(Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 2) · PDF file(Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 2) ... MEMS/bulk, surface, ... Analog I/O, DSP, Control COTS CMOS ... => Integrated HW/SW

Entwurf und Validierung paralleler Systeme (Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 2)

Graduate Course in Computer Science (Informatik) and Computer Engineering (Ingenieurinformatik)

2 + 2 (lecture and project seminar)

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel

Dieter Wuttke

TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄTILMENAU

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Integrated HW/SW-Systems 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 6-Apr-06

Motivation for the Course – Why is this important?

Any computer system consists of hardware and software!

But: HW is often hidden and not considered important by SW developers

Indicators that HW is important:

Systems where HW/SW relation is obvious:

embedded systems

real-time systems

reliable systems

safety-critical systems

capacity

responsiveness and delay

predictability

reliability

safety

power consumption

cost

...

=> Knowledge of HW/SW interaction is required!

What are ``Integrated HW/SW-Systems´´?



Embedded programming without knowledge of HW/SW integration

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According to the International Data Corporation

1997: 96% of all Internet-access devices shipped in the United States were PCs

End of 2002: less than 50% of them were PCsInstead, digital set-top boxes, cell phones, and personal digital assistants are sold

Today: the most selling Internet-access devices are mobile phones

According to the International Data Corporation

1997: 96% of all Internet-access devices shipped in the United States were PCs

End of 2002: less than 50% of them were PCsInstead, digital set-top boxes, cell phones, and personal digital assistants are sold

Today: the most selling Internet-access devices are mobile phones

Information Technology Scenario


Objectives

Let’s assume you are employed as a system architect with some company and

faced with the following task:

Given is some problem to be solved by some kind of computer system, e.g. an ABS system for a car, a fly-by-wire system for a new Airbus, the control of a microwave oven, a mobile phone, a corporate IP router, or the control unit of some medical x-ray equipment.

The different systems have very different requirements, including real-time constraints, reliability, cost, etc.

Your task is to select the most appropriate system design including HW and SW, as well as the selection of the most appropriate design method and tools.

The goal of the course is to provide the knowledge to make these kind of decisions.


Contents IHS 1 & IHS 2 (E+V)

Part I: IntroductionMotivation and overview

Development process and tasks

Part II: System Analysis, Design and Validation (top-down)Analysis and requirements

Behavioral models

FSM, NDFSM, FSM composition

PN, DFG, CFG, CDFG

Specification languages

Statecharts, SDL

VHDL, SystemC

Functional validation

Performance/temporal validation

Optimization methods

System synthesis (HW/SW codesign)

Part III: HW Synthesis (bottom-up)

Review: Boolean Algebras

Minimization

Structural descriptions

Dynamic aspects (Hasards, etc.)

Boolean automata (partial, nondeterm.)

Logic synthesis of automata

Composition/decomposition

High-level synthesis

Part IV: SW Synthesis (bottom-up)

Processing devices - review

Support functions: process management, communication, synchronisation, timer management, scheduling

Real-time operating systems


Working Method IHS 2 (Entwurf und Validierung)

Lecture (2 SWS) – first half of semester

acquire knowledge of relevant techniques

Project Seminar (2 SWS) – second half of semester

work on selected topics (literature study, practical work)

practice team work

documentation of results

presentation of results

Exams (Alternatives)

IN: Teil des Schwerpunkt- oder Ergänzungskomplexes oder

II: Vertiefungskomplex IHS oder

IN, II, etc.: Scheinprüfung (mündlich)


Fachgebiet IHS – Teaching

Vertiefung IHSSG II

StudiengangIngenieurinformatik (II)

StudiengangInformatik (IN)

ExportMedient. & W-Inf.

Integr. HW/SW-Systeme2/1/.5 (Pflicht für Inginf.

Wahl für Inf.)

1. Sem.

2. Sem.

5. Sem.

6.-9. Sem.

Multimediale Syst.2/1/- (Wahlpflicht)

VertiefungMedieninformatik

SG II/IN

IHS 2 (E+V)2/2/- (Wahlpflicht)

Wireless Internet2/2/- (Wahlpflicht)

UMTS Networks2/2/- (Wahlpflicht) Vertiefung IHS

SG IN

Rechnerorganisation2/2/.5

Techn. Informatik I2/2/.5 (bisher 1/1/.5)

Praktikum

Rechnerorg.1+1

Praktikum

Schaltsysteme1/1/.5

Praktikum


Organisational Stuff

Course prerequisites:Basics of digital systems Basics of computer architecture and computer design

Slides and additional information will be provided at http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ihs

Please register with the IHS mailing list (for short-term notices)

Instructor contact:Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Dieter WuttkeOffice: Blechhaus, Room 205 Office: Blechhaus, Room 203Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]: 03677-69-2819 Phone: 03677-69-2820

Secretary: Helga Meusel, Blechhaus, Room 210, [email protected], Phone: 03677-69-2870


Introduction

Integrated HW/SW systems by example

Issues of HW/SW systems development


Some Examples of Systems with Tight HW/SW Interaction

Communication systemsGSM/UMTS network elementsIP router (QoS support)ATM switchGSM/UMTS mobile

Safety-critical systemsfly-by-wire systemABS, ASR, ESP, etc.train controlcontrol of physical and chemical processes

Embedded systems (not user-programable)every-day-appliances (microwave oven, vending machine, mobile phone, ...)ABSticket machine...


Example: UMTS Network

RNS

UTRAN CN

RNS

PS Domain

CS Domain

Registers

RNC

RNC

MSC/VLR GMSC

HLR/AuC/EIR

SGSN GGSN

Node B

Node B

Node B

Node BUE

User Equipment

(UE)

IuUu

Iub

Iub

Iur

Gn


Example: Digital Wireless Platform

AD

Analog RF

Timingrecovery

phonebook

Java VM

ARQ

Keypad,Display

Control

FiltersAdaptive AntennaAlgorithm

Equalizers MUD

Accelerators(bit level)

analog digital

DSP core

uC core(ARM)

Logic

Dedicated Logicand Memory

Source: Berkeley Wireless Research Center


Example: Car Electronics

• More than 30% of the cost of a car is now in electronics• 90% of all innovations will be based on electronic systems


Example: Modern Vehicles, an Electronic System

Electronic Toll CollectionElectronic Toll CollectionCollision AvoidanceCollision AvoidanceVehicle ID TrackingVehicle ID Tracking

SafetySafety--critical Systemcritical System

VehicleVehicleCAN BusCAN Bus

BodyBodyControlControl

ECUECU ABSABS

SuspensionSuspension TransmissionTransmission

IVHS InfrastructureIVHS Infrastructure

Wireless Communications/Wireless Communications/Data Global PositioningData Global Positioning

Info/Info/CommsComms//AV BusAV Bus

CellularCellularPhonePhone

GPSGPS DisplayDisplay

NavigationNavigation Stereo/CDStereo/CD

SW ArchitectureNetwork Design/Analysis Function/Protocol Validation

Performance Modeling

Supplier Chain Integration

IVHS: Intelligent Vehicle Highway SystemsECU: Electronic Control Unit (Bordcomputer)


Example: Vehicles, a Consumer Electronic System

CommsGSM/GPRS

UMTS, PagingCompression

SW ShellWindows CE,

NT, MAC, BIOS

SW AppsBrowser,

Comms, User Apps

ProcessorRISC, PowerPC

X86, Hitachi RISC

DisplayHeads Up,Flat PanelGraphics

User I/FVoice SynthesisVoice ControlStylus, ETC

Output & I/FSerial, Ethernet

Diagnostics

Info/Comms/AV Bus

CellularPhone

GPS Display

Navigation Stereo/CD

• Minimum Technology to Satisfy User Requirement

• Usability• Integrate with Other Vehicle

Systems• Add Functions Without

Adding the Cost

Challenges

Vehicle Web SiteTechnology


Example: When Will Dick Tracy’s Watch Be Available?

The Ultimate Nomadic Toolin the Broadband Age

Two-way Communication

Language Translation & InterpretationE-SecretaryCameraMusicElectronic Money…


Example: Smart Buildings

• Task: ambient conditioning systems allow thermal conditioning in small, localized zones, to be individually controlled by building occupants, creating “micro-climates within a building”

• Other functions: security, identification and personalization, object tagging, seismic monitoring

Dense wireless network of sensor, monitor, and actuator nodes

• Disaster mitigation, traffic management and control• Integrated patient monitoring, diagnostics, and drug administration• Automated manufacturing and intelligent assembly• Toys, Interactive Musea

Dense wireless network of sensor, Dense wireless network of sensor, monitor, and actuator nodesmonitor, and actuator nodes

• Disaster mitigation, traffic management and control• Integrated patient monitoring, diagnostics, and drug administration• Automated manufacturing and intelligent assembly• Toys, Interactive Musea


PC/DataBased

PC-1laptop

InternetAccess

PC-2

Printer

TelecomBased

VideoPhone

VoicePhone

PDA

Intercom

ApplianceBased

Sprinklers

Toasters

Ovens

Clocks

ClimateControl

UtilityCustomization

SecurityBased

DoorSensorsMotion

Detectors WindowSensors

LightControl

AudioAlarms

Video surveillance

SmokeDetectors

EntertainmentBased

StereoTV

Cam Corder

StillCamera

VideoGame

VCR

DVDPlayer

Web-TVSTB

Example: Home Networking Application (Subnet) Clusters


Example: Smart Dust Components

Laser diodeIII-V process

Passive CCR comm.MEMS/polysilicon

Active beam steering laser comm.MEMS/optical quality polysilicon

SensorMEMS/bulk, surface, ...

Analog I/O, DSP, ControlCOTS CMOS

Solar cellCMOS or III-V

Thick film batterySol/gel V2O5

Power capacitorMulti-layer ceramic

1-2 mm


Example: Airborne Dust

Mapleseed solar cellMEMS/Hexsil/SOI

1-5 cm

Controlled auto-rotatorMEMS/Hexsil/SOIRocket dust

MEMS/Hexsil/SOI


Example: Synthetic Insects

Source: R. Yeh, K. Pister, UCB/BSAC


Definition of Embedded SystemsAn embedded system

employs a combination of hardware & software (a “computational engine”) to perform a specific functionis part of a larger system that may not be a “computer”works in a reactive and time-constrained environment

Software is used for providing features and flexibilityHardware = {Processors, ASICs, Memory,...} is used for performance (& sometimes security)

=> Integrated HW/SW system

Typical characteristics:perform a small set of highly specific functions (not "general purpose”)increasingly high-performance & real-time constrainedpower, cost and reliability are often important issues


What is a System Anyway?

Environment to environmentEnvironment to environment

Sensors + Information Processing + ActuatorsSensors + Information Processing + Actuators

Computer is a systemComputer is a system

Microprocessor (ASCI, memory) is notMicroprocessor (ASCI, memory) is not

environment

sensorsensor

sensorsensor

sensor

processing

actor


Design Process: Behavior vs. Structure

MappingMapping

Flow To ImplementationFlow To Implementation

CommunicationRefinement

BehaviorBehaviorSimulationSimulation

Performance models: emb. SW, comm. and

comp. resources

HW/SW partitioning,scheduling

SynthesisSW

estimation

Requirements

SystemSystemBehaviorBehavior

Models of computation

SystemSystemArchitectureArchitecture

PerformancePerformanceSimulationSimulation


Will the system solution match the original system spec?

Concept

• Limited synergies between HW & SW teams

• Long complex flows in which teams do not reconcile efforts until the end

• High degree of risk that devices will be fully functional

• Limited synergies between HW & SW teams

• Long complex flows in which teams do not reconcile efforts until the end

• High degree of risk that devices will be fully functional

Software Hardware? • HW or IP Selection

• Design• Verification• System Test

TxOptics

Synth/MUX

CDR/DeMUX

RxOptics

VCXO

mP

ClockSelect

LineI/F OHP

STSPP

STSXC SPE

MapData

Framer

Cell/Packet

I/F

STMI/F


Important Lessons

Communication is everywhere

Embedded systems market surpasses PC market

Systems differ in many aspects (functionality, time constraints,

reliability, safety, cost, …)

Design methodologies are important to handle complexity

(behavioural and structural descriptions and verification)

Methods for HW design align with modern SW design

but: HW knowledge is essential to optimize solutions

(cost, capacity, response time, reliability, safety, ...)

Documents

(Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 2) · PDF file(Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 2) ... MEMS/bulk, surface, ... Analog I/O, DSP, Control COTS CMOS ... => Integrated HW/SW