1. Introduction 2. MIPAS experiment 3. Scientific results ... · IMK: H. Fischer, C. Blom, H. Oelhaf, IROE: B. Carli, Univ. Bologna: M. Carlotti, Univ ... • 1988 Proposal to ESA

1 | H. Fischer | IMK-ASF | MIPAS 10 anniversary, Februar 2012KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

10 years of MIPAS measurements and scientific achievements

Herbert Fischer

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK)

Germany

1. Introduction

2. MIPAS experiment

3. Scientific results

4. Outlook

KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

2 | H. Fischer | IMK-ASF | MIPAS 10 anniversary, Februar 2012

Acknowledgements for MIPAS/ENVISAT

1. MIPAS-Scientific Advisory Group/MIPAS Science Team: IMK: H. Fischer, C. Blom, H. Oelhaf, IROE: B. Carli, Univ. Bologna: M. Carlotti, Univ. Liège: L. Delbouille, R. Zander, Oxford Univ.: A. Dudhia, FZJ: D. Ehhalt, LPPM: J.-M. Flaud, Univ. Oslo: I. Isaksen, IAA: M. Lopez-Puertas, AES: C. T. McElroy, RAL: Brian Kerridge

2. ESA-ESTEC/ESRIN colleagues: C. Readings, M. Endemann, J. Langen, H. Nett, M.Rast, R. Koopman, C. Zehner, T. Fehr

3. ASTRIUM and BOMEM Company: P. Mössner, R. Gessner, G. Perron

4. Quality Working Group (further scientists): IFAC: P. Raspollini, S. Ceccherini, M. Prosperi, Univ. Bologna: M. Ridolfi, DLR: M. Birk, G. Wagner, IAA: B. Funke, IMK: Th. v.Clarmann, M. Höpfner, M. Kiefer, F. Hase, ISAC: B. M. Dinelli, Univ. Leicester: J. Remedios

5. Further IMK/IAA colleagues: N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, S. Kellmann, A. Kleinert, A. Linden, S. Chauhan, F. Friedl-Vallon, M. Milz, J. Orphal, T. Steck, G. Stiller, D.-Y. Wang, S. Gil-López, M.-L. Koukouli



1. Introduction

• MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is not only a space experiment but a whole family of experiments

• 1980 H. Fischer and a group of scientists in MIM/LMU started the development of a new instrument for trace constituent measurements

• 1983 Concept of a new type of Michelson Interferometer, so-called Double Pendulum Interferometer (IEEE Transactions Geosc. Rem. Sens., GE-21, p. 345)

• 1985 Laboratory Model of DPI tested later used for ground-based solar measurements (e.g. international CHEOPS campaign 1989/1990)

• 1989 1. flight of cooled MIPAS balloon experiment in Aire sur l´Adour/France (publication in 1993, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 98, p. 20495)

• 1991 1. flight of MIPAS aircraft experiment aboard a Transall/EASOE programme (publication 1994, Geophys. Res. Letters, Vol. 21, p. 1351)



MIPAS balloon experiment: shortly before launch

Kiruna

2003



MIPAS balloon experiment: after launch



MIPAS space experiment

• 1988 Proposal to ESA for a MIPAS space experimentincluding a small detector array

Original table of the capabilities of MIPAS measurements (see next page)

All the promises have been fulfilled in the meantime, even more constituents have been detected, e.g. PAN, SF6, HCOOH, BrONO2, PSCs

• 1992 MIPAS selected to fly aboard ENVISAT in 1998

• 2002 Launch ENVISAT



Original MIPAS proposal 1988

Trace gases to be measured



2. MIPAS experiment



MIPAS scan geometryMichelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding

IR limb sounder: good vertical resolution Global data from pole to pole every day



MethodInfrared spectroscopy

Spectral channels of MIPAS: 26 km tangent altitude

685 cm-1

14.6 µm2410 cm-1

4.15 µm

MIPASoptical design

enormous information content in one measurement


Status of MIPAS experiment

A. Dudhia / Oxford

• Excellent performance

• Instrument is stable, availability of nearly 100%

• Interruption of measurements only in 2004, change to reduced optimized spectral resolution

Temperature at 10 h Pa



3. Scientific results



Non-LTE

NOy, Cly

NOx



MIPAS scientific fields

• Chemical pollution in the upper troposhere

• Clouds

• Troposphere-Stratosphere exchange

• Climate: Trends in H2O

• Ozone depletion, ozone hole

• Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC)

• Brewer-Dobson circulation

• Downward transport in the middle atmosphere

• Noctilucent Clouds

• Interaction of solar radiation with atmospheric composition

• Non - LTE

Only a selection of results will be shown; many peer-reviewed publications in journals



Upper troposheric pollution: HCNSeptember 2003 October 2003

December 2003 March 2004

Glatthor et al. 2009 ACP, 9, p. 9619

~ 11 km



HCOOH: Temporal and spatial distributionsGrutter et al. 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D 1030310 km



Annual average of Cloud Top Height during 2003

Spang et al. 2012, ACPD, 11, p. 33013


Tropical cirrus: error estimation for effective radius

IWP ≙ Ice water path

1 parameter fit 2 parameter fit

3 parameter fit



Water vapour and HDO tape recorder

Steinwagner et al. 2010,Nature Geoscience, 3, p. 262

Tropical stratosphere from 9/2002 till 3/2004

Left: Annual average vertical profiles of H2O and Delta-D for 2003

Right: Seasonal variations from the annual mean



Schematic depicting sources of tropical stratospheric H2O



Arctic ozone hole 2011

O3 ClO

Sinnhuber et al. 2011, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 38, L 24814



MIPAS vortex average data for winter 2010/2011

T (K)

N2O

O3

T-TNAT (K)

Arnone et al. 2012,ACPD, 11, p. 33191



MIPAS: Enormous information content

PSCs 17.5 km PSCs 14.5 km

STSNATIce

MIPAS: Southern hemispheric stratospheric trace gases @ 20 km, 20 Sep 2002



MIPAS BrONO2 climatology (Jul 2002- Jan 2009)Night Day

Dec-Feb

Mar-May

Jun-Aug

Sep-Nov

DJF

MAM50-50

40

15

Alti

tude

(km

)

JJA

SON

Höpfner et al. 2009, ACP, 9, p. 1735



Distribution of mean age of air in November 2008

Stiller et al. 2011, ACPD, 11, p. 28013



Change of age of air in the time period 2002-2010



PMC: Integrated radiance Lopez-Puertas et al. 2009 J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 114, D 00107

• Zonal mean radiances

•Spectral interval = 770-920 cm-1

• Offset corrected

Single scan noise = 60 nW/(cm2 sr). => Profiles above: 6 nW/(cm2 sr)

10º latitude binsNoise



PMCs geolocations

MIPASScans with detection = 55%

SCIAMACHYScans with detection = 85%

Tk =150K



Solar influence on climate: MIPAS observation during “Halloween” SPE Oct/Nov 2003

NOx

HNO3

ClONO2

O3

N2 O5

HOCl

Höh

e (k

m)

Höh

e (k

m)

October November October November



Solar Proton Event Fall 2003 / Ozone depletion

SACADA 4D-var Data-Assimilation-System (H.Elbern, Univ. Cologne)

33km

Control run

MIPAS

Data assimilation

O3



4. Outlook

- GLORIA Experiment operated by IMK/KIT and IEK-7/FZJ- PREMIER Mission of ESA, Phase A study


PREMIER – Mission

Documents

1. Introduction 2. MIPAS experiment 3. Scientific results ... · IMK: H. Fischer, C. Blom, H. Oelhaf, IROE: B. Carli, Univ. Bologna: M. Carlotti, Univ ... • 1988 Proposal to ESA