10. 1857 C´ybn H¶mas¯ kzmX{´y kacw \S¶p. \m\m kmtl_v,

e£ van`mbv, Xm´nbtXm¸n F¶nhcmWv t\XrXzw \ÂInbXv.

11.

.

12. Ihn sh®n¡ pfw tKm]me¡ pdp¸v P·Zn\w (1902þ1980)

13.

14. Ihn ]n. ̀mkvIc³ P·Zn\w (1924þ2007)

Õm³kn dmWn

C´ybpsS kt´mjv bmZhv FhdÌv c­pXhW IogS¡ nb {]Ya temI h\nXbmbn (1993) BZy FhdÌmtcmlWw 1992Â Bbncp¶p

Ihn Ipª p®namjv P·Zn\w (1927þ2008)

10

11.

2. \À¯Inbpw Fgp¯pImcnbpamb arWmfn\n kmcm`mbnbpsS P·Zn\w (1928) imkv{XÚ\mb hn{Iw kmcm`mbn ̀À¯mhpw \Snbpw {]km[Ibpamb aÃnI kmcm`mbpsS aIfpamWv.

3.

4. kv]bn\nse dnbenÌv Nn{XImc³ kmÂhtZmÀZmenbpsS P·Zn\w (1904þ1989).

5.

tZiob kmt¦XnI Zn\w. C´y BWh ]co£ Ww \S¯n (1998).

sshtem¸nÅn {io[ctat\m³ P·Zn\w (1911þ1985).

XXzNn´I\pw A²ymßnI Nn´I\pamb Pn±p IrjvWaqÀ¯n P·Zn\w (1895þ1986). Ccp]Xmw \qäm­v temI¯n\p k½m\n¨ auenI Nn´bpÅ ZmÀi\nI hn¹hImcn.

11

1.

2. `mcX¯nsâ c­mas¯ FbÀ{Im^väv ImcnbÀ sF.F³.Fkv. hn{Im´v I½oj³ sNbvXp (1987).

3.

A´mcmjv{S t\gvkkv Zn\w. BXpc tkh\¯neqsS B[p\nI t\gvknwKv k{¼Zmbw Bhnjv¡ cn¨ þ hnft¡ ´nb h\nX ̂ vtfmd³kv ss\änwtKensâ (1820þ1910) P·Zn\w.

Atacn¡ ³ ckX{´Ú\mb tdmbn sP. s¹s¦äv sS^vtem¬ I­p]nSn¨p(1994).

12

1. ap³ cmjv{S]Xn ̂ {IpZo³ Aen Al½Zv P·Zn\w (1905þ1977)

2.

3. km¡ nÀ lpssk³ C´ybpsS aq¶mas¯ cmjv{S]Xnbmbn (1967)

4.

5. Ihn ]{Xm[n]À, ̀mjm]WvUnX³ F¶o \neIfn {]ikvX\mb F³.hn. IrjvWhmcnbÀ P·Zn\w (1916þ1989)

6.

kÀth¸Ån cm[mIrjvW³ C´ybpsS c­mas¯ cmjv{S]Xnbmbn (1962)

IÀWmSI kwKoXÚ³ s\¿män³Ic hmkptZh³ NcaZn\w (1940þ2008)

tPm¬t]mÄ c­ma³ amÀ]m¸bv¡ v skâv ]otägvkv kvIzbdn h v̈ shSntbäp (1981)

13

1.

2. C´y³ kn\nam kwhn[mbI³ arWmÄsk³ P·Zn\w (1923).

3.

4. B²ymßI Nn´I\pw XXzNn´I\pamb Kpcp \nXy ssNX\ybXn NcaZn\w (1924þ1999).

5.

6. Fgp¯pImc\pw ]{X{]hÀ¯I\pamb aqÀt¡ m¯p Ipª ¸ P·Zn\w (1905).

7.

B¡ tlmÄ sXÀtam aoäÀ, ck sXÀtam aoäÀ F¶nh I­p]nSn¨ Zm\ntb K{_ntb ̂ mc³ssläv P·Zn\w (1686þ1736).

1643þ Xsâ \memas¯ hbÊn eqbn ]Xn\mema³ {^m³knse cmPmhmbn. (]nXmhv eqbn ]Xnaq¶masâ acWs¯ XpSÀ¶mWnXv).

aebmf t\mhenÌv hnemkn\n NcaZn\w (1928þ1993).

Atacn¡ kvssIem_v 1 hnt£ ]n¨p (1973).

14

1.

2. alÀjn tZt_{µ\mY SmKqÀ P·Zn\w (1817þ1905).

3.

4. IYmIr¯v hn.]n. inhIpamÀ P·Zn\w (1947).

5.

A´mcmjv{S IpSpw_ Zn\w. IpSpw_¯nsâ ]hn{XXbpw kpc£ nXXzhpw A\nhmcyam¡ Ww. 1993 sFIycmjv{SkwLS\ P\d Akw»n {]tabw ]mÊm¡ n.

]nbdnIyqdn P·Zn\w (1859þ1906) `mcy tacnIyqdns¡ m¸w DuÀÖX{´ t\mt_Â ]pckvImcw ]nbdn ]¦n«p.

^oÂUv amÀj Icnb¸ NcaZn\w (1899þ1993).

15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

{^© v ckX{´Ú³ \nt¡ mfmkv eqbokv hm³Izen³ P·Zn\w (1763þ1829). t{ImWnbhpw s_dnenbhpw I­p]nSn¨Xv hm³Izen\mWv.

kaImenI aebmfw hmcnI XpS§ n (1997).

Ppt¦m Smt_ FhdÌv IogS¡ nb {]Ya h\nXbmbn (1975).

ap³ sS¶okv Xmcw K{_ntbem k_män\n P·Zn\w (1970).

kn¡ nw C´ybpsS 22þmas¯ kwØm\ambn (1975).

16

1. I\uPv bp²¯n sjÀjmkqcn lpabqWns\ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯n (1540).

2.

3. hmkvtKmUKma tImgnt¡ mSv Im¸mSv I¸end§ n (1498)t]mÀ¨pKokv ssht{kmbn ]Zhnbnencns¡ 1524 Unkw_À 24\v tIcf¯n h v̈ A´cn¨p.

4.

5. hneyw temK¬ P·Zn\w (1841þ1914).

6.

temI hmÀ¯m hn\nab Zn\w. A´mcmjv{S sSenIayqWnt¡ j³ bqWnbsâ B`napJy¯nemWv Zn\mNcWw.

Atacn¡ bnse Gähpw hepXpw ]g¡ tadnbXpamb \yqtbmÀ¡ v tÌm¡ v FIvkvtN© v {]hÀ¯\w Bcw`n¨p (1792).

hmIvknt\j³ F¶ {]Xntcm[ Ip¯nhbv¸nsâ D]ÚmXmhmb FtUzÀUv sP¶À Cw¥­nse _À¡ nenbn P\n¨p (1749þ1823). ]ip F¶À°apÅ hm¡ (vacca) F¶ emän³ i_vZ¯n \n¶mWv hmIvknt\j³ F¶ ]Zap­mbXv.

17

1. (1048þ1131).

2. (1920þ2005).

3. _mekmlnXyImc³ kn¸n ]Ån¸pdw P·Zn\w (1943).

4. s\mt_Â tPXmhv _À{Smâv dÊÂ P·Zn\w (1872þ1970).

t]Àjy³ Ihn HaÀJbmw P·Zn\w

tPm¬t]mÄ c­ma³ amÀ]m¸ P·Zn\w

18

1.

2. \mYpdmw hn\mbIv tKmUvsk P·Zn\w (1911þ1949).

3.

4. Kncojv IÀWmUv P·Zn\w (1938). \mSI kn\namcwK¯v kPohw

5.

6. aebmf¯nse kvtIm«v F¶p hntijn¸n¡ s¸« Ncn{XImc³ kn.hn. cma³ ]nÅ P·Zn\w (1858þ1922).

7.

8. IYmIr¯v Abv]v ]mdta NcaZn\w (2004).

9.

10. tIcfob _me Nn{XImc³ FUva­v tXmakv Inâv P·Zn\w (1976þ1983). Ggp hbÊn ]qcw F¶ Nn{X¯neqsS {]Xn` sXfnbn¨p.

hnbäv\mw tZiob {]Øm\¯nsâ t\Xmhv tlmNnan³ P·Zn\w (1890þ1969).

Sn.kn. tbml¶m³ P·Zn\w (1947) sSlvdm\n Gjy³ sKbnwknse temwMv Pw]n \mjW dn¡ mÀUn«p.

ap³ apJya{´n C.sI.\mb\mÀ N aZn\w (1919þ2004).

ap³ cmjv{S]Xn \oew kÚohsdÍn P·Zn\w (1916þ1986).

IYmIr¯pw t\mhenÌpw Fgp¯pImc\pamb Fw.]n. \mcmbW ]nÅ NcaZn\w (1939þ1998).

c

19

1. {InÌ^À sImfw_kv kvs]bn\n h v̈ acWaSª p (1506).

2.

3. BZy B{Ô apJya{´n Sn. {]Imiw NcaZn\w (1957).

4.

.

5. imkv{Xobamb coXnbn aebmf¯n _mekmlnXy imJsb hfÀ¯nb amXyp Fw. Ipgnthen P·Zn\w (1905).

6.

.

7. _Âkm¡ v P·Zn\w (1799þ1850).

kzmX{´y kactk\m\n _n]n³ N{µ]m P·Zn\w (1932).

`mjm C³Ìnäyq«v {]kn²oIcn¡ p¶ hnÚm\ ssIcfn {]kn²oIcW amcw`n¨p (1969)

]mcokn \n¶pw CkvXmw_qfntebv¡ v Hmdnbâv FIvkv{]Êv Ahkm\ bm{X \S¯n. sIm¨o¸³ XcI³ NcaZn\w (1861þ1940)

20

1.

2. A´mcmjv{S ̂ pSv_mÄ Atkmkntbj³ þ ̂ n^ Øm]n¨p (1904)

3.

4. knÌÀ tacn _\oÚ (tacn tPm¬ tXm«w) (1901þ1985)

Xo{hhmZ hncp²Zn\w. ap³ {][m\ a{´n cmPohv KmÔn sNss¶bnse {io s]cp¼¯qcn h v̈ sImÃs¸«p. (1944þ1991)

kpkvanXm sk³ ankv bqWnthgvkv ]«w t\Sp¶ BZy C´y¡ mcnbmbn (1994) a\nebnemWv kuµcyaÕcw \S¶Xv.

21

1.

2. {^© v t\mhenÌv hntàmÀ bqtKm NcaZn\w (1802þ1885).

3.

4. sjÀeIv tlmwknsâ IYmImc³ kÀ BÀXÀ tIm\³ tUmb P·Zn\w (1859þ1930).

5.

6. ssat{Imtkm^väv hn³tUmkv 3.0 \yqtbmÀ¡ nÂCd¡ n (1990).

7.

cmPmdmw taml³ tdmbv P·Zn\w (1772þ1833). C´y³ \thm°m\¯nsâ ]nXmhv. {_ÒkamP {]Øm\w Bcw`n¨p. kXn \nÀ¯em¡ m³ apJy ]¦ v hln¨p.

{ioe¦ dn¸»n¡ mbn (1972). CXphsc kntem¬ F¶mbncp¶ t]cv.

Úm\]oTw AhmÀUv GÀs¸Sp¯n (1961).

cmPym´c ssPh sshhn[yZn\w.

22

1.

2. _tN{µn]m FhdÌv IogS¡ nb BZy ̀mcXob h\nXbmbn (1984).

3.

4. ]\¼nÅn tKmhnµ tat\m³ NcaZn\w (1908þ1970) cmjv{Sob t\Xmhv, ̀cW IÀ¯mhv F¶o \neIfn {]ikvX³.

5.

6. XncphnXmwIqdnse BZy P\Iob Kh¬saânse a{´nbpw XncpþsIm n̈ apJya{´nbpamb kn. tIih³ P·Zn\w (1891þ1969).

{]IrXn imkv{X¯nsâ BNmcy³ F¶dnbs¸« ImÀtemkv en\bkv P·Zn\w (1707þ1778). kky§ sfbpw P´p¡ fbpw XcwXncn v̈ Ahbv¡ v imkv{XþIpeþhÀ¤\maw \ÂIp¶ coXnbpsS D]ÚmXmhv.

kn.Un. tZivapJv BZy C´y³ s]mXp_Päv ]mÀseân AhXcn¸n¨p (1952).

t\mÀhoPnb³ \mSIIr¯v slânIv C_vk³ NcaZn\w (1828þ1906).

23

1.

2. kqcy³ Hcp \£ {XamsW¶pw {Kl§ Ä kqcy\p Npäpw k© cn¡ pIbmsW¶pw Is­¯nb \nt¡ mfmkv tIm¸À \n¡ kv NcaZn\w (1473þ1543).

3.

4.

5.

tIma¬ sh¯v Zn\w {_«ojv tIma¬ sh¯n\p IognepÅ cmjv{S§ fptSbpw ̀q {]tZi§ fptSbpw s^Utdj³. sFIycmjv{S kwLS\ Ignª m anI¨ temI kaqlw.

AenKUv apÉow kÀhIemimebpsS {]mKv cq]amb apl½Z³ Bwt¥m Hmdnbâ kvIqÄ XpS§ n (1875). kÀ k¿nZv Al½ZvJm\pw ]p{X³ k¿nZv aÒqZvJm\pamWv Øm]IÀ. kÀhIemimebmbXv 1920emWv.

ImkÀtKmUv tIcf¯nse ]Xn\memas¯ PnÃbmbn \nehnÂh¶p. (1984)

tImgnt¡ mSv tem¡ Â sse{_dn AtXmdnän XpS§ n (1959).

24

1.

2. C´y³ kzmX{´y kac tk\m\n dmjv _nlmcn t_mkv P·Zn\w (1886þ1945)

3.

4. Ihn ]WvUnäv sI.]n. Idp¸³ P·Zn\w (1885þ1938).

5.

sh\okv knwt¹m³ Hmdnbâv FIvkv{]kv BZyambn HmSn XpS§ n (1982).

kztZim`nam\n sI. cmaIrjvW ]nÅ P·Zn\w (1878þ1916). ]{Xm[n]À, Fgp¯pImc³ F¶o \neIfn {]ikvX³.

kn.Pn. im´IpamÀ NcaZn\w (1938þ2006).

25

1.

2. C´y³ kzmX{´y¯n\pth­n BßmÀ¸Ww sNbvX hn¹hImcn tUm. sN¼Icma³ ]nÅbpsS NcaZn\w (1891þ1934).

3.

]m¡ nØms\XnscbpÅ C´y³ hnPbw Hm¸tdj³ hnPbv (1999)

XncphnXmwIqdnse Õm³kndmWn F¶p hntijn¡ s¸« B\n akv{Io³ P·Zn\w (1902þ1963) tIcf¯nse BZy h\nXm a{´n.

Pbv lnµv F¶ ap{ZmhmIy¯nsâ D]ÚmXmhv.

26

1. \h`mcX inev]n ]WvUnddv PhÀem s\lvdp NcaZn\w (1889þ1964).

2.

3. Ad_n Ncn{XImc\pw apJ±nabpsS cNbnXmhpamb C_v\p J±pw P·Zn\w (1332þ1406).

4.

5. C´ybpsS tImt\cp lw]n sNkv SqÀWsaân {Kmâv amÌÀ ]Zhn t\Sp¶ {]mbw Ipdª h\nXbmbn. (2002) _pUms]Ìnse FsesIkv sat½mdnb sNkv SqÀWsaân h¨mWv Cu ]Zhn t\SnbXv.

6.

7. kwØm\ _mekmlnXy C³Ìnäyq«v {]hÀ¯\w Bcw`n¨p. (1981) Ip«nIfpsS kÀÆtXm³apJamb hnImk¯n\pXIp¶ _mekmlnXy IrXnIÄ {]kn²oIcn¡ p¶p. kmwkv¡ mcnI hIp¸v a{´nbmWv sNbÀam³.

km³ {^m³knkvtImtbbpw assd³ cmPyhpambn Iq«nbnW¡ p¶ Iment^mÀWnbbnse tKmÄU³ tKäv {_nUvPv s]mXpP\§ Ä¡ mbn Xpd¶p sImSp¯p. (1937) c­p e£ w t]À BZy Zn\w ]me¯neqsS k© cn¨p.

A\mhiy AdÌn \n¶pw XShp in£ bn \n¶pw kwc£ Ww \ÂInsIm­v Cw¥ojv ]mÀesaâv tl_nbkv tImÀ¸kv \nbaw ]mÊm¡ n (1679).

Ihn ]n. Ipª ncma³ \mbÀ NcaZn\w (1906þ1978).

27

1.

2. hn¹hImcnbmb kzmX{´y kac tk\m\n hn\mbIv ZmtamZÀ khÀ¡ À P·Zn\w (1883þ1966).

3.

4. Ihn k n̈Zm\µ³ P·Zn\w (1946).

5.

6. aebmf t\mhenÌv sambvXp ]Snb¯v NcaZn\w (1931).

1973 se kmlnXy s\mt_Â tPXmhv Hmkv{Snb¡ mc³ ]m{SnIv sshäv P·Zn\w (1912þ1990).

\S\pw B{Ô{]tZiv apJya{´nbpw sXepKptZiw ]mÀ«n Øm]I\pamb F³.Sn. cmadmhp P·Zn\w (1923þ1996).

aebmf t\mhenÌv ap«̄ p hÀ¡ n NcaZn\w (1918þ1989).

28

1.

2. Atacn¡ ³ ap³ {]knUâv tPm¬ F^v. sI¶Un P·Zn\w (1917þ1963).

3.

4. sh«w amWn NcaZn\w (1921þ1987).

FhdÌv Zn\w. C´ybnse `qanimkv{X]camb tcJmwiob Nm]w (meridinal arc) \nÀ®bn¨ {_n«ojv kÀtÆbÀ P\d kÀ tPmÀPv FhdÌnsâ _lpam\mÀ°amWv sImSpapSn¡ v FhdÌv F¶v \maIcWw sNbvXXv. 1953 sabv 29 cmhnse

11.30\v FUva­v lnemcnbpw (\yqknemâv) sS³knMv t\mÀtKbpw (t\¸mÄ) FhdÌn ImepIp¯n. Cu Zn\ kvacWbn FhdÌv Zn\w BNcn¡ p¶p.

ZmZkmtl_v ̂ mÂsI AhmÀUv tPXmhv ]rYncmPv I]qÀ A´cn¨p (1972).

29

1. tKmh C´ybpsS 25þmaXv kwØm\ambn (1987).

2.

3. arZwKhmZy¯nsâ Ipe]Xnbmb ]me¡ mSv aWn A¿À P·Zn\w (1912þ1991) IÀWmSI kwKoX temIs¯ ]ecpsam¶n v̈ ]¡ tafw hmbn n̈«p­v.

4.

5. \mSIIr¯pw A[ym]I\pamb ap³jn cma¡ pdp¸v P·Zn\w (1848).

6.

7. aebmäqÀ cmaIrjvW³ P·Zn\w (1927).

Ihn CS¸Ån cmLh³ ]nÅ P·Zn\w (1909þ1936). {]Wbhpw hnjmZhpw IhnXIfneqsS A\p`thZyam¡ n. N§ ¼pgbpsS caWsâ cN\bv¡ v \nZm\ambXv CS¸ÅnbpsS BßlXybmWv.

tPm³ Hm^v BÀ¡ v NcaZn\w (1412þ1431).

t_mdnkv ]mÌÀ\m¡ v NcaZn\w (1960).

30

1. temI ]pIbne hncp² Zn\w. ]pIbne D]tbmKhpw \nÀamWhpw \nb{´n¡ pI F¶ e£ yw h v̈ sFIycmjv{S kwLS\ Cu Zn\w BNcn¡ p¶p.

2.

3. Iaem kpc¿ Nca Zn\w (1932þ2009)

4.

5. PÀ½³ kwhn[mbI\pw \S\pw Fgp¯pImc\pamb sdbv\À shÀWÀ ̂ mkv_nµÀ P·Zn\w (1946þ1982)

C{kmtbense BZy Xq¡ nsIme \S¶p. (1962) \mkn {Inan\Â AtUmÄ^v sFIvams\bmWv h[n¨Xv.

_wKmfn ̀mjbnse BZy ]{Xw kamNmÀ ZÀ¸¬ {]kn²oIcn¨p (1818) hneyw Imcnbpw tPmjzm amÀjpam\pamWv {]km[IÀ.

31