fdf ljb]zL k|ltjfbLn] cbfntLjGbf]j:tsf] ^^ g+= cg';f/sf] k|lqmof k"/f u/Ljf/];af6 d'2fsf] k'k{If u/fO{ kfpg] cg'dlt k|fKtgu/]sf] cj:yfdf kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf k|ltjfbLn]Gofofnoaf6 kfpg] pkrf/sf] xs jf/];dfkm{t\pkef]u ug{ kfpg] cj:yf gx'Fbf lgj]bsnfO{ sfg"gJoj;foL kl/ifb\ P]g, @)%) sf] bkmf @@-!_ cg';f/cfkm\gf] kIfsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt x'g] xs ;d]tk|fKt gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} @! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!@df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, )^&–WO–)#!(, pTk|]if0fk/dfb]z ;d]t, nId0f ofbj lj=s}n' kf;jfg ;d]t

lgj]bs nId0f ofbjpk/ k/]sf] xslgvgfO{ kfpFm eGg] d'2fdf dfnkf]t sfof{nonfxfgaf6 ldlt @)^^.!).!^ df Dofb tfd]n x'Fbflgj]bssf] 3/ b}nf]df 6fF; u/L Dofb tfd]n ul/Psf]t/ To;/L tfd]n ubf{ ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf;;ldltsf ;b:o jf ;lrjnfO{ /f]xj/df /fVg'kg]{df

/fv]sf] b]lvPg . o;/L sfg"gsf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{ Dofbtfd]n u/]sf] b]lvFbf pQm tfd]nL DofbnfO{/Ltk"j{ssf] dfGg gldNg] .

s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf lj?4 x'g]sf/jfxLsf] ;"rgf kfpg] xs sfg"g Pj+ ;+ljwfgåf/fk|Tofe"t ul/Psf] x'Fbf d'n'sL P]g cbfntL jGbf]j:tsf]!!) g+= sf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{ tfd]n ul/Psf] Dofb j]/Ltx'Fbf dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 k|ltjfbLnfO{ k'gM Dofbtfd]n ug]{ u/L ePsf] lg0f{o cfb]zdf s'g} q'l6gb]lvFg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} @! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!#df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, )^$–CI–)(%@, 3/ eTsfO{kfpmF, od'gfs/ zfSo ;d]t lj= sNkgf zfSo

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿n] tLg} lsQf hUuf;fd"lxs ¿kdf ef]u rng u/L 3/ lgdf{0f ;d]tu/]sf] tYo ldl;n ;+nUg gS;f kf;;DaGwLsfuhx¿af6 b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ef]urngdf /x]sf] -af6f]df k/]sf] ;d]t_ ls=g+= !&),!&$ / !&% sf] hUufsf] hDdf If]qkmn )–$–#–@½ x'g cfpF5 . t/ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] gfddf/x]sf] lghx¿sf] btf{cg';f/ )–$–#–) dfq /x]sf]tYo hUufwgL btf{ k|df0f k"hf{ ;d]taf6 b]lvgcfPsf]n] k|ltjfbLx¿n] ;|]:tfdf /x]sf] eGbf a9Lg} hUuf ef]urng ul/cfPsf] tYo k'li6 x'gcfpg] .

ljjflbt g=g+= !$, !% / !^ sf] hUuf klgjfbLs} ls=g+= !&! leqs} /x]sf] tYo gS;f d'r'NsfPj+ ldl;n ;+nUg ;fljs gfkL gS;f ;d]taf6jfbL bfjLsf] pQm ls=g+= !&! sf] hUuf If]qleq/x]sf] ljjflbt g=g+= !$, !% / !^ sf] 3/, ;+/rgftyf hUufdf k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ef]u rng /x]sf] tYoldl;n ;+nUg gS;f d'r'Nsf ;d]taf6 k'li6 x'gcfpg] x'Fbf k|ltjfbLn] cfˆgf] xs gk'Ug] hUufdfgS;fljk/Lt kl5Nnf] ;dodf lgdf{0f u/]sf] sfo{nfO{;f] 3/sf] If]q slxn] ag]sf] eÌ] ;DaGwdf

1212121212


k|ltjfbLx¿n] s'g} lglZrt cfwf/ k|df0f b]vfpgg;s]sfn] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/adf]lhd xbDofb gf3Llkm/fb k/]sf] dfÌ gldNg] x'gfn] ;f] ;DaGwdfjfbLsf] lkm/fb xbDofbleqs} dfÌ'kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM /d]zk|;fb l/hfnOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] )^$–CI–)(%#, gS;fljk/Lt

u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eTsfO{ kfpmF, od'gfs/zfSo ;d]t lj= sNkgf zfSo ePsf] d'2fdfklg o;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

!$df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–WH–))*(, jGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, cJb'n vlnssf]xsdf nIdLk|;fb kf]v/]n lj= k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

y'gfdf /fVg' / tf]s]sf] :yfgdf /fVg' eGg'Pp6} cy{ / k|of]usf] nflu pko'Qm x'g] zJb xf]Ogg\ .cWofudg ljefun] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf j:g'kg]{ eGg]Joj:yfn] sfg"gsf] unt cy{ / k|of]u u/Llgj]bsnfO{ aGbL u[xdf jf lx/f;tdf /fVg] clwsf/k|ToyL{ dxflgb]{zsnfO{ k|fKt /x]sf] eGg gldNg]x'gfn] :ki6 ?kdf lx/f;tdf /fVg] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]cefjdf lx/f;tdf /fVg] sfo{ ;/f;/ jb\lgotk"0f{Pj+ sfg"gljk/Lt /x]sf] dfGg'kg]{ .

;/sf/df /x]sf ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sflhDd]jf/ pRr kb:y kbflwsf/Laf6 JolQmsf]:jtGqtfsf] ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xsnfO{ ;Ddfgu/L kfng ug'{kg]{df To;f] gu/L oL lgj]bsnfO{ u}/sfg"gL?kdf y'gfdf /flvPsf] sfo{nfO{ sfg"gsf] b'/fzok"0f{k|of]u u/L JolQmsf] :jtGqtfsf] xs / ;+ljwfg tyfcGt/f{li6«o b:tfj]håf/f k|bQ dfgj clwsf/sf]pNn3+g ul/Psf] dfGg'kb{5 . j}olQms :jtGqtf-Personal Freedom_ dfgj hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ xsxf] . o:tf] xs dflg; ePsf] gftfn] dflg;nfO{ :jtMk|fKt x'G5 / sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s jf sfg"gsf] plrtk|lqmof gk'¥ofO{ s;}n] ;f] xs ckx/0f ug{ gldNg] .

cbfntaf6 aGbLnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpgcfb]z eO{ ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;d]t k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf

cfb]zfg';f/ aGbLnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg'kg]{ dxflgb]{zssf] st{Jo ePsf]df To;f] gu/Lcbfntsf] hfgsf/L jf cg'dlt ljgf g} aGbLnfO{:yfgfGt/0f u/L ljb]z lgisfzg u/L cbfntnfO{;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L;Dd glbPsf] x'Fbf To:tf] sfo{;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #& /#( sf] k|lts"n b]lvg] .

cWofudg ljefusf dxflgb]{zsn] sfg"g/ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g u/L sfg"gL clwsf// cfwf/ljgf cbfntsf] km};nfadf]lhdsf] ;hfoe'Qmfg ul/;s]sf ] ljb]zL gful/snfO{ u[xdGqfnoaf6 lgisfzg ug]{ :jLs[lt k|fKt eO;s]kl5klg nfdf] cjlw b'/fzok"0f{ 9+uaf6 cfkm\gf] aGbLu[xdfu}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /fv]sf] / o; cbfntnfO{ lagfhfgsf/L tyf sfg "gL k | lqmof lagfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdfaGbLnfO{ kfls:tfg k7fO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L cfkm\gf]kbLo bfloTj / st{Jok|lts"n sfo{ u/]sf] ;d]tb]lvPsf]n] o;/L b'/fzok"0f{ 9+uaf6 hfgfhfg sfg"gpNn3+g u/L kbcg';f/sf] st{Jo k"/f gug]{dxflgb]{zsnfO{ ca pk|fGt o:tf] sfg"gljk/Lts'g} sfdsf/jfxL gug'{ egL ;r]t u/fpg] u/LljefuLo sf/jfxL ug'{ tyf kl/0ffd / sf/jfxLsf]hfgsf/L o; cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjoglgb]{zgfnonfO{ u/fpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!%df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–CI–)%!$, lgif]wf1f, :jfdL r]tgbf; pbf;Lg lj=nIdLgf/fo0f eujfg dlGb/sf] sfo{ ;ldlt,g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !), afFs] ;d]t

ljkIfLx¿sf] s] s:tf] sfdsf/jfxL jflg0f{oaf6 lgj]bssf] wd{;DaGwL xsdf cf3ft kfg]{cfz+sf ePsf] xf] ;f] s'/f :ki6 v'nfpg ;s]sf]kfOb}g . s]jn dlGb/leqsf] pbf;Lg cf>daf6pbf;Lg ;fw'x?nfO{ x6fpg] k|of; klxn]b]lv g}

1313131313


xfn;Dd ljkIfLx?n] ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ egL lgj]bgtyf k'g/fj]bgdf lhsL/ lnPsf] kfOG5 . ;f] egfO{;dy{g x'g] s'g} ljZj;gLo cfwf/ k'g/fj]bsn]b]vfpg ;s]sf] kfOb}g . csf]{tkm{ ljkIfLx¿n]lgj]bsnufot pbf;Lg ;Dk|bfosf] s'g} klg ;fw'jf eQmnfO{ lj:yflkt gu/]sf], lgj]bssf] sfg"gk|bQxsdf cf3ft gkf/]sf] / eljiodf kfg]{ l:ylt ;d]t5}g egL lnlvt hjfkm lbPsf] b]lvG5 . k|ToyL{ljkIfLx¿sf] pko'{Qm sygnfO{ ljZjf; ug{' gkg]{cfwf/e"t sf/0f klg b]lvFb}g . olb ljkIfLx¿n]lgj]bssf] gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ åf/f k|bQs'g} klg xsdf cf3ft kfg]{ dgfl;a cfz+sfeljiodf l;h{gf u/] lgj]bsn] ;f]xL avtdf of]pkrf/sf] dfu{ cjnDag ug{ klg ;Sg] g} b]lvFbflgj]bssf] gful/s clwsf/df cf3ft k'¥ofpg]cfz+sfsf] l:ylt ljBdfg gb]lvFg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!^df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–CI–)%!^, k/dfb]z, dfwj/fh kGt ;d]t lj=gGbnfn eGg] sjrf dxh{g

e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3 n]df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf g/d u/d ldnfO{ hUufwgL /df]xLnfO{ cfwf–cfwf x'g] u/L afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xLnut s§f ul/lbg' tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Lsf] sfg"gLbfloTj g} ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]xLadf]lhd e"ld;'wf/sfof{no nlntk'/af6 ls=g+= ^ sf] cfwf hUufk|ToyL{ lgj]bs df]xLsf gfddf bf=vf= u/L df]xLnut s§f ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{no nlntk'/df n]vLk7fPsf] b]lvPsf] / afFsL cfwf hUufaf6 k'g/fj]bsa}+ssf] shf{ c;"npk/ x'g g;Sg] eÌ] lhsL/ klgg/x]sf] cj:yfdf afFsL /x]sf] shf{ dfqsf nflulwtf]afkt ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] k"/} hUuf /f]Ssf /fVg'sf]s'g} dgfl;a / o'lQm;+ut cfwf/ gb]lvg] .

e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no nlntk'/n] e"ld;DaGwL-rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf @^3 adf]lhd

ldlt @)%$.!!.!% df u/]sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ nlntk'/pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= $-3_ ls=g+= ^ sf]hUufnfO{ pQ/ blIf0faf6 lr/f kf/L klZrdtkm{df]xL gGbnfn eÌ] sjrf dxh{gsf gfpFdf bf=vf=e} ;|]:tf sfod u/L lbg k"j{tkm{sf] efu hUufwgLsf]gfpFdf oyfjt\ sfod u/L df]xL nut ;d]t s6[fu/L lbg' egL lbPsf] kqcg';f/ ug{ u/fpg k/dfb]zhf/L x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] lg0f{oldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!&df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–CI–)$^&, lgif]wf1f, k/dfb]z, zlze"if0f tf]bL lj=lqe'jg ljdfg:yn eG;f/ sfof{no, uf}r/ ;d]t

gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ åf/f k|bQs'g} xsdf cf3ft k'Ug] k|jn cfz+sfsf] cj:yfljBdfg ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf dfq ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf!&-@_ adf]lhd lgif]wf1f hf/L x'g] xf] . To;}u/Ls'g} lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] s'g} JolQmsf] sfg"gk|bQxsdf cf3ft k'¥ofPdf ;f] xssf] k|rngsf] nfluk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf *-@_ adf]lhd k/dfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg]xf] . t/ s'g} Jofkfl/s sf/f]jf/ tyf ;f] ;DaGwdfs'g} s/ /sdsf] e'QmfgL ;DaGwdf ePsf] s/km5\of}{6 cfof]udf ePsf] s'g} ;Demf}tfsf] kfngug{ u/fpg cyjf a}+s Uof/]G6Lsf] /sd e'QmfgL/f]Sg] ;DaGwdf lgif]wf1fo'Qm k/dfb]z hf/L x'gg;Sg] .

a}+s Uof/]G6Lsf] /sd lxtsf/Ln] dfuugf{;fy e'QmfgL lbg' a}+sssf] cfˆgf] sfg"gL bfloTjePsf] cj:yfdf lgif]wf1fsf] dfWodaf6 ;f] e'QmfgLglbg" glbnfpg' egL cfb]z hf/L ug'{ Gofof]lrt,pko'Qm / sfg"g;Fut gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

1414141414


!*df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–CI–))$*, k/dfb]z, /fh]Gb|k|;fb zfx lj= lhNnflzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L ;d]t

lzIfsdf lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/PsfljkIfLdWo]sf pd]zk|;fb ofbjsf] pd]/;DaGwLljjfb b]lvPsf] / ;f] ;DaGwdf sf/jfxLsf nfluoL k'g/fj]bsn] lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/LdflbPsf] lgj]bgdf sf/jfxL e}/x]sf] eÌ] lhNnf lzIffsfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm b]lvO/x]sf] cj:yfdf;f] lgj]bgdf sfg"gadf]lhd lgsf;f x'g] g} x'Fbfpd]/;DaGwL ljjfbdf l/6 If]qaf6 x]g{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!(df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–CI–))**, k/dfb]z, 5f]6]nfn ofbj lj= dn]7uf=lj=;= sfof{no dn]7, ;Kt/L ;d]t

;+lhjs'df/ ofbjnfO{ h'g kbdf lgo'Qmul/Psf] xf] ;f] kbsf] nflu cfkm" klg k|lt:kwL{pDd]b\jf/ ePsf] / To;df clgoldttf ePsf]eÌ] oL k'g/fj]bssf] lgj]bg bfjL jf k'g/fj]bglhsL/ b]lvFb}g . k'g/fj]bs lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] s]s'g sfg"gL xs ljkIfLx¿af6 xgg\ ePsf] jfx'g uPsf] xf] < ;f] ;DaGwdf :ki6 bfjL lng;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf *-@_ adf]lhd k/dfb]z hf/L ug{ s'g}lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] s'g} JolQmsf] sfg"gk|bQxsdf cf3ft k'¥ofPsf] tYo :ki6 b]lvg' kg]{x'G5 . t/ k'g/fj]bs lgj]bsn] ljkIfLx¿sf]sfo{af6 cfˆgf] of] o:tf] sfg"gk|bQ xsdfcf3ft k'¥ofPsf] egL :ki6 bfjL lng g;s]sf]n]lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

@)df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^$–CI–)!$#, k/dfb]z, >L cfbz{ df=lj= 8fOlgof,df]/Ë ;d]t lj= /fh]Gb|k|;fb ;fx ;d]t

lgj]bsx¿ ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf];b:o /x]sf] tYo tTsfnLg k|wfgfWofkssf]syg / pQm ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]dfOGo"6 skL ;d]taf6 b]lvPsf]n] ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s x'g] ;"rgf ljkIfLx¿n]lghx¿nfO{ lbg'kg]{ / lgj]bsx¿n] ;f] ;"rgfsf]cfwf/df ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu lng kfpg'kg]{cj:yfdf ;f]adf]lhd ljkIfL ;b:o ;lrjaf6;"rgf lbg] sfo{ u/ ]sf ] gb]lvPsf ] x 'gfn]lgj]bsx¿nfO{ lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod@&-$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbO{ sfg"gadf]lhda}7s ;~rfng ug'{ egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddfk/dfb]z hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

@!df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df= Gof =>L /fds 'df/k |;fb zfx /df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^^–CI–!)*), lgif]wf1f, vu]Gb|s'df/ rf}w/L lj= nIdLp/fj ;d]t

ljjflbt hUufdf 3/ lgdf{0f eO;s]sf]eÌ] b]lvPaf6 z+sfsf] cj:yf ljBdfg gb]lvPsf]/ o;} hUufsf ;DaGwdf ;'g;/L lhNnf cbfntdfhUuf lvrf]nf d'2f k/L ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf;f]xL d'2faf6 g} ljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f x'g ;Sg] x'Fbflgif]wf1f hf/L gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] )^^–CR–)*!&, vu]Gb|s'df/

rf}w/L lj= nIdL p/fj ;d]t ePsf]cbfntsf] ckx]ngf d'2fdf klg o;}cg';f/km};nf ePsf] 5 .

1515151515


Ohnf; g+= $Ohnf; g+= $Ohnf; g+= $Ohnf; g+= $Ohnf; g+= $

!df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] CI–))@#,s/f/adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ /sd lbnfO{ e/fO{ kfpFm,cf/=s]= zfSo lj= nId0fk|sfz ljqmd zfx

c+u|]hL ldltsf] !& dfr{, !((& sf] s/f/nfO{g} pNn]v u/L ldlt @)%#.!@.% df pQm g]kfnLdfs/f/ ePsf] / s/f/adf]lhdsf] bfloTj s'g} kIfn]k"/f gu/]df klg ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] pkrf/ Pj+ lauf]sf]/sd ls6fg e} s/f/df p7fPsf] ljifoj:t' Pp6}k|s[ltsf] dfÌ' kg]{ x'g cfof] . pQm ldlt !& dfr{!((& sf] c+u|]hLdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ g} g]kfnLefiffdf tof/ u/L b'O{ km/s km/s ldltsf] s/f/to eP klg s/f/sf] ljifoj:t' Pp6} ePsf] b]lvFbf5'§f5'§} zLif{s dfgL 5'§} pkrf/ lbg] lgsfo klgleÌ–leÌ e} Pp6} ljifoj:t' ePsf] s/f/sf] bfjLdfk6s–k6s pkrf/ lbg'k5{ eÌ gldNg] .

jfbL k|ltjfbLsf aLr ;DkÌ !& dfr{!((& sf ] s/f/sf ] k | fjwfgadf ] lhd log}jfbL÷k | ltjfbLn ] dWo:y;dIf ph"/L u/LdWo:yaf6 ePsf] lg0f{opk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gaf6 ldlt @)%(.#.!! df ¿=$,@^)&#.–k|ltjfbLaf6 jfbLnfO{ e/fO{ lbg] u/L ePsf]dWo:ysf] lg0f{o ;b/ x'g] 7x/L km};nf ePsf];+nUg ldl;naf6 b]lvFbf dWo:ydfkm{t\ bfjLsf]/sdsf ;DaGwdf pkrf/ k|fKt ul/;s]sf] o:tf]l:yltdf ;f]xL ljifodf bf]xf/f] pkrf/ k|bfg ug{sfg"g / Gofosf] lx;fan] gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\\ .

@df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] CI–))@$,s/f/adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ /sd lbnfO{ e/fO{ kfpFm,cf/=s]= zfSo lj= ;~ho jfb] >]i7

k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] oL k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLnfO{lghsf] sDkgLdf g} sfd ul//xg ;Sg] u/L cfZj:tug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf ;d]t gePsf] l:yltdf sfd g}gePsf] jf kof{Kt gePsf]df jfbL n'lDagL Po/j]hk|f=ln= sf] hxfh rfnssf] x}lzotn] cj:yf kl/jt{gx'g' k"j{ sfod /x]sf] l:yltnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ afWo ug{gldNg] .

k|ltjfbLaf6 jfbL /f]huf/bftf sDkgL;Fuljdfg rfns;DaGwL kof {Kt ;]jf x ' Fbfx 'b }s/f/adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf ubf{sf] cj:yf ljBdfgePsf] h:tf] l:yltdf /fhLgfdf lbPsf] ge} jfbLsf]hxfhx¿df ePsf] sdLsf sf/0f cfkm"n] kof{Kt;]jf k|jfx ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt gePsf] cj:yfdf/fhLgfdf lbPsf] / bfjL ul/Psf] /sd k|ltjfbLsf]j[lQ ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt If]qdf vr{ ePsf] b]lvFbfjfbLn] bfjL u/]h:tf] /sd k|ltjfbLaf6 jfbLnfO{e/fpg gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\\ .

#df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] CI–)!)!, sDkgLP]g, @)%# sf] bkmf !@* / !@( adf]lhd sf/jfxLul/kfpFm, dbgk|;fb nD;fn lj= /]K;f]gf klAns]zG;k|f=ln= sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+= ! sdnfbL, sf7df8f}+

k|ToyL{ sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgL ePsf]n]o;sf] k|jGw kq jf lgodfjnLdf jf k|ToyL{sDkgL;Fu ePsf] s'g} ;Demf}tfdf cf/f]lkt;~rfnsn] sDkgL;Fu k|ltikwf{ x'g] jf sDkgLsf]sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] csf]{ k]zf jfJoj;fo sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf &^-@_ tyf*) df ul/Psf] Joj:yf k'g/fj]bsn] pNn+3g u/]sf]eÌ g;lsg] .

s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsn] o;sf] p2]Zo;Fud]n vfg] jf o;sf] sfdsf] k|s[lt;Fu ldNg] u/L5'§} jf JolQmut tj/df s'g} sfd ubf{ jf j:t'pTkfbg ubf{ sDkgLnfO{ s]xL dsf{ kg] { jf

1616161616


k|ltikwf{df cfpg kg]{ jf s]xL /sd gf]S;fg ;xg'kg]{ cj:yf x'g ;S5 t/ o:tf] k|ltikwf{, dsf{ jfgf]S;fg eof], x'g ;S5 eÌ] cg'dfgsf] cfwf/dfs'g} ;~rfnsn] sDkgLdfkm{t\ cfkm"nfO{ JolQmutkmfObf x'g] sfd u¥of] eÌ gx'g] .

k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ePs} sf/0fn]k]zf tyf Joj;fo ug]{ :jtGqtf ;DaGwdf;+ljwfgcGtu{t k|fKt df}lns xsaf6 k'g/j]bsnfO{al~rt ug{ g;lsg], k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] s'g};~rfnsn] o:tf] sDkgLsf] Joj;fo jf p2]Zo;FuldNbf]h'Nbf] Joj;fo ug{ gkfpg] u/L sDkgL P]gnufot cGo k|rlnt sfg"g tyf :jo+ k|ToyL{sDkgLsf] k|jGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf ;d]t s'g}k|ltjGw gnufPsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bsn] 5'§} klqsfbtf{ u/fO{ k|rlnt sfg"gcg';f/ pQm klqsfsf]6«\]8dfs{ ;d]t btf{ u/fPsf] eÌ] dfq cfwf/dfsDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf &^-@_ tyf *) cg';f/sf]s;"/ u/]sf] 7x¥ofpg gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] CI–)!)@,6«]8dfs{, dbgk|;fb l/dfn lj= /]K;f]gf klAns]zG;k|f=ln=

5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg P]g, @)$* cg';f/btf{ ePsf b'O{ klqsf k|sfzsx¿ aLr klqsfsfk|of]u x'g] 6«]8dfs{ k|of]usf ljifodf ljjfb k/L;f]sf] k|of]u s;n] ug{ kfpg] eÌ] ljifodf pTkÌljjfbdf klqsfsf] btf{ tyf :jfldTj x:tfGt/0fh:tf ljifosf ;DaGwdf dfq nfu" x'g] sfg"g5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg;DaGwL P]g, @)$* bkmf&-@_ tyf &-$_ sf] Joj:yfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL k]6]06l8hfog / 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@ cg';f/ clwsf/k|fKtlgsfo pBf]u ljefusf] ldlt @)^).!).!( sf]lg0f{ocg';f/ k|ToyL{ /]K;f]gf klAns]zG; k|f=ln=n];d]t k|sfzg ug]{ Business Age klqsfsf] l8hfogkl/jt{g ug{'kg]{ egL ldlt @)^!.!).$ df ePsf]

km};nf k]6]06 l8hfog / 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@ sf]bkmf !^, !*v ;d]tsf] ljk/Lt eO{ q'l6k"0f{b]lvPsf]n] ;f] xb;Dd pN6L x'g] .

6«]8dfs{sf] k|of]usf] clwsf/ s;df /xg]eÌ] ljifodf kIfx¿ aLr ljjfb k/L ljjfb lg/f]k0fug{ clwsf/k|fKt lgsfosf] ljrf/fwLg /x]sf];dodf k|ToyL{ /]K;f]gf klAns]zG; k|f=ln=n]Business Age klqsfsf] Vol. 1, No.1 k|sfzgu/]sf] eÌ] cfwf/df lghnfO{ pQm P]gsf] bkmf !(cg';f/ h/Ljfgf ug'{ / bkmf @% cg';f/ xhf{gfIfltk"lt{ e/fpg] sfo{ pQm b'a} bkmfdf ul/Psf]sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] p2]Zo / dd{sf] ljk/Lt x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^^–WO–)^@!,k/dfb]z, ejfgL sfsL{ ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{no ;d]t

s'g} JolQm blntsf] ju{leq k/L k/Dk/fute]befjsf] lzsf/ k/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] pGd"ng ug]{s'g} klg sfo{qmdsf] kmfObf lngnfO{ ;f] ju{sf];b:otf sDtLdf tTsfnsf] nflu :jLsfg{ kg]{jfWotf /xG5 . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf e]befj ul/Psf]x'g' tYout k|Zg xf], dgf]ut xf]Og . To;}n] cfˆgf]cfTd;Ddfgsf] nflu To; JolQmn] Gofosf] jfcj;/x¿sf] vf]hL ug]{ l;nl;nfdf k|o'Qm x'g]zAbx¿ :jo+nfO{ ckdfghgs egL alxisf/ ug]{xf] eg] cGttM To:tf] JolQmn] Gofo / ljsf;sf]åf/x¿af6 xft w'g' kg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 . a¿ ;a}n]a'‰g] s'/f s] xf] eg] blnt eg]sf] P]ltxfl;s cfwf/dfe]befj / al~rlts/0faf6 kLl8t ju{ xf], hf];Fu;a} cy{df cfTd;Ddfgsf] ;fy hLpg] clwsf/5 . ToxL uf}/jsf] cg'e"ltsf] ;fydf cfkm\gf] Gofok"0f{dfusf] xsnfO{ k|z:t ug{ clek|]l/t ug'{kg]{ .

lgj ]bsx¿n] aGb ug{ dfu u/ ]sfljBfnox¿df blnt afx]ssf cGo ;d'bfosfljBfyL{x¿ klg cWoog ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n]

1717171717


;fdflhs 3'nldnsf] cj:yf /x]sf ], blnta:tLdf ljz]if u/]/ blnt afnaflnsfsf nflulzIffdf kx' Fr k'¥ofpg] c;n lgotn] ;f]xL;d'bfosf dflg;x¿n] cfjZostf af]w u/LljBfnox¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] x'Fbf blnt lj/f]wLjf blntsf clxtdf v8f ePsf] eÌ] gb]lvg'sf;fy} tL ljBfno / ;f]sf ;~rfnsx¿nfO{lgj]bsx¿n] ljkIfL agfpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdflagf cWoog, cg';Gwfg Pj+ lgisif{a]u/ uf]Zjf/f¿kdf xr'jf ts{ u/L k"jf{u|xL lsl;dsf] lg0f{odfk'Ug gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} @* ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= %Ohnf; g+= %Ohnf; g+= %Ohnf; g+= %Ohnf; g+= %

!df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, kmf}hbf/L k'g/fj]bgg+= @)^$–CR–)!^^, ;/sf/L 5fk b:tvt sLt]{,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= O{Zj/Lk|;fb nfld5fg]

cleof]hg kIfn] oL k|ltjfbLn] sLt]{ u/]sf]egL bfjL lnPsf] lnvt d"n ;Ssn ;Demf}tfsf]lnvt eÌ] g} gb]lvPsf] / ljjflbt lnvt ;Ssn;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] kmf]6f]skL eÌ] ;d]t b]lvgcfpFb}g . ljjflbt lnvt -kmf]6f]skL_ k]z ug]{ph"/stf{n] cfkm"n] k]z u/]sf] ph"/Lcg'¿k k|ltjfbLn]sLt]{ u/]sf] / ;f]adf]lhd /sd c;"n u/]sf] egLcbfntdf pkl:yt e} askq u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvFb}g .sLt]{ elgPsf] kmf]6f]skLdf c+lst b:tvtsf]jf:tljstf klxrfg x'g g;s]sf] / a]k|dfl0ft pQmkmf]6f]skL d"n ;Demf}tfsf] kmf]6f]skL ;d]t gePsf]x'Fbf sfg"gL cl:tTjljxLg kmf]6f]skL lnvtnfO{ cfwf/dfgL bfjL lng' g} ;/sf/L 5fk sLt]{ u/]sf] eÌ'kof{Kt gx'Fg] .Ohnf; clws[tM bLkss'df/ bfxfnsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 #! ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

@df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^$–CI–)!@(,xs;kmf, b]jgf/fo0f ltjf/L ;d]t lj= lbg]Zj/ld> a|fXd0f

bfjLsf] hUuf lgvÌ kfpg] gkfpg] eÌ];Gbe{df d'n'sL P]g, n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !@ g+= dfePsf] Joj:yf x]bf{ æ;lGw;k{g kg]{ xsjfnf gePjf eP klg lghn] glgvg]df o;} dxnsf] !! g+=sf] Dofbleq lgvÌ kfpFm egL ;f] hUufsf] df]xLn]ph"/ u/] lgvÌ kfpF5Æ eÌ] pNn]v ePsf] 5 . ;f]sfg"gL k|fjwfgcg';f/ hUufsf] df]xL k|ToyL{ jfbLn]hUuf lgvgL kfpFm egL lkm/fb bfo/ u/]sf] cj:yfb]lvFbf s/f/gfdf lnvtsf] cfwf/df kf/Lt ePsf]lnvtsf] xsdf jfbLn] hUuf lgvgfO{ kfpg] sfg"gLJoj:yf gePsf] eÌ] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/;Fu ;xdtx'g ;lsPg . sfg"gn] oL jfbLnfO{ lgvÌ kfpg]u/L lbPsf] clwsf/nfO{ ck|ToIf¿kdf s/f/gfdfsf]lnvt u/L s'l07t jf ;dfKt kfg{ g;lsg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ZrGb| OËgfdsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 @^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^$ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)#%#, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t, alaGb|nfn dfemL;d]t lj= :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno ;d]t

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^$.%.#sf] kl/kqdf :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf]:yfloTj ug]{ ;DaGwdf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g,@)%% / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%âdf]lhd sf]ifsf] cfGtl/sLs/0f ePsfsf] xsdf;+zf]lwt lgod @!#s df ePsf] kbk"lt{;DaGwLJoj:yf nfu" x'g] egL pNn]v ePsf] ;f] sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd cfGtl/sLs/0fsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L;s]sf] egL lgj]bsx¿n] bfjL u/]sf] kfOFb}g .o;/L lgj]bsx¿n] ;f] kqadf]lhd cfGtl/sLs/0fk|lqmof k"/f u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] lgoldtsd{rf/L eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf sf]iftkm{sf]

1818181818


;lrjfnodf cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL:jLs[t ubf{ tt\;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ck'u x'g]ah]6sf ;DaGwdf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon]lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g] egL lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] ;ftf}+a}7sn] lg0f{o u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf cfGtl/sLs/0fsf]k|lqmof k"/f ug'{kg]{ egL ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ ;DalGwtdGqfnon] gLltut lg0f{o;Dd u/]sf] s'/f oLlgj]bsx¿nfO{ :yfoL ug]{ sfg"gL cfwf/sf] ¿kdfu|x0f ug{ g;lsg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sfsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @! ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

$df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo, @)^&–CI–!$!!,df]xL gfd;f/L, 7u j}/fuL eGg] dgf]x/ bf; j}/fuLlj= nv/lhof b]jL s'ld{g

ljlwjt ?kdf hf]tL sdfO{ cfPsf] hUufdfdf]xLsf] d[To' kl5 lghsf] xs vfg] >LdtL ;d]tsf]d[To'kZrft\ df]xLsf] Psf;uf]nsf efO{ /fdgfy s'dL{n]df]xL gfd;f/Lsf] nflu lgj]bg lbPsf] cj:yfdflgh /fdgfysf gfddf df]xL gfd;f/L x'g] sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ df]xL gfd;f/L u/L lbg'kg]{df ;f]gu/L jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x/fO{ z'? e"ld;'wf/sfof{noaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt gb]lvg] .

d'2f rNbfrNb} jfbL /fdgfysf] klg d[To'eO;s]/ lghsL kTgL nv/lhofb]jL s'dL{n] d'2f ;sf/u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}8fdf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] cj:yfx'Fbf jfbL /fdgfy s'dL{sf] xs vfg] lghsL >LdtLk|ToyL{ nv/hLofb]jL s'dL{gn] ls=g+= !@) h=lj= !–%–) hUufsf] df]xL gfd;f/L u/fpg kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs $ ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

%df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^& ;fnsf]b]=k'=g+= CI–)$(&, b"lift lg0f{o btf{ ab/, efudgLb]jLclx/gL lj= ko{6g sfof{no, jL/u~h k;f{

s]jn @)$^ ;fndf cfkm\gf gfpFdfgfkhfFr ePs} cfwf/df dfq jfbLsf] bftfaf6k|fKt u/L jfbLn] cfkm\gf] xs /x]sf] egL lhsL/lnPsf] b]lvFbf hUuf gfkhfFr cfkm\gf] gfpFdf ub}{dfxs sfod e};s]sf] eGg] l:ylt ePg . hUufsf]xssf] ;fljs ;|f]t / k|df0f cfjZos x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/x/ kf}8]nsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

^df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^& ;fnsf]b]=k'=g+= CI–)%#@, l6Kk0fL cfb]z ab/, k/z'/fd/fpt lj= ko{6g sfof{no jL/u~h k;f{ ;d]t

ldlt @)^#.(.!) sf] l6Kk0fL cfb]zdfljjfbsf] hUuf ko{6g ljefu ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|jL/u~hsf] gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] eÌ] b]lvG5 . ;fy}ljjfbsf] hUufsf] k|ltjfbLsf] gfpFdf ePsf] b"liftbtf{nfO{ ab/ ul/kfpFm egL log} jfbLn] log}k|ltjfbLpk/ lbPsf] b"lift btf{ ab/ d'2fdf z'¿km};nf pN6L u/L jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ u/Lk'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8faf6 km};nf eO;s]sf]5 . k|:t't d'2fdf jfbLn] bfjL lnPsf] hUufsf;DaGwdf pQm km };nfdf plNnlvt cfwf/k|df0fx¿af6 ;d]t gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] ldlt@)^#.(.!) sf] l6Kk0fL cfb]z / lkmN8a'sdfhUufwgL dxndf plNnlvt k|ltjfbLsf] gfdoyfjt\ g} /xg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/x/ kf}8]nsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .o;} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df klg o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf 5g\M§ @)^& ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–)%#), lnvt

btf{ ab/, efudgLb]jL clx/ ;d]t lj=ko{6g sfof{no jL/u~h k;f{ ;d]t

§ @)^& ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–)%#!, l6Kk0fLcfb]z ab/, efudgLb]jL clx/ lj= ko{6gsfof{no jL/u~h k;f{ ;d]t

1919191919


§ @)^& ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–)%##, b"liftlg0f{o btf{ ab/, k/z'/fd /fpt lj= ko{6gsfof{no jL/u~h k;f{ ;d]t

&&&&&df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^& ;fnsf]kmf}=k'=g+= CR–)$!#, hfn;fhL, efudgLb]jL clx/gL;d]t lj= ko{6g sfof{no, jL/u~h k;f{ ;d]t

ldlt @)#$.!!.!# df k|ltjfbL ko{6gsfof{nosf gfpFdf kf/Lt ePsf] lnvtnfO{ jfbLn]@( jif{kl5 @)^#.!@.!^ df cfP/ k|:t't sLt]{hfn;fhLdf lkm/fb lbPsf] b]lvG5 . d'n'sL P]g,sLt]{ sfuhsf] !* g+= df ;fljsdf ePsf] sfg"gLJoj:yf x]bf{ sfd eP, u/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ -@_ jif{leqgfln; glbP nfUg g;Sg] eÌ] Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .k|:t't d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df lkm/fb bfo/ x'Fbf k|rlntsLt]{ sfuhsf] !* g+= n] ;fljsdf lgwf{/0f u/]sf]xbDofb b'O{ -@_ jif{leq} lkm/fb bfo/ ePsf] 5}g .kl5 ePsf] ;+zf]lwt Joj:yf k|:t't d'2fsf ;Gbe{dfcfslif{t x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf k|:t't lkm/fb lbPsf] P]gsf]xbDofbleq k/]sf] b]lvPsf] / xbDofb lkm/fbaf67x/ OG;fkm ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/x/ kf}8]nsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

*df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^&;fnsf] l/6 lgj]bg g+= WO–)(!!, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z;d]t, O{Zj/ clwsf/L lj= :jf:Yo tyf hg;+VofdGqfno ;d]t

;do gf3L k|fKt ePsf] oL lgj]bs ;+:yfn]k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj -RFP_ gvf]nL ;DalGwtRecovering Nepal nfO{ g} lkmtf{ lbO{ d'r'Nsf agfO{k|dfl0ft u/]sf] eÌ] ljkIfL sfof{noaf6 k|fKt l6Kk0fLkmfOnaf6 b]lvg cfpF5 . ;fy} /Ltk"j{s k|fKt ePsf]cGo !& yfg k|:tfjx¿ ;f]xL ldlt @)^&.!!.@%ut] g} vf]nL ;lsPsf] eÌ] kmfOn ;+nUg d'r'Nsfaf6b]lvg cfPsf]n] oL lgj]bsn] lkmtf{ lnO;s]sf]

k|:tfjnfO{ ;f] af]nkq k|lqmofdf ;+nUg u/fpg;lsg] cj:yf g/xg] .

;+ljwfg / sfg"gåf/f k|bQ xs egLk|rngsf nflu o; cbfntsf ] c;fwf/0fclwsf/If]qleq k|j]z ug]{n] :jR5 xft / z'4 lgotn]cbfntleq k|j]z ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cfkm" :jR5 ePsf] /ljkIfL hlt k"jf{u|lxt / b"lift efjgfn] u|:t ePsf]egL b]vfpg vf]Hg]n] ;j{k|yd cfkm" klg :jR5 ePsf]b]lvg' k5{ . oL l/6 lgj]bs RFP btf{ u/fpg] clGtdJolQm ePsf] tyf oL lgj]bssf] k|:tfj k"j{ ;"lrt;do ;Ldf gf3L btf{ u/fPsf]n] lkmtf{ ul/Psf] egL;xL5fk ;d]t u/L d'r'Nsf tof/ ePsf] cj:yfdflgj]bsn] # ah]leq} cfˆgf] RFP btf{ u/fPsf] egLlnOPsf] egfO{ em"7f b]lvFg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sfsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

(((((df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^&–CR–))%, ))&^, nfu" cf}ifw, k|jL0f ;'j]bL lj=g]kfn ;/sf/, /f]lgt yfkf lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

kl/df0fsf] lx;fjn] !( u|fdsf] dfqfnfO{cToGt yf]/} dfGg ;lsFb}g . nfu" kbfy{ ;]jg ug'{cfkm}df s;"/hGo sfo{ xf] . To;df klg ;]jgug{sf] nflu eg]/ hlt;'s} dfqfdf nfu" cf}ifwv/Lb u/L /fVg ldNb}g . nfu" kbfy{ ;]jg ug'{dfsd ;hfo 5 egL cfkm"n] rfx]cg';f/sf] kl/df0fdf3fts / k|ltjlGwt nfu" kbfy{ v/Lb ug]{ / ;~roug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg ;]jg ug]{ xn'sf ;hfo x'g]s;"/sf] >]0fLleq k/]sf] egL lhsL/ ug{ gldNg] .

k|ltjfbL k|jL0f ;'j]bLn] cfkm\gf] a'afsf]gfdsf] gf!! k &(%! sf] df]6/;fOsn cfkm"n]rnfO{ /f]lgt yfkf;Fu} uO{ nfu" cf}ifw v/Lb u/Lk|jL0f ;'j]bLn] rnfpg] / /f]lgt yfkf k5fl8 a;LcfpFbf k|x/Laf6 k|qmfp k/]kl5 nfu" cf}ifw ;]jgug]{ s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf P]gsf] bkmf$ n] lgif]w ul/Psf nfu" cf}ifw v/Lb ul/Psf] /cf];f/ k;f/ u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ cGoyf eGg g;lsg] .

2020202020


s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf /f]lgt yfkfsf] pd]/!^ jif{ gk'u]sf] t/ !$ b]lv !^ jif{aLr /x]s]fb]lvFbf lghnfO{ pd]/ k'u]sf] k|ltjfbL ;/x ;hfox'g] ge} afnaflnsf ;DjGwL P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf!!-#_ cg';f/ cfwf ;hfo x'g] x'Fbf lghx¿ b'j}k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ lghx¿n] u/]sf] s;"/sf nflu P]gn]lgwf{l/t u/]sf] s}b ;hfo % jif{b]lv !) jif{sf]Go"gtd cjlw cyf{t\ k|jL0f ;'j]bLnfO{ % jif{ //f]lgt yfkfnfO{ @ jif{ ̂ dlxgf s}b ePsf]n] lghx¿n]u/]sf] s;"/sf] cg'kftdf g} ;hfo ePsf] sfo{nfO{Goflos b[li6sf]0faf6 cTolws gb]lvFg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;'lbk k1fgLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!)df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^&–CR–)@@&, st{Jo Hofg, k|]daxfb'/ /fjt lj= g]kfn;/sf/

d[tsnfO{ dfg]{ lgot jf :ki6 dg;fog/x]sf] eGg] cj:yf /x] klg cfkm"n] tfs]sf] uf]nLd[tsnfO{ nflu;s]kl5 tTsfn ePsf] kl/0ffdaf6l;lh{t kl/l:yltdf cfkm"n] aRg] k|of; dfq u'g{nfO{c:jfefljs eGg gldNg] .

cfk/flws bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg] dfu{cjnDag ub}{ nfznfO{ cGoq nu]sf] ;d]t cj:yf5 . tyflk :ki6 ?kdf dfg]{ dg;fon] aGb's kmfo/u/]sf] eGg] ldl;naf6 gb]lvPsf] tyf 36gfsf];dli6ut kl/l:yltsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f u/L x]bf{ oLk|ltjfbLn] lgotaz of]hgfj4 9+un] s[i0faxfb'/a'9fsf] xTof u/]sf] b]lvFg cfpFb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdfeljtJosf] cfz+sf ;d]t ljBdfg /x]sf] l:ylt ljrf/ubf{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ sfg"gcg'?ksf] ;hfo ubf{ rsf]{kg{ hfg] / s;"/sf] cg'kftdf ;dfg'kflts gx'g]cj:yf b]lvPsfn] c=j+= !** g+= adf]lhd k|ltjfbLk|]daxfb'/ /fjtnfO{ !) -bz_ jif{ dfq s}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!!df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^%–CR–)@$(, hLpdf:g] a]Rg], g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=s[i0fg]kfnL

kLl8t 5l/dfof tfdfª / dgdfoftfdfªnfO{ j]rljvg ug]{ p2]Zon] ljb]z ef/tl:ytlbNnLdf k|ltjfbLnufotn] cGo s'g} hfoh jfsfg"g;Ddt p2]Zosf ;fy nu]sf] eGg] b]lvFb}g .o;/L kLl8t o'jtLx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf] 3/ kl/jf/sf;b:o jf ;+/Ifsa]u/ lbNnL nUg' / ToxLF 5f8]/cfpg'af6 oL k|ltjfbL unt p2]Zo :jtM :ki6 5 .k|ltjfbLsf] ;f] sfo{n] g} lghsf] u}/sfg"gL p2]Zo:ki6 ub{5 . laqmL ug]{ p2]Zo k|dfl0ft ug]{ ykk|df0fsf] cfjZostf oxfF b]lvPsf] 5}g . pknJwtYo / 36gfqmdsf] ljj]rgf ubf{ oL k|ltjfbL s[i0fg]kfnLn] hLp df:g] j]Rg] sfo{ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)$#sf] bkmf $-v_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!@df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^&–CR–)!$*, st{Jo Hofg, b]pdfg d'lvof ;'g'jf/lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

jf/bft:yndf n7\7L /x]sf] s'/f k|ltjfbLn]:jLsf/ u/]sf] Pj+ lr/k6 bfp/f / afF;sf] nf7Lj/fdb ePsf] cj:yfdf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/Ld[ts cfkm} n8L z/L/sf] ljleGg efudf 3fp rf]6ePsf] sf/0f d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] xf] eGg] jofg /k'g/fj]bg lhsL/nfO{ kTof/nfos dfGg g;lsg] .

d[ts / k|ltjfbLaLr d[tsnfO{ dfg]{;Ddsf]s'g} k'/fgf] l/;OjL gb]lvP tfklg cfkm\g} >LdtLhLjg;+lugLnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s nf7L / lr/k6bfp/fn] lxsfO{ lxsf{O dfg]{nfO{ %–& jif{ s}b u/L5f]8\g] c=j+= !** g= sf] dg;fo xf]Og . k|ltjfbLn]cfkm\g} >LdtLnfO{ ljgf uDeL/ sf/0f qm"/tfk"j{ss'6kL6 u/]sf] tYo k'li6 eO;s]sf] sfo{ /S;L jf

2121212121


dfbs kbfy{ vfPsf] g;fdf u/]sf]n] ;hfo 5"6kfpg] eGg] klg c=j+= !** g+=sf] p2]Zo xf]Og .o;/L dfbs kbfy{ gvfO{ s;}n] s;}sf] xTof u/]dfa9L ;hfo / dfbs kbfy{ vfO{ s;}sf] xTof u/]dfsd ;hfo ug' { :jo+df kmf }hbf/L Gofosf]l;4fGtljk/Ltsf] s'/f xf] . o:tf] Goflos sf/jfxLaf6s;"/bf/sf] dfgl;stfdf s;"/ gug]{ eGbf s;"/ug]{ k|j[lQsf] ljsf; x'b} hfg] .

Ps dfq sf/0f cyf{t\ k"j{ l/;OjL gb]lvPsf]eGg] cfwf/df cfkm"n] s;"/bf/ 7x/fPsf] ck/fwLnfO{c=j+= !** g+= nufP/ cToGt Go"g xb;Dd ;hfosf]5"6 ub}{ hfg] ljs]sxLg 9+un] jf cfTdk/s clwsf/P]gn] k|bfg u/]sf] ;Demg gldNg] x'Fbf k|ltjfbLnfO{sfg"gadf]lhd Hofg ;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+=adf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;'lbk k1fgLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!#df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^&–CR–)&**, st{Jo Hofg, huaxfb'/ lnDj" lj=g]kfn;/sf/

wfl/nf] / 3fts xltof/af6 k|xf/ ubf{d[tssf] d[To' x'g ;S5 eGg] cg'dfg k|ltjfbLnfO{gx'g] eGg ;lsg] cfwf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf d[tsnfO{dfg{df k|ltjfbLsf] dg;fo ge} tTsfn p7]sf]l/;af6 dfq d[tsn] k|xf/ u/]sf] v's'/Laf6 aRgcfTd/Iffsf nflu 5'/Ln] nfUg uPsf] eGg] lhsL/kTof/nfos gb]lvFg] .

cfkm"n] s;"/ u/]sf] egL k"0f{ ?kn] ;fljt/x]sf] jf cg';Gwfg jf Goflos k|lqmofnfO{;3fPsf] eGg] gb]lvsf], cfTd/Iffsf] nflu k|xf/ubf{ 5'/L nfUg uPsf] eGg];Dd k|ltjfbLn] jofgu/]sf] xf] lghsf] egfO{ cg';f/ lghn] 5'/L k|xf/u/]sf] geO{ cgfof; 5'/L nfUg uO{ d[To' ePsf]eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . h'g c:jfefljs / ckTofl/nf]s'/f xf] . csf]{tkm{ cDa/axfb'/nfO{ 5'/L k|xf/u/L k|ltjfbL jf/bft:ynaf6 efuL uPsf] / kl5

kqmfp ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLsf] pd]/, lghn]cbfntdf jofg ubf{ #@ jif{ n]vfPsf] b]lvG5 .o;/L kfsf] pd]/sf oL k|ltjfbLn] cToGt hf]lvdLxltof/n] d'6'sf] efu h:tf] z/L/sf] cToGt;+j]bgzLn efudf u/]sf] k|xf/af6 cDa/axfb'/sf]d[To' ePsf] b]lvFbf c=j+= !** g+= cg';f/k|ltjfbLnfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf sdLug'{kg]{ cj:yf gx'Fbf Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] ! g+=/!#-!_ g+= sf] s;"/ u/]sf]n] lghnfO{ P]=sf] !#-!_g+= adf]lhdsf] ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;'bLk k1fgLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!$df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^&–CR–)&*^, st{Jo Hofg, s]z/dfg /fO{ lj=g]kfn;/sf/

v's'/Ln] k|xf/ u/]sf] / k|xf/ ul/Psf] JolQme"O{Fdf 9ln;s]kl5 k'gM k6s k6s k|xf/ u/Ljf/bft:yndf d[tsnfO{ dg]{ u/L PSn} 5f]8L cfkm"3/lt/ uPsf] eGg] k|ltjfbL :jo+sf] :jLsf/f]lQmaf6d[ts nf]saxfb'/sf] Hofg lng] lgotsf ;fy st{Jou/L df/]sf] tYo k|df0faf6 k'li6 e}/x]sf] b]lvFbfk|ltjfbLnfO{ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ g+= cg';f/;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b x'g] .

slnnf] pd]/sf] lszf]/n] b"/blz{tfckgfpg g;Sg] / cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfo{sf] b"/ufdLkl/df0fsf] lgZro g} k"0f{?kn] cg'dfg / cf+sngug{ ;Sb}g . o:tf] pd]/ cj:yfdf dflg;nfO{ Pp6fkl/kSj pd]/sf] ck/fwL;/x ;hfo ubf{ Gofosf]p2]Zo k"/f xF 'b }g . lgh s]z/dfg /fO{nfO{sfg"gadf]lhdsf] ;hfo lgwf{/0f ubf{ lgZro g}rsf] { kg{ hfg] b]lvPaf6 !** g+= adf]lhdk|ltjfbLnfO{ !) jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] .

Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

2222222222


!%df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df= Gof =>L tf lx/ cnL cG;f/L /df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^^–CR–)%)@, st{Jo Hofg, u+ufaxfb'/ yfkf lj=g]kfn;/sf/

jf/bftdf ;dofjlwsf] lx;fj ubf{ jf/bftePsf] ldlt jf /fdrGb| k|;fO{sf] d[To' ePsf] ldltdWo]Ps lbg afx]s u/L lx;fj ug'{kg]{df ;f]cg';f/ lx;fjubf{ jf/bft ePsf] 7Ls @! cf}+ lbg d[To' ePsf]b]lvG5 . ldlt @)^$.$.@! sf] !(=)) jh] jf/bftePsf] / d[tssf] d[To' ldlt @)^$.%.!) sf] lbpF;f]ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df x]bf{ klg Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]( g+= sf] cj:yf cyf{t\ @! lbgleqdf g} /fdrGb|k|;fO{sf] d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bsn] lhsL/lnP h:tf] P]gn] lgwf{l/t u/]sf] ;dofjlw gf3L d[To'ePsf] b]lvFg gcfpg] .

jf/bftdf klxnfb]lv dfg'{kg]{;Ddsf] l/;OjL/ dfg]{ of]hgfsf] cefj 5 egL b'O{ 3/sf kl/jf/aLr;fdfGo s'/fdf emu8f / jfbljjfb ePsf] 36gfn]uDeL/ ?k lng k'uL ;f]xL cj:yfdf tTsfn p7]sf]l/;sf] emf]sdf u+ufaxfb'/ yfkfn] afF;sf] nf7Ln]k|xf/ u/L 3fOt] agfPsf] / pkrf/sf qmddf 3fOt]/fdrGb| k|;fO{sf] P]gsf] Dofbleq Hofg dg{ uPsf]b]lvG5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltsf] 36gf Hofg;DaGwLsf]!$ g+= sf] kl/lwleq gkg]{ eGg] b]lvFb}g . clkt' o:tf]/ o:t} 36gfsf] nflu pQm !$ g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpg] x'gfn] k|:t't jf/bftdf klgHofg ;DaGwL dxnsf] !$ g+= cfslif{t x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g++= Ôhnf; g++= Ôhnf; g++= Ôhnf; g++= Ôhnf; g++= ^

!df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, j:tL, j:tL, j:tL, j:tL, l/6 g+= )^%–WO–)##), pTk|]if0fldl>tk/dfb]z, e"k]Gb| l;Fx /fodfemL lj= /]l8of] k|;f/;]jf ;ldlt ;d]t

/]l8of] k|;f/ ljsf; ;ldlt sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ lgodfjnL, @)%& sf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgaf6 lgod%& df ePsf] ;+zf]lwt Joj:yf ;a} txsf]sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf nfu" ePsf] b]lvPsf] / To;/L;+zf]wg x'Fbf ;+zf]lwt lgodfjnL nfu" x'g'eGbfcufl8 ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf;fljss} Joj:yf nfu" x'g] u/L arfpsf] Joj:yfu/]sf] cj:yf ;d]t gb]lvFbf lgj]bssf] lgj]bglhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsg] .

lgj]bs a9'jf x'g rfx]sf] kb gjf}+ txsf]ePsf]n] pQm kbnfO{ lgodfjnLsf] lgod %&-@_n] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf cyf{t\ :gftsf]kflwcfjZos kg]{df lgj]bsn] pQm lgodfjnLadf]lhdlgwf{/0f u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf k]z u/]sf] b]lvPg .pQm lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of}UotfgeP klg ;ftf}+ tx;Dd Ps tx a9'jf ug{ afwfgkg]{ eP tfklg lgj]bs a9'jf x'g rfx]sf] kb gjf}+txsf] x'Fbf pQm kbsf] a9'jfsf] nflu lgodfjnLn]tf]s]adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf cfjZos kg]{ .

lgj]bsn] /]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf ljsf; ;ldlt,sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)%& sf] lgod%&-@_ adf]lhdsf] :gfts txsf] z}lIfs of]Uotfk|fKt u/]sf] gb]lvPsf] / ;f] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/dfgjf}+ txdf a9'jf x'g gkfpg] u/L lgodfjnLn] g}aGb]h nufO/x]sf] cj:yfdf lgj]bsnfO{ a9'jfl;kmfl/z gug]{ u/L kbk"lt{ ;ldlt tyf ;~rfns;ldltsf] sfdsf/jfxL u}/sfg"gL b]lvg gcfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, j:tL, j:tL, j:tL, j:tL, @)^^ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )&!$, c+z, h}axfb'/>]i7 ;d]t lj= /fds'df/ >]i7

k | ltjfbL lji0 f 's 'df/ Lsf ] gfddf/fhLgfdfaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] 3/hUufnfO{ lghLcfh{gaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] eGg] cy{ u/L k|ltjfbLsf]lghL dfgL c+lzof/aLr a08f gnfUg] 7x/ ug'{Gofof]lrt gx'g] .

2323232323


kmf}hL gf]s/Lsf] k|df0fkqaf6 k|ltjfbLh}axfb'/ @)!( ;fnb]lv @)$& ;fn;Dd ef/tLo;]gfdf sfo{/t\ eO{ tTkZrft\ lgj[lQe/0fdf cfPsf]eGg] b]lvPsf] / gf]s/Laf6 cflh{t /sdaf6 3/agfPsf] eGg] k|ltjfbLsf] lhsL/nfO{ jfbLn] k|df0fa6v08g ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f ls=g+= !)* sf]klZrdtkm{sf] 3/ k|ltjfbLn] lghL cfh{gaf6 agfPsf]eGg] b]lvFbf pQm 3/af6 jfbLn] c+z kfpg g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, j:tL, j:tL, j:tL, j:tL, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=))%#,))%$ c+z5f]8kq lnvt ab/, lr/LsfhL zfSo lj=b]jd'gLzfSo, nIdL zfSo lj= b]jd'gL zfSo

h'g lnvtsf] cfwf/df bfjLsf] hUufk|ltjfbLsf] gfddf btf{ x'g uPsf] xf] ;f] lnvt g}ab/ eO;s]sf] b]lvPsf]n] k|ltjfbLsf] gfddf btf{x'g uPsf] xssf] ;|f]tsf] d"n lnvt g} ab/ eO;s]kl5k|ltjfbLsf] gfddf pQm lgliqmo eO;s]sf] lnvtsf]gftfn] ePsf] btf{;d]t :jtM ab/ x'g] eO{ k|ltjfbLsf]gfdsf] btf{ sfod /lx/xg ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvFg] .

lhNnf, k'g/fj]bg / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]km};nfaf6 jfbLsf] lnvt ;b/ sfod eO{ ljjflbt3/hUufdf jfbLsf] xs sfod eO;s]sf] b]lvPaf6jfbLsf] xs ePsf] / xs j]xsdf cbfntdf d'2fk/L cl3 g} jfbLsf] xs :yflkt eO{ ljjfbsf]lg/f]k0f eO{ k|ltjfbL lr/LsfhL zfSosf] xssf];|f ]tsf] lnvt g} sfod g/x]sf] cj:yfdfk|ltjfbLx¿ aLr clxn] cfP/ ePsf] c+z 5f]8kqsf]lnvtn] sfg"gL dfGotf kfpg g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§,e§,e§,e§,e§, )^&–RC–))%!, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/lj= /fhs'df/ >]i7

jf/bft PsfGt:yn h+undf 36]sf]n] To:tf]7fpFdf cGo JolQmsf] pkl:ylt x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgfgx'Fbf st{Jo u/L df/]sf] b]Vg] k|ToIfbzL{ ;fIfLsf]pkl:ylt gx'g' klg :jfefljs} xf] . TolQs} sf/0fn]dfq jf/bftdf oL k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf 5}gegL cGo kl/l:ylthGo k|df0fnfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ug{ gldNg] .

gftf geP klg d[tssf] 8]/f sf]7fdfk|ltjfbL cfO/xg], slxn] s'g} 7fpFdf slxn] s'g}7fpFdf 3'dfpg nfg] u/]af6 lgh 5f]/fn] ;Demfpg]u/]sf], @)^#.$.!# eGbf k"j{sf lbgdf klg oL b'a}d[ts / k|ltjfbL kIf ;f]xL h+undf hfg], h+unleqg} w]/} x/fpg] / a]n'sf kv kms{g] u/]sf] tLJolQmx¿ Ps hgf log} k|ltjfbL / Pshgf log}d[ts /x]sL egL jg /Ifs e/taxfb'/ /fO{,zflGt/fd ltjf/L, nf]sgfy kf]v/]n, u+uf uxt/fh;d]tn] tyf 36gf x'g' k"j{ s]xL lbg cufl8 log}k|ltjfbLsf] sfvdf log} d[ts a;L ukm u/]sf]b]v]sf]n] cfkm"nfO{ z/d nfuL 3/ uPsf] /k|ltjfbLn] h+undf Nofpg] log} d[ts dlxnf x'g\egL sfuh ug'{sf] ;fy} ;f]xL Joxf]/f ;dy{g x'g]u/L hfx]/jfnf, d[tssf 5f]/f tyf wgdfof uf}td;d]tn] u/]sf] askq ;d]tnfO{ Circumstantial

Fact n] ;dy{g u/]sf]n] sNkgf eÌ] ofds'df/L;'j ]bLsf ] d[To' k|ltjfbL /fhs'df/ >]i7sf ]st{Joaf6 ePsf] tYo z+sf/lxt tj/af6 k'li6x'g cfpg] .

OGsf/Ln] dfq s'g} cleo'Qmn] cf/f]lkts;"/af6 km';{b kfpg / ;hfoaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg;Sb}g . ;hfoaf6 aRgsf nflu cbfntdf;fdfGo¿kn] OGsf/L aofg ug'{ Pp6f s'/f xf] /To;sf] k'i6\ofO{+sf nflu ljZj;gLo / 7f]; cfwf/,k|df0f klg k]z ug{ ;Sg' csf]{ s'/f xf] . b'a}cj:yfnfO{ cbfntn] uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ug'{kg]{x'G5 . b'O{dWo] bf];|f] cj:yf a9L ljZj;gLo x'g;S5 h;sf] v08g jfbL kIfaf6 x'g g;s]dflgbf]{liftfsf] nflu k|df0fsf] ¿kdf u|fXo x'g;Sb5 . t/ cleof]hg kIfaf6 pNn]v k|df0fx¿sf]pkl:yltdf cleo'Qmsf] klxnf] cj:yfsf] ;fdfGo

2424242424


OGsf/L dfq lghsf] lgbf]{liftfsf] k|df0f aGgg;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tOhnf; clws[tM bLks 9sfnsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ #! ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, e§, e§, e§, e§, )^#–CI–)%&), k/dfb]z, lj/f6gu/ h'6 ldN;lnld6]8 ;d]t lj= hubLz d08n ;d]t

>d P]g, @)$* cg';f/ clwsf/k|fKtlgsfo >d sfof{non] cfˆgf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf];Gbe{df >d P]g, @)$* df ePsf sfg"gLJoj:yfcg'¿k sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg] g} b]lvPsf] / ;f];DaGwdf >d sfof {nosf] cfb]zpk/ >dcbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;d]tpQm P]gsf] bkmf ^) ;d]tdf e}/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf;f]tkm{sf] :jfefljs sfg"gL pkrf/sf] dfu{ kl/Tofuu/L j}slNks pkrf/ gePsf] eGb} k/dfb]zsf]cfb ]zsf ] dfu u/L lgj ]bsx¿ k'g/fj ]bgcbfnt;dIf k|j]z u/]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf k|:t't ljifodfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M lgd{nf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv !( ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, e§, e§, e§, e§, )^&–CR–)!!*, )!!(, )^&, )!@), ;/sf/Lsfuh sLt]{, cAb'n ldofF cG;f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/,dxdt d':tsLd cG;f/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/,/fdf>ok|;fb s'zjfxf lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

cfkm"n] v/Lb ul/lnPsf] hUuf;DaGwL ;|]:tfcGo JolQmx¿åf/f sLt]{ ul/Psf] cfwf/df dfqpQm hUuf v/Lb ul/lng] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL dxdb;lxb ldofFnfO{ ;/sf/L sfuh sLt]{df ;hfo ug{gldNg] .

hfx]/L b/vf:tdf cAb'n ldofF cG;f/Ln]s] s:tf] sfo{ u/L ;/sf/L sfuh sLt]{ u/]sf] xf];f] s'/f :ki6 v'nfO{ kf]n ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g eg]

cleof]u kqdf ;d]t lghsf] ;/sf/L sfuh sLt]{ug]{ sfo{df of] o; lsl;dsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] eGg]Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] b]lvb}g . bfjLsf] lnvt sLt]{ug]{ sfo{df oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL cAb'n ldofFcG;f/Lsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] eÌ] tYonfO{ k'li6 ug]{lsl;dsf 7f]; ;a"b k|df0f jfbL kIfn] u'hfg{ g;s]sf]cj:yfdf s]jn hfx]/L b/vf:t / cleof]u kqdfgfd ;dfj]z ePs} cfwf/df dfq bf]ifL 7x/ ug{gldNg] .

k|ltjfbLx¿ dxdb d':tsLd cG;f/L,/fdf>ok|;fb s'zjfxf / /O;g vft'gn] s;"/u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsfn] lghx¿nfO{ 7x/ u/]sf]s}bsf] xsdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nfldn]sf] x'Fbf ;f] xb;Dd ;b/ x'G5 . h/Ljfgfsf]xsdf lnvtadf]lhd hgxL ¿=*&$.– h/Ljfgfug'{kg]{df ¿=!,%),))).– h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x/ u/]sf]xsdf;Dd k'gf/j]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf]gb]lvFbf pQm km};nf s]xL pN6L eO{ k|ltjfbLx¿dxdb d':tsLd cG;f/L, /fdf>ok|;fb s'zjfxfnfO{hgxL ¿=*&$.– h/Ljfgf x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fk|;fb kf}8]nsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ !( ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df klg o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf 5g\M§ @)%* ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *@)@, btf{ ab/

xs sfod, x';]g ldofF cG;f/L lj= /O;gvft'g ;d]t

§ @)%* ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *@)#, km};nf ab/,x';]g ldofF cG;f/L lj= /O;g vft'g ;d]t

&df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhdf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, e§, e§, e§, e§, @)^@ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #)%*, #)**, #!@#,#@%#, ##)&, #^)#,)^^–CR–))#%, e|i6frf/, k|bLks]=;L= lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, g/]zs'df/ k|wfg lj=g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= /fdhLk|;fb d/x§f,emnsdfg >]i7 lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, ;/f]hk|;fb9'Ëfgf lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, u0f]zaxfb'/ /fodfemLlj= g]kfn ;/sf/, cgLn If]qL lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

2525252525


a}+lsË gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwcg';f/ shf{;Ldf :jLs[t eO;s]kl5 ;'/If0fafkt ljlwjt\d"NofÍg u/fO{ /flvPsf] lwtf] ljlwjt\ ;f] lwtf]kf; u/fPkZrft\ dfq cf]e/8«g shf{ ;'ljwfcGtu{t/sd e'QmfgL lbg ;lsg] l:yltdf ;f]sf] ljk/Lts'g} klg k|lqmof cjnDag gu/L ;Lw} cf]e/8«gshf{ egL /sd e'QmfgL lng'lbg' u/]sf] sfo{af6a}+snfO{ xflg / cfkm"nfO{ u}/sfg"gL nfe k'¥ofpg]lgotn] ul/Psf] To:tf] s;"/hGo sfo{ lghx¿n]ul/;s]kl5 To:tf] /sd a'emfpF5' egL lhsL/ lnFb}df:yflkt eO;s]sf] s;"/af6 5'6sf/f kfpg ;Sg]cj:yf gx'Fbf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL cgLn If]qLsf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug g;Sg] .

/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s k"0f{ ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf]a}+s /x]sf] / k|ltjfbLx¿ cgLn If]qL / dx]Gb|dfgl;Fxn] u+uf cfon :6f]/ v/Lb ug]{ eÌ] of]hgfagfO{ v/Lb ug'{ cufj}b]lv a}+s;Fu ldn]dtf] u/Lshf{ lng] gfddf of]hgfa4 ¿kdf u}/sfg"gLtj/af6 /sd lgsfn]sf] tyf k|ltjfbL ;/f]hk|;fb9'Ëfgf, u0f]zaxfb'/ /fodfemL, g/]zs'df/ k|wfg,k|bLk s]=;L= / emnsdfg >]i7n] hfgL–hfgLlgotaz To:tf] ;/sf/L a}+ssf] /sd shf{ lbg]gfddf :jLs[t shf{ ;Ldf gePsf k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{c;'/lIft tj/af6 cf]e/8«g x'g] u/L k6s–k6se'QmfgL lbg] tyf a}+sdf /sd g} bflvnf gu/L jfs'g} vftfdf vr{ g} ghgfO{ pQ/ vltj8fn] e'QmfgLkfpg] u/L 8«fkm\6 agfO{ lbg] h:tf u}/sfg"gL sfo{u/]sf] Pj+ To:tf] sfo{ a}+ssf] gLlt, lgod, lgb]{zg,a}+lsË k|lqmofljk/Lt eO{ tTsfnLg e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fP]g, @)!& n] kl/eflift u/]cg';f/sf] e|i6frf/hGosfo{ dfÌ' kg]{ .

k|ltjfbLx¿ xl/k|;fb d/xÝf, /fdhLk|;fbd/xÝf, /f]hk|;fb lqkf7L / Ps/fh lqkf7Ln]bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] ldl;n ;+nUg ;a"bk|df0faf6 k'li6 x'g ;Qm}g . ;f] 7xgf{n] tTsfnk|rlnt e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf] bkmf@(-!_ adf]lhd s;}sf] vftfdf vr{ ghgfO{ //sd ;d]t bflvn gu/fO{ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s,sn+sLsf gfpFsf ] 8«fˆ6 lvr]tkm {sf ] lauf ]

¿=^,)),))).– sf ] bfdf;fxLn] x 'g ] lauf ]¿=@,)),))).– hgxL k|ltjfbL ;/f]hk|;fb 9'+ufgf/ u0f]zaxfb'/ /fodfemLaf6 /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s,uh'/LnfO{ e/fO{ lghx¿nfO{ pQm P]gsf] bkmf@(-@_ sf ] k | ltjGwfTds jfSof +zcg ';f/lghx¿af6 e/fO{ kfpg] 7x/]sf] lauf]adf]lhdhgxL ¿=@,)),))).– h/Ljfgf x'G5 . pQm P]gsf]bkmf @(-!_ adf]lhd vftf g+= %@$ tkm{sf] lauf]¿=$#,(#,$*).– k|ltjfbL dx]Gb| kfn l;Fxaf6 /vftf g + = $)! tyf %$^ tkm {sf ] lauf ]¿=#!,%!,(^^.!# k|ltjfbL cgLn If]qLaf6 /fli6«ojfl0fHo a}s, uh'/LnfO{ e/fO{ pQm P]gsf] bkmf *tyf bkmf @(-@_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zcg';f/lghx¿af6 el/kfpg] 7x/]sf] lauf]adf]lhd k|ltjfbLdx]Gb|dfg l;FxnfO{ ¿=$#,(#,$*).– / k|ltjfbLcgLn If]qLnfO{ ¿=#!,%!,(^^.!# h/Ljfgf x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @* ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb'/ sfsL{, e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, lj=kmf}=)))*, cbfntsf]ckx]ngf, clwjQmf 6]saxfb'/ /fjn lj=b[li6;fKtflxs sfof{no ;d]t

b[li6 klqsfsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs zDe' >]i7,hubDaf k|];nufotn] k]z u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkmaf6cbfntk|lt cufw cf:yf ePsf] cbfntsf] ckx]ngfug]{ dg;fo gePsf], k|sflzt ;fdu|Laf6 cbfntsf]ckdfg x'g uPdf Ifdf ofrgf ug{ tof/ 5' egLpNn]v u/]sf ] b ] lv Fbf lgj]bg bfjLcg';f/ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;hfo ug'{ gkg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M lgd{nf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 @& ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Ldf=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb '/ sfsL { , e/taxfb '/ sfsL { , e/taxfb '/ sfsL { , e/taxfb '/ sfsL { , e/taxfb '/ sfsL { , @)^*–WH–))!),aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f ;d]t, u+ufk|;fb r'8fn lj=sf/fuf/sfof{no huGgfyb]jn sf7df8f};d]t

2626262626


Dofb tfd]n ubf{ s]jn cf}krfl/stf k"/fug]{ lsl;dn] tfd]n gu/L Dofbjfnf JolQmn] plrt;dodf hfgsf/L kfO{ cleo]fusf] ;DaGwdf ;k|df0fk|ltjfb ug{ plrt cj;/ kfpg'kg]{ .

;'g'jfO{sf] cj;/ g} k|fKt gu/]sf] sf/0faf6d'2fdf cfkm" lj?4sf] cleof]udf nfu]sf] s;"/sfaf/]df hfGg kfpg], k|df0f u'hf/L s;"/sf] k|ltjfbug{ kfpg], sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f k|lt/Iff ug{ kfpg]/ k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] h:tf :jR5 ;'g'jfO{ (Fair

Trail_ ;DaGwL xsaf6 jl~rt x'g] .cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfadf]lhd k|rlnt

sfg"gsf] cfwf/df hf/L ePsf] s}bL k"hL{sf cfwf/dfs}bdf j;]sf]nfO{ u}/sfg"gL y'gf eGg gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sfsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!)df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, )^^–CI–)!%&, CI–#!&,CI–#@), CI–#!*, CI–)#!(, c+z rng, vu]Gb|Wjhhf]zL lj= r08LdfgWjh hf]zL, uf]k'h]Gb|Wjh hf]zLlj= r08LdfgWjh hf]zL, of]u]Gb|Wjh hf]zL lj=r08LdfgWjh hf]zL, uf]k'h]Gb|Wjh hf]zL lj=r08LdfgWjh hf]zL, of]u]Gb|Wjh hf]zL lj=r08LdfgWjh hf]zL,

k|ltjfbL vu]Gb|Wjhsf] gfddf ePsf] hUufk}t[s xf], ;f] lsQfsf6 u/L ls=g+= @)! af6vu]Gb|Wjhn] cfˆgf] c+z efu 5f]/LnfO{ as;lbO;s]sfn] lghsf] gfddf afFsL /x]sf] ls=g+= @)@sf] ;Dk"0f{ hUuf lgh afx]s # c+lzof/sf] dfq efunfUg] x'Fbf ;f]adf]lhd a08f ul/kfpFm eÌ] k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLx¿ of]u]Gb|Wjh / uf]k'h]Gb|Wjhsf] lhsL/lghx¿ ;d]t pkl:yt eO{ kf/Lt u/]sf] pQm@)#).&.@) sf] lnvtcg';f/ ljjlGwt x'g] x'Fbfo'lQm;+ut Pj+ ts{;+ut b]lvg cfPg . o;y{tfobftLdf plNnlvt ;DklQ afx]s ;fljsdf k|ToyL{jfbL rl08dfgWjh hf]zLsf gfddf btf{ /xL xfnlghsf] 5f]/f cgLnWjh hf]zLsf gfddf ePsf];fljs sn+sL uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ̂ ls=g+= @* If]qkmn

!–&–)–) xfn gfkLdf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfj8f g+= !$ l;6 g+= !)@–!!$@–!) ls=g+= %%If]qkmn ))^(&=)) juf{ld6/ hUuf / ;f]df /x]sf]3/ 6x/fx¿ tyf rl08dfg hf]zL ;d]tsf gfpFdf;+o'Qm btf{ /x]sf] ;fljs sflndf6L uf=lj=;= j8fg+= @v ls=g+= %% If]qkmn )–*–)–) xfn gfkLdfsfod sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# ls=g+=$% If]qkmn )–*–)–) hUuf / ;f]df /x]sf] 3/6x/fx¿ ;uf]nsf] k}t[s e} a08f nfUg] b]lvFbf pQm;DklQ jfbL rl08dfgWjh, k|ltjfbLx¿ of]u]Gb|Wjh/ uf]k'h]Gb|Wjh hf]zLsf aLrdf a08f nfUg] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]t, xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M lgd{nf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @) ut /f]h @ z'ed\ .o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df klg o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf 5g\M§ )^^–CI–)!%$, CI–#@@, CI–!%%, CI–

)!%^, CI–)#@!, c+z rng, vu]Gb|Wjhhf]zL lj= uf]k'h]Gb|Wjh hf]zL, uf]k'h]Gb|Wjhhf]zL lj=vu]Gb|Wjh hf]zL, vu]Gb|Wjh hf]zLlj= r08LdfgWjh hf]zL ;d]t, vu]Gb|Wjhhf]zL lj= of]u]Gb|Wjh hf]zL, of]u]Gb|Wjhhf]zL lj= vu]Gb|Wjh hf]zL

§ )^^–CI–)!%*, hUuf lvrf]nf, vu]Gb|Wjhhf]zL lj= cgLnWjh hf]zL

§ )^^–CI–)!%(, ldnfkq ab/, vu]Gb|Wjhhf]zL lj= r08LdfgWjh hf]zL ;d]t

!!df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^^ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)&&*, c+z, t'n;Lb]jL s'Fj/ ;d]t lj= lx/fnfns'Fj/ ;d]t

dlxnfn] k|fKt ug]{ c+z xssf] ;|f]t eg]sf]j}jflxs gftfn] klttkm{sf] k}lqs ;DklQ / cljjflxtcj:yfdf hGdsf] gftfaf6 afa'tkm{sf] k}t[s;DklQaf6 c+z k|fKt ug]{ sfg"gadf]lhdsf c+zsfxsbf/ x'g\ . logLx¿n] s;}sf] s[kf jf bofdfofaf6c+z kfpg] geO{ sfg"gL k|fjwfgaf6 g} c+z kfpg]xsbf/ ePsfn] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ gfd

2727272727


dfqsf] c+z lbg] sn'lift efjgf tyf p2]Zon]clek|]l/t eO{ ul/Psf To:tf lnvtnfO{ cfwf/dfgL gfd dfqsf] c+z lbg] lsl;dn] lgrf]8dfk'Ug'kg]{ eg]sf] Gofosf] dfu{ cj/f]w ug'{ ;dfgx'g] .

k}t[s ;DklQ gftfn] klxnf afa' / To;kl5;Gtltdf ;/L cfpg] eP tfklg To:tf] k}t[s ;DklQafa'sf] Psnf}6L dfÌ'kg]{ P]gsf] dg;fo sbflkgx'g] .

c+lzof/x¿n] kf/:kl/s ;xdltaf6cfkm"x¿n] cfˆgf] xs k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ t/, To;/Lc+lzof/aLr s'g} lnvt jf Jojxf/ ubf{ To:tf]s'g} c+lzof/n] cfkm"n] c+z lbg'kg]{ cGo c+lzof/sf]c;xdlt x'Fbfx'Fb} p;sf] c+z xsnfO{ ;Lldt jf;+s'lrt ug]{ u/L s'g} lnvt ug{ kfOFb}g . c+zxsh:tf] g};lu{s clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t x'g] u/L v8fePsf] lnvt :jtM ab/efuL x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM kml0fGb| k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 @% ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )%#(,

hfn;fh, t'n;Lb]jL s'Fj/ ;d]t lj=lx/fnfn s'Fj/ ;d]t ePsf] hfn;fhd'2fdf klg o;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

!@df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=@)^#–CI–)!^@, lgif]wf1f, g]kfn /]Nj] sDkgL ln=;d]t lj=rGb]Zj/ ;fx xn'jfO{ ;d]t

/]Nj]sf] xs btf{leqsf] hUufdf v/Lb ljqmLePsf] cyjf 3/ lgdf{0f ePsf] eP /]Nj] P]g tyfcGo k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lnvt ab/, 3/ eTsfO{kfpFm jf v/ lvrf]nf cflbtkm{ lkm/fb u/Lsfg"gadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/L cfkm\gf]xssf] hUuf sfod u/L hUuf vfnL u/fO{ lngkfpg] cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb}sf] l:yltdf k|x/L nufO{lgj]bsx¿sf] 3/ hUuf vfnL u/fpg] jf x:tIf]kug]{ sfo{ ug{ vf]h]sf] cfz+sfsf] l:ylt b]lvg cfof] .sDkgL klg Pp6f JolQm ePsfn] Pp6f JolQmn]

u/]sf] sfdsf/jfxLdf lrQ gj'em]df lrQ gj'em\g]JolQmn] sfg"gadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/Lcfkm\gf] xs sfod u/fpg' kb{5, hUuf hldg /3/af; h:tf] b]jfgL k|s[ltsf] k|lqmofdf k|x/LnufP/ jnhkm\tL cfkm\gf] xs sfod u/fpg vf]Hg]s'/f sfg"g;Ddt x'g g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM x]daxfb'/ ;]gsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @# ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!#df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=@)^$–CI–)!)#, )!#@, btf{ kmf/L, nId0fnfnhf]zL lj=df]xg t08'sf/, df]xg t08'sf/ lj=nId0fnfn hf]zL

jfbL k|ltjfbL b'j}sf] ;+o'Qm btf{sf] hUufsf]tkm{af6 ljjfb k/]kl5 :ynut?kdf km};nfsfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf b08;hfosf] $# g+=adf]lhd b'j} kIfnfO{ /fvL g/d s/d ldnfO{ afF8kmfF8u/L b'j} kIfn] cnu–cnutkm{ lng d~h"/ u/]df;f]xLadf]lhd / ;f]adf]lhd d~h"/ gu/]dfb08;hfosf] $^ g+= adf]lhd uf]nf xfnL ;f] ;d]tsfk|lqmof k"/f u/L tkm{ 5'6\ofO{ lbg' dgfl;j x'g] x'Fbf;f]adf]lhd g/ds/d ldnfO{ btf{kmf/L lbg] u/LePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf sfg"g;+ut g}b]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= @)^$–

CI–)!)$, )!##, btf{ kmf/L, nId0fnfnhf]zL lj=df]xg t08'sf/, df]xg t08'sf/lj= nId0fnfn hf]zL ePsf] d'2fdf ;d]to;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

!$df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=))$$, hUuf lvrf]nf d]6fO{ 3/ eTsfO{ rng,ufnjaxfb'/ 9'+ufgf lj=u+uf/fd rf}w/L

2828282828


ls=g=+ !&* sf] hUuf bdf rf}w/Lsf]ef]urngdf /x]sf] lkmN8j's ptf/af6 b]lvPsf] /pQm hUufdf @)%! ;fnb]lv k|ltjfbL u+uf/fdrf}w/Ln] 3/ agfO{ j;f]jf; u/L cfPsf] eGg] 3/s/ /l;b / gS;f d'r'Nsfdf plNnlvt ef}ltsljj/0f ;d]taf6 b]lvPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf jfbLn] pNn]vu/]cg';f/ ljjflbt 3/ k|ltjfbLn] @)%( ;fndfagfPsf] eGg] bfjL ;a"b k|df0faf6 k'li6 x'g gcfpg] .

jfbLsf] hUufdf k|ltjfbLn] 3/ agfpFb}u/]sf] cj:yfdf / 3/ agfO{ ;s]kZrft\ klg pQm3/ eTsfO{ kfpFm egL df}h"bf sfg"gL Joj:yf d'n'sLP]g, 3/ agfpg]sf] dxnsf] !! g+= sf] xbDofbleqjfbLn] ph"/L lbPsf] gb]lvFbf o;/L sfg"gn] tfs]sf]k|lqmofadf]lhd ph"/L ug{ gcfpg]nfO{ cbfntn];xof]u ug{ g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)^#%,

hUuf lvrf]nf rng, ufnjaxfb'/ 9'+ufgflj=3':s' rf}w/L ePsf] d'2fdf ;d]to;}cg'?k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

!%df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^& ;fnsf] CI–!#(@,!$#&, c+z rng, a'z/f vft'g ;d]t lj=dDtfhafg', dDtfh afg' lj=df]xDdb Ps/fd'n xs ;d]t

k]z ePsf] tfobftL ljj/0faf6 ljleGg 3/hUuf;lxtsf crn ;DklQ k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsfgfddf /x]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] / jfbLsf gfddf s'g}klg crn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f /x]sf] gv'n]sf] cj:yfdfg/d u/d ;d]t ldnfO{ klxn} c+za08f ePsf] /x]5egL ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . s[lif ljsf;a}+sdf /x]sf] elgPsf] /sd jfbLsf] c+z xs nfUg]hUuf ljqmL u/]afkt jfbLsf] xs lx:;fdf kg{ cfpg]/sd ;f] vftfdf hDdf u/]sf] b]lvPsf] egL k|df0fdfcfPsf] lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^^.#.#) df km};nfePsf] log} jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf] ;+jt\@)^$ ;fnsf] b'=b]=g+= ^%!# sf] lnvt ab/ d'2fsf]

km};nfaf6 b]lvFPsf] l:yltdf a}+sdf hDdf u/]sf]elgPsf] /sd dfq ljkIfL jfbLsf] c+zafktsf] lyof]egL cg'dfg u/L c+z h:tf] g};lu{s clwsf/af6al~rt ug{ gldNg] .

k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] lbPsf] Dofbadf]lhdsf]clwsf/ / k|lqmof cg'z/0f u/L o; cbfntdfjfbLsf] ;d]t k|:t't k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] b]lvFbf ;f]DofbnfO{ cfkm\g} cfr/0fn] :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf]cj:yfdf tT;DjGwL k|Zg p7fpg' :jo+dflj/f]wfefifk"0f{ b]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sfsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} @! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!^df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^# ;fnsf ]b]=k'=g+=)()), lgsf; af6f] v'nfO{ rng, >L/fdnfld5fg] ;d]t lj=/Tgk|;fb bjf8L

jfbLsf] ls=g+= !$! sf] k"j{tkm{ / blIf0ftkm{lgsf; af6f] b]lvPsf] t/ pQ/tkm{ af6f] /x] ePsf]gb]lvPsf] / pQ/tkm{ g=g+= ! sf] ;6/ /x]sf] ejgsf]lbjfn cl3 g} jlg;s]sf] cj:yf b]lvFbf cbfntaf6;e]{ gS;fljk/Lt ePsf] gS;f ljj/0fsf] cfwf/dfg=g+= # sf] af6f] v'nfpg g=g+= @ df nufPsf]kvf{n eTsfO{ af6f] lgsf; v'nfpg] u/L ePsf]km};nf tYo / k|df0fsf] /f]xdf gldn]sfn] jfbLsf]ls=g+= !$! sf] hUufsf] pQ/tkm{ s'g} lgsf; af6f]/x] ePsf] ;e]{ gS;faf6 gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf jfbLbfjL k'Ug g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!&df= Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Ldf = Gof =>L k | ]d zdf { / df = Gof =>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^$ ;fnsf ]b'=kmf}=g+=@)^$–CR–)!!&, hfn;fh, sdnf t08'sf/lj=nId0fnfn hf]zL

af6f] k|of]u ;DaGwdf k|]dntf / jfbLaLr3/;f/df tof/ ePsf] zt{gfdfsf] lnvt k|ltjfbL

2929292929


nId0fnfn hf]zLsf] cg'kl:yltdf ePsf] b]lvFbflghn] v/Lb u/]sf] hUufdWo]af6 jfbLnfO{ k|]dntfn]af6f] k|of]u ug{ lbPsf] eGg] tYo k|ltjfbL nId0fnfnhf]zLnfO{ hUuf v/Lb ubf{ yfxf x'g ;Sg] cj:yfgePsf] / pQm af6f] jfbLn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/Laf6f] lvrf]nf d'2fdf km};nf eO{ ;f] d'2faf6 jfbLn]Gofo kfO;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltjfbLn] hUuf v/Lbu/ ]sf ] lnvtnfO { hfn;fh 3f ] l i ft u/Lk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;hfo ug{ Gofof]lrt gb]lvFg] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= *Ohnf; g+= *Ohnf; g+= *Ohnf; g+= *Ohnf; g+= *

!df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^&–WO–)*!@, pTk|]if0fk/dfb]z, /fdrGb| kf}8]n lj=Joj:yflksf ;+;b;lrjfno ;d]t

;/sf/L sf]if / ;/sf/sf] gfddf /x]sfcrn rn ;DklQx¿sf] :jfldTj sfg"gL ?kdfg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf /xg] eP klg o:tf];DklQsf] clGtd / jf:tljs :jfldTj ;fj{ef}dg]kfnL hgtf g} x'g\ eGg] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 . log};fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|ltlglw jf 6«i6L (Trustee)

sf] ?kdf dfq pQm ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf/xg] x'Fbf o:tf] ;DklQnfO{ dlGqkl/ifb\ / o;sf;b:ox¿n] cfkm\gf] lghL ;DklQ ;/x k|of]u ug{kfpg] ;DklQsf] ?kdf x]g{ gldNg] .

;fj{ef }dx¿sf] jf:tljs / clGtd:jfldTjsf] sf]if / ;DklQsf] k|of]u lghx¿åf/fJoQm O{R5fcg';f/ dfq x'g ;Qm5 / of] O{R5feg]sf] ;fj{ef}dx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ Joj:yflksf;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg"gåf/f dfq cleJoQm x'g] s'/fxf] . ;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg"gn] lbPsf] clVtof/LgeO{ s]jn gLltut lg0f{osf] gfddf dlGqkl/ifb\n]sfg"gL clVtof/L lagf /fHosf]ifdf Jooef/ x'g]u/L s'g} ;'ljwf lbg] jf s'g} ;/sf/L ;DklQ s'g}

JolQmnfO{ k|of]u ug{ lbg] sfo{ If]qflwsf/ljxLg eO{u}/sfg"gL x'g] .

dlGqkl/ifb\n] k|rlnt sfg"gdf plNnlvtk|of]hg / clVtof/LeGbf aflx/ uO{ ;/sf/L sf]ifdfJooef/ x'g] u/L ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf jf g/x]sfjf ;/sf/L sfddf vl6Psf jf gvl6Psf s'g} klgJolQmnfO{ s'g} ;'ljwf, cfly{s ;xof]u, rGbf jfpkxf/ jf s'g} ;/sf/L ;DklQ k|of]u ug{ lbg]lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ eP /x]sf] cj:yf gb]lvFg] .

;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf jf ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6cjsfz ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]eGbf a9L ;'ljwf lbg] u/L ;/sf/L sf]ifdf Jooef/yKg] clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ gx'g] / o:tf] lg0f{ou/]df ;+ljwfgn] c+uLsf/ u/]sf] ;Lldt ;/sf/,sfg"gsf] zf;g tyf nf]stflGqs dfGotfsfcfwf/e"t l;4fGtljk/Lt x'g] .

sfg"gsf] clVtof/Llagf sfg"gcg';f/ k|fKtgx'g] 3/ ef8f, ;jf/L ;fwg, OGwg vr{ tyf;jf/L rfnssf] ;'ljwfsf] ?kdf lgoldt ?kdfgub e'QmfgL ug]{ jf ;'ljwf lbg] / /fHosf] gfddf/x]sf] ;DklQ k|of]u ug{ lbg] af/]df dlGqkl/ifb\n]u/]sf lg0f{ox¿ s'g}klg sfg"gsf] clVtof/L gePsf]/ sfg"gL clVtof/Ldf cfwfl/t geO{ :j]R5frf/L,u}/sfg"gL tyf lje]bsf/L ePsf] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf o:tf]lg0f{on] sfg"gL dfGotf gkfpg] .Ohnf; clws[t M– xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M d'Qmf Kofs'/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn d+l;/ @@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\

@df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^& ;fn kmf}=k'=g+= )#((,hj/\h:tL s/0fL -xf8gftf_, xs{axfb'/ s'Fj/ lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

ljljw kl/l:yltsf] sf/0f kLl8t cbfntdfpkl:yt eO{ cfkm\gf] egfOx? /fVg g;s]sf] l:ylteP klg cGo ;Da4 k|df0fx?n] kLl8tn] cg';Gwfgclwsf/L;dIf eg]sf] egfOnfO{ klg k'li6 ul//x]sf]ljBdfg b]lvPdf To:tf] cj:yfdf kLl8tsf]egfOnfO{ klg k|df0fdf u|x0f ug'{kg]{ .

3030303030


kLl8tn] df}sfdf cfˆgL cfdf;Fu afa'n]cfkm"dfly u/]sf] s's[Tosf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] /cfdfn] cfˆgf] nf]Ug]nfO{ ;DemfpFbf gdfgL k6s–k6s 5f]/L;Fu of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ u/]sf] kL8f ;xgg;sL cfTdxTof;Dd u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . kLl8tn]cfˆgf] cfdfn] oL k|ltjfbLsf] s's[Toaf6 jfSs eO{cfTdxTof u/]sf] egL eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ k|ltjfbLn]cGoyf egL k|ltjfb;Dd u/]sf] klg gb]lvg'sf;fy} kLl8tsf] egfOnfO{ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg/ k|ltjfbLn] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIfdf u/]sf]aofg Joxf]/fn] jf/bft k'li6 u/]sfn] pk/f]QmplNnlvt sf/0f / k|df0f ;d]tsf cfwf/df oLk|ltjfbLn] cfˆg} 5f]/L hfx]/jfnLnfO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fLu/]sf] b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLnfO{hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] #-@_ g+= cg';f/ & jif{ s}b;hfo / xf8gftf s/0fLsf] @ g+= cg';f/ yk !) jif{s}b ;d]t hDdf !& jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M lgd{nf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^& ;fn kmf}=k'=g+= )^$@,hLp df:g] a]Rg], b]jsL v/]n -kf}8]n_ lj= g]kfn;/sf/

k|ltjfbLn] hfx]/jfnLnfO{ df]afOn rf]/Lu/]sf] cf/f]kdf ph"/ u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] sf/0fn]l/;OjL /fvL d'2f u/]sf] egL lhsL/ lnPsf] ePtfklg lghsf] ;f] lhsL/ ldl;n ;+nUg tYox¿af6;dly{t x'g cfPsf] kfOPg eg] csf]{tkm{ kLl8tsf]:jf:Yo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf lghsf] sGofhfnL k"/fg} RofltPsf] egL pNn]v ePaf6 lgh;Fu of}g;Dks{ sfo{ ePsf] tYo ;dly{t ePsf] 5 . bzLk|df0fsf] ¿kdf s08d a/fdb ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;k|sf/sf rLhj:t' km]nf kg'{n] k|ltjfbLn] ;~rfngu/]sf] /]i6'/]06df of}g Joj;fo klg ;~rfng x'g]u/]sf] /x]5 eÌ] tYo ;dly{t x'g] eO{ ;f]af6k|ltjfbLpk/sf] cleof]u bfjLnfO{ g} kl/k'li6 ug]{b]lvG5 . 36gf:yn k|s[lt d'r'Nsf, a/fdbL ;fdfg,

k|ltjfbLn] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIf u/]sf]aofgaf6 cfdf afa' s;}sf] ;+/If0fdf g/x]sLcleefjsTjsf] cefjsf sf/0faf6 a];xf/fsf]l:yltdf /x]sL oL kLl8tnfO{ k|ltjfbLn] cfˆgf];Dks{df s]6fx?;Fu k6s–k6s zf/Ll/s ;Dks{/fVg afWo kfl/Psf] kLl8tsf] sygdf ljZjf; ug{gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f gb]lvFbf k|ltjfbL b]jL v/]n -kf}8]n_nfO{ hLp df:g] a]Rg] sfo{ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)$# sf]bkmf *-#_ adf]lhd !) jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M d'Qmf Kofs'/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^^ ;fn kmf}=k'=g+= )*#%,st{Jo Hofg, pbaxfb'/ 3tL{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL pbaxfb'/ 3tL{n]hfx]/jfnfsf afa' ag'nfO{ k"j{ l/;OjLsf sf/0fHofg dfg]{ dg;fo /fvL s'6kL6 u/L cfFugaf6n8fPkZrft\ klg l3;fb}{ k/ k'¥ofO{ dg]{ cj:yfdfk'lu;s]sf] d[tsnfO{ k'gM k6s–k6s s'6kL6 u/]sf]cfk/flws sfo {sf ] kl/0ffd:j¿k tTsfn36gf:yndf d[ts d/]sf] z+sf/lxt tj/af6k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLnfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x/u/L Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhd;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfo x'g] .

d[tsnfO{ dfg]{ g} p2]Zo / nIo to u/Lk"j{ of]hgf / tof/Lcg';f/ xftxltof/;lxt36gf:yndf k'uL st{Jo u/]sf], kxf8L lhNnfDofUbLsf] d'gf{ eÌ] :yfgsf] oqtq 9'Ëfd'9f k|fKtx'g ;Sg]df ;f]xL :yfgdf cjl:yt 3/ cfFug /s/];faf/Ldf 3l6t jf/bft 36gfdf klg k|ltjfbLn]d[tsnfO{ s'6kL6 ubf{ / l3;fbf{ ;fdfGo 9'Ëfd'9fnf7L jf 36gf:yn j/k/ k|fKt x'g ;Sg] ;DefljtcGo afXo ef}lts rLhj:t'sf] k|of]u u/]sf] eÌ]gb]lvPsf], d[tsn] rf]/L u/]sf] cfˆgf] afv|fsf] k};flbÌ eg]af6 cfqmf]l;t agL b'O{kIfaLr egfegsf]l:ylt eO{ nft d'Ssfn] xfGbf ;f]xL rf]6kL/sf]sf/0f d[tssf] d[To' x'g uPsf] b]lvPsf] k|:t't

3131313131


jf/bftsf] ¿k / cj:yf ljrf/ ubf{ k|ltjfbLnfO{sfg"gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf] ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf];hfo lbFbf rsf]{ x'Fbf egL c=a+= !** g++ adf]lhdlghnfO{ s}b jif{ !)-bz_ sf] ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M zDe'k|;fb zfxOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^& ;fn kmf}=k'=g+= )#^#,st{Jo Hofg, uf]ljGb Clifb]j lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|ltjfbL :jo+n] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L Pj+cbfntdf aofg ubf{ d[ts afa';Fu cfˆgf] k"j{ l/;OjLs]xL gePsf] / dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/]sf] ljifodfjfbljjfb x'Fbf tTsfn p7]sf] l/; yfDg g;sL 3/d}/x]sf] kmnfdsf] vGtLn] 6fpsf]df k|xf/ u/L To;sf]rf]6af6 d[To' ePsf] egL cf/f]lkt s;"/df ;fljt e}aofg u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;f] jf/bftdf k|of]u ul/Psf]kmnfdsf] vGtL ;fwf/0f nf7f 9'+uf, nft d'Ssfleqgkg]{ e} hf]lvdL xltof/leq kg]{ x'Fbf lgh k|ltjfbLuf]ljGb Clifb]jnfO{ d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]!#-!_ g+= adf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b x'g] .

d[tsnfO{ dfg'{kg]{ k"j{ l/;OjL, dg;fo/x] ePsf] gb]lvPsf], n'sLrf]/L xfg]sf] klg gb]lvPsf],ldl;n ;+nUg k|ltjfbLsf] cbfnt ;d]tsf] aofgdfd[ts / k|ltjfbL afa' 5f]/fx¿ /S;Ln] dflQPsf];'/df ePsf] ljjfbdf tTsfn p7]sf] l/; yfDgg;sL 3/d} ePsf] vGtLn] k|xf/ ubf{ 6fpsf]dfrf]6 nfUg uO{ d[tssf] d[To' x'g uPsf] b]lvFbfk|ltjfbL uf ]ljGb Clifb]jnfO{ 7x/]adf ]lhd;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b ubf{ rsf]{ kg{ hfg] e} lghnfO{!) jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M d'Qmf Kofs'/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>Le/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL,e/t/fh pk|]tL, @)^& ;fn kmf}=k'=g+= )#^$,st{Jo Hofg, hf]u]Gb| Clifb]j lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|ltjfbLn] cfˆgL >LdtL b'vgL b]jLn] k/k'?if;Fu of}g ;DaGw /fv]sf] eÌ] sf/0faf6 3/dfemu8f e} /L; p7L 5'/Ln] >LdtLsf] z/L/sf] hqtqefudf k|xf/ ubf{ ;f]xL rf]6kL/sf] sf/0fn] >LdtLsf]d[To' ePsf] egL lghsf] cbfnt;dIf ;d]tsf];fljtL aofgnfO{ df}sfdf a'lemPsf JolQmsf] egfO{/ kf]i6df6{d l/kf]6{sf] k'li6 ul//x]sf] b]lvFbf k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbL hf]u]Gb| Clifb]jnfO{ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]! g+= sf] s;"/df P]=sf] !#-!_ g+= adf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxthGds}b x'g] / c=a+= !** g++= cg';f/ lghk|ltjfbLnfO{ s}b jif{ !)-bz_ ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, k|f=8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^$–WO–)#($, k/dfb]z, /fh]zs'df/ sfˆn] lj= Gofokl/ifb\;lrjfno

k 'g/fj ]bg tyf lhNnf cbfntsfGofofwLzx¿sf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf ;]jfsfcGo zt{;DaGwL P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @s dfplNnlvt ljleÌ tLgj6f cfwf/dWo] h'g pd]/sf]u0fgf ubf{ klxn] cjsfz x'g] xf], ;f]xL cfwf/nfO{u0fgfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cfwf/ lng' kg]{ eÌ]sfg"gL Joj:yf tyf k|ltkflbt l;4fGt /x]sf] b]lvgcfPsf] / ;f]xL cfwf/df g} Gofo kl/ifb\n] lgj]bssf]hGd ldlt clen]v /fv]sf] b]lvg cfPsf] cj:yfdfGofo kl/ifb\sf] pQm sfo{ oL lgj]bsn] lhsL/ lnPh:tf] sfg"gljk/Lt b]lvg gcfpg] .

s'g} klg GofofwLzn] ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ k]zu/]sf k|df0fkqx¿df plNnlvt hGd ldltdfljleÌtf b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf tLdWo] h'g ldltaf6klxn] cjsfz x'G5, ;f]xL ldltnfO{ cfwf/ dfgLcjsfz kfpg] eÌ] x]Ssf /fVg' kb{5 . ;]jf k|j]zul/;s]kl5 s'g} klg cfwf/df jf s'g} klg tl/sfn]s'g} klg k|df0fkqsf] hGd ldltnfO{ ;RofOPsf]cj:yfdf ;f] ;lRrPsf] hGd ldlt jf k|df0fkqcjsfzsf] cfwf/ jf k|df0f aÌ / ;lRrPsf] hGdldlt GofofwLzsf] cjsfzsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu

3232323232


sfod x'g ;Sb}g . ;RofOPsf] k|df0fkqnfO{ cfwf/dfgL jf k|df0fkqsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sfod x'g;Qm}g . ;RofOPsf] k|df0fkqnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL jfk|df0fkqsf] ¿kdf b]vfO{ cfkm}+n] ;]jf k|j]z ubf{b]vfOPsf] hGd ldltnfO{ ;Rofpg Gofo kl/ifb\dflgj]bg lbg' jf o; cbfntnfO{ u'xfg'{ lg/y{s x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM >Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} !* ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g++= (Ohnf; g++= (Ohnf; g++= (Ohnf; g++= (Ohnf; g++= (

!df=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfn / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfn / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfn / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfn / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfn / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^^–WO–)%!(, pTk|]if0f,k/dfb]z, ;f]gfnfn ;fx snjf/ lj= uf]/v ;fxsfg" ;d]t

lnnfddf k/]sf] lhNnf af/f, /f}jfxLuf=lj=;=, j8f g+= ! u=, ls=g+= !#*, P]=ls=g+= /ls=g+= !$) sf] hUufsf] k|ltsÝf df]n ¿=!%,))).–tyf P]= t]ns'jf uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^, ls=g+= !@ sf]hUufsf] k|ltw'/ ¿=$,))).– tyf ;f]df ePsf] 3/sf]df]n ¿=!),))).– kg]{ egL af/f lhNnf cbfnttx;Ln kmfF6af6 ldlt @)^^.#.@# df k~rsLt]{d'r'Nsf v8f eO{ tbg';f/ lnnfd ePsf] ls=g+=!#^, !#* / !$) dWo]sf] ¿=%,^@%.– df]n kg]{ )–)–&½ P]=ls=g+= !@ dWo]sf] ¿=$,))).– kg]{ )–)–! w'/ hUuf ¿=!),))).– df]n kg]{ 3/ ;d]tk~rsLt]{ df]n ¿=!(,^@%.– sf] 3/ hUuf lnnfdx'Fbf k|ltjfbL ;f]gfnfn ;fxsf] ¿=!^,%)).– lnnfd;sf/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] x'gfn] lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &% sf] pk–lgod -&_sf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ lnnfd ePsf] gb]lvPsf]n] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, x]6f}+8fsf] ldlt @)^^.&.% sf] lnnfd ab/ug]{ cfb]zdf s'g} q'l6 gb]lvPsf]n] ab/ ul//fVg'k/]g, l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM /fdk|;fb e§/fO{sDKo'6/M d'Qmf Kofs'/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg @) ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= !)Ohnf; g+= !)Ohnf; g+= !)Ohnf; g+= !)Ohnf; g+= !)

!df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, l/=g+= )^&–WO–!)&@,pTk|]if0f ;d]t, eljifs'df/ >]i7 lj= k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

h'g;'s} clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ klg ljj]sk"0f{/ Gofo;+ut t/Lsf cjnDag ug'{kg]{ ;j{dfGos'/f xf] . lj/f6If]q ko{6g k|j4{g ljsf; ;ldlt-u7g_ cfb]z, @)^^ sf] pkbkmf % n] lbPsf] clwsf// Joj:yf :j]R5frf/L Pj+ clgolGqt tl/sfn] k|of]uug{sf] nflu /flvPsf] xf] egL ts{ ug'{ Gofof]lrtPj+ ljj]s;Ddt x'g] x'Fb}g . bkmf #-$_ cg';f/kbfjlw afFsL /x]s} cj:yfdf lgj]bsnfO{ cfTdlgi7tj/n] lj/f6 If]q ko{6g k|j4{g ljsf; ;dltsf]cWoIf kbaf6 x6fpg] / ljkIfL k|sfz kf}8]nnfO{ pQmkbdf dgf]gog ug]{ u/]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ ko{6g tyfgful/s p8\8og dGqfnosf] lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/fab/ x'g] 7x5{ . ;fy} l/6 lgj]bs eljios'df/ >]i7nfO{tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd ;fljsadf]lhds} lj/f6If]q ko{6gk|j4{g ljsf; ;ldltsf] cWoIf kbdf /xL sfdsfhug{ lbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z;d]t hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ef]h/fh /]UdLsDKo'6/M lgd{nf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs !# ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{,1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^% ;fnsf] WO–!)@&,pTk|]if0f ;d]t, Zofds'df/ >]i7 lj= e/tk'/gu/kflnsf, e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no,e/tk'/ lrtjg ;d]t

l/6 lgj]bssf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ lg0f{o/2 ubf{ ;f] /2 ug'{ k/]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f;lxt oLlgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ ;kmfO k]z ug]{ df}sflbO{ lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df To:tf] s'g} ;kmfOsf] df}sflbPsf] ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 gb]lvFbf e/tk'/

3333333333


gu/kflnsf af]8{sf] ldlt @)^^.#.@@ sf] lg0f{opTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ eO{ ljkIfL e/tk'/gu/kflnsfsf] af]8{af6 oL l/6 lgj]bssf] k|:tfj:jLs[t ug]{ u/L u/]sf] ldlt @)^^.#.!* sf]lg0f{oadf]lhd lgj]bs;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L lgj]bsnfO{e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] gu/ ;/;kmfO{ ;]jf z'Ns;+sng u/L sfo{ ug]{ 7]Ssf lbg' lbnfpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ljBf/fh kf}8]nsDKo'6/M d'Qmf Kofs'/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h @% ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{,>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{,>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{,>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{,>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–CI–)@*!, 3/eTsfO{ hUuf lvrf]nf d]6fO{ kfpFm, s'nk|;fb cf]8f/Llj= 6Lsf/fd e§/fO{

ldl;n ;+nUg bds gu/kflnsfsf] r=g+=!!)@^ ldlt @)^^.#.! sf] kqdf k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf]xfn ls=g+= @#$%& sf] hUuf / k|ltjfbLn] 3/agfPsf] eg]sf] P]nfgL hUufsf] aLrdf gu/kflnsfn]agfPsf ] 8 « ]g :Nofa cf=j= )%*÷%( dfgu/kflnsf tyf pkef]Qmfsf] ;xeflutfdf lgdf{0ful/Psf] eÌ] pNn]v ePsf] kfOFbf k'g/fj]bs jfbLn]bfjL u/]sf] ldlt eGbf cufj} ;f] 8«]g gfnfgu/kflnsfn] agfPsf] b]lvof] . ;f] ;dodf oLk'g/fj]bsn] bfjL ph"/ ug{ ;s]sf] kfOb}g . ;fy}To:tf] ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf /x]sf] ;fj{hlgsxf]nL÷gfnf jf k}gL To;df klg gu/kflnsfn] 8«]g:Nofa agfPsf] ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f ;+/rgf k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLn] dfq v'n]cfd¿kdf PSn} ;f/]sf] egLjfbLn] lnPsf] lhsL/ ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ;fpg #) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;, )^&–WO–)!&!, pTk|]if0fk/dfb]z, z'eb|f yfkf -sfsL{_ lj=kz'klts'df/L a:g]t-sfsL{_ ;d]t

lgj]bssf] gfddf sfod bfjLsf] hUufdWo]ls=g+= !%)$ / !%)^ hUufdf ljkIfL kz'klts'df/La:g]tn] u/]sf] egL log} l/6 lgj]bs ;d]tn] lvrf]nfd]6fO{ 6k eTsfO{ ‰ofn aGb u/fOkfpFm egL d'2flbPsf] / ;f]df log} lgj]bs ;d]tn] k'g/fj]bgcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg u/L ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] lghn]k]z u/]sf] tf/]v krf{af6 b]lvG5 . k|:t't lgj]bgdfbfjL u/]sf] gfkLsf] ldlt @)^&.!).& sf] xfn ;fljslg0f{o;Fu ;DalGwt hUufx¿;Fu ;DalGwt tYo;dfj]z /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] d'2fdf ;a"b k|df0fsf]d"NofÍg e} lg0f{o x'g] g} x'Fbf ;f] ;Ifd cbfntsf]ljrf/fwLg ljifoj:t'df c;/ kg] { u/L o;cbfntaf6 s]xL af]Ng ldn]g . ;fy} ;a"b k|df0fsf]d"NofÍg ug]{ If]q klg k|:t't c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qgePsfn] l/6 lgj]bg cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvg gcfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} ! ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;, )^&–WO–)$)(, pTk|]if0f,/fdrGb| /fgf ;d]t lj= e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfdGqfno ;d]t

hUufsf] sf/f]jf/ ug{df dfnkf]t sfof{non]/f]s gnufPsf] Pj+ k'/fgf] ;|]:tfadf]lhd g} xfnsf/f]jf/ ;d]t eO/x]sf] eÌ] ;f] sfof{nosf] lnlvthjfkmaf6 b]lvG5 . ;DklQ pkef]u ug{ /f]s nufPsf]jf xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf] /fVg;d]t dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 s'g} Jojwfg u/]sf]b]lvPg . lgj]bsx¿n] cfˆgf] ;DklQ lgjf{w ¿kn]pkef]u ug{ kfPsf] To:tf] l:yltdf ;+ljwfgk|bQ;DklQ;DaGwL xs xgg\ ePsf] eÌ ldn]g . k'/fg}la3f, w'/, sÝfaf6 xs x:tfGt/0f, kf/Lt, bfg,bftJo, a}+s ljQLo ;+:yfdf b[li6jGws /fVg / dfnkf]tc;"nLsf] sfdsf/jfxL ;d]t lgoldt¿kdf rln/x]sf]eÌ] b]lvFbf l/6 hf/L ug'{kg]{ s'g} cf}lrTo gb]lvFg] .Ohnf; clws[tM bLks 9sfnsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} * ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

3434343434


^df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;,sdngf/fo0f bf;, )^&–WO–)#&%, pTk|]if0fk/dfb]z, /fdaxfb'/ yfkf ;d]t lj= >L af/f lhNnfcbfnt, sn}of ;d]t

o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)%*.!!.!% sf]km};nfadf]lhd g} hUuf gfkgS;f u/L osLg u/Lrng rnfpg] sfo{ afFsL g} /x]sf] l:yltdf l/6sf]cGt/j:t'leq k|j]z ubf{ tNnf] txsf] cbfntsf]sf/jfxLnfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kg{ hfg] x'G5 . dflyNnf]txsf] km};nfcg'¿k km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ bfloTj/ lhDd]jf/Laf6 ;jf ] {Rr cbfntsf ] ldlt@)%*.!!.!% sf] km};nfadf]lhd rng kfpg] sfo{sfof{Gjog x'g] g} x'Fbf ;f] sfo{df x:tIf]k x'g] u/Lk|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] cGt/j:t'leq k|j]z ug{gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM bLks 9sfnsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn ebf} * ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo / df=Gof=>Ldf=Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofo / df=Gof=>Lts{/fh e§,ts{/fh e§,ts{/fh e§,ts{/fh e§,ts{/fh e§, @)^$–CR–)@&(, 7uL, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= czf]ss'df/ v8\sf

>L % sf] ;/sf/ jfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf]s'g} d'2f cg';"rL ! jf @ leq gkg]{ eÌ] b]lvPdfcbfntn] cfb]z lbO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmnfO{lemsfO{ lghn] ;sf/ u/]df jfbL kIf sfod u/Ld'2fsf] sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]kfOG5 . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ jfbL kIfaf6ePsf] cg';Gwfg / txsLsftaf6 s'g} d'2f;/sf/ jfbL eO{ sf/jfxL rNb} hfFbf ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] cg';"rL ! / @ leqkg]{ gb]lvPdf cbfntn] cfb]z lbO{ ;/f]sf/JolQmnfO { lemsfO { jfbL kIf sfod u/Lb'lgofjfbLdf k|rlnt sfg"gcg';f/ sf/jfxLrnfpg kfpg] sfg"gL Joj:yf eO/xsf]df z'¿;'g;/L lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;f] Joj:yfcg';f/sf]sf/jfxL cl3 a9fPsf] b]lvPg . o; Joj:yfnfO{Vofn gu/L z'¿ cbfntn] jfbL kIfn] nufPsf]

cleof]u g} vf/]h u/]sf] b]lvof] . o:tf] l:yltdf;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ Wofg glbO{ cleof]ukqg} vf/]h u/]sf] z'¿ ;'g;/L lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nfnfO{ pN6L u/L hfx]/jfnf / k|ltjfbLaLrsf/f]jf/ ePsf] k|s[ltnfO{ dWogh/ u/L k|:t'td'2fnfO{ sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt 7uLcGtu{t geO{n]gb]g sf/f]jf/;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvgfn] ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @& adf]lhd;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmnfO{ lemsfO{ lghn] ;sf/u/]df jfbL kIf sfod u/L ;f]xL d'2fsf] ldl;naf6k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd n]gb]gtkm{ sf/jfxL /lsgf/f u/L lbg] u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf]ldlt @)^$.!.^ sf] cfb]z ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn sflQs @& ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

k'g/fjnf]sg lg:;f k|fKtk'g/fjnf]sg lg:;f k|fKtk'g/fjnf]sg lg:;f k|fKtk'g/fjnf]sg lg:;f k|fKtk'g/fjnf]sg lg:;f k|fKt

!!!!!df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo / >L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / >L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / >L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / >L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / >L ts{/fh e6[, k'=lg=g+=@)^^–RV–)$(@, @)^&–RV–)!(% / )!(^, pTk|]if0f ;d]t,cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{no e/tk'/ ;d]t lj=df]xgnIdL df:s]

cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nosf] lg0f{odfk 'g/fj ]bg nfUg ] s '/fsf ] pNn ]v gx ' Fb }dfsfg"gadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] xs cGoyfgx'g] tkm{ ljrf/ gu/L lg0f{o oyfjt} /fvL ;f]lg0f{oadf]lhd c;"/pk/ ug'{kg]{ ljuf] e/fpg]k|of]hgsf] nflu /f]Ssf /flvPsf] pQm sDkgLsf;~rfns k|ToyL{ lgj]lbsfsf] gfpFsf] ;DklQ dfqkm's'jf x'g] u/L o; cbfntsf] k"0f{ Ohnf;af6ldlt @)^&.!.@( df hf/L ePsf] cfb]z o;cbfntaf6 g]sfk @)%@, lg=g+=^)#@, k[i7 %$@,g]sfk @)%*, lg=g+=^(*$, k[i7 !)( / g]sfk@)%*, lg=g+=&)!%, k[i7 #^^ ;d]tdf k|ltkflbtl;4fGtk|lts"n b]lvPsf]n] Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

3535353535


@)$* sf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf ! sf] v08 -v_adf]lhd k|:t't d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]g]{ lg:;fk|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] b]xfo -v_ df k'g/fjnf]sgsf]nflu k/]sf] lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf k|Zgx? ;jf]{Rrcbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df klg p7fOPsf] /To;df GofofwLzx?sf] /fo gldln k"0f{ Ohnf;af6;'g'jfO ePsf]df ;f] k|Zgx?sf] lg?k0f u/L lg0f{oe};s]sf] cj:yfdf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g g;Sg] eGg]P]gdf e}/x]sf] Joj:yfn] o; cbfntsf] k"0f{Ohnf;af6 ePsf km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf]k'g/fjnf]sg x'g} g;Sg] eGg] Joj:yf gu/L s]jn/foafemL eO{ k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 ePsf] lg0f{odfk'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf k|Zgx?sf]lg?k0f e};s]sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;Dd afx]s u/]sf]k|i6 b]lvG5 . To;sf nflu ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df s]s'g k|Zgdf /fo aflemPsf] lyof] / To:tf k|Zgx?k"0f{ Ohnf;n] lg?k0f u/]sf] 5, 5}g eGg] h:tfs'/fx? x]l/g' kg]{ x'G5 . k|:t't d'2fdf ;+o'QmOhnf;df /foafemL x' Fbf cfGtl/s /fhZjsfof{non] u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ /fhZj Gofoflws/0fdfk'g/fj]bg nfUg] j}slNks pkrfsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf]n] l/6 vf/]h x'g] u/L dfggLo GofofwLz>L cg"k/fh zdf{af6 /fo JoQm ePsf] / csf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fh]Gb|s'df/ e08f/Ln]; 'g 'jfOsf ] df }sf glbO { k | fs [ lts Gofosf ]l;4fGtk|lts"n lg0f{o ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df l/6hf/L x'g] u/L /fo JoQm u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k"0f{Ohnf;af6 ePsf] cfb]z x]bf{ j}slNks pkrf/sf]Joj:yf eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o lg?k0fg} gu/L s]jn ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf glbOPsf]n] k|fs[ltsGofosf] l;4fGtsf] pNn3+g ePsf] eGg];Ddsf]cfwf/df l/6 hf/L ug]{ u/]sf] /fonfO{ ;b/ sfodul/Psf ] b ] lvPsf ]n ] lgj ]bg dfuadf ] lhdk'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]g{ sfg"gtM ldNg] .

Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!-@_-v_ sf ;DaGwdf JofVof ub}{ o; cbfntsf]k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 ePsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf]

k'g/fjnf]sg ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg g} nfUg g;Sg]egL lgj]bs /fds[i0f lg/fnf lj?4 clVtof/b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\@)^! ;fnsf] k'=lg=g+= %!# sf] pTk|]if0f d'2fdfldlt @)^%.$.!& df k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bg vf/]hx'g] 7x¥ofO{ ePsf] JofVof;Fu ;xdt x'gg;lsPsf] / o;;DaGwL cEof;df Ps?ktf ;d]tgb]lvPsf]n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] lgod #-!_-v_ / #-@_ adf]lhd k|:t't lgj]bgtLg hgfeGbf a9L ;+Vof /x]sf] k"0f{ Ohnf;dfk]z ug'{kg]{ .Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn d+l;/ @# ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|fKt k|:t't d'2f g]sfk @)^&,cÍ !, lg=g+= *@($, k[=^) df k|sflzt 5_ § o;} nufpsf] k'=lg=g+=@)^^–RV–)$(!,

@)^&–RV–)!(# / )!($, pTk|]if0f ;d]t,cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{no e/tk'/ ;d]tlj=ls/0f df:s] ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfo;}cg'¿k cfb]z ePsf] 5 .

@df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}Bgfydf=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e6[,pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e6[,k"=lg=g+=)^&–RV–)#)&, c+z rng, nIdLs'df/L ld>>]i7 ;d]t lj= dvdnL ld> ;d]t

ldl;n ;++nUg dtbftf gfdfjnL, dtbftfkl/ro kq / ;jf/Lrfns cg'dlt kq ;d]tsf;a"b k|df0fx?af6 lgj]bs jfbLx?sf klt÷lktf/lj ld> k|ToyL{dWo]sf c;kmL{nfn eGg] s]bf/ld> / dvdnL ld>sf 5f]/f x'g\ eGg] tYo k'li6e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . lgh /lj ld>n] klg cfkm"c;kmL{nfn eGg] s]bf/ ld> / dvdnL ld>sf]5f]/f gePsf] egL lghx? ldnfgs} k|ltpQ/aofg u/]sf] b]lvP klg k|ltpQ/ tyf aofgJoxf]/fsf] zL/ v08df afa'sf] gfd pNn]v ug]{qmddf s]bf/ ld>nfO{ g} lktfsf] ?kdf pNn]vu/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] lgj]]bs jfbLx?nfO{ c+z xsaf6al~rt ug] { p2 ]Zoaf6 Pscfk;df ldnLTo;k|sf/sf] lhsL/ lnPsf] dfGg' kg]{ b]lvof] .t;y{ ldl;n ;+nUg ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 hf/LePsf k|df0fkq ;d]tsf k|ToIf k|df0fx?sf]

3636363636


plrt d"NofÍg gu/L s]jn 8L=Pg=P= k/LIf0fnfO{dfq Psdfq cfwf/sf ?kdf u|x0f u/L o;cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ldlt @)^&.!.@( dfePsf] pk/f]Qm km};nf o:t} k|s[ltsf] ljjfbsf]ljifoa:t' cGt/\lgxLt /x]sf] k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbL/flhj u'?ªsf] xsdf b]jL u'?ª lj?4 ;Ltfu'?ª ;d]t k|ToyL}÷jfbL ePsf] ;+jt @)^!;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #%!) sf] gftf sfod d'2fdfo; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^&.@.!! df lg0{fo e}k|ltkflbt l;4fGt k|lts"n b]lvPsf]n] Gofok|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -!_sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]g{]lg:;f k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn d+l;/ @# ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\§ k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|fKt k|:t't d'2f g]sfk,

@)^&, cÍ !), lg=g++ *$*# k[= !&@^ df k|sflzt5 .

Psn Ohnf;Psn Ohnf;Psn Ohnf;Psn Ohnf;Psn Ohnf;

!df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL,df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL,df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL,df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL,df=Gof=>L k |sfz j:tL, )^&–WO–!@!*,pTk|]if0fldl>t k|ltif]w, >LeQm e8]n ;d]t lj=k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no,sf7df8f}+ ;d]t

k|x/L sfof{nodf cgflwsf/ ¿kn] v8fePsf elgPsf s'g} sfuhn] ;flwsf/ lgsfodfrln/x]sf] d'2fdf k|df0f nfUg] l:ylt /xFb}g .o;sf cltl/Qm tL sfuh o; lsl;dn]cfkm"lj¿4 k|df0f nfU5 eÌ] ;DaGwdf lgj]bgdf:ki6¿kdf v'nfpg ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf / To;lsl;dsf] cgflwsf/ / clwsf/If]qfTds q'l6k"0f{sfuh eP e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodf d'2f rln/x]sf]cj:yfdf ;DalGwt lgsfo aflx/ v8f x'g] To:tf]

sfuhn] s'g} k|dfl0fs dxTj /fVg] cj:yf ;d]tb]lvg gcfPsf] / ljjflbt df]xL sfod lg0f{oab/ d'2fdf sfg"g k|df0fåf/f 7x/]adf]lhd x'g]g} x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bs kIfsf] dfusf;DaGwdf ljkI f Lx¿; Fu ln lvt hjfk mlemsfO/xg' gkg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM xl//fh sfsL{sDKo'6/M lgd{nf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ @) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§, @)^* ;fnsf] WH–))@&, aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, d's'n e'if0f ld>f ;d]tlj= /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefu ;d]t

oL lgj]bsx¿sf xsdf k |rlntsfg"gadf]lhd ljb]zL ljlgdo;DaGwL ckrng d'2fdfsfg"gL sf/jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf w/f}6 dfuL ;f] w/f}6lbg g;s]sf sf/0f sfg"gadf]lhd y'gfdf /fv]sf]b]lvPsf] / w/f}6 dfuL ;f] w/f}6 lbg g;s]sf] sf/0fsfg"gadf]lhdsf] y'gf dfÌ] l;4fGt ;d]t o;cbfntaf6 k|ltkfbg ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} lu/ˆtf/ubf{sf] cj:yfdf u}/sfg"gL¿kn] y'lgPsf] ePklg l/6lgj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO x'Fbf sfg"gadf]lhd d'2f rnfO{cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ y'gfdf /x]sf] l:yltdf k"j{cj}wtfnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ cbfntdf sfg"gadf]lhdrln/x]sf] d'2fdf cg's"n jf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/Ll/6 hf/L ug{ gldNg] -g]sfk @)$(, cÍ !, k[=##, lg=g+=$$%)_ egL o; cbfntaf6 sfg"gL l;4fGt ;d]tk|ltkfbg e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm lghx¿nfO{dfu]sf] w/f}6 lt/]sf] cj:yfdf y'gfd'Qm x'g ;Sg]j}slNks cj:yf klg ljBdfg /x]sf] b]lvFbf lgj]bsx¿u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf y'gfdf a;]sf] cj:yf gb]lvFbfdfuadf]lhdsf] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sf;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f]h !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

&

Documents

df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{, df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L ... · c+lzof/x¿n] cnu–cnu btf{, ef]u laqmL Jojxf/ u/]sf] b]lvg' kg]{€. Goflos lg0f{oof]Uo ljjfbsf] lg0f{o ubf{æul0ftLo