;+o'Qm Ohnf; df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L …jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g @)^(, r}t -@! @)^^

$Page 1: ;+o'Qm Ohnf; df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L …jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g @)^(, r}t -@! @)^^$
11111

;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g @)^@)^@)^@)^@)^(, r}t(, r}t(, r}t(, r}t(, r}t - @ @ @ @ @

;+o'Qm Ohnf;

!df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L sNof0f>]i7, )^%–CI–)%(), c+z, km'jf{t]Daf z]kf{ nfdflj= nflhg tfdfª\gL z]kf{

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL km'jf{ t]Dafsf]cljjflxt 5f]/L lgDa'6L klg t]Daf g'k'{ ;/xc+lzof/ ePsf] b]lvFbf km'jf{ t]Daf, g'k'{ / lgDa'6L;d]t u/L d"n ¿kdf # c+lzof/ sfod /x]ePsf] b]lvg cfof] . ;fy} oL # c+lzof/x¿sfod ePsf] cj:yfdf lgh lgDa'6Ln] o;cbfntdf aofg ubf{ d]/f] gfddf s]xL hUuf 5,pQm hUufaf6 lktf / efOn] c+z kfpg] xf]OgegL n]vfPtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ pQm hUuf lghsfdfjnLn] lghsf] lbbLsf] gfddf pQm hUuf btf{ul/lbPsf] / lbbL l/nfd'af6 cfˆgf] gfddf cfPsf]egL n]vfPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ pQm hUuf s] sltsf/0fn] / s;/L dfjnLaf6 lbbL x'Fb} cfˆgf]gfddf cfPsf] xf] egL s'g} tYoo'Qm cfwf/ /sf/0f v'nfpg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . o;/L lghsfgfddf btf{ /x]sf] pQm hUuf s] s'g Joxf]/fn]slxn] dfjnLn] lbbL l/nfd'sf] gfdaf6 lghlgDa'6Lsf] gfddf s] s'g Joxf]/fn] slxn] btf{x'g cfPsf] xf] egL v'nfpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdfc+za08f gePsf c+lzof/x¿sf] gfddf /x]sf];DklQ cGoyf k|dfl0ft gePsf] cfwf/df;uf]nsf] dfÌ'kg]{ .

km'jf{ t]Daf g'k'{ / lgDa'6L -lgda'6L_;d]t d"n c+lzof/ # hgf sfod u/L lghx¿tLg} hgf c+lzof/sf gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQnfO{ #efu nufO{ ;f]dWo] t]Daf g'k'{sf] ! efunfO{ êfu u/L pQm ^ efusf] Ps efu k|ToyL{ jfbL

nflhg z]kf{n] c+z 5'§\ofO{ lng kfpg] cj:yfdf;f] gu/L d"n c+lzof/ @ hgf sfod u/L @efusf] ! efuaf6 ^ efu nufO{ ;f]af6 ! efujfbL nflhg z]kf{n] c+z kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf] z'¿l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf ;b/ ug]{u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.#.^sf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf ;f] xb;Dds]xL pN6L x'g] 7x5{ . k|ToyL{ jfbL nflhg z]kf{n]plNnlvt # c+lzof/sf gfddf /x]sf] tfobftLkmfF6af/Ldf plNnlvt ;DklQnfO{ # efu nufO{pQm # efusf] ! efunfO{ ^ efu nufO{ ;f] êfusf] ! efu c+z kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M dl~htf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; @ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L sNof0f>]i7, )^%–CI–)%(!, dfgfrfdn, km'jf{t]Daf z]kf{nfdf lj= nflhg tfdfª\gL z]kf{;d]t

k|ToyL{ jfbLx¿ k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf]a'xf/L tyf gfltgLx¿ eO{ c+lzof/ ePsf]dfljjfb b]lvPg . oL jfbLx¿nfO{ oL k'g/fj]bs;d]tn] c+z lbg'kg]{ xf]Og jf of] olt c+zlbPsf] 5 egL j:t'lgi7 cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfpg;s]sf] klg b]lvPg . o;/L gftfdf ljjfbgb]lvPsf] / lghx¿nfO{ of] olt c+z lbPsf]eÌ] gb]lvPaf6 c+z lbg'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/u/]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 . k|ToyL{ jfbL nflhgtfdfª\gL z]kf{n] xfd|f lktf tyf t]Daf g'k'{cd]l/sfdf /xL dgUo wg cfh{g ug'{ ePsf] /afh] tyf ;;'/fnfO{ k7fO{ lbg] u'g{ ePsf]n]xfd|f klt tyf lktfsf] sdfO{ ;d]t lgh afh]tyf ;;'/fsf] lhDdfdf /xg'sf] ;fy} lgh g}3/sf] d'Vo e} 3/ Jojxf/ rnfpFb} cfpg'

22222


ePsf]n] xfdLnfO{ dfgfrfdn eg'{kg]{ bfloTjlghs} xf] egL o; cbfntdf lbPsf] lnlvtk|ltjfbnfO{ oL k'g/fj]bsn] cGoyf eÌ u/fpgg;s]sf] cj:yf;d]taf6 3/sf] d'Vo eO{ Jojxf/rnfpg] lgh k'g/fj]bsn] k|ToyL{ jfbLx¿nfO{c+z glbP;Dd kfngkf]if0f, x]/rf/ / ;+/If0fug'{kg]{ bfloTj /x]g5 eÌ gldNg] .

plNnlvt tYo tyf cfwf/x¿af6 oLk|ToyL{ jfbLx¿sf] kfngkf]if0f, x]/rf/ / ;+/If0fug'{kg]{ bfloTj lghsf nf]Ug] Pj+ lktfsf] x'g'sf];fy} oL k'g/fj]bs afh] tyf ;;'/fsf] ;d]tb]lvPsf] / jfbL bfjLsf] dfgfrfdnsf] /sd klgplrt g} b]lvPsf]n] k|ToyL{ jfbLx¿ a'xf/L tyfgfltgLx¿nfO{ k'g/fj]bsaf6 ;d]t dfgfrfdne/fO{ lbg' kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M dl~htf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; @ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn, )^^–CI–)@)(, s/f/adf]lhd /sdlbnfO{ kfpFm, /tgnfn vÌf lj= g]kfn No'acfon lnld6]8sf clwsf/k|fKt ;~rfnscd[tdfg gsdL{

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] ldlt @)%%.$.!%df ePsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ vÌf a|bz{ g]kfnu~h;FuePsf] ;Demf}tf xf] d;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf xf]OgegL ;f]sf] k'i6\ofO{ ug{ gt jfbL / cfkm"aLrePsf] egL :jLsf/ u/]sf] csf]{ s'g} ;Demf}tf kqk]z ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvG5 gt vÌf a|bz{g]kfnu~hsf] k|f]k|fO6/sf] :jtGq cl:tTj g}b]vfpg ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdfjfbLn] bfjL u/]sf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ cGoyf eÌgldNg] .

jfbLn] ldlt @)%(.(.@! df ;ftlbgleq /sd e'QmfgL ug{ egL n]v]sf] kqk|ltjfbLn] ldlt @)%(.(.@* df a'em]/ klgdgfl;a ;doleq To;sf] s'g} hjfkm lbPsf]b]lvFb}g . o;af6 jfbLn] k]z u/]sf] lx;faljj/0fcg'¿ksf] /sd k|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ ltg{a'emfpg' kg]{ s'/fsf] k'li6 x'g cfPsf] b]lvof] .plNnlvt cj:yfdf ldlt @)%%.$.!% sf]s/f/gfdf lnvtdf k/]sf] x:tfIf/ k|ltjfbLsf]cbfntaf6 lnPsf] gd"gf x:tfIf/;Fu gldNg]egL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] lnPsf] lhsL/;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ kof{Kt ;dsfnLg b:tvtgePsf] egL jfbLsf] tkm{af6 o; cbfntdflgj]bg k/]sf] b]lvPsf] / s/f/gfdf lnvtxF'bfsf] cj:yfsf] ;dsfnLg lnvtdf k/]sf]k|ltjfbLsf] x:tfIf/;Fu gd"gf x:tfIf/ gldnf];\eg]/ ;fljs x:tfIf/ eGbf km/s x'g] u/Lk|ltjfbLn] gd"gf x:tfIf/ lbg;Sg] cj:yf x'Fbfs/f/gfdf lnvt;Fu ePsf] x:tfIf/;Fuk|ltjfbLsf] gd"gf x:tfIf/ gldn]sf] eÌ]ljz]if1sf] /fonfO{ lglj{jfb / csf6\o k|df0fsf]¿kdf u|x0f ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf jfbL bfjLcg';f/sf]/sd oL k|ltjfbL vÌf a|bz{sf k|f]k|fO6/ /TgnfnvÌfaf6 jfbLnfO{ e/fO{ lbg] 7x/ u/]sf] z'¿nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf]7x¥ofO{ jfbLn] /fv]sf] -k]z u/]sf]_ lx;fasf]n]vfaf6 k|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ ¿=%,*@,@!#.@&-kfFrnfv aof;L xhf/ b'O{;o t]x| ¿k}ofF k};f;QfO;_ ltg{ afFsL b]lvFbf ;f] /sd;Ddk|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ ltg'{kg]{ .

Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M dl~htf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

33333


$df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnfsfsL{, )^&–CR–)@$@, cfos/, -cf=j=)%&÷%*_ cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof {no,lj/f6gu/sf] tkm{af6 k|d'v s/ clws[tnId0faxfb'/ a:g]t lj= ;'Gb/d\ Knfli6sO08li6«h, 6+sLl;gjf/L $, df]/ª

s/bftf sDkgLn] nfut d"No eGbflgsf;L d"No sd x'g'sf] cf}lrTo tYoo'Qmtl/sfn] k]z ug{ g;s]sf] tyf s/ lgwf{/0fcfb]zcg'¿k nfut d"Nocg';f/ s/ ltg{ s/km5\of}{6 cfof]udf :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvg'sf] ;fy}z'¿ s/ sfof{non] cf}lrTo k]z ug{ lbPsf]hfgsf/Lcg'¿k s/bftfn] u/]sf vr{x¿ tyfljB't vr{ ;d]tsf] lan e/kfO{ df}s}df s/sfof{nodf k]z ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf tyf pQmtYonfO{ of] olt sf/0fn] df}s}df k]z ug{g;s]sf] egL s'g} lhsL/;d]t lng g;sLljkIfL sDkgLnfO{ o; cbfntaf6 tf]lsPsf]tfl/v;d]t u'hf/L pQm tYonfO{ v08g ug]{cj:yf;d]t JotLt u/L ;f] tYo :jLsf/ u/]sf]b]lvg cfPaf6 ljkIfL sDkgLsf] bfjL tYodfcfwfl/t b]lvg cfPg . o:tf] cj:yfdfk 'g/fj ]bs cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof {no,lj/f6gu/n] ljjflbt cfly{s jif{sf] v'b cfolgwf{/0f u/]sf] tyf ;f] cg'¿k s/ lgwf{/0fu/]sf] cfb]zdf s'g} sfg"gL q'l6sf] ljBdfgtfgb]lvFbf pQm cfb]znfO{ cGoyf eÌ ldNg]gb]lvg] .

ljkIfL sDkgLn] nfut d"NoeGbf lgsf;Ld"No sd x'g'sf] cf}rTo tyf cGo vr{x¿ df}s}dftYoo'Qm tl/sfn] k]z ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdfpQm vj{sf] lan ekf{O /fhZj GofofwLs/0fdfk|ToIfLs/0f u/]sf] eÌ];Dd pNn]v ePsf]n]

s/bftfn] plNnlvt tYosf] kl/k|]Iodf ;f] k|df0fk]z u/L o; cbfntaf6 ;f] k|df0fsf] d"NofÍgug{ u/fpg d2t ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/L o;cbfntaf6 lghnfO{ tf]lsPsf] tfl/v ;d]t u'hf/La;]sf] kfOof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf k|ToyL{ s/bftf;'Gb/d\ Knfli6s O08li6«hn] cfˆgf] bfjL lhsL/k|dfl0ft ug{ ;s]sf] dfÌ ldNg] cj:yfsf]ljBdfgtf gb]lvg] .

z'¿ cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{non] ljkIfL;'Gb/d\ Knfli6s O08li6«hsf] plNnlvt cfly{sjif{sf] v'b cfo lgwf{/0f u/L ;f] cg'¿k cfos/lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/]sf] sfo{ tyf lg0f{o cGoyf geO{ldn]s} b]lvFbf pQm lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ ug'{kg]{df ;f]gu/L z'¿ cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nosf] pQm lg0f{otyf cfb]znfO{ pN6L ug]{ u/]sf] /fhZj Gofoflws/0flj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^$.!).!$ sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{eO{ pN6L x'g] . z'¿ cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{no,lj/f6gu/sf] lg0f{o ;b/ sfod x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M dl~htf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k''; # ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, )^&–CR–!#)^, st{Jo Hofg, bnaxfb'/yfkf lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

36gf:yn nf; k|s[lt d'r'Nsf, n'lDagL8fOUgf]l;; c:ktfnn] d[tssf] 6fpsf]sf] CT

Scan ubf{ Temporal bone Facture eÌ] pNn]vu/]sf] / ;f]xL rf]6af6 d[To' ePsf] zj k/LIf0fk|ltj]bgnufotsf hfx]/L b/vf:t, df}sfdfa'lemPsf JolQmx¿sf] sfuh ;d]tsf ldl;n;+nUg k|df0f sfuhx¿af6 dfgaxfb'/ yfkfsf]d[To' :jfefljs ¿kdf ge} st{Joaf6 ePsf]b]lvg] .

44444


s'g} cleof]u nfu]sf JolQmpk/ k|:t'tul/Psf k|df0fx¿n] oyfy{tfdf lghnfO{ bf]ifLl;4 ug{ ;S5, ;Sb}g / tL k|df0fx¿sf]j}wflgstf s:tf] 5 eÌ]tkm{ cbfnt ;hu /xLcleof]usf] dfqfsf] cfwf/df lgbf]{if JolQmn];hfo kfpg' x'Fb}g . t/ k|ToIf / ck|ToIfk|df0faf6 bf]ifL b]lvPsf] s'g} JolQm ;hfoaf6pDsg x'Fb}g eÌ]tkm{ klg plQs} ;r]t /xg'kg]{ .

k |ltjfbLn] cbfntdf aofg ubf {jf/bftsf lbg cfkm" 36gf:yndf g/x]sf] /uf]¿ lsÌ cGoq uPsf] egL lhsL/ lnPtfklg;f]sf] k'li6 x'g] s'g} k|df0f k]z u/L lhsL/nfO{k|dfl0ft ug{ ;s]sf] gkfOPsf]n] k|ltjfbLsf] lhsL/k|df0fsf] ¿kdf u|fXo x'g;Sg] gb]lvg] .

k'g/fj]bs bnaxfb'/ yfkfn] g} d[tsnfO{3fOt] agfPs} rf]6af6 pkrf/sf] cj:yfdf d[To'ePsf] b]lvFbf z'¿ Ko'7fg lhNnf cbfntn] d'n'sLP]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] ! / !#-!_ g+=adf]lhdsf] s;"/df P]=sf] !#-!_ g++= adf]lhd;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] km};nfnfO{ ;b/ 7x¥ofPsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, t'N;Lk'/ bfËsf] ldlt@)^&.#.@) sf] km};nf dgfl;a b]lvFbf ;b/x'g] .

k|ltjfbLn] cfˆgf] afa'nfO{ dfg{sf] nfluk"j{ of]hgf agfPsf] eÌ] b]lvFb}g . k|ltjfbLaf6k|xf/ ePsf] rf]6sf sf/0f d[ts dfgaxfb'/sf]pkrf/sf] qmddf w]/} lbg kl5 d[To' ePsf]b]lvG5 . hUuf as;kq ul/lbPsf ;DaGwdfd[ts / k|ltjfbLaLr kfl/jfl/s ljjfb /x]sf]eÌ] b]lvPsf] / plNnlvt jf/bftsf] k|s[lt /cj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/x¿af6 cleof ]ubfjLadf]lhd k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;hfo ubf{ rsf]{ kg{hfg] b]lvPsf]n] z'¿ lhNnf cbfntsf] /foadf]lhd

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL bnaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ !)-bz_jif{ dfq s}b ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}td

ufoqLk|;fb /]UdLsDKo'6/M dl~htf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn df3 # ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= !

df=Gof=/fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L lu/LzrGb| nfn, @)^%–CR–)$@), nfu" cf}ifw v}/f]lx/f ]Og, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ;'zLns'df/eut;d]t

df}sfsf] a/fdbL d'r'Nsfsf] cfwf/df dfq;'zLns'df/ eutnfO{ cf/f]kkq dfu bfjLadf]lhda/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifw v/Lb ug]{, ;~roug]{, /fVg] cf];f/k;f/ ug]{, lgsf;L k}7f/L ug]{Pj+ sf/f]jf/ ug]{ u/]sf] egL nfu" cf}ifw-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $-ª_ / -r_ sf]s;"/ u/]sf] 7x¥ofpg gldNg] .

; 'z Lns 'd f / eut r9 ]s f ]df]6/;fOsnaf6 nfu" cf}ifw a/fdb ePsf]eÌ] tYo;DdnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L s;"/hGos'/fnfO{ clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIf ;fljtgePsf], a/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifw hfFr ug{k7fpFbf nfu" cf}ifw x]/f]Og eÌ] k'li6 eO{cfPsf] ldl;n ;+nUg hfFr k|ltj]bgaf6b]lvPsf] / nfu" cf}ifw a/fdb ug]{ k|=h=chos'df/ s'dL{ / ljho kf08] ;d]tn] oLk|ltjfbLaf6 nfu" cf}ifw x]/f]Og a/fdb ePsf]xf ] egL asL n]vfOlbPsf] ;d]taf6 oLk|ltjfbLsf] ;fyaf6 * u|fd nfu" cf}ifw a/fdbePsf] k'li6 x'g cfof] . cfˆgf];Fu;fyaf6a/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifw a/fdb ePsf]

55555


tYonfO{ oL k|ltjfbL :jo+n] :jLsf/ u/]sf]cj:yfdf lghsf ;fIfL Pj+ j:t'l:yltd'r'Nsfdf dflg;x¿n] lghsf] df]6/;fOsnaf6nfu" cf}ifw xf]Og ;f8L a/fdb ePsf] eÌ]Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPg . a/fdb ePsf] nfu"cf}ifwsf] kl/df0f / lghn] pQm nfu" cf}ifwv/Lb, laqmL, lgsf;L, k}7f/L ;~ro ug{ lnO{lxF8]sf] tYo k'li6 gePsf] cj:yfdf / bfjLsf]nfu" cf}ifw lghn] ;]jg ug{ lnPsf] k'li6 eO{nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf$-5_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] egL ;hfo u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf cGoyfb]lvg gcfpg] .

k|ltjfbL d'Ìf eÌ] dxdb ;fx x';]gsf];Fu;fyaf6 nfu" cf}ifw a/fdb gePsf], oLk|ltjfbLn] cbfntdf aofg ubf{ cfkm"n] nfu"cf}ifw sf/f]jf/ gu/]sf] / cf/f]lkt s;"/ ;d]tgu/]sf] egL s;"/hGo s'/fdf OGsf/ /xLaofg u/]sf] 5 . oL k|ltjfbLn] ;'zLns'df/eutsf] df]6/;fOsndf nfu" cf}ifw /fv]sf]k|ToIf ¿kdf b]v]sf] egL cbfntdf cfO{ askqu/]sf] kfOPtf klg lghn] df}sfdf sfuhubf{ dxdb ;fx x';]gn] df]6/;fOsndf;'D;'DofPsf] b]v]sf] x'F egL km/s Joxf]/fn]vfPsf] kfOG5 . b]Vg] ;fIfLsf] 36gfsf;DaGwdf c;dfg / k[ys Joxf]/fsf] sygnfO{k|ToIf k|df0fsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsg] x'Fb}g .t;y{ df]6/;fOsndf nfu" cf}ifw /fv]sf]ljjfb/lxt tl/sfaf6 k'li6 x'g g;s]sf]cj:yfdf s]jn ;xcleo'Qmsf ] z+sf /cg'dfgsf] e/df lghnfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofpgkmf}hbf/L Gofosf] l;4fGtcg's"n gx'g] .

k|ltjfbL ;'zLns'df/ eutnfO{ nfu"cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $-5_ sf]

s;"/df ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !$-!_-ª_ adf]lhd %-kfFr_ dlxgf s}b / k|ltjfbL d'Ìf eÌ] ;fx x';]gt]nLnfO{ cf/f ]lkt s;"/af6 ;kmfO lbg]df]6/;fOsn hkmttkm{sf] bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] .

Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M sNkgf atf}{nfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ @^ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= @

!df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL,@)^^–CI–))*$, lgif]wf1f, /fdgf/fo0f ofbjlj= sf]zL dfWolds ljBfno;d]t

ljBfnosf] cflwsfl/s b:tfj]h cyf{t\a}7s k'l:tsf;d]tsf] sfuhftaf6 ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g ldlt @)^%.!).@df af]nfPsf] e]nfdf ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/dfcleefjsx¿sf] pkl:ylt Go"g /x]sf]n] e]nf:ylut u/]sf] eÌ] pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .lgj]bs /fdgf/fo0f ofbjnfO{ lgjf{lrt u/]sf]eÌ] s'g} dfOGo"6 ePsf] b]lvFb}g . t/ ldlt@)^%.!!.!# ut] a;]sf] cleefjs e]nfaf6ldlt @)^%.!!.& ut] log} /fdgf/fo0fofbjnfO{ u/]sf] dgf]gog kq ab/ u/L dfGogx'g] egL ;j{;Ddt\af6 lg0f{o kf/Lt u/]sf]cj:yf b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf oL lgj]bsk'g/fj]bsn] h'g cfz+sf b]vfO{ lgif]wf1fsf]dfu u/]sf] xf] ;f] sfo{ g} ;DkÌ e} lghlgj]bsnfO{ cWoIf kbaf6 g} x6fO{ ;s]sf]sf]zL dfWolds ljBfnosf] cleefjsx¿sf]e]nfsf] a}7s k'l:tsfaf6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt, la/f6gu/af6 lgj]bg vf/]h

66666


x'g] 7x¥ofO{ ePsf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM >Lk|;fb ;~h]nsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f/ @$ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

§ @)^^–CI–))*#, k/dfb]z, /fdgf/fo0fofbj lj= sf]zL dfWolds ljBfno;d]tePsf] d'2fdf klg o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf] 5 .

@df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, @)^&–CI–)!%$, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z,nId0f ofbj lj= lhNnf lzIff sfof{no,;'g;/L;d]t

sf]zL dfWolds ljBfno Joj:yfkg;ldltsf] Ps sfo{sfn # jif{sf] x'g] lzIff P]g,@)@* sf] bkmf !@-%_ df sfg"gL Joj:YffePsf] / ;f] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]cWoIf ePsf] sf/0f # jif{sf] sfo{sfn dfuu/]sf] @)^%.!!.& ut]sf] ldltjf6 pQmljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf ePsf]eGg] d'Vo ljjflbt ljifo ;f] ldltaf6 # jif{JotLt eO{ ;do;Ldf g} kf/ ul/;s]sf] o;cj:yfdf lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lug'{ kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPg . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g] .

Ohnf; clws[t M >Lk|;fb ;+h]nsDKo'6/ M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f/ @$ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

§ o;} nufpsf] @)^^–wo–)@!$, pTk|]if0f,/fdgf/fo0f ofbj lj= sf]zL dfWoldsljBfno;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf klgo;}cg';f/ lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

#df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL,@)^$–CI–)!%&, lg0f{o btf{ ab/ btf{ xssfod;d]t, xl/axfb'/ ;'j]bL lj= jL/]Gb|/fh>]i7;d]t

nlntk'/ lhNnf Odf8f]n uf=lj=;= j8fg+= $ ls=g+= !*@ sf] If]qkmn !–^–) / P]]=P]=ls=g+= !() sf] If]qkmn #–!–) b'O{ lsQf hUufgfkLdf nlntk'/ lrsan a:g] /Tgnfn >]i7sf]xf] . ;fndf tLg d'/L wfg lt/f] hf]tL vfPsf] 5'egL ls;fgsf] Joxf]/fdf pNn]v ePsf] b]lvPsf]5 . To;} u/L ls=g+= !() sf] hf]tfxfsf] c:yfoLlg:;fsf] k|ltlnkL x]bf{ # d'/L s't a'emfpg /hf]tfxfdf /tgnfn >]i7 pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .k|ltjfbL xl/axfb'/ ;'j]bLsf lktf df]xL;Gtaxfb'/n] ldlt !(&(.(.& df sa'lnotgfdfsf]lnvtdf ljjflbt hUufnfO{ ltd]n v]t eGb}cfo' u'7Lsf] hUuf eÌ] pNn]v u/]sf] kfOof] .gfkLdf ;f] hUufsf] lkmN8a'sdf ls=g+= !()zGtaxfb'/sL >LdtL 8Da/s'df/L / ls=g+= !*@df 5f]/f xl/axfb'/ df]xL hlgO{ ls;fgsf] Joxf]/fdf/Tgnfn >]i7sf] s't lt/L cfPsf] eÌ] pNn]v5 . cfkm}+n] n]vfPsf] gfkLsf] pQm Joxf]/faf6 g}k|ltjfbL df]xL dfq ePsf] Joxf]/f k'li6 x'g] .

oxL hUuf @)@$ ;fndf /}s/ kl/0fteO{ xf=g+= (!$ df ltd]n egL btf{ /l;b v8fePsf] / h;df $.. /f]kgL sfod ePsf] kfOof] .clxn] ls=g+= !*@ / !() u/L $ /f]kgL & cfgfsfod ePsf] b]lvG5 . !(&( sf] sa'lnotgfdf/ @)@$ sf] xf=g+= (!$ /l;bdf ltd]n v]t eÌ]ldn] le8]sf] b]lvG5 . o;} hUufsf] & g+= kmfF6af/Lebf{ >L sfi7/fh hf]zL hlgO{ u'l7of/df oLjfbLx¿sf] gfd klg /x]sf] 5 . hgs/fh ltg}>L sfi7/fhsf] ;Gtfg eÌ] klg b]lvG5 .

77777


hUufwgLn] /}s/ kl/0ft gu/]sf] eÌ] cfwf/dfdf]xLsf x}l;otn] k|ltjfbLn] btf{ ug{ hUuf /}s/kl/0ft gePsf] x'g'kg]{ clgjfo{ zt{ xf] . t/,ljjflbt hUuf @)@$ ;fndf hUufwgLsftkm{af6 /}s/ kl/0ft eO{ xf=g+= (!$ sfodePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ljjflbt ls=g+= !*@/ !() sf] b'a} lsQf hUuf jfbL kIfaf6 /}s/kl/0ft eO { xf=g + = (!$ sfod ePsf ]nutcGtu{tsf] hUuf ePsf]n] b'a} lsQf hUufdfjfbLx¿sf] xssf] hUuf ePsf] b]lvg] .

k|ltjfbL kIfn] ljjflbt hUufsf] :jfdLb]vfPsf /Tgnfn >]i7sf xsbf/ /x]sf] jfbLx¿sf]k|df0f lbg g;s]sf] eg] syg k'g/fj]bgdf pNn]vu/]sf] kfOG5 . oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] xsdf]xL;Dd xf] . oL jfbLx¿ /Tgnfnsf xsbf/xf]Ogg\ eÌ] jf:tljs xsbf/ sf] x'g\ b]vfpg;s]sf] kfOÌ . cfkm"n] s't a'emfO{ cfPsf] hUufwgLtyf lghsf kl/jf/nfO{ glrÌ] s'/f x'g ;Sb}g .o; sygn] df]xLsf] x}l;ot /fVg] k|ltjfbLsf]kIfdf dfnkf]t sfof{non] ul/lbPsf] lg0f{ocf}lrTok"0f{ / sfg"g;+ut\ 5 eÌ] dfÌ ;lsg]l:ylt gx'g] .

t;y { !(&( sf ] sa ' lnotgfdflkmN8a'sdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f, /}s/ kl/0ftul/Psf] @)@$ ;fnsf] xf=g+= (!$ ;d]tsf]cfwf/df ls=g+= !*@ / !() b'a} lsQf hUufdfcfo' lghL u'7L hgfO{ jfbLx¿sf] xs k'Ug] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofosDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

$df=Gof= >L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof= >L ts{/fhe§, )^*-CI-))$$, c+z, ;Ltfb]jL rGb ;d]tlj= /fdaxfb'/ rGb eGg] efgL rGb

afa' wgL rGbsf rf/ efO 5f]/fx¿dfk'g/fjb]s / k|ToyL{aLr ljdtL ePs]f kfOGg .oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sf afa' cfdfsf] d[To'ePsf] / rf/ c+lzof/dWo] dflxnf] uug rGb/ ;flxnf] dxfjL/ rGbsf] klg d[To' e};s]sf]eGg ] b ] lvP klg lghx¿sf >LdtL /5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ lghx¿sf] c+z xs k|fKt ug]{c+lzof/ /x]s]f b]lvof] . lkm/fbL jfbL c+lzof/bfh' efOdf sfG5f] /x]sf] / lghn] lkm/fb ubf{/ fdaxfb '/ rGb egL lkm/fb u/ ]sf ]dfk|ltjfbLx¿ ljdtL eP klg c+lzof/ ePsf]s'/fdf cGoyf 5}g . jfbLn] c+zj08f gePsf]egL bfjL u/]s]f cj:yfdf k|ltjfbLx¿n]@)@$.!).! df 5'l§O{ leGGf ePsf] eg]sf]b]lvG5 . t/ pQm ldlt @)@$.!).! df 5'l§O{leGg e};s]sf] eGg] Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 k'li6x'g ;s]sf] b]lvGg / k|ltjfbLx¿n] To:tf]k|df0f lbg ;s]sf] klg b]lvFb}g . t;y{ k|ToyL{jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ c+lzof/ ePsf] o; cj:yfdfx/]s c+lzof/sf] hLohLo}sf] c+z efu nfUg]g} b]lvg] .

j fb L k | ltj fb Lx¿ Psf;uf ]nkl/jf/leqsf JolQmx¿ /x]sf] / lghx¿ 5'l§O{le Gg ePsf ] Jojx f/ k |d f 0 f j fb Lk | ltjfb Lx¿af6 :ki6 ug { g;s ]sf ]n ]k|ltjfbLx¿n] @)@$.!).! df 5'l§O{ leGgePsf] s'/f pNn]v u/] klg ;f] plNnlvt s'/fafx]s 5'l§O{ leGg ePsf] b]lvg] :ki6 cfwf/k|df0f k]z u/L k'li6 u/fpg ;s]sf] 5}g .j08f x'g' gkg]{ egL lhsL/ lnPkl5 lhsL/ug]{ kIfn] To:tf] lhsL/nfO{ :jtGq k|df0fåf/fk'li6 u/fpg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;/L k'li6 u/fpgg;s]sf] o; cj:yfdf @)@$ ;fndf j08fePsf] eGg] egfOsf] e/df dfq c+zj08f

88888


dxnsf] #) g+ cfslif{t x'g ;Sg] b]lvGGf .pQm c+zj08fsf] #) g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:Yffx]bf{ @)@$.!).! df oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿aLr a08fkq ePsf] s'/f egfOdf dfq ;Lldtg/xL Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 g} ljZjf; lbnfpg;Sg' k5{ . t/ k|:t't d'2fsf k|ltjfbLx¿n];f] ldltdf a08fkq ePsf] s'g} lnvt k|df0fu'hfg{ ;s]sf] b]lvGGf . oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿pQm ldltdf a08fkq u/L 5'l§Psf] cj:yfeP / lnvt k|df0f eP To:tf] lnvt k|df0f/lhi6«]zg geP klg a08f ;b/ x'g] xf] . t/k|ltjfbLx¿n] s'g} lnvt sfuh k]z u/Lc+zj08f ePsf] tYo :yflkt u/fpg ;s]sf]gb]lvg] .

c+zj08f ePsf] k'li6 / k|dfl0ft ug{g;s]sf] cj:yfdf c+z xs h:tf] hGdl;4clwsf/af6 al~rt ug'{ Gofo ;+ut x'b}g .sfg"gåf/f k|bQ c+z xsnfO{ k|ltjfbLsf] egfOn]dfq s'l07t ug{ ;lsg] klg xf]Og . o;y{Psf;+uf]ndf /x]sf] cj:yfdf jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sfgfddf /x]sf] k}t[s ;DklQ / ;f]af6 a9] a9fPsf];a} ;DklQdf hLohLo} efu a08f nfuL c+zkfpg] s'/f c+lzof/x¿sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ ePsf]n]o:tf] g};lu{s clwsf/nfO{ s'g} axfgfdf s'l07tug{ gldNg] x'Fbf jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sf gfddf /x]sf];Dkltdf ;a} c+lzof/x¿sf aLrdf a08f nfUg]g} b]lvg] .

oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ Psf;uf]nsfc+lzof/ ePsf] s'/fdf ljjfb g/x]sf] / lghx¿@)@$.!).! df a08f u/L 5'l§Psf] eGg] s'g}lnvt sfuh gePsf] / Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 ;d]t5'l§O{ leGg ePsf] k'li6 x'g g;s]sf] o; cj:yfdfoL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sf gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQlghL cfh{gsf] eGg] ;d]t gb]lvPsf] l:yltdf

;uf]nsf oL c+lzof/x¿ aLr j08f nfUg] g}b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLx¿jf6 k]z ePsf] kmfF6jf/L /jfbLsf gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQ;d]taf6 jfbLn] $efusf] ! efu j08f 5'6\ofO{ lng kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[t M >Lk|;fb ;~h]nsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn h]7 !& ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= $

!df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, )^*–RC–))$%, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= ?b|axfb'/ If]qL eÌ] ?b|axfb'/ ;fsL{;d]t

k | ltjfb L 6 Lsf/ fd b ]jsf ]6 fn ]cbfnt;dIf aofg ubf{ k|x/Ln] 8/wfs s'6kL6u/L ;fljtL u/fPsf] egL aofg u/]tfklg ;f];DaGwdf s'g} 3f rf]6 gLn8fd b]vfpg ;s]sf]cj:yf ;d]t gx'Fbf, lghn] ;/sf/L jsLn;d]tsf] pkl:yltdf u/]sf] aofgnfO{ cGoyfdfÌ'kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . t;y{ lghn] oL km/f/k|ltjfbLx¿pk/ u/]sf] kf]nnfO{ klg cGoyfdfÌ'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvFb}g . ;fy} df}sfdf sfuhug]{ dl0f/Tg ;fksf]6f ;d]tsf jfbL kIfsf;fIfLx¿ tyf hfx]/jfnf ;d]tsf] askqaf6;xcleo'Qm 6Lsf/fd b]jsf]6fn] oL km/f/k|ltjfbLx¿pk/ u/]sf] kf]nnfO{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf]l:ylt;d]tsf] cfwf/df km/f/ k|ltjfbLx¿ s'df/>]i7n] d[ts afa'/fd /f]sfxfnfO{ s'6kL6;d]tu/L dfg]{ qmddf rSs'n] 3fF6L ;d]t /]6\b} ubf{oL ljkIfL k|ltjfbL ?b|axfb'/ ;fsL{ ;d]tn]d[tssf] bflxg] xft ;dftL dfg{ ;d]t ;+of]ukfl/lbPsf] b]lvFbf s'df/ >]i7nfO{ d'n'sL P]g,Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ g+= adf]lhd

99999


;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b / ?b|axfb'/ ;fsL{nfO{P]=dxnsf] !#-$_ g+= adf]lhd hGds}bsf] ;hfox'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM j;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn a}zfv * ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, )^&–RC–))$^, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= k|bLk d08n;d]t

ldlt @)^!.@.* sf] jf/bft s'g}ljifodf tTsfn ljjfb l;h{gf eO{ cfsl:ds¿kdf ePsf] klg b]lvFb}g . d[ts hLj5d08nnfO{ dfg'{k5{ egL k"j{ ;Nnfx u/L;f]adf]lhd 36gf:yndf e]nf hDdf eO{ n's]/a;L d[tsnfO{ of]hgfd'tfljs 36gf:yndfNofO{ k'¥ofPkZrft\ d[tsnfO{ k|ltjfbLx¿ ;a}hgf ldnL e"O{Fdf kN6fO{ k|yd k|xf/ km/f/k|ltjfbL zDe' d08nn] u/]kZrft\ ;a}n]kfn}kfnf] ;f]xL cf}hf/ u/f; -u|f;_ n] xfg]sf]eÌ] b]lvPaf6 lghx¿n] d[tsnfO{ dfg]{ lgot/fv]sf] k|i6 b]lvG5 . lghx¿sf] ;f] s;"/df,d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ g+=adf]lhd æwf/ ePsf] jf gePsf] hf]lvdLxltof/ u}x|n] xfgL /f]kL 3f]rL Hofg df/]dfhlt hgf e} xltof/ 5f8]sf] 5 plt hgfHofgdf/f 7x5{ . ;j{:j;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfoug'{k5{ eÌ] Joj:yf cfslif{t x'g] b]lvFbfk|ltjfbLx¿ k|bLk d08n / rGb|]Zj/ d08nnfO{Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ g+ + adf]lhd;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM j;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn a}zfv * ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, )^&– CR–)#(*, )!%^, hLpm df:g]a]Rg], g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= zflGt zfsL{;d]t,lbns'df/L 7s'/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

hLp df:g] a]Rg] ck/fwdf kLl8t :jo+pQm s;"/ ck/fwsf] dxŒjk"0f{ k|df0f x'G5 .k | ltjfb L lbns 'df/ Lsf ] cg ';Gwfgclwsf/L;dIfsf] ;fljtL aofg, hfx]/jfnLsf]hfx]/L b/vf:t, cbfntaf6 k|dfl0ft df}sfsf]aofg sfuh, askq, df}sfsf] sfuh ug]{hËaxfb'/ tfdfªsf] askq / :jo+ k|ltjfbLsf]cbfntsf] aofg;d]taf6 k'li6 ePsf] cj:yfb]lvFbf lgh k|ltjfbLn] cf/f]lkt s;"/ ck/fwgu/]sf] eÌ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvPg . o:tf]cj:yfdf lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ cf/f]lkt s;"/dfcleof]u dfu bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/ sfod u/L;f]xLadf]lhd thlahL !) -bz_ jif{ s}b ;hfox'g] .

ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0faf6 s'g} klgck/fwdf k|ltjfbLn] ;f] ck/fw ug{df lgjf{xu/]sf] e"ldsf / lghsf] ;+nUgtf;d]tnfO{ljrf/ u/L cbfntn] sfg"gn] lbPsf] thlahLclwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L s;"/ sfod ug]{ /;hfo lgwf{/0f ug]{ ub{5 . o;} qmddf k|:t'td'2fdf klg cf/f]lkt s;"/df k|ltjfbLx¿sf]e"ldsf / ;+nUgtfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;hfou/]sf ] b]lvg cfpF5 . ;hfosf] k|of ]hg;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ck/fwaf]w u/fpg' xf],abnf lng' xf]Og . P]gn] tf]s]sf] pkNnf] xbsf];hfo g} x'g'kg]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf jfbL kIfn]k'g/fj]bg kqdf lhsL/ lnPklg ;f]sf] s'g}cfwf/ lbg ;s]sf] cfpFb}g . ;hfosf] k|of]hg;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ eljiodf cfkm"nfO{ ;'wfg]{

1010101010


cj;/ lbg' xf], lghnfO{ ;dfKt g} ul/lbg]xf]Og . s;"/sf] k|s[lt / ck/fw ug]{sf] k|j[lQtyf cj:yfsf cfwf/df ;hfosf] xb tf]lsg]xf] . Gofostf{n] ;hfosf] tNnf] xb tf]Sb}dfsfg"gsf] pNn+3g g} ePsf] dfÌ ldNb}g .dflyNnf] lgsfonfO{ ;hfosf] xb cldNbf]nfu]df k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]kl/jt{g x'g g;Sg] xf]Og . t/, k|:t't ljjfbdfk'g/fj]bg cbfntn] k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ tf]s]sf];hfo kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ cj:yf gb]lvg] .

kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf b08 lgwf{/0f ubf{ljwflosL sfg"gn] tf]lsPsf] ;Ldfleq /xLs;"/sf] k|s[lt / k|ltjfbLsf] pQm s;"/ck/fwdf /x]sf] bf]ifsf] dfqfcg';f/ ;hfolgwf{/0f ul/G5 . of] ljz'4 Goflos :jljj]ssf]ljifo klg xf] . o:tf] :jljj]ssf] k|of]u u/Lb08 lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ljifodf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]klg xf]Og . To:t} k|ltjfbL zflGt ;fsL{ jnLsf]3/df k"j{ kl/lrt ePsf] sf/0f kLl8t a:guPsf] / lgh k|ltjfbL kLl8tnfO{ a]Rg] sfo{dfck|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvP klgef/tdf lgh kLl8tnfO{ lnO{ uPsf] eÌ] gb]lvO{s]jn a]Rgsf nflu k|k~r ldnfO{ lbPsf];Ddb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf pQm s;"/df lghsf] e"ldsf/ ;+nUgtfnfO{ b[li6ut gu/L sd s;"/ sfodu/L cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/ sfodu/L ;f]xLadf]lhd ;hfo cGoyf eÌ gldNg]x'Fbf k|ltjfbL lbns'df/L 7s'/LnfO{ hLp df:g]a]Rg] -sfo{ lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)$# sf] bkmf $sf] s;"/ sfod u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf *-!_adf]lhd !)-bz_ jif{ s}b / k|ltjfbL zflGt;fsL{ jnLnfO{ klg ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf $adf]lhdsf] s;"/ sfod u/L ;fxL P]gsf] bkmf

*-$_ adf]lhd # -tLg_ jif{ ^-5_ dlxgf s}b;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ;fpg !& ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, ;fws g+= )^*–RC–))^*, st{Jo Hofg,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= pdL{nf yfkf

k|ltjfbL pdL{nf yfkfn] ldlt @)^$.@.!&ut] cfˆg} dfdf hfx]/jfnf dfgaxfb'/ sfsL{sf]^ jif]{ 5f]/f -efO_ s]zj sfsL{nfO{ cfˆgf] emf]nfaf6t]nsf] l;;L lems]/ kmfnL lbPsf] eÌ] ;d]t;fdfGo s'/fdf PSsf;L l/; yfDg g;sLxh'/afsf] cf]5\ofg d'lgaf6 v's'/L lemsL6fpsf]nufotsf] cËdf k|xf/ u/]kl5 v's'/L36gf:ynd} kmfnL efu]sf] x' F egL z'¿clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L tyf cbfntdf ;d]t36gf ljj/0f / sf/0f;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joxf]/fv'nfO{ ;fljtL aofg lnPsf] b]lvG5 . lghk|ltjfbLn] 36gfkl5 ck/fw af]w eO{ kZrftfknfuL jgdf em'l08P/ dg]{ k|of; ;d]t u/]sf] /To;f] ubf{ 8f]/L r'Fl8P/ dg{ g;s]sf] eÌ] ;d]tkZrftfkk"0f{ aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . hfx]/jfnflghsf dfdf dfgaxfb'/ sfsL{sf] hfx]/L b/vf:t36gf:yn tyf nf; k|s[lt d'r'Nsf zj k/LIf0fk|ltj]bgdf "Cause of death due to excessive

Hemorrhage and shock due to cut injuryÆ eÌ];d]t pNn]v ePsf]af6 d[To'sf] sf/0f 3fF6Lsfl6P ;d]tsf] rf]6af6 cTolws /Qm;|fj eO{d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] eÌ] b]lvg cfPaf6 ;d]tlgh k|ltjfbLsf] pQm ;fljtLnfO{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf]b]lvG5, ;fy} hfx]/jfnfnufot u+ufk|;fb uf}td

1111111111


;d]tsf df}sfdf a'lemPsf JolQmx¿n] k|ltjfbLsf]s;"/nfO{ u9fp x'g] u/L ul/lbPsf] askq ;d]toL k|ltjfbL pdL{nf yfkfs} st{Joaf6 d[tsafns s]zj sfsL{sf] d[To' ePsf] eÌ] tYodfs'g} ljjfb gb]lvFbf lghn] d[tssf] Jojxf/af6tTsfn p7]sf] l/; yfDg g;sL jf/bft 36fPsf]b]lvP tfklg v's'/L h:tf] hf]lvdL xltof/ k|of]uu/]sf] sf/0f d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] b]lvFbf lghsf];f] s;"/df d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]!#-!_ g+= cfslif{t eO{ ;f]xL g+= adf]lhd lghnfO{;j{:j;lxt hGd s}b x'g] dgfl;a gb]lvg] .

k|ltjfbLsf] pd]/ cToGt} slnnf] /x]sf]b]lvG5 eg] d[tssf] Jojxf/af6 tTsfn p7]sf]l/; yfDg g;sL ;f] 36gf ePsf] b]lvG5 .h;af6 dflg;df /x]sf] dgf]lj1fg x]bf{ s'g}a]nf ;fdfGo 36gfn] klg clgolGqt l/; p7\g;Sg] / tTsfnsf] cj:yfdf 7Ls a]7Ls 5'§\ofpgg;Sg] eO{ uDeL/ kl/0ffd;d]t lgDTofpg ;Sg]dgl:ylt aÌ ;S5 eÌ] b]lvG5 . oBlk ;f]jf/bft 36\bfsf] cj:yfdf s'g} k"j{ l/;OjLg/x]sf] klg x'g ;S5 . k|:t't d'2fsf] 36gfdfklg To:tf] s'g} k"j{ l/;OjL / of]hgf /x]sf]klg b]lvFb}g . cfˆg} dfdfsf] ;fgf] 5f]/f gftfdfcfˆgf] efO kg]{;Fu v]ln/x]sf] cj:yfdf d[tsefOn] cfˆgf] emf]nfsf] ;fdfg rnfpg yfn]kl5gu/ gu/ eGbfeGb} klg emf]nfaf6 t]nsf]l;;L lems]/ kmflnlbPsf] sf/0f PSsf;LclgolGqt x'g uO{ k|:t't h3Go 36gf x'guPsf] tYo ;f] 36gf qmdn] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 eg];f] jf/bftkZrft\ k|ltjfbLnfO{ cToGt} kZrftfk/ UngLaf]w eO{ em'l08P/ cfTdxTof ug]{;Ddsf]k|of; u/]sf] nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ 36gfqmd pNn]vu/L oyfy{ Joxf]/f gl5kfO{ aofg ul/lbPsf]af6;d]t Gofostf{nfO{ Gofo lg/f]k0fdf ;xof]u

k'Ug uPsf] eÌ] ;d]t b]lvPsf] cj:yf x'Fbflgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ 7x/]adf]lhd xb};Ddsf] s}b;hfo ubf{ rsf]{ kg{ hfg] b]lvFbf clt ;fdfGoljjfbdf k|ltjfbLn] l/; yfDg g;sL dfdfsf]5f]/f efOnfO{ v's'/Ln] lxsf{pFbf Hofg dg{uPkZrft\ k|ltjfbLdf k|folZrt kL8f af]wb]lvPsf], k|ltjfbLn] cfk/flws sfo{sf] ljj/0fg9fF6L v'nfO{ Gofo ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u u/]sf]eÌ] ;d]tsf cfwf/df k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;j{:j;lxthGds}bsf] ;hfo 7x¥ofP klg c=a+= !** g+=n] lbPsf] thlahL clwsf/ k|of ]u u/Lk|ltjfbLnfO{ !@ -afx|_ jif{ dfq s}b ;hfox'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn h]7 @^ ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, )^^–CI–)#^@, lg0f{o ab/ df]xL sfod,jL/]Gb| yklnof;d]t lj= >j0fs'df/ yfkf;d]t

ljjflbt hUufdf ;fljsb]lv ljkIfLlkm/fbLx¿sf] cfdf b]js'df/L yfkfn] sdfO{cfPsf] egL lkm/fbdf lhsL/ lnPtfklg ;f]lkm/fb n]vaf6} ljjflbt hUuf lgjf{0f]Zj/LdlGb/sf] hUuf /x]sf] / lghn] @)@! ;fnsf]gfkLdf cfˆgf] gfddf gfk gS;f u/fpg g;s]sf]eÌ] b]lvG5 . u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf#% cGtu{t /x]sf] Joj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ s]xL lglZrt\cj:yfdf u'7L hUufdf u'7L e"axfn s/ lnO{df]xL sfod ul/lbg ;Sg] cyjf b:t"/ lnO{ 3/agfpg lbg;Sg] nufotsf Joj:yfx¿ /x]sf]b]lvG5 . s'g} P]gsf] ds;b a'‰g P]gsf] s'g}lglZrt\ -Particular_ bkmf dfq cWoog u/]/k'Ub}g ;f] P]gsf] ;du| Joj:yfx¿nfO{ cWoog

1212121212


/ dgg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . P]nfgL, afFemf] ;d]tsf]hUufx¿df e"axfn nufpg ;Sg] p7fpg ;Sg]cyjf To:tf] axfn s/ jf b:t"/ lnO{ df]xLdfbtf{ ul/lbg jf 3/ agfpg lbg;Sg] nufotsf]clwsf/ u'7L ;+:yfgnfO{ /x]sf] b]lvP klg ;f]Joj:yf u'7Lsf] h'g;'s} hUufsf] xsdf cyf{t\dlGb/ b]j:yn wfld{s jf ;fj{hlgs k|s[ltsf]hUufsf] xsdf klg cfslif{t x'g ;S5 egLdfÌ gldNg] .

u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #%sf] pkbkmf -!_ df u'7L hUufdf e"axfnnufO{ cfPsf]df ;+:yfgn] e"axfn lng;Sg];DdJoj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 eg] k|:t't d'2fsf] ljjfbe"axfn;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] geO{ dlGb/ ;d]tePsf] u'7L hUufdf 3/ agfO{ ;s]sf] sf/0fn]df]xL xs kfpFm eÌ] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xLbkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ df u'7L ;+:yfgsf] :jLs[ltlnO{ 3/ agfO{ ;s]sf] eP b:t"/ lnO{ df]xLsfod ul/lbg ;Sg] s'/f pNn]v 5 eg] pkbkmf-#_ df P]nfgL jf afFemf] u'7L hUuf jf afuau}+rfdf 3/ agfpg :jLs[lt dfu]df ;+:yfgn]b:t"/ lnO{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg] / :jLs[ltglnO{ 3/ agfPsf] eP JolQmsf] xs ;dfKteO{ ;+:yfgsf] x'g] eÌ] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .dfly plNnlvt tL Joj:yfx¿af6 u'7Lsf]b]j:yn b]jL b]jtf dlGb/ tyf kj{ k"hfhfqf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] hUufdf klg 3/agfpg ;lsg] jf 3/ alg;s]sf] eP klgdf]xL sfod ul/lbg' kg]{ eÌ] ;f] Joj:yfsf]cf;o /x]sf] gkfOg] .

u'7L hUufx¿df e"axfn p7fpg] s'/fxf];\ cyjf 3/ alg;s]sf] u'7L hUufdf tf]lsPsf]b:t"/ lnO{ df]xL sfod ul/lbg ;Sg]nufotsfh'g;'s} sfd s'/fx¿ klg b]j:yn dlGb//lxtsf

u'7L hUufsf] xsdf dfq ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 .cGoyf dlGb/ b]j:yn /x]sf] h'g;'s} hUufdf3/ ePs} sf/0fn] JolQmsf gfddf btf{ x'g;Sg]jf df]xL sfod x'g;Sg] ;d]t l:ylt x'g;Sg] xf]eg] To:tf] hUufdf JolQmsf] sAhf / ef]u /x]sf]sf/0fn] JolQmsf] :yfoL :jfldTj l;h{gf x'ghfg] eO{ P]gsf] bkmf @%-$_ sf] ds;b g}ljk/Lt x'ghfg] eO{ ;f] bkmfn] u/]sf] Joj:yfsf]s'g} cf}lrTo g} g/xg] .

u'7Lsf] l6Kk0fL kmfon ;+nUg /x]sf]gfkLsf] lkmN8a's x]bf{ ls;fgsf] dxndflgjf{0f]Zj/ dlGb/ pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 eg]lj/x dxndf dlGb/ egL k|i6tM hlgPsf]b]lvG5 . h;af6 dlGb/ ;d]t /x]sf] u'7L hUufdfljkIfL lkm/fbLx¿sf] bfjL k'Ug g;Sg' :jfefljsb]lvG5 . ;fy} pQm ;fljs @)@! ;fnsf] gfkLdfdlGb/ kl/;/ k|i6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf kl5sf];j]{ gfkLdf cfkm"nfO{ ;fljs ls=g+= ^ sf]hUuf egL xfn ls=g+= !@ nfO{ @)$$ ;fnsf]gfkLdf b]vfpFbf ljjjfbf:kb / c:jfefljs;d]t b]lvg cfpFbf lg0f{oZj/ dlGb/ /x]sf]hUufdf dlGb/ s§f u/L z'¿ k|ltjfbLdWo]t'Ol;+ dfnLsf] gfd hf]tfxfdf hlgg] b':k|of;u'7L txlansf sd{rf/L ;d]tsf] ldn]dtf]dfePsf] b]lvPsf] eÌ] ;d]tsf cfwf/df u'7L;+:yfgaf6 ldlt @)#*.!.!) plNnlvtlsQfaf6 t'O{l;+ dfnL hf]tfxf n]lvPsf] ab/u/L ;fljs lgdf{0f]Zj/ dlGb/ g} sfod ul/Psf]eÌ] ;d]t lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvFbf t'O{l;+ dfnLsf]gfd ;f] nutaf6 s§f e};s]sf] / ;f] lg0f{oab/ u/fpg ;s]sf] cj:yf klg g/x]sf] /;fljs gfkLdf df]lxofgL sfod gePsf]cj:yfdf @)$$ sf] gfkLdf hUufwgL b]vfO{df]xLofgL xs kfpg' kg]{ eÌ] ljkIfL jfbLx¿sf]

1313131313


bfjL k|:t't ljjfbsf] ;Gbe{df d'gfl;a gb]lvFbfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gaf6 ldlt @)^^.%.&df df]xL sfod ug]]{ u/]sf] km};nf u'7L ;+:yfgP]g, @)## sf] bkmf @%-$_ ;d]tsf] ljk/Ltb]lvFbf pN6L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn h]7 @^ ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

§ o;} nufpsf] )^^–CI–)#^#, lg0f{o btf{ab/, u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]tlj= >j0fs'df/ yfkf;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfklg o;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

^df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, ;fws g+= )^*–RC–))&!, st{Jo Hofg,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= emÍgf/fo0f lu/L

k|ltjfbL emÍgf/fo0f lu/Ln] cbfnt;dIfaofg ubf{ d[tsn] s/fpFb} cfPsf] h:tf] //fOkmn tfg]sf] h:tf] nfUof] d}n] PSsf;L uf]nL5f]8]5' egL 36gfqmdsf] tYonfO{ s]xL kl/jt{gu/L eljtJo xf] ls eÌ] h:tf] efg kfg{ vf]h]tfklg /fOkmn h:tf] hf]lvdL xltof/af6 uf]nL5f]8]5' egL aofg u/]sf]nfO{ TolQs} uf]nL rNof]xf]nf egL xNsf / ;fdfGo ¿kdf lng ldNg]gb]lvg] .

k|x/L xjNbf/ h:tf] kbdf sfo{/t\/lx;s]sf] k|ltjfbLn] s] s:tf] cj:yfdf /fOkmnk8\sg ;S5 eÌ] hfgsf/L lghnfO{ pQm ;dodflyPg xf]nf egL dfÌ ;lsg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .lgh k|ltjfbLn] d[tsnfO{ uf]nL k|xf/ u/]sf]dfd'v ;fljt} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} 36gf:yndfk8\lsPsf] uf]nLsf] vfnL vf]sf tyf gk8\lsPsfuf]nLx¿ @ yfg /x]sf] nufotsf ljj/0f /d[tssf] Autopsy Report sf] Cause of Death

lzif{sdf æRifled Fire arm injury to the AbdomenÆeÌ] pNn]v ePaf6 k|ltjfbLn] k|xf/ u/]sf] uf]nLd[tssf] k]6df nfUg uO{ d[To' ePsf] tYo :yflktx'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] s'/fnfO{ df}sfdf df}h'b/x]sf] sfuh ug]{ /fds'df/ pk|]tLnufotsfJolQmx¿n ] cbfnt;dIf ul/ lbPsf ]askqaf6;d]t k|ltjfbLsf] s;"/ :yflkt x'gcfPsf] b]lvFbf lghnfO{ d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwLdxnsf] !#-!_ g+= sf] s;"/df ;f]xL g+= adf]lhd;j{:j;lxt hGds}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn h]7 @^ ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, ;fws g+= )^*–RC–))&#, st{Jo Hofg,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= cd/l;Fx dx/f

d[tssf] xTof ug'{sf] sf/0f dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{sf] nflu h'Qfnufotsf ;fdfg lsÌegL d[tsx¿n] NofPsf] nfvf}+ ef/tLo ¿k}ofFx8Kg' /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;df d[tsx¿sf] xTofug{ ;f] 36gf ljj/0fdf plNnlvt hfnk|k~r/ if8\oGqk"0f{ tfgfjfgf a'gL d[tsx¿nfO{ lao/v'jfO{ clGtddf sleeping tablet ;d]t ld;fP/ôfG6f lknfP/ nlÝPkl5 cfkm" ;d]tsf] ;xdlt/ ;xof]udf d[tsx¿sf] 6fpsf]df 9'Ëfnufotsf] s8f j:t'n] k|xf/ u/L dxfsfnLgbLdf kmflnlbPsf] eÌ] aofgaf6 ;f] jf/bftsf]oyfy{ lrq0f lghsf] df}sfsf] aofgaf6 5n{Ëx'G5 . k|:t't d'2fdf d[tssf] nf; a/fdb x'g;s]sf] geP klg ;f] a/fdb x'g g;s]sf] tYolgh k|ltjfbLx¿n] 36gf:ynsf] eL/af6d[tsx¿sf nf; dxfsfnL gbLdf kmflnlbPsf]eÌ] aofg;Fu tbfTDotf /xg uPsf] b]lvg] .

1414141414


d'2fsf] jf/bft;Fu ;DalGwt nf;nufotsf] k|ToIf bzL k|df0f ge]l6Psf]b]lvPtfklg 36gfnfO{ ;dy{g ug] { cGokl/l:ylthGo k|df0f / sf/0fx¿sf] klgdxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h:tf] k|:t'td'2fsf] jf/bft ef/tLo ¿k}ofF lng] vfg] nf]eaf6u|:tnfO{ k|ltjfbLx¿n] if8\oGqsf] / tfgfafgfa'Ì] sfd z'¿ u/]sf] eÌ] s'/fnfO{ a8fn nhsfdflns /fdl;Fx a8fnn] k|x/L;dIf u/]sf] cfˆgf]sfuhdf /ljg eÌ] cd/l;+x dx/fn] kmf]g u/Lsf]7fsf] nflu ;f]wk'5 ubf{ sf]7f vfnL 5eg]kl5 lgh /ljg eGg] cd/l;Fx dx/fn] d]/f];fydf Jofkf/L ;fyLx¿ 5g\ egL ;f]xL lbg;+3if{ eÌ] dlgnfn ;]h'jfn / kj{t eÌ] jL/]Gb|/f]sfof;d]t d]/f] nhdf cfP . /ljg eÌ]cd/l;+xn] /flt c+= * ah] d]/f] ;'Tg] sf]7fdfcfO{ ef/tLo ¿k}ofF cf7 nfv v}/f] /Ësf]emf]nfdf NofO{ dnfO{ lhDdf /fVg lbFbf ¿k}ofFd}n] ugL lhDdf lnFbf ;+3if{ / kj{t eÌ] jL/]Gb|/f ]sfof;d]t 9f]sfdf plePsf lyP egLul/lbPsf] sfuhnfO{ cbfnt;dIf cfO{ aofgubf{ cfˆgf] ;f] k"j{ sygnfO{ k'li6 x'g] u/LasL n]vfO{ lbPsf] b]lvG5 . lgh ujfxn]k|x/L;dIf u/]sf] sfuhsf] Joxf]/faf6 lgh/fdl;+x a8fnnfO{ k|x/Ln] bafak"j{s To:tf]sfuh v8f u/]sf] xf] ls < eÌ] klg b]lvFb}geg] cbfnt;dIf cfO{ To;nfO{ ;dy{g x'g]u/L aSg'kg]{ cj:yf klg b]lvFb}g . ;f]sf] cltl/Qmhfx]/jfnf ljjzs'df/ ;]h'jfn / j:t'l:yltd'r'Nsfsf JolQm s/g l;+x wfdL, bdgaxfb'/a6fnf ;d]tsf JolQmx¿n] cbfnt;dIf cfO{u/]sf] askq Joxf]/faf6 ;d]t oL k|ltjfbL/ljg eÌ] cd/l;+x /f]sfof;d]tsf] s;"/ck/fwnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf] b]lvg] .

k|ltjfbLsf] z'¿sf] ;fljtLnfO{ 36gf:ynljj/0f, k|df0fsf] ¿kdf k]z ePsf] ldl;n ;+nUg36gf:ynsf] kmf]6f]x¿, hf]x/jfnfnufot df}sfdfa'lemPsf JolQmx¿n] ul/lbPsf] askq;d]tsf]cfwf/ / sf/0f tyf qmda4 ¿kdf hf]l8Psf]36gfqmdnufotsf kl/l:ylthGo k|df0fx¿sf]ljj]rgfaf6 ;d]t oL k|ltjfbLsf] s;"/ ck/fw:yflkt x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbf /ljg eÌ] cd/l;+xdx/fnfO{ d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !tyf !#-#_ g+= sf] s;"/df ;f]xL g+= adf]lhdhGds}bsf] ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn h]7 @^ ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, ;fws )^&–RC–)!)&, st{Jo Hofg,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= dx]z aflNdsL

ldl;n ;+nUg 36gf:yn tyf 6fpsf]gePsf] nf;sf] k|s[lt d'r'Nsf, a/fdbL 6fpsf]sf]zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf Death due to sever

hemorrhage eÌ] ;d]t pNn]v ePaf6 k|ltjfbLsf];fljtL aofgnfO{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 .cbfntdf askq ul/lbg] df}sfdf sfuh ug]{d[tssL cfdf ;'gLtf aflNdsLn] 3/df rfdns]nfP/ al;/x]sf] ;dodf v]ln/x]sf] d[ts5f]/fnfO{ k|ltjfbL aflNdsL cfO{ æef~hf hfpFlxF8 3'Dg hfpF egL nu]sf x'g\ egL 5f]/f ljhonfO{af]nfP/ b'sfg nuL lghn] lslglbPsf] bfndf]7c¿ 5f]/fnfO{ lbg 3/df cfO{ 3/af6 kmsL{ dx]z;Fu} uPsf x'g\Æ egL n]vfO{ lbPsf] b]lvG5 eg]hfx]/jfnf lji0f' aflNdsLn] klg ;f]xL s'/fnfO{;dy{g ub}{ askq ul/lbPsf] b]lvG5 . h;af6lghn] ljho aflNdsLnfO{ 3/af6 af]nfO{ nuL

1515151515


sf6]/ kmfn]sf] x'F eÌ] lghsf] ;fljtL aofg ;Fu;f] askqsf] tfbfTDotf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;af6dfdf gftf kg]{ oL k|ltjfbL dx]z aflNdsLn] g}d[ts ljho aflNdsLnfO{ af]nfO{ nuL dfdfn]s]xL ub}{g eÌ] ljZjf;df k/L lgh;Fu} uPkZrft\k"j{ of]hgf d'tflas oL k|ltjfbLn] d[tsnfO{3fF6L sf6L df/L z/L/ kmfnL lbO{ cGoJolQmx¿nfO{ cft+lst kfg]{;d]t p2]Zon] bfh'ljgf]b aflNdsLsf] 3/df ;d]t d[tssf] 6fpsf]NofO{ /fv]sf] l;4 x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLnfO{Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ g+=sf] s;"/df ;f]xLg+= adf]lhd ;j{:j;lxt hGds}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn h]7 @^ ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, )^&–CR–)!%$, )@@$ st{Jo Hofg,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= e}/j l;+x af]x/f, g}gaxfb'/af]x/f lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

d[ts pk/ oL ljkIfL k|ltjfbL e}/jl;+x;d]tn] xft xfn]sf] xf] ls xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdfgogaxfb'/ af]x/fn] z'? cg';Gwfg clwsf/L;dIfjofg ubf{ e}/jaxfb'/ ;d]t eO{ s'6kL6 u/Ldf/]sf] xf] egL kf]n u/]sf]df ;f] kf]n afx]s cGoyk s'g} bzL k|df0f k]z bfv]n x'g ;s]sf]gb]lv+bf ljkIfL k|ltjfbL e}/jl;+x af]x/f d[tslht]Gb|axfb'/ zfxsf] xTofsf] jf/bftdf dt;Nnfxk;]sf] xf] egL k|i6 / z+sf/lxt tj/af6 k'li6x'g cfPsf] b]lvFb}g . o; l:yltdf lghn] g}gaxfb'/af]x/fsf] s'6kL6 ;d]taf6 d[ts lht]Gb|axfb'/zfxsf] d[To' e};s]sf] hfGbf hfGb} klg sxLF st}JoQm gu/L bjfpg] l5kfpg] k|of; ;Dd u/]sf]n]lghsf] xsdf d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]

@% g+= cfslif{t x'g] 7x¥ofpFb} lghsf] xsdf;f]xL g+= adf]lhd ¿=@).– -aL;_ ?k}ofF h/Ljfgfx'g] .

g }gaxfb ' / af ] x/ fn ] d 'tsnfO {a~r/f];d]t k|xf/ u/L gdf/]sf] eP lghn] ;f]bzL k|df0f a~r/f] z+sf:kb cj:yfdf n'sfO{/fVg' kg]{ l:ylt x'Fb}g lyof] eg] lghsf] 3/cfFugdf ;d]t /ut b]lvg' To;df lnkkf]t;d]t ePsf] b]lvg' h:tf kl/l:ylthGok|df0fx¿n] jf/bftdf lghsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf]nfO{g} OlËt ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . a/fdbL s]xLsk8fdf nfu]sf] /ut lgh d[tssf] xf] lsxf]Og eÌ] ;DaGwdf s'g} k|Zg klg v8f ePsf]b]lvFb}g . k'g/fj]bs g}gaxfb'/ af]x/fn] d[tslht]Gb|axfb'/ zfxnfO{ st{Jo u/L dfl/;s]kZrft\cGTodf ;f] nf;nfO{ yfGsf] nufpg e}/jl;+xaf]x/f;d]tsf] d2tdf afv]| 8'Ks] eL/df nu]/kmfn]sf] / ;f] jf/bftdf k|o'Qm ePsf] a~r/f];d]t z+sf:kb ¿kdf n'sfO{ /fv]sf] cj:yfdfa/fdb ;d]t ePsf] b]lvg cfPsf]n] lghsf]st{Joaf6 g} d[ts lht]Gb|axfb'/ zfxsf] d[To'ePsf] tYo :yflkt x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbf lghnfO{d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ g+=adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ck/fwdf ;f]xL g+= adf]lhd;j{:j;lxt hGds}b x'g] .

k|ltjfbLsf] pd]/ jf/bft x'Fbfsf avt%@ jif{ e};s]sf] b]lvPsf] / tbg';f/ lghsf]pd]/ xfn nueu %^ jif{ e};s]sf] x'g cfpg]b ] lvG5 eg] jf/bft x ' Fbfsf ] cj:yf /kl/l:ylt;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{, ldlt @)^%.!.!&ut] oL k|ltjfbL cfˆg} 3/df /S;L ;]jg u/Lal;/x]sf] cj:yfdf d[ts lht]Gb|axfb'/ zfxn]lgh a'xf/L cd[tf af]x/f PSn} ;'lt/x]sf] sf]7fdf/S;Ln] dflQPsf] cj:yfdf hj/\h:tL 9f]sf

1616161616


vf]Ng vf]h] kl5 a'xf/L cd[tf hf]8n] lrRofPsf]l:yltdf l/;sf] cfj]zdf cfO{ nft d'SsfnufotToxL /x]sf] a~r/f] ;d]tn] k|xf/ ubf{ d[tssf]d[To' x'g k'u]sf] b]lvFbf jf/bft x'g'eGbf k"j{lgh d[tsk|lt oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] s'g}l/;OjL lyof] eÌ] klg ldl;n ;+nUg s'g}sfuh k|df0faf6 b]lvg cfPsf] 5}g . ;+uLgk|s[ltsf] ck/fwdf P]gn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] clGtdtyf xb};Ddsf] ;hfo tf]Sg ;f] s;"/bf/n] k"j{l/; tyf OjL lnO{ ;f] l/;OjLsf] abnf r'sfpgk"j{ of]hgf / tof/L ;d]t u/]sf] x'g'k5{ eÌ]kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt /xL cfPsf]kfOG5 . k|:t't d'2fsf ] jf/bft x' Fbfsf ]k[i7e"ldnfO{ x]bf{ plNnlvt cj:yf /x] ePsf]ldl;n ;+nUg sxL+ st}af6 b]lvFb}g . o;kl/k|]Iodf ljBdfg d'n'sL P]gdf /x]sf] cbfntLaGbf]a:tsf] !** g+= nfO{ x]bf{ æ;j{:j;lxthGds}b jf hGds}b ug'{kg]{ ePsf d'2fdf ;fljt7x/ ck/fw u/]sf ] cj:yf ljrf/ ubf {s;"/bf/nfO{ P]gadf]lhdsf] ;hof lbFbf rsf]{x'g] b]v]sf] sf/0f;lxtsf] v'nf;f n]vL clGtdlg0f{o lbg]n] klg To:tf] b]v]df P]gn] x'g] ;hfodf36fO{ tf]Sg x'G5Æ eÌ] Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .c=a+= !** g+= sf] pQm Joj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ s'g}h3Go s;"/ ck/fw x'g uPsf] cj:yfdf klgTo:tf] 36gf 36\g' cl3 kLl8t jf d[tssf]tTsfnsf] lqmofsnfk cleo'Qm -Acused_ nfO{cfj]zdf cfpg pS;fpg] -Provoke jf induce_ug{;Sg] vfnsf] eO{, cleo'Qm pQ]lht ePsf]sf/0fn] To:tf] jf/bft x'g uPsf] v08df ;f]jf/bft x'Fbfsf] kl/l:ylt / cj:yf;d]tnfO{dWogh/ ubf{ s]xL ljrf/0fLo sf/0fx¿ pTkÌx'g uPsf] cj:yfdf Gofostf{nfO{ k|ltjfbLpk/;hfo tf]Sg s]xL g/d gLlt lng;Sg] thlahL

clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] b]lvFbf k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbL g}gaxfb'/ af]x/fsf] xsdf d'n'sL P]g,cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] !** g+= sf] Joj:yfcfslif{t x'g] b]lvFbf ;f]xLadf]lhd lgh g}gaxfb'/af]x/fnfO{ !) -bz_ jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn a}zfv ̂ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, )^&–CR–)@$&, hj/\h:tL s/0fL,nfnaxfb'/ zfxL lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

Central Police Forensic Science

Laboratory n] lbPsf] k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] qm=;+=# df k|ltjfbL nfnaxfb'/ zfxLn] nufPsf]gLnf] 6«fph/sf] / qm=;+= % df kLl8t ;+uLtfyfkfsf] /Qm;|fj gd"gf ;d]tsf] Central Police

Forensic Science Labrotary af6 Examination

-k/LIf0f_ eO{ cfPsf] ljz]if1sf] Opinion -/fo_x]bf{ ;f] Openion sf] t];|f] x/kmdf æHuman

Blood was detected on exhibit no 3 and 5Æ egLpNn]v ePaf6 tL a/fdbL rLh j:t';lxtsfbzLdf dfgj /Qm b]lvPsf] eÌ] k'li6 ePsf]b]lvG5 . To;}u/L e]/L c~rn c:ktfnn] lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no afFs]nfO{ n]v]sf] r=g+= @$!ldlt @)^%.&.@^ sf] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f l/kf]6{Ædf klg lgh ;+uLtf yfkfsf] of]gL aflx/ ;'lÌPsf],l3l;|Psf] / RoflQPsf] b]lvPsf], kLl8tsf]lemNnL RoflQPsf] 5 eÌ] ;d]t pNn]v ePsf]af6kLl8tnfO{ oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] hj/\h:tLs/0fL u/]sf] tYonfO{ ;dy{g / k'li6 ul//x]sf]cj:yfdf k | ltjfbLn ] z '¿ cg ';Gwfgclwsf/L;dIf aofg ug]{ qmddf ælghnfO{ s/0fLug{ of]gLdf lnË /fVg gkfpFb} aLo{ :vng

1717171717


ePsf]Æ eg]sf 5g\ eg] cbfnt;dIf aofgubf{, ækLl8tsf] of]gLdf cfˆgf] lnË /fvL l5/fpgvf]Hbf cfwf lnË leq k:of] aLo{ emg{ kfPsf]lyPg s]6fs]6LnfO{ s/0fL ubf{ 5'§} cfgGb cfpF5egL s/0fL u/]sf] x'FÆ egL aofg u/]sf]af6of]gLdf lnË /fVg gkfpFb} aLo{ :vng ePsf]eg]sf] / aLo{ emg{ kfPsf] lyPg eÌ] b]lvPaf6pQm b'a} l:yltdf kLl8tsf] of]gL jf sk8fdfaLo{ gkfpg' :jfefljs} b]lvg cfpF5 . oLk|ltjfbLsf] lnËdf aLo{ kfOPsf] 5}g eÌ] :jf:Yok/LIf0f l/kf]6{nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf klg lghn]cbfntdIf u/]sf] aofgdf æaLo{ emg{ kfPsf]lyPgÆ eg]sf] syg;Fu ;f] l/kf]6{sf] tfbfDotf/x]sf] b]lvg cfPaf6;d]t aLo{ ge]l6g' :jfefljs}b]lvg cfpF5 . ;fy} kLl8tsf] of]gLdf d]/f] lnËhj/\h:tL l5/fpFbf lghsf] of]gL RofltPsf] xf]egL cbfnt;dIf u/]sf] aofgdf n]vfO{ lbPsf]b]lvG5 eg] lgh kLl8tsL cfdf l8NnL yfkf-gfd kl/jt{g_ n] cbfnt;dIf u/]sf] askqdfæ5f]/Lsf] of]gLaf6 /ut alu/x]sf] lyof] s] ePsf]egL ;f]4f o;n] s/0fL u/]sf] eg]sL x'g\Æeg]af6 ;d]t oL k'g/fj]bs nfnaxfb'/ zfxLn]kLl8t ;+uLtf yfkfnfO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf]tYo :yflkt x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLnfnaxfb'/ zfxLnfO{ d'n'sL P]g, hj/\h:tLs/0fLsf] dxnsf] ! g+= sf] s;"/df P]=dxnsf]#-!_ g+= adf]lhd !@ jif{ s}b / P]= dxnsf] !)g+= adf]lhd kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{;d]t e/fOlbg'kg]{ .

Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn a}zfv ̂ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!!df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^^–CR–)#)(, hLpm df:g] a]Rg],adaxfb'/ tfdfª lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL adaxfb'/ tfdfªn]z'¿ k'g/fj]bgkq;fy k]z u/]sf] elgPsf] h'ljtfd]gkfj/ sDkgLsf] eL;f, Kn]g l6s6 /kf;kf]6{nufotsf ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftx¿af6a]kQf /x]sL l8ndfof tfdfª s'j]t uPsf] k'li6e}/x]sf] egL lhsL/ lnPtfklg To;tk{m ljrf/ubf{, k|]lift ePsf plNnlvt lnvt sfuhftx¿k|yd b[li6d} :ki6 / z+sf/lxt /x]sf] b]lvFb}geg] pQm lnvt sfuhftx¿ -Documents_sxfFaf6 s'g ;|f]t dfkm{t\ k|fKt ePsf x'g\ eÌ]s'/f klg k|ltjfbLn] k|i6 ug{ g;sL e/kbf{k|df0fx¿ gePsf] b]lvPsf]n] pQm lnvtsfuhftx¿sf] cflwsfl/stf -Authenticity_ dfg} uDeL/ k|Zg pTkGg x'g uPsf] b]lvG5 . h;n]ubf{ tL c:ki6 ¿kdf /x]sf pQm 5fofFk|ltlnlvtx¿nfO{ z+sf/lxt / :jtGq k|df0fsf] ¿kdfu|x0f ug{ g;lsg] .

cfˆgf];Fu;fydf sfddf nufO{ lbg] egLljZjf; lbnfO{ nluPsL kLl8t l8ndfof tfdfªsxfF l5g\ < lgh xfn;Dd hLljt l5g\ jf d[tl5g\ < lghsf] af/]df lgh k|=nfO{ hfgsf/L x'g]x'Fbf xfn;Dd s'g} yfxf hfgsf/Lk|fKt ug{ g;sLa]kQf g} /x]sL b]lvG5 . lghsf] s'j]tdf d[To'e};s]sf] eÌ]af/] k|fof]hsdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L k|fKtePsf] eÌ] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL adaxfb'/ tfdfªn]sfd ug]{ u/]sf] elgPsf] h'a]tf Dofgkfj/ sDkgLsf]kq -5fofFk|lt_ ;Dd k|:t't u/]sf] ePtf klgTof] c:ki6 / ck'i76 sfuhsf] cfwf/df s'g}JolQmsf] d[To' g} e};s]sf] eÌ / dfÌ ;lsg]cj:yf gb]lvg] .

1818181818


cfkm"n] j}b]lzs /f]huf/df k7fpg lhDdflnPsf] JolQmn] To:tf] b'3{6gf jf eljtJo k/]sf]eP b"tfjf;dfkm{t\ k|df0f k|fKt u/L k|]lift ug{;Ddkg]{ lyof] . @)^) r}t dlxgfb]lv cfh;DdTo:tf] k|df0faf6 k'li6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfkm";Fu}aDaO{;Dd k'¥ofPsL r]nL tt\kZrft\ sxfF uOg\t < olb s'j]t uPsf] eP s'g Kn]g, s'g ̂ nfO6af6s'g ;dodf uPsL x'g\ ;f];Dd klg k'li6 ug{;s]sf] kfOFb}g . s'j]t uPsL xf] egL lhsL/ lnO{c:ki6 / ck'i6 s]xL sfuhft k]z ug'{nfO{ dfqlghsf] lgbf]{liftfsf] nflu kof{Kt cfwf/ dfÌg;Sg] .

k | ltjfbL adaxfb '/n ] sfd ug ] {Dofgkfj/dfkm{t\ eL;f k|fKt eO{ s'a]t uPsL xf]eg] ;f]xL Dofgkfj/n] klg cfkm"dfkm{t\ uPsLJolQmsf] l:ylt af/] k|i6 ¿kdf ;TotYo a'‰gg;Sg] eÌ] b]lvFb}g . ;f]tkm{ kxn ulPsf] eP ;f]Dofgkfj/dfkm{t\ klg l8ndfof s'a]t uPsf] xf]Og/ uPsf] eP pgsf] s] l:ylt 5 eÌ]af/] yktYox¿ k|fKt x'g;Sg] cj:yf /xGYof] t/ To;tkm{s'g} kxn / k|of; eP u/]sf] gb]lvFbf lghn]l8ndfofnfO{ s'a]t k7fPsf] eÌ] tYo lglj{jfb¿kdf :yflkt x'g g;s]sf] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLn] cfkm" s;"/af6 aRg ;j{k|yd df}sfdfcbfnt;dIf pkl:yt geO km/f/ ePsf]tt\kZrft\ k|x/Låf/f kqmfp k/]kl5 dfqcbfntdf aofg ubf{ l8dndfofnfO{ ljb]z nuLljqmL u/]sf]df OGsf/L /x] tfklg cfkm"n] g}uf]/vk'/b]lv aDaO{;Dd k'¥ofPsf]df ;fljt} /x]sf],oL k'g/fj]bsx¿ k|ltjfbL / ;xcleo'Qm tf/ftfdfª aLrsf] aofgaf6 ef/tsf] d'DaO;Ddnu]sf]df tYout Ps¿ktf /x]sf], kLl8tl8ndfofnfO{ s'j]t /f]huf/Lsf] nflu k7fPsf]eÌ] s'g} z+sf/lxt / tYoo'Qm k|df0f k]z ug{

g;s]sf] ;d]taf6 lgtf eÌ] tf/f tfdfªsf];xof]u / ;fydf kLl8t l8ndfofnfO{ oLk'g/fj]bs adaxfb'/n] g} ef/tsf] gu/L aDaO{;Ddk'¥ofO{ /f]huf/Lsf] nflu s'j]t k7fOlbG5' egLlaxfg} $ ah] p7fO{ axfgf agfO{ Pp6L lgbf]{ifcjnfnfO{ em'SofO{ cGoq nu]/ laqmL u/]sf]tYo :yflkt x'g cfPsf] x'Fbf k|ltjfbLnfO{ hLpmdf:g] a]Rg] sfo{ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)$# sf] bkmf*-!_ adf]lhd !)-bz_ jif{ s}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM a;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn a}zfv ̂ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!@df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{, kmf}=k'=g+= )^%–CR–)!&&, hj/\h:tLs/0fL, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= /fd] eÌ] /fdaxfb'/rf}w/L

k|ltjfbLn] cbfntdf u/]sf] aofgdf;d]t cGo k|ltjfbLx¿n] hfx]/jfnLnfO{ s/0fLu/]sf x'g\ egL pNn]v u/]af6 hfx]/jfnL ;d]t;Fu;Fu} a;L /S;L ;]jg ug'{ / jf/bft:yn;Dd oLk|ltjfbL c¿ k|ltjfbLx¿;Fu ;fydf /x]sf] eÌ]tYo v'n]sf] 5 . oL k|ltjfbL jf/bft x'g'k"j{ /jf/bftsf ] ;dodf jf/bft:yndf cGok|ltjfbL;Fu pkl:yt /x]sf ] b ]lvP klgbfjLadf]lhd oL k|ltjfbLn] s;"/ u/]sf x'g\xf]Ogg\ eÌ]tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ hfx]/jfnLn] hfx]/LdfoL k|ltjfbLsf] gfd pNn]v u/] klg ;f] hfx]/LnfO{;dy{g x'g] u/L k|x/Ldf sfuh u/]sf] b]lvgcfPg . hfx]/jfnLn] df}sfdf u/]sf] ldlt@)^!.!.!* ut]sf] df}sfsf] sfuhdf d ldlt@)^).!@.!( ut] d ahf/af6 ;fdfg lsgL3/tkm{ cfO/x]sL lyPF . To;a]nf /fd] eÌ]/fdaxfb'/ rf}w/L, k|]d rf}w/L;d]tsf % hgf

1919191919


cfzf/fd rf}w/Lsf] xf]6ndf al;/x]sf lyP .d;Fu aRrf klg ePsf]n] aRrfnfO{ 3/df 5f]8LpQm xf]6ndf kl5 uPsL x'F . To;a]nf klgltgLx¿ ;f]xL xf]6ndf lyP . u'Ot] eÌ] uf}/Lnfnrf}w/L kl5 ToxfF cfO{ v}gL lsgL kms]{sf x'g\ .pgn] dnfO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf xf]Ogg\ .pgL dnfO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7fpFdf klguPsf xf]Ogg\ . d}n] clnslt /S;L vfPsLn]cfj]zdf pgsf] gfd klg n]vfPsL x'F . lghlgbf]{if x'g egL n]vfPsf] b]lvG5 . pQm sfuhdfoL k|ltjfbLn] klg hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] xf]egL ls6fg u9fp u/L eÌ / n]vfpg ;Sg'kg]{dfhfx]/Ldf plNnlvt JolQmdWo]sf Pshgf JolQmljz]ifn] hj/\h:tL u/]sf] xf]Og egL n]vfPsf]b]lvG5 . o;/L df}sfdf oL k|ltjfbLnfO{ u9fpu/L s;"/ u/]sf] xf] egL n]vfpg g;s]af6 oLk|ltjfbLpk/ nufPsf] cf/f]k :jo+ hfx]/jfnLn]n]vfPsf] pQm Joxf]/faf6 lj/f]wfefifo'Qm b]lvgcfof] . o:tf] lj/f]wfefifo'Qm egfO{nfO{ oLk|ltjfbLsf] lj¿4 u|fXo k|df0fsf] ¿kdf u|x0fug'{ Gofo;+ut\ gx'g] .

oL k|ltjfbL c¿ k|ltjfbLx¿ / hfx]/jfnL;Fu;Fu} a;L /S;L ;]jg ug'{, 36gf x'g glbg'kg]{df jf/bft:yndf pkl:yt eO{ jf/bft 36fpgc¿ k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] eÌ] tYo df}sfsf]sfuh, 36gf ljj/0f sfuh;d]tsf ;+slnt;a"b k|df0faf6 k'li6 x'g cfPsf] x'Fbf s;"/af6k"0f{tM ;kmfO kfpg;Sg] klg cj:yf ePg .ctM jf/bftsf] s]xL ;do cufl8 oL k|ltjfbLk|]daxfb'/ rf}w/L;Fu ;Fu} a;]sf] lyPF egL df}sfdfkqmfp k/]sf uf}/Lnfn rf}w/Lnufotn] n]vfO{lbPsf] tyf oL k|ltjfbL :jo+n] 36gf 36]sf];dodf cGoq ePsf] eÌ] tYo k'li6 ug{ ;s]sf]gb]lvFbf Pj+ kLl8tpk/ hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf]

jf/bft x'Fb}5 eÌ] k"j{ hfgsf/L x'Fbfx'Fb} /fltsf];dodf c¿ k|ltjfbL;Fu ;fy nfuL uO{ jf/bft36fpFg d2t k'¥ofPsf] tYo k'li6 x'g cfPsf]x'Fbf oL k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL /fd] eÌ] /fdaxfb'/rf}w/LnfO{ d'n'sL P]g, hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] $ g+=sf] s;"/df Ps jif{ 5 dlxgf s}b ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs @! ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!#df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{, kmf}=k'=g+= )^%–CR–)&@), e|i6frf/, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= lji0f' sf]O/fnf

klxnf] k6s ldlt @)%&.!@.!& df k|]liftph"/L @)%*.!.# df cfof]udf btf{ ePsf] / ;f];dodf e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sfod/x]sf] eP klg d'2f btf{ x'Fbf e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fP]g, @)%( nfu" e} sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 .h;df o:tf k|sf/sf e|i6frf/ d'2fdfslxn];Dddf d'2f bfo/ ul/;Sg' kg]{ xf] egLxbDofb ls6fg u/L tf]s]sf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .;fy} oL k|ltjfbLsf lj¿4 ldlt @)^!.#.! /ldlt @)^#.@.!% df klg cyf{t\ kl5Nnf] P]g,nfu" e};s]kl5 ;f]xL ljifodf k'gM ph"/L k/]sf]/ cfof]udf btf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ;d]tkl5Nnf] P]g g} cfslif{t gx'g] eÌ ;lsg] b]lvgcfpFb}g . o;/L oL k|ltjfbLpk/ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fP]g, @)%( nfu" ePkZrft\ k/]sf ph"/Lsfcfwf/df ldlt @)^@.*.@( df cgGts'df/uh'/]nnfO{ cg';Gwfg clws[t tf]sL cg';Gwfgcl3 a9fPsf] ;d]t b]lvG5 . o;af6 ;d]tklxnf] P]g cyf{t\ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!&df tf]lsPsf] xbDofb;DaGwL Joj:yf cfslif{tx'g] eÌ gldNg] .

2020202020


k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL k|dLnf /fO{ ->]i7_lj¿4 g]kfn ;/sf/ ePsf] e|i6frf/ d'2fdf-g]sfk @)^*, lg=g+= *^(&, k[i7 !^&%_tTsfnLg e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& vf/]heO{ ldlt @)%(.#.% df k|rlnt e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fP]g, @)%( nfu" e};s]kl5 klg ;f]eGbf cufj}sf]36gfsf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg, cleof]hg / Gofolg/f]k0f;d]t ;f]xL ;dodf k|rlnt sfg"g;d]sf]clwgdf /xL ug'{kg]{ ;d]t egL o; cbfntaf6;f] cl3 k|ltkflbt l;4fGtnfO{ ¿lnË ;d]tul/Psf] kfOG5 . o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbtpQm ghL/ l;4fGt k|:t't d'2fdf cfslif{t x'g] g}b]lvg cfof] . o;y{ xbDofbleq cbfntdf d'2fbfo/ gePsf] eÌ] cfwf/df z'¿ ljz]if cbfntn]k|:t't d'2f vf/]h x'g] egL u/]sf] lg0f{o sfg"gtMldn]sf] b]lvg gcfpg] .

k|ltjfbL lji0f' sf]O/fnfn] aofg ubf{lghn] cfkm" sfo{/t\ kbdf a9'jf x'g bfjLul/Psf] gSsnL z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqcfkm"n] k]z g} gu/]sf], cfˆgf] sfof{nodf /x]sf]JolQmut kmfondf bfjL ul/Psf] k|df0fkq;dfj]z gePsf] / To:tf] k|df0fkq g} cfkm";FugePsf] egL tyf ph"/L Pj+ cleof]u kqdfbfjL ul/P em} + cs} { cd's kbsf] v'Nnfk|ltof]lutfsf nflu k]z u/]sf] kmf/fd;Fu ;+nUgePsf k|df0fkqx¿ d]/f xf]Ogg\ eÌ] lhsL/lnPsf] b]lvFbf ph"/L Pj+ cleof]u kqdf bfjLul/Psf] gSsnL elgPsf] k|df0fkq oL k|ltjfbLsfo{/t\ kb;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmut kmfOn /j}olQms ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z 5, 5}g pQmk|df0fkqsf] cl:tTj sfod /x]sf] 5 5}g, lghn]cfkm" sfo{/t\ kbdf a9'jf h:tf s'g} kmfObflng k]z u/]sf] 5 5}g h:tf tYout ljifodfk|j]z u/L lgisif{df k'uL oL k|ltjfbLpk/ cf/f]k

kqdf bfjL lnPsf] e|i6frf/hGo s;"/ 7x/x'g] gx'g] ;DaGwdf tYodf k|j]z u/L lg0f{oug'{ egL z'¿df lkmtf{ x'g'kg]{ b]lvFbf k|:t'td'2f xbDofbsf] cfwf/df vf/]h x'g] egL z'¿ljz]if cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^^.!.$ df u/]sf]lg0f{o ab/ x'g] .

gSsnL elgPsf] k|df0fkq oL k|ltjfbLsfo{/t kb;Fu ;DalGwt lghsf] JolQmutkmfOndf / j}olQms ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z 5 5}g,pQm k|df0fkqsf] cl:tTj sfod /x]sf] 5, 5}gh:tf tYout ljifodf k|j]z u/L lgisif{df k'uLlg0f{o ug'{ egL tfl/vdf /x]sf k|ltjfbLnfO{ z'¿ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}+df pkl:yt x'g tfl/vtf]sL ldl;n ;d]t k7fO lbg] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs @) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!$df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{, kmf}=k'=g+= )^%–CR–)%!!, e|i6frf/, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= ;'/]z l;njfn

cfˆgf] lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ :jo+jfbLn] pkl:yt u/fpg g;Sg] t/ cbfntn]c=a+= !!% g+= adf]lhd a'‰g'kb{Yof] egLlhDd]jf/Laf6 klG5O{ cfˆgf] sdhf]/L n'sfpg]sfo{ jfbL kIfaf6 ePsf] k|i6 x'g] .

nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f sfg"g sfof{GjogOsfOå f / f u l7t 5fgaLg ; ld ltdf¿=@%,))).– cfkm"n] lnPsf] / ¿=@%,))).–/fd jfUn] eÌ] JolQmnfO{ lbPsf] egL s;"/:jLsf/ u/]sf] s'/f jfbL kIfn] cf/f]kkqdflhsL/ lnPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ tL /fd jfUn] eÌ]JolQm sf] x'g\ < s;/L lghsf] ;+nUgtf /xguof] To;tkm{ cg';Gwfg u/L s;"/ k|dfl0ft

2121212121


u/fpg k|oTg klg u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . o;sf;fy} nfu" cf}ifw d'2fsf k|ltjfbL /fh nfdftfdfªnfO{ pQm d'2fdf @ jif{ ^ dlxgf s}b /Ps nfv ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x/ e} sf7df8f}{lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^^.@.!^ df km};nfePsf] ;d]t b]lvG5 . oL k|ltjfbL /fh nfdftfdfªaf6 3"; lng'vfg' kg]{ sf/0f / cj:yfs] xf], s'g ds;bsf nflu 3"; vfPsf x'g\eÌ] s'/f ;d]t jfbL kIfn] :ki6 kfg{ ;s]sf]b]lvg cfPsf] 5}g . oL k|ltjfbLn] 3"; lng'vfg' kg]{ cfwf/ sf/0f gb]lvg'sf cltl/Qm3"; lnP vfPsf] tYo;d]t j:t'lgi7 tj/af6k|dfl0ft x'g gcfPsf] o:tf] l:yltdf ljz]ifcbfntaf6 k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfO lbg] u/L ePsf]km};nf cGoyf b]lvg gcfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs @! ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!%df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L sdngf/fo0fbf;, @)^&–CI–)#(%, ca08f hUuf a08ful/kfpFm, /fdnvg ofbj;d]t lj=/fdnfnclx/;d]t

oL jfbL h2' clx/nufotsf k|ltjfbLsfafa' d]3f / åfl/sfaLr ldlt @)$&.@.@& dfc+za08f e};s]sf] s'/fdf ljjfb b]lvFb}g .c+za08fsf] kf/Lt lnvt ubf{ s'g s'g hUufefua08f u/]sf] xf] . s'gs'g hUuf lghLcfh{gsf] xf] . s'gs'g hUuf s–s;sf] efudfk/]sf] xf] . s'gs'g hUuf hLpgL /flvPsf] xf] .s;sf] gfddf btf{ /x]sf] s'gs'g ls=g+= sf]hUuf xfn c+za08f gu/L ca08f jf a08f x'gafFsL /flvPsf] xf] cflb eÌ] h:tf s'/fx¿ pQma08fkqdf v'nfOg] x'G5 . t/ pQm a08fkqsf]

sfuhdf ;f] hUuf a08f ug{ afFsL /flvPsf]eÌ] s'/f sxL+ st} pNn]v ul/Psf];Dd b]lvPg .olb pQm ;DklQ a08f ug{ afFsL /flvPsf] jf/fVg'kg]{;Ddsf] s'g} sf/0f eP ;f] s'/f lnvtdfv'nfpg' kg]{ lyof] . ;f] s'/f v'nfOPsf] klgkfOb}g . c+lzof/x¿sf aLr a08f gu/L/flvPsf] ca08f hUufsf ;Gbe{df efu zflGtef]u u/]sf] lyof}+ eÌ] jfbLx¿sf] lhsL/tkm{ljrf/ ubf{ ;f] slt slt If]qkmn hUuf ca08f/flvPsf] xf] / s;s;n] sltslt If]qkmnefua08f ug{ afFsL /fvL efu zflGt ef]uu/]sf] xf] eÌ] s'/f ;f] kf/Lt lnvtdf n]lvg'kg]{lyof] . ;f] a08fkqdf pNn]v u/]sf];Dd klgb]lvPg . dfnkf]taf6 ldlt @)$&.@.@& df/=g+= *)@( df kf/Lt ePsf] lnvtdf df}sfd}pNn]v gu/]sf] s'/fnfO{ jfbLx¿n] df}lvs;xdtL ePsf] egL bfjL lnPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f]hUuf ca08f /flvPsf] xf] eÌ] s'/f b]lvg]vfnsf cGo Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 klg k'li6 x'g;s]sf] b]lvPg . o;/L c+lzof/x¿ aLrsfg"gadf]lhdsf] kf/Lt lnvt ePsf] cj:yfdflnvtn] g} k|fyldstf kfpg] / To:tf] cj:yfdfdf}lvs sygsf] s'g} ;fy{stf g/xg] x'G5 .o;sf] ;fy} jfbLx¿nfO{ ;f] hUuf ;fljsb]lvcl:tTjdf lyof] eÌ] ;DaGwdf tTsfn klghfgsf/L lyof] eÌ] s'/f jfbLx¿s} sygaf6k'li6 x'g cfpFb5 . o;/L ljjflbt hUuf 5eÌ] s'/f c+lzof/x¿sfaLrdf yfxf hfgsf/Lx'Fbfx'Fb} klg pQm hUuf kl5 a08f x'g] u/Lca08fs} ¿kdf /flvPsf] 5 eÌ] s'/f sxL+ st}v'nfOPsf] klg kfOPg . olb a08f ug'{kg]{ c¿klg hUuf afFsL /flvPsf] eP lnvt x'Fbfsfavt ;f]xL lnvtdf g} pQm Joxf]/f k|i6;FupNn]v ul/g] lyof] tyflk Psf;uf]nsf

2222222222


c+lzof/x¿ aLr lnlvt a08fkq ubf{sf avtdfg} of] of] hUuf kl5 a08f x'g] u/L ca08f/flvPsf] 5 egL :ki6 ¿kdf kf/Lt lnvtdfg} pNn]v gePsf] hUufnfO{ ca08f /fv]sf]/x]5 egL cg'dfg ug{ g;lsg] .Ohnf; clws[tM x]daxfb'/ ;]gsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} @& ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= %

!df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^& ;fnsf] )^&–CR–)@!@, ckx]ngf,?bf] ofbj;d]t lj= /~h" ofbj

afa'sf] d[To'kZrft\ lgj]bs /~h" ofbjdf ]xL sfod ePsf lghn] ljkIfL ?bf ]ofbj;d]tn] cfˆgf] df]xLsf] hUufsf] wfgafnLn'6kL6 ug]{ cfz+sf /x]sf]n] tTsfn cGtl/dcfb]z;d]tsf] dfu u/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,hgsk'/af6 ldlt @)^$.*.@ df cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L e} ljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf ;"rgf;d]t hf/Le} uPsf]df ;f] hf/L eO{ uPkl5 ldlt@)^$.*.!@ df ljkIfLxaf6 wfg afnL sf6Ls6fO{ n'6L nu]sf] x'Fbf cbfntsf] ckx]ngfdf;hfo ul/kfpFm eÌ] lnlvt hjfkm /x]sf]kfOG5 . k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bs / ljkIfLx¿aLrdf cfk;L h:tf];'s} ;DaGw eP klgcbfntdf cGtl/d cfb]zn] lgif]w u/]sf]wfgafnL ;f] cfb]zfg';f/ x'g'kg]{df ;f]sf] ljk/Lt;xdltdf lgj]bsn] leq\ofPsf] egL k|ltjfbu/]tf klg ljkIfLx¿n] afnL leq\ofPsf] s'/f:jLsf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . lgj]bsn] cfˆg} hUufsf]afnL cfkm}+n] sf6L s6fO{ leq\ofO{ ljkIfL

k'g/fj]bsx¿ pk/ lgif]wf1f / cbfntsf]ckx]ngf h:tf] s'/fx¿ lbPxf]nfg\ eÌ] ljZjf;ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf;d]t gx'Fbf pk/f]Qm cfwf/ /sf/0f;d]taf6 cbfntsf] ckx]ngfsf] s;"/u/]sf] x'Fbf ljkIfLx¿nfO{ hgxL thlahL ¿=@).–sf b/n] h/Ljfgf;d]t x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfnsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ !^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^* ;fnsf] )^*–MS-))@@, cbfntsf]ckx]ngf, gf/fo0fdl0f nfld5fg];d]t lj=hogf/fo0f dxtf];d]t

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltn]cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx¿pk/ s'g} ljifodf 5fgaLgug]{ / lgnDag;d]t ug]{ u/L l6Kk0fL k]z u/]sf];d]tsf] sfo{x¿af6 o; cbfntsf] ckx]ngfu/]sf] dfÌ ldNg] b]lvPg . /, ljkIfLx¿n] cfˆgf]lnlvt hjfkmdf cbfntsf] cfb]zsf] ;Ddfgu5f}{+ cfˆgf] sfdsf/jfxLaf6 olb cbfntsf]ckx]ngf ePsf] nfu]df Ifdfofrgf u5f}{ egLpNn]v u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdfljkIfLx¿sf] of] sfo{ jf lqmofsnfkaf6 cbfntsf]ckx]ngf eof] eÌ] s'/f lgj]bsn] b]vfpg g;s]sf]cj:yfdf ckx]ngf h:tf] ljifodf bf]ifL 7x/ug'{ Gofof]lrt\ gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfnsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs !^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^% ;fnsf] )^%–CR–)$^#, r]scgfb/, dx]Zj/nfn >]i7 lj= lji0f' dxh{g;d]t

2323232323


k|ltjfbLtkm{af6 dgfl;a ;doeGbf l9nf]u/L jfbLsf] bfjL k/]sf] eÌ] lhsL/ ePtfklgTo; ;DaGwdf x]bf{ ljlgdo clwsf/kq P]g,@)#$ sf] bkmf !)* df xbDofb zLif{sdfæljlgdo clwsf/kq ;DaGwL d'2f ;f] ug'{kg]{sf/0f k/]sf] ldltn] % jif{leq bfo/ gu/]dfnfUg] 5}gÆ eÌ] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|:t'td'2fdf ldlt @)%$.!!.@) sf] r]ssf] e'QmfgLgePkl5 ldlt @)%*.!).@% df lkm/fb k/]sf]b]lvFbf P]gn] tf]s]sf] % jif{sf] xbDofbleq} gfln;k/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] cGoyf dfÌ gldNg] .

k|ltjfbL agfOPsf Pshgf clgnnfn>]i7n] Dofbleq k|ltpQ/ glkm/fO{ gfln; lhsL/gu/L jf jfbL bfjLnfO{ g} :jLsf/ u/L a;]sf]b]lvPsf] 5 eg] csf{ k|ltjfbL lji0f' dxh{gn]k|ltpQ/ lkm/fpFbf d}n] r]s lbPsf] xf]Og eg]klg cbfntdf c=a+= &* g+= adf]lhd aofgu/fpFbf r]sdf ePsf] ;lx5fksf] ljifodf sLt]{jf hfn;fh xf] egL eÌ ;s]sf] gkfOg] .

r]s cfkm"n] ;lx5fk gu/]sf] eP Tof]lhsL/ lnO{ k'li6 u/fpg' kg]{df ;f] u/]sf]kfOFb}g . k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 km};nf ubf{ôfS6«LnfO{ cfkm"n] C0f lbPsf] ;DaGwdf s'g}k|df0f k]z x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eÌ] cfwf/ pNn]vul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ /Ltk"j{s r]s lvRg]æ8«c/Æ n] cfkm"n] s'g} /sd ltg'{ gkg]{ JolQmnfO{To;/L /sd / ldlt ;a} pNn]v u/L cfˆgf];lx5fk;d]t u/L r]s TolQs} lbPsf] /x]5egL dfÌ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . Tof] r]s lsg / s]afktdf sfl6Psf] xf] eÌ] ljifo Gofloslg/f]k0fsf] ljifo gx'g] .

h'g vftfaf6 r]s e'QmfgL x'g] u/L r]ssfl6Psf] xf] ;f] vftfdf hDdf /x]sf] lgIf]k/sdaf6 e'QmfgLsf] nflu a}+s;dIf k|:t't ePsf]

r]sdf n]lvPsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug{ k'Ug] kof{KtlgIf]k gePsf] cj:yfdf r]s lvRg] JolQmnfO{;Dks{ ug{ a}+sn] cg'/f]w ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .o:t} k|rng xfd|f] a}+lsª k|0ffnLdf klg ckgfpg]ul/Psf] / vftfdf kof{Kt /sd gePsf] cj:yfdfr]s lvRg] JolQmnfO{ ;Dks{ ug'{ egL r]ssf]e'QmfgL lng cfpg]nfO{ a}+sx¿n] cg'/f]w ug]{u/]sf] b]lvG5 / k|:t't ljjfbdf klg r]s lkmtf{ubf{ jfbLnfO{ lbOPsf] hfgsf/L kq -d]df]_ df;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] r]s lvRg]-8«c/_ ;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg' -Refer to drawer_ eÌ'sf]cy{ vftfdf kof{Kt /sd gePsf]n] a}+sn] r]slkmtf{ u/]sf] /x]5 eÌ] s'/fsf] Goflos cg'dfgug'{kg]{ .

sDkgL sfg"gL JolQm ePsf], To:tf]sfg"gL JolQmn] :jo+ uNtL gug]{ t/ ;f]sf;~rfnsx¿n] g} sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 sfo{ ug]{x'gfn] k|:t't ljjfbdf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 sfo{ug]{ JolQm g} lhDd]jf/ x'g] b]lvFbf k|:t't d'2fdfklg a}+sdf /x]sf] vftfdf /sd gePsf] cj:yfdfr]s sf6\g] sfo{ ug]{ sDkgLsf ;~rfn g} d'Vobf]ifL x'g] .

s'g} klg JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfkm"n]sf6]sf] r]ssf] e'QmfgL xf];\ eÌ] ck]Iff u/Lr]s sf6\g' kg]{df vftfdf k};f gePsf] jfdf}Hbft g} gePsf] g/fv]sf] vftfsf] r]s sf6]sf]x'Fbf o;/L r]ssf] cgfb/ x'g] u/L r]s sf6\g'x'Fb}g eÌ] ;DaGwdf g]sfk @)^& lg=g+= *#^!k[i7 ^*& ;'/]Gb|rGb| kf}8]n lj¿4 g]kfnOGe]i6d]G6 a}+s ln=;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f k/dfb]zd'2fdf æljZj;gLo cfwf/ / sf/0f geO{ hf/Lu/]sf] r]ssf] e'QmfgL /f]Ssf ug{ 5"6 lbg] xf]eg] a}+sdfkm{t\ x'g] e'QmfgL k|0ffnLdf cljZjf;k}bf eO{ ;Dk"0f{ a}+s tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf]

2424242424


;~rfngdf g} gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ ;Sg] eGg]l;4fGt k|ltkfbg e}/x]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf a}+sdfkof{Kt lgIf]k gePsf] cj:yfdf e'QmfgL x'gg;Sg] r]s sf6L k|ltjfbLx¿n] jfbLnfO{ lbPsf]s'/fdf ljjfb b]lvPg . k|:t't d'2fdf jfbLnfO{ldlt @)%$.!!.#) sf] lbg ¿=!@,#(,))).–sf] *÷@) @((^!* g+= sf] /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+safg]Zj/ zfvfsf] r]s sf6L lbg] k|ltjfbLx¿lji0f' dxh{g / clgnnfn dxh{gn] dfly pNn]vePcg';f/ cfkm}+n] cfˆg} sDkgLsf] gfdsf] r]slvrL jfbLnfO{ ;lx5fk;d]t u/L r]s lbPsf]tyf pQm a}+ssf] vftfdf /sd gePsf] sf/0fr]s ;f6\g g;s]sf] b]lvFbf r]s cgfb/ u/]sf]7x¥ofpg' kg]{df ;f] gu/L jfbL bfjL k'Ugg;Sg] 7x/ u/]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf]ldlt @)^#.(.!) sf] km};nf ldn]sf] gb]lvFbfpQm km};nf pN6L eO{ ;fFjf ¿=!@,#(,))).–/ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s, afg]Zj/ zfvfn] ldlt@)%%.#.# df n]v]sf] r]s lkmtL{ ePsf] ldltb]lve/fp x'Fbfsf] ldlt;Ddsf] n]gb]g Jojxf/sf]dxnsf] $ g+= / & g+= adf]lhd !) k|ltztsfb/n] x'g] Aofh ¿=!@,#(,))).– ;d]t hDdf¿=@$,&*,))).– jfbLn] k|ltjfbLx¿af6 el/kfpg] .

a}+sdf /x]sf] vftfdf kof{Kt lgIf]k gePsf]cj:yfdf r]s sf6L jfbLnfO{ lbPsf] s'/f lglj{jfb¿kdf :yflkt eO{ r]s cgfb/ u/]sf]n]k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ljlgdo clwsf/ P]g, @)#$sf] bkmf !)&-s_ cg';f/ hgxL ¿=!,%)).–h/Ljfgf x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfnsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs !^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^^ ;fnsf] )^^–CR–)**^, ax'ljjfx,/fdhLk|;fb pkfWofo lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|ltjfbL /fdhLk|;fbn] cfkm"n] h]7L>LdtL;Fu ;Nnfxn] ljjfx u/]sf] / lghnfO{ljjfx x'Fb}sf] cj:yfdf hfgsf/L ePsf]n] cleof]ubfjL vf/]h x'g'kb{5 eÌ] lhsL/sf ;DaGwdfx]bf{ lghn] ;NNffxn] ljjfx u/]sf] eg] klglgh ;/:jtLsf] d~h"/L ePsf] eP hfx]/L g}lbg] cj:yf kg]{ lyPg csf]{tkm{ ldlt @)^!.*.@@df oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL /fdhLk|;fbpkfWofon] csf{ k|ltjfbL /Lgf clwsf/L;Fulrtjgdf ljjfx u/]sf] s'/f lgh hfx]/jfnLnfO{pxL a]nfdf yfxf lyof] eÌ] lhsL/ lnP klgTo;sf] j:t'lgi7 cfwf/ b]vfpg ;s]sf] kfOFb}g .hfx]/jfnLn] cbfntdf askq ubf{;d]t ldlt@)^!.!).@( df 5f]/fsf] hGdbtf{ ug]{ a]nfdfbf];|f] ljjfx u/]sf] yfxf ePsf] xf] eÌ] Joxf]/fpNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . k'g/fj]bsn] cfkm"n] h]7L>LdtLnfO{ klg c+z;d]t lbO{ ldnfkqul//fv]sf] 5' ;Nnfxn] g} ljjfx u/]sf] eg]klg bf];|f] ljjfx ug{ kfpg] cj:yfeGbf aflx/uP/ s;"/ ul/;s]kl5 To;nfO{ pGd'lQm lbgsfg"gn] gldNg] ePsf]n] lghn] u/]sf] s;"/hGock/fwaf6 ;kmfO kfpg] cfwf/ c+z d'2fsf]ldnfkq x'g g;Sg] .

lhNnf cbfnntaf6 km};nf eO;s]kl5k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf ;f] z'¿sf] km };nfljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf hfx]/Lsf] ljk/Lthfx]/jfnLaf6 k/]sf] lgj]bg s'g} klg d"Nosf]k|df0f xf]Og . cbfntdf s]jn k|df0fsf] dxTjx'G5, l;kmfl/zsf] xf]Og k|df0f klg ljlw;Ddt\k|lqmofaf6 ldl;ndf k|j]z u/]sf] ePdf dfq

2525252525


cbfntn] To;df Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .To;df klg k|:t't ;/sf/ jfbL d'2fdfhfx]/jfnLsf] x}l;ot ;/sf/L ujfxsf] eGbfa9L s]xL x'Fb}g . o:tf] l:yltdf k'g/fj]bgcbfntdf ;/sf/L ujfxsf] k|lts"n cleJolQmn]s'g} k|fdfl0fs x}l;ot /fVg ;Sb}g . o:tfl;kmfl/zL sygn] Goflos k|of]hgsf nflus'g} klg dxŒj x}l;ot /fVg g;Sg] .

k 'g/fj ]bs k| ltjfbL /fdhLk |;fbpkfWofon] 3/df h]7L >LdtL x'Fbfx'Fb} csf{ k|ltjfbL/Lgf clwsf/LnfO{ bf];|f] ljjfx u/]sf] b]lvFbf lghk|ltjfbL /fdhLk|;fb pkfWofonfO{ laxfaf/Lsf]!) g+= n] Ps jif{ s}b / ¿=!%,))).– -kGw|xhf/_ h/Ljfgf x'g] tyf csf{ k|ltjfbL /Lgfclwsf/L pkfWofon] cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfOkfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfnsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs !^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= ^

!df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk| ]tL / df=Gof=>L1fg ] Gb |axfb '/ sfsL { , )^^–WO–)!&!,pTk|]if0fnufot k/dfb]z, /fdlszf]/ ofbj lj=g]kfn ofbj;d]t

ck'tfnL xs sfod lvrf]nf d]6fO{ rngrnfO{ d'2f ldlt @)^%.@.!# df bfo/ eO{ k|lqmofcufl8 a9\g' eGbf klxnf g} d"n ¿kdf log}c+lzof/x¿ dWo]sf h]7f b'nf/] clx/sf] 5f]/f oLlgj]bs g]kfn ofbj, dflxnf cwf/] clx/sf]>LdtL kfj{tL clx/sf] :ofxf/;';f/ u/L xsvfg] elgPsf] sdnf clx/gLaLr n]gb]g d'2f

rnL ldlt @)^$.(.!& df km};nf eO{ ;f]pk/k'g/fj]bg gk/L clGtd ePkZrft\ n]gb]gsf]pQm km};nfadf]lhd lauf] el/e/fptkm{ ldlt@)^%.!.#! df lgj]bg k/L sf/jfxL rln;s]sf]b]lvG5 . cyf{t\ ck'tfnL xs sfod d'2f ldlt@)^%.@.!# df bfo/ x'g' cufj} ldlt @)^%.!.#!df g} lauf] el/e/fptkm{sf] sf/jfxL z'¿ e};s]sf]b]lvg cfof] . o;/L @)^%.!.#! df n]gb]g d'2fsf]lauf] el/e/fptkm{sf] sfdsf/jfxL z'¿ eO{ ldlt@)^^.&.@( df ;f] lauf] el/e/fpsf] sfdsf/jfxL;d]t 6'Ëf] nfuL ;s]sf] pQm n]gb]g d'2fsf] lauf]el/e/fp;DaGwL ldl;naf6 b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbfk |:t 't d '2fdf ljjfbsf ] ljifo km };nfsfof{Gjog;DaGwL /x]sf]df xfn z'¿ nufpdf/x]sf] n]gb]g d'2fdf lauf] el/e/fp;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{sfdsf/jfxL ;d]t ;dfKt e};s]sf]n] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg dfupk/ ljrf/ ul//xg' kg]{ cj:yfb]lvPg . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM j;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs !& ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk| ]tL / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, )^^–WO–)#&(, pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z, u'nhf/ /fpt lj= ljgf]bs'df/ l;+x;d]t

n]gb]g / c+z;DaGwL cnu–cnud'2fsf] h/Lofaf6 k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ljjfbsf]ljifo p7]sf] ePtfklg k|:t't ljjfbsf] d"nh/Lof /x]sf] n]gb]g d'2fsf] lauf] c;"nL;DaGwLldl;n x]bf { jfbLn] lauf]afkt b]vfPsf]k|ltjfbLsf] gfdsf] 3/ hUuf ;d]t jfbLn];sf/ ug'{sf] ;fy} k|ltjfbLn] s[lif ljsf; a}+shgsk'/af6 lnPsf] C0fafkt el/e/fpx'Fbf;Ddsf] ;fFjf Aofh ;d]t jfbLn] bflvnf

2626262626


u/]sf] eÌ] ;d]t cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ lauf]el/e/fpsf] sfo{ ;DkÌ e};s]sf] egL wg'ifflhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^&.%.@) df tfd]nLkrf{;d]t v8f e};s]sf] cj:yf o;};fy ;+nUgwg'iff lhNnf cbfntsf] lauf];DaGwL ldl;naf6b]lvFbf k|:t't d'2fsf] cf}lrTodf k|j]z ul//xgk/]g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM j;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs !& ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

§ o;} nufpsf] ldlt )^^–WO–!#%(,pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, ljgf]bs'df/ l;+xlj= u'nhf/ /fpt;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfklg o;}cg';f/ cfb]z ePsf] 5 .

#df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk| ]tL / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, )^&–WO–!@!$, pTk|]if0fo'Qmcf1f cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm, cÌk"0f{ e]lh6]jnk|f]8S6;\ k|f=ln=sf] tkm{af6 lzjrGb| kl08t lj=;'vf8L dxtf] sf]O/L;d]t

;Da4 c+lzof/x¿ aLr c+z d'2f;d]trnL c+za08fsf] v08 tyf efu tn dfly36a9 x'g;Sg] h] h:tf] l:ylt ePtf klgpQm d'2fx¿ c+lzof/x¿ aLr km};nfadf]lhdc+z efu kfpg ] xsflwsf/sf ] l;h{gfeO;s]kZrft\ klg hfgfhfg To:tf] xsclwsf/df cf3ft kg]{ u/L km};nf sfof{Gjoggx'Fbfsf] l:yltdf /fhLgfdf jf h] h:tf]tl/sfaf6 ;DalGwt kIfsf] c+z xs dg]{ u/Lxs x:tfGt/0f ul/lbPsf] l:yltdf lhNnfcbfntaf6 lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@sf] lgod &*-s_-!_ adf]lhd ;f] x:tfGt/0fnfO{ab/ ul/lbPsf] l:ylt b]lvG5 . lhNnf cbfntn]lgodfjnLsf] pQm lgod &*-s_-!_ sf] Joj:yf

x]bf{ ækm};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] s'g}d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt rn jf crn ;DklQsf] xss'g} lsl;daf6 x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ePdf d'2fsfkIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQn]gb]g ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;ft lbg] Dofb hf/L u/La'emL ;f]xL ldl;naf6 sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{;Sg]5Æ eÌ] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h;af6km};nfadf]lhd a08f 5'§\ofpg afFsL g} /x]sf];DklQsf] xs x:tfGt/0f u/L lng]lbg] JolQmsf]s'/f ;'gL ug'{kg]{ sf/jfxL ug{ / pTkÌ x'guPsf] ljjfbdf ljifo;d]t ;f]xL ldl;naf6lsgf/f nufpg;d]t ;Sg] clwsf/ lhNnfcbfntnfO{ /x]sf] b]lvFbf sfg"gadf]lhdsf] ePu/]sf] ldlt @)^^.(.& sf] sfdsf/jfxL tyfcfb ]znfO { k 'g/fj ]bg cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^&.@.@) df ePsf] cfb]zn] cGoyf u/]sf]gb]lvFbf lhNnf tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6sfg"gadf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfd s'/faf6 oLlgj]bssf] xs clwsf/df ck"/0fLo Iflt eof]egL dfÌ ;lsg] cj:yf gx'Fbf k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM j;GthË yfkfsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs !& ut] /f]h ̂ z'ed\ .

Psn Ohnf;

!df=Gof= >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx, @)^(-WH-

))#%, aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, s[i0f uf]tfd]sf] xsdfeujtL uf]tfd] lj= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no,eQmk'/;d]t

k"j{ cfb]zadf]lhd lemsfOPsf] ;=kmf}=g++=@&÷&^ sf] s[i0fxl/ afb]sf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/

2727272727


k|ltjfbL s[i0f uf}td;d]t ePsf] hj/\h{:tL s/0fLd'2fsf] ;Ssn ldl;n x]bf{ lhNnf sf7df8f}+nK;Lkm]bL uf=lj=;=j8f g+ + ! a:g] s[i0fuf}td;d]tn] hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] egL hfx]/Lb/vf:t k/]sf]df lgh s[i0f uf}tdn] cfkm"n]kLl8t nIdLs]z/L jfb]nfO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf]ck/fwhGo sfo{ u/]sf] egL k|x/Ldf aofg sfuhu/L cbfntdf ;d]t s/0fL u/]sf]df :jLsf/u/L ;f] s/0fL nIdLs]z/Lsf] ;xdltdf u/]sf]xf] egL aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lghn] afa'sf] gfdafns[i0f uf}td d]/f] gfd s[i0f uf}td xf] egLpQm d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg txsLsft x'Fbf / cbfntdfaofg ubf{ ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] pQm d'2fdflghn] u/]sf] aofgaf6 b]lvG5 . ;fy} lghn]k|x/L tyf cbfntdf aofg ubf{ ;d]t cfkm"cf/f]lkt s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQm s[i0fuf}td geO{ cGo s[i0f uf]tfd] ePsf] egL :jo+n]eGg / cGoyf lhsL/ lng ;s]sf] kfO{b}g . xfnsf/fuf/df s}b ;hfo ef]lu/x]sf] lgh s[i0fuf}td :jo+n] cfkm" cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQm geO{cGo lgbf]{if JolQm /x]sf] egL lgj]bg lbg jfsf/jfxL rnfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . cbfntaf6s;"/bf/ 7x/L clGtd km};nf ePsf] nueu %jif{kl5 lghsf] cfdfsf] k|:t't l/6 k/]sf]af6lgh lgbf]{if ePsf] jf cGo s[i0f uf}tdsf] ;§fs}bdf /x]sf] egL dfGg ;lsg] ts{;+ut\ cfwf/gb]lvg] .

aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z u}/sfg"gLy'gfdf /x]sf] b]lvPdf To;/L y'lgPsf] JolQmnfO{y'gf d'Qm ug{ cbfntaf6 hf/L x'g] cfb]z xf] .k|:t't d'2fdf oL lgj]bs s[i0f uf}td d'2fsf]/f]xdf ;Ifd cbfntsf] km};nfcg';f/ s}bdf/x]sf] x' Fbf To:tf] y'gfnfO{ u}/sfg"gL jfclwsf/ljxLg y'gf eGg ldn]g . cfkm"pk/

nufOPsf] cleof]udf k'g/fj]bg txsf] cbfnt;d]taf6 km};nf eO{ ;f] km};nfadf]lhd ePsf];hfonfO{ :jLsf/ u/L s}bdf a;]sf] JolQm s[i0fuf}tdnfO{ lghsL cfdfsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] /f]xdf;f] km};nfadf]lhdsf s;"/bf/ oL lgj]bs geO{cs}{ s[i0f uf}td /x]5g\ egL cg'dfgsf] e/dfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yfk|yd b[li6df g} gb]lvFbf k|ToyL{x¿af6 lnlvthjfkm dufO{ /xg k/]g . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/ M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; @# ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx, @)^(-WO-

)&!), pTk]|if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, wgaxfb'/ lj=s=lj = k |w fgdGq L tyf d l Gqk l / i fb \s f ]sfof{no;d]t

k|x/L ljz]if cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf;b/ ug]{ u/L u[xdGqLaf6 ldlt @)^*÷!@÷!%ut] lg0f{o ePsf]df ;f] lg0f{o;d]t :jR5;'g'jfOsf] l;4fGt ljk/Lt Pj+ u}/sfg"gL tj/af6ePsf]n] pQm lg0f{o ab/ ul/kfpFm egL sl/a gf}dlxgfkl5 ldlt @)^(÷(÷@@ df dfq k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg k/]sf] 5 .

cfkm"nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L ePsf] lg0f{opk/cGo j}slNks pkrf/ gePsf] jf eP klgckof{Kt jf k|efjsf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf]lg0f {odf lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] lg0f {osf]j}wflgstfdfly k|Zg p7fO l/6 lgj]bg btf{ ug{;Sg] ;+j}wflgs ;'lglZrttf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ n] u/]sf] kfOG5 .oL lgj]bsn] k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt ;d]taf6ePsf] km};nf Pj+ lg0f{oaf6 ;+ljwfg k|bQ k]zf/f]huf/;DaGwL xsdf c;/ k/]sf] eGb} pQm

2828282828


km};nf Pj+ lg0f{o ab/ u/L kfpg dfu u/Lg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg btf{ u/]sf]b]lvG5 . s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] u/]sf]lg0f{oaf6 dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] cfkm"nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf]sfg"g;+ut\ sf/0f eP ;f] pNn]v u/L dgfl;a;doleq g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !)& -@_ adf]lhd cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bglbO;Sg' k5{ . lagf sf/0f l9nf ug{ x'Gg .ljnDan] ;dGofonfO{ k/f:t ub{5 eGg] Gofosf]dfGo l;4fGtcg';f/ klg dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn]cbfntdf k|j]z ug{ dgfl;a sf/0f lagf l9nfug{ x'Gg, ;dodf g} cbfntdf k|j]z ug'{k5{ .t/ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bsn] cfkm"nfO{ ;ft jif{ s}b;hfo x'g] u/L clGtd km};nf ePsf] ( -gf}_dlxgfkl5 dfq lanDa u/L l/6 lgj]bg btf{ ug{NofPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ o;/L lanDa u/L l/6 btf{ug{ Nofpg' k/]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{, j:t'lgi7 Pj+dgfl;j cfwf/ / sf/0f k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfpNn]v ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf k|yd b[li6df g}lanDasf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g] x'Fbf ljkIfLx¿af6lnlvt hjfkm dufO/xg k/]g . l/6 vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M sNkgf atf}{nfOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; @# ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

y'g5]s cfb]z

df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnfsfsL{, )^(–RE–!&, nfu" cf}ifw, g]kfn ;/sf/lj=nfn] ;fx eGg] lgn]Gb|s'df/ s0f{

k'k{If lgldQ y'gfdf /x]sf /fhs'df//fO{n] cbfnt / cg';Gwfg clwsf/L;dIf jofgubf{ ;d]t j/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifwo'Qm

;fdfgx¿ k|ltjfbL nfn] ;fx eGg] lgn]Gb|s'df/s0f{sf] k;naf6 NofPsf] / k|fKt u/]sf] egLjofg u/]sf] b]lvPsf], b;Lsf] ;fdfg a/fdbePsf]df ljjfb gePsf] / nfn] ;fx eGg]lgn]Gb|s'df/ s0f{ xf] egL lghsf] >LdtL ;l/tfs0f{n] @)^*.*.!! sf] vfgtnf;L d'r'Nsfdf/f]xj/ j;L ;xL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] ;d]tsfcj:yfdf kl5 7x/]adf]lhd x'g] u/L k'k{IflglDt y'gfdf /fvL sf/jfxL ug' {kg ] {dfk|ltjfbLaf6 w/f}6 dfu u/L tfl/vdf /fVg]egL l;Gw'nL lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^(.!.*df / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/af6 ldlt@)^(.^.!! df ePsf] cfb]z ldn]sf] gb]lvPsf]n]pQm cfb]z ab/ u/L lbPsf] 5 . cj kl57x/]adf]lhd x'g] u/L lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ d'n'sLP]g cbfntL jGbf]j:tsf] dxnsf] !!* sf]b]xfo @ adf]lhd k'k{Ifsf lglDt y'gfdf /fvLsfg"gadf]lhd ug"{ .Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; @# ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

cGtl/d cfb]z

!=;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|wfg GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fbzdf{, l/6 g+=)^(–WS–))^@, pTk|]if0f ;d]t,s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL ln= sd{rf/L ;+3 s]Gb|Lo;ldltsf tkm{af6 clVtof/k|fKt cWoIf ;'zLnbQld> lj= dlGqkl/ifb \ , k |wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8df sfo{/t\sd{rf/L sfo{sf/L k|d'vdf lgo'Qm ePdf ;+:yfgdflghsf] kbflwsf/ g/xg] eGg] kbk"lt{;DaGwLldlt @)%(.!@.^ sf] ;"rgfsf] qmd ;+Vof & dfpNn]v ePsf] Joxf]/f;Dd tTsfn sfof{Gjog

2929292929


gug"{ gu/fpg" egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf cGtl/dcfb]z hf/L x'g] .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\@=

;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|wfg GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fbzdf{, l/6 g+=)^(–WS–!)&!, pTk|]if0f ;d]t,clwjQmf jf}ws[i0f eut lj=k'g/fj]bg cbfnt/fhlj/fh ;d]t

lgj]bssf] c;xdlt /x]sf] hUufx¿sf;DaGwdf ;d]t ;xdlt /x]sf] egL k'g/fj]bgcbfnt /fhlj/fhaf6 cfb]z ePsf] b]lvPsf]n]lgj]bssf] c;xdlt /x]sf] xb;Dd ;Kt/L lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!@.!& sf] d'r'Nsf k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'Ëf] gnfu];Dd sfof{Gjoggug"{ gu/fpg" egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf cGtl/dcfb]z hf/L x'g] .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\#=

;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|wfg GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fbzdf{, l/6 g+=)^(–WS–!)&^, pTk|]if0f ;d]t,xl/z/0f vqL ;d]t lj=clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfo]fu ;d]t

lgj]bsx¿n] ldlt @)#*.$.@@ dfu/fPsf] ljjflbt hUufsf] gfd;f/L btf{ ab/u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf sfod ug{ n]vLk7fpg] egL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]uaf6 ldlt @)^(.!!.@$ df ePsf] lg0f{ok|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'Ëf] gnfu];Ddsfof{Gjog gug"{ gu/fpg" egL ljkIfLx¿sfgfddf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L x'g] .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\

$=df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, )^(–wo–))^!,k/dfb]z ;d]t, Crf pk|]tL lj=dlGqkl/ifb\,k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL,@)%^ sf] lgod @!#s sf] pklgod -!_ df;+zf]wg u/L lgod @^(u yk ul/Psf] Joj:yf:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% tyf cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-#_-r_ ;Fu aflemPsf]eGg] l/6 lgj]bg ePsf] b]lvPsf] / ;f] ;+zf]lwtlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf P]hg lgodfjnLsf] lgod!-@_ adf]lhd t'?Gt k|fDe x'g] Joj:yf ePsf]b]lvFbf ;f] adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ul/Psf] l/6lgj]bgsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt x'g] ePsf]n] ;'ljwf;Gt'ngsf] lx;fjn] kbk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{ gug'{gu/fpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf cGtl/dcfb]z hf/L x'g] .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed%

df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{, )^(–wo–!)$$,pTk|]if0f ;d]t, ;f]dGt/fh l3ld/] lj=;fdfGok|zf;g dGqfno ;d]t

lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) sf]ldlt @)^*.!@.# df ePsf] bzf}}F ;+zf]wgsf] lgod#^ sf] pklgod -!_-v_ adf]lhd dGqfno:t/sf]s]Gb|Lo lgsfo jf ljefun] k|To]s jif{sf] ebf}dlxgfdf ;?jf ug'{kg]{df ;f] ;dodf ;?jf gu/Le"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf] ldlt@)^(.!@.* sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ldlt @)^(.!@.* sf]kqaf6 lgj]bsnfO{ ;?jf u/]sf] b]lvof] .lgodfjnLn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] ;doeGbf jflx/ uO{;?jf u/]sf] b]lvPsf] / pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod#^-!-v_ adf]lhd ;?jf ug]{ ;dodf oL lgj]bssf];?jf x'g ;Sg] g} x'Fbf xfnnfO{ ;'ljwf / ;Gt'ngsf]

3030303030


lx;fjn] ldlt @)^(.!@.* sf] lg0f{o / ;f]xLldltsf] ;?jf kq sfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L x'g] .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed

/Lt ÷ j]/Lt

!=;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|wfg GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fbzdf{, lg=g+=)^(–AP–)#$!, lgif]wf1f, dx]zaxfb'/l;Fx lj=hgk|xf/ ;fKtflxs ;d]t

lgif ]wf1f d '2fdf b 'j } kIf; Fusf ]5nkmnaf6 cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L gug]{ u/Lk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 ldlt @)^(.!!.@*df ePsf] cfb]z j]/Ltsf] gb]lvPsf], lgj]bsnfO{c;/ kg]{ u/L ljkIfLx¿af6 yk ;dfrf/ k|sfzgePsf] eGg] klg gb]lvPsf] / To:tf] cj:yf

"dddddddd]]]]]] ]]nnnnnnnnllllllllddddddddnnnnnnnnffffffffkkkkkkkk uuuuuuuu////////ffffffff }}}}}} }} ++ ++++ ++ ,,,,,,,, lllllllljjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjffffffffbbbbbbbb ggggggggaaaaaaaa99999999ffffffffccccccccffffffff }} }}}} }} ++ ++++ ++"

–– ;;jjff]] {{RRrr ccbbffnntt,,,,,,,, dd]]nnllddnnffkk ;;llddlltt

cfPdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg lgif]wf1fsf]lgj]bgaf6} pkrf/ kfpg;Sg] .Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\

@=;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|wfg GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fbzdf{, lg=g+=)^(–AP–)#$&, gftf sfod ;d]t,ddtfs'df/L rf}w/L lj= k|]dsfGt rf}w/L

lkt[Tj osLg ug{ DNA k/LIf0f u/fO{kfpFmegL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] lnPsf] lhsL/tkm{s]xL gaf]nL ePsf] z'?sf] km};nf km/s kg{ ;Sg]b]lvPsf] egL d'n'sL P]g c=j+= @)@ g+= adf]lhdk|ToyL{ lemsfpg] tyf k|ToyL{ jfbL xfhL/ ePkl5DNA k/LIf0fsf nflu k7fpg] u/L k'g/fj]bgcbfnt /fhlj/fhaf6 ldlt @)^(.(.@% df ePsf]cfb]z j]/Ltsf] gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf s}lkmot k|ltj]bgdfuL /xg' kg]{ cj:yf gb]lvg] .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\\