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ENTREPRENEURSHIPThe New Encyclopedia Britannica considers an

entrepreneur as ³an individual who bears the risk of

operating a business in the face of uncertainty about the

future conditions.



According to Drucker, three conditions have to be fulfilled:

1) Innovation at work. It requires knowledge and ingenuity. It

makes great demand on diligence, persistence and commitment.

2) To succeed, innovation must build on their strengths.

3) Innovation always has to be close to the market focused on the

market, indeed market-driven



BASICS OF AN ENTREPRENEUR

INNOVATION

RISK

ENTERPRISE

URGE

SKILL

VISION

MANAGEMENT

ORGANISATION

GROWTH



BARRIERS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP

1) Lack of a viable concept

2) Lack of market knowledge

3) Lack of technical skills

4) Lack of seed capital

5) Lack of business knowhow

6) Lack of motivation

7) Social stigma

8) Time pressure and distractions

9) Legal constraints and regulations

10)Monopoly and protectionism

11) Inhibitions due to patents



ENTREPRENEURSHIP

According to Peter Drucker, ³Entrepreneurship is

neither a science nor an art. It is a practice. It has a

knowledge base. Knowledge in entrepreneurship is a

means to an end. Indeed, what constitutes knowledge in

practice is largely defined by the ends, that is, by the

practice.´



ACCEPTING

CHALLENGES

ORGANISATION

SKILFUL

MANAGEMENT

MAKING THE

ENTERPRISE

A SUCCESS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

DECISTION-

MAKING

RISK-TAKING

INNOVATION

Characteristics Of Entrepreneurship



ENTREPRENEUR V/S ENTREPRENEURSHIP

1)Refers ToA Person Refers ToA Process

2)V

isualiser V

ision3)Creator Creation

4)Organizer Organization

5) Innovator Innovation

6)Technician Technology

7) Initiator Initiative

8)Decision-maker Decision

9)Planner Planning

10)Leader Leadership



TYPES OF ENTREPRENEUR

I. According to the type of business

1)Business entrepreneur

2)Trading entrepreneur

3) Industrial entrepreneur

4)Corporate entrepreneur

5)Agricultural entrepreneur

II.According to the use of technology

1) Technical entrepreneur

2) Non-technical entrepreneur

3) Professional entrepreneur





V.According to the stages of development

1) First-generation entrepreneur

2) Modern entrepreneur

3) Classical entrepreneur

VI.According to the area1) Rural entrepreneur

2) Urban entrepreneur

VII.According to the gender

1) Men entrepreneur

2) Women entrepreneur



VIII.According to the sale of operation

1) Small scale entrepreneur

2) Large scale entrepreneur

IX.Other or unclassified

1) National entrepreneur

2) International entrepreneur

3) Bureaucratic entrepreneur





Intrapreneurs are dreamers who do, those who take

hands-on responsibility for creating innovation of any

kind within an organization. Gifford Pinchot

The intrapreneur is an essential ingredient in every

innovation. Dr. William Souder

Defined as



INTRAPRENEURS CHARACTERISTICS

1)Self motivated2)Self-confident and courageous

3)Freedom

4)Education

5)Systems

6)Focus on customers

7)Patient and willing to compromise

8)Open to discussion and idea

9)motivator



CLASSIFICATION OF INTRAPRENEURS

1) Innovating Intrapreneurs

2)Marketing Intrapreneurs

3)Technical Intrapreneurs

4)Manufacturing Intrapreneurs

5)Financial Intrapreneurs

6)Service Intrapreneurs and7)Other Intrapreneurs in various facet of

management activities



W

OMEN ENTREPRENEURS According to Government of India, ³ a women

entrepreneur is defined as ³an enterprise owned and

controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest

of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51 % of the

employment generated in the enterprise of women´.



FUNCTIONS OF W OMEN ENTREPRENEUR

1)Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business

enterprise

2)Undertaking of risks and the handling of economic

uncertainties involved in business

3)Introduction of innovations or imitation of innovations

4)Coordination, administration and control5)Supervision and leadership



PROBLEMS OF W OMEN ENTREPRENEURS

1)Problem of Finance2)Scarcity of Raw Material

3)Stiff Competition

4)Limited Mobility

5)Family Ties

6)Lack of Education

7)Male-dominated Society

8)Low Risk-bearingA bility



STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF

W OMEN ENTREPRENEURS 1) Education &Awareness

2) Better Time Management

3) Set-up Home-based Business

4) Efficient Use of Information Technology

5) Training Facility

6) Finance Cells7) Dispense Collateral Security

8) Organize Workshops & Seminars



SPECIAL SCHEME FOR W OMEN ENTREPRENEURS

1)Seed Capital Scheme

2)National Equity Fund

3)Women Industrial Fund Scheme

4)Single Window Scheme

5)Training & Extension Services

6)Scheme For RefinanceAssistance To Women

Entrepreneurs

7)MAHILAARTHIK VIK AS MAHAMA NDAL (MAVIM)

8)SELF-EMPLOYED WOMENASSOCIATION (SEWA)



THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

1)A

n Economic Theory- Mark Casson2)Leibenstein¶s X-efficiency Theory

3)Dynamic Entrepreneurship Innovation Theory-

Schumpeter

4)Harvard School Theory

5)Theory Of HighAchievement - McClelland

6)Theory Of Change- Young¶s Theory

7)Theory Of Profit- Knight



8)Theory Of Adjustment Of Price-Kirzner

9)Theory Of Market-Hayek¶s

10)Theory Of Social Change-Hagen¶s

11)Theory Of Entrepreneurial Supply-John Kunkal

12)Theory Of Personal Resourcefulness

13)Theory Of CulturalValues-Thomas Cochran¶s



Contribution of McClelland and Joseph Schumpeter

David McClelland

According to McClelland, ³An entrepreneur is some one who

exercises some control over the means of production and produces

more than what he can consume inorder to sell in for individual

income´.

David McClelland is most noted for describing three types of

motivational need, which he identified

1) Need for Affiliation (n-affil)

2) Need for Power(n-pow)

3) Need for Achievement(n-ach)

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