T OF REVIEWS AND ABSTRA

Edited by Alex Jacobson, D.M.D., MS., M.D.% Ph.D. Birmingham, Ala.

All inquiries regarding information on reviews and abstracts should be directed to the respective authors. Articles or books for review in this department should be addressed to Dr. Alex Jacobson, University of Alabama School of Dentistry, University StationlBirmingham, Alabama 35294.

ical and Scanning Electron rcroscopic Study of Surface Changes of

incipient Caries Lesions After Bebonding Jon Artun and Anders Thylstrup Stand. J. Dent. Res. 1986;94:193-201

The surface features of incipient caries lesions around bonded orthodontic brackets were assessed lon- gitudinally. In standardized periods after debonding and cleanup, color slides were made and silicone impres- sions were taken of two maxillary incisors on each of six adolescent patients. These teeth were characterized by varying degrees of macroscopically visible demi- neralized white areas around the bonded brackets. The color slides were studied in a dark room. The positive surface replicas were studied by scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM). At the time of debonding, heavy ac- cumulations of dental plaque were observed in all areas corresponding to the white, demineralized areas. Dur- ing the experimental period, there was a reduction in these plaque deposits. The appearance of the lesions changed from chalky white at the time of debonding to a more diffuse opacity, particularly in the peripheral parts of the lesion. Examination of the surface replicas in the SEM showed a general tendency toward leveling of the surface of the lesion, indicating a loss of porous tissue. At higher magnification, the lesions showed signs of wear. Four teeth were presented to illustrate typical examples of the time-related changes at the sur- face The present study con&n-red that removal of car- iogenic challenge results in arrest of further deminer- alization. The gradual regression of the lesion at the clinical level was believed to be primarily a result of surface abrasion with some redeposition of minerals.

Alex Jacobson

rundlagenuntersuchung Uber den Punktionszustand Dysgnather Patienten VW Beginn Orthopadischer Therapie Wolfgang Heiser and Rudolf Slavicek Orthod. Kieferorthop. Q. 1986;I :7-23

It was possible to demonstrate that the incidence of functional disturbance of the stomatognathic system in

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dysgnathic patients was high prior to the initiation of any form of therapy. Mandibular positions in these pa- tients may be so severely inhuenced by muscle pa- thology and pathofunctional joint distnrb~~c~s that proper orthodontic treatment planning may be impos- sible. Failure to recognize these conditions makes for erroneous diagnosis; thus improper treatment planning is not only possible, but probable.

Alex Jacobson

Nachuntersuchung von Kieferorthopadische Behandelten Patienten mit Hilfe der Axiograph Jare Nach Abschlub der ~etentio Wolfgang Heiser and Rolf Diem Orthod. Kieferorthop Q. 1986;1:25-60

A group of 16 patients was examined to determine whether changes in the mandibular movement patterns could be ascertained 2 years after the patient ceased using retainers. The results showed, on the one hand, the reproducibility of axiographic tracings and, on the other hand, that no meaningful improvement of the functional situation in the stomatognathic system had taken place in orthodontically treated cases. On the contrary, discernible trends seemed to indicate a wors- ening of the situation.

Alex Jacobson

Limit Excursions of the Mandible Normal Conditions and Under conditions of Experimental Stress M. Cueni and G. Graber Schweiz. Mschr. Zahnmed 1986;96:861-78

Recordings of mandibular movements were made of 12 patients using the TMJ-clutch method. One re- cording for each patient was made under “normal” conditions and one under “experimental stress,” using the Vienna stressor. Electrocardiograms and electro- myograms of the temporal and masseter muscles were used in the judgment of stress appliance.