Zukünftige Beschleunigerprojekte am CERN

Frank ZimmermannJahresversammlung des Kommittees für

BeschleunigerphysikDarmstadt, 29 November 2013

Thanks to R. Aleksan, R. Assmann, A. Blondel, O. Brüning, A. Butterworth, Y. Cai, R. Calaga, O. Dominguez, J. Ellis, B. Holzer, P. Janot, E. Jensen, M. Klein, M. Koratzinos,

S. Myers, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, J. Osborne, L. Rossi, R. Schmidt J. Seeman, V. Telnov, R. Tomas, J. Wenninge, U. Wienands, K. Yokoya, M. Zanetti, …

, r

Work supported by the European Commission under Capacities 7th Framework Programme, Grant Agreement 312453

LHC: pp, AA & pA Kollisionen höchster Energiepp Parameter:

ECM =

14 TeV design

8 TeV in 2012

L = 1034 cm-2s-1

1983 LEP Note 440 - S. Myers and W. Schnell proposetwin-ring pp collider in LEP tunnel with 9-T dipoles

1991 CERN Council: LHC approval in principle1992 EoI, LoI of experiments 1993 SSC termination 1994 CERN Council: LHC approval1995-98 cooperation w.Japan,India,Russia,Canada,&US 2000 LEP completion2006 last s.c. dipole delivered2008 first beam2010 first collisions at 3.5 TeV beam energy 2015 collisions at ~design energy (plan)

>30 years!now is the time to plan for ~2040

LHC – historische Entstehung

C. Grojean, 2nd LEP3/TLEP workshop, 18 June 2012

DIE Frage der nächsten Jahrzehnte

kreisförmige Higgs-Fabriken

epgge+e-

pp

LHeCSAPPHiRETLEPVHE-LHC/TLEP

ERL LHeC:recirculatinglinac withenergy recovery

)Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC)100 MW total wall-plug power,Lep up to 2x1034 cm-2s-1

next LHeC workshopChavannes-de-Bogis20-21 January 2014indico.cern.chconfId=278903

two SC linacs, 3-pass up, 3-pass down; 6.4-mA 60-GeV e-’s collide w. LHC p/ions, e- RF grad ~20 MV/m, 800 MHz

(C=1/3 LHC allows for ion clearing gaps)A. Bogacz, O. Brüning, M. Klein, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann, et al

LHeC ERL Anlage

s-channel production;lower energy;no e+ source

few J pulseenergy with l~350 nm

Source: Fiber lasers and amplifiers: an ultrafast performance evolution, Jens Limpert, Thomas Schreiber, and Andreas Tünnermann, Applied Optics, Vol. 49, No. 25 (2010)

power evolution of cw double-clad fiber lasers with diffraction limited beam quality over the past decade: factor 100 increase!

K. Moenig et al, DESY Zeuthen

passive optical cavity → relaxed laser parameters

physics

IR

laser optical cavity

gg Higgs-Fabrik?

SAPPHiRE: Small Accelerator for Photon-Photon Higgs production using Recirculating Electrons

scale ~ European XFEL,about 10-20k Higgs per year

Reconfigured LHeC

SAPPHiRE gg Higgs-Fabrik100 MW total wall-plug power, Lgg ~6x1032 cm-2s-1

Y. Zaouter, Amplitude Systems

J. Gronberg, LLNL

G. Mourou, LOA;M. Velasco, Northwestern U.

10 J at 10 kHz

EuCARD SAPPHiRE Day 19 February 2013

full powerw/o opticalcavity!

industry Livermore

ICAN

Laseroptionen für SAPPHiRE

(1 year = 107 s at design luminosity).

machine LHeC LHeC-HF SAPPHiRE

luminosity [1034 cm-2s-1]

0.1 (ep) 2 (ep) 0.06 (gg >125 GeV)

Higgs production cross section

~200 fb ~200 fb >1.7 pb

no. Higgs/yr 2k 40k >10k

Vergleich der ep & gg Higgs-Fabriken

European Strategyemphasizes high-energy

pp & e+e- collisions

J. Osborne, C. Waaijer, CERN, ARUP & GADZ,submitted to European Strategy Symposium 2012

ein 80-100 km Tunnel bei Genf

TLEP/VHE-LHC

“Of course, it should not be the size of an accelerator, but its

costs which must be minimized.”

Gustav-Adolf Voss,builder of PETRA,

† 5. October 2013

ist 80-100 km zu groβ?

energy = 91, 160, 240, 350 & 500 GeV c.m.circumference ~100 kmtotal SR power ≤ 100 MW#IPs = 2 or 4 beam-beam tune shift / IP scaled from LEPluminosity / IP ~ 5x1034 cm-2s-1 at the Higgs

~1000 x LEP2top-up injectionby* = 1 mm ~ sz

TLEP (e+e-) Hauptparameter

b* - historischer Trendyearb* [m]

PETRA

SPEARPEP, BEPC, LEP

CESR

DORISTRISTAN

DAFNE

CESR-c, PEP-II

KEKB

BEPC-II

SuperKEKBTLEP

𝜎 ∗=√𝜀𝛽∗IP beam size

beam commissioning will start in early 2015

• by*=300 mm (TLEP: 1 mm)• lifetime 5 min (TLEP: ~15min)• ey/ex=0.25% ! (TLEP: 0.2%)• off momentum acceptance

(±1.5%, TLEP: ±2%)• e+ production rate (2.5x1012/s,

TLEP: <1x1011/s)

SuperKEKB wird TLEP Machbarkeit zeigen

S. HendersonTLEP-Z

TLEP-WTLEP-H

TLEP-t

Luminosität von e+e- colliders

ultimate precisionat Z, WW, ZH ;sensitive to New Physics in multi-TeV range & to SM closure → case for VHE-LHC

ultimate energy reach up to 1 or 3 TeV ;direct searchesfor New Physics

Luminosität von e+e- Higgs-Fabriken

TLEP Herausforderungenshort beam lifetime from Bhabha scattering

lifetime limit from beamstrahlung

highly efficient SRF system (+ cheap magnets)

synchrotron radiation

quasi continuous top up injection

flat beams (small vertical emittance)final focus with large E acceptance

>50% wall plug to beam power per meter & critical energy

more benign than for other rings

A. Blondel

hohe Luminosität → booster ring

for top up injectioninto collider

Teilchenphysik bei TLEP?

and much more

John EllisKing’s CollegeLondon

LHC is the 1st Higgs factory! ECM=8-14 TeV,1034cm-2s-1

HL-LHC (~2022-2030): ECM=14 TeV,5x1034cm-2s-1 (leveled)

VHE-LHC/FHC in new ~100 km tunnel (2040?)ECM=100 TeV,1034cm-2s-1

1 M Higgs produced so far – more to come!15 H bosons / min – and more to come

10x more Higgs

42x higher cross sectionfor H self coupling

pp Higgs-Fabriken

0

5

10

15

20

0 20 40 60 80

Ope

ratio

nal f

ield

(T)

Coil width (mm)

HE-LHC

LHCSSC

HeraTevatron

RHIC

D20 (max. reached)

HD2(max. reached)

Nb-Ti

Nb3Sn

HTS

Fresca2

McIntyreVHE-LHC

höheres Feld → Technologiewechsel

E. Todesco,L. Rossi

wo stehen wir mit Nb3Sn?

E. Todesco, L. BotturaNb3Sn performance has greatly improved (doubled in ten years)

E. Todesco, L. Rossi, P. McIntyre

20-T dipole

01020304050607080

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

x (m

m)

y (mm)

Nb3Sn low Nb3Sn

Nb-TiNb3Sn low

Nb3Sn

01020304050607080

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

x (m

m)

y (mm)

HTS

Nb3Sn low

Nb-Ti

Nb3Sn

Nb-TiNb3Sn

HTS Nb3Sn

Nb3Sn low

Nb3Sn low

Nb3Sn

15-T dipole

beam pipe

beam pipe

kostenoptimierte Magnete

15 T dipoles + 100 km circumference → 100 TeV pp20 T dipoles + 80 km circumference → 100 TeV pp

Main Parameters for FHC (VHE-LHC)

energy = 100 TeV c.m.dipole field = 15 T (baseline) [20 T option]circumference ~100 km#IPs = 4total beam-beam tune shift = 0.01 bunch spacing = 25 ns [5 ns option]peak luminosity = 1034 cm-2s-1

b* ~ 1.1 m [2 m conservative option]linked to total beam current (~0.1 A)

VHE-LHC/FHC (pp) Hauptparameter

VHE-LHC/FHC Herausforderungensynchrotron radiation heat load

synchrotron radiation damping

luminosity limits (radiation damage, pile up)

machine protection

warm photon absorbers?

controlled blow up? shorter bunch spacing?crab wait collisions?

many more magnet sectors?

Teilchenphysik am VHE-LHC/FHC?

Nima Arkani-Hamed Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton

PSB PS (0.6 km)SPS (6.9 km)

LHC (26.7 km)

TLEP (80-100 km, e+e-, up to ~350 GeV c.m.)

VHE-LHC/FHC (pp, up to 100 TeV c.m.)

& e± (120 GeV) – p (7, 16 & 50 TeV) collisions ([(V)HE-]TLHeC) ≥50 years of e+e-, pp, ep/A physics at highest energies

LHeC & SAPPHiRE?

mögliche Langzeitstrategie

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

LHC Constr. PhysicsProto.Design, R&D

HL-LHC Constr. PhysicsDesign, R&D

VHE-LHC Constr.Design, R&D

2040

TLEP Constr. PhysicsDesign, R&D

Physics

LHeC/SAPPHiRE? Constr. PhysicsDesign, R&D

Skizze der Zeitskala

RECFA - Budapest– 5th October 2013

Infrastructuretunnels, surface buildings, transport (access roads), civil engineering, cooling

ventilation, electricity, cryogenics, communication & IT, fabrication and installation processes, maintenance, environmental impact and monitoring, safety

Hadron colliderOptics and beam dynamics

Functional specificationsPerformance specs

Critical technical systemsRelated R+D programsHE-LHC comparisonOperation conceptDetector concept

Physics requirements

Hadron injectorsBeam optics and

dynamicsFunctional specs

Performance specsCritical technical

systemsOperation concept

e+ e- colliderOptics and beam dynamics

Functional specificationsPerformance specs

Critical technical systemsRelated R+D programs

Injector (Booster)Operation conceptDetector concept

Physics requirements

e- p option: Physics, Integration, additional requirements

Future Circular Colliders (FCC) - Conceptual Design Study & Cost Review for next European

Strategy Update

FCC Studie - Umfang & Struktur

two pillars: pp & e+e-; emphasis on pp machine, driving infrastructure

Infrastructure, cost estimates

P. Lebrun

VL Hadron collider

D. Schulte

Hadron injectors

B. Goddard

e- p option Integration aspects O. Brüning

Future Circular Colliders - Conceptual Design StudyStudy coordination, host state relations, global cost estimate

M. Benedikt, F. Zimmermann

e+ e- collider

J. Wenninger

High Field Magnets

L. BotturaSupercon-ducting RFE. Jensen

CryogenicsL. TavianSpecific

Technologies(MP, Coll, Vac,

BI, BT, PO)JM. Jimenez

Physics and experiments

Hadron physic Experiments, infrastructureA. Ball, F. Gianotti,

M. Mangano

e+ e- exper., physics

A. Blondel J.Ellis, P.Janot

e- p physics +M. Klein

Operation aspects, energy efficiency, OP & mainten., safety, environment.

P. Collier

Planning (Implementation roadmap, financial planning, reporting)F. Sonnemann

German speakers

Team zur Kickoff- u. Studienvorbereitung

U. Geneva 12-15 February 2014!http://indico.cern.ch/e/fcc-kickoff

FCC “kick-off meeting”

Wir hoffen auf rege Mitarbeit!

Vielen Dank!

back-up slides

~600 pages

LHeC CDR published inJ. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 39 075001 (2012)

LHeC Conceptual Design Report 2012

Dhgepp

pb HHIN

eL *

, 141

be

L-R LHeC road map to ≥1033 cm-2s-1

luminosity of LR collider:

highest protonbeam brightness “permitted”(ultimate LHC values)

ge=3.75 mmNb=1.7x1011

bunch spacing 25 or 50 ns

smallest conceivableproton b* function: - reduced l* (23 m → 10 m)- squeeze only one p beam- new magnet technology Nb3Sn

b*p=0.1 m

maximize geometricoverlap factor- head-on collision- small e- emittance

qc=0Hhg≥0.9

(round beams)

average e-

current limited by energy recovery

efficiencyIe=6.4 mA

HD~1.3D. SchulteLHeC2010

LHeC baseline & Higgs factory parameters

Lep ~2 1034 cm-2s-1

5 MeV Injector Dump

CONFIGURATION 1 – 75 PER PASSFINAL ENERGY 150

5 MeV Injector Dump

CONFIGURATION 1 – 150 PER PASSFINAL ENERGY 300

5 MeV Injector Dump

CONFIGURATION 1 – 300 PER PASSFINAL ENERGY 900 (two additional arcs)

various stages A. Valloni, O. Brüning, E. Jensen, M. Klein

design under studyLHeC SRF & ERL test facility

Higgs factory performancesPrecision on couplings, cross sections, mass, width, Summary of the ICFA HF2012 workshop (FNAL, Nov. 2012) arxiv1302:3318

Circular Higgs Factory really goes toprecision at few permil level.

CERN Courier article, 19 July 2013

John Ellis

RECFA - Budapest– 5th October 2013

Michael BenediktLeader

Frank ZimmermannDeputy Leader

F. Bordry

Leiter der FCC Designstudie

eine LHC Entdeckung