Hier wird Wissen Wirklichkeit Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 1 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting Part 1 Introduction Computer

Hier wird Wissen Wirklichkeit Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 1 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting

Part 1

Introduction

Computer Architecture

Slide Sets

WS 2012/2013

Prof. Dr. Uwe BrinkschulteM.Sc. Benjamin Betting

Hier wird Wissen Wirklichkeit

M. Sc. Benjamin Betting, room 212

Chair for Embedded Systems

[email protected]

Robert-Mayer-Straße 11-15

Secretary: Linda Stapleton, room 211a

[email protected]

Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 2 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting


Lecture Canon

Hardware-Architektur & Rechnersysteme SS

Computer Architecture WS

Rechnertechnologie SS

Eingebettete Systeme WS

Ausgewählte Themen bei Eingebetteten Systemen - Organic Computing SS/WS

Praktikum Grundlagen Hardwaresysteme WS/SS

Praktikum Mikrocontroller & Eingebettete Systeme WS

Seminar Robuste Systemarchitekturen – Organic Computing SS



Research Area:

Hard- and Software for Embedded SystemsHard- and Software for Embedded Systems

Especially:

• Microcontroller & Microprocessors• Embedded Real-time Systems• Distributed Embedded Systems• Real-time Middleware• Organic Computing• Self-Organization and Real-time• Dependable Embedded Systems



Some Projects

Middlewarekern OSA+

Anwen-dungs-dienst

Anwen-dungs-dienst

…

Basis-dienste

Erwei-terungs-dienste

Body / Emotions

Sinus Node

Myocardial Cell

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Low

Pow

er –

Fai

l Saf

e –

Rea

l Tim

e Mod. 1 Mod. 2

Learning/ Adaptation

?

Algo- rithm

?

?

Organic Manager

Control Loop

Environment / Task

Bra

in L

evel

O

rgan

Lev

el

Cel

l Lev

el PC

Processing Cells

PC PC

PC PC PC

PC

Atrioventricular Node

Control Loop

KomodoCAR-SoC CARISMA

DODOrg

OSA+REMIS

MixedCoreSoC



Computer Architecture3 L + 1 E

Lecture:Time and place: Wednesday, 12:15 - 14:45, break at 13:30 - 13:45, SR 11, RM 11-15

Exercise: Time and place: Thursday, 12:00 - 13:00, SR 307, RM 11-15 will be announced in lecture

Courses:Bachelor, Diplom, Bioinformatik, L3, (CSC Master auslaufend)

ECTS-Credits: 6

Language: German/English



People / Office Hours

Lecture

M.Sc. Benjamin Betting

Institut für Informatik

Eingebettete Systeme

Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15

60325 Frankfurt

Room 210

Phone 069/[email protected]

Office Hour: on appointment

Exercise

M.Sc. Benjamin Betting

Institut für Informatik

Eingebettete Systeme

Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15

60325 Frankfurt

Room 212

Phone 069/[email protected]

Office Hour: We. 11:00-12:00 and on

appointment



Slides available at:

http://www.es.cs.uni-frankfurt.de




Literature:

• David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy: Computer Organization and Design – The Hardware/Software Interface, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

• Jurij Silc, Borut Robic, Theo Ungerer: Processor Architecture, Springer Verlag

• Uwe Brinkschulte, Theo Ungerer: Mikrocontroller & Mikroprcessoren, Springer Verlag (German)




Content:

Fundamentals01. Introduction 02. Microprocessor Development03. Fundamentals in Computer Architecture 04. Fundamentals in Computer Technology05. Fundamentals in Computer Design06. Fundamentals in Performance Evaluation




Content (cont.):

Current Microprocessor-Architectures07. Instruction Set Architecture 08. Instruction Level Parallelism - Pipelining09. Instruction Level Parallelism - Concurrency10. Thread and Task Level Parallelism

Memory-Systems11. Memory Management 12. Memory Hierarchy and Caches



Architecture …

„The types of architecture are established not by architects but by society, according to the needs of the differentinstitutions. Society sets the goals and assigns to the architect the job of finding the means of achieving them.“

(Encyclopaedia Britannica)



Architecture in general follows one or more different goals (functionalities).

These functionalities can be specified by types

Architecture (construction)

Example:

• architecture type 1 (private goals):

{home building, factory, ...}

• architecture type 2 (public goals):

{sports arena, hospital, railway station, airport, ...}

.

.

.

Architecture (construction)vs. Computer architecture




computer architecture type 1:{universal computer}

computer architecture type 2:{special computer}

computer architecture type special computer:{signal processing computer, simulation computer, graphics computer, …}

summary:The increasing importance of embedded and networked systems in future will create further types in computer architecture concerning their functionality.




Note:The term “architecture” is also frequently used in other context as e.g.:

• system architecture• software architecture• chip architecture




Beside the most important functional

concept of the architecture, several

nonfunctional constraints has to be

considered for the design.

Some of these nonfunctional

constraints are:

• speed

• performance

• security

• safety

• scalability

• power awareness etc.

The design process of computer

architectures is controlled and

directed by these nonfunctional

constraints.

Nonfunctional constraints



Parallel Computing

Superscalar

VLIW

Multi-threaded

SMP

Multi-core FPGA

Microgrid

Parallel embedded system (MPSoC)

Cluster of workstations

Grid computing

Public resource computing

network

Multi-Processing

High Performance Computing

Instruction-level Parallelism



Topics

© C. Müller-Schloer 2003

The Information Technology (IT) is

based more and more on

completely networked systems, so

called

ubiquitous computing systems

with

• adaptive, flexible and biologically

inspired cooperative system

behavior

• a comfortable user interface

Systems with these features are called

„Organic“

which refers to the biological inspiration.



Computing Trends

SizeNumber

1 computermany people

1 computermany people

1 computerper person

1 computerper person

many computersper person


© C. Müller-Schloer 2003



Scenarios First of all:

Many computers per person means

There is great potential for parallel processing!

But:

Highly heterogeneous devices

No stable networks, very dynamic

Spontaneous entry and exit of devices

Therefore:

Very different from classical parallel computing!

Consider the following scenarios for innovative application of parallel computing:



© Hartmut Schmeck



Smart house

Intelligent control of house functions

Knows what you need when you get home

Smart car

Adapts to different drivers, road conditions

Gives advice on currently best routes

Communicates with other cars on special events

Integrates your personal devices into its network

Smart factory

Intelligent control of production (federations of robots,…)

Integrates supply chain management

Reacts to unexpected disturbances

Maintains predetermined quality levels



Scenarios

© Hartmut Schmeck



Smart office Takes care of your time-table, projects, events,… Provides all the office resources you need Takes care of travel arrangements …

Smart shop / smart warehouse

Monitors current supply levels and takes appropriate actions Knows your shopping preferences Observes your shopping habits …

Smart clothes / Wearable devices

Check your “personal parameters” Adapt their properties / behaviour to current personal data Give proactive advice on fitness / wellness actions Enabling technology for e-health / e-care …



Scenarios

© Hartmut Schmeck



Emergence

Emergent creation of a snow flake

Emergence in perception



Emergence

Local actions/behaviour of the members of a self-organizing system

may lead to observable, emergent global patterns, structure, or

behaviour.

This global behaviour is of a different kind than the behaviour of its

components (in particular, not a linear combination of the individual

actions).

The removal of (single) components does not lead to a failure of the

global functions of the system.

The global behaviour is completely new compared to that of the

existing components, i.e. the emergent behaviour seems to be

unpredictable and not deducible from the individual components of the

system, and it cannot be reduced on these.

(cf: Emergence, a Journal of Complexity Issues in Organisation and Management)Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 24 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting


Vision

Organic computer systemsare biological or life inspired

Organic computer systems consist of autonomous system parts (autonomous agents)

and behave selforganizing.

self organisation means: self-configuring self optimizing self healing

© Hartmut Schmeck

They are called in general self-X features



Organic Computing

It is not the question,

whether adaptive and self-organising systems

will emerge,

but how they will be designed

© Hartmut Schmeck



High performance computing

Beside modern trends as e.g. embedded systems, ubiquitous computing, organic computing, pervasive systems etc. exists still classical parallel computing for high performance application

- Parallel High performance computing (vector machines)

- Computer cluster

- Grid computing systems

- Public resource computing (Internet)

- Multi processor systems (SMP) (Multi and many core processors)

High performance computing


Documents

Hier wird Wissen Wirklichkeit Computer Architecture – Part 1 – page 1 of 27 – Prof. Dr. Uwe Brinkschulte, M.Sc. Benjamin Betting Part 1 Introduction Computer